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Mukhopadhyay U, Mandal T, Chakraborty M, Sinha B. The Plasma Membrane and Mechanoregulation in Cells. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21780-21797. [PMID: 38799362 PMCID: PMC11112598 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Cells inhabit a mechanical microenvironment that they continuously sense and adapt to. The plasma membrane (PM), serving as the boundary of the cell, plays a pivotal role in this process of adaptation. In this Review, we begin by examining well-studied processes where mechanoregulation proves significant. Specifically, we highlight examples from the immune system and stem cells, besides discussing processes involving fibroblasts and other cell types. Subsequently, we discuss the common molecular players that facilitate the sensing of the mechanical signal and transform it into a chemical response covering integrins YAP/TAZ and Piezo. We then review how this understanding of molecular elements is leveraged in drug discovery and tissue engineering alongside a discussion of the methodologies used to measure mechanical properties. Focusing on the processes of endocytosis, we discuss how cells may respond to altered membrane mechanics using endo- and exocytosis. Through the process of depleting/adding the membrane area, these could also impact membrane mechanics. We compare pathways from studies illustrating the involvement of endocytosis in mechanoregulation, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and the CLIC/GEEC (CG) pathway as central examples. Lastly, we review studies on cell-cell fusion during myogenesis, the mechanical integrity of muscle fibers, and the reported and anticipated roles of various molecular players and processes like endocytosis, thereby emphasizing the significance of mechanoregulation at the PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biological
Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education
and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Tithi Mandal
- Department of Biological
Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education
and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | | | - Bidisha Sinha
- Department of Biological
Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education
and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
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2
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Norris AC, Mansueto AJ, Jimenez M, Yazlovitskaya EM, Jain BK, Graham TR. Flipping the script: Advances in understanding how and why P4-ATPases flip lipid across membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119700. [PMID: 38382846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Type IV P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases) are a family of transmembrane enzymes that translocate lipid substrates from the outer to the inner leaflet of biological membranes and thus create an asymmetrical distribution of lipids within membranes. On the cellular level, this asymmetry is essential for maintaining the integrity and functionality of biological membranes, creating platforms for signaling events and facilitating vesicular trafficking. On the organismal level, this asymmetry has been shown to be important in maintaining blood homeostasis, liver metabolism, neural development, and the immune response. Indeed, dysregulation of P4-ATPases has been linked to several diseases; including anemia, cholestasis, neurological disease, and several cancers. This review will discuss the evolutionary transition of P4-ATPases from cation pumps to lipid flippases, the new lipid substrates that have been discovered, the significant advances that have been achieved in recent years regarding the structural mechanisms underlying the recognition and flipping of specific lipids across biological membranes, and the consequences of P4-ATPase dysfunction on cellular and physiological functions. Additionally, we emphasize the requirement for additional research to comprehensively understand the involvement of flippases in cellular physiology and disease and to explore their potential as targets for therapeutics in treating a variety of illnesses. The discussion in this review will primarily focus on the budding yeast, C. elegans, and mammalian P4-ATPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Norris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Mariana Jimenez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Bhawik K Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd R Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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3
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Nguyen J, Gilbert PM. Decoding the forces that shape muscle stem cell function. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:279-306. [PMID: 38670710 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a force-producing organ composed of muscle tissues, connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerves, all working in synergy to enable movement and provide support to the body. While robust biomechanical descriptions of skeletal muscle force production at the body or tissue level exist, little is known about force application on microstructures within the muscles, such as cells. Among various cell types, skeletal muscle stem cells reside in the muscle tissue environment and play a crucial role in driving the self-repair process when muscle damage occurs. Early evidence indicates that the fate and function of skeletal muscle stem cells are controlled by both biophysical and biochemical factors in their microenvironments, but much remains to accomplish in quantitatively describing the biophysical muscle stem cell microenvironment. This book chapter aims to review current knowledge on the influence of biophysical stresses and landscape properties on muscle stem cells in heath, aging, and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Nguyen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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4
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Lowry AJ, Liang P, Wan YCS, Pei ZM, Yang H, Zhang Y. TMEM16 and TMEM63/OSCA proteins share a conserved potential to permeate ions and phospholipids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.04.578431. [PMID: 38370744 PMCID: PMC10871192 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.04.578431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The calcium-activated TMEM16 proteins and the mechanosensitive/osmolarity-activated OSCA/TMEM63 proteins belong to the Transmembrane Channel/Scramblase (TCS) superfamily. Within the superfamily, OSCA/TMEM63 proteins, as well as TMEM16A and TMEM16B, likely function solely as ion channels. However, the remaining TMEM16 members, including TMEM16F, maintain an additional function as scramblases, rapidly exchanging phospholipids between leaflets of the membrane. Although recent studies have advanced our understanding of TCS structure-function relationships, the molecular determinants of TCS ion and lipid permeation remain unclear. Here we show that single lysine mutations in transmembrane helix (TM) 4 allow non-scrambling TCS members to permeate phospholipids. This study highlights the key role of TM 4 in controlling TCS ion and lipid permeation and offers novel insights into the evolution of the TCS superfamily, suggesting that, like TMEM16s, the OSCA/TMEM63 family maintains a conserved potential to permeate ions and phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustus J Lowry
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Y C Serena Wan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zhen-Ming Pei
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Huanghe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Current address: Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Guangdong 518106, China
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5
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Brukman NG, Valansi C, Podbilewicz B. Sperm induction of somatic cell-cell fusion as a novel functional test. eLife 2024; 13:e94228. [PMID: 38265078 PMCID: PMC10883674 DOI: 10.7554/elife.94228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The fusion of mammalian gametes requires the interaction between IZUMO1 on the sperm and JUNO on the oocyte. We have recently shown that ectopic expression of mouse IZUMO1 induces cell-cell fusion and that sperm can fuse to fibroblasts expressing JUNO. Here, we found that the incubation of mouse sperm with hamster fibroblasts or human epithelial cells in culture induces the fusion between these somatic cells and the formation of syncytia, a pattern previously observed with some animal viruses. This sperm-induced cell-cell fusion requires a species-matching JUNO on both fusing cells, can be blocked by an antibody against IZUMO1, and does not rely on the synthesis of new proteins. The fusion is dependent on the sperm's fusogenic capacity, making this a reliable, fast, and simple method for predicting sperm function during the diagnosis of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas G Brukman
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Clari Valansi
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Amado NG, Nosyreva ED, Thompson D, Egeland TJ, Ogujiofor OW, Yang M, Fusco AN, Passoni N, Mathews J, Cantarel B, Baker LA, Syeda R. PIEZO1 loss-of-function compound heterozygous mutations in the rare congenital human disorder Prune Belly Syndrome. Nat Commun 2024; 15:339. [PMID: 38184690 PMCID: PMC10771463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Prune belly syndrome (PBS), also known as Eagle-Barret syndrome, is a rare, multi-system congenital myopathy primarily affecting males. Phenotypically, PBS cases manifest three cardinal pathological features: urinary tract dilation with poorly contractile smooth muscle, wrinkled flaccid ventral abdominal wall with skeletal muscle deficiency, and intra-abdominal undescended testes. Genetically, PBS is poorly understood. After performing whole exome sequencing in PBS patients, we identify one compound heterozygous variant in the PIEZO1 gene. PIEZO1 is a cation-selective channel activated by various mechanical forces and widely expressed throughout the lower urinary tract. Here we conduct an extensive functional analysis of the PIEZO1 PBS variants that reveal loss-of-function characteristics in the pressure-induced normalized open probability (NPo) of the channel, while no change is observed in single-channel currents. Furthermore, Yoda1, a PIEZO1 activator, can rescue the NPo defect of the PBS mutant channels. Thus, PIEZO1 mutations may be causal for PBS and the in vitro cellular pathophysiological phenotype could be rescued by the small molecule, Yoda1. Activation of PIEZO1 might provide a promising means of treating PBS and other related bladder dysfunctional states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia G Amado
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elena D Nosyreva
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David Thompson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas J Egeland
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Osita W Ogujiofor
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexandria N Fusco
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Niccolo Passoni
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeremy Mathews
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brandi Cantarel
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Linda A Baker
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Ruhma Syeda
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Whitlock JM. Muscle Progenitor Cell Fusion in the Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:257-279. [PMID: 37996682 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a resident, multipotent stem cell population that is essential for its repair and maintenance throughout life. Here I highlight the role of this stem cell population in muscle repair and regeneration and review the genetic control of the process; the mechanistic steps of activation, migration, recognition, adhesion, and fusion of these cells; and discuss the novel recognition of the membrane signaling that coordinates myogenic cell-cell fusion, as well as the identification of a two-part fusogen system that facilitates it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred M Whitlock
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shrive National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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8
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Stommen A, Ghodsi M, Cloos AS, Conrard L, Dumitru AC, Henriet P, Pierreux CE, Alsteens D, Tyteca D. Piezo1 Regulation Involves Lipid Domains and the Cytoskeleton and Is Favored by the Stomatocyte-Discocyte-Echinocyte Transformation. Biomolecules 2023; 14:51. [PMID: 38254651 PMCID: PMC10813235 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive ion channel required for various biological processes, but its regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we used erythrocytes to address this question since they display Piezo1 clusters, a strong and dynamic cytoskeleton and three types of submicrometric lipid domains, respectively enriched in cholesterol, GM1 ganglioside/cholesterol and sphingomyelin/cholesterol. We revealed that Piezo1 clusters were present in both the rim and the dimple erythrocyte regions. Upon Piezo1 chemical activation by Yoda1, the Piezo1 cluster proportion mainly increased in the dimple area. This increase was accompanied by Ca2+ influx and a rise in echinocytes, in GM1/cholesterol-enriched domains in the dimple and in cholesterol-enriched domains in the rim. Conversely, the effects of Piezo1 activation were abrogated upon membrane cholesterol depletion. Furthermore, upon Piezo1-independent Ca2+ influx, the above changes were not observed. In healthy donors with a high echinocyte proportion, Ca2+ influx, lipid domains and Piezo1 fluorescence were high even at resting state, whereas the cytoskeleton membrane occupancy was lower. Accordingly, upon decreases in cytoskeleton membrane occupancy and stiffness in erythrocytes from patients with hereditary spherocytosis, Piezo1 fluorescence was increased. Altogether, we showed that Piezo1 was differentially controlled by lipid domains and the cytoskeleton and was favored by the stomatocyte-discocyte-echinocyte transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Stommen
- CELL Unit and PICT Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.S.); (M.G.); (A.-S.C.); (P.H.); (C.E.P.)
| | - Marine Ghodsi
- CELL Unit and PICT Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.S.); (M.G.); (A.-S.C.); (P.H.); (C.E.P.)
| | - Anne-Sophie Cloos
- CELL Unit and PICT Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.S.); (M.G.); (A.-S.C.); (P.H.); (C.E.P.)
| | - Louise Conrard
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Biopark Charleroi, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium;
| | - Andra C. Dumitru
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (D.A.)
| | - Patrick Henriet
- CELL Unit and PICT Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.S.); (M.G.); (A.-S.C.); (P.H.); (C.E.P.)
| | - Christophe E. Pierreux
- CELL Unit and PICT Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.S.); (M.G.); (A.-S.C.); (P.H.); (C.E.P.)
| | - David Alsteens
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (D.A.)
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit and PICT Platform, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.S.); (M.G.); (A.-S.C.); (P.H.); (C.E.P.)
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9
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Tranter JD, Kumar A, Nair VK, Sah R. Mechanosensing in Metabolism. Compr Physiol 2023; 14:5269-5290. [PMID: 38158369 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c230005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Electrical mechanosensing is a process mediated by specialized ion channels, gated directly or indirectly by mechanical forces, which allows cells to detect and subsequently respond to mechanical stimuli. The activation of mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels, intrinsically gated by mechanical forces, or mechanoresponsive (MR) ion channels, indirectly gated by mechanical forces, results in electrical signaling across lipid bilayers, such as the plasma membrane. While the functions of mechanically gated channels within a sensory context (e.g., proprioception and touch) are well described, there is emerging data demonstrating functions beyond touch and proprioception, including mechanoregulation of intracellular signaling and cellular/systemic metabolism. Both MR and MS ion channel signaling have been shown to contribute to the regulation of metabolic dysfunction, including obesity, insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and inflammation. This review summarizes our current understanding of the contributions of several MS/MR ion channels in cell types implicated in metabolic dysfunction, namely, adipocytes, pancreatic β-cells, hepatocytes, and skeletal muscle cells, and discusses MS/MR ion channels as possible therapeutic targets. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5269-5290, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Tranter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Vinayak K Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rajan Sah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- St. Louis VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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10
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Ran L, Ye T, Erbs E, Ehl S, Spassky N, Sumara I, Zhang Z, Ricci R. KCNN4 links PIEZO-dependent mechanotransduction to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadf4699. [PMID: 38134241 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adf4699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells sense the microenvironment to fine-tune their inflammatory responses. Patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), caused by mutations in the NLRP3 gene, develop autoinflammation triggered by nonantigenic cues such as from the environment. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we uncover that KCNN4, a calcium-activated potassium channel, links PIEZO-mediated mechanotransduction to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Yoda1, a PIEZO1 agonist, lowered the threshold for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. PIEZO-mediated sensing of stiffness and shear stress increased NLRP3-dependent inflammation. Myeloid-specific deletion of PIEZO1/2 protected mice from gouty arthritis. Mechanistically, activation of PIEZO1 triggers calcium influx, which activates KCNN4 to evoke potassium efflux and promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Activation of PIEZO signaling was sufficient to activate the inflammasome in cells expressing CAPS-causing NLRP3 mutants via KCNN4. Last, pharmacological inhibition of KCNN4 alleviated autoinflammation in cells of patients with CAPS and in mice bearing a CAPS mutation. Thus, PIEZO-dependent mechanical inputs boost inflammation in NLRP3-dependent diseases, including CAPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ran
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Tao Ye
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Eric Erbs
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Spassky
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research Univresity, Paris, France
| | - Izabela Sumara
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Romeo Ricci
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
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11
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Vanderroost J, Parpaite T, Avalosse N, Henriet P, Pierreux CE, Lorent JH, Gailly P, Tyteca D. Piezo1 Is Required for Myoblast Migration and Involves Polarized Clustering in Association with Cholesterol and GM1 Ganglioside. Cells 2023; 12:2784. [PMID: 38132106 PMCID: PMC10741634 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A specific plasma membrane distribution of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 is required for cell migration, but the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we addressed this question using WT and Piezo1-silenced C2C12 mouse myoblasts and WT and Piezo1-KO human kidney HEK293T cells. We showed that cell migration in a cell-free area and through a porous membrane decreased upon Piezo1 silencing or deletion, but increased upon Piezo1 activation by Yoda1, whereas migration towards a chemoattractant gradient was reduced by Yoda1. Piezo1 organized into clusters, which were preferentially enriched at the front. This polarization was stimulated by Yoda1, accompanied by Ca2+ polarization, and abrogated by partial cholesterol depletion. Piezo1 clusters partially colocalized with cholesterol- and GM1 ganglioside-enriched domains, the proportion of which was increased by Yoda1. Mechanistically, Piezo1 activation induced a differential mobile fraction of GM1 associated with domains and the bulk membrane. Conversely, cholesterol depletion abrogated the differential mobile fraction of Piezo1 associated with clusters and the bulk membrane. In conclusion, we revealed, for the first time, the differential implication of Piezo1 depending on the migration mode and the interplay between GM1/cholesterol-enriched domains at the front during migration in a cell-free area. These domains could provide the optimal biophysical properties for Piezo1 activity and/or spatial dissociation from the PMCA calcium efflux pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Vanderroost
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (J.V.); (N.A.); (P.H.); (C.E.P.)
| | - Thibaud Parpaite
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (T.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Noémie Avalosse
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (J.V.); (N.A.); (P.H.); (C.E.P.)
| | - Patrick Henriet
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (J.V.); (N.A.); (P.H.); (C.E.P.)
| | | | - Joseph H. Lorent
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Gailly
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (T.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (J.V.); (N.A.); (P.H.); (C.E.P.)
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12
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Long T, Zhang Y, Donnelly L, Li H, Pien YC, Liu N, Olson EN, Li X. Cryo-EM structures of Myomaker reveal a molecular basis for myoblast fusion. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1746-1754. [PMID: 37770716 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The fusion of mononucleated myoblasts produces multinucleated muscle fibers leading to the formation of skeletal muscle. Myomaker, a skeletal muscle-specific membrane protein, is essential for myoblast fusion. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of mouse Myomaker (mMymk) and Ciona robusta Myomaker (cMymk). Myomaker contains seven transmembrane helices (TMs) that adopt a G-protein-coupled receptor-like fold. TMs 2-4 form a dimeric interface, while TMs 3 and 5-7 create a lipid-binding site that holds the polar head of a phospholipid and allows the alkyl tails to insert into Myomaker. The similarity of cMymk and mMymk suggests a conserved Myomaker-mediated cell fusion mechanism across evolutionarily distant species. Functional analyses demonstrate the essentiality of the dimeric interface and the lipid-binding site for fusogenic activity, and heterologous cell-cell fusion assays show the importance of transcellular interactions of Myomaker protomers for myoblast fusion. Together, our findings provide structural and functional insights into the process of myoblast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Long
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Linda Donnelly
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Chung Pien
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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13
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Lin H, Peng H, Sun Y, Si M, Wu J, Wang Y, Thomas SS, Sun Z, Hu Z. Reprogramming of cis-regulatory networks during skeletal muscle atrophy in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6581. [PMID: 37853001 PMCID: PMC10584982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive atlas of cis-regulatory elements and their dynamic activity is necessary to understand the transcriptional basis of cellular structure maintenance, metabolism, and responses to the environment. Here we show, using matched single-nucleus chromatin accessibility and RNA-sequencing from juvenile male C57BL6 mice, an atlas of accessible chromatin regions in both normal and denervated skeletal muscles. We identified cell-type-specific cis-regulatory networks, highlighting the dynamic regulatory circuits mediating transitions between myonuclear types. Through comparison of normal and perturbed muscle, we delineated the reprogramming of cis-regulatory networks in response to denervation, described the interplay of promoters/enhancers and target genes. We further unveil a hierarchical structure of transcription factors that delineate a regulatory network in atrophic muscle, identifying ELK4 as a key atrophy-related transcription factor that instigates muscle atrophy through TGF-β1 regulation. This study furnishes a rich genomic resource, essential for decoding the regulatory dynamics of skeletal muscle in both physiological and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Lin
- Nephrology Division, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hui Peng
- Nephrology Division, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Nephrology Division, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Meijun Si
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sandhya S Thomas
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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14
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Sayedyahossein S, Thines L, Sacks DB. Ca 2+ signaling and the Hippo pathway: Intersections in cellular regulation. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110846. [PMID: 37549859 PMCID: PMC10529277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a master regulator of organ size and tissue homeostasis. Hippo integrates a broad range of cellular signals to regulate numerous processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and mechanosensation. Ca2+ is a fundamental second messenger that modulates signaling cascades involved in diverse cellular functions, some of which are also regulated by the Hippo pathway. Studies published over the last five years indicate that Ca2+ can influence core Hippo pathway components. Nevertheless, comprehensive understanding of the crosstalk between Ca2+ signaling and the Hippo pathway, and possible mechanisms through which Ca2+ regulates Hippo, remain to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize the multiple intersections between Ca2+ and the Hippo pathway and address the biological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sayedyahossein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louise Thines
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David B Sacks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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Mirzoev TM. The emerging role of Piezo1 channels in skeletal muscle physiology. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1171-1184. [PMID: 37975010 PMCID: PMC10643716 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Piezo1 channels are mechanically activated (MA) cation channels that are involved in sensing of various mechanical perturbations, such as membrane stretch and shear stress, and play a crucial role in cell mechanotransduction. In response to mechanical stimuli, these channels open up and allow cations to travel into the cell and induce biochemical reactions that can change the cell's metabolism and function. Skeletal muscle cells/fibers inherently depend upon mechanical cues in the form of fluid shear stress and contractions (physical exercise). For example, an exposure of skeletal muscles to chronic mechanical loading leads to increased anabolism and fiber hypertrophy, while prolonged mechanical unloading results in muscle atrophy. MA Piezo1 channels have recently emerged as key mechanosensors that are capable of linking mechanical signals and intramuscular signaling in skeletal muscle cells/fibers. This review will summarize the emerging role of Piezo1 channels in the development and regeneration of skeletal muscle tissue as well as in the regulation of skeletal muscle atrophy. In addition, an overview of potential Piezo1-related signaling pathways underlying anabolic and catabolic processes will be provided. A better understanding of Piezo1's role in skeletal muscle mechanotransduction may represent an important basis for the development of therapeutic strategies for maintaining muscle functions under disuse conditions and in some disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur M. Mirzoev
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Zhang P, Maruoka M, Suzuki R, Katani H, Dou Y, Packwood DM, Kosako H, Tanaka M, Suzuki J. Extracellular calcium functions as a molecular glue for transmembrane helices to activate the scramblase Xkr4. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5592. [PMID: 37696806 PMCID: PMC10495444 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The "eat me" signal, phosphatidylserine is exposed on the surface of dying cells by phospholipid scrambling. Previously, we showed that the Xkr family protein Xkr4 is activated by caspase-mediated cleavage and binding of the XRCC4 fragment. Here, we show that extracellular calcium is an additional factor needed to activate Xkr4. The constitutively active mutant of Xkr4 is found to induce phospholipid scrambling in an extracellular, but not intracellular, calcium-dependent manner. Importantly, other Xkr family members also require extracellular calcium for activation. Alanine scanning shows that D123 and D127 of TM1 and E310 of TM3 coordinate calcium binding. Moreover, lysine scanning demonstrates that the E310K mutation-mediated salt bridge between TM1 and TM3 bypasses the requirement of calcium. Cysteine scanning proves that disulfide bond formation between TM1 and TM3 also activates phospholipid scrambling without calcium. Collectively, this study shows that extracellular calcium functions as a molecular glue for TM1 and TM3 of Xkr proteins for activation, thus demonstrating a regulatory mechanism for multi-transmembrane region-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhang
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Maruoka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Center for Integrated Biosystems, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics (CiMPhy), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hikaru Katani
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yu Dou
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Daniel M Packwood
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kosako
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics (CiMPhy), Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jun Suzuki
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- Center for Integrated Biosystems, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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17
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Honsho M, Fujiki Y. Asymmetric Distribution of Plasmalogens and Their Roles-A Mini Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:764. [PMID: 37755186 PMCID: PMC10534842 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Plasmalogens are a unique family of cellular glycerophospholipids that contain a vinyl-ether bond. The synthesis of plasmalogens is initiated in peroxisomes and completed in the endoplasmic reticulum. Plasmalogens are transported to the post-Golgi compartment, including endosomes and plasma membranes, in a manner dependent on ATP, but not vesicular transport. Plasmalogens are preferentially localized in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in a manner dependent on P4-type ATPase ATP8B2, that associates with the CDC50 subunit. Plasmalogen biosynthesis is spatiotemporally regulated by a feedback mechanism that senses the amount of plasmalogens in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and controls the stability of fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 (FAR1), the rate-limiting enzyme for plasmalogen biosynthesis. The physiological consequences of such asymmetric localization and homeostasis of plasmalogens are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Honsho
- Department of Neuroinflammation and Brain Fatigue Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiki
- Institute of Rheological Functions of Food-Kyushu University Collaboration Program, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 811-2501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Himeji 671-2280, Japan
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18
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Tang Y, Zhao C, Zhuang Y, Zhong A, Wang M, Zhang W, Zhu L. Mechanosensitive Piezo1 protein as a novel regulator in macrophages and macrophage-mediated inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149336. [PMID: 37334369 PMCID: PMC10275567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the most important innate immune cells in humans. They are almost ubiquitous in peripheral tissues with a large variety of different mechanical milieus. Therefore, it is not inconceivable that mechanical stimuli have effects on macrophages. Emerging as key molecular detectors of mechanical stress, the function of Piezo channels in macrophages is becoming attractive. In this review, we addressed the architecture, activation mechanisms, biological functions, and pharmacological regulation of the Piezo1 channel and review the research advancements in functions of Piezo1 channels in macrophages and macrophage-mediated inflammatory diseases as well as the potential mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanxiang Zhao
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Zhuang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anjing Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqun Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Jetta D, Shireen T, Hua SZ. Epithelial cells sense local stiffness via Piezo1 mediated cytoskeletal reorganization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1198109. [PMID: 37293127 PMCID: PMC10244755 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1198109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Local substrate stiffness is one of the major mechanical inputs for tissue organization during its development and remodeling. It is widely recognized that adherent cells use transmembrane proteins (integrins) at focal adhesions to translate ECM mechanical cues into intracellular bioprocess. Here we show that epithelial cells respond to substrate stiffening primarily via actin cytoskeleton organization, that requires activation of mechanosensitive Piezo1 channels. Piezo1 Knockdown cells eliminated the actin stress fibers that formed on stiff substrates, while it had minimal effect on cell morphology and spreading area. Inhibition of Piezo1 channels with GsMTx4 also significantly reduced stiffness-induced F-actin reorganization, suggesting Piezo1 mediated cation current plays a role. Activation of Piezo1 channels with specific agonist (Yoda1) resulted in thickening of F-actin fibers and enlargement of FAs on stiffer substrates, whereas it did not affect the formation of nascent FAs that facilitate spreading on the soft substrates. These results demonstrate that Piezo1 functions as a force sensor that couples with actin cytoskeleton to distinguish the substrate stiffness and facilitate epithelial adaptive remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deekshitha Jetta
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Tasnim Shireen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Susan Z. Hua
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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20
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Sakuragi T, Nagata S. Regulation of phospholipid distribution in the lipid bilayer by flippases and scramblases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023:10.1038/s41580-023-00604-z. [PMID: 37106071 PMCID: PMC10134735 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Cellular membranes function as permeability barriers that separate cells from the external environment or partition cells into distinct compartments. These membranes are lipid bilayers composed of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and cholesterol, in which proteins are embedded. Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids freely move laterally, whereas transverse movement between lipid bilayers is limited. Phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed between membrane leaflets but change their location in biological processes, serving as signalling molecules or enzyme activators. Designated proteins - flippases and scramblases - mediate this lipid movement between the bilayers. Flippases mediate the confined localization of specific phospholipids (phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and phosphatidylethanolamine) to the cytoplasmic leaflet. Scramblases randomly scramble phospholipids between leaflets and facilitate the exposure of PtdSer on the cell surface, which serves as an important signalling molecule and as an 'eat me' signal for phagocytes. Defects in flippases and scramblases cause various human diseases. We herein review the recent research on the structure of flippases and scramblases and their physiological roles. Although still poorly understood, we address the mechanisms by which they translocate phospholipids between lipid bilayers and how defects cause human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Sakuragi
- Biochemistry & Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Biochemistry & Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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21
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Kang H, Lin CY, Fan Y. Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Irisin: Harnessing Its Function in Degenerative Disorders and Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076551. [PMID: 37047523 PMCID: PMC10095399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is well-established as an important protective factor against degenerative conditions and a promoter of tissue growth and renewal. The discovery of Fibronectin domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) as the precursor of Irisin in 2012 sparked significant interest in its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic agent for various diseases. Clinical studies have examined the correlation between plasma Irisin levels and pathological conditions using a range of assays, but the lack of reliable measurements for endogenous Irisin has led to uncertainty about its prognostic/diagnostic potential as an exercise surrogate. Animal and tissue-engineering models have shown the protective effects of Irisin treatment in reversing functional impairment and potentially permanent damage, but dosage ambiguities remain unresolved. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the clinical and basic studies of Irisin in the context of degenerative conditions and explores its potential as a therapeutic approach in the physiological processes involved in tissue repair/regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Hongyan Kang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chia-Ying Lin
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
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22
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Dienes B, Bazsó T, Szabó L, Csernoch L. The Role of the Piezo1 Mechanosensitive Channel in the Musculoskeletal System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076513. [PMID: 37047487 PMCID: PMC10095409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the recent discovery of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channels, many studies have addressed the role of the channel in various physiological or even pathological processes of different organs. Although the number of studies on their effects on the musculoskeletal system is constantly increasing, we are still far from a precise understanding. In this review, the knowledge available so far regarding the musculoskeletal system is summarized, reviewing the results achieved in the field of skeletal muscles, bones, joints and cartilage, tendons and ligaments, as well as intervertebral discs.
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23
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Vasileva V, Chubinskiy-Nadezhdin V. Regulation of PIEZO1 channels by lipids and the structural components of extracellular matrix/cell cytoskeleton. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:918-930. [PMID: 36947588 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PIEZO1 is a mechanosensitive channel widely presented in eukaryotic organisms. Although the PIEZO family was discovered in 2010, main questions related to the molecular structure as well as to specific activation mechanisms and regulating pathways remain open. Two hypotheses of PIEZO1 gating were formulated: the first, as a dominant hypothesis, through the plasma membrane (force-from-lipids) and the second, via the participation of the cytoskeleton and the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) (force-from-filaments). Many researchers provide convincing evidence for both hypotheses. It was demonstrated that PIEZO1 has a propeller-like shape forming a membrane curvature within the lipid bilayer. That suggests the participation of lipids in channel modulation, and many studies demonstrate the critical role of lipids and compounds that modify the lipid bilayer in the regulation of PIEZO1 properties. At the same time, the components of ECM and cortical cytoskeleton can be affected by the membrane curvature and thus have an impact on PIEZO1 properties. In living cells, PIEZO1 properties are reported to be critically dependent on channel microenvironment that is on combinatorial influence of plasma membrane, cytoskeleton and ECM. Thus, it is necessary to understand which factors can affect PIEZO1 and consider them when interpreting the role of PIEZO1 in various physiological processes. This review summarizes the current knowledge about regulation of Piezo1 by lipids and the components of ECM and cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Vasileva
- Group of Ionic Mechanisms of Cell Signalling, Department of Intracellular Signalling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladislav Chubinskiy-Nadezhdin
- Group of Ionic Mechanisms of Cell Signalling, Department of Intracellular Signalling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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24
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Cholesterol and Sphingomyelin Polarize at the Leading Edge of Migrating Myoblasts and Involve Their Clustering in Submicrometric Domains. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020319. [PMID: 36830688 PMCID: PMC9953279 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Myoblast migration is crucial for myogenesis and muscular tissue homeostasis. However, its spatiotemporal control remains elusive. Here, we explored the involvement of plasma membrane cholesterol and sphingolipids in this process. In resting C2C12 mouse myoblasts, those lipids clustered in sphingomyelin/cholesterol/GM1 ganglioside (SM/chol/GM1)- and cholesterol (chol)-enriched domains, which presented a lower stiffness than the bulk membrane. Upon migration, cholesterol and sphingomyelin polarized at the front, forming cholesterol (chol)- and sphingomyelin/cholesterol (SM/chol)-enriched domains, while GM1-enriched domains polarized at the rear. A comparison of domain proportion suggested that SM/chol- and GM1-enriched domains originated from the SM/chol/GM1-coenriched domains found at resting state. Modulation of domain proportion (through cholesterol depletion, combined or not with actin polymerization inhibition, or sphingolipid synthesis inhibition) revealed that the higher the chol- and SM/chol-enriched domains, the higher the myoblast migration. At the front, chol- and SM/chol-enriched domains were found in proximity with F-actin fibers and the lateral mobility of sphingomyelin in domains was specifically restricted in a cholesterol- and cytoskeleton-dependent manner while domain abrogation impaired F-actin and focal adhesion polarization. Altogether, we showed the polarization of cholesterol and sphingomyelin and their clustering in chol- and SM/chol-enriched domains with differential properties and roles, providing a mechanism for the spatial and functional control of myoblast migration.
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25
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Dotts AJ, Reiman D, Yin P, Kujawa S, Grobman WA, Dai Y, Bulun SE. In Vivo Genome-Wide PGR Binding in Pregnant Human Myometrium Identifies Potential Regulators of Labor. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:544-559. [PMID: 35732928 PMCID: PMC9988762 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The alterations in myometrial biology during labor are not well understood. The myometrium is the contractile portion of the uterus and contributes to labor, a process that may be regulated by the steroid hormone progesterone. Thus, human myometrial tissues from term pregnant in-active-labor (TIL) and term pregnant not-in-labor (TNIL) subjects were used for genome-wide analyses to elucidate potential future preventive or therapeutic targets involved in the regulation of labor. Using myometrial tissues directly subjected to RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), progesterone receptor (PGR) chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), and histone modification ChIP-seq, we profiled genome-wide changes associated with gene expression in myometrial smooth muscle tissue in vivo. In TIL myometrium, PGR predominantly occupied promoter regions, including the classical progesterone response element, whereas it bound mainly to intergenic regions in TNIL myometrial tissue. Differential binding analysis uncovered over 1700 differential PGR-bound sites between TIL and TNIL, with 1361 sites gained and 428 lost in labor. Functional analysis identified multiple pathways involved in cAMP-mediated signaling enriched in labor. A three-way integration of the data for ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and active histone marks uncovered the following genes associated with PGR binding, transcriptional activation, and altered mRNA levels: ATP11A, CBX7, and TNS1. In vitro studies showed that ATP11A, CBX7, and TNS1 are progesterone responsive. We speculate that these genes may contribute to the contractile phenotype of the myometrium during various stages of labor. In conclusion, we provide novel labor-associated genome-wide events and PGR-target genes that can serve as targets for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel J Dotts
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Derek Reiman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Stacy Kujawa
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - William A Grobman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Serdar E Bulun
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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26
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Hirano K, Tsuchiya M, Shiomi A, Takabayashi S, Suzuki M, Ishikawa Y, Kawano Y, Takabayashi Y, Nishikawa K, Nagao K, Umemoto E, Kitajima Y, Ono Y, Nonomura K, Shintaku H, Mori Y, Umeda M, Hara Y. The mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1 promotes satellite cell function in muscle regeneration. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:6/2/e202201783. [PMID: 36446523 PMCID: PMC9711862 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), myogenic stem cells in skeletal muscles, play an essential role in muscle regeneration. After skeletal muscle injury, quiescent MuSCs are activated to enter the cell cycle and proliferate, thereby initiating regeneration; however, the mechanisms that ensure successful MuSC division, including chromosome segregation, remain unclear. Here, we show that PIEZO1, a calcium ion (Ca2+)-permeable cation channel activated by membrane tension, mediates spontaneous Ca2+ influx to control the regenerative function of MuSCs. Our genetic engineering approach in mice revealed that PIEZO1 is functionally expressed in MuSCs and that Piezo1 deletion in these cells delays myofibre regeneration after injury. These results are, at least in part, due to a mitotic defect in MuSCs. Mechanistically, this phenotype is caused by impaired PIEZO1-Rho signalling during myogenesis. Thus, we provide the first concrete evidence that PIEZO1, a bona fide mechanosensitive ion channel, promotes proliferation and regenerative functions of MuSCs through precise control of cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Hirano
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Tsuchiya
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,PRESTO, JST, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akifumi Shiomi
- Microfluidics RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seiji Takabayashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miki Suzuki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yudai Ishikawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuya Kawano
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takabayashi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kaori Nishikawa
- Microfluidics RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Nagao
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Umemoto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kitajima
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keiko Nonomura
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Tech, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shintaku
- Microfluidics RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Umeda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Hara
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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27
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Hicks MR, Pyle AD. The emergence of the stem cell niche. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:112-123. [PMID: 35934562 PMCID: PMC9868094 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell niches are composed of dynamic microenvironments that support stem cells over a lifetime. The emerging niche is distinct from the adult because its main role is to support the progenitors that build organ systems in development. Emerging niches mature through distinct stages to form the adult niche and enable proper stem cell support. As a model of emerging niches, this review highlights how differences in the skeletal muscle microenvironment influence emerging versus satellite cell (SC) niche formation in skeletal muscle, which is among the most regenerative tissue systems. We contrast how stem cell niches regulate intrinsic properties between progenitor and stem cells throughout development to adulthood. We describe new applications for generating emerging niches from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) using developmental principles and highlight potential applications for regeneration and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hicks
- Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - April D Pyle
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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28
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Mechanotransduction for Muscle Protein Synthesis via Mechanically Activated Ion Channels. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020341. [PMID: 36836698 PMCID: PMC9962945 DOI: 10.3390/life13020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell mechanotransduction, the ability to detect physical forces and convert them into a series of biochemical events, is important for a wide range of physiological processes. Cells express an array of mechanosensors transducing physical forces into intracellular signaling cascades, including ion channels. Ion channels that can be directly activated by mechanical cues are known as mechanically activated (MA), or stretch-activated (SA), channels. In response to repeated exposures to mechanical stimulation in the form of resistance training, enhanced protein synthesis and fiber hypertrophy are elicited in skeletal muscle, whereas a lack of mechanical stimuli due to inactivity/mechanical unloading leads to reduced muscle protein synthesis and fiber atrophy. To date, the role of MA channels in the transduction of mechanical load to intracellular signaling pathways regulating muscle protein synthesis is poorly described. This review article will discuss MA channels in striated muscle, their regulation, and putative roles in the anabolic processes in muscle cells/fibers in response to mechanical stimuli.
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29
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Massey S, Guo Y, Riley LG, Van Bergen NJ, Sandaradura SA, McCusker E, Tchan M, Thauvin-Robinet C, Thomas Q, Moreau T, Davis M, Smits D, Mancini GMS, Hakonarson H, Cooper S, Christodoulou J. Expanding the Allelic Heterogeneity of ANO10-Associated Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxia. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200051. [PMID: 36698452 PMCID: PMC9872716 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives The term autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA) encompasses a diverse group of heterogeneous degenerative disorders of the cerebellum. Spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive 10 (SCAR10) is a distinct classification of cerebellar ataxia caused by variants in the ANO10 gene. Little is known about the molecular role of ANO10 or its role in disease. There is a wide phenotypic spectrum among patients, even among those with the same or similar genetic variants. This study aimed to characterize the molecular consequences of variants in ANO10 and determine their pathologic significance in patients diagnosed with SCAR10. Methods We presented 4 patients from 4 families diagnosed with spinocerebellar ataxia with potential pathogenic variants in the ANO10 gene. Patients underwent either clinical whole-exome sequencing or screening of a panel of known neuromuscular disease genes. Effects on splicing were studied using reverse transcriptase PCR to analyze complementary DNA. Western blots were used to examine protein expression. Results One individual who presented clinically at a much earlier age than typical was homozygous for an ANO10 variant (c.1864A > G [p.Met622Val]) that produces 2 transcription products by altering an exonic enhancer site. Two patients, both of Lebanese descent, had a homozygous intronic splicing variant in ANO10 (c.1163-9A > G) that introduced a cryptic splice site acceptor, producing 2 alternative transcription products and no detectable wild-type protein. Both these variants have not yet been associated with SCAR10. The remaining patient was found to have compound heterozygous variants in ANO10 previously associated with SCAR10 (c.132dupA [p.Asp45Argfs*9] and c.1537T > C [p.Cys513Arg]). Discussion We presented rare pathogenic variants adding to the growing list of ANO10 variants associated with SCAR10. In addition, we described an individual with a much earlier age at onset than usually associated with ANO10 variants. This expands the phenotypic and allelic heterogeneity of ANO10-associated ARCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Massey
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (S.M., N.J.V.B., J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Applied Genomics (Y.G., H.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Centre for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (Y.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Rare Diseases Functional Genomics (L.G.R., S.C.), Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health (L.G.R., S.C.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (N.J.V.B., J.C.), University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (S.A.S.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.A.S.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine (M.T.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology (E.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW), Australia; Laboratory of Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Genetics Center (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Neurology (Q.T., T.M.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Diagnostics Genomics (M.D.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; and Department of Clinical Genetics (D.S., G.M.S.M.), ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ZH, the Netherlands
| | - Yiran Guo
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (S.M., N.J.V.B., J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Applied Genomics (Y.G., H.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Centre for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (Y.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Rare Diseases Functional Genomics (L.G.R., S.C.), Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health (L.G.R., S.C.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (N.J.V.B., J.C.), University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (S.A.S.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.A.S.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine (M.T.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology (E.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW), Australia; Laboratory of Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Genetics Center (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Neurology (Q.T., T.M.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Diagnostics Genomics (M.D.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; and Department of Clinical Genetics (D.S., G.M.S.M.), ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ZH, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa G Riley
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (S.M., N.J.V.B., J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Applied Genomics (Y.G., H.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Centre for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (Y.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Rare Diseases Functional Genomics (L.G.R., S.C.), Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health (L.G.R., S.C.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (N.J.V.B., J.C.), University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (S.A.S.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.A.S.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine (M.T.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology (E.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW), Australia; Laboratory of Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Genetics Center (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Neurology (Q.T., T.M.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Diagnostics Genomics (M.D.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; and Department of Clinical Genetics (D.S., G.M.S.M.), ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ZH, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole J Van Bergen
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (S.M., N.J.V.B., J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Applied Genomics (Y.G., H.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Centre for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (Y.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Rare Diseases Functional Genomics (L.G.R., S.C.), Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health (L.G.R., S.C.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (N.J.V.B., J.C.), University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (S.A.S.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.A.S.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine (M.T.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology (E.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW), Australia; Laboratory of Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Genetics Center (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Neurology (Q.T., T.M.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Diagnostics Genomics (M.D.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; and Department of Clinical Genetics (D.S., G.M.S.M.), ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ZH, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah A Sandaradura
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (S.M., N.J.V.B., J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Applied Genomics (Y.G., H.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Centre for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (Y.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Rare Diseases Functional Genomics (L.G.R., S.C.), Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health (L.G.R., S.C.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (N.J.V.B., J.C.), University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (S.A.S.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.A.S.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine (M.T.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology (E.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW), Australia; Laboratory of Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Genetics Center (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Neurology (Q.T., T.M.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Diagnostics Genomics (M.D.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; and Department of Clinical Genetics (D.S., G.M.S.M.), ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ZH, the Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth McCusker
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (S.M., N.J.V.B., J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Applied Genomics (Y.G., H.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Centre for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (Y.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Rare Diseases Functional Genomics (L.G.R., S.C.), Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health (L.G.R., S.C.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (N.J.V.B., J.C.), University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (S.A.S.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.A.S.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine (M.T.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology (E.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW), Australia; Laboratory of Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Genetics Center (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Neurology (Q.T., T.M.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Diagnostics Genomics (M.D.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; and Department of Clinical Genetics (D.S., G.M.S.M.), ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ZH, the Netherlands
| | - Michel Tchan
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (S.M., N.J.V.B., J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Applied Genomics (Y.G., H.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Centre for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (Y.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Rare Diseases Functional Genomics (L.G.R., S.C.), Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health (L.G.R., S.C.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (N.J.V.B., J.C.), University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (S.A.S.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.A.S.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine (M.T.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology (E.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW), Australia; Laboratory of Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Genetics Center (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Neurology (Q.T., T.M.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Diagnostics Genomics (M.D.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; and Department of Clinical Genetics (D.S., G.M.S.M.), ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ZH, the Netherlands
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (S.M., N.J.V.B., J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Applied Genomics (Y.G., H.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Centre for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (Y.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Rare Diseases Functional Genomics (L.G.R., S.C.), Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health (L.G.R., S.C.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (N.J.V.B., J.C.), University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (S.A.S.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.A.S.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine (M.T.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology (E.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW), Australia; Laboratory of Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Genetics Center (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Neurology (Q.T., T.M.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Diagnostics Genomics (M.D.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; and Department of Clinical Genetics (D.S., G.M.S.M.), ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ZH, the Netherlands
| | - Quentin Thomas
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (S.M., N.J.V.B., J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Applied Genomics (Y.G., H.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Centre for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (Y.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Rare Diseases Functional Genomics (L.G.R., S.C.), Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health (L.G.R., S.C.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (N.J.V.B., J.C.), University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (S.A.S.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.A.S.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine (M.T.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology (E.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW), Australia; Laboratory of Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Genetics Center (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Neurology (Q.T., T.M.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Diagnostics Genomics (M.D.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; and Department of Clinical Genetics (D.S., G.M.S.M.), ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ZH, the Netherlands
| | - Thibault Moreau
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (S.M., N.J.V.B., J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Applied Genomics (Y.G., H.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Centre for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (Y.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Rare Diseases Functional Genomics (L.G.R., S.C.), Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health (L.G.R., S.C.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (N.J.V.B., J.C.), University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (S.A.S.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.A.S.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine (M.T.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology (E.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW), Australia; Laboratory of Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Genetics Center (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Neurology (Q.T., T.M.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Diagnostics Genomics (M.D.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; and Department of Clinical Genetics (D.S., G.M.S.M.), ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ZH, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Davis
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (S.M., N.J.V.B., J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Applied Genomics (Y.G., H.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Centre for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (Y.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Rare Diseases Functional Genomics (L.G.R., S.C.), Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health (L.G.R., S.C.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (N.J.V.B., J.C.), University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (S.A.S.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.A.S.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine (M.T.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology (E.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW), Australia; Laboratory of Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Genetics Center (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Neurology (Q.T., T.M.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Diagnostics Genomics (M.D.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; and Department of Clinical Genetics (D.S., G.M.S.M.), ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ZH, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne Smits
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (S.M., N.J.V.B., J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Applied Genomics (Y.G., H.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Centre for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (Y.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Rare Diseases Functional Genomics (L.G.R., S.C.), Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health (L.G.R., S.C.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (N.J.V.B., J.C.), University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (S.A.S.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.A.S.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine (M.T.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology (E.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW), Australia; Laboratory of Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Genetics Center (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Neurology (Q.T., T.M.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Diagnostics Genomics (M.D.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; and Department of Clinical Genetics (D.S., G.M.S.M.), ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ZH, the Netherlands
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (S.M., N.J.V.B., J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Applied Genomics (Y.G., H.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Centre for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (Y.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Rare Diseases Functional Genomics (L.G.R., S.C.), Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health (L.G.R., S.C.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (N.J.V.B., J.C.), University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (S.A.S.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.A.S.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine (M.T.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology (E.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW), Australia; Laboratory of Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Genetics Center (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Neurology (Q.T., T.M.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Diagnostics Genomics (M.D.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; and Department of Clinical Genetics (D.S., G.M.S.M.), ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ZH, the Netherlands
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (S.M., N.J.V.B., J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Applied Genomics (Y.G., H.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Centre for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (Y.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Rare Diseases Functional Genomics (L.G.R., S.C.), Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health (L.G.R., S.C.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (N.J.V.B., J.C.), University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (S.A.S.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.A.S.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine (M.T.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology (E.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW), Australia; Laboratory of Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Genetics Center (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Neurology (Q.T., T.M.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Diagnostics Genomics (M.D.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; and Department of Clinical Genetics (D.S., G.M.S.M.), ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ZH, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Cooper
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (S.M., N.J.V.B., J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Applied Genomics (Y.G., H.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Centre for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (Y.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Rare Diseases Functional Genomics (L.G.R., S.C.), Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health (L.G.R., S.C.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (N.J.V.B., J.C.), University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (S.A.S.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.A.S.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine (M.T.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology (E.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW), Australia; Laboratory of Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Genetics Center (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Neurology (Q.T., T.M.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Diagnostics Genomics (M.D.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; and Department of Clinical Genetics (D.S., G.M.S.M.), ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ZH, the Netherlands
| | - John Christodoulou
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group (S.M., N.J.V.B., J.C.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Centre for Applied Genomics (Y.G., H.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Centre for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (Y.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Rare Diseases Functional Genomics (L.G.R., S.C.), Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health (L.G.R., S.C.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Paediatrics (N.J.V.B., J.C.), University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (S.A.S.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics (S.A.S.), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Genetic Medicine (M.T.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology (E.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW), Australia; Laboratory of Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Genetics Center (C.T.-R.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Neurology (Q.T., T.M.), CHU Dijon Bourgogne, France; Diagnostics Genomics (M.D.), PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; and Department of Clinical Genetics (D.S., G.M.S.M.), ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, ZH, the Netherlands
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Jiang W, Lacroix J, Luo YL. Importance of molecular dynamics equilibrium protocol on protein-lipid interaction near channel pore. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2022; 2:100080. [PMID: 36425669 PMCID: PMC9680783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2022.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiscale molecular dynamics simulations using Martini coarse-grained (CG) and all-atom (AA) force fields are commonly used in membrane protein studies. In particular, reverse mapping an equilibrated CG model to an AA model offers an efficient way for preparing large membrane protein systems with complex protein shapes and lipid compositions. Here, we report that this hybrid CG-equilibrium-AA-production protocol may artificially increase lipid density and decrease hydration in ion channel pores walled with transmembrane gaps. To understand the origin of this conundrum, we conducted replicas of CG, AA, and CG reverse-mapped AA simulations of the pore domain of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel in a nonconducting conformation. Lipid/water density analysis and free energy calculations reveal that the lack of initial pore hydration allows excessive lipids to enter the upper pore lumen through gaps between pore helices during CG simulation. Due to the mismatch between CG and AA lipid kinetics, these pore lipids remain trapped in the subsequent AA simulations, despite unfavorable binding free energy. We tested several CG equilibrium protocols and found that a protocol restraining the whole lipid produces pore hydration consistent with AA results, thus eliminating this artifact for further studies of lipid gating and protein-lipid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Jerome Lacroix
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Yun Lyna Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
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31
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Sinha S, Elbaz‐Alon Y, Avinoam O. Ca 2+ as a coordinator of skeletal muscle differentiation, fusion and contraction. FEBS J 2022; 289:6531-6542. [PMID: 35689496 PMCID: PMC9795905 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Muscle regeneration is essential for vertebrate muscle homeostasis and recovery after injury. During regeneration, muscle stem cells differentiate into myocytes, which then fuse with pre-existing muscle fibres. Hence, differentiation, fusion and contraction must be tightly regulated during regeneration to avoid the disastrous consequences of premature fusion of myocytes to actively contracting fibres. Cytosolic calcium (Ca2+ ), which is coupled to both induction of myogenic differentiation and contraction, has more recently been implicated in the regulation of myocyte-to-myotube fusion. In this viewpoint, we propose that Ca2+ -mediated coordination of differentiation, fusion and contraction is a feature selected in the amniotes to facilitate muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sansrity Sinha
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Yael Elbaz‐Alon
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Ori Avinoam
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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32
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Li M, Zhang X, Wang M, Wang Y, Qian J, Xing X, Wang Z, You Y, Guo K, Chen J, Gao D, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Chen R, Cui J, Ren Z. Activation of Piezo1 contributes to matrix stiffness-induced angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:1162-1184. [PMID: 36181398 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite integrin being highlighted as a stiffness-sensor molecule in matrix stiffness-driven angiogenesis, other stiffness-sensor molecules and their mechanosensory pathways related to angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain obscure. Here, we explored the interplay between Piezo1 and integrin β1 in the mechanosensory pathway and their effects on HCC angiogenesis to better understand matrix stiffness-induced angiogenesis. METHODS The role of Piezo1 in matrix stiffness-induced angiogenesis was investigated using orthotopic liver cancer SD rat models with high liver stiffness background, and its clinical significance was evaluated in human HCC tissues. Matrix stiffness-mediated Piezo1 upregulation and activation were assayed using an in vitro fibronectin (FN)-coated cell culture system with different stiffness, Western blotting and Ca2+ probe. The effects of shPiezo1-conditioned medium (CM) on angiogenesis were examined by tube formation assay, wound healing assay and angiogenesis array. The underlying mechanism by which Piezo1 participated in matrix stiffness-induced angiogenesis was analyzed by microRNA quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), matrix stiffness measurement, dual-luciferase reporter assay, ubiquitination assay and co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Increased matrix stiffness significantly upregulated Piezo1 expression at both cellular and tissue levels, and high expression of Piezo1 indicated an unfavorable prognosis. High matrix stiffness also noticeably enhanced the activation level of Piezo1, similar to its expression level. Piezo1 knockdown significantly suppressed tumor growth, angiogenesis, and lung metastasis of HCC rat models with high liver stiffness background. shPiezo1-CM from HCC cells attenuated tube formation and migration abilities of vascular endothelial cells remarkably, and analysis of differentially expressed pro-angiogenic factors revealed that Piezo1 promoted the expression and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2). Matrix stiffness-caused Piezo1 upregulation/activation restrained hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) ubiquitination, subsequently enhanced the expression of downstream pro-angiogenic factors to accelerate HCC angiogenesis. Besides, collagen 1 (COL1)-reinforced tissue stiffening resulted in more expression of Piezo1 via miR-625-5p. CONCLUSIONS This study unravels a new mechanism by which the integrin β1/Piezo1 activation/Ca2+ influx/HIF-1α ubiquitination/VEGF, CXCL16 and IGFBP2 pathway participates in matrix stiffness-driven HCC angiogenesis. Simultaneously, a positive feedback regulation loop as stiff matrix/integrin β1/miR-625-5p/Piezo1 and COL1/stiffer matrix mediates matrix stiffness-caused Piezo1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Mimi Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Xing
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yang You
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Kun Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jiefeng Cui
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhenggang Ren
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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Miyata Y, Yamada K, Nagata S, Segawa K. Two types of type IV P-type ATPases independently re-establish the asymmetrical distribution of phosphatidylserine in plasma membranes. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102527. [PMID: 36162506 PMCID: PMC9597894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed between the lipid bilayer of plasma membranes in which phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is confined to the inner leaflet. ATP11A and ATP11C, type IV P-Type ATPases in plasma membranes, flip PtdSer from the outer to the inner leaflet, but involvement of other P4-ATPases is unclear. We herein demonstrated that once PtdSer was exposed on the cell surface of ATP11A−/−ATP11C−/− mouse T cell line (W3), its internalization to the inner leaflet of plasma membranes was negligible at 15 °C. However, ATP11A−/−ATP11C−/− cells internalized the exposed PtdSer at 37 °C, a temperature at which trafficking of intracellular membranes was active. In addition to ATP11A and 11C, W3 cells expressed ATP8A1, 8B2, 8B4, 9A, 9B, and 11B, with ATP8A1 and ATP11B being present at recycling endosomes. Cells deficient in four P4-ATPases (ATP8A1, 11A, 11B, and 11C) (QKO) did not constitutively expose PtdSer on the cell surface but lost the ability to re-establish PtdSer asymmetry within 1 hour, even at 37 °C. The expression of ATP11A or ATP11C conferred QKO cells with the ability to rapidly re-establish PtdSer asymmetry at 15 °C and 37 °C, while cells expressing ATP8A1 or ATP11B required a temperature of 37 °C to achieve this function, and a dynamin inhibitor blocked this process. These results revealed that mammalian cells are equipped with two independent mechanisms to re-establish its asymmetry: the first is a rapid process involving plasma membrane flippases, ATP11A and ATP11C, while the other is mediated by ATP8A1 and ATP11B, which require an endocytosis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Miyata
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Immunology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Immunology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Katsumori Segawa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Biochemistry & Immunology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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The function of Piezo1 in hepatoblastoma metastasis and its potential transduction mechanism. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10301. [PMID: 36097495 PMCID: PMC9463386 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common primary malignant liver tumor in children. The prognosis of HB metastasis is poor, despite the increasing diversity of treatment. Piezo, a ubiquitously expressed membrane mechano-transduction protein, is involved in the process of tumor cell migration. Under the gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) database, Piezo1 was highly expressed in HB and negatively correlated with the overall survival time. Methods Firstly, the expression of Piezo1 in both paracancerous and HB tissues (n = 7) was detected, and the prognostic value of Piezo1 was assessed in HB (n = 160) patients. Secondly, the inhibition and overexpression of Piezo1were executed in two HB cell lines, HepG2 and Huh 6. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), wound healing and trans-well assays were performed to identify the effect of Piezo1 on the proliferation and metastasis of HB cells, respectively. In addition, a co-immunoprecipitation assay was performed to determine whether Piezo1 has an interaction with HIF-1α. Finally, the expressions level of Piezo1, HIF-1α, and VEGF by overexpression/inhibition each other were detected by RT-qPCR and western blots to find a possible signaling channel in HB metastasis. Results We found that Piezo1 was highly expressed in HB tissues and associated with poor prognosis of patients. Piezo1 was related to cell proliferation in HepG2 and Huh 6 cells. We also found that Piezo1 stimulated HIF-1α expression. Meanwhile, overexpression of Piezo1 promoted the migration and invasion of HB cells, while the promotion was not detected when HIF-1α was suppressed. Additionally, the silencing of HIF-1α inhibited the expression of VEGF, but showed no effect on Piezo1 expression. Conclusion In this study, we identified that Piezo1 was involved in HB metastasis, and the Piezo1-HIF-1α-VEGF axis could be a possible signaling pathway in HB metastasis.
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Huang J, Zhang K, Du R, Liu W, Zhang H, Tian T, Wang Y, Wang G, Yin T. The Janus-faced role of Piezo1 in cardiovascular health under mechanical stimulation. Genes Dis 2022. [PMID: 37492728 PMCID: PMC10363580 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cardiovascular health problems are becoming more and more serious. At the same time, mechanical stimulation closely relates to cardiovascular health. In this context, Piezo1, which is very sensitive to mechanical stimulation, has attracted our attention. Here, we review the critical significance of Piezo1 in mechanical stimulation of endothelial cells, NO production, lipid metabolism, DNA damage protection, the development of new blood vessels and maturation, narrowing of blood vessels, blood pressure regulation, vascular permeability, insulin sensitivity, and maintenance of red blood cell function. Besides, Piezo1 may participate in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. It is worth noting that Piezo1 has dual effects on maintaining cardiovascular health. On the one hand, the function of Piezo1 is necessary to maintain cardiovascular health; on the other hand, under some extreme mechanical stimulation, the overexpression of Piezo1 may bring adverse factors such as inflammation. Therefore, this review discusses the Janus-faced role of Piezo1 in maintaining cardiovascular health and puts forward new ideas to provide references for gene therapy or nanoagents targeting Piezo1.
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Lobba ARM, Alvarez-Flores MP, Fessel MR, Buri MV, Oliveira DS, Gomes RN, Cunegundes PS, DeOcesano-Pereira C, Cinel VD, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. A Kunitz-type inhibitor from tick salivary glands: A promising novel antitumor drug candidate. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:936107. [PMID: 36052162 PMCID: PMC9424826 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.936107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands are vital structures responsible for successful tick feeding. The saliva of ticks contains numerous active molecules that participate in several physiological processes. A Kunitz-type factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor, similar to the tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) precursor, was identified in the salivary gland transcriptome of Amblyomma sculptum ticks. The recombinant mature form of this Kunitz-type inhibitor, named Amblyomin-X, displayed anticoagulant, antiangiogenic, and antitumor properties. Amblyomin-X is a protein that inhibits FXa in the blood coagulation cascade and acts via non-hemostatic mechanisms, such as proteasome inhibition. Amblyomin-X selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells and promotes tumor regression through these mechanisms. Notably, the cytotoxicity of Amblyomin-X seems to be restricted to tumor cells and does not affect non-tumorigenic cells, tissues, and organs, making this recombinant protein an attractive molecule for anticancer therapy. The cytotoxic activity of Amblyomin-X on tumor cells has led to vast exploration into this protein. Here, we summarize the function, action mechanisms, structural features, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution of this tick Kunitz-type inhibitor recombinant protein as a promising novel antitumor drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline R. M. Lobba
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miryam Paola Alvarez-Flores
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Melissa Regina Fessel
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Buri
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas S. Oliveira
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata N. Gomes
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila S. Cunegundes
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos DeOcesano-Pereira
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor D. Cinel
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery-CENTD, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Development and Innovation Centre, Butantan Institute, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ana M. Chudzinski-Tavassi,
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Buyan A, Allender DW, Corry B, Schick M. Lipid redistribution in the highly curved footprint of Piezo1. Biophys J 2022:S0006-3495(22)00595-1. [PMID: 35927961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the effects on the distribution of lipids in the plasma membrane that are caused by the insertion of a protein, Piezo1, that significantly distorts the membrane toward the cytosol. From coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we find that the major effects occur in the outer, extracellular, leaflet. The mol fraction of cholesterol increases significantly in the curved region of the membrane close to Piezo1, while those of phosphatidylcholine and of sphingomyelin decrease. In the inner leaflet, mol fractions of cholesterol and of phosphatidylethanolamine decrease slightly as the protein is approached, while that of phosphatidylserine increases slightly. The mol fraction of phosphatidylcholine decreases markedly as the protein is approached. Most of these results are understood in the context of a theoretical model that utilizes two elements; (i) a coupling between the leaflets' actual curvatures and their compositionally-dependent spontaneous curvatures and, (ii) the dependence of the spontaneous curvatures not only on the mol fractions of the phospholipids, but also on the effect that cholesterol has on the spontaneous curvatures of the phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Buyan
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - D W Allender
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle WA; Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent OH
| | - Ben Corry
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - M Schick
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle WA
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Szondy Z, Al-Zaeed N, Tarban N, Fige É, Garabuczi É, Sarang Z. Involvement of phosphatidylserine receptors in the skeletal muscle regeneration: therapeutic implications. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1961-1973. [PMID: 35666022 PMCID: PMC9397555 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes such as disability, poor quality of life, and death. Increasing evidence indicates that diminished ability of the muscle to activate satellite cell-dependent regeneration is one of the factors that might contribute to its development. Skeletal muscle regeneration following myogenic cell death results from the proliferation and differentiation of myogenic stem cells, called satellite cells, located beneath the basal lamina of the muscle fibres. Satellite cell differentiation is not a satellite cell-autonomous process but depends on signals provided by the surrounding cells. Infiltrating macrophages play a key role in the process partly by clearing the necrotic cell debris, partly by producing cytokines and growth factors that guide myogenesis. At the beginning of the muscle regeneration process, macrophages are pro-inflammatory, and the cytokines produced by them trigger the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells. Following the uptake of dead cells, however, a transcriptionally regulated phenotypic change (macrophage polarization) is induced in them resulting in their transformation into healing macrophages that guide resolution of inflammation, completion of myoblast differentiation, myoblast fusion and growth, and return to homeostasis. Impaired efferocytosis results in delayed cell death clearance, delayed macrophage polarization, prolonged inflammation, and impaired muscle regeneration. Thus, proper efferocytosis by macrophages is a determining factor during muscle repair. Here we review that both efferocytosis and myogenesis are dependent on the cell surface phosphatidylserine (PS), and surprisingly, these two processes share a number of common PS receptors and signalling pathways. Based on these findings, we propose that stimulating the function of PS receptors for facilitating muscle repair following injury could be a successful approach, as it would enhance efferocytosis and myogenesis simultaneously. Because increasing evidence indicates a pathophysiological role of impaired efferocytosis in the development of chronic inflammatory conditions, as well as in impaired muscle regeneration both contributing to the development of sarcopenia, improving efferocytosis should be considered also in its management. Again applying or combining those treatments that target PS receptors would be expected to be the most effective, because they would also promote myogenesis. A potential PS receptor-triggering candidate molecule is milk fat globule-EGF-factor 8 (MFG-E8), which not only stimulates PS-dependent efferocytosis and myoblast fusion but also promotes extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt activation-mediated cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Szondy
- Section of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nour Al-Zaeed
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nastaran Tarban
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Fige
- Section of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Garabuczi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Sarang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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39
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Young M, Lewis AH, Grandl J. Physics of mechanotransduction by Piezo ion channels. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213231. [PMID: 35593732 PMCID: PMC9127981 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Piezo ion channels are sensors of mechanical forces and mediate a wide range of physiological mechanotransduction processes. More than a decade of intense research has elucidated much of the structural and mechanistic principles underlying Piezo gating and its roles in physiology, although wide gaps of knowledge continue to exist. Here, we review the forces and energies involved in mechanical activation of Piezo ion channels and their functional modulation by other chemical and physical stimuli including lipids, voltage, and temperature. We compare the three predominant mechanisms likely to explain Piezo activation—the force-from-lipids mechanism, the tether model, and the membrane footprint theory. Additional sections shine light on how Piezo ion channels may affect each other through spatial clustering and functional cooperativity, and how substantial functional heterogeneity of Piezo ion channels arises as a byproduct of the precise physical environment each channel experiences. Finally, our review concludes by pointing out major research questions and technological limitations that future research can address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Young
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Amanda H Lewis
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Jörg Grandl
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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40
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Bernareggi A, Bosutti A, Massaria G, Giniatullin R, Malm T, Sciancalepore M, Lorenzon P. The State of the Art of Piezo1 Channels in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126616. [PMID: 35743058 PMCID: PMC9224226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Piezo1 channels are highly mechanically-activated cation channels that can sense and transduce the mechanical stimuli into physiological signals in different tissues including skeletal muscle. In this focused review, we summarize the emerging evidence of Piezo1 channel-mediated effects in the physiology of skeletal muscle, with a particular focus on the role of Piezo1 in controlling myogenic precursor activity and skeletal muscle regeneration and vascularization. The disclosed effects reported by pharmacological activation of Piezo1 channels with the selective agonist Yoda1 indicate a potential impact of Piezo1 channel activity in skeletal muscle regeneration, which is disrupted in various muscular pathological states. All findings reported so far agree with the idea that Piezo1 channels represent a novel, powerful molecular target to develop new therapeutic strategies for preventing or ameliorating skeletal muscle disorders characterized by an impairment of tissue regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bernareggi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandra Bosutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Gabriele Massaria
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (R.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Marina Sciancalepore
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Paola Lorenzon
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (G.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
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Inefficient development of syncytiotrophoblasts in the Atp11a-deficient mouse placenta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200582119. [PMID: 35476530 PMCID: PMC9170144 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200582119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma membranes are composed of a lipid bilayer in which phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is confined to the inner leaflet by the action of flippase that translocates PtdSer from the outer to inner leaflets. Two P4-ATPases (ATP11A and ATP11C) work as flippase at plasma membranes. Here, we report that the mouse placenta expresses only ATP11A, and Atp11a-deficient mouse embryos die during embryogenesis due to inefficient formation of syncytiotrophoblasts in the placental labyrinth. The flippase-null mutation inactivates human choriocarcinoma BeWo cells to translocate PtdSer into the inner leaflet and undergo cell fusion. These findings highlight the importance of flippase to regulate the distribution of phospholipids for cell fusion, at least in trophoblast fusion. The P4-ATPases ATP11A and ATP11C function as flippases at the plasma membrane to translocate phosphatidylserine from the outer to the inner leaflet. We herein demonstrated that Atp11a-deficient mouse embryos died at approximately E14.5 with thin-walled heart ventricles. However, the cardiomyocyte- or epiblast-specific Atp11a deletion did not affect mouse development or mortality. ATP11C may have compensated for the function of ATP11A in most of the cell types in the embryo. On the other hand, Atp11a, but not Atp11c, was expressed in the mouse placenta, and the Atp11a-null mutation caused poor development of the labyrinthine layer with an increased number of TUNEL-positive foci. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy revealed a disorganized labyrinthine layer with unfused trophoblasts in the Atp11a-null placenta. Human placenta-derived choriocarcinoma BeWo cells expressed the ATP11A and ATP11C genes. A lack of ATP11A and ATP11C eliminated the ability of BeWo cells to flip phosphatidylserine and fuse when treated with forskolin. These results indicate that flippases at the plasma membrane play an important role in the formation of syncytiotrophoblasts in placental development.
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42
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Benedetto A, Kelley EG. Absorption of the [bmim][Cl] Ionic Liquid in DMPC Lipid Bilayers across Their Gel, Ripple, and Fluid Phases. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3309-3318. [PMID: 35472281 PMCID: PMC9082605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Lipid bilayers are
a key component of cell membranes and play a
crucial role in life and in bio-nanotechnology. As a result, controlling
their physicochemical properties holds the promise of effective therapeutic
strategies. Ionic liquids (ILs)—a vast class of complex organic
electrolytes—have shown a high degree of affinity with lipid
bilayers and can be exploited in this context. However, the chemical
physics of IL absorption and partitioning into lipid bilayers is yet
to be fully understood. This work focuses on the absorption of the
model IL [bmim][Cl] into 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(DMPC) lipid bilayers across their gel, ripple, and fluid phases.
Here, by small-angle neutron scattering, we show that (i) the IL cations
are absorbed in the lipid bilayer in all its thermodynamic phases
and (ii) the amount of IL inserted into the lipid phase increased
with increasing temperature, changing from three to four IL cations
per 10 lipids with increasing temperature from 10 °C in the gel
phase to 40 °C in the liquid phase, respectively. An explicative
hypothesis, based on the entropy gain coming from the IL hydration
water, is presented to explain the observed temperature trend. The
ability to control IL absorption with temperature can be used as a
handle to tune the effect of ILs on biomembranes and can be exploited
in bio-nanotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Benedetto
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy.,School of Physics, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth G Kelley
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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43
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Miles L, Powell J, Kozak C, Song Y. Mechanosensitive Ion Channels, Axonal Growth, and Regeneration. Neuroscientist 2022:10738584221088575. [PMID: 35414308 PMCID: PMC9556659 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221088575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cells sense and respond to mechanical stimuli by converting those stimuli into biological signals, a process known as mechanotransduction. Mechanotransduction is essential in diverse cellular functions, including tissue development, touch sensitivity, pain, and neuronal pathfinding. In the search for key players of mechanotransduction, several families of ion channels were identified as being mechanosensitive and were demonstrated to be activated directly by mechanical forces in both the membrane bilayer and the cytoskeleton. More recently, Piezo ion channels were discovered as a bona fide mechanosensitive ion channel, and its characterization led to a cascade of research that revealed the diverse functions of Piezo proteins and, in particular, their involvement in neuronal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leann Miles
- The Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jackson Powell
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Casey Kozak
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuanquan Song
- The Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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44
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Peng Y, Du J, Günther S, Guo X, Wang S, Schneider A, Zhu L, Braun T. Mechano-signaling via Piezo1 prevents activation and p53-mediated senescence of muscle stem cells. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102309. [PMID: 35395625 PMCID: PMC9005960 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs), also called satellite cells, are instrumental for postnatal muscle growth and skeletal muscle regeneration. Numerous signaling cascades regulate the fate of MuSCs during muscle regeneration but the molecular mechanism by which MuSCs sense mechanical stimuli remain unclear. Here, we describe that Piezo1, a mechanosensitive ion channel, keeps MuSCs in a quiescent state and prevents senescence. Absence of Piezo1 induces precocious activation of MuSCs, attenuates proliferation, and impairs differentiation, essentially abolishing efficient skeletal muscle regeneration and replenishment of the MuSC pool. Furthermore, we discovered that inactivation of Piezo1 results in compensatory up-regulation of T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, leading to increased Ca2+ influx, which strongly induces NOX4 expression via cPKC. Elevated NOX4 expression in Piezo1-deficient MuSCs increases ROS levels and DNA damage, causing P53-dependent cellular senescence and cell death. The importance of the P53/P21-axis for mediating Piezo1-dependent cellular defects was confirmed by pharmacological inhibition of P53 in Piezo1-deficient mice, which abrogates increased senescence of muscle cells and normalizes muscle regeneration. Our findings uncover an essential role of Piezo1-mediated mechano-signaling in MuSCs for maintaining quiescence and preventing senescence. Reduced mechano-signaling due to decreased physical activity during aging may contribute to the increase of senescent cells and the decline of MuSC numbers in geriatric mice and humans. Piezo1 is highly expressed in skeletal MuSCs and prevents their precocious activation. Loss of Piezo1 increases Ca2+ influx into MuSCs, which induces NOX4 expression via PKC, leading to enhanced ROS generation. Inactivation of Piezo1 depletes the MuSC pool and causes P53-dependent senescence of MuSCs. ROS scavenging in Piezo1-deficient MuSCs prevents P53 accumulation. Inhibition of P53 mitigates skeletal muscle regeneration defects in mice with Piezo1-deficient MuSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Peng
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jingjing Du
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany; College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Stefan Günther
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Xinyue Guo
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, No.76 West Yanta Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, China
| | - Andre Schneider
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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45
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Regulation of the myoblast fusion reaction for muscle development, regeneration, and adaptations. Exp Cell Res 2022; 415:113134. [PMID: 35367215 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fusion of plasma membranes is essential for skeletal muscle development, regeneration, exercise-induced adaptations, and results in a cell that contains hundreds to thousands of nuclei within a shared cytoplasm. The differentiation process in myocytes culminates in their fusion to form a new myofiber or fusion to an existing myofiber thereby contributing more synthetic material to the syncytium. The choice for two cells to fuse and become one could be a dangerous event if the two cells are not committed to an allied function. Thus, fusion events are highly regulated with positive and negative factors to fine-tune the process, and requires muscle-specific fusogens (Myomaker and Myomerger) as well as general cellular machinery to achieve the union of membranes. While a unified vertebrate myoblast fusion pathway is not yet established, recent discoveries should make this pursuit attainable. Not only does myocyte fusion impact the normal biology of skeletal muscle, but new evidence indicates dysregulation of the process impacts pathologies of skeletal muscle. Here, I will highlight the molecular players and biochemical mechanisms that drive fusion events in muscle, and discuss how this key myogenic process impacts skeletal muscle diseases.
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46
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Ma N, Chen D, Lee JH, Kuri P, Hernandez EB, Kocan J, Mahmood H, Tichy ED, Rompolas P, Mourkioti F. Piezo1 regulates the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscles via orchestration of stem cell morphological states. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn0485. [PMID: 35302846 PMCID: PMC8932657 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential for tissue homeostasis and regeneration, but the potential contribution of MuSC morphology to in vivo function remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that quiescent MuSCs are morphologically heterogeneous and exhibit different patterns of cellular protrusions. We classified quiescent MuSCs into three functionally distinct stem cell states: responsive, intermediate, and sensory. We demonstrate that the shift between different stem cell states promotes regeneration and is regulated by the sensing protein Piezo1. Pharmacological activation of Piezo1 is sufficient to prime MuSCs toward more responsive cells. Piezo1 deletion in MuSCs shifts the distribution toward less responsive cells, mimicking the disease phenotype we find in dystrophic muscles. We further demonstrate that Piezo1 reactivation ameliorates the MuSC morphological and regenerative defects of dystrophic muscles. These findings advance our fundamental understanding of how stem cells respond to injury and identify Piezo1 as a key regulator for adjusting stem cell states essential for regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoying Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Delia Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ji-Hyung Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paola Kuri
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward Blake Hernandez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacob Kocan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hamd Mahmood
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elisia D. Tichy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Panteleimon Rompolas
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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47
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Ganassi M, Zammit PS. Involvement of muscle satellite cell dysfunction in neuromuscular disorders: Expanding the portfolio of satellite cell-opathies. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 32:10064. [PMID: 35302338 PMCID: PMC8992676 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders are a heterogeneous group of acquired or hereditary conditions that affect striated muscle function. The resulting decrease in muscle strength and motility irreversibly impacts quality of life. In addition to directly affecting skeletal muscle, pathogenesis can also arise from dysfunctional crosstalk between nerves and muscles, and may include cardiac impairment. Muscular weakness is often progressive and paralleled by continuous decline in the ability of skeletal muscle to functionally adapt and regenerate. Normally, the skeletal muscle resident stem cells, named satellite cells, ensure tissue homeostasis by providing myoblasts for growth, maintenance, repair and regeneration. We recently defined 'Satellite Cell-opathies' as those inherited neuromuscular conditions presenting satellite cell dysfunction in muscular dystrophies and myopathies (doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112906). Here, we expand the portfolio of Satellite Cell-opathies by evaluating the potential impairment of satellite cell function across all 16 categories of neuromuscular disorders, including those with mainly neurogenic and cardiac involvement. We explore the expression dynamics of myopathogenes, genes whose mutation leads to skeletal muscle pathogenesis, using transcriptomic analysis. This revealed that 45% of myopathogenes are differentially expressed during early satellite cell activation (0 - 5 hours). Of these 271 myopathogenes, 83 respond to Pax7, a master regulator of satellite cells. Our analysis suggests possible perturbation of satellite cell function in many neuromuscular disorders across all categories, including those where skeletal muscle pathology is not predominant. This characterisation further aids understanding of pathomechanisms and informs on development of prognostic and diagnostic tools, and ultimately, new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ganassi
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, London.
| | - Peter S Zammit
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, London.
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48
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Savitskaya MA, Zakharov II, Onishchenko GE. Apoptotic Features in Non-Apoptotic Processes. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:191-206. [PMID: 35526851 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the most thoroughly studied type of regulated cell death. Certain events, such as externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) into the outer leaflet of plasma membrane, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, caspase cascade activation, DNA fragmentation and blebbing, are widely considered to be hallmarks of apoptosis as well as being traditionally viewed as irreversible. This review shows that under particular circumstances these events can also participate in physiological processes not associated with initiation of apoptosis, such as cell differentiation, division, and motility, as well as non-apoptotic types of cell death. Moreover, these events may often be reversible. This review focuses on three processes: phosphatidylserine externalization, blebbing, and activation of apoptotic caspases. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and DNA fragmentation are not discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilya I Zakharov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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49
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Bartoli F, Debant M, Chuntharpursat-Bon E, Evans EL, Musialowski KE, Parsonage G, Morley LC, Futers TS, Sukumar P, Bowen TS, Kearney MT, Lichtenstein L, Roberts LD, Beech DJ. Endothelial Piezo1 sustains muscle capillary density and contributes to physical activity. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:141775. [PMID: 35025768 PMCID: PMC8884896 DOI: 10.1172/jci141775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Piezo1 forms mechanically activated nonselective cation channels that contribute to endothelial response to fluid flow. Here we reveal an important role in the control of capillary density. Conditional endothelial cell-specific deletion of Piezo1 in adult mice depressed physical performance. Muscle microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis and capillary rarefaction were evident and sufficient to account for the effect on performance. There was selective upregulation of thrombospondin-2 (TSP2), an inducer of endothelial cell apoptosis, with no effect on TSP1, a related important player in muscle physiology. TSP2 was poorly expressed in muscle endothelial cells but robustly expressed in muscle pericytes, in which nitric oxide (NO) repressed the Tsp2 gene without an effect on Tsp1. In endothelial cells, Piezo1 was required for normal expression of endothelial NO synthase. The data suggest an endothelial cell-pericyte partnership of muscle in which endothelial Piezo1 senses blood flow to sustain capillary density and thereby maintain physical capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - T. Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Attwaters M, Hughes SM. Cellular and molecular pathways controlling muscle size in response to exercise. FEBS J 2022; 289:1428-1456. [PMID: 33755332 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
From the discovery of ATP and motor proteins to synaptic neurotransmitters and growth factor control of cell differentiation, skeletal muscle has provided an extreme model system in which to understand aspects of tissue function. Muscle is one of the few tissues that can undergo both increase and decrease in size during everyday life. Muscle size depends on its contractile activity, but the precise cellular and molecular pathway(s) by which the activity stimulus influences muscle size and strength remain unclear. Four correlates of muscle contraction could, in theory, regulate muscle growth: nerve-derived signals, cytoplasmic calcium dynamics, the rate of ATP consumption and physical force. Here, we summarise the evidence for and against each stimulus and what is known or remains unclear concerning their molecular signal transduction pathways and cellular effects. Skeletal muscle can grow in three ways, by generation of new syncytial fibres, addition of nuclei from muscle stem cells to existing fibres or increase in cytoplasmic volume/nucleus. Evidence suggests the latter two processes contribute to exercise-induced growth. Fibre growth requires increase in sarcolemmal surface area and cytoplasmic volume at different rates. It has long been known that high-force exercise is a particularly effective growth stimulus, but how this stimulus is sensed and drives coordinated growth that is appropriately scaled across organelles remains a mystery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Attwaters
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, UK
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