1
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Köhler I, Bivik Eding C, Kasic NK, Verma D, Enerbäck C. NOS2-derived low levels of NO drive psoriasis pathogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:449. [PMID: 38926337 PMCID: PMC11208585 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an IL-23/Th17-mediated skin disorder with a strong genetic predisposition. The impact of its susceptibility gene nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate strong NOS2 mRNA expression in psoriatic epidermis, an effect that is IL-17 dependent. However, its complete translation to protein is prevented by the IL-17-induced miR-31 implying marginally upregulated NO levels in psoriatic skin. We demonstrate that lower levels of NO, as opposed to higher levels, increase keratinocyte proliferation and mediate IL-17 downstream effects. We hypothesized that the psoriatic phenotype may be alleviated by either eliminating or increasing cellular NO levels. In fact, using the imiquimod psoriasis mouse model, we found a profound impact on the psoriatic inflammation in both IMQ-treated NOS2 KO mice and wild-type mice treated with IMQ and the NO-releasing berdazimer gel. In conclusion, we demonstrate that IL-17 induces NOS2 and fine-tunes its translation towards a window of proinflammatory and hyperproliferative effects and identify NO donor therapy as a new treatment modality for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Köhler
- Ingrid Asp Psoriasis Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Bivik Eding
- Ingrid Asp Psoriasis Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nada-Katarina Kasic
- Ingrid Asp Psoriasis Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Deepti Verma
- Ingrid Asp Psoriasis Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Enerbäck
- Ingrid Asp Psoriasis Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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2
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Kurachi T, Ishimaru H, Tadakuma R, Okaue M, Koda A, Ueda Y, Doi T. Mucopolysaccharide polysulfate increases local skin blood volume through nitric oxide production. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 114:133-140. [PMID: 38834380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharide polysulfate (MPS) is widely used as an active ingredient in topical preparations for the treatment of asteatosis and blood flow disorders. Although topical MPS products can increase cutaneous blood flow (CBF), the underlying mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to elucidate how MPS increases CBF. We investigated the association of nitric oxide (NO), a powerful mediator associated with increased local blood volume, with the blood flow-accelerating action of MPS in mice. In addition, we verified the effects of MPS on NO production in different skin cell types, such as keratinocytes (KCs), endothelial cells (ECs), and dermal fibroblasts (DFs). METHODS We used raster-scanning optoacoustic imaging mesoscopy to observe in vivo changes in the skin blood volume. NO production was determined in each cell using an NO indicator. An enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure the phosphorylated nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels in ECs, DFs, and KCs in the presence or absence of MPS. RESULTS Topical application of MPS increased the skin blood volume in mice, and this increase was abolished through the addition of NOS inhibitors. MPS promoted the dose-dependent production of NO in various cells, which caused alterations in the phosphorylation state of NOS. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that MPS promotes an increase in skin blood volume and NO production in various skin cell types. These results suggest that MPS can potentially accelerate CBF through the NO biosynthesis pathway in different skin cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Kurachi
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Ishimaru
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Ryo Tadakuma
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miu Okaue
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Koda
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuhki Ueda
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Doi
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
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3
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Chen VY, Siegfried LG, Tomic-Canic M, Stone RC, Pastar I. Cutaneous changes in diabetic patients: Primed for aberrant healing? Wound Repair Regen 2023; 31:700-712. [PMID: 37365017 PMCID: PMC10966665 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous manifestations affect most patients with diabetes mellitus, clinically presenting with numerous dermatologic diseases from xerosis to diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Skin conditions not only impose a significantly impaired quality of life on individuals with diabetes but also predispose patients to further complications. Knowledge of cutaneous biology and the wound healing process under diabetic conditions is largely limited to animal models, and studies focusing on biology of the human condition of DFUs remain limited. In this review, we discuss the critical molecular, cellular, and structural changes to the skin in the hyperglycaemic and insulin-resistant environment of diabetes with a focus specifically on human-derived data. Elucidating the breadth of the cutaneous manifestations coupled with effective diabetes management is important for improving patient quality of life and averting future complications including wound healing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Y Chen
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsey G Siegfried
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rivka C Stone
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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4
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Calabrese EJ, Agathokleous E, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Dhawan V, Manes PK, Calabrese V. Nitric oxide and hormesis. Nitric Oxide 2023; 133:1-17. [PMID: 36764605 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
This present paper provides an assessment of the occurrence of nitric oxide (NO)-induced hormetic-biphasic dose/concentration relationships in biomedical research. A substantial reporting of such NO-induced hormetic effects was identified with particular focus on wound healing, tumor promotion, and sperm biology, including mechanistic assessment and potential for translational applications. Numerous other NO-induced hormetic effects have been reported, but require more development prior to translational applications. The extensive documentation of NO-induced biphasic responses, across numerous organs (e.g., bone, cardiovascular, immune, intestine, and neuronal) and cell types, suggests that NO-induced biological activities are substantially mediated via hormetic processes. These observations are particularly important because broad areas of NO biology are constrained by the quantitative features of the hormetic response. This determines the amplitude and width of the low dose stimulation, affecting numerous biomedical implications, study design features (e.g., number of doses, dose spacing, sample sizes, statistical power), and the potential success of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | | | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Vikas Dhawan
- Department of Surgery, Indian Naval Ship Hospital, Mumbai, India.
| | | | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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5
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Novel Insights into the Role of Keratinocytes-Expressed TRPV3 in the Skin. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030513. [PMID: 36979447 PMCID: PMC10046267 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPV3 is a non-selective cation channel that is highly expressed in keratinocytes in the skin. Traditionally, keratinocytes-expressed TRPV3 is involved in multiple physiological and pathological functions of the skin, such as itching, heat pain, and hair development. Although the underlying mechanisms by which TRPV3 functions in vivo remain obscure, recent research studies suggest that several cytokines and EGFR signaling pathways may be involved. However, there have also been other studies with opposite results that question the role of TRPV3 in heat pain. In addition, an increasing number of studies have suggested a novel role of TRPV3 in promoting skin regeneration, indicating that TRPV3 may become a new potential target for regulating skin regeneration. This paper not only reviews the role of keratinocytes-expressed TRPV3 in the physiological and pathological processes of itching, heat pain, hair development, and skin regeneration, but also reviews the relationship between TRPV3 gene mutations and skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and Olmsted syndrome (OS). This review will lay a foundation for further developing our understanding of the mechanisms by which TRPV3 is involved in itching, heat pain, and hair development, as well as the treatments for TRPV3-related skin diseases.
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6
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Krizanova O, Penesova A, Sokol J, Hokynkova A, Samadian A, Babula P. Signaling pathways in cutaneous wound healing. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1030851. [PMID: 36505088 PMCID: PMC9732733 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1030851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a very complex process, where variety of different pathways is activated, depending on the phase of healing. Improper or interrupted healing might result in development of chronic wounds. Therefore, novel approaches based on detailed knowledge of signalling pathways that are activated during acute or chronic cutaneous wound healing enables quicker and more effective healing. This review outlined new possibilities of cutaneous wound healing by modulation of some signalling molecules, e.g., gasotransmitters, or calcium. Special focus is given to gasotransmitters, since these bioactive signalling molecules that can freely diffuse into the cell and exert antioxidative effects. Calcium is an important booster of immune system and it can significantly contribute to healing process. Special interest is given to chronic wounds caused by diabetes mellitus and overcoming problems with the inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Krizanova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adela Penesova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Sokol
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Alica Hokynkova
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Amir Samadian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia,*Correspondence: Petr Babula,
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7
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Ben-Yehuda Greenwald M, Liu YH, Li W, Hiebert P, Zubair M, Tenor H, Braun T, Naef R, Razansky D, Werner S. Topical Wound Treatment with a Nitric Oxide-Releasing PDE5 Inhibitor Formulation Enhances Blood Perfusion and Promotes Healing in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2358. [PMID: 36365176 PMCID: PMC9696390 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic, non-healing wounds constitute a major health problem, and the current therapeutic options are limited. Therefore, pharmaceuticals that can be locally applied to complicated wounds are urgently needed. Such treatments should directly target the underlying causes, which include diabetes mellitus, chronic local pressure and/or vascular insufficiency. A common consequence of these disorders is impaired wound angiogenesis. Here, we investigated the effect of topical application of a nitric oxide-releasing phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (TOP-N53)-containing liquid hydrogel on wound repair in mice. The drug-loaded hydrogel promoted re-epithelialization and angiogenesis in wounds of healthy and healing-impaired diabetic mice. Using a non-invasive label-free optoacoustic microscopy approach combined with automated vessel analysis, we show that the topical application of TOP-N53 formulation increases the microvascular network density and promotes the functionality of the newly formed blood vessels, resulting in enhanced blood perfusion of the wounds. These results demonstrate a remarkable healing-stimulating activity of topically applied TOP-N53 formulation, supporting its further development as a wound therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ben-Yehuda Greenwald
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Hang Liu
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Weiye Li
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hiebert
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Zubair
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hermann Tenor
- Topadur Pharma AG, Grabenstrasse 11A, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Braun
- Topadur Pharma AG, Grabenstrasse 11A, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Reto Naef
- Topadur Pharma AG, Grabenstrasse 11A, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Dihydroquercetin composite nanofibrous membrane prevents UVA radiation-mediated inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress by modulating MAPKs/Nrf2 signaling in human epidermal keratinocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113727. [PMID: 36156260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a key cause of skin inflammation and photodamage in the environment. Dihydroquercetin composite nanofiber membrane (CPD) is a nano-scale membrane cloth prepared by electrospinning technology. The results in this study showed that CPD could enhance the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GSH-Px induced by UVA radiation, and reduce the overexpression of ROS. MAPKs/Nrf2 signaling is associated with inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Compared with control HaCaT cells, we found that CPD pretreatment prevents MAPK (p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-P38)/Nrf2-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress signaling during UVA exposure pathway overexpression. Immunofluorescence experiments also showed that CPD could reduce the fluorescence intensity of Caspase-3 and TNF-α. These results suggest that CPD may be a successful healing agent that provides reinforcement against UVA-induced oxidative and irritating skin compensation.
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9
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Enhancement of Nitric Oxide Bioavailability by Modulation of Cutaneous Nitric Oxide Stores. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092124. [PMID: 36140225 PMCID: PMC9496039 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of nitric oxide (NO) in the skin plays a critical role in wound healing and the response to several stimuli, such as UV exposure, heat, infection, and inflammation. Furthermore, in the human body, NO is involved in vascular homeostasis and the regulation of blood pressure. Physiologically, a family of enzymes termed nitric oxide synthases (NOS) generates NO. In addition, there are many methods of non-enzymatic/NOS-independent NO generation, e.g., the reduction of NO derivates (NODs) such as nitrite, nitrate, and nitrosylated proteins under certain conditions. The skin is the largest and heaviest human organ and contains a comparatively high concentration of these NODs; therefore, it represents a promising target for many therapeutic strategies for NO-dependent pathological conditions. In this review, we give an overview of how the cutaneous NOD stores can be targeted and modulated, leading to a further accumulation of NO-related compounds and/or the local and systemic release of bioactive NO, and eventually, NO-related physiological effects with a potential therapeutical use for diseases such as hypertension, disturbed microcirculation, impaired wound healing, and skin infections.
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10
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Calabrese EJ, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Agathokleous E, Calabrese V. Hormesis: Wound healing and keratinocytes. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106393. [PMID: 35961478 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hormetic dose responses (i.e., a biphasic dose/concentration response characterized by a low dose stimulation and a high dose inhibition) are shown herein to be commonly reported in the dermal wound healing process, with the particular focus on cell viability, proliferation, and migration of human keratinocytes in in vitro studies. Hormetic responses are induced by a wide range of substances, including endogenous agents, numerous drug and nanoparticle preparations and especially plant derived extracts, including many well-known dietary supplements as well as physical stressor agents, such as low-level laser treatments. Detailed mechanistic studies have identified common signaling pathways and their cross-pathway communications that mediate the hormetic dose responses. These findings suggest that the concept of hormesis plays a fundamental role in wound healing, with important potential implications for agent screening and evaluation, as well as clinical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Professor of Toxicology; School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD); University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, India.
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center; Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology; Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology; Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania 95123, Italy.
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11
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Man MQ, Wakefield JS, Mauro TM, Elias PM. Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Cutaneous Inflammation. Inflammation 2022; 45:949-964. [PMID: 35094214 PMCID: PMC11249049 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a signaling molecule, regulates biological functions in multiple organs/tissues, including the epidermis, where it impacts permeability barrier homeostasis, wound healing, and antimicrobial defense. In addition, NO participates in cutaneous inflammation, where it exhibits pro-inflammatory properties via the cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin pathway, migration of inflammatory cells, and cytokine production. Yet, NO can also inhibit cutaneous inflammation through inhibition of T cell proliferation and leukocyte migration/infiltration, enhancement of T cell apoptosis, as well as through down-regulation of cytokine production. Topical applications of NO-releasing products can alleviate atopic dermatitis in humans and in murine disease models. The underlying mechanisms of these discrepant effects of NO on cutaneous inflammation remain unknown. In this review, we briefly review the regulatory role of NO in cutaneous inflammation and its potential, underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Qiang Man
- Dermatology Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, China.
| | - Joan S Wakefield
- Dermatology Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theodora M Mauro
- Dermatology Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter M Elias
- Dermatology Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Caballano-Infantes E, Cahuana GM, Bedoya FJ, Salguero-Aranda C, Tejedo JR. The Role of Nitric Oxide in Stem Cell Biology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:497. [PMID: 35326146 PMCID: PMC8944807 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous biomolecule endogenously synthesized with an essential role in embryonic development and several physiological functions, such as regulating mitochondrial respiration and modulation of the immune response. The dual role of NO in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) has been previously reported, preserving pluripotency and cell survival or inducing differentiation with a dose-dependent pattern. In this line, high doses of NO have been used in vitro cultures to induce focused differentiation toward different cell lineages being a key molecule in the regenerative medicine field. Moreover, optimal conditions to promote pluripotency in vitro are essential for their use in advanced therapies. In this sense, the molecular mechanisms underlying stemness regulation by NO have been studied intensively over the current years. Recently, we have reported the role of low NO as a hypoxia-like inducer in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which supports using this molecule to maintain pluripotency under normoxic conditions. In this review, we stress the role of NO levels on stem cells (SCs) fate as a new approach for potential cell therapy strategies. Furthermore, we highlight the recent uses of NO in regenerative medicine due to their properties regulating SCs biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Caballano-Infantes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.M.C.); (F.J.B.)
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Gladys Margot Cahuana
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.M.C.); (F.J.B.)
- Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Bedoya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.M.C.); (F.J.B.)
- Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Salguero-Aranda
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, CSIC-University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology-CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan R. Tejedo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain; (G.M.C.); (F.J.B.)
- Biomedical Research Network for Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Man MQ, Wakefield JS, Mauro TM, Elias PM. Role of nitric oxide in regulating epidermal permeability barrier function. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:290-298. [PMID: 34665906 PMCID: PMC8897205 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical molecule synthesized by nitric oxide synthases (NOS), regulates multiple cellular functions in a variety of cell types. These NOS, including endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and neural NOS (nNOS), are expressed in keratinocytes. Expression levels of both iNOS and nNOS decrease with ageing, and insufficient NO has been linked to the development of a number of disorders such as diabetes and hypertension, and to the severity of atherosclerosis. Conversely, excessive NO levels can induce cellular oxidative stress, but physiological levels of NO are required to maintain the normal functioning of cells, including keratinocytes. NO also regulates cutaneous functions, including epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis and wound healing, through its stimulation of keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation and lipid metabolism. Topical applications of a diverse group of agents which generate nitric oxide (called NO donors) such as S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) can delay permeability barrier recovery in barrier-disrupted skin, but iNOS is still required for epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis. This review summarizes the regulatory role that NO plays in epidermal permeability barrier functions and the underlying mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Qiang Man
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA,Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510091, China
| | - Joan S. Wakefield
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theodora M. Mauro
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, and Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
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14
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Huang Y, Suguro R, Hu W, Zheng J, Liu Y, Guan M, Zhou N, Zhang X. Nitric oxide and thyroid carcinoma: A review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1050656. [PMID: 36699047 PMCID: PMC9870175 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1050656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine cancer in the world, and its incidence has been steadily increasing in recent years. Despite its relatively good prognosis, therapies have not improved greatly in recent years. Therefore, exploring new therapies for thyroid carcinoma represents an unmet need. Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-term endogenous signaling molecule that plays a vital role in various physiological and pathological processes and is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Many studies have been conducted over the past decades to explain its correlation to cancer. NO exerts a wide range of effects on cancer, involving angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle, invasion, and metastasis. It also serves a dual function by promoting and halting tumor development simultaneously. The relationship between NO and thyroid carcinoma has been intensively studied and discussed. This paper reviews the role and molecular mechanism of NO in thyroid carcinoma and discusses potentials of prevention and treatment of thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Rinkiko Suguro
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jiayu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingxin Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Na Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Na Zhou, ; Xin Zhang,
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Na Zhou, ; Xin Zhang,
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15
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Hasan N, Lee J, Ahn HJ, Hwang WR, Bahar MA, Habibie H, Amir MN, Lallo S, Son HJ, Yoo JW. Nitric Oxide-Releasing Bacterial Cellulose/Chitosan Crosslinked Hydrogels for the Treatment of Polymicrobial Wound Infections. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:22. [PMID: 35056917 PMCID: PMC8779945 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymicrobial wound infections are a major cause of infectious disease-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this study, we prepared a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing oxidized bacterial cellulose/chitosan (BCTO/CHI) crosslinked hydrogel to effectively treat polymicrobial wound infections. Linear polyethyleneimine diazeniumdiolate (PEI/NO) was used as the NO donor. The aldehyde group of BCTO and the amine of CHI were used as crosslinked hydrogel-based materials; their high NO loading capacity and antibacterial activity on the treatment of polymicrobial-infected wounds were investigated. The blank and NO-loaded crosslinked hydrogels, namely BCTO-CHI and BCTO-CHI-PEI/NO, were characterized according to their morphologies, chemical properties, and drug loading. BCTO-CHI-PEI/NO exhibited sustained drug release over four days. The high NO loading of BCTO-CHI-PEI/NO enhanced the bactericidal efficacy against multiple bacteria compared with BCTO-CHI. Furthermore, compared with blank hydrogels, BCTO-CHI-PEI/NO has a favorable rheological property due to the addition of a polymer-based NO donor. Moreover, BCTO-CHI-PEI/NO significantly accelerated wound healing and re-epithelialization in a mouse model of polymicrobial-infected wounds. We also found that both crosslinked hydrogels were nontoxic to healthy mammalian fibroblast cells. Therefore, our data suggest that the BCTO-CHI-PEI/NO developed in this study improves the efficacy of NO in the treatment of polymicrobial wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhasni Hasan
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (N.H.); (J.L.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (M.A.B.); (H.H.); (M.N.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Juho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (N.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Hye-Jin Ahn
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.A.); (W.R.H.)
| | - Wook Ryol Hwang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.A.); (W.R.H.)
| | - Muhammad Akbar Bahar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (M.A.B.); (H.H.); (M.N.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Habibie Habibie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (M.A.B.); (H.H.); (M.N.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Muhammad Nur Amir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (M.A.B.); (H.H.); (M.N.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Subehan Lallo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (M.A.B.); (H.H.); (M.N.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Hong-Joo Son
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627706, Korea;
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (N.H.); (J.L.)
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16
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The Relationship of Glutathione- S-Transferase and Multi-Drug Resistance-Related Protein 1 in Nitric Oxide (NO) Transport and Storage. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195784. [PMID: 34641326 PMCID: PMC8510172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a diatomic gas that has traditionally been viewed, particularly in the context of chemical fields, as a toxic, pungent gas that is the product of ammonia oxidation. However, nitric oxide has been associated with many biological roles including cell signaling, macrophage cytotoxicity, and vasodilation. More recently, a model for nitric oxide trafficking has been proposed where nitric oxide is regulated in the form of dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron-complexes, which are much less toxic and have a significantly greater half-life than free nitric oxide. Our laboratory has previously examined this hypothesis in tumor cells and has demonstrated that dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron-complexes are transported and stored by multi-drug resistance-related protein 1 and glutathione-S-transferase P1. A crystal structure of a dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron complex with glutathione-S-transferase P1 has been solved that demonstrates that a tyrosine residue in glutathione-S-transferase P1 is responsible for binding dinitrosyl-dithiol-iron-complexes. Considering the roles of nitric oxide in vasodilation and many other processes, a physiological model of nitric oxide transport and storage would be valuable in understanding nitric oxide physiology and pathophysiology.
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17
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Chen YC, Chen YH, Chiu H, Ko YH, Wang RT, Wang WP, Chuang YJ, Huang CC, Lu TT. Cell-Penetrating Delivery of Nitric Oxide by Biocompatible Dinitrosyl Iron Complex and Its Dermato-Physiological Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810101. [PMID: 34576264 PMCID: PMC8469893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After the discovery of endogenous dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) as a potential biological equivalent of nitric oxide (NO), bioinorganic engineering of [Fe(NO)2] unit has emerged to develop biomimetic DNICs [(NO)2Fe(L)2] as a chemical biology tool for controlled delivery of NO. For example, water-soluble DNIC [Fe2(μ-SCH2CH2OH)2(NO)4] (DNIC-1) was explored for oral delivery of NO to the brain and for the activation of hippocampal neurogenesis. However, the kinetics and mechanism for cellular uptake and intracellular release of NO, as well as the biocompatibility of synthetic DNICs, remain elusive. Prompted by the potential application of NO to dermato-physiological regulations, in this study, cellular uptake and intracellular delivery of DNIC [Fe2(μ-SCH2CH2COOH)2(NO)4] (DNIC-2) and its regulatory effect/biocompatibility toward epidermal cells were investigated. Upon the treatment of DNIC-2 to human fibroblast cells, cellular uptake of DNIC-2 followed by transformation into protein-bound DNICs occur to trigger the intracellular release of NO with a half-life of 1.8 ± 0.2 h. As opposed to the burst release of extracellular NO from diethylamine NONOate (DEANO), the cell-penetrating nature of DNIC-2 rationalizes its overwhelming efficacy for intracellular delivery of NO. Moreover, NO-delivery DNIC-2 can regulate cell proliferation, accelerate wound healing, and enhance the deposition of collagen in human fibroblast cells. Based on the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility evaluation, biocompatible DNIC-2 holds the potential to be a novel active ingredient for skincare products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Medical Science & Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-H.K.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Yi-Hong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Han Chiu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Yi-Hsuan Ko
- Department of Medical Science & Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-H.K.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Ruei-Ting Wang
- CHLITINA Research and Development Center, CHLITINA Holding Ltd., Taipei 10073, Taiwan; (R.-T.W.); (W.-P.W.)
| | - Wei-Ping Wang
- CHLITINA Research and Development Center, CHLITINA Holding Ltd., Taipei 10073, Taiwan; (R.-T.W.); (W.-P.W.)
| | - Yung-Jen Chuang
- Department of Medical Science & Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-H.K.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Chieh-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (T.-T.L.)
| | - Tsai-Te Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (T.-T.L.)
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18
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Ghalei S, Hopkins S, Douglass M, Garren M, Mondal A, Handa H. Nitric oxide releasing halloysite nanotubes for biomedical applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 590:277-289. [PMID: 33548611 PMCID: PMC7933102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are natural aluminosilicate clay that have been extensivelyexplored fordelivery of bioactive agents in biomedical applications because of their desirable features including unique hollow tubular structure, good biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, and extensive functionality. For the first time, in this work, functionalized HNTs are developed as a delivery platform for nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous molecule, known for its important roles in the regulation of various physiological processes. HNTs were first hydroxylated and modified with an aminosilane crosslinker, (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS), to enable the covalent attachment of a NO donor precursor, N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (NAP). HNT-NAP particles were then converted to NO-releasing S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine HNT-SNAP by nitrosation. The total NO loading on the resulting nanotubes was 0.10 ± 0.07 μmol/mg which could be released using different stimuli such as heat and light. Qualitative (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Nuclear magnetic resonance) and quantitative (Ninhydrin and Ellman) analyses were performed to confirm successful functionalization of HNTs at each step. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed that the hollow tubular morphology of the HNTs was preserved after modification. HNT-SNAP showed concentration-dependent antibacterial effects against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), resulting in up to 99.6% killing efficiency at a concentration of 10 mg/mL as compared to the control. Moreover, no significant cytotoxicity toward 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells was observed at concentrations equal or below 2 mg/mL of HNT-SNAP according to a WST-8-based cytotoxicity assay. The SNAP-functionalized HNTs represent a novel and efficient NO delivery system that holds the potential to be used, either alone or in combination with polymers for different biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Ghalei
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, United States
| | - Sean Hopkins
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, United States
| | - Megan Douglass
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, United States
| | - Mark Garren
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, United States
| | - Arnab Mondal
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, United States
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, United States.
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19
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Ahmed R, Afreen A, Tariq M, Zahid AA, Masoud MS, Ahmed M, Ali I, Akram Z, Hasan A. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells preconditioned with nitric-oxide-releasing chitosan/PVA hydrogel accelerate diabetic wound healing in rabbits. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abc28b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Soni Y, Softness K, Arora H, Ramasamy R. The Yin Yang Role of Nitric Oxide in Prostate Cancer. Am J Mens Health 2021; 14:1557988320903191. [PMID: 32028831 PMCID: PMC7008561 DOI: 10.1177/1557988320903191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule in the human body with well-known roles in many different processes and organ systems. In cancer, the two-concentrations hypothesis of NO has dictated that low levels of NO are cancer promoting, while high levels of NO are protective against cancer. Although prostate cancer is a hormonally driven malignancy, research has been shifting away from androgen-responsive epithelial cells and evolving to focus on NO therapies, the tumor microenvironment (TME), and inflammation. NO is reported to be able to inhibit activity of the androgen receptor. This may prevent prostate growth, but low levels of NO could conversely select for castration-resistant prostate cells, creating an aggressive cancer phenotype. At high levels, nitrosative stress created from NO overproduction can be protective against prostate neoplasia. In this review, we discuss development and possibilities of NO-based therapies for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Soni
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth Softness
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Himanshu Arora
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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21
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Dang E, Man G, Zhang J, Lee D, Mauro TM, Elias PM, Man MQ. Inducible nitric oxide synthase is required for epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis in mice. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:1027-1032. [PMID: 32794261 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates a variety of epidermal functions, including epidermal proliferation, differentiation and cutaneous wound healing. However, whether nitric oxide (NO) and its synthetic enzymes regulate epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis is not clear. In the present study, we employed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) KO mice to explore the role of iNOS in epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis. Our results showed that iNOS mice displayed a comparable levels of basal transepidermal water loss rates, stratum corneum hydration and skin surface pH to their wild-type mice, but epidermal permeability barrier recovery was significantly delayed both 2 and 4 hours after acute barrier disruption by tape stripping. In parallel, expression levels of mRNA for epidermal differentiation-related proteins and lipid synthetic enzymes were lower in iNOS KO mice versus wild-type controls. Topical applications of two structurally unrelated NO donors to iNOS KO mice improved permeability barrier recovery kinetics and upregulated expression levels of mRNA for epidermal differentiation-related proteins and lipid synthetic enzymes. Together, these results indicate that iNOS and its product regulate epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erle Dang
- Dermatology Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - George Man
- Dermatology Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiechen Zhang
- Dermatology Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dale Lee
- Dermatology Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theodora M Mauro
- Dermatology Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter M Elias
- Dermatology Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mao-Qiang Man
- Dermatology Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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22
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Sutter CH, Rainwater HM, Sutter TR. Contributions of Nitric Oxide to AHR-Ligand-Mediated Keratinocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165680. [PMID: 32784365 PMCID: PMC7460822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) accelerates keratinocyte terminal differentiation through metabolic reprogramming and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Of the three NOS isoforms, NOS3 is significantly increased at both the RNA and protein levels by exposure to the very potent and selective ligand of the AHR, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Inhibition of NOS with the chemical N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) reversed TCDD-induced cornified envelope formation, an endpoint of terminal differentiation, as well as the expression of filaggrin (FLG), a marker of differentiation. Conversely, exposure to the NO-donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP), increased the number of cornified envelopes above control levels and augmented the levels of cornified envelopes formed in response to TCDD treatment and increased the expression of FLG. This indicates that nitric oxide signaling can increase keratinocyte differentiation and that it is involved in the AHR-mediated acceleration of differentiation. As the nitrosylation of cysteines is a mechanism by which NO affects the structure and functions of proteins, the S-nitrosylation biotin switch technique was used to measure protein S-nitrosylation. Activation of the AHR increased the S-nitrosylation of two detected proteins of about 72 and 20 kD in size. These results provide new insights into the role of NO and protein nitrosylation in the process of epithelial cell differentiation, suggesting a role of NOS in metabolic reprogramming and the regulation of epithelial cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Hayes Sutter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (H.M.R.); (T.R.S.)
- W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Haley M. Rainwater
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (H.M.R.); (T.R.S.)
| | - Thomas R. Sutter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (H.M.R.); (T.R.S.)
- W. Harry Feinstone Center for Genomic Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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23
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Ben-Yehuda Greenwald M, Tacconi C, Jukic M, Joshi N, Hiebert P, Brinckmann J, Tenor H, Naef R, Werner S. A Dual-Acting Nitric Oxide Donor and Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor Promotes Wound Healing in Normal Mice and Mice with Diabetes. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:415-426. [PMID: 32598925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds affect a large percentage of the population worldwide and cause significant morbidity. Unfortunately, efficient compounds for the treatment of chronic wounds are yet not available. Endothelial dysfunction, which is at least in part a result of compromised nitric oxide production and concomitant reduction in cGMP levels, is a major pathologic feature of chronic wounds. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a compound with a unique dual-acting activity (TOP-N53), acting as a nitric oxide donor and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, and applied it locally to full-thickness skin wounds in healthy and healing-impaired mice with diabetes. TOP-N53 promoted keratinocyte proliferation, angiogenesis, and collagen maturation in healthy mice without accelerating the wound inflammatory response or scar formation. Most importantly, it partially rescued the healing impairment of mice with genetically determined type II diabetes (db/db) by stimulating re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation, including angiogenesis. In vitro studies with human and murine primary cells showed a positive effect of TOP-N53 on keratinocyte and fibroblast migration, keratinocyte proliferation, and endothelial cell migration and tube formation. These results demonstrate a remarkable healing-promoting activity of TOP-N53 by targeting the major resident cells in the wound tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marko Jukic
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natasha Joshi
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hiebert
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Brinckmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lubeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Reto Naef
- Topadur Pharma AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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24
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Pinto RV, Wang S, Tavares SR, Pires J, Antunes F, Vimont A, Clet G, Daturi M, Maurin G, Serre C, Pinto ML. Tuning Cellular Biological Functions Through the Controlled Release of NO from a Porous Ti‐MOF. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5135-5143. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosana V. Pinto
- CERENA.Departamento de Engenharia QuímicaInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica e CQEFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de Lisboa 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Sujing Wang
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, UMR 8004 CNRSEcole Normale SupérieureEcole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de ParisPSL University 75005 Paris France
- Current address: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Sergio R. Tavares
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253 CNRSUniversité de Montpellier Place E. Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - João Pires
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica e CQEFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de Lisboa 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Fernando Antunes
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica e CQEFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de Lisboa 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Alexandre Vimont
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAENUNICAENCNRSLaboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie 14000 Caen France
| | - Guillaume Clet
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAENUNICAENCNRSLaboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie 14000 Caen France
| | - Marco Daturi
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAENUNICAENCNRSLaboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie 14000 Caen France
| | - Guillaume Maurin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253 CNRSUniversité de Montpellier Place E. Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Christian Serre
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, UMR 8004 CNRSEcole Normale SupérieureEcole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de ParisPSL University 75005 Paris France
| | - Moisés L. Pinto
- CERENA.Departamento de Engenharia QuímicaInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
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Pinto RV, Wang S, Tavares SR, Pires J, Antunes F, Vimont A, Clet G, Daturi M, Maurin G, Serre C, Pinto ML. Tuning Cellular Biological Functions Through the Controlled Release of NO from a Porous Ti‐MOF. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosana V. Pinto
- CERENA.Departamento de Engenharia QuímicaInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica e CQEFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de Lisboa 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Sujing Wang
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, UMR 8004 CNRSEcole Normale SupérieureEcole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de ParisPSL University 75005 Paris France
- Current address: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Sergio R. Tavares
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253 CNRSUniversité de Montpellier Place E. Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - João Pires
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica e CQEFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de Lisboa 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Fernando Antunes
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica e CQEFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de Lisboa 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Alexandre Vimont
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAENUNICAENCNRSLaboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie 14000 Caen France
| | - Guillaume Clet
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAENUNICAENCNRSLaboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie 14000 Caen France
| | - Marco Daturi
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAENUNICAENCNRSLaboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie 14000 Caen France
| | - Guillaume Maurin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR 5253 CNRSUniversité de Montpellier Place E. Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Christian Serre
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, UMR 8004 CNRSEcole Normale SupérieureEcole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de ParisPSL University 75005 Paris France
| | - Moisés L. Pinto
- CERENA.Departamento de Engenharia QuímicaInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
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Dalisson B, Barralet J. Bioinorganics and Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900764. [PMID: 31402608 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wound dressings and the healing enhancement (increasing healing speed and quality) are two components of wound care that lead to a proper healing. Wound care today consists mostly of providing an optimal environment by removing waste and necrotic tissues from a wound, preventing infections, and keeping the wounds adequately moist. This is however often not enough to re-establish the healing process in chronic wounds; with the local disruption of vascularization, the local environment is lacking oxygen, nutrients, and has a modified ionic and molecular concentration which limits the healing process. This disruption may affect cellular ionic pumps, energy production, chemotaxis, etc., and will affect the healing process. Biomaterials for wound healing range from simple absorbents to sophisticated bioactive delivery vehicles. Often placing a material in or on a wound can change multiple parameters such as pH, ionic concentration, and osmolarity, and it can be challenging to pinpoint key mechanism of action. This article reviews the literature of several inorganic ions and molecules and their potential effects on the different wound healing phases and their use in new wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jake Barralet
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill University Montreal H3A 1G1 QC Canada
- Division of OrthopaedicsDepartment of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMcGill University Montreal H4A 0A9 QC Canada
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27
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Chen F, Tang Y, Sun Y, Veeraraghavan VP, Mohan SK, Cui C. 6-shogaol, a active constiuents of ginger prevents UVB radiation mediated inflammation and oxidative stress through modulating NrF2 signaling in human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2019; 197:111518. [PMID: 31202076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Disclosure of ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the key feature from environment to cause redness of the skin, inflammation, photoaging and skin cancer. 6-Shogaol, a spicy compound secluded from ginger, which shows anti-inflammatory effects. Present study was demonstrated the role of 6-Shogaol on UVB induced oxidative stress and photoaging signaling in human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). In this study, UVB-irratiation (180 mJ/cm2) significantly elevated the intracellular ROS levels, depletion of antioxidants resulted in apoptotic HaCaT cells. MAPKs signaling are concerned in oxidative stress; these signaling events are measured as differentiation. We found that 6-shogaol prevents over expression of MAPKs (ERK1, JNK1 & p38), in disclosure of UVB in HaCaT cells. Moreover, 6-shogaol infringed Bax and Bcl-2 in which 20 μg 6-shogaol influenced apoptosis in HaCaT cells by investigating augmented appearance of Bax and condensed appearance of Bcl-2 in contrast to control HaCaT cells. These results suggest that 6-shogaol could be a successful healing agent provides fortification against UVB-induced provocative and oxidative skin reimbursement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Dermatology Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yujia Sun
- Department of Operating Room, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences,Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Applied Medical Sciences - Jubail (CAMSJ), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.Box 4030, Al Ansar Rd, Deffi, Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chuanxin Cui
- Dermatology Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
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Mondanelli G, Iacono A, Allegrucci M, Puccetti P, Grohmann U. Immunoregulatory Interplay Between Arginine and Tryptophan Metabolism in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1565. [PMID: 31354721 PMCID: PMC6629926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberta Iacono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Allegrucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Malone-Povolny MJ, Maloney SE, Schoenfisch MH. Nitric Oxide Therapy for Diabetic Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801210. [PMID: 30645055 PMCID: PMC6774257 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) represents a potential wound therapeutic agent due to its ability to regulate inflammation and eradicate bacterial infections. Two broad strategies exist to utilize NO for wound healing; liberating NO from endogenous reservoirs, and supplementing NO from exogenous sources. This progress report examines the efficacy of a variety of NO-based methods to improve wound outcomes, with particular attention given to diabetes-associated chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie J Malone-Povolny
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sara E Maloney
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mark H Schoenfisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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30
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Mondanelli G, Iacono A, Carvalho A, Orabona C, Volpi C, Pallotta MT, Matino D, Esposito S, Grohmann U. Amino acid metabolism as drug target in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:334-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Garza ZCF, Born M, Hilbers PAJ, van Riel NAW, Liebmann J. Visible Blue Light Therapy: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:5564-5577. [PMID: 28748760 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170727112206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visible light is absorbed by photoacceptors in pigmented and non-pigmented mammalian cells, activating signaling cascades and downstream mechanisms that lead to the modulation of cellular processes. Most studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications of UV and the red to near infrared regions of the visible spectrum. Considerably less effort has been dedicated to the blue, UV-free part of the spectrum. OBJECTIVE In this review, we discuss the current advances in the understanding of the molecular photoacceptors, signaling mechanisms, and corresponding therapeutic opportunities of blue light photoreception in non-visual mammalian cells in the context of inflammatory skin conditions. METHODS The literature was scanned for peer-reviewed articles focusing on the molecular mechanisms, cellular effects, and therapeutic applications of blue light. RESULTS At a molecular level, blue light is absorbed by flavins, porphyrins, nitrosated proteins, and opsins; inducing the generation of ROS, nitric oxide release, and the activation of G protein coupled signaling. Limited and contrasting results have been reported on the cellular effects of blue light induced signaling. Some investigations describe a regulation of proliferation and differentiation or a modulation of inflammatory parameters; others show growth inhibition and apoptosis. Regardless of the elusive underlying mechanism, clinical studies show that blue light is beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions. CONCLUSION To strengthen the use of blue light for therapeutic purposes, further in depth studies are clearly needed with regard to its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms, and their translation into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Félix Garza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - M Born
- Philips GmbH, Innovative Technologies, Aachen, Germany
| | - P A J Hilbers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - N A W van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - J Liebmann
- Philips GmbH, Innovative Technologies, Aachen, Germany
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Increase of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) during late wound repair: Hydrogen sulfide triggers cytokeratin 10 expression in keratinocytes. Nitric Oxide 2019; 87:31-42. [PMID: 30862476 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The gaseous mediators nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and lately also hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been described to contribute to the interplay of protein type- and lipid mediators in the regulation of wound healing. In particular, the recently reported role of H2S in skin repair remains largely unresolved. Therefore we assessed the expressional kinetics of potential H2S-producing enzymes during undisturbed skin repair: the cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), the cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and the 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST). All three enzymes were not transcriptionally induced upon wounding and remained silent through the acute inflammatory and proliferative phase of skin repair. By contrast, CSE expression started to increase significantly at the later stages of healing, when cellular proliferation ceases within the granulation tissue and neoepidermis. The importance of H2S production in late healing phases was supported by a strong induction of otherwise not-induced CBS to complement the loss of CSE function in CSE-deficient mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed hair follicle keratinocytes and basal keratinocytes of the neo-epidermis covering the wound area as sources of CSE expression. Subsequent in vitro studies implicated a role of CSE-derived H2S for keratinocyte differentiation: the H2S-donor GYY4137 markedly increased the Ca2+-triggered expression of the early keratinocyte differentiation markers cytokeratin 10 (CK10) and involucrin (IVN) in cultured human keratinocytes. Here, GYY4137-derived H2S strongly enhanced CK10 expression by increasing the binding of RNA polymerase II to the CK10 promoter.
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Gan L, Duan J, Zhang S, Liu X, Poorun D, Liu X, Lu X, Duan X, Liu D, Chen H. Cold atmospheric plasma ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis in mice by mediating antiproliferative effects. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:269-280. [PMID: 30663913 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1564920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic hyperproliferative skin disease characterised by excessive growth of keratinocytes. Indeed, inducing keratinocyte apoptosis is a key mechanism responsible for psoriatic plaques clearance following some important existing therapies, which display pro-oxidant activity. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), acting as a tuneable source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), can controllably transfer RONS to the cellular environment, deliver antiproliferative RONS concentrations and exert antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects. This study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic potential of CAP in psoriasis. We used cell models of psoriasis-like inflammation by adding lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) to HaCaT keratinocytes. Indirect plasma, plasma-activated medium (PAM), was administered to HaCaT cells. Atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) was applied directly to imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasiform dermatitis in mice. The results showed that PAM induced an increase in intracellular ROS and caused keratinocyte apoptosis. Moreover, cells under inflammation showed lesser viability and larger apoptosis rate. With repeated administration of APPJ, psoriasiform lesions showed ameliorated morphological manifestation and reduced epidermal proliferation. Overall, this study supports that CAP holds good potential in psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- a Department of Dermatology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Jiangwei Duan
- b State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Song Zhang
- a Department of Dermatology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Xin Liu
- b State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Devesh Poorun
- a Department of Dermatology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- a Department of Dermatology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Xinpei Lu
- b State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Xiaoru Duan
- a Department of Dermatology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Dawei Liu
- b State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- a Department of Dermatology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
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Psoriasis and Respiratory Comorbidities: The Added Value of Fraction of Exhaled Nitric Oxide as a New Method to Detect, Evaluate, and Monitor Psoriatic Systemic Involvement and Therapeutic Efficacy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3140682. [PMID: 30345297 PMCID: PMC6174805 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3140682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory systemic disease characterized by a wide range of comorbidities. Respiratory comorbidities are currently poorly characterized and with discordant results. The systemic state of inflammation caused by psoriasis acts de novo on respiratory tissues and amplifies preexisting inflammation from asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Because the lungs act as a gas exchanger between the internal and external environment, the impact of chronic psoriasis inflammation may be easily assessed through the analysis of exhaled breath. The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide test (FeNO) is a potential noninvasive solution that can provide quantitative and qualitative indices of respiratory airway inflammation. FeNO is routinely used to screen and manage asthmatic patients. Recent pilot studies contain encouraging data that underscore its possible use with systemic inflammatory nonpulmonary diseases, such as psoriasis. FeNO may therefore be a useful tool to evaluate underestimated airway inflammation and at the same time globally evaluate the impact of systemically antipsoriatic therapies.
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Yang Y, Chen M, Zhou J, Lv J, Song S, Fu L, Chen J, Yang M, Mei C. Interactions between Macrophages and Cyst-Lining Epithelial Cells Promote Kidney Cyst Growth in Pkd1-Deficient Mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:2310-2325. [PMID: 30042193 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the leading inherited renal disease worldwide. The proproliferative function of macrophages is associated with late-stage cyst enlargement in mice with PKD; however, the way in which macrophages act on cyst-lining epithelial cells (CLECs) has not been well elucidated. METHODS We generated a rapid-onset PKD mouse model by inactivating Pkd1 on postnatal day 10 (P10) and compared cell proliferation and differential gene expression in kidney tissues of the PKD mice and wild-type (WT) littermates. RESULTS The cystic phenotype was dominant from P18. A distinct peak in cell proliferation in polycystic kidneys during P22-P30 was closely related to late-stage cyst growth. Comparisons of gene expression profiles in kidney tissues at P22 and P30 in PKD and WT mice revealed that arginine metabolism was significantly activated; 204 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including Arg1, an arginine metabolism-associated gene, were identified in late-stage polycystic kidneys. The Arg1-encoded protein, arginase-1 (ARG1), was predominantly expressed in macrophages in a time-dependent manner. Multiple-stage macrophage depletion verified that macrophages expressing high ARG1 levels accounted for late-stage cyst enlargement, and inhibiting ARG1 activity significantly retarded cyst growth and effectively lowered the proliferative indices in polycystic kidneys. In vitro experiments revealed that macrophages stimulated CLEC proliferation, and that L-lactic acid, primarily generated by CLECs, significantly upregulated ARG1 expression and increased polyamine synthesis in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Interactions between macrophages and CLECs promote cyst growth. ARG1 is a key molecule involved in this process and is a potential therapeutic target to help delay ADPKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Nephrology, Kidney Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center of PLA, Beidaihe Sanatorium of PLA, Qinhuangdao, China; and
| | - Meihan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Lv
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwei Song
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - LiLi Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejian Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nephrology, The 175th Hospital of PLA, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changlin Mei
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Institution of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Chang Zheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China;
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Goren I, Christen U, Pfeilschifter J, Frank S. A heterogeneous Ly-6B2 + leukocyte population consists of yet undescribed iNOS-expressing cell types in murine skin wounds. Nitric Oxide 2018; 74:23-31. [PMID: 29355774 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The gaseous mediator nitric oxide (NO) is a central regulatory molecule during the inflammatory phase of cutaneous tissue repair. The inducible NO-synthase (iNOS) represents the main isoform of the three NO producing enzymes at the wound site. In particular, keratinocytes and macrophages are described as main sources of iNOS-derived NO in skin wounds. Here we provide experimental evidence that Ly-6B2+ leukocytes are an additional cellular source of iNOS-derived NO in wounds. As wound iNOS protein expression temporally coincides with both macrophage and neutrophil infiltration, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to address iNOS expression in both macrophages and neutrophil subsets. IHC analyses excluded F4/80+ macrophages as iNOS producers, but indicated Ly-6G/C (Gr-1)+ neutrophils to express iNOS in wound granulation tissue. A subsequent FACS-based analysis from cellular wound tissue preparations revealed an iNOS-expressing fraction of Ly-6B2-determined leukocytes that consisted of Ly-6G+ and Ly-6G- cells, meaning that mainly mature neutrophils (Ly-6B2+/Ly-6G+) as well as inflammatory monocytes (Ly-6B2+/Ly-6G-) are dominant iNOS-expressing cell types in the developing granulation tissue of acute wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Goren
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Urs Christen
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Frank
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
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Zhan R, Wang F, Wu Y, Wang Y, Qian W, Liu M, Liu T, He W, Ren H, Luo G. Nitric oxide promotes epidermal stem cell proliferation via FOXG1-c-Myc signalling. Nitric Oxide 2017; 73:1-8. [PMID: 29248687 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) play a critical role in wound repair, but the mechanism underlying ESC proliferation is unclear. Here, we explored the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on ESC proliferation and the possible underlying mechanism. METHODS The effect of NO (two NO donors, SNAP and spermine NONOate, were used) on cell proliferation was detected using cell proliferation and DNA synthesis assays. Thereafter, expression of FOXG1 and c-Myc induced by NO was determined by immunoblot analysis. pAdEasy-FOXG1 adenovirus and c-Myc siRNA plasmids were infected or transfected, respectively, into human ESCs to detect the effect of FOXG1 and c-Myc on NO-induced cell proliferation. Additionally, NO-induced ESC proliferation in vivo was detected by BrdU incorporation and a superficial second-degree mouse burn model. Moreover, the relationships among NO, FOXG1 and c-Myc were detected by western blotting, real-time PCR and dual luciferase assay. RESULTS NO exerted a biphasic effect on ESC proliferation, and 100 μM SNAP and 10 μM spermine NONOate were the optimal concentrations to promote cell proliferation. Additionally, NO-promoted human ESC proliferation was mediated by FOXG1 and c-Myc in vitro and vivo. Furthermore, NO regulated FOXG1 expression through cGMP signalling, and NO-induced transcription of c-Myc was regulated by FOXG1-mediated c-Myc promoter activity. CONCLUSION This study showed that the biphasic effect of NO on ESC proliferation as well as NO induced ESC proliferation were regulated by the cGMP/FOXG1/c-Myc signalling pathway, suggesting that NO may serve as a new disparate target for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixing Zhan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Ying Wu
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Wei Qian
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Menglong Liu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Hui Ren
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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Yan D, Afifi L, Jeon C, Trivedi M, Chang HW, Lee K, Liao W. The metabolomics of psoriatic disease. PSORIASIS (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2017; 7:1-15. [PMID: 28824870 PMCID: PMC5562362 DOI: 10.2147/ptt.s118348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an emerging new "omics" field involving the systematic analysis of the metabolites in a biologic system. These metabolites provide a molecular snapshot of cellular activity and are thus important for understanding the functional changes in metabolic pathways that drive disease. Recently, metabolomics has been used to study the local and systemic metabolic changes in psoriasis and its cardiometabolic comorbidities. Such studies have revealed novel insights into disease pathogenesis and suggest new biochemical signatures that may be used as a marker of psoriatic disease. This review will discuss common strategies in metabolomics analysis, current findings in the metabolomics of psoriasis, and emerging trends in psoriatic metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ladan Afifi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caleb Jeon
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Megha Trivedi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hsin Wen Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Lee
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wilson Liao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Miller CC, Miller MK, Ghaffari A, Kunimoto B. Treatment of Chronic Nonhealing Leg Ulceration with Gaseous Nitric Oxide: A Case Study. J Cutan Med Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/120347540400800406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite the best clinical practice, chronic nonhealing ulcers of the lower extremities present a significant challenge. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to play a significant role in biological functions including wound healing and as an antimicrobial agent in nonspecific immune response. Objective: Our goal was to study the effect of gaseous NO (gNO) administered directly to a two-year-old nonhealing chronic venous ulcer in a 55-year-old male presenting with a 30-year history of severe venous disease. Methods: gNO (200 ppm) was applied to the lower extremity using a delivery system connected to a “single patient use” plastic boot, at 1.0 L/min. Results: The patient received an average of 8.1-h treatments for 14 consecutive nights. On day 0 the wound was malodorous and covered by bacterial biofilm with little healthy granulation tissue present. Following 3 days of gNO treatment, healthy granulation tissue was noted with absence of malodorous odor. At day 14, the ulcer was significantly reduced in size ( p = 0.014) and almost completely reepithelialized. Day 10 post-treatment did not reveal any deterioration in healing. Six weeks later, the wound was 90% healed. At 26 weeks post gNO discontinuation, the ulcer was completely healed. Conclusions: This single case study demonstrated that gNO as a topical agent was well tolerated by the patient without any report of discomfort or side effect. The result of wound healing was very promising and warrants future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris C. Miller
- Faculty of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Minna K. Miller
- Faculty of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Abdi Ghaffari
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brian Kunimoto
- Department of Dermatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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The application of cold atmospheric plasma in medicine: The potential role of nitric oxide in plasma-induced effects. CLINICAL PLASMA MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Weber C, Telerman SB, Reimer AS, Sequeira I, Liakath-Ali K, Arwert EN, Watt FM. Macrophage Infiltration and Alternative Activation during Wound Healing Promote MEK1-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2016; 76:805-817. [PMID: 26754935 PMCID: PMC4757739 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are essential for the progression and maintenance of many cancers, but their role during the earliest stages of tumor formation is unclear. To test this, we used a previously described transgenic mouse model of wound-induced skin tumorigenesis, in which expression of constitutively active MEK1 in differentiating epidermal cells results in chronic inflammation (InvEE mice). Upon wounding, the number of epidermal and dermal monocytes and macrophages increased in wild-type and InvEE skin, but the increase was greater, more rapid, and more sustained in InvEE skin. Macrophage ablation reduced tumor incidence. Furthermore, bioluminescent imaging in live mice to monitor macrophage flux at wound sites revealed that macrophage accumulation was predictive of tumor formation; wounds with the greatest number of macrophages at day 5 went on to develop tumors. Gene expression profiling of flow-sorted monocytes, macrophages, and T cells from InvEE and wild-type skin showed that as wound healing progressed, InvEE macrophages altered their phenotype. Throughout wound healing and after wound closure, InvEE macrophages demonstrated sustained upregulation of several markers implicated in alternative macrophage activation including arginase-1 (ARG1) and mannose receptor (CD206). Notably, inhibition of ARG1 activity significantly reduced tumor formation and epidermal proliferation in vivo, whereas addition of L-arginase to cultured keratinocytes stimulated proliferation. We conclude that macrophages play a key role in early, inflammation-mediated skin tumorigenesis, with mechanistic evidence suggesting that ARG1 secretion drives tumor development by stimulating epidermal cell proliferation. These findings highlight the importance of cancer immunotherapies aiming to polarize tumor-associated macrophages toward an antitumor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Weber
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB12 0RE, UK
- King’s College London Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, 28 Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Stephanie B. Telerman
- King’s College London Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, 28 Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andreas S. Reimer
- King’s College London Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, 28 Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ines Sequeira
- King’s College London Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, 28 Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kifayathullah Liakath-Ali
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB12 0RE, UK
- King’s College London Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, 28 Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Esther N. Arwert
- Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Fiona M. Watt
- King’s College London Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, 28 Floor, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Kang Y, Kim J, Lee YM, Im S, Park H, Kim WJ. Nitric oxide-releasing polymer incorporated ointment for cutaneous wound healing. J Control Release 2015; 220:624-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Samoilova KA, Zimin AA, Buinyakova AI, Makela AM, Zhevago NA. Regulatory systemic effect of postsurgical polychromatic light (480-3400 nm) irradiation of breast cancer patients on the proliferation of tumor and normal cells in vitro. Photomed Laser Surg 2015; 33:555-63. [PMID: 26436466 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2014.3878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to study the effect of phototherapy (PT) with percutaneous exposures to polychromatic visible and IR light (pVIS + pIR) on breast cancer (BC) patients at the early postmastectomy period, on the growth-promoting (GP) properties of their blood serum, by evaluating its capability to support proliferation of normal and tumor human cells in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS After mastectomy, one group of patients was treated daily for 1 week on the sacral area with pVIS + pIR light (480-3400 nm, 40 mW/cm(2), 95% polarization, 24 J/cm(2)). The second group used as a control was sham irradiated. Blood serum samples collected before surgery, and 1 and 8 days after surgery, were added (2.5%) into nutrition media for cells instead of 10% of fetal calf serum. Cell targets were cultures of human fibroblasts (FBs), keratinocytes (KCs), three lines of the human BC cells (BT-474, HBL-100, Hs 578T) and cells of human epidermoid carcinoma (A-431). Cell number was evaluated by staining cell nuclei with crystal violet and a spectrometric assay of the extracted dye. RESULTS The day after mastectomy there were no significant changes in the GP activity of sera. After a 7-day PT course, an increase of this activity was recorded for normal FBs and KCs by 18% and 24%, respectively, in comparison with presurgical levels. GP activity of the same patients' sera for all tumor cells, BT-474, HBL-100, Hs 578T and A-431, decreased by 32%, 17%, 11%, and 7% respectively. As a result, enhancement of proliferation of KCs and FBs and inhibition of proliferation of tumor cells was seen. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest an effect at the systemic level where pVIS + pIR light may stimulate growth of human skin cells and simultaneously downregulate the proliferation of tumor cells, including BC cells. This argues in favor of the oncological safety of PT for BC patients postsurgically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira A Samoilova
- 1 Institute of Cytology , Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander A Zimin
- 1 Institute of Cytology , Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna I Buinyakova
- 2 Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences , St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Natalia A Zhevago
- 1 Institute of Cytology , Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Beltran-Povea A, Caballano-Infantes E, Salguero-Aranda C, Martín F, Soria B, Bedoya FJ, Tejedo JR, Cahuana GM. Role of nitric oxide in the maintenance of pluripotency and regulation of the hypoxia response in stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:605-617. [PMID: 25914767 PMCID: PMC4404395 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i3.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell pluripotency and differentiation are global processes regulated by several pathways that have been studied intensively over recent years. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule that affects gene expression at the level of transcription and translation and regulates cell survival and proliferation in diverse cell types. In embryonic stem cells NO has a dual role, controlling differentiation and survival, but the molecular mechanisms by which it modulates these functions are not completely defined. NO is a physiological regulator of cell respiration through the inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase. Many researchers have been examining the role that NO plays in other aspects of metabolism such as the cellular bioenergetics state, the hypoxia response and the relationship of these areas to stem cell stemness.
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Zhan R, Yang S, He W, Wang F, Tan J, Zhou J, Yang S, Yao Z, Wu J, Luo G. Nitric oxide enhances keratinocyte cell migration by regulating Rho GTPase via cGMP-PKG signalling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121551. [PMID: 25799230 PMCID: PMC4370851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to improve wound healing, but the mechanism underlying this function is not well defined. Here, we explored the effect of NO on the migration of a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and its possible mechanism. Methods The effects of NO on HaCaT cells in the presence of different concentrations of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were evaluated in a cell migration assay. Subsequently, the cytoskeleton reorganization of cultured HaCaT cells stained with rhodamine-phalloidin was observed with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The mRNA expression and active proteins of CDC42, Rac1 and RhoA in the cultured cells were determined via RT-PCR and pull-down assays, respectively. Furthermore, the roles of various inhibitors or agonists specific to cGMP, PKG and CDC42, Rac1, RhoA in the effects of NO on HaCaT cell migration, F-actin stress fibre formation, and Rho GTPase expression were observed. Results It was also found HaCaT cell migration was increased by SNP in a dose-dependent manner, and the other two NO donors either spermine NONOate or SNAP had almost the same effects on HaCat cell migrations. The formation of F-actin stress fibres in SNP-treated HaCaT cells was increased. The mRNA expression and the active proteins of CDC42, Rac1 and RhoA were found to be upregulated after SNP treatment. Similar effects were observed after the cells were treated with a cGMP or PKG agonist. Additionally, the SNP-mediated upregulation of the mRNA expression and the active proteins of CDC42, Rac1 and RhoA were inhibited by the addition of an inhibitor of cGMP or PKG. Moreover, the SNP-mediated promoting effects of migration and cytoskeleton reorganization were inhibited by treatment with inhibitors of cGMP, PKG, CDC42, Rac1 and RhoA respectively. Conclusion Our data indicated that the stimulatory effects of NO on cell migration of HaCaT cells are mediated by the cGMP signalling pathway via the upregulation of Rho-GTPase expression, which might promote cytoskeleton reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rixing Zhan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwei Yang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianglin Tan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junyi Zhou
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sisi Yang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihui Yao
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (GL)
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Chongqing, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (GL)
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Serum homocysteine, asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) and other arginine-NO pathway metabolite levels in patients with psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:439-44. [PMID: 25708188 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia, a well-known and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, has been related in several studies with psoriasis patients. It has been suggested that homocysteine leads to endothelial dysfunction by causing an accumulation of asymmetrical dimethyl arginine (ADMA), a potent endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor of the L-arginine-NO pathway. However, limited data is available regarding the psoriasis and ADMA relationship. In this study, we aimed to investigate the serum levels of homocysteine, ADMA and other metabolites from the L-arginine-NO pathway in psoriasis patients. Forty-two patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and 48 controls were enrolled in the study. Serum homocysteine, ADMA, L-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and L-arginine levels, and L-arginine/ADMA ratios of psoriasis patients and the control group were measured. The severity of psoriasis was assessed by the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). The mean ADMA and homocysteine values were significantly higher, and citrulline and L-arginine/ADMA values were significantly lower in psoriasis patients compared to control subjects. However, there were no significant differences among the patient and control groups with respect to mean SDMA, L-NMMA and L-arginine values. PASI scores strongly correlated with the ADMA level and moderately correlated with L-arginine/ADMA ratio. This study suggests that the L-arginine-NO pathway metabolites, especially ADMA, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Additionally, serum ADMA levels of psoriasis patients may be an indicator of the disease severity.
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Shtoda YM, Slesarenko NA, Bakulev AL, Utz SR, Platonova AN. Endothelial dysfunction and its treatment in psoriasis patients. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2015. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2015-91-1-62-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Goal. To assess the effect of a combined cytostatic therapy and sulodexide on the functional condition of the vascular endothelium in psoriatic patients. Materials and methods. The authors examined 74 patients suffering from psoriasis vulgaris and exudative form of psoriasis. Depending on the treatment option, the patients were subdivided into two groups: Group I (n = 41) receiving a cytostatic therapy and Group II where patients received sulodexide as well. The severity of the endothelium dysfunction was assessed based on laboratory assessments such as nitrogen oxide and endothelin 1 in the blood serum. Results. Prior to the treatment, the level of nitrogen oxide was reduced and endothelin 1 was increased in the blood serum of most patients. Substantial improvement of the pathological process was observed in patients from Group I after the cytostatic therapy (total dose of methotrexate: 100 mg); no normalization of laboratory assessments was observed. In patients from Group II receiving methotrexate (total dose: 40 mg) along with sulodexide, improvement or recovery was observed after the completion of the treatment; endothelium dysfunction was normalized. Conclusion. The inclusion of sulodexide in a complex therapy normalizes endothelial dysfunction in case of psoriasis and reduces the dose and duration of methotrexate treatment.
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Chang YC, Wu WM, Huang YH, Chung WH, Tsai HY, Hsu LA. The (CCTTT) n pentanucleotide repeat polymorphism in the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene promoter and the risk of psoriasis in Taiwanese. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:425-32. [PMID: 25663087 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, genome-wide association studies identified a novel psoriasis susceptibility locus tagged by two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs4795067 and rs28998802, both of which are in the intronic region of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene. This study aimed to assess the role of (CCTTT) n pentanucleotide repeat polymorphisms in the promoter region of iNOS gene in Chinese-Taiwanese patients with psoriasis. In total, 280 patients with psoriasis and 512 control subjects were analyzed for the presence of the iNOS microsatellite polymorphism by polymerase chain reactions. The alleles were classified as S and L alleles according to the number of (CCTTT) n repeats, with the alleles with ≤13 repeats designated as S and alleles with ≥14 repeats designated as L alleles. The distribution of allele frequencies and genotypes was significantly different between the control and psoriasis groups (P = 0.040, and 0.014, respectively). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension, carriers of the LL genotype were 0.38 (95% confidence interval 0.16-0.95) times less likely than non-carriers to have psoriasis (P = 0.038). The promoter assays demonstrated that the iNOS promoter activity increases in parallel with the repeat number of (CCTTT) n in HaCaT cells. Approximately 70% of the study subjects were genotyped for rs4795067 and rs28998802. The rs4795067 is in linkage disequilibrium with the microsatellite L/S allelic classification. The association of iNOS microsatellite with psoriasis is independent of these known iNOS variants. Our results suggest that the iNOS microsatellite may contribute to the genetic background of psoriasis in Chinese-Taiwanese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ching Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Heuer K, Hoffmanns MA, Demir E, Baldus S, Volkmar CM, Röhle M, Fuchs PC, Awakowicz P, Suschek CV, Opländer C. The topical use of non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD): nitric oxide related effects on human skin. Nitric Oxide 2014; 44:52-60. [PMID: 25435001 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) devices generate air plasma above the skin containing active and reactive species including nitric oxide (NO). Since NO plays an essential role in skin physiology, a topical application of NO by plasma may be useful in the treatment of skin infections, impaired microcirculation and wound healing. Thus, after safety assessments of plasma treatment using human skin specimen and substitutes, NO-penetration through the epidermis, the loading of skin tissue with NO-derivates in vitro and the effects on human skin in vivo were determined. After the plasma treatment (0-60 min) of skin specimen or reconstructed epidermis no damaging effects were found (TUNEL/MTT). By Franz diffusion cell experiments plasma-induced NO penetration through epidermis and dermal enrichment with NO related species (nitrite 6-fold, nitrate 7-fold, nitrosothiols 30-fold) were observed. Furthermore, skin surface was acidified (~pH 2.7) by plasma treatment (90 s). Plasma application on the forearms of volunteers increased microcirculation fourfold in 1-2 mm and twofold in 6-8 mm depth in the treated skin areas. Regarding the NO-loading effects, skin acidification and increase in dermal microcirculation, plasma devices represent promising tools against chronic/infected wounds. However, efficacy of plasma treatment needs to be quantified in further studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Heuer
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin A Hoffmanns
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Erhan Demir
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Merheim Hospital Cologne, University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | - Sabrina Baldus
- Institute for Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christine M Volkmar
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mirco Röhle
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul C Fuchs
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Merheim Hospital Cologne, University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | - Peter Awakowicz
- Institute for Electrical Engineering and Plasma Technology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph V Suschek
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Opländer
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Bagdas D, Gul NY, Topal A, Tas S, Ozyigit MO, Cinkilic N, Gul Z, Etoz BC, Ziyanok S, Inan S, Turacozen O, Gurun MS. Pharmacologic overview of systemic chlorogenic acid therapy on experimental wound healing. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:1101-16. [PMID: 25129377 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a well-known natural antioxidant in human diet. To understand the effects of CGA on wound healing by enhancing antioxidant defense in the body, the present study sought to investigate the potential role of systemic CGA therapy on wound healing and oxidative stress markers of the skin. We also aimed to understand whether chronic CGA treatment has side effects on pivotal organs or rat bone marrow during therapy. Full-thickness experimental wounds were created on the backs of rats. CGA (25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally for 15 days. All rats were sacrificed on the 16th day. Biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. Possible side effects were also investigated. The results suggested that CGA accelerated wound healing in a dose-dependent manner. CGA enhanced hydroxyproline content, decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels. and elevated reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels in wound tissues. Epithelialization, angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen formation increased by CGA while polymorph nuclear leukocytes infiltration decreased. CGA modulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor-2 expression in biopsies. Otherwise, high dose of CGA increased lipid peroxidation of liver and kidney without affecting the heart and muscle samples. Chronic CGA increased micronuclei formation and induced cytotoxicity in the bone marrow. In conclusion, systemic CGA has beneficial effects in improving wound repair. Antioxidant, free radical scavenger, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory effects of CGA may ameliorate wound healing. High dose of CGA may induce side effects. In light of these observations, CGA supplementation or dietary CGA may have benefit on wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Bagdas
- Experimental Animals Breeding and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey,
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