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Hanchapola HACR, Kim G, Liyanage DS, Omeka WKM, Udayantha HMV, Kodagoda YK, Dilshan MAH, Rodrigo DCG, Jayamali BPMV, Kim J, Jeong T, Lee S, Qiang W, Lee J. Molecular features, antiviral activity, and immunological expression assessment of interferon-related developmental regulator 1 (IFRD1) in red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:109859. [PMID: 39182708 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Interferon-related developmental regulator 1 (IFRD1) is a viral responsive gene associated with interferon-gamma. Herein, we identified the IFRD1 gene (EaIFRD1) from red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara), evaluated its transcriptional responses, and investigated its functional features using various biological assays. EaIFRD1 encodes a protein comprising 428 amino acids with a molecular mass of 48.22 kDa. It features a substantial domain belonging to the interferon-related developmental regulator superfamily. Spatial mRNA expression of EaIFRD1 demonstrated the highest expression levels in the brain and the lowest in the skin. Furthermore, EaIFRD1 mRNA expression in grouper tissues exhibited significant modulation in response to immune stimulants, including poly (I:C), LPS, and nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection. We analyzed downstream gene regulation by examining type Ⅰ interferon pathway genes following EaIFRD1 overexpression. The results demonstrated a significant upregulation in cells overexpressing EaIFRD1 compared to the control after infection with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). A subcellular localization assay confirmed the nuclear location of the EaIFRD1 protein, consistent with its role as a transcriptional coactivator. Cells overexpressing EaIFRD1 exhibited increased migratory activity, enhancing wound-healing capabilities compared to the control. Additionally, under H2O2 exposure, EaIFRD1 overexpression protected cells against oxidative stress. Overexpression of EaIFRD1 also reduced poly (I:C)-mediated NO production in RAW267.4 macrophage cells. In FHM cells, EaIFRD1 overexpression significantly reduced VHSV virion replication. Collectively, these findings suggest that EaIFRD1 plays a crucial role in the antiviral immune response and immunological regulation in E. akaara.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A C R Hanchapola
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - H M V Udayantha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Y K Kodagoda
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - M A H Dilshan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D C G Rodrigo
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - B P M Vileka Jayamali
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Joungeun Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyug Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoung Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Qiang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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Zhu J, Liu G, Sayyad Z, Goins CM, Stauffer SR, Gack MU. ISGylation of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein by HERC5 impedes N oligomerization and thereby viral RNA synthesis. J Virol 2024; 98:e0086924. [PMID: 39194248 PMCID: PMC11406920 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00869-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), a ubiquitin-like protein, is covalently conjugated to host immune proteins such as MDA5 and IRF3 in a process called ISGylation, thereby promoting type I IFN induction to limit the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, whether SARS-CoV-2 proteins can be directly targeted for ISGylation remains elusive. In this study, we identified the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 as a major substrate of ISGylation catalyzed by the host E3 ligase HERC5; however, N ISGylation is readily removed through deISGylation by the papain-like protease (PLpro) activity of NSP3. Mass spectrometry analysis identified that the N protein undergoes ISGylation at four lysine residues (K266, K355, K387, and K388), and mutational analysis of these sites in the context of a SARS-CoV-2 replicon (N-4KR) abolished N ISGylation and alleviated ISGylation-mediated inhibition of viral RNA synthesis. Furthermore, our results indicated that HERC5 targets preferentially phosphorylated N protein for ISGylation to regulate its oligomeric assembly. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which the host ISGylation machinery directly targets SARS-CoV-2 proteins to restrict viral replication and illuminate how an intricate interplay of host (HERC5) and viral (PLpro) enzymes coordinates viral protein ISGylation and thereby regulates virus replication.IMPORTANCEThe role of protein ISGylation in regulating host cellular processes has been studied extensively; however, how ISG15 conjugation influences the activity of viral proteins, particularly coronaviral proteins, is largely unknown. Our study uncovered that the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is ISGylated by the HERC5 ISGylation machinery and that this modification impedes the functional assembly of N into oligomers ultimately inhibiting viral RNA synthesis. This antiviral restriction mechanism is antagonized by the PLpro deISGylation activity of SARS-CoV-2 NSP3. This study deepens our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 protein regulation by posttranslational modifications and may open new avenues for designing antiviral strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Zhu
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - GuanQun Liu
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zuberwasim Sayyad
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher M Goins
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michaela U Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
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Rhamadianti AF, Abe T, Tanaka T, Ono C, Katayama H, Makino Y, Deng L, Matsui C, Moriishi K, Shima F, Matsuura Y, Shoji I. SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibits ISGylation of the viral nucleocapsid protein to evade host anti-viral immunity. J Virol 2024; 98:e0085524. [PMID: 39120134 PMCID: PMC11406913 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00855-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes mild-to-severe respiratory symptoms, including acute respiratory distress. Despite remarkable efforts to investigate the virological and pathological impacts of SARS-CoV-2, many of the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection still remain unknown. The interferon-inducible ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 is covalently conjugated to several viral proteins to suppress their functions. It was reported that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes its papain-like protease (PLpro) to impede ISG15 conjugation, ISGylation. However, the role of ISGylation in SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the role of ISGylation in SARS-CoV-2 replication. We observed that the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein is a target protein for the HERC5 E3 ligase-mediated ISGylation in cultured cells. Site-directed mutagenesis reveals that the residue K374 within the C-terminal spacer B-N3 (SB/N3) domain is required for nucleocapsid-ISGylation, alongside conserved lysine residue in MERS-CoV (K372) and SARS-CoV (K375). We also observed that the nucleocapsid-ISGylation results in the disruption of nucleocapsid oligomerization, thereby inhibiting viral replication. Knockdown of ISG15 mRNA enhanced SARS-CoV-2 replication in the SARS-CoV-2 reporter replicon cells, while exogenous expression of ISGylation components partially hampered SARS-CoV-2 replication. Taken together, these results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibits ISGylation of the nucleocapsid protein to promote viral replication by evading ISGylation-mediated disruption of the nucleocapsid oligomerization.IMPORTANCEISG15 is an interferon-inducible ubiquitin-like protein that is covalently conjugated to the viral protein via specific Lys residues and suppresses viral functions and viral propagation in many viruses. However, the role of ISGylation in SARS-CoV-2 infection remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein is a target protein for the HERC5 E3 ligase-mediated ISGylation. We also found that the residue K374 within the C-terminal spacer B-N3 (SB/N3) domain is required for nucleocapsid-ISGylation. We obtained evidence suggesting that nucleocapsid-ISGylation results in the disruption of nucleocapsid-oligomerization, thereby suppressing SARS-CoV-2 replication. We discovered that SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibits ISG15 conjugation of nucleocapsid protein via its de-conjugating enzyme activity. The present study may contribute to gaining new insight into the roles of ISGylation-mediated anti-viral function in SARS-CoV-2 infection and may lead to the development of more potent and selective inhibitors targeted to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aulia Fitri Rhamadianti
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Takayuki Abe
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Virology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Tanaka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Division of Hepatitis Virology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chikako Ono
- Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Katayama
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Makino
- Drug Discovery Science, Division of Advanced Medical Science, Department of Science, Technology and Innovation, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Center for Cell Signaling and Medical Innovation, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Lin Deng
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chieko Matsui
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Division of Hepatitis Virology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fumi Shima
- Drug Discovery Science, Division of Advanced Medical Science, Department of Science, Technology and Innovation, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuo Shoji
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Pessoa Rodrigues C, Collins JM, Yang S, Martinez C, Kim JW, Lama C, Nam AS, Alt C, Lin C, Zon LI. Transcripts of repetitive DNA elements signal to block phagocytosis of hematopoietic stem cells. Science 2024; 385:eadn1629. [PMID: 39264994 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages maintain hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quality by assessing cell surface Calreticulin (Calr), an "eat-me" signal induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using zebrafish genetics, we identified Beta-2-microglobulin (B2m) as a crucial "don't eat-me" signal on blood stem cells. A chemical screen revealed inducers of surface Calr that promoted HSC proliferation without triggering ROS or macrophage clearance. Whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screening showed that Toll-like receptor 3 (Tlr3) signaling regulated b2m expression. Targeting b2m or tlr3 reduced the HSC clonality. Elevated B2m levels correlated with high expression of repetitive element (RE) transcripts. Overall, our data suggest that RE-associated double-stranded RNA could interact with TLR3 to stimulate surface expression of B2m on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. These findings suggest that the balance of Calr and B2m regulates macrophage-HSC interactions and defines hematopoietic clonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pessoa Rodrigues
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph M Collins
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Song Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Martinez
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ji Wook Kim
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chhiring Lama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna S Nam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clemens Alt
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Mass General Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Lin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Mass General Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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5
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Sun L, Huang K, Huang X. Establishment of a STING-Deficient HepG2 Cell Line through CRISPR/Cas9 System and Evaluation of Its Effects on Salmonella Replication. J Pathog 2024; 2024:9615181. [PMID: 39301082 PMCID: PMC11412752 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9615181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium) is a common food-borne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and can lead to life-threatening systemic disease when it spreads to vital organs, such as the liver. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a crucial regulator of the host's innate immune response to viral infections, while its role in bacterial infections remains controversial. This study aims to establish a STING-deficient HepG2 cell line through the CRISPR/Cas9 system and evaluate its effects on Salmonella replication. Methods In this study, a STING knockout HepG2 cell line was constructed through the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We assessed cell viability and proliferation using the CCK-8 assay. Subsequently, we investigated the effect of STING deletion on Salmonella replication and the expression of type I interferon-related genes. Results The STING knockout HepG2 cell line was successfully constructed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The proliferation capability was diminished in STING-deficient HepG2 cells, while Salmonella Typhimurium replication in these cells was augmented compared to the wild-type (WT) group. Following Salmonella infection, the transcriptional responses of type I interferon-related genes, such as IFNB1 and ISG15, were inhibited in STING-deficient HepG2 cells. Conclusions We successfully constructed a STING-deficient cell line. Our finding of increased Salmonella Typhimurium replication in STING-deficient HepG2 cells provides the basis for further studies on pathogen-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqing Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Orthopaedic Institute Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Kerti L, Frecer V. Design of inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease deriving from GRL0617: Structure-activity relationships. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 113:117909. [PMID: 39288705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The unique and complex structure of papain-like protease (PLpro) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus represents a difficult challenge for antiviral development, yet it offers a compelling validated target for effective therapy of COVID-19. The surge in scientific interest in inhibiting this cysteine protease emerged after its demonstrated connection to the cytokine storm in patients with COVID-19 disease. Furthermore, the development of new inhibitors against PLpro may also be beneficial for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by emerging coronavirus variants of concern. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of PLpro inhibitors, focusing on the structural framework of the known inhibitor GRL0617 and its analogs. We categorize PLpro inhibitors on the basis of their structures and binding site: Glu167 containing site, BL2 groove, Val70Ub site, and Cys111 containing catalytic site. We summarize and evaluate the majority of GRL0617-like inhibitors synthesized so far, highlighting their published biochemical parameters, which reflect their efficacy. Published research has shown that strategic modifications to GRL0617, such as decorating the naphthalene ring, extending the aromatic amino group or the orthomethyl group, can substantially decrease the IC50 from micromolar up to nanomolar concentration range. Some advantageous modifications significantly enhance inhibitory activity, paving the way for the development of new potent compounds. Our review places special emphasis on structures that involve direct modifications to the GRL0617 scaffold, including piperidine carboxamides and modified benzylmethylnaphthylethanamines (Jun9 scaffold). All these compounds are believed to inhibit the proteolytic, deubiquitination, and deISGylation activity of PLpro, biochemical processes linked to the severe progression of COVID-19. Finally, we summarize the development efforts for SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibitors, in detailed structure-activity relationships diagrams. This aims to inform and inspire future research in the search for potent antiviral agents against PLpro of current and emerging coronavirus threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kerti
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Frecer
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Shen B, Xu J, Chen L, Zhang J. Characterization of interferon-stimulated gene 15 from Bostrychus sinensis: Cloning, expression and functional analyses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 154:109887. [PMID: 39245188 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the interferon-stimulated gene 15 (referred to as BsISG15) was sequenced and characterized in Bostrychus sinensis. BsISG15 encodes a 155-amino-acid protein weighing ∼17 kDa, featuring two conserved ubiquitin-like domains and an LRGG conjugation motif at the C-terminal. The real-time PCR assays revealed constitutive expression of the BsISG15 gene in all examined organs of healthy B. sinensis, with the peripheral blood showing the highest level of expression. The expression levels of the BsISG15 gene in the head kidney, liver, spleen, and peripheral blood of B. sinensis were significantly altered by both poly (I:C) stimulation and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Western blot analyses showed that the expression of the BsISG15 protein was induced in both the liver and spleen of B. sinensis infected with either poly (I:C) or bacteria, with a concomitant increase in the levels of protein ISGylation, particularly evident in the bacterial-infected liver tissues. Besides, Western blot analyses have demonstrated that head kidney lymphocytes of B. sinensis are capable of secreting the free BsISG15 protein. The recombinant BsISG15 protein significantly increased the production of reactive oxygen species, synthesis of NO, and phagocytosis in macrophages from B. sinensis and also upregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes (IFNg, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) in these cells. Knockdown of endogenous BsISG15 elevated the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, suggesting a negative regulation of BsISG15 on the inflammatory response in macrophages. The results indicate that BsISG15 plays a significant role in the innate antiviral and antibacterial immunity of B. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Linjie Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China.
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8
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Liang JJ, Pitsillou E, Lau HLY, Mccubbery CP, Gan H, Hung A, Karagiannis TC. Utilization of the EpiMed Coronabank Chemical Collection to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 antivirals: in silico studies targeting the nsp14 ExoN domain and PL pro naphthalene binding site. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 131:108803. [PMID: 38815531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome encodes 29 proteins including four structural, 16 nonstructural (nsps), and nine accessory proteins (https://epimedlab.org/sars-cov-2-proteome/). Many of these proteins contain potential targetable sites for the development of antivirals. Despite the widespread use of vaccinations, the emergence of variants necessitates the investigation of new therapeutics and antivirals. Here, the EpiMed Coronabank Chemical Collection (https://epimedlab.org/crl/) was utilized to investigate potential antivirals against the nsp14 exoribonuclease (ExoN) domain. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the binding characteristics of our chemical library against the nsp14 ExoN site. Based on the initial screen, trisjuglone, ararobinol, corilagin, and naphthofluorescein were identified as potential lead compounds. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were subsequently performed, with the results highlighting the stability of the lead compounds in the nsp14 ExoN site. Protein-RNA docking revealed the potential for the lead compounds to disrupt the interaction with RNA when bound to the ExoN site. Moreover, hypericin, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and rutin were previously identified as lead compounds targeting the papain-like protease (PLpro) naphthalene binding site. Through performing MD simulations, the stability and interactions of lead compounds with PLpro were further examined. Overall, given the critical role of the exonuclease activity of nsp14 in ensuring viral fidelity and the multifunctional role of PLpro in viral pathobiology and replication, these nsps represent important targets for antiviral drug development. Our databases can be utilized for in silico studies, such as the ones performed here, and this approach can be applied to other potentially druggable SARS-CoV-2 protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Liang
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia; School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia; Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Eleni Pitsillou
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia; School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Hannah L Y Lau
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Cian P Mccubbery
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hockxuen Gan
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Tom C Karagiannis
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED Polytechnic, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia; Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Prahran, VIC, 3004, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Bolinger AA, Li J, Xie X, Li H, Zhou J. Lessons learnt from broad-spectrum coronavirus antiviral drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:1023-1041. [PMID: 39078037 PMCID: PMC11390334 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2385598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Highly pathogenic coronaviruses (CoVs), such as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), and the most recent SARS-CoV-2 responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, pose significant threats to human populations over the past two decades. These CoVs have caused a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe distress syndromes (ARDS), resulting in high morbidity and mortality. AREAS COVERED The accelerated advancements in antiviral drug discovery, spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic, have shed new light on the imperative to develop treatments effective against a broad spectrum of CoVs. This perspective discusses strategies and lessons learnt in targeting viral non-structural proteins, structural proteins, drug repurposing, and combinational approaches for the development of antivirals against CoVs. EXPERT OPINION Drawing lessons from the pandemic, it becomes evident that the absence of efficient broad-spectrum antiviral drugs increases the vulnerability of public health systems to the potential onslaught by highly pathogenic CoVs. The rapid and sustained spread of novel CoVs can have devastating consequences without effective and specifically targeted treatments. Prioritizing the effective development of broad-spectrum antivirals is imperative for bolstering the resilience of public health systems and mitigating the potential impact of future highly pathogenic CoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Bolinger
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xuping Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Sealy Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Hongmin Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Sealy Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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10
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Smout JL, Bain MM, McLaughlin M, Elmer KR. Common lizard primary oviduct cell culture: A model system for the genetic and cellular basis of oviparity and viviparity. Exp Cell Res 2024; 442:114196. [PMID: 39117090 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Reproduction by egg-laying (oviparity) or live-bearing (viviparity) is a genetically determined trait fundamental to the biology of amniotes. Squamates are an emerging model for the genetics of reproductive mode yet lack cell culture models valuable for exploring molecular mechanisms. Here, we report a novel primary culture model for reproductive biology: cell cultures derived from the oviduct tissues (infundibulum, uterus and vagina) of oviparous and viviparous common lizards (Lacertidae: Zootoca vivipara). We maintained and expanded these cultures for over 100 days, including repeated subculturing and successful revival of cryopreserved cells. Immunocytochemical investigation suggested expression of both epithelial and fibroblast-like proteins, and RNA sequencing of cultured cells as compared to in vivo oviduct tissue showed changes in gene expression in response to the cell culture environment. Despite this, we confirmed the maintenance of distinct gene expression patterns in viviparous and oviparous cells after 60+ days of cell culture, finding 354 differentially expressed genes between viviparous and oviparous cells. Furthermore, we confirmed the expression of 15 viviparity-associated candidate genes in cells maintained for 60+ days in culture. Our study demonstrates the feasibility and utility of oviduct cell culture for molecular analysis of reproductive mode and provides a tool for future genetic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Laurence Smout
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Maureen M Bain
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Kathryn R Elmer
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8QQ, UK.
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11
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Zheng Y, Jiang D, Sui C, Wu X, Hu Y, Lee C, Cong X, Li J, Lu Y, Wang Z, Du Y, Qi J, Huang J. PRRSV NSP1α degrades TRIM25 through proteasome system to inhibit host antiviral immune response. Vet Microbiol 2024; 296:110173. [PMID: 38971119 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is the most economically significant disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Type I interferon (IFN) induces a large number of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression to inhibit PRRSV infection. To survive in the host, PRRSV has evolved multiple strategies to antagonize host innate immune response. Previous studies have reported that PRRSV N protein decreases the expression of TRIM25 and TRIM25-mediated RIG-I ubiquitination to suppress IFN-β production. However, whether other PRRSV proteins inhibit the antiviral function of TRIM25 is less well understood. In this study, we first found that PRRSV NSP1α decreased ISGylation of TRIM25. Meanwhile, NSP1α significantly suppressed TRIM25-mediated IFN-β production to promote PRRSV replication. Further studies demonstrated that PRRSV NSP1α reduced the protein level of TRIM25 in proteasome system but did not regulate the transcription level of TRIM25. In addition, the function of NSP1α in TRIM25 degradation did not rely on its papain-like cysteine protease activity. Taken together, PRRSV NSP1α antagonizes the antiviral response of TRIM25 by mediating TRIM25 degradation to promote PRRSV replication. Our data identify TRIM25 as a natural target of PRRSV NSP1α and reveal a novel mechanism that PRRSV induces TRIM25 degradation and inhibits host antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chao Sui
- Laboratory Animal Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiangju Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Changhee Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoyan Cong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Juntong Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zhao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250118, China.
| | - Yijun Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Jing Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding/Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Juan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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12
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Rezapour M, Niazi MKK, Lu H, Narayanan A, Gurcan MN. Machine learning-based analysis of Ebola virus' impact on gene expression in nonhuman primates. Front Artif Intell 2024; 7:1405332. [PMID: 39282474 PMCID: PMC11392916 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1405332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study introduces the Supervised Magnitude-Altitude Scoring (SMAS) methodology, a novel machine learning-based approach for analyzing gene expression data from non-human primates (NHPs) infected with Ebola virus (EBOV). By focusing on host-pathogen interactions, this research aims to enhance the understanding and identification of critical biomarkers for Ebola infection. Methods We utilized a comprehensive dataset of NanoString gene expression profiles from Ebola-infected NHPs. The SMAS system combines gene selection based on both statistical significance and expression changes. Employing linear classifiers such as logistic regression, the method facilitates precise differentiation between RT-qPCR positive and negative NHP samples. Results The application of SMAS led to the identification of IFI6 and IFI27 as key biomarkers, which demonstrated perfect predictive performance with 100% accuracy and optimal Area Under the Curve (AUC) metrics in classifying various stages of Ebola infection. Additionally, genes including MX1, OAS1, and ISG15 were significantly upregulated, underscoring their vital roles in the immune response to EBOV. Discussion Gene Ontology (GO) analysis further elucidated the involvement of these genes in critical biological processes and immune response pathways, reinforcing their significance in Ebola pathogenesis. Our findings highlight the efficacy of the SMAS methodology in revealing complex genetic interactions and response mechanisms, which are essential for advancing the development of diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into EBOV pathogenesis, demonstrating the potential of SMAS to enhance the precision of diagnostics and interventions for Ebola and other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Rezapour
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Muhammad Khalid Khan Niazi
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Hao Lu
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Metin Nafi Gurcan
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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13
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Kim S, Jeon JH, Kim M, Lee Y, Hwang YH, Park M, Li CH, Lee T, Lee JA, Kim YM, Kim D, Lee H, Kim YJ, Kim VN, Park JE, Yeo J. Innate immune responses against mRNA vaccine promote cellular immunity through IFN-β at the injection site. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7226. [PMID: 39191748 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have revolutionized vaccine development, but their immunological mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we investigate injection site responses of mRNA vaccines by generating a comprehensive single-cell transcriptome profile upon lipid nanoparticle (LNP) or LNP-mRNA challenge in female BALB/c mice. We show that LNP-induced stromal pro-inflammatory responses and mRNA-elicited type I interferon responses dominate the initial injection site responses. By tracking the fate of delivered mRNA, we discover that injection site fibroblasts are highly enriched with the delivered mRNA and that they express IFN-β specifically in response to the mRNA component, not to the LNP component of mRNA vaccines. Moreover, the mRNA-LNP, but not LNP alone, induces migratory dendritic cells highly expressing IFN-stimulated genes (mDC_ISGs) at the injection site and draining lymph nodes. When co-injected with LNP-subunit vaccine, IFN-β induces mDC_ISGs at the injection site, and importantly, it substantially enhances antigen-specific cellular immune responses. Furthermore, blocking IFN-β signaling at the injection site significantly decreases mRNA vaccine-induced cellular immune responses. Collectively, these data highlight the importance of injection site fibroblasts and IFN-β signaling during early immune responses against the mRNA vaccine and provide detailed information on the initial chain of immune reactions elicited by mRNA vaccine injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongryong Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyang Jeon
- Division of Infectious Disease Vaccine Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeonghwan Kim
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University; Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Hwang
- Division of Infectious Disease Vaccine Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Han Li
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease Vaccine Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease Vaccine Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Me Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokeun Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease Vaccine Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University; Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease Vaccine Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - V Narry Kim
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinah Yeo
- Division of Infectious Disease Vaccine Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, Republic of Korea.
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Wu X, Yang Y, Ru Y, Hao R, Zhao D, Ren R, Lu B, Li Y, Sun S, Zheng H, Wang W. Knockout of the WD40 domain of ATG16L1 enhances foot and mouth disease virus replication. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:796. [PMID: 39179961 PMCID: PMC11342673 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The WD40 domain is one of the most abundant domains and is among the top interacting domains in eukaryotic genomes. The WD40 domain of ATG16L1 is essential for LC3 recruitment to endolysosomal membranes during non-canonical autophagy, but dispensable for canonical autophagy. Canonical autophagy was utilized by FMDV, while the relationship between FMDV and non-canonical autophagy is still elusive. In the present study, WD40 knockout (KO) PK15 cells were successfully generated via CRISPR/cas9 technology as a tool for studying the effect of non-canonical autophagy on FMDV replication. The results of growth curve analysis, morphological observation and karyotype analysis showed that the WD40 knockout cell line was stable in terms of growth and morphological characteristics. After infection with FMDV, the expression of viral protein, viral titers, and the number of copies of viral RNA in the WD40-KO cells were significantly greater than those in the wild-type PK15 cells. Moreover, RNA‒seq technology was used to sequence WD40-KO cells and wild-type cells infected or uninfected with FMDV. Differentially expressed factors such as Mx1, RSAD2, IFIT1, IRF9, IFITM3, GBP1, CXCL8, CCL5, TNFRSF17 were significantly enriched in the autophagy, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and TNF signaling pathway, etc. The expression levels of differentially expressed genes were detected via qRT‒PCR, which was consistent with the RNA‒seq data. Here, we experimentally demonstrate for the first time that knockout of the WD40 domain of ATG16L1 enhances FMDV replication by downregulation innate immune factors. In addition, this result also indicates non-canonical autophagy inhibits FMDV replication. In total, our results play an essential role in regulating the replication level of FMDV and providing new insights into virus-host interactions and potential antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Rongzeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Ruifang Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Bingzhou Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yajun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Shengzhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Wenhui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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15
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Sun JT, Pan CL, Mao YH, Wang Z, Sun JL, Zhang XX, Yang Y, Wei ZT, Xu YD. Exploring the protective effect and mechanism of icariside II on the bladder in a rat model of radiation cystitis based on transcriptome sequencing. Int J Radiat Biol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39166981 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2386982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation cystitis (RC) is a complex and common complication after radiotherapy for pelvic cancer. Icariside II (ICAII) is a flavonoid compound extracted from Epimedium, a traditional Chinese medicine, with various pharmacological activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cysto-protective effects of ICAII in RC rats and its possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat model of induced radiation cystitis using pelvic X-ray irradiation was used, and bladder function was assessed by bladder volume and bladder leakage point pressure (LPP) after ICAII treatment. HE and Masson stains were used to assess the histopathological changes in the bladder. IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-4 and IL-1β were measured by ELISA to assess the level of inflammation. The gene-level changes in ICAII-treated RC were observed by transcriptome sequencing, and then the potential targets of action and biological mechanisms were explored by PPI, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes. Finally, the predicted targets of action were experimentally validated using immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, molecular docking and CETSA. RESULTS ICAII significantly increased bladder volume and the LPP, ameliorated pathological damage to bladder tissues, decreased the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and increased the levels of IL-10 and IL-4 in radiation-injured rats. A total of 90 differentially expressed genes were obtained by transcriptome sequencing, and PPI analysis identified H3F3C, ISG15, SPP1, and LCN2 as possible potential targets of action. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that these differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the pathways metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, arachidonic acid metabolism, Staphylococcus aureus infection and chemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species. Experimental validation showed that ICAII could significantly increase the expression of H3F3C and ISG15 and inhibit the expression of SPP1 and LCN2. ICAII binds well to H3F3C, ISG15, SPP1 and LCN2, with the best binding ability to H3F3C. Furthermore, ICAII inhibited the protein degradation of H3F3C in bladder epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS ICAII may alleviate the bladder inflammatory response and inhibit the fibrosis process of bladder tissues through the regulation of H3F3C, ISG15, SPP1, and LCN2 targets and has a protective effect on the bladder of radioinjured rats. In particular, H3F3C may be one of the most promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tao Sun
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chen-Li Pan
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yin-Hui Mao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ji-Lei Sun
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | | | - Yong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Wei
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-De Xu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Madaan V, Kollara A, Spaner D, Brown TJ. ISGylation enhances dsRNA-induced interferon response and NFκB signaling in fallopian tube epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107686. [PMID: 39159817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Heritable mutations in BRCA1 associate with increased risk of high-grade serous tubo-ovarian cancer. Nongenetic risk factors associated with this cancer, which arises from fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells, suggests a role for repetitive ovulation wherein FTE cells are exposed to inflammatory signaling molecules within follicular fluid. We previously reported increased NFκB and EGFR signaling in BRCA1-deficient primary FTE cells, with follicular fluid exposure further increasing abundance of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) transcripts, including the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 and other ISGylation pathway members. Both NFκB and type I interferon signaling are upregulated by stimulation of cGAS-STING or MDA5 and RIGI pattern recognition receptors. Since some pattern recognition receptors and their signal transduction pathway members are ISGylated, we tested the impact of ISG15 and ISGylation on interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NFκB signaling through cGAS-STING or RIGI and MDA5 activation. Expression of ISG15 or UBA7, the E1-like ISG15-activating enzyme, in immortalized FTE cells was disrupted by CRISPR gene editing. Activation of IRF3 by RIGI or MDA5 but not cGAS-STING was attenuated by loss of either ISG15 or UBA7 and this was reflected by a similar effect on NFκB activation and downstream targets. Loss of ISGylation decreased levels of both MDA5 and RIGI, with knockdown of RIGI but not MDA5, decreasing IRF3 and NFκB activation in parental cells. These finding indicate that ISGylation enhances the ability of dsRNA to activate cytokine release and proinflammatory signaling. Further work to explore ISGylation as a target for prevention of high-grade serous tubo-ovarian cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidushi Madaan
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Kollara
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Spaner
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theodore J Brown
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Miller LG, Chiok K, Mariasoosai C, Mohanty I, Pandit S, Deol P, Mehari L, Teng MN, Haas AL, Natesan S, Miura TA, Bose S. Extracellular ISG15 triggers ISGylation via a type-I interferon independent non-canonical mechanism to regulate host response during virus infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.05.602290. [PMID: 39026703 PMCID: PMC11257485 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.05.602290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Type-I interferons (IFN) induce cellular proteins with antiviral activity. One such protein is Interferon Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15). ISG15 is conjugated to proteins during ISGylation to confer antiviral activity and regulate cellular activities associated with inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Apart from ISGylation, unconjugated free ISG15 is also released from cells during various conditions, including virus infection. The role of extracellular ISG15 during virus infection was unknown. We show that extracellular ISG15 triggers ISGylation and acts as a soluble antiviral factor to restrict virus infection via an IFN-independent mechanism. Specifically, extracellular ISG15 acts post-translationally to markedly enhance the stability of basal intracellular ISG15 protein levels to support ISGylation. Furthermore, extracellular ISG15 interacts with cell surface integrin (α5β1 integrins) molecules via its RGD-like motif to activate the integrin-FAK (Focal Adhesion Kinase) pathway resulting in IFN-independent ISGylation. Thus, our studies have identified extracellular ISG15 protein as a new soluble antiviral factor that confers IFN-independent non-canonical ISGylation via the integrin-FAK pathway by post-translational stabilization of intracellular ISG15 protein.
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Moezpoor MR, Stevenson M. Help or Hinder: Protein Host Factors That Impact HIV-1 Replication. Viruses 2024; 16:1281. [PMID: 39205255 PMCID: PMC11360189 DOI: 10.3390/v16081281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the host factors or restriction factors of its target cells determine the cell's susceptibility to, and outcome of, infection. Factors intrinsic to the cell are involved at every step of the HIV-1 replication cycle, contributing to productive infection and replication, or severely attenuating the chances of success. Furthermore, factors unique to certain cell types contribute to the differences in infection between these cell types. Understanding the involvement of these factors in HIV-1 infection is a key requirement for the development of anti-HIV-1 therapies. As the list of factors grows, and the dynamic interactions between these factors and the virus are elucidated, comprehensive and up-to-date summaries that recount the knowledge gathered after decades of research are beneficial to the field, displaying what is known so that researchers can build off the groundwork of others to investigate what is unknown. Herein, we aim to provide a review focusing on protein host factors, both well-known and relatively new, that impact HIV-1 replication in a positive or negative manner at each stage of the replication cycle, highlighting factors unique to the various HIV-1 target cell types where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rameen Moezpoor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mario Stevenson
- Raymond F. Schinazi and Family Endowed Chair in Biomedicine; Professor of Medicine; Director, Institute of AIDS and Emerging Infectious Diseases; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Life Science Technology Park, 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Room 2331B, Suite 200, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
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19
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Nayak BN, Palanisamy P, Venkataraman S, Subbiah M. A time series transcriptome profiling of host cell responses to Newcastle disease virus infection. Arch Virol 2024; 169:175. [PMID: 39117748 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, causes major economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. NDV strains are classified as avirulent, moderately virulent, or virulent according to the severity of the disease they cause. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of virus-host interactions, we conducted Illumina HiSeq-based RNA-Seq analysis on chicken embryo fibroblast (DF1) cells during the first 24 hours of infection with NDV strain Komarov. Comparative analysis of uninfected DF1 cells versus NDV-infected DF1 cells at 6, 12, and 24 h postinfection identified 462, 459, and 410 differentially expressed genes, respectively. The findings revealed an increase in the expression of genes linked to the MAPK signalling pathway in the initial stages of NDV infection. This overexpression potentially aids viral multiplication while hindering pathogen detection and subsequent immune responses from the host. Our findings provide initial insights into the early responses of DF1 cells to NDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nagaraj Nayak
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Graduate studies, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Madhuri Subbiah
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
- Adjunct Faculty, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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20
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Taylor A, Amporndanai K, Rietz TA, Zhao B, Thiruvaipati A, Wei Q, South TM, Crow MM, Apakama C, Sensintaffar JL, Phan J, Lee T, Fesik SW. Fragment-Based Screen of SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease (PL pro). ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1351-1357. [PMID: 39140055 PMCID: PMC11318101 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses have been responsible for numerous viral outbreaks in the past two decades due to the high transmission rate of this family of viruses. The deadliest outbreak is the recent Covid-19 pandemic, which resulted in over 7 million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLPro) plays a key role in both viral replication and host immune suppression and is highly conserved across the coronavirus family, making it an ideal drug target. Herein we describe a fragment-based screen against PLPro using protein-observed NMR experiments, identifying 77 hit fragments. Analyses of NMR perturbation patterns and X-ray cocrystallized structures reveal fragments bind to two distinct regions of the protein. Importantly none of the fragments identified belong to the same chemical class as the few reported inhibitors, allowing for the discovery of a novel class of PLPro inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley
J. Taylor
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Kangsa Amporndanai
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Tyson A. Rietz
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Anusha Thiruvaipati
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Qiangqiang Wei
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Taylor M. South
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Mackenzie M. Crow
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Chideraa Apakama
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - John L. Sensintaffar
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Jason Phan
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Taekyu Lee
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Stephen W. Fesik
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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21
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Zhang C, Liu X, Gu C, Su Y, Lv J, Liu Y, Gao Y, Chen H, Xu N, Xiao J, Xu Z, Su W. Histone deacetylases facilitate Th17-cell differentiation and pathogenicity in autoimmune uveitis via CDK6/ID2 axis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00313-8. [PMID: 39107200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune uveitis (AU) is a prevalent ocular autoimmune disease leading to significant visual impairment. However, underlying pathogenesis of AU required to develop more efficient therapy remain unclear. METHODS We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AU patients and performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Besides, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) model was established and treated with histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) Belinostat or vehicle. We extracted immune cells from Blank, EAU, and HDACi-treated EAU mice and used scRNA-seq, flow cytometry, siRNA, specific inhibitors, and adoptive transfer experiments to explore the role of HDACs and its downstream potential molecular mechanisms in the immune response of EAU and AU. RESULTS We found highly expressed histone deacetylases (HDACs) family in AU patients and identified it as a key factor related to CD4+ effector T cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of AU. Our further studies showed that targeted inhibition of HDACs effectively alleviated EAU, restored its Th17/Treg balance, and reduced inflammatory gene expression, especially in CD4+ T cells. Post-HDACs inhibition, Treg proportions increased with enhanced immunomodulatory effects. Importantly, HDACs exhibited a positive promoting role on Th17 cells. Based on scRNA-seq screening and application of knock-down siRNAs and specific inhibitors in vitro and vivo, we identified CDK6 as a key downstream molecule regulated by HDAC1/3/6 through acetyl-histone H3/p53/p21 axis, which is involved in Th17 pathogenicity and EAU development. Additionally, HDACs-regulated CDK6 formed a positive loop with ID2, inducing PIM1 upregulation, promoting Th17 cell differentiation and pathogenicity, and correlates with AU progression. CONCLUSION Based on the screening of clinical samples and downstream molecular functional validation experiments, we revealed a driving role for HDACs and the HDACs-regulated CDK6/ID2 axis in Th17 cell differentiation and pathogenicity in AU, proposing a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiuxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Chenyang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuhan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jianjie Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yidan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuehan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Nanwei Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Clinical Medicine (Eight-Year Program), West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhuping Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Wenru Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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22
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Huang CK, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Chen S, Chen L, Li L, Li T, Yan X, Chai D. RNF149 Destabilizes IFNGR1 in Macrophages to Favor Postinfarction Cardiac Repair. Circ Res 2024; 135:518-536. [PMID: 38989590 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage-driven inflammation critically involves in cardiac injury and repair following myocardial infarction (MI). However, the intrinsic mechanisms that halt the immune response of macrophages, which is critical to preserve homeostasis and effective infarct repair, remain to be fully defined. Here, we aimed to determine the ubiquitination-mediated regulatory effects on averting exaggerated inflammatory responses in cardiac macrophages. METHODS We used transcriptome analysis of mouse cardiac macrophages and bone marrow-derived macrophages to identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF149 (ring finger protein 149) as a modulator of macrophage response to MI. Employing loss-of-function methodologies, bone marrow transplantation approaches, and adenovirus-mediated RNF149 overexpression in macrophages, we elucidated the functional role of RNF149 in MI. We explored the underlying mechanisms through flow cytometry, transcriptome analysis, immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry analysis, and functional experiments. RNF149 expression was measured in the cardiac tissues of patients with acute MI and healthy controls. RESULTS RNF149 was highly expressed in murine and human cardiac macrophages at the early phase of MI. Knockout of RNF149, transplantation of Rnf149-/- bone marrow, and bone marrow macrophage-specific RNF149-knockdown markedly exacerbated cardiac dysfunction in murine MI models. Conversely, overexpression of RNF149 in macrophages attenuated the ischemia-induced decline in cardiac contractile function. RNF149 deletion increased infiltration of proinflammatory monocytes/macrophages, accompanied by a hastened decline in reparative subsets, leading to aggravation of myocardial apoptosis and impairment of infarct healing. Our data revealed that RNF149 in infiltrated macrophages restricted inflammation by promoting ubiquitylation-dependent proteasomal degradation of IFNGR1 (interferon gamma receptor 1). Loss of IFNGR1 rescued deleterious effects of RNF149 deficiency on MI. We further demonstrated that STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) activation induced Rnf149 transcription, which, in turn, destabilized the IFNGR1 protein to counteract type-II IFN (interferon) signaling, creating a feedback control mechanism to fine-tune macrophage-driven inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the significance of RNF149 as a molecular brake on macrophage response to MI and uncover a macrophage-intrinsic posttranslational mechanism essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and facilitating cardiac repair following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kai Huang
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (C.-K.H., Z.Z., S.C., L.C., D.C.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-K.H., Z.C., X.Y.)
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-K.H., Z.C., X.Y.)
| | - Zhongxing Zhou
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (C.-K.H., Z.Z., S.C., L.C., D.C.)
| | - Shuaijie Chen
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (C.-K.H., Z.Z., S.C., L.C., D.C.)
| | - Longqing Chen
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (C.-K.H., Z.Z., S.C., L.C., D.C.)
| | - Liliang Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (L.L.)
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondrial Metabolism and Perioperative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (T.L.)
| | - Xiaoxiang Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (C.-K.H., Z.C., X.Y.)
| | - Dajun Chai
- Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (C.-K.H., Z.Z., S.C., L.C., D.C.)
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23
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Liu X, Zheng M, Zhang H, Feng B, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhao N, Li C, Song N, Song B, Yang D, Chen J, Qi A, Zhao L, Luo C, Zang Y, Liu H, Li J, Zhang B, Zhou Y, Zheng J. Characterization and noncovalent inhibition of the K63-deubiquitinase activity of SARS-cov-2 PLpro. Antiviral Res 2024; 228:105944. [PMID: 38914283 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) could facilitate viral replication and host immune evasion by respectively hydrolyzing viral polyprotein and host ubiquitin conjugates, thereby rendering itself as an important antiviral target. Yet few noncovalent PLpro inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported with improved directed towards pathogenic deubiquitinating activities inhibition. Herein, we report that coronavirus PLpro proteases have distinctive substrate bias and are conserved to deubiquitylate K63-linked polyubiquitination, thereby attenuating host type I interferon response. We identify a noncovalent compound specifically optimized towards halting the K63-deubiquitinase activity of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro, but not other coronavirus (CoV) counterparts or host deubiquitinase. Contrasting with GRL-0617, a SARS-CoV-1 PLpro inhibitor, SIMM-036 is 50-fold and 7-fold (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)) more potent to inhibit viral replication during SARS-CoV-2 infection and restore the host interferon-β (IFN-β) response in human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2)-HeLa cells, respectively. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis further reveals the importance of BL2 groove of PLpro, which could determine the selectivity of K63-deubiquitinase activity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Miao Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hongqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chaoqiang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ning Song
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bin Song
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dongyuan Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ao Qi
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi Zang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Shanghai Institute of Virology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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24
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Ringo RS, Choonnasard A, Okabayashi T, Saito A. Conserved Antagonization of Type I Interferon Signaling by Arterivirus GP5 Proteins. Viruses 2024; 16:1240. [PMID: 39205214 PMCID: PMC11358952 DOI: 10.3390/v16081240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Arteriviruses can establish persistent infections in animals such as equids, pigs, nonhuman primates, rodents, and possums. Some Arteriviruses can even cause overt and severe diseases such as Equine Arteritis in horses and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome in pigs, leading to huge economic losses. Arteriviruses have evolved viral proteins to antagonize the host cell's innate immune responses by inhibiting type I interferon (IFN) signaling, assisting viral evasion and persistent infection. So far, the role of the Arterivirus glycoprotein 5 (GP5) protein in IFN signaling inhibition remains unclear. Here, we investigated the inhibitory activity of 47 Arterivirus GP5 proteins derived from various hosts. We demonstrated that all GP5 proteins showed conserved activity for antagonizing TIR-domain-containing adapter proteins inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-mediated IFN-β signaling through TRIF degradation. In addition, Arterivirus GP5 proteins showed a conserved inhibitory activity against IFN-β signaling, induced by either pig or human TRIF. Furthermore, certain Arterivirus GP5 proteins could inhibit the induction of IFN-stimulated genes. These findings highlight the role of Arterivirus GP5 proteins in supporting persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rissar Siringo Ringo
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (R.S.R.); (A.C.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Amonrat Choonnasard
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (R.S.R.); (A.C.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (R.S.R.); (A.C.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (R.S.R.); (A.C.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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25
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Samrat SK, Kumar P, Liu Y, Chen K, Lee H, Li Z, Chen Y, Li H. An ISG15-Based High-Throughput Screening Assay for Identification and Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors Targeting Papain-like Protease. Viruses 2024; 16:1239. [PMID: 39205213 PMCID: PMC11359932 DOI: 10.3390/v16081239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Emergence of newer variants of SARS-CoV-2 underscores the need for effective antivirals to complement the vaccination program in managing COVID-19. The multi-functional papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is an essential viral protein that not only regulates the viral replication but also modulates the host immune system, making it a promising therapeutic target. To this end, we developed an in vitro interferon stimulating gene 15 (ISG15)-based Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay and screened the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Diversity Set VI compound library, which comprises 1584 small molecules. Subsequently, we assessed the PLpro enzymatic activity in the presence of screened molecules. We identified three potential PLpro inhibitors, namely, NSC338106, 651084, and 679525, with IC50 values in the range from 3.3 to 6.0 µM. These molecules demonstrated in vitro inhibition of the enzyme activity and exhibited antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, with EC50 values ranging from 0.4 to 4.6 µM. The molecular docking of all three small molecules to PLpro suggested their specificity towards the enzyme's active site. Overall, our study contributes promising prospects for further developing potential antivirals to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar Samrat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (P.K.); (Y.L.); (K.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (P.K.); (Y.L.); (K.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (P.K.); (Y.L.); (K.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (P.K.); (Y.L.); (K.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Biophysics Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (P.K.); (Y.L.); (K.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (P.K.); (Y.L.); (K.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Hongmin Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (P.K.); (Y.L.); (K.C.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science & College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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26
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Wu X, Go M, Nguyen JV, Kuchel NW, Lu BGC, Zeglinski K, Lowes KN, Calleja DJ, Mitchell JP, Lessene G, Komander D, Call ME, Call MJ. Mutational profiling of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease reveals requirements for function, structure, and drug escape. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6219. [PMID: 39043718 PMCID: PMC11266423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Papain-like protease (PLpro) is an attractive drug target for SARS-CoV-2 because it is essential for viral replication, cleaving viral poly-proteins pp1a and pp1ab, and has de-ubiquitylation and de-ISGylation activities, affecting innate immune responses. We employ Deep Mutational Scanning to evaluate the mutational effects on PLpro enzymatic activity and protein stability in mammalian cells. We confirm features of the active site and identify mutations in neighboring residues that alter activity. We characterize residues responsible for substrate binding and demonstrate that although residues in the blocking loop are remarkably tolerant to mutation, blocking loop flexibility is important for function. We additionally find a connected network of mutations affecting activity that extends far from the active site. We leverage our library to identify drug-escape variants to a common PLpro inhibitor scaffold and predict that plasticity in both the S4 pocket and blocking loop sequence should be considered during the drug design process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Margareta Go
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie V Nguyen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nathan W Kuchel
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bernadine G C Lu
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathleen Zeglinski
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kym N Lowes
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dale J Calleja
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey P Mitchell
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David Komander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew E Call
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa J Call
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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27
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Cui N, Liu C, Tang X, Song L, Xiao Z, Wang C, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Peng C, Liu Y, Zheng L, Liu X, Huang K, Chen H. ISG15 accelerates acute kidney injury and the subsequent AKI-to-CKD transition by promoting TGFβR1 ISGylation. Theranostics 2024; 14:4536-4553. [PMID: 39113797 PMCID: PMC11303071 DOI: 10.7150/thno.95796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Acute kidney injury (AKI) has substantial rates of mortality and morbidity, coupled with an absence of efficacious treatment options. AKI commonly transits into chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ultimately culminates in end-stage renal failure. The interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) level was upregulated in the kidneys of mice injured by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), cisplatin, or unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), however, its role in AKI development and subsequent AKI-to-CKD transition remains unknown. Methods: Isg15 knockout (Isg15 KO) mice challenged with bilateral or unilateral IRI, cisplatin, or UUO were used to investigate its role in AKI. We established cellular models with overexpression or knockout of ISG15 and subjected them to hypoxia-reoxygenation, cisplatin, or transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF-β1) stimulation. Renal RNA-seq data obtained from AKI models sourced from public databases and our studies, were utilized to examine the expression profiles of ISG15 and its associated genes. Additionally, published single cell RNA-seq data from human kidney allograft biopsies and mouse IRI model were analyzed to investigate the expression patterns of ISG15 and the type I TGF-β receptor (TGFβR1). Western blotting, qPCR, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemical staining assays were performed to validate our findings. Results: Alleviated pathological injury and renal function were observed in Isg15 KO mice with IRI-, cisplatin-, or UUO-induced AKI and the following AKI-to-CKD transition. In hypoxia-reoxygenation, cisplatin or TGF-β1 treated HK-2 cells, knockout ISG15 reduced stimulus-induced cell fibrosis, while overexpression of ISG15 with modification capacity exacerbated cell fibrosis. Immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that ISG15 promoted ISGylation of TGFβR1, and inhibited its ubiquitination. Moreover, knockout of TGFβR1 blocked ISG15's fibrosis-exacerbating effect in HK-2 cells, while overexpression of TGFβR1 abolished the renal protective effect of ISG15 knockout during IRI-induced kidney injury. Conclusions: ISG15 plays an important role in the development of AKI and subsequent AKI-to-CKD transition by promoting TGFβR1 ISGylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cui
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430030
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430000
| | - Xiang Tang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430030
| | - Liangliang Song
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430030
| | - Zixuan Xiao
- ISA Wenhua Wuhan High School, Fenglin Road, Junshan New Town, Wuhan Economics & Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430119
| | - Chen Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430030
| | - Yancai Wu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430030
| | - Yihao Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072
| | - Chentai Peng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430030
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072
| | - Ling Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430072
| | - Xinran Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430030
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430030
| | - Hong Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 430030
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28
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Leekha A, Saeedi A, Kumar M, Sefat KMSR, Martinez-Paniagua M, Meng H, Fathi M, Kulkarni R, Reichel K, Biswas S, Tsitoura D, Liu X, Cooper LJN, Sands CM, Das VE, Sebastian M, Hurst BL, Varadarajan N. An intranasal nanoparticle STING agonist protects against respiratory viruses in animal models. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6053. [PMID: 39025863 PMCID: PMC11258242 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the success of vaccines, vaccination efficacy is weakened by the rapid emergence of viral variants with immunoevasive properties. The development of an off-the-shelf, effective, and safe therapy against respiratory viral infections is thus desirable. Here, we develop NanoSTING, a nanoparticle formulation of the endogenous STING agonist, 2'-3' cGAMP, to function as an immune activator and demonstrate its safety in mice and rats. A single intranasal dose of NanoSTING protects against pathogenic strains of SARS-CoV-2 (alpha and delta VOC) in hamsters. In transmission experiments, NanoSTING reduces the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VOC to naïve hamsters. NanoSTING also protects against oseltamivir-sensitive and oseltamivir-resistant strains of influenza in mice. Mechanistically, NanoSTING upregulates locoregional interferon-dependent and interferon-independent pathways in mice, hamsters, as well as non-human primates. Our results thus implicate NanoSTING as a broad-spectrum immune activator for controlling respiratory virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Leekha
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arash Saeedi
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Monish Kumar
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K M Samiur Rahman Sefat
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melisa Martinez-Paniagua
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Meng
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohsen Fathi
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rohan Kulkarni
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kate Reichel
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sujit Biswas
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Vallabh E Das
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Brett L Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Navin Varadarajan
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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29
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Baker T, Sharifian H, Newcombe PJ, Gavin PG, Lazarus MN, Ramaswamy M, White WI, Ferrari N, Muthas D, Tummala R, Morand EF, Furie RA, Vital EM, Chamberlain C, Platt A, Al-Mossawi H, Brohawn PZ, Csomor E. Type I interferon blockade with anifrolumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus modulates key immunopathological pathways in a gene expression and proteomic analysis of two phase 3 trials. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:1018-1027. [PMID: 38569851 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-225445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anifrolumab is a type I interferon (IFN) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) blocking antibody approved for treating patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory mechanisms of anifrolumab using longitudinal transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the 52-week, randomised, phase 3 TULIP-1 and TULIP-2 trials. METHODS Patients with moderate to severe SLE were enrolled in TULIP-1 and TULIP-2 and received intravenous anifrolumab or placebo alongside standard therapy. Whole-blood expression of 18 017 genes using genome-wide RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) (pooled TULIP; anifrolumab, n=244; placebo, n=258) and 184 plasma proteins using Olink and Simoa panels (TULIP-1; anifrolumab, n=124; placebo, n=132) were analysed. We compared treatment groups via gene set enrichment analysis using MetaBase pathway analysis, blood transcriptome modules, in silico deconvolution of RNA-seq and longitudinal linear mixed effect models for gene counts and protein levels. RESULTS Compared with placebo, anifrolumab modulated >2000 genes by week 24, with overlapping results at week 52, and 41 proteins by week 52. IFNAR1 blockade with anifrolumab downregulated multiple type I and II IFN-induced gene modules/pathways and type III IFN-λ protein levels, and impacted apoptosis-associated and neutrophil extracellular traps-(NET)osis-associated transcriptional pathways, innate cell activating chemokines and receptors, proinflammatory cytokines and B-cell activating cytokines. In silico deconvolution of RNA-seq data indicated an increase from baseline of mucosal-associated invariant and γδT cells and a decrease of monocytes following anifrolumab treatment. DISCUSSION Type I IFN blockade with anifrolumab modulated multiple inflammatory pathways downstream of type I IFN signalling, including apoptotic, innate and adaptive mechanisms that play key roles in SLE immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Baker
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hoda Sharifian
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul J Newcombe
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick G Gavin
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark N Lazarus
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Madhu Ramaswamy
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Wendy I White
- Clinical & Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicola Ferrari
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Muthas
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Raj Tummala
- Clinical Development, Late Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric F Morand
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard A Furie
- Division of Rheumatology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Edward M Vital
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Chris Chamberlain
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Platt
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hussein Al-Mossawi
- Clinical Development, Late Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip Z Brohawn
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Eszter Csomor
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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30
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Jeremiah SS, Das P, Venkatesan M, Albinzayed R, Ahmed A, Stevenson NJ, Corbally M, Alqahtani M, Al-Wedaie F, Farid E, Hejres S. Humoral and Innate Immunological Profile of Paediatric Recipients of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1389. [PMID: 39065157 PMCID: PMC11278604 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was one of the essential tools in curtailing the COVID-19 pandemic. Unlike conventional vaccines, this newly approved mRNA vaccine is taken up by cells, which leads to the synthesis of the specific viral Spike antigen. The vaccine was initially introduced for adults, and the immunological profile of adult recipients is well-characterized. The vaccine was approved for paediatric use much later after its efficacy and safety had been confirmed in children. However, the complete picture of how the paediatric immune system in children reacts to the vaccine is not well documented. Therefore, in order to better understand the immune response in children, we analysed the humoral response, immune cell count, and interferon signalling in paediatric vaccine recipients ranging between 5 and 17 years of age. Our findings suggest that the paediatric recipients elicit a robust humoral response that is sustained for at least three months. We also found that the vaccine triggered a transient lymphocytopenia similar to that observed during viral infection. Interestingly, we also found that the vaccine may sensitise the interferon signalling pathway, priming the cells to mount a potent response when exposed to interferons during a subsequent infection. The study offers new insights into the workings of the paediatric immune system and innate immunity, thereby opening the doors for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundararaj Stanleyraj Jeremiah
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland—Medical University of Bahrain, Building 2441, Road 2835, Busaiteen 228, Bahrain; (P.D.)
| | - Priya Das
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland—Medical University of Bahrain, Building 2441, Road 2835, Busaiteen 228, Bahrain; (P.D.)
| | - Manu Venkatesan
- Hematology and Hematopathology Laboratory, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen 228, Bahrain; (M.V.); (S.H.)
| | - Reem Albinzayed
- Medical Internship, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen 228, Bahrain; (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Aysha Ahmed
- Medical Internship, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen 228, Bahrain; (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Nigel John Stevenson
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland—Medical University of Bahrain, Building 2441, Road 2835, Busaiteen 228, Bahrain; (P.D.)
| | - Martin Corbally
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland—Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen 228, Bahrain;
| | - Manaf Alqahtani
- Department of Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland—Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen 228, Bahrain;
| | - Fatima Al-Wedaie
- Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Government Hospital, Manama 329, Bahrain; (F.A.-W.); (E.F.)
| | - Eman Farid
- Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Government Hospital, Manama 329, Bahrain; (F.A.-W.); (E.F.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain
| | - Suha Hejres
- Hematology and Hematopathology Laboratory, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen 228, Bahrain; (M.V.); (S.H.)
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31
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Chambers LR, Ye Q, Cai J, Gong M, Ledvina HE, Zhou H, Whiteley AT, Suhandynata RT, Corbett KD. A eukaryotic-like ubiquitination system in bacterial antiviral defence. Nature 2024; 631:843-849. [PMID: 39020180 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination pathways have crucial roles in protein homeostasis, signalling and innate immunity1-3. In these pathways, an enzymatic cascade of E1, E2 and E3 proteins conjugates ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein (Ubl) to target-protein lysine residues4. Bacteria encode ancient relatives of E1 and Ubl proteins involved in sulfur metabolism5,6, but these proteins do not mediate Ubl-target conjugation, leaving open the question of whether bacteria can perform ubiquitination-like protein conjugation. Here we demonstrate that a bacterial operon associated with phage defence islands encodes a complete ubiquitination pathway. Two structures of a bacterial E1-E2-Ubl complex reveal striking architectural parallels with canonical eukaryotic ubiquitination machinery. The bacterial E1 possesses an amino-terminal inactive adenylation domain and a carboxy-terminal active adenylation domain with a mobile α-helical insertion containing the catalytic cysteine (CYS domain). One structure reveals a pre-reaction state with the bacterial Ubl C terminus positioned for adenylation, and a second structure mimics an E1-to-E2 transthioesterification state with the E1 CYS domain adjacent to the bound E2. We show that a deubiquitinase in the same pathway preprocesses the bacterial Ubl, exposing its C-terminal glycine for adenylation. Finally, we show that the bacterial E1 and E2 collaborate to conjugate Ubl to target-protein lysine residues. Together, these data reveal that bacteria possess bona fide ubiquitination systems with strong mechanistic and architectural parallels to canonical eukaryotic ubiquitination pathways, suggesting that these pathways arose first in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia R Chambers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qiaozhen Ye
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiaxi Cai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Minheng Gong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hannah E Ledvina
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Huilin Zhou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aaron T Whiteley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Raymond T Suhandynata
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin D Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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32
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Hör J, Wolf SG, Sorek R. Bacteria conjugate ubiquitin-like proteins to interfere with phage assembly. Nature 2024; 631:850-856. [PMID: 39020165 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Several immune pathways in humans conjugate ubiquitin-like proteins to virus and host molecules as a means of antiviral defence1-5. Here we studied an antiphage defence system in bacteria, comprising a ubiquitin-like protein, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes E1 and E2, and a deubiquitinase. We show that during phage infection, this system specifically conjugates the ubiquitin-like protein to the phage central tail fibre, a protein at the tip of the tail that is essential for tail assembly as well as for recognition of the target host receptor. Following infection, cells encoding this defence system release a mixture of partially assembled, tailless phage particles and fully assembled phages in which the central tail fibre is obstructed by the covalently attached ubiquitin-like protein. These phages show severely impaired infectivity, explaining how the defence system protects the bacterial population from the spread of phage infection. Our findings demonstrate that conjugation of ubiquitin-like proteins is an antiviral strategy conserved across the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hör
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sharon G Wolf
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rotem Sorek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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33
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Virgilio MC, Ramnani B, Chen T, Disbennett WM, Lubow J, Welch JD, Collins KL. HIV-1 Vpr combats the PU.1-driven antiviral response in primary human macrophages. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5514. [PMID: 38951492 PMCID: PMC11217462 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 Vpr promotes efficient spread of HIV-1 from macrophages to T cells by transcriptionally downmodulating restriction factors that target HIV-1 Envelope protein (Env). Here we find that Vpr induces broad transcriptomic changes by targeting PU.1, a transcription factor necessary for expression of host innate immune response genes, including those that target Env. Consistent with this, we find silencing PU.1 in infected macrophages lacking Vpr rescues Env. Vpr downmodulates PU.1 through a proteasomal degradation pathway that depends on physical interactions with PU.1 and DCAF1, a component of the Cul4A E3 ubiquitin ligase. The capacity for Vpr to target PU.1 is highly conserved across primate lentiviruses. In addition to impacting infected cells, we find that Vpr suppresses expression of innate immune response genes in uninfected bystander cells, and that virion-associated Vpr can degrade PU.1. Together, we demonstrate Vpr counteracts PU.1 in macrophages to blunt antiviral immune responses and promote viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Virgilio
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Barkha Ramnani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Chen
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - W Miguel Disbennett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Post-Baccalaureate Research Education Program (PREP), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jay Lubow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- ImmunoVec, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Welch
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Kathleen L Collins
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Akalu YT, Patel RS, Taft J, Canas-Arranz R, Richardson A, Buta S, Martin-Fernandez M, Sazeides C, Pearl RL, Mainkar G, Kurland AP, Geltman R, Rosberger H, Kang DD, Kurian AA, Kaur K, Altman J, Dong Y, Johnson JR, Zhangi L, Lim JK, Albrecht RA, García-Sastre A, Rosenberg BR, Bogunovic D. Broad-spectrum RNA antiviral inspired by ISG15 -/- deficiency. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.600468. [PMID: 38979204 PMCID: PMC11230275 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.600468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) are cytokines with potent antiviral and inflammatory capacities. IFN-I signaling drives the expression of hundreds of IFN-I stimulated genes (ISGs), whose aggregate function results in the control of viral infection. A few of these ISGs are tasked with negatively regulating the IFN-I response to prevent overt inflammation. ISG15 is a negative regulator whose absence leads to persistent, low-grade elevation of ISG expression and concurrent, self-resolving mild autoinflammation. The limited breadth and low-grade persistence of ISGs expressed in ISG15 deficiency are sufficient to confer broad-spectrum antiviral resistance. Inspired by ISG15 deficiency, we have identified a nominal collection of 10 ISGs that recapitulate the broad antiviral potential of the IFN-I system. The expression of the 10 ISG collection in an IFN-I non-responsive cell line increased cellular resistance to Zika, Vesicular Stomatitis, Influenza A (IAV), and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. A deliverable prophylactic formulation of this syndicate of 10 ISGs significantly inhibited IAV PR8 replication in vivo in mice and protected hamsters against a lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge, suggesting its potential as a broad-spectrum antiviral against many current and future emerging viral pathogens. One-Sentence Summary Human inborn error of immunity-guided discovery and development of a broad-spectrum RNA antiviral therapy.
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Li J, Tan J, Wang T, Yu S, Guo G, Li K, Yang L, Zeng B, Mei X, Gao S, Lao X, Zhang S, Liao G, Liang Y. cGAS-ISG15-RAGE axis reprogram necroptotic microenvironment and promote lymphatic metastasis in head and neck cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:63. [PMID: 38926796 PMCID: PMC11200990 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells frequently evolve necroptotic resistance to overcome various survival stress during tumorigenesis. However, we have previously showed that necroptosis is widespread in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and contributes to tumor progression and poor survival via DAMPs-induced migration and invasiveness in peri-necroptotic tumor cells. This implicated an alternative strategy that cancers cope with necroptotic stress by reprogramming a pro-invasive necroptotic microenvironment (NME). Here, we aim to decipher how necroptotic cells shape the NME and affect HNSCC progression. METHODS Both our pre-established cellular necroptotic model and newly established Dox-induce intratumoral necroptosis model were used to investigate how necroptosis affect HNSCC progression. Transcriptomic alterations in peri-necroptotic tumor cells were analyzed by RNA-seq and validated in the NME in mice and patients' samples. The differential DAMPs compositon among apopotosis. Necrosis, and necroptosis were analyzed by label-free proteomic technique, and the necroptosis-specific DAMPs were then identified and validated. The potential receptor for ISG15 were simulated using molecular docking and further validated by in vitro assays. Then the ISG15-RAGE axis was blocked by either knockdown of necroptotic-ISG15 release and RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1, and the impact on tumor progression were tested. Last, we further tested our findings in a HNSCC-patients cohort. RESULTS Necroptosis played a crucial role in driving tumor-cell invasiveness and lymphatic metastasis via tumor-type dependent DAMPs-releasing. Mechanistically, necroptotic DAMPs induced peri-necroptotic EMT via NF-κB and STAT3 signaling. Furthermore, intrinsic orchestration between necroptotic and cGAS-STING signaling resulted in producing a group of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) as HNSCC-dependent necroptotic DAMPs. Among them, ISG15 played an essential role in reprogramming the NME. We then identified RAGE as a novel receptor for extracellular ISG15. Either blockage of ISG15 release or ISG15-RAGE interaction dramatically impeded necroptosis-driven EMT and lymphatic metastasis in HNSCC. Lastly, clinicopathological analysis showed high ISG15 expression in NME. Extensive necroptosis and high tumor-cell RAGE expression correlated with tumor progression and poor survival of HNSCC patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed a previously unknown cGAS-ISG15-RAGE dependent reprogramming of the necroptotic microenvironment which converts the necroptotic stress into invasive force to foster HNSCC-cell dissemination. By demonstrating the programmatic production of ISG15 via necroptosis-cGAS orchestration and its downstream signaling through RAGE, we shed light on the unique role of ISG15 in HNSCC progression. Targeting such machineries may hold therapeutic potential for restoring intratumoral survival stress and preventing lymphatic metastasis in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangliang Guo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Mei
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyong Gao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Lao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sien Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiqing Liao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56th Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yujie Liang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56th Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.
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Wu J, Guo J, Xia S, Chen J, Cao M, Xie L, Yang C, Qiu F, Wang J. A Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling of Triptolide-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400120. [PMID: 38864263 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP), an active component isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), shows great promise for treating inflammation-related diseases. However, its potential nephrotoxic effects remain concerning. The mechanism underlying TP-induced nephrotoxicity is inadequately elucidated, particularly at single-cell resolution. Hence, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of kidney tissues from control and TP-treated mice is performed to generate a thorough description of the renal cell atlas upon TP treatment. Heterogeneous responses of nephron epithelial cells are observed after TP exposure, attributing differential susceptibility of cell subtypes to excessive reactive oxygen species and increased inflammatory responses. Moreover, TP disrupts vascular function by activating endothelial cell immunity and damaging fibroblasts. Severe immune cell damage and the activation of pro-inflammatory Macro_C1 cells are also observed with TP treatment. Additionally, ligand-receptor crosstalk analysis reveals that the SPP1 (osteopontin) signaling pathway targeting Macro_C1 cells is triggered by TP treatment, which may promote the infiltration of Macro_C1 cells to exacerbate renal toxicity. Overall, this study provides comprehensive information on the transcriptomic profiles and cellular composition of TP-associated nephrotoxicity at single-cell resolution, which can strengthen the understanding of the pathogenesis of TP-induced nephrotoxicity and provide valuable clues for the discovery of new therapeutic targets to ameliorate TP-associated nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangpeng Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jinan Guo
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Siyu Xia
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jiayun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Lulin Xie
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Department of Urology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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Davila KMS, Nelli RK, Mora-Díaz JC, Sang Y, Miller LC, Giménez-Lirola LG. Transcriptome Analysis in Air-Liquid Interface Porcine Respiratory Epithelial Cell Cultures Reveals That the Betacoronavirus Porcine Encephalomyelitis Hemagglutinating Virus Induces a Robust Interferon Response to Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:939. [PMID: 38932231 PMCID: PMC11209522 DOI: 10.3390/v16060939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) replicates in the upper respiratory tract and tonsils of pigs. Using an air-liquid interface porcine respiratory epithelial cells (ALI-PRECs) culture system, we demonstrated that PHEV disrupts respiratory epithelia homeostasis by impairing ciliary function and inducing antiviral, pro-inflammatory cytokine, and chemokine responses. This study explores the mechanisms driving early innate immune responses during PHEV infection through host transcriptome analysis. Total RNA was collected from ALI-PRECs at 24, 36, and 48 h post inoculation (hpi). RNA-seq analysis was performed using an Illumina Hiseq 600 to generate 100 bp paired-end reads. Differential gene expression was analyzed using DeSeq2. PHEV replicated actively in ALI-PRECs, causing cytopathic changes and progressive mucociliary disruption. Transcriptome analysis revealed downregulation of cilia-associated genes such as CILK1, DNAH11, LRRC-23, -49, and -51, and acidic sialomucin CD164L2. PHEV also activated antiviral signaling pathways, significantly increasing the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (RSAD2, MX1, IFIT, and ISG15) and chemokine genes (CCL5 and CXCL10), highlighting inflammatory regulation. This study contributes to elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the innate immune response to PHEV infection of the airway epithelium, emphasizing the critical roles of the mucociliary, interferon, and chemokine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M. Sarlo Davila
- Infectious Bacterial Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA;
| | - Rahul K. Nelli
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (R.K.N.); (J.C.M.-D.)
| | - Juan C. Mora-Díaz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (R.K.N.); (J.C.M.-D.)
| | - Yongming Sang
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
| | - Laura C. Miller
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Luis G. Giménez-Lirola
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (R.K.N.); (J.C.M.-D.)
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Zhuang Y, Fischer JB, Nishanth G, Schlüter D. Cross-regulation of Listeria monocytogenes and the host ubiquitin system in listeriosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151401. [PMID: 38442571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria (L.) monocytogenes may cause severe diseases in humans and animals. The control of listeriosis/L. monocytogenes requires the concerted action of cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. In this regard, cell-intrinsic immunity of infected cells, activated by the immune responses, is crucial for the control and elimination intracellular L. monocytogenes. Both the immune response against L. monocytogenes and cell intrinsic pathogen control are critically regulated by post-translational modifications exerted by the host ubiquitin system and ubiquitin-like modifiers (Ubls). In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the role of the ubiquitin system and Ubls in listeriosis, as well as future directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhuang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany.
| | - Johanna B Fischer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Gopala Nishanth
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Dirk Schlüter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
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39
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Gautam D, Sindhu A, Vats A, Rajput S, Roshan M, Pal H, De S. Characterization and expression profiling of buffalo IFN-lambda family. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 272:110770. [PMID: 38735115 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Interferon lambda (IFN-λ) is an important type III interferon triggered mainly by viral infection. IFN-λ binds to their heterodimeric receptors and signals through JAK-STAT pathways similar to type I IFN. In this study, we deduced the buffalo IFN-λ sequences through the polymerase chain reaction, and then studied IFN-λ's expression patterns in different tissues, and post induction with poly I:C and live MRSA using RT-qPCR. The full-length sequences of buffalo IFN-λ3, IFN-λ receptors, and a transcript variant of IFN-λ4 were determined. IFN-λ1 is identified as a pseudogene. Virus response elements and a recombination hotspot factor was observed in the regulatory region of IFN-λ. The IFN-λ3 expressed highest in lungs and monocytes but IFN-λ4 did not. The expression of Interferon Lambda Receptor 1 was tissue specific, while Interleukin 10 Receptor subunit beta was ubiquitous. Following poly I:C induction, IFN-λ3 expression was primarily observed in epithelial cells as opposed to fibroblasts, displaying cell type-dependent expression. The cytosolic RNA sensors were expressed highest in endometrial epithelial cells, whereas the endosomal receptor was higher in fibroblasts. 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase expressed higher in fibroblasts, myxoma resistance protein 1 and IFN-stimulated gene 56 in epithelial cells, displaying cell-specific antiviral response of the interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). The endometrial epithelial cells expressed IFN-λ3 after live S. aureus infection indicating its importance in bacterial infection. The induction of IFN-λ3 was S. aureus isolate specific at the same multiplicity of infection (MOI). This study elucidates the IFN-λ sequences, diverse expression patterns revealing tissue specificity, and specificity in response to poly I:C and bacterial stimuli, emphasising its crucial role in innate immune response modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Gautam
- Animal Genomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, HR 132001, India; Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, HR 139031, India
| | - Anil Sindhu
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, HR 139031, India
| | - Ashutosh Vats
- Animal Genomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, HR 132001, India
| | - Shiveeli Rajput
- Animal Genomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, HR 132001, India
| | - Mayank Roshan
- Animal Genomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, HR 132001, India
| | - Hanshika Pal
- Animal Genomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, HR 132001, India
| | - Sachinandan De
- Animal Genomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, HR 132001, India.
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Qin Y, Wang M, Meng X, Wang M, Jiang H, Gao Y, Li J, Zhao C, Han C, Zhao W, Zheng X. ISGylation by HERCs facilitates STING activation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114135. [PMID: 38652662 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Optimal activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein is crucial for host defenses against pathogens and avoiding detrimental effects. Various post-translational modifications control STING activity. However, the function of interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) 15 modification (ISGylation) in controlling STING stability and activation is unclear. Here, we show that the E3 ISGylation ligases HECT domain- and RCC1-like domain-containing proteins (HERCs; HERC5 in humans and HERC6 in mice) facilitate STING activation by mediating ISGylation of STING at K150, preventing its K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation. Concordantly, Herc6 deficiency suppresses herpes simplex virus 1 infection-induced type I IFN responses and facilitates viral replication both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 protein papain-like protease cleaves HERC5-mediated ISGylation of STING, suppressing host antiviral responses. These data identify a mechanism by which HERCs-mediated ISGylation controls STING stability and activation and uncover the correlations and interactions of ISGylation and ubiquitination during STING activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qin
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xintong Meng
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haojia Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanjie Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chaofeng Han
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Histology and Embryology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Yang B, Tan X, Chen Y, Lin J, Liang J, Yue X, Qiao D, Wang H, Du S. The neuroprotective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116497. [PMID: 38805827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly abused substance on a global scale and has the capacity to elicit toxicity within the central nervous system. The neurotoxicity induced by METH encompasses neuronal degeneration and cellular demise within the substantia nigra-striatum and hippocampus. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a constituent of propolis, is a diminutive compound that demonstrates antioxidative and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Numerous investigations have demonstrated the safeguarding effects of CAPE in various neurodegenerative ailments. Our hypothesis posits that CAPE may exert a neuroprotective influence on METH-induced neurotoxicity via specific mechanisms. In order to validate the hypothesis, a series of experimental techniques including behavioral tests, immunofluorescence labeling, RNA sequencing, and western blotting were employed to investigate the neurotoxic effects of METH and the potential protective effects of CAPE. The results of our study demonstrate that CAPE effectively ameliorates cognitive memory deficits and anxiety symptoms induced by METH in mice. Furthermore, CAPE has been observed to attenuate the upregulation of neurotoxicity-associated proteins that are induced by METH exposure and also reduced the loss of hippocampal neurons in mice. Moreover, transcriptomics analysis was conducted to determine alterations in gene expression within the hippocampus of mice. Subsequently, bioinformatics analysis was employed to investigate the divergent outcomes and identify potential key genes. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) was successfully identified and confirmed through RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence techniques. Our research findings unequivocally demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of CAPE against METH-induced neurotoxicity, with ISG15 may have an important role in the underlying protective mechanism. These results offer novel perspectives on the treatment of METH-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xiaohui Tan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yuzhen Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jing Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jingjie Liang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xia Yue
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Dongfang Qiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Sihao Du
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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42
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Abdel-Haq H. Feasibility of Using a Type I IFN-Based Non-Animal Approach to Predict Vaccine Efficacy and Safety Profiles. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:583. [PMID: 38932312 PMCID: PMC11209158 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal-based tests are used for the control of vaccine quality. However, because highly purified and safe vaccines are now available, alternative approaches that can replace or reduce animal use for the assessment of vaccine outcomes must be established. In vitro tests for vaccine quality control exist and have already been implemented. However, these tests are specifically designed for some next-generation vaccines, and this makes them not readily available for testing other vaccines. Therefore, universal non-animal tests are still needed. Specific signatures of the innate immune response could represent a promising approach to predict the outcome of vaccines by non-animal methods. Type I interferons (IFNs) have multiple immunomodulatory activities, which are exerted through effectors called interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), and are one of the most important immune signatures that might provide potential candidate molecular biomarkers for this purpose. This paper will mainly examine if this idea might be feasible by analyzing all relevant published studies that have provided type I IFN-related biomarkers for evaluating the safety and efficacy profiles of vaccines using an advanced transcriptomic approach as an alternative to the animal methods. Results revealed that such an approach could potentially provide biomarkers predictive of vaccine outcomes after addressing some limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanin Abdel-Haq
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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43
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McEwen DP, Ray P, Nancarrow DJ, Wang Z, Kasturirangan S, Abdullah S, Balan A, Hoskeri R, Thomas D, Lawrence TS, Beer DG, Lagisetty KH, Ray D. ISG15/GRAIL1/CD3 axis influences survival of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e179315. [PMID: 38781019 PMCID: PMC11383178 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.179315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression is a common feature of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and has been linked to poor overall survival (OS). We hypothesized that upstream factors might negatively influence CD3 levels and T cell activity, thus promoting immunosuppression and worse survival. We used clinical data and patient samples of those who progressed from Barrett's to dysplasia to EAC, investigated gene (RNA-Seq) and protein (tissue microarray) expression, and performed cell biology studies to delineate a pathway impacting CD3 protein stability that might influence EAC outcome. We showed that the loss of both CD3-ε expression and CD3+ T cell number correlated with worse OS in EAC. The gene related to anergy in lymphocytes isoform 1 (GRAIL1), which is the prominent isoform in EACs, degraded (ε, γ, δ) CD3s and inactivated T cells. In contrast, isoform 2 (GRAIL2), which is reduced in EACs, stabilized CD3s. Further, GRAIL1-mediated CD3 degradation was facilitated by interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), a ubiquitin-like protein. Consequently, the overexpression of a ligase-dead GRAIL1, ISG15 knockdown, or the overexpression of a conjugation-defective ISG15-leucine-arginine-glycine-glycine mutant could increase CD3 levels. Together, we identified an ISG15/GRAIL1/mutant p53 amplification loop negatively influencing CD3 levels and T cell activity, thus promoting immunosuppression in EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dafydd Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - David G Beer
- Department of Surgery, Section of Thoracic Surgery
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Zhu J, Liu G, Goins CM, Stauffer SR, Gack MU. ISGylation of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein by HERC5 impedes N oligomerization and thereby viral RNA synthesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594393. [PMID: 39149229 PMCID: PMC11326284 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), a ubiquitin-like protein, is covalently conjugated to host (immune) proteins such as MDA5 and IRF3 in a process called ISGylation, thereby limiting the replication of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, whether SARS-CoV-2 proteins can be directly targeted for ISGylation remains elusive. In this study, we identified the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 as a major substrate of ISGylation catalyzed by the host E3 ligase HERC5; however, N ISGylation is readily removed through de-ISGylation by the papain-like protease (PLpro) activity of NSP3. Mass spectrometry analysis identified that the N protein undergoes ISGylation at four lysine residues (K266, K355, K387 and K388), and mutational analysis of these sites in the context of a SARS-CoV-2 replicon (N-4KR) abolished N ISGylation and alleviated ISGylation-mediated inhibition of viral RNA synthesis. Furthermore, our results indicated that HERC5 targets preferentially phosphorylated N protein for ISGylation to regulate its oligomeric assembly. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which the host ISGylation machinery directly targets SARS-CoV-2 proteins to restrict viral replication and illuminate how an intricate interplay of host (HERC5) and viral (PLpro) enzymes coordinates viral protein ISGylation and thereby regulates virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Zhu
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - GuanQun Liu
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Christopher M. Goins
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michaela U. Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
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45
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Ye L, Li P, Wang M, Wu F, Han S, Ma L. Profiling of Early Immune Responses to Vaccination Using THP-1-Derived Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5509. [PMID: 38791547 PMCID: PMC11121899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has made assessing vaccine efficacy more challenging. Besides neutralizing antibody assays, systems vaccinology studies use omics technology to reveal immune response mechanisms and identify gene signatures in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). However, due to their low proportion in PBMCs, profiling the immune response signatures of dendritic cells (DCs) is difficult. Here, we develop a predictive model for evaluating early immune responses in dendritic cells. We establish a THP-1-derived dendritic cell (TDDC) model and stimulate their maturation in vitro with an optimal dose of attenuated yellow fever 17D (YF-17D). Transcriptomic analysis reveals that type I interferon (IFN-I)-induced immunity plays a key role in dendritic cells. IFN-I regulatory biomarkers (IRF7, SIGLEC1) and IFN-I-inducible biomarkers (IFI27, IFI44, IFIT1, IFIT3, ISG15, MX1, OAS2, OAS3) are identified and validated in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we apply this TDDC approach to various types of vaccines, providing novel insights into their early immune response signatures and their heterogeneity in vaccine recipients. Our findings suggest that a standardizable TDDC model is a promising predictive approach to assessing early immunity in DCs. Further research into vaccine efficacy assessment approaches on various types of immune cells could lead to a systemic regimen for vaccine development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Mingzhe Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Feng Wu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Sanyang Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Lan Ma
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.Y.); (P.L.); (M.W.); (F.W.)
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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46
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Pilcher WC, Yao L, Gonzalez-Kozlova E, Pita-Juarez Y, Karagkouni D, Acharya CR, Michaud ME, Hamilton M, Nanda S, Song Y, Sato K, Wang JT, Satpathy S, Ma Y, Schulman J, D'Souza D, Jayasinghe RG, Cheloni G, Bakhtiari M, Pabustan N, Nie K, Foltz JA, Saldarriaga I, Alaaeldin R, Lepisto E, Chen R, Fiala MA, Thomas BE, Cook A, Dos Santos JV, Chiang IL, Figueiredo I, Fortier J, Slade M, Oh ST, Rettig MP, Anderson E, Li Y, Dasari S, Strausbauch MA, Simon VA, Rahman AH, Chen Z, Lagana A, DiPersio JF, Rosenblatt J, Kim-Schulze S, Dhodapkar MV, Lonial S, Kumar S, Bhasin SS, Kourelis T, Vij R, Avigan D, Cho HJ, Mulligan G, Ding L, Gnjatic S, Vlachos IS, Bhasin M. A single-cell atlas characterizes dysregulation of the bone marrow immune microenvironment associated with outcomes in multiple myeloma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.593193. [PMID: 38798338 PMCID: PMC11118283 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.593193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains incurable despite advances in treatment options. Although tumor subtypes and specific DNA abnormalities are linked to worse prognosis, the impact of immune dysfunction on disease emergence and/or treatment sensitivity remains unclear. We established a harmonized consortium to generate an Immune Atlas of MM aimed at informing disease etiology, risk stratification, and potential therapeutic strategies. We generated a transcriptome profile of 1,149,344 single cells from the bone marrow of 263 newly diagnosed patients enrolled in the CoMMpass study and characterized immune and hematopoietic cell populations. Associating cell abundances and gene expression with disease progression revealed the presence of a proinflammatory immune senescence-associated secretory phenotype in rapidly progressing patients. Furthermore, signaling analyses suggested active intercellular communication involving APRIL-BCMA, potentially promoting tumor growth and survival. Finally, we demonstrate that integrating immune cell levels with genetic information can significantly improve patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Pilcher
- Coultier Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lijun Yao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yered Pita-Juarez
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dimitra Karagkouni
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Marina E Michaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Shivani Nanda
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yizhe Song
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kazuhito Sato
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julia T. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarthak Satpathy
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuling Ma
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Darwin D'Souza
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Reyka G. Jayasinghe
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Giulia Cheloni
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mojtaba Bakhtiari
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Kai Nie
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Foltz
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Rania Alaaeldin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Rachel Chen
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark A. Fiala
- Bone Marrow Transplantation & Leukemia Section, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beena E Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Junia Vieira Dos Santos
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - I-ling Chiang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Igor Figueiredo
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie Fortier
- Bone Marrow Transplantation & Leukemia Section, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Slade
- Bone Marrow Transplantation & Leukemia Section, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen T. Oh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Immunomonitoring Laboratory, Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael P. Rettig
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Ying Li
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Adeeb H Rahman
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandro Lagana
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John F. DiPersio
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jacalyn Rosenblatt
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Center & Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta
| | | | - Swati S Bhasin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Ravi Vij
- Bone Marrow Transplantation & Leukemia Section, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Avigan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Center & Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ioannis S Vlachos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Spatial Technologies Unit, Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Center & Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Manoj Bhasin
- Coultier Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
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47
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Mantel N, Piras-Douce F, Chautard E, Marcos-Lopez E, Bodinham CL, Cosma A, Courtois V, Dhooge N, Gautheron S, Kaufmann SHE, Pizzoferro K, Lewis DJM, Martinon F, Pagnon A, Raynal F, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Le Grand R. Cynomolgus macaques as a translational model of human immune responses to yellow fever 17D vaccination. J Virol 2024; 98:e0151623. [PMID: 38567951 PMCID: PMC11092345 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01516-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The non-human primate (NHP) model (specifically rhesus and cynomolgus macaques) has facilitated our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of yellow fever (YF) disease and allowed the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of YF-17D vaccines. However, the accuracy of this model in mimicking vaccine-induced immunity in humans remains to be fully determined. We used a systems biology approach to compare hematological, biochemical, transcriptomic, and innate and antibody-mediated immune responses in cynomolgus macaques and human participants following YF-17D vaccination. Immune response progression in cynomolgus macaques followed a similar course as in adult humans but with a slightly earlier onset. Yellow fever virus neutralizing antibody responses occurred earlier in cynomolgus macaques [by Day 7[(D7)], but titers > 10 were reached in both species by D14 post-vaccination and were not significantly different by D28 [plaque reduction neutralization assay (PRNT)50 titers 3.6 Log vs 3.5 Log in cynomolgus macaques and human participants, respectively; P = 0.821]. Changes in neutrophils, NK cells, monocytes, and T- and B-cell frequencies were higher in cynomolgus macaques and persisted for 4 weeks versus less than 2 weeks in humans. Low levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines (IL-1RA, IL-8, MIP-1α, IP-10, MCP-1, or VEGF) were detected in either or both species but with no or only slight changes versus baseline. Similar changes in gene expression profiles were elicited in both species. These included enriched and up-regulated type I IFN-associated viral sensing, antiviral innate response, and dendritic cell activation pathways D3-D7 post-vaccination in both species. Hematological and blood biochemical parameters remained relatively unchanged versus baseline in both species. Low-level YF-17D viremia (RNAemia) was transiently detected in some cynomolgus macaques [28% (5/18)] but generally absent in humans [except one participant (5%; 1/20)].IMPORTANCECynomolgus macaques were confirmed as a valid surrogate model for replicating YF-17D vaccine-induced responses in humans and suggest a key role for type I IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ernesto Marcos-Lopez
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Caroline L. Bodinham
- Surrey Clinical Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Cosma
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | | | - Nina Dhooge
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | | | - Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Kathleen Pizzoferro
- Surrey Clinical Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - David J. M. Lewis
- Surrey Clinical Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Martinon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Anke Pagnon
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Franck Raynal
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay aux Roses, France
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48
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Bredow C, Thery F, Wirth EK, Ochs S, Kespohl M, Kleinau G, Kelm N, Gimber N, Schmoranzer J, Voss M, Klingel K, Spranger J, Renko K, Ralser M, Mülleder M, Heuser A, Knobeloch KP, Scheerer P, Kirwan J, Brüning U, Berndt N, Impens F, Beling A. ISG15 blocks cardiac glycolysis and ensures sufficient mitochondrial energy production during Coxsackievirus B3 infection. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:644-657. [PMID: 38309955 PMCID: PMC11074791 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Virus infection triggers inflammation and, may impose nutrient shortage to the heart. Supported by type I interferon (IFN) signalling, cardiomyocytes counteract infection by various effector processes, with the IFN-stimulated gene of 15 kDa (ISG15) system being intensively regulated and protein modification with ISG15 protecting mice Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. The underlying molecular aspects how the ISG15 system affects the functional properties of respective protein substrates in the heart are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on the protective properties due to protein ISGylation, we set out a study investigating CVB3-infected mice in depth and found cardiac atrophy with lower cardiac output in ISG15-/- mice. By mass spectrometry, we identified the protein targets of the ISG15 conjugation machinery in heart tissue and explored how ISGylation affects their function. The cardiac ISGylome showed a strong enrichment of ISGylation substrates within glycolytic metabolic processes. Two control enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, hexokinase 2 (HK2) and phosphofructokinase muscle form (PFK1), were identified as bona fide ISGylation targets during infection. In an integrative approach complemented with enzymatic functional testing and structural modelling, we demonstrate that protein ISGylation obstructs the activity of HK2 and PFK1. Seahorse-based investigation of glycolysis in cardiomyocytes revealed that, by conjugating proteins, the ISG15 system prevents the infection-/IFN-induced up-regulation of glycolysis. We complemented our analysis with proteomics-based advanced computational modelling of cardiac energy metabolism. Our calculations revealed an ISG15-dependent preservation of the metabolic capacity in cardiac tissue during CVB3 infection. Functional profiling of mitochondrial respiration in cardiomyocytes and mouse heart tissue by Seahorse technology showed an enhanced oxidative activity in cells with a competent ISG15 system. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that ISG15 controls critical nodes in cardiac metabolism. ISG15 reduces the glucose demand, supports higher ATP production capacity in the heart, despite nutrient shortage in infection, and counteracts cardiac atrophy and dysfunction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Male
- Coxsackievirus Infections/metabolism
- Coxsackievirus Infections/virology
- Coxsackievirus Infections/genetics
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Energy Metabolism
- Enterovirus B, Human/pathogenicity
- Enterovirus B, Human/metabolism
- Glycolysis
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/virology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Signal Transduction
- Ubiquitins/metabolism
- Ubiquitins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bredow
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabien Thery
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Katrin Wirth
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Ochs
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Meike Kespohl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kelm
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niclas Gimber
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Advanced Medical Bioimaging Core Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Schmoranzer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Advanced Medical Bioimaging Core Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Voss
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Klingel
- University of Tübingen, Cardiopathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kostja Renko
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Ralser
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Core Facility—High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Mülleder
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Core Facility—High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arnd Heuser
- Max-Delbrueck-Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Animal Phenotyping Platform, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Knobeloch
- University of Freiburg, Institute of Neuropathology, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kirwan
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin, Metabolomics, Charitéplatz 1 Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Ulrike Brüning
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin, Metabolomics, Charitéplatz 1 Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Berndt
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nuthetal, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francis Impens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antje Beling
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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49
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Zhang B, Yan L, Lin C, Liu Y, Zhao C, Wang P, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Qiu L. Asymmetric evolution of ISG15 homologs and the immune adaptation to LBUSV infection in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109441. [PMID: 38354965 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The battle between host and viral is ubiquitous across all ecosystems. Despite this, research is scarce on the antiviral characteristics of fish, particularly in those that primarily rely on innate immune responses. This study, comprehensively explored the genetic and antiviral features of ISG15 in spotted seabass, focusing on its response to largemouth bass ulcerative syndrome virus (LBUSV). Through whole-genome BLAST and PCR cloning, two ISG15 homologs, namely LmISG15a and LmISG15b, were identified in spotted seabass, both encoding highly conserved proteins. However, a distinctive contrast emerged in their expression patterns, with LmISG15a exhibiting high expression in immune organs while LmISG15b remained largely silent across various organs. Regulatory elements analysis indicated an asymmetric evolution of the two ISG15s, with the minimal expression of LmISG15b may attribute to the loss of a necessary ISRE and an additional instability "ATTTA" motif. Association analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between LmISG15a expression and LBUSV infection. Subsequent antiviral activity detection revealed that LmISG15a interacted with LBUSV, inhibiting its replication by activating ISGylation and downstream pro-inflammatory mediators. In summary, this study unveils a distinct evolutionary strategy of fish antiviral gene ISG15 and delineates its kinetic characteristics in response to LBUSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China.
| | - Lulu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Changhong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; College of Aqua-life Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China.
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China.
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50
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Ba C, Tian C, Bo X, Xu C, Zhang Y, Sun X, Nan Y, Wu C. Porcine HERC6 acts as major E3 ligase for ISGylation and is auto-ISGylated for effective ISGylation in porcine. Microb Pathog 2024; 190:106633. [PMID: 38554778 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15) can be conjugated to substrates through ISGylation. Currently, the E3 ligase for porcine ISGylation remains unclear. Here, we identified porcine HERC5 and HERC6 (pHERC5/6) as ISGylation E3 ligases with pHERC6 acting as a major one by reconstitution of porcine ISGylation system in HEK-293 T cell via co-transfecting E1, E2 and porcine ISG15(pISG15) genes. Meanwhile, our data demonstrated that co-transfection of pISG15 and pHERC5/6 was sufficient to confer ISGylation, suggesting E1 and E2 of ISGylation are interchangeable between human and porcine. Using an immunoprecipitation based ISGylation analysis, our data revealed pHERC6 was a substrate for ISGylation and confirmed that K707 and K993 of pHERC6 were auto-ISGylation sites. Mutation of these sites reduced pHERC6 half-life and inhibited ISGylation, suggesting that auto-ISGylation of pHERC6 was required for effective ISGylation. Conversely, sustained ISGylation induced by overexpression of pISG15 and pHERC6 could be inhibited by a well-defined porcine ISGylation antagonist, the ovarian tumor (OTU) protease domain of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV)-nsp2 and PRRSV-nsp1β, further indicating such method could be used for identification of virus-encoded ISG15 antagonist. In conclusion, our study contributes new insights towards porcine ISGylation system and provides a novel tool for screening viral-encoded ISG15 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyu Ba
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chaonan Tian
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xueying Bo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuchen Nan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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