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Wang C, Zhang S, Li Y, Gong L, Yao C, Fu K, Li Y. Phillygenin Inhibits TGF-β1-induced Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Inflammation: Regulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 and Wnt/β-catenin Pathways. Inflammation 2024; 47:1403-1422. [PMID: 38393550 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-01984-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF), a precursor to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, is caused by abnormal proliferation of connective tissue and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix in the liver. Notably, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a key link in the development of HF. Phillygenin (PHI, C21H24O6) is a lignan component extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Forsythiae Fructus, which has various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumour effects. However, whether PHI can directly inhibit HSC activation and ameliorate the mechanism of action of HF has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro anti-HF effects of PHI and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-activated mouse HSCs (mHSCs) and human HSCs (LX-2 cells) were used as an in vitro model of HF and treated with different concentrations of PHI for 24 h. Subsequently, cell morphological changes were observed under the microscope, cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay, cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, and the mechanism of anti-fibrotic effect of PHI was explored by immunofluorescence, ELISA, RT-qPCR and western blot. The results showed that PHI suppressed the proliferation of TGF-β1-activated mHSCs and LX-2 cells, arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, decreased the levels of α-SMA, Collagen I, TIMP1 and MMP2 genes and proteins, and promoted apoptosis in activated mHSCs and LX-2 cells. Besides, PHI reduced the expression of inflammatory factors in activated mHSCs and LX-2 cells, suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory effect. Mechanically, PHI inhibited TGF-β1-induced HSC activation and inflammation, at least in part through modulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Overall, PHI has significant anti-HF effects and may be a promising agent for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Shenglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenhao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
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Saadh MJ, Mahdi MS, Allela OQB, Alazzawi TS, Ubaid M, Rakhimov NM, Athab ZH, Ramaiah P, Chinnasamy L, Alsaikhan F, Farhood B. Critical role of miR-21/exosomal miR-21 in autophagy pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155275. [PMID: 38643552 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Activation of autophagy, a process of cellular stress response, leads to the breakdown of proteins, organelles, and other parts of the cell in lysosomes, and can be linked to several ailments, such as cancer, neurological diseases, and rare hereditary syndromes. Thus, its regulation is very carefully monitored. Transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms domestically or in whole organisms utilized to control the autophagic activity, have been heavily researched. In modern times, microRNAs (miRNAs) are being considered to have a part in post-translational orchestration of the autophagic activity, with miR-21 as one of the best studied miRNAs, it is often more than expressed in cancer cells. This regulatory RNA is thought to play a major role in a plethora of processes and illnesses including growth, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and inflammation. Different studies have suggested that a few autophagy-oriented genes, such as PTEN, Rab11a, Atg12, SIPA1L2, and ATG5, are all targeted by miR-21, indicating its essential role in the regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | | | | | - Tuqa S Alazzawi
- College of dentist, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Nodir M Rakhimov
- Department of Oncology, Samarkand State Medical University, 18 Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Department of Oncology, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Zainab H Athab
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | | | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia jSchool of Pharmacy, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Wells RG. Liver fibrosis: Our evolving understanding. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2024; 23:e0243. [PMID: 38961878 PMCID: PMC11221862 DOI: 10.1097/cld.0000000000000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
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Varlamova EG, Goltyaev MV, Rogachev VV, Gudkov SV, Karaduleva EV, Turovsky EA. Antifibrotic Effect of Selenium-Containing Nanoparticles on a Model of TAA-Induced Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2023; 12:2723. [PMID: 38067151 PMCID: PMC10706216 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time, based on the expression analysis of a wide range of pro- and anti-fibrotic, pro- and anti-inflammatory, and pro- and anti-apoptotic genes, key markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER-stress), molecular mechanisms for the regulation of fibrosis, and accompanying negative processes caused by thioacetamide (TAA) injections and subsequent injections of selenium-containing nanoparticles and sorafenib have been proposed. We found that selenium nanoparticles of two types (doped with and without sorafenib) led to a significant decrease in almost all pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory genes. Sorafenib injections also reduced mRNA expression of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory genes but less effectively than both types of nanoparticles. In addition, it was shown for the first time that TAA can be an inducer of ER-stress, most likely activating the IRE1α and PERK signaling pathways of the UPR, an inducer of apoptosis and pyroptosis. Sorafenib, despite a pronounced anti-apoptotic effect, still did not reduce the expression of caspase-3 and 12 or mitogen-activated kinase JNK1 to control values, which increases the risk of persistent apoptosis in liver cells. After injections of selenium-containing nanoparticles, the negative effects caused by TAA were leveled, causing an adaptive UPR signaling response through activation of the PERK signaling pathway. The advantages of selenium-containing nanoparticles over sorafenib, established in this work, once again emphasize the unique properties of this microelement and serve as an important factor for the further introduction of drugs based on it into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Varlamova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.V.G.); (V.V.R.); (E.V.K.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Michail Victorovich Goltyaev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.V.G.); (V.V.R.); (E.V.K.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Vladimir Vladimirovich Rogachev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.V.G.); (V.V.R.); (E.V.K.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena V. Karaduleva
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.V.G.); (V.V.R.); (E.V.K.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Egor A. Turovsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.V.G.); (V.V.R.); (E.V.K.); (E.A.T.)
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Wu YT, Li QZ, Zhao XK, Mu M, Zou GL, Zhao WF. Anlotinib Attenuates Liver Fibrosis by Regulating the Transforming Growth Factor β1/Smad3 Signaling Pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:4186-4195. [PMID: 37679574 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic stellate cell hyperactivation is a central link in liver fibrosis development, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a key activator of HSCs. AIMS This study investigated whether anlotinib attenuates CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in mice and explored its antifibrotic mechanism. METHODS We used the human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 for in vitro assays and used TGF-β1 to induce hepatic fibrosis in LX-2 cells. We analyzed cytotoxicity using a cell-counting kit-8 and transwell chambers to detect the migratory ability of LX-2 cells. Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of collagen type I, α-smooth muscle actin, and p-Smad3. In addition, mice with CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis were used as in vivo models. Histopathological examination was performed using H&E staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Anlotinib significantly reversed TGF-β1-induced protein levels of Col I, α-SMA and p-Smad3 and inhibits migratory and proliferative abilities in vitro using LX-2 cells. CCl4 cause F4 grade (Ishak) hepatic fibrosis, liver inflammatory scores ranged from 12 to 14 (Ishak), a mean ALT measurement of 130 U/L and a mean measurement AST value of 119 U/L in mice. However, the CCl4-induced changes were markedly attenuated by anlotinib treatment, which returned to F2 grade (Ishak) hepatic fibrosis, liver inflammatory scores ranged from 4 to 6 (Ishak), a mean ALT measurement of 40 U/L and a mean measurement AST value of 56 U/L in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that anlotinib-mediated suppression of liver fibrosis is related to the inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Hepatic stellate cell hyper activation is a central link in liver fibrosis development, transforming growth factor β1 is a key activator of HSCs. Anlotinib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has similar targets to nintedanib, a clinically used anti-pulmonary fibrosis drug. Our study demonstrates an FDA-approved drug-anlotinib-that could prevent liver fibrosis and inflammation. Experiments in cell cultures and mice show that anlotinib can inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells by down-regulating the TGFβ1/smad3 pathway, thereby reversing liver fibrosis. In animal experiments, anlotinib showed protective effects on the CCl4-induced liver damage, including ameliorating liver inflammation, reversing liver fibrosis and reducing liver enzymes. This is a very good signal, anlotinib may be useful for halting or reversing the progression of liver fibrosis and could be employed in the development of novel therapeutic drugs for the management of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ting Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No 188, Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qi-Zhe Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xue-Ke Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mao Mu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Gao-Liang Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No 188, Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
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Liu F, Li S, Chen P, Gu Y, Wang S, Wang L, Chen C, Wang R, Yuan Y. Salvianolic acid B inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis by targeting PDGFRβ. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110550. [PMID: 37451016 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a reversible pathological process and a wound healing response to liver injury. As an early stage of various liver diseases, liver fibrosis can develop into cirrhosis, liver failure, and even liver cancer if not controlled in time. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a medicinal plant with hepatoprotective effects. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is the representative component of S. miltiorrhiza. Many studies have reported the anti-liver fibrosis effects and mechanisms of Sal B. However, the direct anti-fibrotic targets of Sal B have not yet been reported. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) is one of the most classical targets in liver fibrosis, which is closely related to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activated. Previously, we established and applied a PDGFRβ affinity chromatography model, and found that Sal B binds well to PDGFRβ. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the direct targets of Sal B against liver fibrosis. We confirmed the binding ability of Sal B to PDGFRβ by molecular docking and a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Our findings indicated that Sal B targeted PDGFRβ to inhibit the activation, migration and proliferation of HSCs and suppressed the PDGF-BB-induced PDGFRβ signaling pathway. Annexin V-FITC/PI assay showed that Sal B reversed the PDGF-BB-induced decrease in HSC apoptosis rate. In the mouse liver fibrosis model, Sal B inhibited the PDGFRβ signaling pathway, HSC activation and reduced inflammatory response, ultimately improved CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. In summary, the direct anti-fibrotic targets of Sal B may be PDGFRβ, and this study clarified the anti-liver fibrosis effects and mechanism of Sal B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbin Liu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Rd, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Rd, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Yanqiu Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Rd, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Shaozhan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Rd, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Rd, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Rd, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Rd, Shanghai 201999, China.
| | - Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Rd, Shanghai 201999, China.
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7
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Koh B, Tan DJH, Lim WH, Wong JSL, Ng CH, Chan KE, Wang M, Yong WP, Dan YY, Wang LZ, Tan N, Muthiah M, Kow A, Syn NL, Huang DQ, Yau T. Trial watch: immunotherapeutic strategies on the horizon for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2214478. [PMID: 37284696 PMCID: PMC10241000 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2214478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-L1/PD-1 and CTLA-4 has transformed the oncology practice of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, only 25-30% of the patients with advanced HCC treated with atezolizumab-bevacizumab or tremelimumab-durvalumab (STRIDE) respond initially, and mechanistic biomarkers and novel treatment strategies are urgently needed for patients who present with or acquire resistance to first-line ICI-based therapies. The recent approval of the STRIDE regimen has also engendered new questions, such as patient selection factors (e.g. portal hypertension and history of variceal bleed) and biomarkers, and the optimal combination and sequencing of ICI-based regimens. Triumphs in the setting of advanced HCC have also galvanized considerable interest in the broader application of ICIs to early- and intermediate-stage diseases, including clinical combination of ICIs with locoregional therapies. Among these clinical contexts, the role of ICIs in liver transplantation - which is a potentially curative strategy unique to HCC management - as a bridge to liver transplant in potential candidates or in the setting of post-transplant recurrence, warrants investigation in view of the notable theoretical risk of allograft rejection. In this review, we summarize and chart the landscape of seminal immuno-oncology trials in HCC and envision future clinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Koh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darren Jun Hao Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Hui Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey S L Wong
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Disease, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai En Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Advanced Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Peng Yong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Z Wang
- SingHealth Internal Medicine Residency Programme, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nigel Tan
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Advanced Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alfred Kow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas L Syn
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Q Huang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Advanced Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Yau
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Disease, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
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8
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Chen J, Xu L, Zhang XQ, Liu X, Zhang ZX, Zhu QM, Liu JY, Iqbal MO, Ding N, Shao CL, Wei MY, Gu YC. Discovery of a natural small-molecule AMP-activated kinase activator that alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:196-210. [PMID: 37275542 PMCID: PMC10232707 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-023-00168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a primary cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Unfortunately, there is no approved drug treatment for NASH. AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is an important metabolic sensor and whole-body regulator. It has been proposed that AMPK activators could be used for treating metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and NASH. In this study, we screened a marine natural compound library by monitoring AMPK activity and found a potent AMPK activator, candidusin A (CHNQD-0803). Further studies showed that CHNQD-0803 directly binds recombinant AMPK with a KD value of 4.728 × 10-8 M and activates AMPK at both molecular and intracellular levels. We then investigated the roles and mechanisms of CHNQD-0803 in PA-induced fat deposition, LPS-stimulated inflammation, TGF-β-induced fibrosis cell models and the MCD-induced mouse model of NASH. The results showed that CHNQD-0803 inhibited the expression of adipogenesis genes and reduced fat deposition, negatively regulated the NF-κB-TNFα inflammatory axis to suppress inflammation, and ameliorated liver injury and fibrosis. These data indicate that CHNQD-0803 as an AMPK activator is a novel potential therapeutic candidate for NASH treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-023-00168-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Xue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Zi-Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Qiu-Mei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Jian-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Muhammad Omer Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Ning Ding
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Mei-Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Yu-Chao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
- Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266003 China
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9
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Dong H, Zhao L, Sun H, Shang M, Lv G, Yu X, Hu B, Huang Y. Coinfection of Clonorchis sinensis and hepatitis B virus: clinical liver indices and interaction in hepatic cell models. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:460. [PMID: 36510325 PMCID: PMC9746095 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, people infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) are commonly found in areas with a high prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis, a trematode worm. Published studies have reported that the progression of hepatitis B is affected by coinfection C. sinensis. METHODS Clinical data from a total of 72 patients with C. sinensis and HBV (as sole infection or with coinfections) and 29 healthy individuals were analysed. We also incubated the hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 with total proteins from C. sinensis adult worms (CsTPs) and HBV-positive sera. In addition, the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2.2.15 was treated with the antiviral drug entecavir (ETV), CsTPs and the anti-C. sinensis drug praziquantel (PZQ). RESULTS Our clinical data indicated that the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were significantly higher in patients with coinfection than in those infected with HBV only. In cell models, compared with the model in which LX-2 cells were incubated with HBV-positive sera (HBV group), transcripts of alpha-smooth muscle actin and types I and III collagen were significantly elevated in the models of LX-2 cells treated with CsTPs and HBV-positive sera (CsTP+HBV group), while the messenger RNA levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the CsTP+HBV group were clearly lower. The HBV surface antigen and hepatitis B e-antigen levels were higher in the HepG2.2.15 cells treated with ETV and CsTPs than in those in the ETV group and in the cells administered a mixture of ETV, CsTPs and PZQ. CONCLUSIONS These results confirmed that C. sinensis and HBV coinfection could aggravate the progression of liver fibrosis. CsTPs might promote chronic inflammation of the liver in individuals with HBV infection, resulting in the development of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Dong
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.488525.6Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengchang Sun
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Shang
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Lv
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinbing Yu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Hu
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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10
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Zhang WS, Zhang R, Ge Y, Wang D, Hu Y, Qin X, Kan J, Liu Y. S100a16 deficiency prevents hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis via inhibiting CXCR4 expression. Metabolism 2022; 135:155271. [PMID: 35914619 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver fibrosis caused by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. To date, there has been no effective intervention means for this process. S100 proteins are calcium-binding proteins that regulate cell growth and differentiation. This study aimed to investigate whether S100A16 induces HSCs activation and participates in liver fibrosis progression. METHODS HSCs were isolated, and the relationship between S100A16 expression and HSCs activation was studied. S100a16 knockdown and transgenic mice were generated and subjected to HSCs activation and liver fibrosis stimulated by different models. Clinical samples were collected for further confirmation. Alterations in gene expression in HSCs were investigated, using transcriptome sequencing to determine the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS We observed increased S100A16 levels during HSCs activation. Genetic silencing of S100a16 prevented HSCs activation in vitro. Furthermore, S100a16 silencing exhibited obvious protective effects against HSCs activation and fibrosis progression in mice. In contrast, S100a16 transgenic mice exhibited spontaneous liver fibrosis. S100A16 was also upregulated in the HSCs of patients with fibrotic liver diseases. RNA sequencing revealed that C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (Cxcr4) gene was a crucial regulator of S100A16 induction during HSCs activation. Mechanistically, S100A16 bound to P53 to induce its degradation; this augmented CXCR4 expression to activate ERK 1/2 and AKT signaling, which then promoted HSCs activation and liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that S100a16 deficiency prevents liver fibrosis by inhibiting Cxcr4 expression. Targeting S100A16 may provide insight into the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and pave way for the design of novel clinical therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Song Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Rihua Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yaoqi Ge
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yifang Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Qin
- Department of neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jingbao Kan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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11
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Reiter FP, Ye L, Ofner A, Schiergens TS, Ziesch A, Brandl L, Ben Khaled N, Hohenester S, Wimmer R, Artmann R, He Y, Lee SM, Mayr D, Zhang C, Gerbes AL, Mayerle J, Denk G, De Toni EN. p70 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase Is a Checkpoint of Human Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:95-112. [PMID: 34537439 PMCID: PMC8593664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer is a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Treatment options capable of inhibiting progression of liver fibrosis when etiological treatment of CLD is not available or fails have yet to be established. We investigated the role of serine/threonine kinase p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) as checkpoint of fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and as target for the treatment of liver fibrosis. APPROACH & RESULTS Immunohistochemistry was used to assess p70S6K expression in liver resection specimen. Primary human or murine HSCs from wild-type or p70S6K-/- mice as well as LX-2 cells were used for in vitro experiments. Specific small interfering RNA or CEP-1347 were used to silence or inhibit p70S6K and assess its functional relevance in viability, contraction and migration assays, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and Western blot. These results were validated in vivo by a chemical model of fibrogenesis using wild-type and p70S6K-/- mice. Expression of p70S6K was significantly increased in human cirrhotic vs noncirrhotic liver-tissue and progressively increased in vitro through activation of primary human HSCs. Conversely, p70S6K induced fibrogenic activation of HSCs in different models, including the small interfering RNA-based silencing of p70S6K in HSC lines, experiments with p70S6K-/- cells, and the pharmacological inhibition of p70S6K by CEP-1347. These findings were validated in vivo as p70S6K-/- mice developed significantly less fibrosis upon exposure to CCl4. CONCLUSIONS We establish p70S6K as a checkpoint of fibrogenesis in vitro and in vivo and CEP-1347 as potential treatment option that can safely be used for long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian P. Reiter
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,Liver Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Florian P. Reiter, MD, Department of Medicine II, Liver Center Munich, University of Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany. fax: +49-931-201-640023.
| | - Liangtao Ye
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Liver Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Center for Digestive Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Andrea Ofner
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Liver Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias S. Schiergens
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Biobank of the Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziesch
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Liver Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lydia Brandl
- Institute of Pathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Najib Ben Khaled
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Liver Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Hohenester
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Liver Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Wimmer
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Liver Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Renate Artmann
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Liver Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yulong He
- Center for Digestive Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Serene M.L. Lee
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Biobank of the Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Institute of Pathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Center for Digestive Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Alexander L. Gerbes
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Liver Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Liver Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerald Denk
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Liver Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Transplantation Center Munich, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Enrico N. De Toni
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Liver Center, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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12
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Torres Crigna A, Link B, Samec M, Giordano FA, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Endothelin-1 axes in the framework of predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:265-305. [PMID: 34367381 PMCID: PMC8334338 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is involved in the regulation of a myriad of processes highly relevant for physical and mental well-being; female and male health; in the modulation of senses, pain, stress reactions and drug sensitivity as well as healing processes, amongst others. Shifted ET-1 homeostasis may influence and predict the development and progression of suboptimal health conditions, metabolic impairments with cascading complications, ageing and related pathologies, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative pathologies, aggressive malignancies, modulating, therefore, individual outcomes of both non-communicable and infectious diseases such as COVID-19. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the involvement of ET-1 and related regulatory pathways in physiological and pathophysiological processes and estimates its capacity as a predictor of ageing and related pathologies,a sensor of lifestyle quality and progression of suboptimal health conditions to diseases for their targeted preventionand as a potent target for cost-effective treatments tailored to the person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Torres Crigna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Link
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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13
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Effect of Quercetin on the Expression of NOXs and P-Smad3C in TGF-Β-Activated Hepatic Stellate Cell Line LX-2. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.116875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a primary role in liver fibrogenesis. NOXs are the main origin of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the liver. Among them, NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 are expressed more in HSCs and are involved in the development of liver fibrosis. Quercetin, an abundant citrus flavonoid, is known to have beneficial effects on liver injury and hepatic fibrosis. Objectives: In this study, the effect of quercetin on NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 expression and Smad3 phosphorylation induced by TGF-β in the human hepatic LX2 cell line was investigated. Methods: The cytotoxic effects of quercetin on the cells were determined by MTT assay. The cells were activated with 2 ng/mL of TGF-β for 24 h and then treated with different concentrations of Quercetin. The mRNA expression rates of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and phosphorylated Smad 3C (p-Smad3C) were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot assays. Results: TGF-β increased the mRNA expression of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 and the protein level of p-Smad3C in the LX2 cell line. Quercetin significantly decreased the mRNA expression of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 in the LX-2 cells. Moreover, quercetin significantly diminished the p-Smad3C level in the LX-2 cell line activated with TGF-β. Conclusions: Quercetin may be effective in improving hepatic fibrosis via the reduction of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4 expression in activated HSCs. The main mechanism through which quercetin reduces the expression of these target genes may be related to the reduction of the p-Smad3C level.
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14
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Betsou A, Lambropoulou M, Georgakopoulou AE, Kostomitsopoulos N, Konstandi O, Anagnostopoulos K, Tsalikidis C, Simopoulos CE, Valsami G, Tsaroucha AK. The hepatoprotective effect of silibinin after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion in a rat model is confirmed by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1274-1284. [PMID: 33847359 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the positive effect of silibinin after IV administration as silibinin-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin lyophilized product, by measuring gene expression and liver tissue protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, matrix metalloproteinases matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-2. METHODS 63 Wistar rats of age 13.24±4.40 weeks underwent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the liver. The animals were randomized into three groups: Sham (S; n = 7); Control (C; n-28); silibinin (Si; n-28). The C and Si groups underwent 45 min ischemia. Si received silibinin-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin intravenously immediately before reperfusion at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Both groups were further divided into 4 subgroups, based on euthanasia time (i.e., 60, 120, 180 and 240 min). KEY FINDINGS qRT-PCR results confirmed the statistically significant reduction of the expression of the pro-inflammatory factors at 240 min after I/R injury (tumor necrosis factor-α: P < 0.05; MCR1: P < 0.05) and matrix metalloproteinases (matrix metalloproteinases 2: P < 0.05; matrix metalloproteinases 3: P < 0.05) and the increase of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-2 in liver tissue in the Si group. Moreover, results of immunohistochemistry levels confirmed that at 240 min pro-inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α: P < 0.05; MCR1: P < 0.05) and matrix metalloproteinases ( matrix metalloproteinases 2: P < 0.05; matrix metalloproteinases 3: P < 0.05) had a statistically significantly lower expression in the Si group while tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-2 had a higher expression. CONCLUSIONS Silibinin may have a beneficial effect on the protection of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrodite Betsou
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | | | - Ourania Konstandi
- Faculty of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos Tsalikidis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Constantinos E Simopoulos
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra K Tsaroucha
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Laboratory of Bioethics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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15
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Sun YL, Bai T, Zhou L, Zhu RT, Wang WJ, Liang RP, Li J, Zhang CX, Gou JJ. SOD3 deficiency induces liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cell activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4313-4329. [PMID: 33230845 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is suggested to potentially promote HSC activation. Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) is an extracellular antioxidant defense against oxidative damage. Here, we found downregulation of SOD3 in a mouse model of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ). SOD3 deficiency induced spontaneous liver injury and fibrosis with increased collagen deposition, and further aggravated CCl4 -induced liver injury in mice. Depletion of SOD3 enhanced HSC activation marked by increased α-smooth muscle actin and subsequent collagen synthesis primarily collagen type I in vivo, and promoted transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced HSC activation in vitro. SOD3 deficiency accelerated EMT process in the liver and TGF-β1-induced EMT of AML12 hepatocytes, as evidenced by loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin and vimentin. Notably, SOD3 expression and its pro-fibrogenic effect were positively associated with sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression. SOD3 deficiency inhibited adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling to downregulate SIRT1 expression and thus involving in liver fibrosis. Enforced expression of SIRT1 inhibited SOD3 deficiency-induced HSC activation and EMT, whereas depletion of SIRT1 counteracted the inhibitory effect of SOD3 in vitro. These findings demonstrate that SOD3 deficiency contributes to liver fibrogenesis by promoting HSC activation and EMT process, and suggest a possibility that SOD3 may function through modulating SIRT1 via the AMPK pathway in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Digestive, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rong-Tao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruo-Peng Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chi-Xian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian-Jun Gou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Lab of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Gao W, Peng W, Ji X, Zhu D, Chen J, Feng J, Yu Y, Duan L, Duan Y. Expression of recombinant Schistosoma japonicum protein rSjE16 and its effects on LX-2 cells in vitro. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520972228. [PMID: 33350335 PMCID: PMC7758674 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520972228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a key event in schistosome-induced liver fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that soluble egg antigens and the recombinant P40 protein from Schistosoma japonicum eggs inhibit HSC activation. In the present study, we observed the direct effect of the S. japonicum recombinant (r)SjE16 protein on HSCs. Methods The sequence of SjE16 was analyzed by bioinformatics. Then western blotting, quantitative PCR, and MTT assays were performed to observe the effects of rSjE16 on HSCs. Results The SjE16 protein has no signal peptide or transmembrane region. rSjE16 significantly inhibited expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I protein in LX-2 cells. rSjE16 also significantly increased the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, and enhanced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in LX-2 cells. LX-2 cell viability was not inhibited by rSjE16. Conclusion rSjE16 may be involved in the progression of HSC activation via a complex molecular mechanism, which requires further study to fully understand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Gao
- Laboratory Center of Economics and Management School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxia Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingpei Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Feng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinong Duan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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17
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Tong M, Zheng Q, Liu M, Chen L, Lin YH, Tang SG, Zhu YM. 5-methoxytryptophan alleviates liver fibrosis by modulating FOXO3a/miR-21/ATG5 signaling pathway mediated autophagy. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:676-688. [PMID: 33734029 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1897241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a critical health issue in the world due to its rapidly increasing prevalence. It is of great demand to develop effective drugs for the treatment of liver fibrosis. 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) has been reported to play an important role in anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, myocardial-protective effects. However, the anti-fibrotic effect of 5-MTP is never covered in liver. Here, we investigated anti-fibrotic effects of 5-MTP on liver fibrosis and its underlying mechanism. In vitro, 5-MTP treatment could inhibit TGF-β1-induced elevated levels of collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) by stimulating autophagy process. Mechanically, the expression of FOXO3a was enhanced by 5-MTP and then repressed the level of miR-21, eventually leading to a restoration of autophagy-related gene ATG5. Furthermore, rescue experiments showed 5-MTP could activate autophagy process and suppress the activation of LX-2 cells by regulating FOXO3a/miR-21/ATG5 pathway. Consistently, 5-MTP significantly attenuated CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rat model. In conclusion, our research discovered that 5-MTP effectively alleviated liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo, which provided new insights into the application of 5-MTP for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha Hunan Province, P.R. China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha Hunan Province (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University),P.R. China
| | - Qing Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital(The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha Hunan Province,P.R. China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi-He Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Gang Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Min Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha Hunan Province (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University),P.R. China.,Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha Hunan Province, P.R. China
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18
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Pirola CJ, Salatino A, Sookoian S. Pleiotropy within gene variants associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and traits of the hematopoietic system. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:305-320. [PMID: 33584064 PMCID: PMC7852588 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i4.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies of complex diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), have demonstrated that a large number of variants are implicated in the susceptibility of multiple traits — a phenomenon known as pleiotropy that is increasingly being explored through phenome-wide association studies. We focused on the analysis of pleiotropy within variants associated with hematologic traits and NAFLD. We used information retrieved from large public National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, Genome-wide association studies, and phenome-wide association studies based on the general population and explored whether variants associated with NAFLD also present associations with blood cell-related traits. Next, we applied systems biology approaches to assess the potential biological connection/s between genes that predispose affected individuals to NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and genes that modulate hematological-related traits—specifically platelet count. We reasoned that this analysis would allow the identification of potential molecular mediators that link NAFLD with platelets. Genes associated with platelet count are most highly expressed in the liver, followed by the pancreas, heart, and muscle. Conversely, genes associated with NAFLD presented high expression levels in the brain, lung, spleen, and colon. Functional mapping, gene prioritization, and functional analysis of the most significant loci (P < 1 × 10-8) revealed that loci involved in the genetic modulation of platelet count presented significant enrichment in metabolic and energy balance pathways. In conclusion, variants in genes influencing NAFLD exhibit pleiotropic associations with hematologic traits, particularly platelet count. Likewise, significant enrichment of related genes with variants influencing platelet traits was noted in metabolic-related pathways. Hence, this approach yields novel mechanistic insights into NAFLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jose Pirola
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427ARO, Argentina
- Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427ARO, Argentina
| | - Adrian Salatino
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427ARO, Argentina
- Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427ARO, Argentina
| | - Silvia Sookoian
- Institute of Medical Research A Lanari, University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427ARO, Argentina
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Medical Research (IDIM), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427ARO, Argentina
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19
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Wang R, Zhang D, Tang D, Sun K, Peng J, Zhu W, Yin S, Wu Y. Amygdalin inhibits TGFβ1-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro and CCl 4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107151. [PMID: 33296784 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) has been considered one of the major events in hepatic fibrosis. Amygdalin has been used to treat cancers and alleviate pain; however, its role and mechanism in HSC activation and hepatic fibrosis remain unclear. In the present study, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) stimulated the activation of HSCs, as indicated by significantly increased alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), desmin, collagen I, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) protein levels. Amygdalin treatment dramatically suppressed TGF-β1-induced HSC proliferation and activation. Moreover, amygdalin treatment also reduced the TGF-β1-induced secretion of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), as well as the phosphorylation of Smad2, Smad3, and p65. In the CCl4-stimulated liver fibrosis rat model, amygdalin treatment improved liver fibrosis and liver damage by reducing focal necrosis, collagen fiber accumulation, and the protein levels of α-SMA, desmin, collagen I, and TIMP-1 in hepatic tissue samples and reducing serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels. In conclusion, we demonstrated the suppressive effects of amygdalin in TGF-β1-induced HSC activation through modulating proliferation, fibrogenesis, and inflammation signaling in vitro and the antifibrotic effects of amygdalin in CCl4-stimulated hepatic fibrosis in rats in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519015, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Kewei Sun
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Jianping Peng
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Wenfang Zhu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Sihan Yin
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Yunan Wu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China.
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20
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Huang DQ, Muthiah MD, Zhou L, Jumat H, Tan WX, Lee GH, Lim SG, Kow A, Bonney G, Shridhar I, Lim YT, Wee A, Pang YH, Soon G, Chow P, Dan YY. Predicting HCC Response to Multikinase Inhibitors With In Vivo Cirrhotic Mouse Model for Personalized Therapy. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:1313-1325. [PMID: 33340714 PMCID: PMC8020437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises in a cirrhotic, pro-angiogenic microenvironment. Inhibiting angiogenesis is a key mode of action of multikinase inhibitors and current non-cirrhotic models are unable to predict treatment response. We present a novel mouse cirrhotic model of xenotransplant that predicts the natural biology of HCC and allows personalized therapy. METHODS Cirrhosis was induced in NOD Scid gamma mice with 4 months of thioacetamide administration. Patient derived xenografts (PDXs) were created by transplant of human HCC subcutaneously into non-cirrhotic mice and intra-hepatically into both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic mice. The applicability of cirrhotic PDXs for drug testing was tested with 16 days of either sorafenib or lenvatinib. Treatment response was evaluated by MRI. RESULTS 8 out of 19 (42%) human HCC engrafted in the cirrhotic model compared with only 3 out of 19 (16%) that engrafted in the subcutaneous non-cirrhotic model. Tumor vasculature was preserved in the cirrhotic model but was diminished in the non-cirrhotic models. Metastasis developed in 3 cirrhotic PDX lines and was associated with early HCC recurrence in all 3 corresponding patients (100%), compared with only 5 out of 16 (31%) of the other PDX lines, P = .027. The cirrhotic model was able to predict response and non-response to lenvatinib and sorafenib respectively in the corresponding patients. Response to lenvatinib in the cirrhotic PDX was associated with reduction in CD34, VEGFR2 and CLEC4G immunofluorescence area and intensity (all P ≤ .03). CONCLUSIONS A clinically relevant cirrhotic PDX model preserves tumor angiogenesis and allows prediction of response to multikinase inhibitors for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Q Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark D Muthiah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Halisah Jumat
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Xin Tan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guan Huei Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seng Gee Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alfred Kow
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Glenn Bonney
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Iyer Shridhar
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yi Ting Lim
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Aileen Wee
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yin Huei Pang
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Gwyneth Soon
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Pierce Chow
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore; Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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21
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Sharma A, Verma AK, Kofron M, Kudira R, Miethke A, Wu T, Wang J, Gandhi CR. Lipopolysaccharide Reverses Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation Through Modulation of cMyb, Small Mothers Against Decapentaplegic, and CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein C/EBP Transcription Factors. Hepatology 2020; 72:1800-1818. [PMID: 32064648 PMCID: PMC8009050 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS During liver injury, quiescent hepatic stellate cells (qHSCs) transdifferentiate into proliferative and fibrogenic activated myofibroblastic phenotype (activated hepatic stellate cell; aHSCs) expressing smooth muscle α-actin (αSMA) and platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor (PDGFβR). Their interactions with gut-derived bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are implicated in hepatic fibrogenesis. However, LPS can also attenuate fibrogenic characteristics of aHSCs. APPROACH AND RESULTS We examined molecular mechanisms of antifibrogenic effects of LPS on aHSCs in vitro and in vivo. Culture-activated rat HSCs were exposed to 0-100 ng/mL of LPS or its active component, diphosphoryl-lipid A (DPLA), and parameters of fibrosis and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were determined by qRT-PCR, western, and immunohistochemical analyses. In vivo, HSCs were activated by repeated CCl4 administration to rats every 3 days for 3 or 8 weeks, then challenged with LPS (5 mg/kg; IP). HSCs were isolated 24 hours later, and fibrogenic/inflammatory parameters were analyzed. LPS induced phenotypic changes in aHSCs (rounding, size reduction) and loss of proliferation. LPS down-regulated expression of αSMA, PDGFβR, transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFβR1), collagen 1α1 (Col1α1), and fibronectin while up-regulating tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 expression. LPS did not increase peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma expression or lipid accumulation typical of qHSCs. DPLA elicited the same effects as LPS on aHSCs, indicating specificity, and monophosphoryl lipid A down-regulated fibrogenic markers, but elicited very weak inflammatory response. LPS down-regulated the expression of cMyb, a transcription factor for αSMA, and up-regulated small mother against decapentaplegic (SMAD)7 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)δ, the transcriptional inhibitors of Col1α1 expression. In vivo LPS treatment of aHSCs inhibited their proliferation, down-regulated PDGFβR, αSMA, TGFβR1, Col1α1, and cMyb expression, and increased expression of SMAD7, C/EBPα, and C/EBPδ. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, LPS induces a unique phenotype in aHSCs associated with down-regulation of key fibrogenic mechanisms and thus may have an important role in limiting fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatries, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Alok K. Verma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatries, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Matthew Kofron
- Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatries, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Ramesh Kudira
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatries, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Alexander Miethke
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatries, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Jiang Wang
- Deparment of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Chandrashekhar R. Gandhi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatries, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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22
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Amoras EDSG, Monteiro Gomes ST, Freitas Queiroz MA, de Araújo MSM, de Araújo MTF, da Silva Conde SRS, Ishak R, Vallinoto ACR. Intrahepatic interleukin 10 expression modulates fibrinogenesis during chronic HCV infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241199. [PMID: 33125400 PMCID: PMC7598451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Liver fibrosis is a result of continuous damage to the liver combined with accumulation of the extracellular matrix and is characteristic of most chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methods This study evaluated interleukin 10 (IL10) expression in the liver and plasma of 45 HCV patients and its association with the pathogenesis and progression of liver fibrosis. The expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFB1) was also assessed. Patients were divided into three groups according to the METAVIR classification (F0-F1, F2 and F3-F4); there was also a control group (n = 8). Results In the control group, high intrahepatic IL10 mRNA expression showed a positive association with F0-F1 fibrosis, no inflammation, low concentrations of liver enzymes and a high viral load; conversely, low intrahepatic IL10 mRNA expression showed a negative association with fibrosis progression. Intrahepatic TGFB1 mRNA expression was greater in the HCV group than in the control group, and regarding different disease phases, its expression increased as fibrosis evolved to more severe forms. Conclusion Intrahepatic IL10 mRNA expression decreases with persistent fibrosis, probably due to the production of TGF-β1, a potent antimitotic and fibrogenic cytokine. IL10 restricts and decreases the immune response and limits the fibrogenic response; however, a decrease in IL10 favors persistent inflammatory infiltrate, resulting in severe fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Simone Regina Souza da Silva Conde
- School of Medicine, Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Hepatology Outpatient Clinic, João Barros Barreto University Hospital, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ishak
- Virology Laboratory, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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23
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Golbabapour S, Bagheri-Lankarani K, Ghavami S, Geramizadeh B. Autoimmune Hepatitis and Stellate Cells: An Insight into the Role of Autophagy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:6073-6095. [PMID: 30947648 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190402120231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis is a necroinflammatory process of liver, featuring interface hepatitis
by T cells, macrophages and plasma cells that invade to periportal parenchyma. In this process, a
variety of cytokines are secreted and liver tissues undergo fibrogenesis, resulting in the apoptosis of
hepatocytes. Autophagy is a complementary mechanism for restraining intracellular pathogens to
which the innate immune system does not provide efficient endocytosis. Hepatocytes with their
particular regenerative features are normally in a quiescent state, and, autophagy controls the accumulation
of excess products, therefore the liver serves as a basic model for the study of autophagy.
Impairment of autophagy in the liver causes the accumulation of damaged organelles, misfolded
proteins and exceeded lipids in hepatocytes as seen in metabolic diseases. In this review, we introduce
autoimmune hepatitis in association with autophagy signaling. We also discuss some genes and
proteins of autophagy, their regulatory roles in the activation of hepatic stellate cells and the importance
of lipophagy and tyrosine kinase in hepatic fibrogenesis. In order to provide a comprehensive
overview of the regulatory role of autophagy in autoimmune hepatitis, the pathway analysis of autophagy
in autoimmune hepatitis is also included in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Golbabapour
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, United Kingdom
| | - Kamran Bagheri-Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Department of Pathology, Medical school of Shiraz University, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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24
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Ölander M, Wiśniewski JR, Artursson P. Cell-type-resolved proteomic analysis of the human liver. Liver Int 2020; 40:1770-1780. [PMID: 32243721 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The human liver functions through a complex interplay between parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of intact tissue has provided an in-depth view of the human liver proteome. However, the predominance of parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) means that the total tissue proteome mainly reflects hepatocyte expression. Here we therefore set out to analyse the proteomes of the major parenchymal and non-parenchymal cell types in the human liver. METHODS We applied quantitative label-free proteomic analysis on the major cell types of the human liver: hepatocytes, liver endothelial cells, Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells. RESULTS We identified 9791 proteins, revealing distinct protein expression profiles across cell types, whose in vivo relevance was shown by the presence of cell-type-specific proteins. Analysis of proteins related to the immune system indicated that mechanisms of immune-mediated liver injury include the involvement of several cell types. Furthermore, in-depth investigation of proteins related to the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) of xenobiotics showed that ADMET-related tasks are not exclusively confined to hepatocytes, and that non-parenchymal cells may contribute to drug transport and metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the data we provide constitute a unique resource for exploring the proteomes of the major types of human liver cells, which will facilitate an improved understanding of the human liver in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Ölander
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jacek R Wiśniewski
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Human Liver-Derived Extracellular Matrix for the Culture of Distinct Human Primary Liver Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061357. [PMID: 32486126 PMCID: PMC7349413 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of robust methods to preserve, purify and in vitro maintain the phenotype of the human liver’s highly specialized parenchymal and non-parenchymal cell types importantly hampers their exploitation for the development of research and clinical applications. There is in this regard a growing interest in the use of tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) to provide cells with an in vitro environment that more closely resembles that of the native tissue. In the present study, we have developed a method that allows for the isolation and downstream application of the human liver’s main cell types from cryopreserved material. We also isolated and solubilized human liver ECM (HL-ECM), analyzed its peptidomic and proteomic composition by mass spectrometry and evaluated its interest for the culture of distinct primary human liver cells. Our analysis of the HL-ECM revealed proteomic diversity, type 1 collagen abundance and partial loss of integrity following solubilization. Solubilized HL-ECM was evaluated either as a coating or as a medium supplement for the culture of human primary hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Whereas the solubilized HL-ECM was suitable for cell culture, its impact on the phenotype and/or functionality of the human liver cells was limited. Our study provides a first detailed characterization of solubilized HL-ECM and a first report of its influence on the culture of distinct human primary liver cells.
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Gandhi CR. Pro- and Anti-fibrogenic Functions of Gram-Negative Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide in the Liver. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:130. [PMID: 32373617 PMCID: PMC7186417 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research performed over several decades has identified cells participating in the initiation and progression of fibrosis, and the numerous underlying inter- and intra-cellular signaling pathways. However, liver fibrosis continues to be a major clinical challenge as the precise targets of treatment are still elusive. Activation of physiologically quiescent perisinusoidal hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to a myofibroblastic proliferating, contractile and fibrogenic phenotype is a critical event in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. Thus, elucidation of the mechanisms of the reversal to quiescence or inhibition of activated HSCs, and/or their elimination via apoptosis has been the focus of intense investigation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a gut-resident Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, is a powerful pro-inflammatory molecule implicated in hepatic injury, inflammation and fibrosis. In both acute and chronic liver injury, portal venous levels of LPS are elevated due to increased intestinal permeability. LPS, via CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its adapter molecules, stimulates macrophages, neutrophils and several other cell types to produce inflammatory mediators as well as factors that can activate HSCs and stimulate their fibrogenic activity. LPS also stimulates synthesis of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, growth mediators and molecules of immune regulation by HSCs. However, LPS was found to arrest proliferation of activated HSCs and to convert them into non-fibrogenic phenotype. Interestingly, LPS can elicit responses in HSCs independent of CD14 and TLR4. Identifying and/or developing non-inflammatory but anti-fibrogenic mimetics of LPS could be relevant for treating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar R Gandhi
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Singh L, Joshi T, Tewari D, Echeverría J, Mocan A, Sah AN, Parvanov E, Tzvetkov NT, Ma ZF, Lee YY, Poznański P, Huminiecki L, Sacharczuk M, Jóźwik A, Horbańczuk JO, Feder-Kubis J, Atanasov AG. Ethnopharmacological Applications Targeting Alcohol Abuse: Overview and Outlook. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1593. [PMID: 32116660 PMCID: PMC7034411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is the cause of several diseases and thus is of a major concern for society. Worldwide alcohol consumption has increased by many folds over the past decades. This urgently calls for intervention and relapse counteract measures. Modern pharmacological solutions induce complete alcohol self-restraint and prevent relapse, but they have many side effects. Natural products are most promising as they cause fewer adverse effects. Here we discuss in detail the medicinal plants used in various traditional/folklore medicine systems for targeting alcohol abuse. We also comprehensively describe preclinical and clinical studies done on some of these plants along with the possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Singh
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation & Management, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment & Sustainable Development, Almora, India
| | - Tanuj Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Archana N. Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Emil Parvanov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Division BIOCEV, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nikolay T. Tzvetkov
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev”, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department Global R&D, NTZ Lab Ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zheng Feei Ma
- Department of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Piotr Poznański
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Lukasz Huminiecki
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Mariusz Sacharczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Artur Jóźwik
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Jarosław O. Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Feder-Kubis
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Shiha G, Mousa N. Noninvasive Biomarkers for Liver Fibrosis. LIVER DISEASES 2020:427-441. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24432-3_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
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Bravo M, Raurell I, Hide D, Fernández-Iglesias A, Gil M, Barberá A, Salcedo MT, Augustin S, Genescà J, Martell M. Restoration of liver sinusoidal cell phenotypes by statins improves portal hypertension and histology in rats with NASH. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20183. [PMID: 31882668 PMCID: PMC6934751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common chronic liver disorder in developed countries, with the associated clinical complications driven by portal hypertension (PH). PH may precede fibrosis development, probably due to endothelial dysfunction at early stages of the disease. Our aim was to characterize liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) dedifferentiation/capillarization and its contribution to PH in NASH, together with assessing statins capability to revert endothelial function improving early NASH stages. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high fat glucose-fructose diet (HFGFD), or control diet (CD) for 8 weeks and then treated with simvastatin (sim) (10 mg·kg−1·day−1), atorvastatin (ato) (10 mg·kg−1·day−1) or vehicle during 2 weeks. Biochemical, histological and hemodynamic determinations were carried out. Sinusoidal endothelial dysfunction was assessed in individualized sorted LSEC and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) from animal groups and in whole liver samples. HFGFD rats showed full NASH features without fibrosis but with significantly increased portal pressure compared with CD rats (10.47 ± 0.37 mmHg vs 8.30 ± 0.22 mmHg; p < 0.001). Moreover, HFGFD rats showed a higher percentage of capillarized (CD32b−/CD11b−) LSEC (8% vs 1%, p = 0.005) showing a contractile phenotype associated to HSC activation. Statin treatments caused a significant portal pressure reduction (sim: 9.29 ± 0.25 mmHg, p < 0.01; ato: 8.85 ± 0.30 mmHg, p < 0.001), NASH histology reversion, along with significant recovery of LSEC differentiation and a regression of HSC activation to a more quiescent phenotype. In an early NASH model without fibrosis with PH, LSEC transition to capillarization and HSC activation are reverted by statin treatment inducing portal pressure decrease and NASH features improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Bravo
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Imma Raurell
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Hide
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabel Fernández-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab. IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Gil
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurora Barberá
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Salvador Augustin
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joan Genescà
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Martell
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Oncostatin M, A Profibrogenic Mediator Overexpressed in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Stimulates Migration of Hepatic Myofibroblasts. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010028. [PMID: 31861914 PMCID: PMC7017087 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic myofibroblasts (MFs) can originate from hepatic stellate cells, portal fibroblasts, or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and can migrate towards the site of injury by aligning with nascent and established fibrotic septa in response to several mediators. Oncostatin M (OSM) is known to orchestrate hypoxia-modulated hepatic processes involving the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). METHODS In vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to analyze the expression of OSM and OSM-receptor (OSMR) in three murine models of non-alcoholic-fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and -steatohepatitis (NASH) and in human NASH patients as well as the action of OSM on phenotypic responses of human MFs. RESULTS Hepatic OSM and OSMR levels were overexpressed in three murine NASH models and in NASH patients. OSM stimulates migration in human MFs by involving early intracellular ROS generation and activation of Ras/Erk, JNK1/2, PI3K/Akt as well as STAT1/STAT3 pathways and HIF-1α. OSM-dependent migration relies on a biphasic mechanism requiring early intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and late HIF1-dependent expression and release of VEGF. CONCLUSION OSM is overexpressed in experimental and human progressive NAFLD and can act as a profibrogenic factor by directly stimulating migration of hepatic MFs.
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Tibaldi E, Brocca A, Sticca A, Gola E, Pizzi M, Bordin L, Pagano MA, Mazzorana M, Donà G, Violi P, Marin O, Romano A, Angeli P, Carraro A, Brunati AM. Fam20C-mediated phosphorylation of osteopontin is critical for its secretion but dispensable for its action as a cytokine in the activation of hepatic stellate cells in liver fibrogenesis. FASEB J 2019; 34:1122-1135. [PMID: 31914633 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900880r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphoglycoprotein secreted into the extracellular matrix upon liver injury, acting as a cytokine stimulates the deposition of fibrillary collagen in liver fibrogenesis. In livers of mice subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL) and in cultured activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), we show that OPN, besides being overexpressed, is substantially phosphorylated by family with sequence similarity 20, member C (Fam20C), formerly known as Golgi casein kinase (G-CK), which is exclusively resident in the Golgi apparatus. In both experimental models, Fam20C becomes overactive when associated with a 500-kDa multiprotein complex, as compared with the negligible activity in livers of sham-operated rats and in quiescent HSCs. Fam20C knockdown not only confirmed the role of Fam20C itself in OPN phosphorylation, but also revealed that phosphorylation was essential for OPN secretion. However, OPN acts as a fibrogenic factor independently of its phosphorylation state, as demonstrated by the increased expression of Collagen-I by HSCs incubated with either a phosphorylated or nonphosphorylated form of recombinant OPN. Collectively, our results confirm that OPN promotes liver fibrosis and highlight Fam20C as a novel factor driving this process by favoring OPN secretion from HSCs, opening new avenues for deciphering yet unidentified mechanisms underlying liver fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tibaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Gola
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pizzi
- General Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luciana Bordin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marco Mazzorana
- Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Gabriella Donà
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Violi
- Department of General Surgery and Odontoiatrics, Liver Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Oriano Marin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Romano
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Angeli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Amedeo Carraro
- Department of General Surgery and Odontoiatrics, Liver Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Ghasemi A, Zadsar M, Shaiegan M, Samiei S, Namvar A, Rasouli M, Moosanejad M. Human platelet antigens polymorphisms; association to the development of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol 2019; 92:45-52. [PMID: 30729550 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recently, human platelet antigens (HPAs) polymorphisms are found to play a role in susceptibility to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and fibrosis progression. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the possible association between the HPAs polymorphisms with liver fibrosis progression in HCV patients. HPAs polymorphisms genotyping was performed in HCV patients (n = 71) by Sequence-specific primers-polymerase chain reaction. Fibrosis progression was evaluated using the Metavir scoring system and liver biopsy, and the patients were assigned to two groups, namely, G1 (n = 35) that included patients with F1 (portal fibrosis without septa) or F2 (few septa) and G2 (n = 36) that comprised patients with F3 (numerous septa) or F4 (cirrhosis). The data analyses were performed using Pearson's χ2 test. The genotype frequency of HPA-3ab was significantly higher in G1 patients than in G2 patients (P = 0.015). No statistically significant differences were found between the patient groups (G1 and G2) regarding the distributions of the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the HPA-1, -2, -4, -5, and -15 systems. Multivariate logistic regression showed an independent association between the genotype HPA-3aa/BB and severe fibrosis (F3-F4), when compared with genotype HPA-3ab, independent of the viral genotype, high alanine transaminase, sex, age, time of infection, diabetes, and high cholesterol as risk factors. The present study suggested that the HPA-3ab genotype could be noticed as a potential protecting factor against hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, the antigenic variation of integrins might be considered as a part of the coordinated inflammatory process involved in the progression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Hematology, Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research & Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zadsar
- Department of Microbiology, Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research & Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Shaiegan
- Department of Immunohematology, Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research & Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Samiei
- Department of Biochemistry, Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research & Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Namvar
- Department of Genetics, Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Rasouli
- Department of Biostatics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Molood Moosanejad
- Department of Clinical Consult, Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research & Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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Zhai X, Wang W, Dou D, Ma Y, Gang D, Jiang Z, Shi B, Jin B. A novel technique to prepare a single cell suspension of isolated quiescent human hepatic stellate cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12757. [PMID: 31485000 PMCID: PMC6726602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore a simple and easy-to-learn procedure for the isolation of human quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) that requires no advanced training. Thus reducing costs and increasing efficiency. This protocol will provide sufficient primary cells with minimal contaminants for future basic research on diseases associated with human HSCs. Normal liver tissues were isolated from patients undergoing hepatic hemangioma resection, and a single cell suspension of these tissues was prepared using the Gentle MACS tissue processor. By using this method, the difficulty of the procedure was reduced, fewer cells were lost during the preparation treatments, and the maximal activity of single cells was maintained. Following preparation of the cell suspension, the HSCs were further isolated using a Nycodenz density gradient. Cell viability was examined by trypan blue staining, and the purity of the quiescent human HSCs was determined by autofluorescence and oil red O staining. Activated and quiescent human HSCs were identified using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The cell cycle distribution in activated and quiescent human HSCs was analyzed by flow cytometry.The recovery rate of the HSCs was approximately (2.1 ± 0.23) × 106 of tissue, with 94.43 ± 1.89% cell viability and 93.8 ± 1.52% purity. The technique used in this study is a simple, high-yield, and repeatable method for HSC isolation that is worthy of recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhai
- Department of general surgery, Qilu hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dandan Dou
- School of basic medical sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- Department of general surgery, Qilu hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Du Gang
- Department of general surgery, Qilu hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhengchen Jiang
- Department of general surgery, Qilu hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Binyao Shi
- Department of general surgery, Qilu hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Jin
- Department of general surgery, Qilu hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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SERAG WM, MOHAMED MM, ELSAYED BE, ABD-ELHAMED SM. Determination of liver fibrosis stages in Egyptian chronic hepatitis B patients by a noninvasive tool. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:1145-1150. [PMID: 31385666 PMCID: PMC7018308 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1812-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of liver fibrosis (LF). The prognosis and management of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus depend on the amount and progression of liver fibrosis. Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (Angptl2) is not only a chronic inflammatory mediator, but also a tissue-remodeling factor. The aim of this study is to explore the predictive value of Angptl2 in different fibrosis stages in patients chronically infected with HBV. Materials and methods Eighty patients with chronic HBV infection undergoing Fibroscan were included. Serum concentrations of Angptl2 were detected using a commercial ELISA kit. Results Angptl2 levels were significantly associated with liver fibrosis stages (P = 0.02). The area under the curve (AUC) of Angptl2 for distinguishing patients who showed significant fibrosis (F2–F4) was70.2%. Angptl2 with fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) and Angptl2 with AST/platelets ratio (APRI) performed best with an AUC of 92.5%. Conclusion In patients with chronic HBV infection, Angptl2 level represents a potential biomarker independently associated with fibrosis stages. The combination of Angptl2 with FIB-4 or Angptl2 with APRI performed better than the existing models for diagnosing significant fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Basem Eysa ELSAYED
- National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, CairoEgypt
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Lambrecht J, Verhulst S, Mannaerts I, Sowa JP, Best J, Canbay A, Reynaert H, van Grunsven LA. A PDGFRβ-based score predicts significant liver fibrosis in patients with chronic alcohol abuse, NAFLD and viral liver disease. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:501-512. [PMID: 31036530 PMCID: PMC6558023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor beta (PDGFRβ) has been associated to hepatic stellate cell activation and has been the target of multiple therapeutic studies. However, little is known concerning its use as a diagnostic agent. Methods Circulating PDGFRβ levels were analysed in a cohort of patients with liver fibrosis/cirrhosis due to chronic alcohol abuse, viral hepatitis, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The diagnostic performance of PDGFRβ as individual blood parameter, or in combination with other metabolic factors was evaluated. Findings sPDGFRβ levels are progressively increased with increasing fibrosis stage and the largest difference was observed in patients with significant fibrosis, compared to no or mild fibrosis. The accuracy of sPDGFRβ-levels predicting fibrosis could be increased by combining it with albumin levels and platelet counts into a novel diagnostic algorithm, the PRTA-score, generating a predictive value superior to Fib-4, APRI, and AST/ALT. The sPDGFRβ levels and the PRTA-score are independent of liver disease aetiology, thus overcoming one of the major weaknesses of current non-invasive clinical and experimental scores. Finally, we confirmed the diagnostic value of sPDGFRβ levels and the PRTA-score in an independent patient cohort with NAFLD which was staged for fibrosis by liver biopsy. Interpretation The PRTA-score is an accurate tool for detecting significant liver fibrosis in a broad range of liver disease aetiologies. Fund Vrije Universiteit Brussel, the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Flanders) (HILIM-3D; SBO140045), and the Fund of Scientific Research Flanders (FWO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri Lambrecht
- Department of Basic (Bio-)medical Sciences, Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Verhulst
- Department of Basic (Bio-)medical Sciences, Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inge Mannaerts
- Department of Basic (Bio-)medical Sciences, Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan-Peter Sowa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan Best
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Reynaert
- Department of Basic (Bio-)medical Sciences, Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Brussels (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leo A van Grunsven
- Department of Basic (Bio-)medical Sciences, Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Irshad M, Gupta P, Irshad K. Immunopathogenesis of Liver Injury During Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2019; 32:112-120. [PMID: 30817236 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2018.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present report describes current concepts about the mechanism of liver cell injury caused by host immune response against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in human beings. This report is based on the observations from experimental studies and follow-up actions on human liver diseases. The results from different investigations suggest that liver injury depends on the presentation of viral antigen and the level of host immune response raised against HCV-related peptides. Both innate and adaptive immunity are triggered to counter the viral onset. During development of host immunity, the cell-mediated immune response involving CD4+ Th1 cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) cells were found to play a major role in causing liver damage. The hepatic Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) subsets are involved in the immune regulation of different liver diseases: viral hepatitis, mechanical liver injury, and fibrosis. Humoral immunity and natural killer (NK) cell action also contributed in liver cell injury by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In fact, immunopathogenesis of HCV infection is a complex phenomenon where regulation of immune response at several steps decides the possibility of viral elimination or persistence. Regulation of immune response was noted starting from viral-host interaction to immune reaction cascade engaged in cell damage. The activation or suppression of interferon-stimulated genes, NK cell action, CTL inducement by regulatory T cells (Treg), B cell proliferation, and so on was demonstrated during HCV infection. Involvement of HLA in antigen presentation, as well as types of viral genotypes, also influenced host immune response against HCV peptides. The combined effect of all these effector mechanisms ultimately decides the progression of viral onset to acute or chronic infection. In conclusion, immunopathogenesis of liver injury after HCV infection may be ascribed mainly to host immune response. Second, it is cell-mediated immunity that plays a predominant role in liver cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Irshad
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- 2 Clinical Biochemistry Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushboo Irshad
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Unfolded protein response is an early, non-critical event during hepatic stellate cell activation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:98. [PMID: 30718473 PMCID: PMC6362073 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells activate upon liver injury and help at restoring damaged tissue by producing extracellular matrix proteins. A drastic increase in matrix proteins results in liver fibrosis and we hypothesize that this sudden increase leads to accumulation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and its compensatory mechanism, the unfolded protein response. We indeed observe a very early, but transient induction of unfolded protein response genes during activation of primary mouse hepatic stellate cells in vitro and in vivo, prior to induction of classical stellate cell activation genes. This unfolded protein response does not seem sufficient to drive stellate cell activation on its own, as chemical induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress with tunicamycin in 3D cultured, quiescent stellate cells is not able to induce stellate cell activation. Inhibition of Jnk is important for the transduction of the unfolded protein response. Stellate cells isolated from Jnk knockout mice do not activate as much as their wild-type counterparts and do not have an induced expression of unfolded protein response genes. A timely termination of the unfolded protein response is essential to prevent endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis. A pathway known to be involved in this termination is the non-sense-mediated decay pathway. Non-sense-mediated decay inhibitors influence the unfolded protein response at early time points during stellate cell activation. Our data suggest that UPR in HSCs is differentially regulated between acute and chronic stages of the activation process. In conclusion, our data demonstrates that the unfolded protein response is a JNK1-dependent early event during hepatic stellate cell activation, which is counteracted by non-sense-mediated decay and is not sufficient to drive the stellate cell activation process. Therapeutic strategies based on UPR or NMD modulation might interfere with fibrosis, but will remain challenging because of the feedback mechanisms between the stress pathways.
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Mu M, Zuo S, Wu RM, Deng KS, Lu S, Zhu JJ, Zou GL, Yang J, Cheng ML, Zhao XK. Ferulic acid attenuates liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation via inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:4107-4115. [PMID: 30584275 PMCID: PMC6284527 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s186726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Liver fibrosis is a worldwide health issue. Development of effective new drugs for treatment of this disease is of great importance. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of ferulic acid on liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods Human hepatic stellate cell line (HSC) LX-2 was used for in vitro assays. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was used to induce hepatic fibrosis in LX-2 cells. Western blot was used to detect protein levels of collagen I, fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), p-Smad2, p-Smad3, p-p38, and p-JNK. Gene expression was measured by RT-qPCR. Fluorescence staining was used to determine localization of Smad4. CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in SD rats was used as an in vivo model. Histological features were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hexadecenoic acid (HA), and hydroxyproline (Hyp) were measured by ELISA. Results TGF-β1 treatment significantly increased levels of collagen I, fibronectin, α-SMA, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and Smad4 in LX-2 cells. Ferulic acid improved TGF-β1-induced hepatic fibrosis via regulation of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Consistent with in vitro data, CCl4 caused severe hepatic fibrosis in SD rats, as determined by ALT, AST, HA, and Hyp upregulation. Protein levels of p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 in liver tissues were significantly increased following treatment with CCl4. All CCL4-induced changes were markedly attenuated by ferulic acid treatment. Conclusion Ferulic acid potently improved hepatic fibrosis via inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway in vitro and in vivo. These findings provided evidence for potential use of ferulic acid to treat or prevent liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Mu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China, ;
| | - Shi Zuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Rong-Min Wu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Maternity Hospital of Guizhou, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Kai-Sheng Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China, ;
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China, ;
| | - Juan-Juan Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China, ;
| | - Gao-Liang Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China, ;
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China, ;
| | - Ming-Liang Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China, ;
| | - Xue-Ke Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China, ;
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Qian Y, Han J, Zhou L, Yu Q, Xu J, Jin Z, Yang Y, Jiang L, Lou D. Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Reduces Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Activation and Inflammatory Cytokines in Hepatic Stellate Cells In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5533-5541. [PMID: 30091424 PMCID: PMC6097137 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression is associated with hepatic fibrogenesis. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) release inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix (ECM). The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate HSCs, activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the role of EGFR using the small molecule EGFR inhibitor, AG1478, and using knockdown of the EGFR gene using small interfering RNA (siRNA) cell transfection. MATERIAL AND METHODS HSCs, isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats, were cultured and treated with and without LPS (100 ng/mL), with and without AG1478 (2.5 μM and 5.0 μM) Cell survival and proliferation were studied using an MTT assay. Western blot was used to measure levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IκBα, cytoplasm and nuclear NFκB and EGFR in the cell lysates before and after small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the mRNA levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, Col-1, and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA). The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist TAK-242 and the selective c-Src inhibitor, PP2 in LPS induced-EGFR phosphorylation was evaluated using Western blot. RESULTS Inhibition of EGFR decreased LPS-induced HSC proliferation and inflammatory cytokines. The TLR4 antagonist TAK-242, and the c-Src inhibitor, PP2 reduced EGFR activation of HSCs, indicating a possible role for the TLR4/c-Src signaling cascade in LPS-induced HSC activation. CONCLUSIONS Activation of HSCs by LPS in vitro, including the expression of inflammatory cytokines and mediators of fibrogenesis, were shown to be dependent on the expression of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Qian
- Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jibo Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Liqin Zhou
- Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Qi Yu
- Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhigang Jin
- Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yifeng Yang
- Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Liqin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Dayong Lou
- Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Lou D, Han J, Zhou L, Ma H, Xv J, Shou J, Xu Z, Jiang L, Qian Y. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 antagonism attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells via suppressing inflammation. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2909-2916. [PMID: 30250515 PMCID: PMC6143916 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) serve key roles in hepatic fibrosis by producing excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been found to be associated with hepatic fibrogenesis through direct interactions with HSCs. Recently, the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) signalling system was identified as a key player in the process of liver fibrosis. In the present study it was evaluated whether FGFR1 mediated LPS-induced HSCs activation. In cultured cells, FGFR1 was inhibited by either siRNA silencing or by a small-molecule inhibitor in LPS-stimulated HSCs. The blockade of FGFR1 decreased LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, inflammatory cytokine release, fibrosis, and cell proliferation in HSCs. It was further indicated that LPS triggered FGFR1 phosphorylation via TLR4/c-Src. These findings confirmed the detrimental effect of FGFR1 activation in the pathogenesis of LPS-related HSC activation and revealed that FGFR1 may be an ideal therapeutic target for LPS-induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Lou
- Medication Department, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Jibo Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Liqin Zhou
- Medication Department, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Huanjie Ma
- Medication Department, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Jianjiang Xv
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Shou
- Medication Department, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiu Xu
- Medication Department, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Liqin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Qian
- Medication Department, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
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Ma X, Luo Q, Zhu H, Liu X, Dong Z, Zhang K, Zou Y, Wu J, Ge J, Sun A. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activation ameliorates CCl 4 -induced chronic liver fibrosis in mice by up-regulating Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3965-3978. [PMID: 29799157 PMCID: PMC6050510 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is critical in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. However, the effect of ALHD2 on liver fibrosis remains to be further elucidated. This study aimed to demonstrate whether ALDH2 regulates carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver fibrosis and to investigate the efficacy of Alda‐1, a specific activator of ALDH2, on attenuating liver fibrosis. ALDH2 expression was increased after chronic CCl4 exposure. ALDH2 deficiency accentuated CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis in mice, accompanied by increased expression of collagen 1α1, α‐SMA and TIMP‐1. Moreover, ALDH2 knockout triggered more ROS generation, hepatocyte apoptosis and impaired mitophagy after CCl4 treatment. In cultured HSC‐T6 cells, ALDH2 knockdown by transfecting with lentivirus vector increased ROS generation and α‐SMA expression in an in vitro hepatocyte fibrosis model using TGF‐β1. ALDH2 overexpression by lentivirus or activation by Alda‐1 administration partly reversed the effect of TGF‐β1, whereas ALDH2 knockdown totally blocked the protective effect of Alda‐1. Furthermore, Alda‐1 administration protected against liver fibrosis in vivo, which might be mediated through up‐regulation of Nrf2/HO‐1 cascade and activation of Parkin‐related mitophagy. These findings indicate that ALDH2 deficiency aggravated CCl4‐induced hepatic fibrosis through ROS overproduction, increased apoptosis and mitochondrial damage, whereas ALDH2 activation through Alda‐1 administration alleviated hepatic fibrosis partly through activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 antioxidant pathway and Parkin‐related mitophagy, which indicate ALDH2 as a promising anti‐fibrotic target and Alda‐1 as a potential therapeutic agent in treating CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Cardiovascular Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Proteomic-genomic adjustments and their confluence for elucidation of pathways and networks during liver fibrosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:379-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mohamed IN, Sarhan NR, Eladl MA, El-Remessy AB, El-Sherbiny M. Deletion of Thioredoxin-interacting protein ameliorates high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through modulation of Toll-like receptor 2-NLRP3-inflammasome axis: Histological and immunohistochemical study. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:242-254. [PMID: 29482933 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endemic prevalence of obesity is associated with alarming increases in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with limited available therapeutics. Toll-like receptor2 (TLR2) and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) Inflammasome are implicated in hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis; the histological landmark stages of NASH. TXNIP, a member of α-arrestin family activates NLRP3 in response to various danger stimuli. The aim of current work was to investigate the effect of TXNIP genetic deletion on histological manifestations of high fat diet-induced steatohepatitis and activation of TLR2-NLRP3-inflammasome axis. Wild-type mice (WT) and TXNIP knock out (TKO) littermates were randomized to normal diet (WT-ND and TKO-ND) or high fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) (WT-HFD and TKO-HFD). After 8-weeks, liver samples from all groups were evaluated by histological, immunohistochemical and western blot analysis. HFD resulted in significant induction of micro and macrovesicular hepatic steatosis, that was associated with increased inflammatory immune cell infiltration in WT-HFD compared with WT-ND and TKO-ND controls, but not in TKO-HFD group. In parallel, WT-HFD group showed significant fibrosis and α-SMA expression; a marker of pro-fibrotic stellate-cell activation, in areas surrounding the central vein and portal circulation, versus all other groups. Western blot revealed increased activation of TLR2-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and downstream IL-1β and TNFα in WT-HFD group, but not in TKO-HFD group. IL-1β expression coincided within the same areas of steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition and α-SMA expression in WT-HFD mice, that was significantly reduced in TKO-HFD mice. In conclusion, TXNIP deletion ameliorates the HFD-induced steatosis, inflammatory and fibrotic response via modulation of TLR2-NLRP3 inflammasome axis. Targeting TXNIP-TLR2-NLRP3 pathway may provide potential therapeutic modalities for NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam N Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA; Augusta Biomedical Research Corporation, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Nahla Reda Sarhan
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Azza B El-Remessy
- Augusta Biomedical Research Corporation, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Medicine, Al-Maarefa College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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Benten D, Kluwe J, Wirth JW, Thiele ND, Follenzi A, Bhargava KK, Palestro CJ, Koepke M, Tjandra R, Volz T, Lutgehetmann M, Gupta S. A humanized mouse model of liver fibrosis following expansion of transplanted hepatic stellate cells. J Transl Med 2018; 98:525-536. [PMID: 29352225 PMCID: PMC6526950 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-017-0010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are major contributors to liver fibrosis, as hepatic injuries may cause their transdifferentiation into myofibroblast-like cells capable of producing excessive extracellular matrix proteins. Also, HSCs can modulate engraftment of transplanted hepatocytes and contribute to liver regeneration. Therefore, understanding the biology of human HSCs (hHSCs) is important, but effective methods have not been available to address their fate in vivo. To investigate whether HSCs could engraft and repopulate the liver, we transplanted GFP-transduced immortalized hHSCs into immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice. Biodistribution analysis with radiolabeled hHSCs showed that after intrasplenic injection, the majority of transplanted cells rapidly translocated to the liver. GFP-immunohistochemistry demonstrated that transplanted hHSCs engrafted alongside hepatic sinusoids. Prior permeabilization of the sinusoidal endothelial layer with monocrotaline enhanced engraftment of hHSCs. Transplanted hHSCs remained engrafted without relevant proliferation in the healthy liver. However, after CCl4 or bile duct ligation-induced liver damage, transplanted hHSCs expanded and contributed to extracellular matrix production, formation of bridging cell-septae and cirrhosis-like hepatic pseudolobules. CCl4-induced injury recruited hHSCs mainly to zone 3, whereas after bile duct ligation, hHSCs were mainly in zone 1 of the liver lobule. Transplanted hHSCs neither transdifferentiated into other cell types nor formed tumors in these settings. In conclusion, a humanized mouse model was generated by transplanting hHSCs, which proliferated during hepatic injury and inflammation, and contributed to liver fibrosis. The ability to repopulate the liver with transplanted hHSCs will be particularly significant for mechanistic studies of cell-cell interactions and fibrogenesis within the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Benten
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Diabetes Center, Cancer Center, Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Helios Klinikum Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Kluwe
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan W. Wirth
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina D. Thiele
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of HealthSciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Kuldeep K. Bhargava
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Long Island Jewish Health Center, NorthWell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J. Palestro
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Long Island Jewish Health Center, NorthWell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Michael Koepke
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reni Tjandra
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tassilo Volz
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Lutgehetmann
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Diabetes Center, Cancer Center, Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Amer J, Salhab A, Doron S, Morali G, Safadi R. A novel flow cytometry tool for fibrosis scoring through hepatic stellate cell differentiation. Cytometry A 2018. [PMID: 29517852 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a central fibrogenic cell type that contributes to collagen accumulation during chronic liver disease. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from HCV patients are phagocytized by HSCs and induce their differentiation. This study aimed to characterize HSCs differentiation using a flow cytometry tool for fibrosis scoring. NK cells from healthy donors and from patients with chronic HCV with various severities of fibrosis were co-cultured with a human HSC line (LX2). LX2 phagocytosis of NK cells were stained for NK cells (CD45/CD56/CD3) and NK activation marker (CD107a) as well as INF-γ, apoptosis (Annexin-V) and α-smooth-muscle-actin (αSMA, as a marker of LX2 activation). In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the senescence marker P15 were analyzed prior to flow cytometry analysis. LX2 mono-cultures demonstrated a homogenous cell-population according to size (forward-scattered; FSC), granularity and αSMA expressions. However, on their co-culture with NK cells, the HSCs formed four subpopulations, which were stratified by αSMA intensities and cell size. NK cells isolated from heathy donors did not activate LX2-cells. In contrast, HCV exposed to NK cells from both F1 and F4 fibrosis grade patients, showed elevated CD107a and INF-γ levels and increased αSMA intensities in two of the four cell populations, with fibrosis scoring showing a linear correlation with αSMA intensities and NK phagocytosis. The αSMAintermediate /SizeLow HSCs sub-population showed higher proliferation following F4-NK cells with higher phagocytosis ability, suggesting an active/regulatory population. The αSMAhigh /Sizehigh subpopulations showed low proliferation and phagocytosis capacity, and were correlated with higher apoptosis, increased ROS and P15 intensities, suggesting senescing cells. Taken together, NK cells lead to heterogeneous differentiation of HSCs. Flow-cytometry may provide a novel means of characterizing HSCs in relation to the severity of liver fibrosis. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Amer
- Liver and Gastroenterology Units, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ahmad Salhab
- Liver and Gastroenterology Units, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarit Doron
- Liver and Gastroenterology Units, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilles Morali
- Liver and Gastroenterology Units, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rifaat Safadi
- Liver and Gastroenterology Units, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Ding Q, Li Z, Liu B, Ling L, Tian X, Zhang C. Propranolol prevents liver cirrhosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation mediated by the PDGFR/Akt pathway. Hum Pathol 2018. [PMID: 29514109 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Propranolol is known to reduce portal pressure by decreasing blood flow to the splanchnic circulation and the liver. However, it is unknown if propranolol improves fibrogenesis and sinusoidal remodeling in the cirrhotic liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of propranolol on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in a mouse model and the intrinsic mechanisms underlying those effects. In this study, a hepatic cirrhosis mouse model was induced by CCl4 administration for 6 weeks. Propranolol was simultaneously administered orally in the experimental group. Liver tissue and blood samples were collected for histological and molecular analyses. LX-2 cells induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) were used to evaluate the anti-fibrogenic effect of propranolol in vitro. The results showed that treatment of mice with CCl4 induced hepatic fibrosis, as evidenced by inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition and abnormal vascular formation in the liver tissue. All these changes were significantly attenuated by propranolol treatment. Furthermore, we also found that propranolol inhibited PDGF-BB-induced hepatic stellate cell migration, fibrogenesis, and PDGFR/Akt phosphorylation. Taken together, propranolol might prevent CCl4-induced liver injury and fibrosis at least partially through inhibiting the PDGF-BB-induced PDGFR/Akt pathway. The anti-fibrogenic effect of propranolol may support its status as a first-line treatment in patients with chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Liping Ling
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Liver Diseases Prevention and Control, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangguo Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China.
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Luo H, Zhao F, Zhang F, Liu N. Influence of amygdalin on PDG, IGF and PDGFR expression in HSC-T6 cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3693-3698. [PMID: 29556259 PMCID: PMC5844102 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of amygdalin treatment on reducing liver fibrosis by investigating its role in regulating the expression level of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and PDGF receptor (PDGFR) in the hepatic stellate cell (HSC)-T6 line. HSC-T6 cells were used as an in vitro model and randomly assigned into four groups: control, high-dose amygdalin, mid-dose amygdalin and low-dose amygdalin. Following amygdalin treatment, compared with the control, a high dose of amygdalin significantly suppressed the mRNA expression of PDGF and IGF (each P<0.05), whereas moderate and low doses showed no significant effect, relatively low doses of amygdalin are not sufficient to transfer signals to its receptor. The high-dose amygdalin and low-dose amygdalin displayed suppressed protein expression of PDGF at 24, 48 and 72 h, with the high-dose group exhibiting the most marked suppression at all three time points. By reducing the transcription of PDGF and IGF mRNA and the expression of PDGF protein, amygdalin decreased the synthesis and release of PDGF and IGF, thereby reducing the influence of PDGF and IGF on HSCs, thus protecting the liver from fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ni Liu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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Nallagangula KS, Nagaraj SK, Venkataswamy L, Chandrappa M. Liver fibrosis: a compilation on the biomarkers status and their significance during disease progression. Future Sci OA 2018; 4:FSO250. [PMID: 29255622 PMCID: PMC5729599 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis occurs in response to different etiologies of chronic liver injury. Diagnosing degree of liver fibrosis is a crucial step in evaluation of severity of the disease. An invasive liver biopsy is the gold standard method associated with pain and complications. Biomarkers to detect liver fibrosis include direct markers of extracellular matrix turnover and indirect markers as a reflection of liver dysfunction. Although a single marker may not be useful for successful management, a mathematical equation combining tests might be effective. The main purpose of this review is to understand the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers and scoring systems for liver fibrosis. Advances in -omics approach have generated clinically significant biomarker candidates for liver fibrosis that need further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shashidhar Kurpad Nagaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, SDUAHER, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - Lakshmaiah Venkataswamy
- Department of Medicine, Sri Devaraj Urs MedicalCollege, SDUAHER, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India
| | - Muninarayana Chandrappa
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri DevarajUrs Medical College, SDUAHER, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India
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Immuno-biological comparison of hepatic stellate cells in a reverted and activated state. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 98:52-62. [PMID: 29245066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) demonstrated great immunological plasticity with important consequences for liver cell therapy. Activated HSCs (aHSCs) are in vitro reverted (rHSCs) to a quiescent-like phenotype with potential benefit to reduce liver fibrosis. The goal of this study is to establish and compare the immunological profile of activated and in vitro reverted HSCs and to investigate the impact of inflammatory priming on the immunobiology of both HSCs populations. The distribution of inflammatory primed activated and reverted HSCs across the different phases of the cell cycle is assessed by flow cytometry. In addition, Flow analysis was done to assess the expression level of neuronal, endothelial and stromal markers, cell adhesion molecules, human leucocyte antigens, co-stimulatory molecules, immunoregulatory molecules and natural killer ligands. Our results showed that the cell cycle distribution of both HSCs populations is significantly modulated by inflammation. Accordingly, activated HSC that were in G1 phase switch to S- and G2 phases when exposed to inflammation, while reverted HSCs mostly redistribute into sub-G0 phase. In a HSC state dependent manner, inflammatory priming modulated the expression of the stromal marker CD90, biological receptors (CD95 and CD200R), cell adhesion molecules (CD29, CD54, CD58, CD106 and CD166), human leucocyte antigen HLA-G, co-stimulatory molecules (CD40 and CD252), as well as the immunoregulatory molecules (CD200 and CD274). In conclusion, the immunologic profile of HSCs is significantly modulated by their activation state and inflammation and is important for the development of novel HSC liver cell-based therapy.
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Eulenberg VM, Lidbury JA. Hepatic Fibrosis in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:26-41. [PMID: 29194760 PMCID: PMC5787209 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is commonly diagnosed in dogs, often as a sequela to chronic hepatitis (CH). The development of fibrosis is a crucial event in the progression of hepatic disease that is of prognostic value. The pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis in human patients and rodent models has been studied extensively. Although less is known about this process in dogs, evidence suggests that fibrogenic mechanisms are similar between species and that activation of hepatic stellate cells is a key step. Diagnosis and staging of hepatic fibrosis in dogs requires histopathological examination of a liver biopsy specimen. However, performing a liver biopsy is invasive and assessment of fibrotic stage is complicated by the absence of a universally accepted staging scheme in veterinary medicine. Serum biomarkers that can discriminate among different fibrosis stages are used in human patients, but such markers must be more completely evaluated in dogs before clinical use. When successful treatment of its underlying cause is feasible, reversal of hepatic fibrosis has been shown to be possible in rodent models and human patients. Reversal of fibrosis has not been well documented in dogs, but successful treatment of CH is possible. In human medicine, better understanding of the pathomechanisms of hepatic fibrosis is leading to the development of novel treatment strategies. In time, these may be applied to dogs. This article comparatively reviews the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis, its diagnosis, and its treatment in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Eulenberg
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - J A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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