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Tian J, Jia K, Wang T, Guo L, Xuan Z, Michaelis EK, Swerdlow RH, Du H. Hippocampal transcriptome-wide association study and pathway analysis of mitochondrial solute carriers in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:250. [PMID: 38858380 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly recognized as the result of the combination of the aging process, toxic proteins, brain dysmetabolism, and genetic risks. Although the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD has been well-appreciated, the interaction between mitochondrial function and genetic variability in promoting dementia is still poorly understood. In this study, by tissue-specific transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) and further meta-analysis, we examined the genetic association between mitochondrial solute carrier family (SLC25) genes and AD in three independent cohorts and identified three AD-susceptibility genes, including SLC25A10, SLC25A17, and SLC25A22. Integrative analysis using neuroimaging data and hippocampal TWAS-predicted gene expression of the three susceptibility genes showed an inverse correlation of SLC25A22 with hippocampal atrophy rate in AD patients, which outweighed the impacts of sex, age, and apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4). Furthermore, SLC25A22 downregulation demonstrated an association with AD onset, as compared with the other two transcriptome-wide significant genes. Pathway and network analysis related hippocampal SLC25A22 downregulation to defects in neuronal function and development, echoing the enrichment of SLC25A22 expression in human glutamatergic neurons. The most parsimonious interpretation of the results is that we have identified AD-susceptibility genes in the SLC25 family through the prediction of hippocampal gene expression. Moreover, our findings mechanistically yield insight into the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of AD and pave the way for the future development of diagnostic tools for the early prevention of AD from a perspective of precision medicine by targeting the mitochondria-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Kun Jia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Tienju Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Elias K Michaelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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2
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Chen N, Luo J, Zhou T, Shou Y, Du C, Song G, Xu L, Zhao K, Jin Y, Li C, Yu D. Lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation promotes lipid accumulation in alcoholic liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115936. [PMID: 38012969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Continuous (chronic or sub-chronic) alcohol consumption induces a metabolic byproduct known as ketone bodies, and the accumulation of ketones leads to a life-threatening syndrome called alcoholic ketoacidosis. However, the mechanism underlining the physiological effects of ketone accumulation in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is still in its infancy. Here, we discovered that mitochondrial acetyl-CoA accumulation was diverted into the ketogenesis pathway in ethanol-fed mice and ethanol-exposed hepatocytes. Unexpectedly, global protein lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb) was induced in response to increased ketogenesis-derived β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels both in hepatocytes and in livers of mice. Focusing on the solute carrier family (SLCs), we found that SLC25A5 presented obvious Kbhb at lysine residues 147 and 166. Kbhb modifications at these two lysine residues stabilized SLC25A5 expression by blocking ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Subsequent mutation analysis revealed that Kbhb of SLC25A5 at K147 and K166 had site-specific regulatory roles by increasing peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression, which further promoting lipogenesis. Additionally, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 2 (HMGCS2), a rate-limiting enzyme for BHB production, was profoundly induced by ethanol exposure, and knockout of Hmgcs2 with CRISPR/Cas9 attenuated SLC25A5 Kbhb. Together, our study demonstrated a widespread Kbhb landscape under ethanol exposure and clarified a physiological effect of Kbhb modification on liver lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Chen
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiao Luo
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingqing Shou
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenlong Du
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ge Song
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kunming Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanhai Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dianke Yu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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3
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Campos Y, Rodriguez-Enriquez R, Palacios G, Van de Vlekkert D, Qiu X, Weesner J, Gomero E, Demmers J, Bertorini T, Opferman JT, Grosveld GC, d'Azzo A. Mitochondrial proteostasis mediated by CRL5 Ozz and Alix maintains skeletal muscle function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.11.548601. [PMID: 37503076 PMCID: PMC10369959 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.11.548601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
High energy-demanding tissues, such as skeletal muscle, require mitochondrial proteostasis to function properly. Two quality-control mechanisms, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and the release of mitochondria-derived vesicles, safeguard mitochondrial proteostasis. However, whether these processes interact is unknown. Here we show that the E3 ligase CRL5 Ozz , a member of the UPS, and its substrate Alix control the mitochondrial concentration of Slc25A4, a solute carrier that is essential for ATP production. The mitochondria in Ozz -/- or Alix -/- skeletal muscle share overt morphologic alterations (they are supernumerary, swollen, and dysmorphic) and have abnormal metabolomic profiles. We found that CRL5 Ozz ubiquitinates Slc25A4 and promotes its proteasomal degradation, while Alix facilitates SLC25A4 loading into exosomes destined for lysosomal destruction. The loss of Ozz or Alix offsets steady-state levels of Slc25A4, which disturbs mitochondrial metabolism and alters muscle fiber composition. These findings reveal hitherto unknown regulatory functions of Ozz and Alix in mitochondrial proteostasis.
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4
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Hoogstraten CA, Jacobs MME, de Boer G, van de Wal MAE, Koopman WJH, Smeitink JAM, Russel FGM, Schirris TJJ. Metabolic impact of genetic and chemical ADP/ATP carrier inhibition in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1927-1941. [PMID: 37154957 PMCID: PMC10256673 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is pivotal in drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Transport proteins embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane form a significant class of potential drug off-targets. So far, most transporter-drug interactions have been reported for the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (AAC). Since it remains unknown to what extent AAC contributes to drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in AKI, we here aimed to better understand the functional role of AAC in the energy metabolism of human renal proximal tubular cells. To this end, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was applied to generate AAC3-/- human conditionally immortalized renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. This AAC3-/- cell model was characterized with respect to mitochondrial function and morphology. To explore whether this model could provide first insights into (mitochondrial) adverse drug effects with suspicion towards AAC-mediated mechanisms, wild-type and knockout cells were exposed to established AAC inhibitors, after which cellular metabolic activity and mitochondrial respiratory capacity were measured. Two AAC3-/- clones showed a significant reduction in ADP import and ATP export rates and mitochondrial mass, without influencing overall morphology. AAC3-/- clones exhibited reduced ATP production, oxygen consumption rates and metabolic spare capacity was particularly affected, mainly in conditions with galactose as carbon source. Chemical AAC inhibition was stronger compared to genetic inhibition in AAC3-/-, suggesting functional compensation by remaining AAC isoforms in our knockout model. In conclusion, our results indicate that ciPTEC-OAT1 cells have a predominantly oxidative phenotype that was not additionally activated by switching energy source. Genetic inhibition of AAC3 particularly impacted mitochondrial spare capacity, without affecting mitochondrial morphology, suggesting an important role for AAC in maintaining the metabolic spare respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Hoogstraten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike M E Jacobs
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Guido de Boer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa A E van de Wal
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Smeitink
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
- Khondrion BV, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom J J Schirris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
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Xue Z, Wang J, Wang Z, Liu J, Zhao J, Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu G, Zhao Z, Li W, Zhang Q, Li X, Huang B, Wang X. SLC25A32 promotes malignant progression of glioblastoma by activating PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:589. [PMID: 37365560 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solute carrier family 25 member 32 (SLC25A32) is an important member of SLC25A family and plays a role in folate transport metabolism. However, the mechanism and function of SLC25A32 in the progression of human glioblastoma (GBM) remain unclear. METHODS In this study, folate related gene analysis was performed to explore gene expression profiles in low-grade glioma (LGG) and GBM. Western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to confirm the expression levels of SLC25A32 in GBM tissues and cell lines. CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays, and Edu assays were performed to assess the role of SLC25A32 on proliferation in GBM in vitro. A 3D sphere invasion assay and an ex vivo co-culture invasion model were performed to assess the effects of SLC25A32 on invasion in GBM. RESULTS Elevated expression of SLC25A32 was observed in GBM, and high SLC25A32 expression was associated with a high glioma grade and poorer prognosis. Immunohistochemistry performed with anti-SLC25A32 on samples from an independent cohort of patients confirmed these results. Knockdown of SLC25A32 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells, but overexpression of SLC25A32 significantly promoted cell growth and invasion. These effects were mainly due to the activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that SLC25A32 plays a significant role in promoting the malignant phenotype of GBM. Therefore, SLC25A32 can be used as an independent prognostic factor in patients with GBM, providing a new target for the comprehensive treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Zide Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Jiangli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Xuchen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Guowei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Zhimin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China.
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Wynne ME, Ogunbona O, Lane AR, Gokhale A, Zlatic SA, Xu C, Wen Z, Duong DM, Rayaprolu S, Ivanova A, Ortlund EA, Dammer EB, Seyfried NT, Roberts BR, Crocker A, Shanbhag V, Petris M, Senoo N, Kandasamy S, Claypool SM, Barrientos A, Wingo A, Wingo TS, Rangaraju S, Levey AI, Werner E, Faundez V. APOE expression and secretion are modulated by mitochondrial dysfunction. eLife 2023; 12:e85779. [PMID: 37171075 PMCID: PMC10231934 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria influence cellular function through both cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous mechanisms, such as production of paracrine and endocrine factors. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial regulation of the secretome is more extensive than previously appreciated, as both genetic and pharmacological disruption of the electron transport chain caused upregulation of the Alzheimer's disease risk factor apolipoprotein E (APOE) and other secretome components. Indirect disruption of the electron transport chain by gene editing of SLC25A mitochondrial membrane transporters as well as direct genetic and pharmacological disruption of either complexes I, III, or the copper-containing complex IV of the electron transport chain elicited upregulation of APOE transcript, protein, and secretion, up to 49-fold. These APOE phenotypes were robustly expressed in diverse cell types and iPSC-derived human astrocytes as part of an inflammatory gene expression program. Moreover, age- and genotype-dependent decline in brain levels of respiratory complex I preceded an increase in APOE in the 5xFAD mouse model. We propose that mitochondria act as novel upstream regulators of APOE-dependent cellular processes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Wynne
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Oluwaseun Ogunbona
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Alicia R Lane
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | | | - Chongchong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Sruti Rayaprolu
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Anna Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | | | - Blaine R Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Amanda Crocker
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury CollegeMiddleburyUnited States
| | - Vinit Shanbhag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of MissouriColumbiaUnited States
| | - Michael Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of MissouriColumbiaUnited States
| | - Nanami Senoo
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | | | | | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Neurology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of MiamiMiamiUnited States
| | - Aliza Wingo
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Erica Werner
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
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7
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Cai A, Portengen L, Ertaylan G, Legler J, Vermeulen R, Lenters V, Remy S. Prenatal Exposure to Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals, Cord Blood Transcriptome Perturbations, and Birth Weight in a Belgian Birth Cohort. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087607. [PMID: 37108768 PMCID: PMC10141364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) has been linked to birth weight, but the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated gene expressions and biological pathways underlying the associations between MDCs and birth weight, using microarray transcriptomics, in a Belgian birth cohort. Whole cord blood measurements of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), polychlorinated biphenyls 153 (PCB-153), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), and transcriptome profiling were conducted in 192 mother-child pairs. A workflow including a transcriptome-wide association study, pathway enrichment analysis with a meet-in-the-middle approach, and mediation analysis was performed to characterize the biological pathways and intermediate gene expressions of the MDC-birth weight relationship. Among 26,170 transcriptomic features, we successfully annotated five overlapping metabolism-related gene expressions associated with both an MDC and birth weight, comprising BCAT2, IVD, SLC25a16, HAS3, and MBOAT2. We found 11 overlapping pathways, and they are mostly related to genetic information processing. We found no evidence of any significant mediating effect. In conclusion, this exploratory study provides insights into transcriptome perturbations that may be involved in MDC-induced altered birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Cai
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Lützen Portengen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gökhan Ertaylan
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Juliette Legler
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Virissa Lenters
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvie Remy
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
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8
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Lu YA, Brien CMO, Mashek DG, Hu WS, Zhang Q. Kinetic-model-based pathway optimization with application to reverse glycolysis in mammalian cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:216-229. [PMID: 36184902 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, model-based metabolic pathway optimization tools have been developed for the design of microorganisms to produce desired metabolites. However, few have considered more complex cellular systems such as mammalian cells, which requires the use of nonlinear kinetic models to capture the effects of concentration changes and cross-regulatory interactions. In this study, we develop a new two-stage pathway optimization framework based on kinetic models that incorporate detailed kinetics and regulation information. In Stage 1, a set of optimization problems are solved to identify and rank the enzymes that contribute the most to achieving the metabolic objective. Stage 2 then determines the optimal enzyme interventions for specified desired numbers of enzyme adjustments. It also incorporates multi-scenario optimization, which allows the simultaneous consideration of multiple physiological conditions. We apply the proposed framework to find enzyme adjustments that enable a reverse glucose flow in cultured mammalian cells, thereby eliminating the need for glucose feed in the late culture stage and enhancing process robustness. The computational results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach; it not only captures the important regulations and key enzymes for reverse glycolysis but also identifies differences and commonalities in the metabolic requirements for different carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-An Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Conor M O' Brien
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Douglas G Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wei-Shou Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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9
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Comprehensive Analysis and Validation of Solute Carrier Family 25 (SLC25) and Its Correlation with Immune Infiltration in Pan-Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4009354. [PMID: 36254139 PMCID: PMC9569204 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4009354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As the largest gene family functioning in protein transport among human solute carriers, the SLC25 family (mitochondrial carrier family) can participate in development of cancer. However, a comprehensive exploration for the exactly roles of SLC family remains lacking. In the present study, a total of 15 functional SLC25 family genes were retrieved from all current publications. And multidimensional analyses were systematically performed based on the transcriptome and genome data of SLC25 family from a variety of online databases for their expression, immune cell infiltration, and cancer prognosis. Validation by qPCR and immunohistochemistry were further conducted for the expression of partial SLC25 family members in some tumor tissue. We found that the SLC25 family had strong correlation with immune cells, such as macrophages M2, CD8+ T cell, CD4+ T cell memory activated, and memory resting. Among them, SLC25A6 was most correlated with Macrophage M1 in uveal melanoma (r = −0.68, P = 1.9e − 0.5). Expression of mRNA level showed that SLC25A4 was downregulated in stomach adenocarcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma. SLC25A7 was highly expressed in stomach adenocarcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma. SLC25A23 was decreased in colon adenocarcinoma. qPCR and immunohistochemistry validation results were consistent with our bioinformatics prediction. SLC25A8 was associated with the prognosis of cancer. All these findings suggested that the SLC25 family might affects the immune microenvironment of the cancer and then had the potential to be predictive biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis as well as novel targets for individualized treatment of cancer.
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10
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Bresciani N, Demagny H, Lemos V, Pontanari F, Li X, Sun Y, Li H, Perino A, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K. The Slc25a47 locus is a novel determinant of hepatic mitochondrial function implicated in liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 2022; 77:1071-1082. [PMID: 35714811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Transporters of the SLC25 mitochondrial carrier superfamily bridge cytoplasmic and mitochondrial metabolism by channeling metabolites across mitochondrial membranes and are pivotal for metabolic homeostasis. Despite their physiological relevance as gatekeepers of cellular metabolism, most of the SLC25 family members remain uncharacterized. We undertook a comprehensive tissue distribution analysis of all Slc25 family members across metabolic organs and identified SLC25A47 as a liver-specific mitochondrial carrier. METHODS We used a murine loss-of-function model to unravel the role of this transporter in mitochondrial and hepatic homeostasis. We performed extensive metabolic phenotyping and molecular characterization of newly generated Slc25a47hep-/- and Slc25a47-Fgf21hep-/- mice. RESULTS Slc25a47hep-/- mice displayed a wide variety of metabolic abnormalities, as a result of sustained energy deficiency in the liver originating from impaired mitochondrial respiration. This mitochondrial phenotype was associated with an activation of the mitochondrial stress response (MSR) in the liver, and the development of fibrosis, which was exacerbated upon feeding a high-fat high-sucrose diet. The MSR induced the secretion of several mitokines, amongst which FGF21 played a preponderant role on systemic physiology. To dissect the FGF21-dependent and -independent physiological changes induced in Slc25a47hep-/- mice, we generated a double Slc25a47-Fgf21hep-/- mouse model and demonstrated that several aspects of the hypermetabolic state were driven by hepatic secretion of FGF21. On the other hand, the metabolic fuel inflexibility observed in Slc25a47hep-/- mice could not be rescued with the genetic removal of Fgf21. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data place the Slc25a47 locus at the center of mitochondrial homeostasis, which upon dysfunction triggers robust liver-specific and systemic adaptive stress responses. The prominent role of the Slc25a47 locus in hepatic fibrosis identifies this carrier, or its transported metabolite, as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. LAY SUMMARY Herein, we report the importance of a locus containing a liver-specific gene coding for a mitochondrial transport protein called SLC25A47. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells. They are crucial for metabolism and energy generation. We show that mice with genetic disruption of the Slc25a47 locus cannot maintain mitochondrial homeostasis (balance), leading to wide-ranging problems in the liver that have far-reaching physiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bresciani
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hadrien Demagny
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vera Lemos
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Pontanari
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yu Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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11
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Giangregorio N, Pierri CL, Tonazzi A, Incampo G, Tragni V, De Grassi A, Indiveri C. Proline/Glycine residues of the PG-levels guide conformational changes along the transport cycle in the mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (SLC25A20). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1453-1465. [PMID: 36122779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (CAC) is a member of the mitochondrial carrier (MC) family and imports acylcarnitine into the mitochondrial matrix in exchange for carnitine, playing a pivotal role in carnitine shuttle, crucial for fatty acid oxidation. The crystallized structure of CAC has not been solved yet, however, the availability of several in vitro/in silico studies, also based on the crystallized structures of the ADP/ATP carrier in the cytosolic-conformation and in the matrix-conformation, has made possible to confirm the hypothesis of the single-binding centered-gated pore mechanism for all the members of the MC family. In addition, our recent bioinformatics analyses allowed quantifying in silico the importance of protein residues of MC substrate binding region, of those involved in the formation of the matrix and cytosolic gates, and of those belonging to the Pro/Gly (PG) levels, proposed to be crucial for the tilting/kinking/bending of the six MC transmembrane helices, funneling the substrate translocation pathway. Here we present a combined in silico/in vitro analysis employed for investigating the role played by a group of 6 proline residues and 6 glycine residues, highly conserved in CAC, belonging to MC PG-levels. Residues of the PG-levels surround the similarly located MC common substrate binding region, and were proposed to lead conformational changes and substrate translocation, following substrate binding. For our analysis, we employed 3D molecular modeling approaches, alanine scanning site-directed mutagenesis and in vitro transport assays. Our analysis reveals that P130 (H3), G268 (H6) and G220 (H5), mutated in alanine, affect severely CAC transport activity (mutant catalytic efficiency lower than 5 % compared to the wild type CAC), most likely due to their major role in triggering CAC conformational changes, following carnitine binding. Notably, P30A (H1) and G121A (H3) CAC mutants, increase the carnitine uptake up to 217 % and 112 %, respectively, compared to the wild type CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giangregorio
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Tonazzi
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Incampo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tragni
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna De Grassi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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12
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Modelling the Human Blood-Brain Barrier in Huntington Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147813. [PMID: 35887162 PMCID: PMC9321930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been described in neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease (HD), it is not known if endothelial cells themselves are functionally compromised when promoting BBB dysfunction. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of BBB dysfunction remain elusive given the limitations with mouse models and post mortem tissue to identify primary deficits. We established models of BBB and undertook a transcriptome and functional analysis of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain-like microvascular endothelial cells (iBMEC) from HD patients or unaffected controls. We demonstrated that HD-iBMECs have abnormalities in barrier properties, as well as in specific BBB functions such as receptor-mediated transcytosis.
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13
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Djidrovski I, Georgiou M, Tasinato E, Leonard MO, Van den Bor J, Lako M, Armstrong L. Direct transcriptomic comparison of xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity pathway induction of airway epithelium models at an air-liquid interface generated from induced pluripotent stem cells and primary bronchial epithelial cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 39:1-18. [PMID: 35641671 PMCID: PMC10042770 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The airway epithelium represents the main barrier between inhaled air and the tissues of the respiratory tract and is therefore an important point of contact with xenobiotic substances into the human body. Several studies have recently shown that in vitro models of the airway grown at an air-liquid interface (ALI) can be particularly useful to obtain mechanistic information about the toxicity of chemical compounds. However, such methods are not very amenable to high throughput since the primary cells cannot be expanded indefinitely in culture to obtain a sustainable number of cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a popular option in the recent years for modelling the airways of the lung, but despite progress in the field, such models have so far not been assessed for their ability to metabolise xenobiotic compounds and how they compare to the primary bronchial airway model (pBAE). Here, we report a comparative analysis by TempoSeq (oligo-directed sequencing) of an iPSC-derived airway model (iBAE) with a primary bronchial airway model (pBAE). The iBAE and pBAE were differentiated at an ALI and then evaluated in a 5-compound screen with exposure to a sub-lethal concentration of each compound for 24 h. We found that despite lower expression of xenobiotic metabolism genes, the iBAE similarly predicted the toxic pathways when compared to the pBAE model. Our results show that iPSC airway models at ALI show promise for inhalation toxicity assessments with further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Djidrovski
- The Biosphere, Newcells Biotech Ltd., Draymans way, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5BX, UK.,Biosciences Institute, The International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Maria Georgiou
- Biosciences Institute, The International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Elena Tasinato
- The Biosphere, Newcells Biotech Ltd., Draymans way, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5BX, UK
| | - Martin O Leonard
- Toxicology Department, Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Harwell Campus, Chilton, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Jelle Van den Bor
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, The International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- The Biosphere, Newcells Biotech Ltd., Draymans way, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5BX, UK. .,Biosciences Institute, The International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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14
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Jackson TW, Baars O, Belcher SM. Gestational Cd Exposure in the CD-1 Mouse Sex-Specifically Disrupts Essential Metal Ion Homeostasis. Toxicol Sci 2022; 187:254-266. [PMID: 35212737 PMCID: PMC9154225 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In CD-1 mice, gestational-only exposure to cadmium (Cd) causes female-specific hepatic insulin resistance, metabolic disruption, and obesity. To evaluate whether sex differences in uptake and changes in essential metal concentrations contribute to metabolic outcomes, placental and liver Cd and essential metal concentrations were quantified in male and female offspring perinatally exposed to 500 ppb CdCl2. Exposure resulted in increased maternal liver Cd+2 concentrations (364 µg/kg) similar to concentrations found in non-occupationally exposed human liver. At gestational day (GD) 18, placental Cd and manganese concentrations were significantly increased in exposed males and females, and zinc was significantly decreased in females. Placental efficiency was significantly decreased in GD18-exposed males. Increases in hepatic Cd concentrations and a transient prenatal increase in zinc were observed in exposed female liver. Fetal and adult liver iron concentrations were decreased in both sexes, and decreases in hepatic zinc, iron, and manganese were observed in exposed females. Analysis of GD18 placental and liver metallothionein mRNA expression revealed significant Cd-induced upregulation of placental metallothionein in both sexes, and a significant decrease in fetal hepatic metallothionein in exposed females. In placenta, expression of metal ion transporters responsible for metal ion uptake was increased in exposed females. In liver of exposed adult female offspring, expression of the divalent cation importer (Slc39a14/Zip14) decreased, whereas expression of the primary exporter (Slc30a10/ZnT10) increased. These findings demonstrate that Cd can preferentially cross the female placenta, accumulate in the liver, and cause lifelong dysregulation of metal ion concentrations associated with metabolic disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Jackson
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Oliver Baars
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Scott M Belcher
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA. Tel.: (919) 513-1214. E-mail:
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15
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Li Q, Madden JA, Lin J, Shi J, Rosen SM, Schmitz-Abe K, Agrawal PB. Reanalysis of Exome Data Identifies Novel SLC25A46 Variants Associated with Leigh Syndrome. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11121277. [PMID: 34945750 PMCID: PMC8703603 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC25A46 (solute carrier family 25 member 46) mutations have been linked to various neurological diseases with recessive inheritance, including Leigh syndrome, optic atrophy, and lethal congenital pontocerebellar hypoplasia. SLC25A46 is expressed in the outer membrane of mitochondria, where it plays a critical role in mitochondrial dynamics. A deceased 7-month-old female infant was suspected to have Leigh syndrome. Clinical exome sequencing was non-diagnostic, but research reanalysis of the sequencing data identified two novel variants in SLC25A46: a missense (c.1039C>T, p.Arg347Cys; NM_138773, hg19) and a donor splice region variant (c.283+5G>A) in intron 1. Both variants were predicted to be damaging. Sanger sequencing of cDNA detected a single missense allele in the patient compared to control, and the SLC25A46 transcript levels were also reduced due to the splice region variant. Additionally, Western blot analysis of whole-cell lysate showed a decrease of SLC25A46 expression in proband fibroblasts, relative to control cells. Further, analysis of mitochondrial morphology revealed evidence of increased fragmentation of the mitochondrial network in proband fibroblasts, compared to control cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that these novel variants in SLC24A46, the donor splice one and the missense variant, are the cause of the neurological phenotype in this proband.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Li
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (S.M.R.); (K.S.-A.)
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jill A. Madden
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jasmine Lin
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (S.M.R.); (K.S.-A.)
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Samantha M. Rosen
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (S.M.R.); (K.S.-A.)
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Klaus Schmitz-Abe
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (S.M.R.); (K.S.-A.)
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Pankaj B. Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Q.L.); (J.L.); (S.M.R.); (K.S.-A.)
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-6179192153
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16
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Wang Y, Gao J, Hu S, Zeng W, Yang H, Chen H, Wang S. SLC25A21 Suppresses Cell Growth in Bladder Cancer via an Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mechanism. Front Oncol 2021; 11:682710. [PMID: 34568013 PMCID: PMC8458862 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BCa) is a commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide that has poor survival depending on its intrinsic biologic aggressiveness and a peculiar radio- and chemoresistance features. Gaining a better understanding of tumorigenesis and developing new diagnosis and treatment strategies for BCa is important for improving BCa clinical outcome. SLC25 family member 21 (SLC25A21), a carrier transporting C5-C7 oxodicarboxylates, has been reported to contribute to oxoadipate acidemia. However, the potential role of SLC25A21 in cancer remains absolutely unknown. Methods The expression levels of SLC25A21 in BCa and normal tissues were examined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Gain-of- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to detect the biological functions of SLC25A21 in vitro and in vivo by CCK-8 assay, plate colony formation assay, cell migration, invasion assay and experimental animal models. The subcellular distribution of substrate mediated by SLC25A21, mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production were assessed to explore the potential mechanism of SLC25A21 in BCa. Results We found that the expression of SLC25A21 was downregulated in BCa tissues compared to normal tissues. A significant positive correlation between decreased SLC25A21 expression and poor prognosis was observed in BCa patients. Overexpression of SLC25A21 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion and induced apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, the enhanced SLC25A21 expression significantly suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, we revealed that SLC25A21 suppressed BCa growth by inducing the efflux of mitochondrial α-KG to the cytosol, decreasing to against oxidative stress, and activating the ROS-mediated mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis pathway. Conclusions Our findings provide the first link between SLC25A21 expression and BCa and demonstrate that SLC25A21 acts as a crucial suppressor in BCa progression, which may help to provide new targets for BCa intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiawen Gao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Hu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiting Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Dhaibar HA, Carroll NG, Amatya S, Kamberov L, Khanna P, Orr AW, Bailey SR, Oakley RH, Cidlowski JA, Cruz‐Topete D. Glucocorticoid Inhibition of Estrogen Regulation of the Serotonin Receptor 2B in Cardiomyocytes Exacerbates Cell Death in Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e015868. [PMID: 34472367 PMCID: PMC8649237 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.015868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Stress has emerged as an important risk factor for heart disease in women. Stress levels have been shown to correlate with delayed recovery and increased mortality after a myocardial infarction. Therefore, we sought to investigate if the observed sex-specific effects of stress in myocardial infarction may be partly attributed to genomic interactions between the female sex hormones, estrogen (E2), and the primary stress hormones glucocorticoids. Methods and Results Genomewide studies show that glucocorticoids inhibit estrogen-mediated regulation of genes with established roles in cardiomyocyte homeostasis. These include 5-HT2BR (cardiac serotonin receptor 2B), the expression of which is critical to prevent cardiomyocyte death in the adult heart. Using siRNA, gene expression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we found that 5-HT2BR is a primary target of the glucocorticoid receptor and the estrogen receptor α at the level of transcription. The glucocorticoid receptor blocks the recruitment of estrogen receptor α to the promoter of the 5-HT2BR gene, which may contribute to the adverse effects of stress in the heart of premenopausal women. Using immunoblotting, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidal transferase-mediated biotin-deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling), and flow cytometry, we demonstrate that estrogen decreases cardiomyocyte death by a mechanism relying on 5-HT2BR expression. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that glucocorticoids inhibit estrogen cardioprotection in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and exacerbate the size of the infarct areas in myocardial infarction. Conclusions These results established a novel mechanism underlying the deleterious effects of stress on female cardiac health in the setting of ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemangini A. Dhaibar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLA,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and SciencesLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLA
| | - Natalie G. Carroll
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLA,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and SciencesLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLA
| | - Shripa Amatya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLA,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and SciencesLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLA
| | - Lilly Kamberov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLA,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and SciencesLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLA
| | - Pranshu Khanna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLA,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and SciencesLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLA
| | - A. Wayne Orr
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and SciencesLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLA,Department of PathologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLA
| | - Steven R. Bailey
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and SciencesLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLA,Department of Internal MedicineLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLA
| | - Robert H. Oakley
- Department of Health and Human ServicesSignal Transduction LaboratoryNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNational Institutes of HealthResearch Triangle ParkNC
| | - John A. Cidlowski
- Department of Health and Human ServicesSignal Transduction LaboratoryNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNational Institutes of HealthResearch Triangle ParkNC
| | - Diana Cruz‐Topete
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PhysiologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLA,Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and SciencesLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveportLA
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Dietz JV, Fox JL, Khalimonchuk O. Down the Iron Path: Mitochondrial Iron Homeostasis and Beyond. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092198. [PMID: 34571846 PMCID: PMC8468894 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular iron homeostasis and mitochondrial iron homeostasis are interdependent. Mitochondria must import iron to form iron–sulfur clusters and heme, and to incorporate these cofactors along with iron ions into mitochondrial proteins that support essential functions, including cellular respiration. In turn, mitochondria supply the cell with heme and enable the biogenesis of cytosolic and nuclear proteins containing iron–sulfur clusters. Impairment in cellular or mitochondrial iron homeostasis is deleterious and can result in numerous human diseases. Due to its reactivity, iron is stored and trafficked through the body, intracellularly, and within mitochondria via carefully orchestrated processes. Here, we focus on describing the processes of and components involved in mitochondrial iron trafficking and storage, as well as mitochondrial iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis and heme biosynthesis. Recent findings and the most pressing topics for future research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan V. Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Jennifer L. Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA;
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence:
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19
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Darbani B. Genome Evolutionary Dynamics Meets Functional Genomics: A Case Story on the Identification of SLC25A44. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115669. [PMID: 34073512 PMCID: PMC8199184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene clusters are becoming promising tools for gene identification. The study reveals the purposive genomic distribution of genes toward higher inheritance rates of intact metabolic pathways/phenotypes and, thereby, higher fitness. The co-localization of co-expressed, co-interacting, and functionally related genes was found as genome-wide trends in humans, mouse, golden eagle, rice fish, Drosophila, peanut, and Arabidopsis. As anticipated, the analyses verified the co-segregation of co-localized events. A negative correlation was notable between the likelihood of co-localization events and the inter-loci distances. The evolution of genomic blocks was also found convergent and uniform along the chromosomal arms. Calling a genomic block responsible for adjacent metabolic reactions is therefore recommended for identification of candidate genes and interpretation of cellular functions. As a case story, a function in the metabolism of energy and secondary metabolites was proposed for Slc25A44, based on its genomic local information. Slc25A44 was further characterized as an essential housekeeping gene which has been under evolutionary purifying pressure and belongs to the phylogenetic ETC-clade of SLC25s. Pathway enrichment mapped the Slc25A44s to the energy metabolism. The expression of peanut and human Slc25A44s in oocytes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains confirmed the transport of common precursors for secondary metabolites and ubiquinone. These results suggest that SLC25A44 is a mitochondrion-ER-nucleus zone transporter with biotechnological applications. Finally, a conserved three-amino acid signature on the cytosolic face of transport cavity was found important for rational engineering of SLC25s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Darbani
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; or ; Tel.: +45-(53)-578055
- Research Center Flakkebjerg, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
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20
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Sreekumar PG, Ferrington DA, Kannan R. Glutathione Metabolism and the Novel Role of Mitochondrial GSH in Retinal Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:661. [PMID: 33923192 PMCID: PMC8146950 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is present ubiquitously, and its role as a crucial cellular antioxidant in tissues, including the retina, is well established. GSH's antioxidant function arises from its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species or to serve as an essential cofactor for GSH S-transferases and peroxidases. This review summarizes the general functions, retinal distribution, disorders linked to GSH deficiency, and the emerging role for mitochondrial GSH (mGSH) in retinal function. Though synthesized only in the cytosol, the presence of GSH in multiple cell organelles suggests the requirement for its active transport across organellar membranes. The localization and distribution of 2-oxoglutarate carrier (OGC) and dicarboxylate carrier (DIC), two recently characterized mitochondrial carrier proteins in RPE and retina, show that these transporters are highly expressed in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and retinal layers, and their expression increases with RPE polarity in cultured cells. Depletion of mGSH levels via inhibition of the two transporters resulted in reduced mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters (basal respiration, ATP production, maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity) and increased RPE cell death. These results begin to reveal a critical role for mGSH in maintaining RPE bioenergetics and cell health. Thus, augmentation of mGSH pool under GSH-deficient conditions may be a valuable tool in treating retinal disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration and optic neuropathies, whose pathologies have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran G. Sreekumar
- The Stephen J. Ryan Initiative for Macular Research (RIMR), Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Deborah A. Ferrington
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences and Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Ram Kannan
- The Stephen J. Ryan Initiative for Macular Research (RIMR), Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
- Stein Eye Institute, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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21
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Jaiquel Baron S, King MS, Kunji ER, Schirris TJ. Characterization of drug-induced human mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier inhibition. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5077-5091. [PMID: 33859735 PMCID: PMC8039944 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of commonly prescribed drugs are known to interfere with mitochondrial function, causing cellular toxicity, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Although often not considered, mitochondrial transport proteins form a significant class of potential mitochondrial off-targets. So far, most drug interactions have been reported for the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (AAC), which exchanges cytosolic ADP for mitochondrial ATP. Here, we show inhibition of cellular respiratory capacity by only a subset of the 18 published AAC inhibitors, which questions whether all compound do indeed inhibit such a central metabolic process. This could be explained by the lack of a simple, direct model system to evaluate and compare drug-induced AAC inhibition. Methods: For its development, we have expressed and purified human AAC1 (hAAC1) and applied two approaches. In the first, thermostability shift assays were carried out to investigate the binding of these compounds to human AAC1. In the second, the effect of these compounds on transport was assessed in proteoliposomes with reconstituted human AAC1, enabling characterization of their inhibition kinetics. Results: Of the proposed inhibitors, chebulinic acid, CD-437 and suramin are the most potent with IC50-values in the low micromolar range, whereas another six are effective at a concentration of 100 μM. Remarkably, half of all previously published AAC inhibitors do not show significant inhibition in our assays, indicating that they are false positives. Finally, we show that inhibitor strength correlates with a negatively charged surface area of the inhibitor, matching the positively charged surface of the substrate binding site. Conclusion: Consequently, we have provided a straightforward model system to investigate AAC inhibition and have gained new insights into the chemical compound features important for inhibition. Better evaluation methods of drug-induced inhibition of mitochondrial transport proteins will contribute to the development of drugs with an enhanced safety profile.
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22
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Mitochondrial gene expression in single cells shape pancreatic beta cells' sub-populations and explain variation in insulin pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:466. [PMID: 33432158 PMCID: PMC7801437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial gene expression is pivotal to cell metabolism. Nevertheless, it is unknown whether it diverges within a given cell type. Here, we analysed single-cell RNA-seq experiments from human pancreatic alpha (N = 3471) and beta cells (N = 1989), as well as mouse beta cells (N = 1094). Cluster analysis revealed two distinct human beta cells populations, which diverged by mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA)-encoded oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) gene expression in healthy and diabetic individuals, and in newborn but not in adult mice. Insulin gene expression was elevated in beta cells with higher mtDNA gene expression in humans and in young mice. Such human beta cell populations also diverged in mitochondrial RNA mutational repertoire, and in their selective signature, thus implying the existence of two previously overlooked distinct and conserved beta cell populations. While applying our approach to human alpha cells, two sub-populations of cells were identified which diverged in mtDNA gene expression, yet these cellular populations did not consistently diverge in nDNA OXPHOS genes expression, nor did they correlate with the expression of glucagon, the hallmark of alpha cells. Thus, pancreatic beta cells within an individual are divided into distinct groups with unique metabolic-mitochondrial signature.
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23
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Haferkamp S, Drexler K, Federlin M, Schlitt HJ, Berneburg M, Adamski J, Gaumann A, Geissler EK, Ganapathy V, Parkinson EK, Mycielska ME. Extracellular Citrate Fuels Cancer Cell Metabolism and Growth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602476. [PMID: 33425906 PMCID: PMC7793864 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells need excess energy and essential nutrients/metabolites not only to divide and proliferate but also to migrate and invade distant organs for metastasis. Fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, considered a hallmark of cancer for anabolism and membrane biogenesis, requires citrate. We review here potential pathways in which citrate is synthesized and/or supplied to cancer cells and the impact of extracellular citrate on cancer cell metabolism and growth. Cancer cells employ different mechanisms to support mitochondrial activity and citrate synthesis when some of the necessary substrates are missing in the extracellular space. We also discuss the different transport mechanisms available for the entry of extracellular citrate into cancer cells and how citrate as a master metabolite enhances ATP production and fuels anabolic pathways. The available literature suggests that cancer cells show an increased metabolic flexibility with which they tackle changing environmental conditions, a phenomenon crucial for cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantin Drexler
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marianne Federlin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans J Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andreas Gaumann
- Institute of Pathology, Kaufbeuren-Ravensburg, Kaufbeuren, Germany
| | - Edward K Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - E Kenneth Parkinson
- Center for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria E Mycielska
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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24
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Greenig M, Melville A, Huntley D, Isalan M, Mielcarek M. Cross-Sectional Transcriptional Analysis of the Aging Murine Heart. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:565530. [PMID: 33102519 PMCID: PMC7545256 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.565530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease accounts for millions of deaths each year and is currently the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The aging process is clearly linked to cardiovascular disease, however, the exact relationship between aging and heart function is not fully understood. Furthermore, a holistic view of cardiac aging, linking features of early life development to changes observed in old age, has not been synthesized. Here, we re-purpose RNA-sequencing data previously-collected by our group, investigating gene expression differences between wild-type mice of different age groups that represent key developmental milestones in the murine lifespan. DESeq2's generalized linear model was applied with two hypothesis testing approaches to identify differentially-expressed (DE) genes, both between pairs of age groups and across mice of all ages. Pairwise comparisons identified genes associated with specific age transitions, while comparisons across all age groups identified a large set of genes associated with the aging process more broadly. An unsupervised machine learning approach was then applied to extract common expression patterns from this set of age-associated genes. Sets of genes with both linear and non-linear expression trajectories were identified, suggesting that aging not only involves the activation of gene expression programs unique to different age groups, but also the re-activation of gene expression programs from earlier ages. Overall, we present a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of cardiac gene expression patterns across the entirety of the murine lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Greenig
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Melville
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Huntley
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Isalan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Center for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Mielcarek
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Center for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Nozawa A, Ito D, Ibrahim M, Santos HJ, Tsuboi T, Tozawa Y. Characterization of mitochondrial carrier proteins of malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum based on in vitro translation and reconstitution. Parasitol Int 2020; 79:102160. [PMID: 32574727 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Members of the mitochondrial carrier (MC) family of membrane transporters play important roles in cellular metabolism. We previously established an in vitro reconstitution system for membrane transporters based on wheat germ cell-free translation system. We have now applied this reconstitution system to the comparative analysis of MC proteins from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We synthesized twelve putative P. falciparum MCs and determined the transport activities of four of these proteins including PF3D7_1037300 protein (ADP/ATP translocator), PF3D7_1004800 protein (ADP/ATP translocator), PF3D7_1202200 protein (phosphate carrier), and PF3D7_1241600 protein (S-adenosylmethionine transporter). In addition, we tested the effect of cardiolipin on the activity of MC proteins. The transport activities of the yeast MCs, ScAac2p, ScGgc1p, ScDic1p, ScPic1p, and ScSam5p, which localize to the mitochondrial inner membrane, were increased by cardiolipin supplementation, whereas that of ScAnt1p, which localizes to the peroxisome membrane, was not significantly affected. Together, this indicates that the functional properties of the reconstituted MCs reflect the lipid content of their native membranes. Except for PF3D7_1241600 protein, these P. falciparum proteins manifested cardiolipin-dependent transport activities. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that PF3D7_1241600 protein is not mainly localized to the mitochondria of P. falciparum cells. We thus revealed the functions of four MC proteins of the malaria parasite and the effects of cardiolipin on their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nozawa
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan; Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Herbert J Santos
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Yuzuru Tozawa
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
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26
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Seguin A, Jia X, Earl AM, Li L, Wallace J, Qiu A, Bradley T, Shrestha R, Troadec MB, Hockin M, Titen S, Warner DE, Dowdle PT, Wohlfahrt ME, Hillas E, Firpo MA, Phillips JD, Kaplan J, Paw BH, Barasch J, Ward DM. The mitochondrial metal transporters mitoferrin1 and mitoferrin2 are required for liver regeneration and cell proliferation in mice. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11002-11020. [PMID: 32518166 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial iron import is essential for iron-sulfur cluster formation and heme biosynthesis. Two nuclear-encoded vertebrate mitochondrial high-affinity iron importers, mitoferrin1 (Mfrn1) and Mfrn2, have been identified in mammals. In mice, the gene encoding Mfrn1, solute carrier family 25 member 37 (Slc25a37), is highly expressed in sites of erythropoiesis, and whole-body Slc25a37 deletion leads to lethality. Here, we report that mice with a deletion of Slc25a28 (encoding Mfrn2) are born at expected Mendelian ratios, but show decreased male fertility due to reduced sperm numbers and sperm motility. Mfrn2 -/- mice placed on a low-iron diet exhibited reduced mitochondrial manganese, cobalt, and zinc levels, but not reduced iron. Hepatocyte-specific loss of Slc25a37 (encoding Mfrn1) in Mfrn2 -/- mice did not affect animal viability, but resulted in a 40% reduction in mitochondrial iron and reduced levels of oxidative phosphorylation proteins. Placing animals on a low-iron diet exaggerated the reduction in mitochondrial iron observed in liver-specific Mfrn1/2-knockout animals. Mfrn1 -/-/Mfrn2 -/- bone marrow-derived macrophages or skin fibroblasts in vitro were unable to proliferate, and overexpression of Mfrn1-GFP or Mfrn2-GFP prevented this proliferation defect. Loss of both mitoferrins in hepatocytes dramatically reduced regeneration in the adult mouse liver, further supporting the notion that both mitoferrins transport iron and that their absence limits proliferative capacity of mammalian cells. We conclude that Mfrn1 and Mfrn2 contribute to mitochondrial iron homeostasis and are required for high-affinity iron import during active proliferation of mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Seguin
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Xuan Jia
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Aubree M Earl
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Liangtao Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jared Wallace
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Andong Qiu
- Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Bradley
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rishna Shrestha
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Marie-Bérengère Troadec
- University Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200, Brest, France.,CHRU Brest, Service of Genetics, Laboratory of Chromosome Genetics, Brest, France
| | - Matt Hockin
- Department of Human Genetics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Simon Titen
- Department of Human Genetics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dave E Warner
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - P Tom Dowdle
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Martin E Wohlfahrt
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elaine Hillas
- Department of General Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Matthew A Firpo
- Department of General Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - John D Phillips
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jerry Kaplan
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Barry H Paw
- Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Diane M Ward
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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27
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Rochette L, Meloux A, Zeller M, Malka G, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Mitochondrial SLC25 Carriers: Novel Targets for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102417. [PMID: 32455902 PMCID: PMC7288124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The transfer of metabolites through the mitochondrial membranes is a vital process that is highly controlled and regulated by the inner membrane. A variety of metabolites, nucleotides, and cofactors are transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) by a superfamily of membrane transporters which are known as the mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) or the solute carrier family 25 (SLC25 protein family). In humans, the MCF has 53 members encoded by nuclear genes. Members of the SLC25 family of transporters, which is the largest group of solute carriers, are also known as mitochondrial carriers (MCs). Because MCs are nuclear-coded proteins, they must be imported into the IMM. When compared with normal cells, the mitochondria of cancer cells exhibit significantly increased transmembrane potentials and a number of their transporters are altered. SLC25 members were identified as potential biomarkers for various cancers. The objective of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the involvement of mitochondrial SLC25 carriers in associated diseases. This review suggests that the SLC25 family could be used for the development of novel points of attack for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Equipe d’Accueil (EA 7460) Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne—Franche Comté, 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-380-393-292
| | - Alexandre Meloux
- Equipe d’Accueil (EA 7460) Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne—Franche Comté, 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Equipe d’Accueil (EA 7460) Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne—Franche Comté, 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Gabriel Malka
- Centre Interface Applications Médicales (CIAM), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, Ben-Guerir 43 150, Morocco;
| | - Yves Cottin
- Equipe d’Accueil (EA 7460) Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne—Franche Comté, 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.V.)
- Department of cardiology, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Equipe d’Accueil (EA 7460) Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne—Franche Comté, 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.V.)
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28
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Transporter-Mediated Mitochondrial GSH Depletion Leading to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Rescue with αB Crystallin Peptide in RPE Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050411. [PMID: 32408520 PMCID: PMC7278883 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) is critical for cell survival. We recently reported the localization of OGC (SLC25A11) and DIC (SLC25A10) in hRPE. Herein, we investigated the suppression of OGC and DIC and the effect of αB crystallin chaperone peptide co-treatment on RPE cell death and mitochondrial function. Non-polarized and polarized human RPE were co-treated for 24 h with phenyl succinic acid (PS, 5 mM) or butyl malonic acid (BM, 5 mM) with or without αB cry peptide (75 µg/mL). mGSH levels, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and ETC proteins were analyzed. The effect of mGSH depletion on cell death and barrier function was determined in polarized RPE co-treated with PS, OGC siRNA or BM and αB cry peptide. Inhibition of OGC and DIC resulted in a significant decrease in mGSH and increased apoptosis. mGSH depletion significantly decreased mitochondrial respiration, ATP production, and altered ETC protein expression. αB cry peptide restored mGSH, attenuated apoptosis, upregulated ETC proteins, and improved mitochondrial bioenergetics and biogenesis. mGSH transporters exhibited differential polarized localization: DIC (apical) and OGC (apical and basal). Inhibition of mGSH transport compromised barrier function which was partially restored by αB cry peptide. Our findings suggest mGSH augmentation by its transporters may be a valuable approach in AMD therapy.
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29
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Repression of the transcriptional activity of ERRα with sequence-specific DNA-binding polyamides. Med Chem Res 2020; 29:607-616. [PMID: 34552311 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptors estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) bind to the estrogen-related receptor response element (ERRE) to regulate transcriptional programs in cellular metabolism and cancer cell growth. In this study, we evaluated the potential for a pyrrole-imidazole polyamide to block ERRα binding to ERREs to inhibit gene expression. We demonstrated that the ERRE-targeted polyamide 1 blocked the binding of ERRα to the consensus ERRE and reduced the transcriptional activity of ERRα in cell culture. We further showed that inhibiting ERRα transcriptional activity with polyamide 1 led to reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption, a primary biological effect regulated by ERRα. Finally, our data demonstrated that polyamide 1 is an inhibitor for cancer cell growth.
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Devyatkin VA, Muraleva NA, Kolosova NG. Identification of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Mitochondria-Associated Genes Capable of Affecting the Development of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Senescence-Accelerated OXYS Rats. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057020020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Genetic compensation in a stable slc25a46 mutant zebrafish: A case for using F0 CRISPR mutagenesis to study phenotypes caused by inherited disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230566. [PMID: 32208444 PMCID: PMC7092968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A phenomenon of genetic compensation is commonly observed when an organism with a disease-bearing mutation shows incomplete penetrance of the disease phenotype. Such incomplete phenotypic penetrance, or genetic compensation, is more commonly found in stable knockout models, rather than transient knockdown models. As such, these incidents present a challenge for the disease modeling field, although a deeper understanding of genetic compensation may also hold the key for novel therapeutic interventions. In our study we created a knockout model of slc25a46 gene, which is a recently discovered important player in mitochondrial dynamics, and deleterious mutations in which are known to cause peripheral neuropathy, optic atrophy and cerebellar ataxia. We report a case of genetic compensation in a stable slc25a46 homozygous zebrafish mutant (hereafter referred as “mutant”), in contrast to a penetrant disease phenotype in the first generation (F0) slc25a46 mosaic mutant (hereafter referred as “crispant”), generated with CRISPR/Cas-9 technology. We show that the crispant phenotype is specific and rescuable. By performing mRNA sequencing, we define significant changes in slc25a46 mutant’s gene expression profile, which are largely absent in crispants. We find that among the most significantly altered mRNAs, anxa6 gene stands out as a functionally relevant player in mitochondrial dynamics. We also find that our genetic compensation case does not arise from mechanisms driven by mutant mRNA decay. Our study contributes to the growing evidence of the genetic compensation phenomenon and presents novel insights about Slc25a46 function. Furthermore, our study provides the evidence for the efficiency of F0 CRISPR screens for disease candidate genes, which may be used to advance the field of functional genetics.
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Santoro V, Kovalenko I, Vriens K, Christen S, Bernthaler A, Haegebarth A, Fendt SM, Christian S. SLC25A32 sustains cancer cell proliferation by regulating flavin adenine nucleotide (FAD) metabolism. Oncotarget 2020; 11:801-812. [PMID: 32166001 PMCID: PMC7055544 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC25A32 is a member of the solute carrier 25 family of mitochondrial transporters. SLC25A32 transports tetrahydrofolate (THF) as well as FAD into mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism and redox balance. While it is known that cancer cells require one-carbon and FAD-dependent mitochondrial metabolism to sustain cell proliferation, the role of SLC25A32 in cancer cell growth remains unexplored. Our results indicate that the SLC25A32 gene is highly amplified in different tumors and that amplification correlates with increased mRNA expression and reduced patients´ survival. siRNA-mediated knock-down and CRISPR-mediated knock-out of SLC25A32 in cancer cells of different origins, resulted in the identification of cell lines sensitive and resistant to SLC25A32 inhibition. Mechanistically, tracing of deuterated serine revealed that SLC25A32 knock-down does not affect the mitochondrial/cytosolic folate flux as measured by Liquid Chromatography coupled Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Instead, SLC25A32 inhibition results in a respiratory chain dysfunction at the FAD-dependent complex II enzyme, induction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), which impairs cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) treatment further sensitizes cells to ROS-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation upon SLC25A32 knock-down. Treatment of cells with the FAD precursor riboflavin and with GSH rescues cancer cell proliferation upon SLC25A32 down-regulation. Our results indicate that the reduction of mitochondrial FAD concentrations by targeting SLC25A32 has potential clinical applications as a single agent or in combination with approved cancer drugs that lead to increased oxidative stress and reduced tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilya Kovalenko
- Bayer AG, Drug Discovery, Berlin 13353, Germany.,Current address: University of Michigan, Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Kim Vriens
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Stefan Christen
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Gomez-Acevedo H, Dai Y, Strub G, Shawber C, Wu JK, Richter GT. Identification of putative biomarkers for Infantile Hemangiomas and Propranolol treatment via data integration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3261. [PMID: 32094357 PMCID: PMC7039967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign tumors in early childhood. They show a distinctive mechanism of tumor growth in which a rapid proliferative phase is followed by a regression phase (involution). Propranolol is an approved treatment for IHs, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. We integrated and harmonized microRNA and mRNA transcriptome data from newly generated microarray data on IHs with publicly available data on toxicological transcriptomics from propranolol exposure, and with microRNA data from IHs and propranolol exposure. We identified subsets of putative biomarkers for proliferation and involution as well as a small set of putative biomarkers for propranolol's mechanism of action for IHs, namely EPAS1, LASP1, SLC25A23, MYO1B, and ALDH1A1. Based on our integrative data approach and confirmatory experiments, we concluded that hypoxia in IHs is regulated by EPAS1 (HIF-2α) instead of HIF-1α, and also that propranolol-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells may occur via mitochondrial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Gomez-Acevedo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Yuemeng Dai
- Mesquite Rehabilitation Institute, Mesquite, Texas, USA
| | - Graham Strub
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Carrie Shawber
- Department of Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - June K Wu
- Department of Reproductive Sciences in Obstetrics & Gynecology and Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gresham T Richter
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Fluorescent Light Energy (FLE) Acts on Mitochondrial Physiology Improving Wound Healing. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020559. [PMID: 32085605 PMCID: PMC7073965 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent light energy (FLE) has been used to treat various injured tissues in a non-pharmacological and non-thermal fashion. It was applied to stimulate cell proliferation, accelerate healing in chronic and acute wounds, and reduce pain and inflammation. FLE has been shown to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines while promoting an environment conducive to healing. A possible mechanism of action of FLE is linked to regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. This work aims to investigate the effect of FLE on mitochondrial homeostasis in an in vitro model of inflammation. Confocal microscopy and gene expression profiling were performed on cultures of inflamed human dermal fibroblasts treated with either direct light from a multi-LED lamp, or FLE from either an amorphous gel or sheet hydrogel matrix. Assessment using confocal microscopy revealed mitochondrial fragmentation in inflamed cells, likely due to exposure to inflammatory cytokines, however, mitochondrial networks were restored to normal 24-h after treatment with FLE. Moreover, gene expression analysis found that treatment with FLE resulted in upregulation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) genes, which encode proteins favoring mitochondrial ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation and lipid β-oxidation, respectively. These observations demonstrate a beneficial effect of FLE on mitochondrial homeostasis in inflamed cells.
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35
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Hotka M, Cagalinec M, Hilber K, Hool L, Boehm S, Kubista H. L-type Ca 2+ channel-mediated Ca 2+ influx adjusts neuronal mitochondrial function to physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Sci Signal 2020; 13:eaaw6923. [PMID: 32047116 PMCID: PMC7116774 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw6923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) are implicated in neurodegenerative processes and cell death. Accordingly, LTCC antagonists have been proposed to be neuroprotective, although this view is disputed, because intentional LTCC activation can also have beneficial effects. LTCC-mediated Ca2+ influx influences mitochondrial function, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell viability. Hence, we investigated the effect of modulating LTCC-mediated Ca2+ influx on mitochondrial function in cultured hippocampal neurons. To activate LTCCs, neuronal activity was stimulated by increasing extracellular K+ or by application of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline. The activity of LTCCs was altered by application of an agonistic (Bay K8644) or an antagonistic (isradipine) dihydropyridine. Our results demonstrated that activation of LTCC-mediated Ca2+ influx affected mitochondrial function in a bimodal manner. At moderate stimulation strength, ATP synthase activity was enhanced, an effect that involved Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. In contrast, high LTCC-mediated Ca2+ loads led to a switch in ATP synthase activity to reverse-mode operation. This effect, which required nitric oxide, helped to prevent mitochondrial depolarization and sustained increases in mitochondrial Ca2+ Our findings indicate a complex role of LTCC-mediated Ca2+ influx in the tuning and maintenance of mitochondrial function. Therefore, the use of LTCC inhibitors to protect neurons from neurodegeneration should be reconsidered carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Hotka
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michal Cagalinec
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Cellular Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50 411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karlheinz Hilber
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Livia Hool
- School of Human Sciences (Physiology), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Stefan Boehm
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Kubista
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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36
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Aryal S, Anand D, Hernandez FG, Weatherbee BAT, Huang H, Reddy AP, Wilmarth PA, David LL, Lachke SA. MS/MS in silico subtraction-based proteomic profiling as an approach to facilitate disease gene discovery: application to lens development and cataract. Hum Genet 2019; 139:151-184. [PMID: 31797049 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While the bioinformatics resource-tool iSyTE (integrated Systems Tool for Eye gene discovery) effectively identifies human cataract-associated genes, it is currently based on just transcriptome data, and thus, it is necessary to include protein-level information to gain greater confidence in gene prioritization. Here, we expand iSyTE through development of a novel proteome-based resource on the lens and demonstrate its utility in cataract gene discovery. We applied high-throughput tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to generate a global protein expression profile of mouse lens at embryonic day (E)14.5, which identified 2371 lens-expressed proteins. A major challenge of high-throughput expression profiling is identification of high-priority candidates among the thousands of expressed proteins. To address this problem, we generated new MS/MS proteome data on mouse whole embryonic body (WB). WB proteome was then used as a reference dataset for performing "in silico WB-subtraction" comparative analysis with the lens proteome, which effectively identified 422 proteins with lens-enriched expression at ≥ 2.5 average spectral counts, ≥ 2.0 fold enrichment (FDR < 0.01) cut-off. These top 20% candidates represent a rich pool of high-priority proteins in the lens including known human cataract-linked genes and many new potential regulators of lens development and homeostasis. This rich information is made publicly accessible through iSyTE (https://research.bioinformatics.udel.edu/iSyTE/), which enables user-friendly visualization of promising candidates, thus making iSyTE a comprehensive tool for cataract gene discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Aryal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 105 The Green, Delaware Avenue, 236 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Deepti Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 105 The Green, Delaware Avenue, 236 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Francisco G Hernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 105 The Green, Delaware Avenue, 236 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Bailey A T Weatherbee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 105 The Green, Delaware Avenue, 236 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Hongzhan Huang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Ashok P Reddy
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Phillip A Wilmarth
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Larry L David
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Salil A Lachke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 105 The Green, Delaware Avenue, 236 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, USA.
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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37
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Zheng F, Colasante C, Voncken F. Characterisation of a mitochondrial iron transporter of the pathogen Trypanosoma brucei. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2019; 233:111221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2019.111221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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38
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Hendriks DFG, Hurrell T, Riede J, van der Horst M, Tuovinen S, Ingelman-Sundberg M. Mechanisms of Chronic Fialuridine Hepatotoxicity as Revealed in Primary Human Hepatocyte Spheroids. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:385-395. [PMID: 31505000 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDrug hepatotoxicity is often delayed in onset. An exemplar case is the chronic nature of fialuridine hepatotoxicity, which resulted in the deaths of several patients in clinical trials as preclinical studies failed to identify this human-specific hepatotoxicity. Conventional preclinical in vitro models are mainly designed to evaluate the risk of acute drug toxicity. Here, we evaluated the utility of 3D spheroid cultures of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) to assess chronic drug hepatotoxicity events using fialuridine as an example. Fialuridine toxicity was only detectable after 7 days of repeated exposure. Clinical manifestations, including reactive oxygen species formation, lipid accumulation, and induction of apoptosis, were readily identified. Silencing the expression or activity of the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1), implicated in the mitochondrial transport of fialuridine, modestly protected PHH spheroids from fialuridine toxicity. Interference with the phosphorylation of fialuridine into the active triphosphate metabolites by silencing of thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) provided substantial protection, whereas simultaneous silencing of ENT1 and TK2 provided near-complete protection. Fialuridine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was suggested by a decrease in the expression of mtDNA-encoded genes, which correlated with the onset of toxicity and was prevented under the simultaneous silencing of ENT1 and TK2. Furthermore, interference with the expression or activity of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), which is critical to deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pool homeostasis, resulted in selective potentiation of fialuridine toxicity. Our findings demonstrate the translational applicability of the PHH 3D spheroid model for assessing drug hepatotoxicity events which manifest only under chronic exposure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delilah F G Hendriks
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Tracey Hurrell
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Julia Riede
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Muriëlle van der Horst
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Sarianna Tuovinen
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
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Dall M, Trammell SAJ, Asping M, Hassing AS, Agerholm M, Vienberg SG, Gillum MP, Larsen S, Treebak JT. Mitochondrial function in liver cells is resistant to perturbations in NAD + salvage capacity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13304-13326. [PMID: 31320478 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with NAD precursors such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) has been shown to enhance mitochondrial function in the liver and to prevent hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rodents. Hepatocyte-specific knockout of the NAD+-synthesizing enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) reduces liver NAD+ levels, but the metabolic phenotype of Nampt-deficient hepatocytes in mice is unknown. Here, we assessed Nampt's role in maintaining mitochondrial and metabolic functions in the mouse liver. Using the Cre-LoxP system, we generated hepatocyte-specific Nampt knockout (HNKO) mice, having a 50% reduction of liver NAD+ levels. We screened the HNKO mice for signs of metabolic dysfunction following 60% HFD feeding for 20 weeks ± NR supplementation and found that NR increases hepatic NAD+ levels without affecting fat mass or glucose tolerance in HNKO or WT animals. High-resolution respirometry revealed that NR supplementation of the HNKO mice did not increase state III respiration, which was observed in WT mice following NR supplementation. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption and fatty-acid oxidation were unaltered in primary HNKO hepatocytes. Mitochondria isolated from whole-HNKO livers had only a 20% reduction in NAD+, suggesting that the mitochondrial NAD+ pool is less affected by HNKO than the whole-tissue pool. When stimulated with tryptophan in the presence of [15N]glutamine, HNKO hepatocytes had a higher [15N]NAD+ enrichment than WT hepatocytes, indicating that HNKO mice compensate through de novo NAD+ synthesis. We conclude that NAMPT-deficient hepatocytes can maintain substantial NAD+ levels and that the Nampt knockout has only minor consequences for mitochondrial function in the mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Dall
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samuel A J Trammell
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus Asping
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna S Hassing
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Agerholm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara G Vienberg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew P Gillum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, DK2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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40
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Slc25a36 modulates pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells by regulating mitochondrial function and glutathione level. Biochem J 2019; 476:1585-1604. [PMID: 31036718 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in the maintenance of the naive state of embryonic stem cells. Many details of the mechanism remain to be fully elucidated. Solute carrier family 25 member 36 (Slc25a36) might regulate mitochondrial function through transporting pyrimidine nucleotides for mtDNA/RNA synthesis. Its physical role in this process remains unknown; however, Slc25a36 was recently found to be highly expressed in naive mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Here, the function of Slc25a36 was characterized as a maintenance factor of mESCs pluripotency. Slc25a36 deficiency (via knockdown) has been demonstrated to result in mitochondrial dysfunction, which induces the differentiation of mESCs. The expression of key pluripotency markers (Pou5f1, Sox2, Nanog, and Utf1) decreased, while that of key TE genes (Cdx2, Gata3, and Hand1) increased. Cdx2-positive cells emerged in Slc25a36-deficient colonies under trophoblast stem cell culture conditions. As a result of Slc25a36 deficiency, mtDNA of knockdown cells declined, leading to impaired mitochondria with swollen morphology, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and low numbers. The key transcription regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis also decreased. These results indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction leads to an inability to support the pluripotency maintenance. Moreover, down-regulated glutathione metabolism and up-regulated focal adhesion reinforced and stabilized the process of differentiation by separately enhancing OCT4 degradation and promoting cell spread. This study improves the understanding of the function of Slc25a36, as well as the relationship of mitochondrial function with naive pluripotency maintenance and stem cell fate decision.
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41
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Kim YI, Nam IK, Lee DK, Bhandari S, Charton L, Kwak S, Lim JY, Hong K, Kim SJ, Lee JN, Kwon SW, So HS, Linka N, Park R, Choe SK. Slc25a17 acts as a peroxisomal coenzyme A transporter and regulates multiorgan development in zebrafish. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:151-165. [PMID: 31187491 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Slc25a17 is known as a peroxisomal solute carrier, but the in vivo role of the protein has not been demonstrated. We found that the zebrafish genome contains two slc25a17 genes that function redundantly, but additively. Notably, peroxisome function in slc25a17 knockdown embryos is severely compromised, resulting in an altered lipid composition. Along the defects found in peroxisome-associated phenotypic presentations, we highlighted that development of the swim bladder is also highly dependent on Slc25a17 function. As Slc25a17 showed substrate specificity towards coenzyme A (CoA), injecting CoA, but not NAD+ , rescued the defective swim bladder induced by slc25a17 knockdown. These results indicated that Slc25a17 acts as a CoA transporter, involved in the maintenance of functional peroxisomes that are essential for the development of multiple organs during zebrafish embryogenesis. Given high homology in protein sequences, the role of zebrafish Slc25a17 may also be applicable to the mammalian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
| | - In-Koo Nam
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sushil Bhandari
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Lennart Charton
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - SeongAe Kwak
- Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - KwangHeum Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Se-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Joon No Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Seob So
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Nicole Linka
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea.,Wonkwang Medical Institute, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
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Yi Q, Li Q, Yao S, Chen Y, Guan MX, Cang X. Molecular dynamics simulations on apo ADP/ATP carrier shed new lights on the featured motif of the mitochondrial carriers. Mitochondrion 2019; 47:94-102. [PMID: 31129042 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) is a transporter responsible for the equal molar exchange of cytosolic ADP and ATP synthesized within mitochondrial matrix across the mitochondrial membrane. Its primary structure consists of three homologous repeats, and each repeat contains a conserved motif that is shared by all members of the mitochondrial carrier family (MCF). Although these MCF motif residues cluster together in the crystal structure of AAC, detailed analyses on the interactions among the motif residues are still limited. In the present study, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of up to 10 μs have been carried out on AAC, and interactions and structural dynamics of the MCF motif residues have been specifically investigated. Our simulations have revealed: i) a very asymmetrical electrostatic network at the bottom of the pocket of apo AAC, ii) the asymmetrical interactions between the Pro kink region and the [YWF][KR] G motif in three repeats, iii) the role of the conserved Arg residues in stabilizing the C-ends of the odd-numbered helices, iv) the structural change of the [YWF][KR] G motif and its potential involvement in substrate translocation process. Our results highlight the asymmetry of the MCF residues in the three repeats, which might contribute to the ability of the carriers to transport the asymmetrical substrates. Our observations provide microscopic basis for further research on the translocation mechanism of mitochondrial carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzi Yi
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shihao Yao
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ye Chen
- School of Information and Electric Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Cang
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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43
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K. B. A, Madhavan A, T. R. R, Thomas S, Nisha P. Short chain fatty acids enriched fermentation metabolites of soluble dietary fibre from Musa paradisiaca drives HT29 colon cancer cells to apoptosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216604. [PMID: 31095579 PMCID: PMC6522120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the prebiotic potential of soluble dietary fibre extracted from plantain inflorescence (PIF) was investigated. PIF demonstrated prebiotic potential by enhancing the growth of the probiotics under study and thereby hindered colon cancer development. The soluble dietary fibre from Musa paradisiaca inflorescence (PIF) was fermented using Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum. The fermentation supernatants (LS and BS) were enriched with short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and were able to initiate apoptotic signalling in HT29 colon cancer cells leading to cell death. Both BS and LS exhibited cytotoxic effect; induced DNA damage and enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species in HT29 cells leading to apoptosis. The induction of apoptosis was facilitated by the reduction of membrane potential of mitochondria and ATP synthesis; enhanced delivery of cytochrome c and interference with the expression of pro/antiapoptotic proteins. BS, which exhibited better activity, was further analysed for the identification of differentially regulated proteins by performing two dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Results emphasized on the fact that, the exposure to BSalteredthe HT29 proteins expression, particularly the upregulation of apoptosis- inducing factor-AIFM1 leading to apoptosis of HT29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. B.
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Microbial Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Reshmitha T. R.
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sithara Thomas
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - P. Nisha
- Agro Processing and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Wu T, Huang Y, Gong Y, Xu Y, Lu J, Sheng H, Ni X. Treadmill Exercise Ameliorates Depression-Like Behavior in the Rats With Prenatal Dexamethasone Exposure: The Role of Hippocampal Mitochondria. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:264. [PMID: 30971882 PMCID: PMC6443890 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to synthetic glucocorticoids (sGCs) can increase the risk of affective disorders, such as depression, in adulthood. Given that exercise training can ameliorate depression and improve mitochondrial function, we sought to investigate whether exercise can ameliorate depression-like behavior induced by prenatal sGC exposure and mitochondria function contributes to that behavior. At first, we confirmed that prenatal dexamethasone (Dex) administration in late pregnancy resulted in depression-like behavior and elevated level of circulatory corticosterone in adult offspring. We then found that mRNA and protein expression of a number of mitochondrial genes was changed in the hippocampus of Dex offspring. Mitochondria in the hippocampus showed abnormal morphology, oxidative stress and dysfunction in Dex offspring. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of the mitochondrial superoxide scavenger mitoTEMPO significantly alleviated depression-like behavior but did not significantly affect circulatory corticosterone level in Dex offspring. The adult Dex offspring treated with treadmill exercise starting at four-weeks of age showed ameliorated depressive-like behavior, improved mitochondrial morphology and function and reduced circulatory corticosterone level. Our data suggest mitochondria dysfunction contributes to depression-like behavior caused by prenatal sGC exposure. Intervention with exercise training in early life can reverse depression caused by prenatal Dex exposure, which is associated with improvement of mitochondrial function in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Wu
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiang Gong
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Xu
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Experimental Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Lu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center of Molecular Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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45
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Wang M, Lau LI, Sreekumar PG, Spee C, Hinton DR, Sadda SR, Kannan R. Characterization and Regulation of Carrier Proteins of Mitochondrial Glutathione Uptake in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:500-516. [PMID: 30707752 PMCID: PMC6360990 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To characterize two mitochondrial membrane transporters 2-oxoglutarate (OGC) and dicarboxylate (DIC) in human RPE (hRPE) and to elucidate their role in the regulation of mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) uptake and cell death in oxidative stress. Methods The localization of OGC and DIC proteins in confluent hRPE, polarized hRPE monolayers and mouse retina was assessed by immunoblotting and confocal microscopy. Time- and dose-dependent expression of the two carriers were determined after treatment of hRPE with H2O2, phenyl succinate (PS), and butyl malonate (BM), respectively, for 24 hours. The effect of inhibition of OGC and DIC on apoptosis (TUNEL), mGSH, and mtDNA was determined. Silencing of OGC by siRNA knockdown on RPE cell death was studied. Kinetics of caspase 3/7 activation with OGC and DIC inhibitors and effect of cotreatment with glutathione monoethyl ester (GSH-MEE) was determined using the IncuCyte live cell imaging. Results OGC and DIC are expressed in hRPE mitochondria and exhibited a time- and dose-dependent decrease with stress. Pharmacologic inhibition caused a decrease in OGC and DIC in mitochondria without changes in mtDNA and resulted in increased apoptosis and mGSH depletion. GSH-MEE prevented apoptosis through restoration of mGSH. OGC siRNA exacerbated apoptotic cell death in stressed RPE which was inhibited by increased mGSH from GSH-MEE cotreatment. Conclusions Characterization and mechanism of action of two carrier proteins of mGSH uptake in RPE are reported. Regulation of OGC and DIC will be of value in devising therapeutic strategies for retinal disorders such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- The Stephen J. Ryan Initiative for Macular Research (RIMR), Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Lin-Ing Lau
- The Stephen J. Ryan Initiative for Macular Research (RIMR), Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Parameswaran G Sreekumar
- The Stephen J. Ryan Initiative for Macular Research (RIMR), Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Christine Spee
- Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - David R Hinton
- Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Srinivas R Sadda
- The Stephen J. Ryan Initiative for Macular Research (RIMR), Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ram Kannan
- The Stephen J. Ryan Initiative for Macular Research (RIMR), Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
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46
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Babenko VN, Smagin DA, Galyamina AG, Kovalenko IL, Kudryavtseva NN. Altered Slc25 family gene expression as markers of mitochondrial dysfunction in brain regions under experimental mixed anxiety/depression-like disorder. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:79. [PMID: 30537945 PMCID: PMC6288882 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of anxiety- and depression-like states under chronic social defeat stress in mice has been shown by many experimental studies. In this article, the differentially expressed Slc25* family genes encoding mitochondrial carrier proteins were analyzed in the brain of depressive (defeated) mice versus aggressive mice winning in everyday social confrontations. The collected samples of brain regions were sequenced at JSC Genoanalytica ( http://genoanalytica.ru/ , Moscow, Russia). RESULTS Changes in the expression of the 20 Slc25* genes in the male mice were brain region- and social experience (positive or negative)-specific. In particular, most Slc25* genes were up-regulated in the hypothalamus of defeated and aggressive mice and in the hippocampus of defeated mice. In the striatum of defeated mice and in the ventral tegmental area of aggressive mice expression of mitochondrial transporter genes changed specifically. Significant correlations between expression of most Slc25* genes and mitochondrial Mrps and Mrpl genes were found in the brain regions. CONCLUSION Altered expression of the Slc25* genes may serve as a marker of mitochondrial dysfunction in brain, which accompanies the development of many neurological and psychoemotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Babenko
- Laboratory of Neuropathology Modeling, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia. .,Neurogenetics of Social Behavior Sector, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia. .,Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Dmitry A Smagin
- Laboratory of Neuropathology Modeling, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Neurogenetics of Social Behavior Sector, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna G Galyamina
- Laboratory of Neuropathology Modeling, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Neurogenetics of Social Behavior Sector, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina L Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Neuropathology Modeling, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Neurogenetics of Social Behavior Sector, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia N Kudryavtseva
- Laboratory of Neuropathology Modeling, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia. .,Neurogenetics of Social Behavior Sector, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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47
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Alkan HF, Walter KE, Luengo A, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Stryeck S, Lau AN, Al-Zoughbi W, Lewis CA, Thomas CJ, Hoefler G, Graier WF, Madl T, Vander Heiden MG, Bogner-Strauss JG. Cytosolic Aspartate Availability Determines Cell Survival When Glutamine Is Limiting. Cell Metab 2018; 28:706-720.e6. [PMID: 30122555 PMCID: PMC6390946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is important for aspartate biosynthesis in proliferating cells. Here, we show that mitochondrial aspartate export via the aspartate-glutamate carrier 1 (AGC1) supports cell proliferation and cellular redox homeostasis. Insufficient cytosolic aspartate delivery leads to cell death when TCA cycle carbon is reduced following glutamine withdrawal and/or glutaminase inhibition. Moreover, loss of AGC1 reduces allograft tumor growth that is further compromised by treatment with the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839. Together, these findings argue that mitochondrial aspartate export sustains cell survival in low-glutamine environments and AGC1 inhibition can synergize with glutaminase inhibition to limit tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Furkan Alkan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria; The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katharina E Walter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alba Luengo
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Corina T Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Stryeck
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Allison N Lau
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wael Al-Zoughbi
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Juliane G Bogner-Strauss
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Saraf SL, Sysol JR, Susma A, Setty S, Zhang X, Gudehithlu KP, Arruda JAL, Singh AK, Machado RF, Gordeuk VR. Progressive glomerular and tubular damage in sickle cell trait and sickle cell anemia mouse models. Transl Res 2018; 197:1-11. [PMID: 29476712 PMCID: PMC6003843 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Homozygosity for the hemoglobin (Hb) S mutation (HbSS, sickle cell anemia) results in hemoglobin polymerization under hypoxic conditions leading to vaso-occlusion and hemolysis. Sickle cell anemia affects 1:500 African Americans and is a strong risk factor for kidney disease, although the mechanisms are not well understood. Heterozygous inheritance (HbAS; sickle cell trait) affects 1:10 African Americans and is associated with an increased risk for kidney disease in some reports. Using transgenic sickle mice, we investigated the histopathologic, ultrastructural, and gene expression differences with the HbS mutation. Consistent with progressive glomerular damage, we observed progressively greater urine protein concentrations (P = 0.03), glomerular hypertrophy (P = 0.002), and glomerular cellularity (P = 0.01) in HbAA, HbAS, and HbSS mice, respectively. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated progressive podocyte foot process effacement, glomerular basement membrane thickening with reduplication, and tubular villous atrophy with the HbS mutation. Gene expression studies highlighted the differential expression of several genes involved in prostaglandin metabolism (AKR1C18), heme and iron metabolism (HbA-A2, HMOX1, SCL25A37), electrolyte balance (SLC4A1, AQP6), immunity (RSAD2, C3, UBE2O), fatty acid metabolism (FASN), hypoxia hall-mark genes (GCK, SDC3, VEGFA, ETS1, CP, BCL2), as well as genes implicated in other forms of kidney disease (PODXL, ELMO1, FRMD3, MYH9, APOA1). Pathway analysis highlighted increased gene enrichment in focal adhesion, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, and axon guidance pathways. In summary, using transgenic sickle mice, we observed that inheritance of the HbS mutation is associated with glomerular and tubular damage and identified several candidate genes and pathways for future investigation in sickle cell trait and sickle cell anemia-related kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh L Saraf
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Justin R Sysol
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alexandru Susma
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Suman Setty
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xu Zhang
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Krishnamurthy P Gudehithlu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jose A L Arruda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ashok K Singh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Roberto F Machado
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Victor R Gordeuk
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Gao X, Finnell RH, Wang H, Zheng Y. Network correlation analysis revealed potential new mechanisms for neural tube defects beyond folic acid. Birth Defects Res 2018; 110:982-993. [PMID: 29732722 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTDs) are clinically significant congenital malformations which are known to be folic acid (FA) responsive, such that supplementation significantly reduces the prevalence of NTDs. Nonetheless, some individuals fail to respond to FA supplementation; hence NTDs remain a significant public health concern. The mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of FA supplementation remain poorly understood. Mouse models have been used extensively to study the mechanisms driving neural tube closure (NTC). METHODS Microarray data of GSE51285 was downloaded from the NCBI GEO database, which contains the RNA expression profiles of livers from five NTD mouse mutants (heterozygous females) and their corresponding wildtype (WT) controls. Those five NTD mutants have different responsiveness to FA supplementation. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NTD heterozygous and WT mice, as well as the DEGs between FA-responsive and FA-resistant mutants were carefully examined. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed in order to identify genes with high correlations to either FA responsiveness or NTDs, respectively. RESULTS In total, we identified 18 genes related to the pathogenesis of NTDs, as well as 55 genes related to FA responsiveness. Eight more candidate genes (Abcc3, Gsr, Gclc, Mthfd1, Gart, Bche, Slc25a32, and Slc44a2) were identified by examining the DEGs of those genes involved in the extended folate metabolic pathway between FA-responsive and FA-resistant mutants. CONCLUSIONS Those genes are involved in mitochondrial choline metabolism, de novo purine synthesis, and glutathione generation, suggesting that formate, choline, and manipulating antioxidant levels may be effective interventions in FA-resistant NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Gao
- Institute of Developmental Biology & Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics & Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Zheng
- Institute of Developmental Biology & Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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50
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Buj R, Aird KM. Deoxyribonucleotide Triphosphate Metabolism in Cancer and Metabolic Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:177. [PMID: 29720963 PMCID: PMC5915462 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of a healthy deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) pool is critical for the proper replication and repair of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Temporal, spatial, and ratio imbalances of the four dNTPs have been shown to have a mutagenic and cytotoxic effect. It is, therefore, essential for cell homeostasis to maintain the balance between the processes of dNTP biosynthesis and degradation. Multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, such as c-Myc, p53, and mTORC1 feed into dNTP metabolism, and there is a clear role for dNTP imbalances in cancer initiation and progression. Additionally, multiple chemotherapeutics target these pathways to inhibit nucleotide synthesis. Less is understood about the role for dNTP levels in metabolic disorders and syndromes and whether alterations in dNTP levels change cancer incidence in these patients. For instance, while deficiencies in some metabolic pathways known to play a role in nucleotide synthesis are pro-tumorigenic (e.g., p53 mutations), others confer an advantage against the onset of cancer (G6PD). More recent evidence indicates that there are changes in nucleotide metabolism in diabetes, obesity, and insulin resistance; however, whether these changes play a mechanistic role is unclear. In this review, we will address the complex network of metabolic pathways, whereby cells can fuel dNTP biosynthesis and catabolism in cancer, and we will discuss the potential role for this pathway in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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