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Shi R, Liu X, Wang Y, Pan M, Wang S, Shi L, Ni B. Long-term stability and immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticle COVID-19 mRNA vaccine is affected by particle size. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2342592. [PMID: 38714327 PMCID: PMC11085994 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2342592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) technology has been rapidly applied for the development of the COVID-19 vaccine. However, naked mRNA itself is inherently unstable. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) protect mRNAs from extracellular ribonucleases and facilitate mRNA trafficking. For mRNA vaccines, antigen-presenting cells utilize LNPs through uptake to elicit antigen-specific immunity. There are reports on the impact of various physical characteristics of LNPs, particularly those with sizes less than 200 nm, especially 50 to 150 nm, on the overall stability and protective efficacy of mRNA vaccines. To address this, a single change in the size of LNPs using the same mRNA stock solution was assessed for the physicochemical characterization of the resulting mRNA-LNPs vaccine, along with the evaluation of their protective efficacy. Particles of smaller sizes generally disperse more effectively in solutions, with minimized occurrence of particle precipitation and aggregation. Here, we demonstrate that the vaccine containing 80-100 nm mRNA-LNPs showed the best stability and protection at 4°C and -20°C. Furthermore, we can conclude that freezing the vaccine at -20°C is more appropriate for maintaining stability over the long term. This effort is poised to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of ongoing mRNA vaccine endeavors and providing information on the development of novel products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimeng Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Xueli Liu
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Hebei Research Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Inspection, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Research and Development Department, CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Meilu Pan
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Hebei Research Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Inspection, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Shaoqin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Lin Shi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Hebei Research Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Inspection, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Beibei Ni
- Research and Development Department, CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, PR China
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2
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Chen C, Chen C, Cao L, Fang J, Xiao J. Comparative safety profile of bivalent and original COVID-19 mRNA vaccines regarding myocarditis/pericarditis: A pharmacovigilance study. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112022. [PMID: 38615382 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, which contain two different components, were authorized to provide protection against both the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 and the Omicron variant as a measure to address the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerns regarding the risk of myocarditis/pericarditis associated with bivalent vaccination have been raised due to the observed superior neutralizing antibody responses. This study aimed to investigate the risk of myocarditis/pericarditis following bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccination compared to monovalent vaccination. METHODS The CDC COVID Data Tracker and the Vaccines Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) were analyzed between December 13, 2020 to March 8, 2023. Reporting rates were determined by dividing the number of myocarditis/pericarditis cases by the total number of vaccine doses administered. Disproportionality patterns regarding myocarditis/pericarditis were evaluated for various COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations using reporting odds ratios (RORs). RESULTS The reporting rate for myocarditis/pericarditis following original monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccination was 6.91 (95 % confidence interval [95 %CI] 6.71-7.12) per million doses, while the reporting rate for bivalent vaccination was significantly lower (1.24, 95%CI 0.96-1.58). Disproportionality analysis revealed a higher reporting of myocarditis/pericarditis following original vaccination with a ROR of 2.21 (95 %CI 2.00-2.43), while bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccination was associated with fewer reports of myocarditis/pericarditis (ROR 0.57, 95 %CI 0.45-0.72). Sub-analyses based on symptoms, sex, age and manufacturer further supported these findings. CONCLUSION This population-based study provides evidence that bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccination is not associated with risk of myocarditis/pericarditis. These findings provide important insights into the safety profile of bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines and support their continued use as updated boosters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congqin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Longyan First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Longyan 364000, China
| | - Longxing Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China.
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3
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Lang X, Wang X, Han M, Guo Y. Nanoparticle-Mediated Synergistic Chemoimmunotherapy for Cancer Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4533-4568. [PMID: 38799699 PMCID: PMC11127654 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s455213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Until now, there has been a lack of effective strategies for cancer treatment. Immunotherapy has high potential in treating several cancers but its efficacy is limited as a monotherapy. Chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) holds promise to be widely used in cancer treatment. Therefore, identifying their involvement and potential synergy in CIT approaches is decisive. Nano-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) are ideal delivery systems because they can simultaneously target immune cells and cancer cells, promoting drug accumulation, and reducing the toxicity of the drug. In this review, we first introduce five current immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blocking (ICB), adoptive cell transfer therapy (ACT), cancer vaccines, oncolytic virus therapy (OVT) and cytokine therapy. Subsequently, the immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapy by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD), promoting tumor killer cell infiltration, down-regulating immunosuppressive cells, and inhibiting immune checkpoints have been described. Finally, the NDDSs-mediated collaborative drug delivery systems have been introduced in detail, and the development of NDDSs-mediated CIT nanoparticles has been prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Lang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meihua Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Bie Y, Zhang J, Chen J, Zhang Y, Huang M, Zhang L, Zhou X, Qiu Y. Design of antiviral AGO2-dependent short hairpin RNAs. Virol Sin 2024:S1995-820X(24)00069-5. [PMID: 38734183 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence and re-emergence of RNA virus outbreaks underlines the urgent need to develop effective antivirals. RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific gene silencing mechanism that is triggered by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), which exhibits significant promise for antiviral therapy. AGO2-dependent shRNA (agshRNA) generates a single-stranded guide RNA and presents significant advantages over traditional siRNA and shRNA. In this study, we applied a logistic regression algorithm to a previously published chemically siRNA efficacy dataset and built a machine learning-based model with high predictive power. Using this model, we designed siRNA sequences targeting diverse RNA viruses, including human enterovirus A71 (EV71), Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus 2 (DENV2), mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and transformed them into agshRNAs. We validated the performance of our agshRNA design by evaluating antiviral efficacies of agshRNAs in cells infected with different viruses. Using the agshRNA targeting EV71 as an example, we showed that the anti-EV71 effect of agshRNA was more potent compared with the corresponding siRNA and shRNA. Moreover, the antiviral effect of agshRNA is dependent on AGO2-processed guide RNA, which can load into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). We also confirmed the antiviral effect of agshRNA in vivo. Together, this work develops a novel antiviral strategy that combines machine learning-based algorithm with agshRNA design to custom design antiviral agshRNAs with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Bie
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jieling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jiyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Muhan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Leike Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Yang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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5
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Cheung YB, Ma X, Lam KF, Yung CF, Milligan P. Estimation of trajectory of protective efficacy in infectious disease prevention trials using recurrent event times. Stat Med 2024; 43:1759-1773. [PMID: 38396234 DOI: 10.1002/sim.10049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In studies of infectious disease prevention, the level of protective efficacy of medicinal products such as vaccines and prophylactic drugs tends to vary over time. Many products require administration of multiple doses at scheduled times, as opposed to one-off or continual intervention. Accurate information on the trajectory of the level of protective efficacy over time facilitates informed clinical recommendations and implementation strategies, for example, with respect to the timing of administration of the doses. Based on concepts from pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling, we propose a non-linear function for modeling the trajectory after each dose. The cumulative effect of multiple doses of the products is captured by an additive series of the function. The model has the advantages of parsimony and interpretability, while remaining flexible in capturing features of the trajectories. We incorporate this series into the Andersen-Gill model for analysis of recurrent event time data and compare it with alternative parametric and non-parametric functions. We use data on clinical malaria disease episodes from a trial of four doses of an anti-malarial drug combination for chemoprevention to illustrate, and evaluate the performance of the methods using simulation. The proposed method out-performed the alternatives in the analysis of real data in terms of Akaike and Bayesian Information Criterion. It also accurately captured the features of the protective efficacy trajectory such as the area under curve in simulations. The proposed method has strong potential to enhance the evaluation of disease prevention measures and improve their implementation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Bun Cheung
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Xiangmei Ma
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K F Lam
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chee Fu Yung
- Infectious Disease Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Medicine Department, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Milligan
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Miller ND, Goren Gepstein N, Cohen D, Haikin Herzberger E, Shalev Ram H, Mashiach Friedler J, Sharon Weiner M, Rahav R, Indenbaum V, Lustig Y, Wiser A. Does the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and its serum IgG levels affect fertility treatments and obstetric outcomes? An observational cohort study. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:81. [PMID: 38653875 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are some data regarding the COVID-19 vaccine and in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments, its potential impact in terms of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels has not been evaluated prospectively. This study aimed to assess the effect of COVID-19 vaccine and IgG levels on IVF outcomes. METHODS This observational, cohort study was conducted at a referral IVF unit. Couples undergoing IVF treatment during the COVID-19 vaccination period were recruited from March-April 2021. The study compared 38 women who had received the Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccination to 10 women who had not and were not infected by the virus. We also compared pre- and post-vaccination IVF treatments for 24 women. The relation between serologic titers and IVF treatment outcomes was also assessed. RESULTS No significant difference was found between the vaccinated and unvaccinated/uninfected groups regarding the main outcome measures. However, there was a trend toward a higher pregnancy rate for the unvaccinated group (57% vs. 23%, p = 0.078) but no difference in delivery rate (p = 0.236), gestational week (p = 0.537) or birth rate (p = 0.671). CONCLUSION We cautiously state that the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine does not affect fertility outcomes, including fertilization, pregnancy and delivery rates, obstetric outcomes, and semen parameters, regardless of measured IgG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netanella Danielli Miller
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, 4428164, Kfar Saba, Israel.
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Nitzan Goren Gepstein
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, 4428164, Kfar Saba, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dovev Cohen
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, 4428164, Kfar Saba, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Einat Haikin Herzberger
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, 4428164, Kfar Saba, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hila Shalev Ram
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, 4428164, Kfar Saba, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jordana Mashiach Friedler
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, 4428164, Kfar Saba, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Sharon Weiner
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, 4428164, Kfar Saba, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roni Rahav
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, 4428164, Kfar Saba, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Victoria Indenbaum
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Wiser
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, 4428164, Kfar Saba, Israel
- School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Homma K, Miura Y, Kobayashi M, Chintrakulchai W, Toyoda M, Ogi K, Michinishi J, Ohtake T, Honda Y, Nomoto T, Takemoto H, Nishiyama N. Fine tuning of the net charge alternation of polyzwitterion surfaced lipid nanoparticles to enhance cellular uptake and membrane fusion potential. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2338785. [PMID: 38646148 PMCID: PMC11028023 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2338785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) coated with functional and biocompatible polymers have been widely used as carriers to deliver oligonucleotide and messenger RNA therapeutics to treat diseases. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a representative material used for the surface coating, but the PEG surface-coated LNPs often have reduced cellular uptake efficiency and pharmacological activity. Here, we demonstrate the effect of pH-responsive ethylenediamine-based polycarboxybetaines with different molecular weights as an alternative structural component to PEG for the coating of LNPs. We found that appropriate tuning of the molecular weight around polycarboxybetaine-modified LNP, which incorporated small interfering RNA, could enhance the cellular uptake and membrane fusion potential in cancerous pH condition, thereby facilitating the gene silencing effect. This study demonstrates the importance of the design and molecular length of polymers on the LNP surface to provide effective drug delivery to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Homma
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Miura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wanphiwat Chintrakulchai
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Toyoda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Ogi
- I&S Department, Corporate R&D division, NOF CORPORATION, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junya Michinishi
- I&S Department, Corporate R&D division, NOF CORPORATION, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohtake
- I&S Department, Corporate R&D division, NOF CORPORATION, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuto Honda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nomoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Takemoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kanagawa, Japan
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8
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Mahroum N, Habra M, Alrifaai MA, Shoenfeld Y. Antiphospholipid syndrome in the era of COVID-19 - Two sides of a coin. Autoimmun Rev 2024:103543. [PMID: 38604461 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In addition to the respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19, the disease has consistently been linked to many autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematous and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). APS in particular was of paramount significance due to its devastating clinical sequela. In fact, the hypercoagulable state seen in patients with acute COVID-19 and the critical role of anticoagulant treatment in affected individuals shed light on the possible relatedness between APS and COVID-19. Moreover, the role of autoimmunity in the assumed association is not less important especially with the accumulated data available regarding the autoimmunity-triggering effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is furtherly strengthened at the time patients with COVID-19 manifested antiphospholipid antibodies of different types following infection. Additionally, the severe form of the APS spectrum, catastrophic APS (CAPS), was shown to have overlapping characteristics with severe COVID-19 such as cytokine storm and multi-organ failure. Interestingly, COVID vaccine-induced autoimmune phenomena described in the medical literature have pointed to an association with APS. Whether the antiphospholipid antibodies were present or de novo, COVID vaccine-induced vascular thrombosis in certain individuals necessitates further investigations regarding the possible mechanisms involved. In our current paper, we aimed to focus on the associations mentioned, their implications, importance, and consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Mahroum
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mona Habra
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for autoimmune diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel; Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
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9
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Meeraus W, Joy M, Ouwens M, Taylor KS, Venkatesan S, Dennis J, Tran TN, Dashtban A, Fan X, Williams R, Morris T, Carty L, Kar D, Hoang U, Feher M, Forbes A, Jamie G, Hinton W, Sanecka K, Byford R, Anand SN, Hobbs FDR, Clifton DA, Pollard AJ, Taylor S, de Lusignan S. AZD1222 effectiveness against severe COVID-19 in individuals with comorbidity or frailty: The RAVEN cohort study. J Infect 2024; 88:106129. [PMID: 38431156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite being prioritized during initial COVID-19 vaccine rollout, vulnerable individuals at high risk of severe COVID-19 (hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, or death) remain underrepresented in vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies. The RAVEN cohort study (NCT05047822) assessed AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCov-19) two-dose primary series VE in vulnerable populations. METHODS Using the Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Clinical Informatics Digital Hub, linked to secondary care, death registration, and COVID-19 datasets in England, COVID-19 outcomes in 2021 were compared in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals matched on age, sex, region, and multimorbidity. RESULTS Over 4.5 million AZD1222 recipients were matched (mean follow-up ∼5 months); 68% were ≥50 years, 57% had high multimorbidity. Overall, high VE against severe COVID-19 was demonstrated, with lower VE observed in vulnerable populations. VE against hospitalization was higher in the lowest multimorbidity quartile (91.1%; 95% CI: 90.1, 92.0) than the highest quartile (80.4%; 79.7, 81.1), and among individuals ≥65 years, higher in the 'fit' (86.2%; 84.5, 87.6) than the frailest (71.8%; 69.3, 74.2). VE against hospitalization was lowest in immunosuppressed individuals (64.6%; 60.7, 68.1). CONCLUSIONS Based on integrated and comprehensive UK health data, overall population-level VE with AZD1222 was high. VEs were notably lower in vulnerable groups, particularly the immunosuppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmine Meeraus
- Medical Evidence, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Joy
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mario Ouwens
- Medical & Payer Evidence Statistics, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kathryn S Taylor
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sudhir Venkatesan
- Medical & Payer Evidence Statistics, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Trung N Tran
- Biopharmaceutical Medicine Respiratory and Immunology, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Ashkan Dashtban
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xuejuan Fan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Williams
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tamsin Morris
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, London, UK
| | - Lucy Carty
- Medical & Payer Evidence Statistics, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Debasish Kar
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Uy Hoang
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Feher
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Forbes
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gavin Jamie
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - William Hinton
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kornelia Sanecka
- Medical Evidence, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rachel Byford
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sneha N Anand
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F D Richard Hobbs
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David A Clifton
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Sylvia Taylor
- Medical Evidence, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon de Lusignan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre, London, UK.
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10
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Horvath VJ, Békeffy M, Németh Z, Szelke E, Fazekas-Pongor V, Hajdu N, Svébis MM, Pintér J, Domján BA, Mészáros S, Körei AE, Kézdi Á, Kocsis I, Kristóf K, Kempler P, Rozgonyi F, Takács I, Tabák AG. The effect of COVID-19 vaccination status on all-cause mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Hungary during the delta wave of the pandemic. GeroScience 2024; 46:1881-1894. [PMID: 37755581 PMCID: PMC10828407 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is effectively reduced by vaccination. However, the effect of vaccination on mortality among hospitalised patients is under-researched. Thus, we investigated the effect of a full primary or an additional booster vaccination on in-hospital mortality among patients hospitalised with COVID-19 during the delta wave of the pandemic. This retrospective cohort included all patients (n = 430) admitted with COVID-19 at Semmelweis University Department of Medicine and Oncology in 01/OCT/2021-15/DEC/2021. Logistic regression models were built with COVID-19-associated in-hospital/30 day-mortality as outcome with hierarchical entry of predictors of vaccination, vaccination status, measures of disease severity, and chronic comorbidities. Deceased COVID-19 patients were older and presented more frequently with cardiac complications, chronic kidney disease, and active malignancy, as well as higher levels of inflammatory markers, serum creatinine, and lower albumin compared to surviving patients (all p < 0.05). However, the rates of vaccination were similar (52-55%) in both groups. Based on the fully adjusted model, there was a linear decrease of mortality from no/incomplete vaccination (ref) through full primary (OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.39-1.23) to booster vaccination (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.13-0.72, p = 0.006). Although unadjusted mortality was similar among vaccinated and unvaccinated patients, this was explained by differences in comorbidities and disease severity. In adjusted models, a full primary and especially a booster vaccination improved survival of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 during the delta wave of the pandemic. Our findings may improve the quality of patient provider discussions at the time of admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor J Horvath
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 2/a Korányi S. Str, 1083, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Magdolna Békeffy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 2/a Korányi S. Str, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Németh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 2/a Korányi S. Str, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese Szelke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 2/a Korányi S. Str, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vince Fazekas-Pongor
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Hajdu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 2/a Korányi S. Str, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk M Svébis
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 2/a Korányi S. Str, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Pintér
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 2/a Korányi S. Str, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beatrix A Domján
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 2/a Korányi S. Str, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Mészáros
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 2/a Korányi S. Str, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna E Körei
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 2/a Korányi S. Str, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Kézdi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 2/a Korányi S. Str, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Kocsis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Kristóf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Kempler
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 2/a Korányi S. Str, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Rozgonyi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Takács
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 2/a Korányi S. Str, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam G Tabák
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, 2/a Korányi S. Str, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- UCL Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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11
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Zou Y, Xu J, Chen AJ, Huang K, Zhu SM, Li JJ, He J, Li JZ, Xiong JX, Fan YK, Liu C, Pan Y, Wang P. Prevalence, outcomes and associated factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in psoriasis patients of Southwest China: a cross-sectional survey. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6331. [PMID: 38491005 PMCID: PMC10943245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54424-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study we aimed to investigate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in psoriasis patients, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated risk factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February 2023 to March 2023. Information was obtained with online questionnaire about psoriasis patients on demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes, vaccination, and routine protection against COVID-19. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore risk factors with SARS-CoV-2 infection and exacerbation of psoriasis. A total of 613 participants were recruited. 516 (84.2%) were infected, and associated factors were sex, working status, routine protection against COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccination, impaired nail, infection exacerbate psoriasis, and severity of psoriasis. Among the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, 30 (5.8%) required hospitalization, 122 (23.6%) had psoriasis exacerbation due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and associated factors were subtype of psoriasis, discontinuation of psoriasis treatment during SARS-CoV-2 infection, response following COVID-19 vaccination, and severity of psoriasis. Booster dose vaccination contributed a low probability of COVID-19 sequelae. COVID-19 vaccine's effectiveness was unsatisfactory, while booster dose vaccination reduced the occurrence of COVID-19 sequelae in psoriasis patients of Southwest China. Patients treated with psoriasis shown to be safe, without a higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19hospitalization compared to untreated patients. Stopping treatment during SARS-CoV-2 infection led to psoriasis exacerbation, so psoriasis treatment could be continued except severe adverse reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai-Jun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shou-Min Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital Affiliated of Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing University Qianjiang Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Dermatology, The People's Hospital of Kaizhou District, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Zhi Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Kun Fan
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Pan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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12
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Zhang H, Gao X, Sun Q, Dong X, Zhu Z, Yang C. Incorporation of poly(γ-glutamic acid) in lipid nanoparticles for enhanced mRNA delivery efficiency in vitro and in vivo. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:361-376. [PMID: 38342193 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapy shows immense potential for broad biomedical applications. However, the development of safe and efficacious mRNA delivery vectors remains challenging due to delivery barriers and inefficient intracellular payload release. Herein, we presented a simple strategy to boost the mRNA intracellular release by incorporation of anionic poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) into an ionizable lipid-based LNP/mRNA. We systematically investigated the impact of PGA incorporation on mRNA transfection both in vitro and in vivo. The molecular weights and formulation ratios of PGA greatly affected the transfection efficacy of LNP/mRNA. From in vitro study, the optimized LNP/mRNA/PGA was formulated by incorporation of PGA with the molecular weight of 80 kDa or 200 kDa and the charge ratio (N/P/C) of 25/1/1. The optimized formulation achieved around 3-fold mRNA expression in HeLa cells compared to the bare LNP/mRNA. The intracellular releasing study using specific DNA probe revealed that this enhancement of transfection efficacy was attributed to the elevated mRNA release into cytoplasm. Moreover, the optimized LNP/mRNA/PGA achieved up to 5-fold or 3-fold increase of luciferase mRNA expression in vivo after being injected into mice systematically or intramuscularly, respectively. In addition, the incorporation of PGA did not significantly alter the biodistribution profile of the complexes on both organ and cellular levels. Therefore, our work provides a simple strategy to boost mRNA delivery, which holds great promise to improve the efficacy of mRNA therapeutics for various biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The process of designing and screening potent mRNA carriers is complicated and time-consuming, while the efficacy is not always satisfying due to the delivery barriers and inefficient mRNA release. This work presented an alternative strategy to boost the mRNA delivery efficacy by incorporating an anionic natural polymer poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) into LNP/mRNA complexes. The optimized LNP/mRNA/PGA achieved up to 3-fold and 5-fold increase in transfection efficacy in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Intracellular releasing analysis revealed that the enhancement of transfection efficacy was mainly attributed to the elevated intracellular release of mRNA. In addition, the incorporation of PGA did not alter the biodistribution or the biosafety profile of the complexes. These findings indicate that PGA incorporation is a promising strategy to improve the efficacy of mRNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China
| | - Xiaoxue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China
| | - Zongwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China
| | - Chuanxu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China.
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13
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Dhayalan M, Wang W, Riyaz SUM, Dinesh RA, Shanmugam J, Irudayaraj SS, Stalin A, Giri J, Mallik S, Hu R. Advances in functional lipid nanoparticles: from drug delivery platforms to clinical applications. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:57. [PMID: 38298556 PMCID: PMC10825110 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since Doxil's first clinical approval in 1995, lipid nanoparticles have garnered great interest and shown exceptional therapeutic efficacy. It is clear from the licensure of two RNA treatments and the mRNA-COVID-19 vaccination that lipid nanoparticles have immense potential for delivering nucleic acids. The review begins with a list of lipid nanoparticle types, such as liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles. Then it moves on to the earliest lipid nanoparticle forms, outlining how lipid is used in a variety of industries and how it is used as a versatile nanocarrier platform. Lipid nanoparticles must then be functionally modified. Various approaches have been proposed for the synthesis of lipid nanoparticles, such as High-Pressure Homogenization (HPH), microemulsion methods, solvent-based emulsification techniques, solvent injection, phase reversal, and membrane contractors. High-pressure homogenization is the most commonly used method. All of the methods listed above follow four basic steps, as depicted in the flowchart below. Out of these four steps, the process of dispersing lipids in an aqueous medium to produce liposomes is the most unpredictable step. A short outline of the characterization of lipid nanoparticles follows discussions of applications for the trapping and transporting of various small molecules. It highlights the use of rapamycin-coated lipid nanoparticles in glioblastoma and how lipid nanoparticles function as a conjugator in the delivery of anticancer-targeting nucleic acids. High biocompatibility, ease of production, scalability, non-toxicity, and tailored distribution are just a meager of the enticing allowances of using lipid nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. Due to the present constraints in drug delivery, more research is required to utterly realize the potential of lipid nanoparticles for possible clinical and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Dhayalan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Saveetha University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077 India
- College of Public Health Sciences (CPHS), Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Wei Wang
- Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - S. U. Mohammed Riyaz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Saveetha University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077 India
- PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Islamiah College (Autonomous), Vaniyambadi, Tamil Nadu 635752 India
| | - Rakshi Anuja Dinesh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Jayashree Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | | | - Antony Stalin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
| | - Jayant Giri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India
| | - Saurav Mallik
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ruifeng Hu
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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14
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Gan J, Zhang H, Wu J, Liu Y, Liu P, Cheng R, Tang X, Yang L, Luo W, Li W. Effect of inactivated vaccine boosters against severe and critical COVID-19 during the Omicron BA.5 wave: A retrospective analysis of hospitalized patients in China. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29402. [PMID: 38380744 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Few real-world analyses of the ability of vaccines to protect against severe COVID-19 have been published. In this real-world study, we compared the prevalence of severe or critical COVID-19 between patients at our hospital who were not vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or who had been vaccinated partial, full, or booster course with the CoronaVac, containing inactivated virus propagated in Vero cells. Data from electronic health records were retrospectively analyzed for 4090 inpatients with COVID-19 who were treated at West China Hospital, Chengdu between December 6, 2022 and February 14, 2023. Clinicodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 severity were compared among patients who had been vaccinated 0, 1, 2 or more times with inactivated vaccine CoronaVac. To evaluate vaccine effectiveness over time, we plotted Kaplan-Meier curves with the percentage of patients with the outcome of severe or critical COVID-19 from the time of their last vaccine dose according to vaccination status. Ordinal logistic regression was used to assess associations between vaccination status and COVID-19 severity. Cox regression was used to identify risk factors for severe or critical COVID-19. Among the 4090 patients, 171 had been vaccinated partial and 423 twice with the full CoronaVac regimens, while 905 had been vaccinated three times (boosted). The prevalence of severe or critical COVID-19 among patients was 11 percentage points lower among those vaccinated (40%) at least twice than among those unvaccinated (51%) (p<0.001), while it was 10% points lower among those who had received a booster (41%) than among those unvaccinated (51%) (p<0.001). Protection against severe or critical COVID-19 due to vaccination was significantly weakened by being older than 65 years, being male, or having diabetes, chronic heart disease, autoimmune disease, or chronic lung disease. Completing a full course of immunization with inactivated vaccine CoronaVac against SARS-CoV-2 can reduce the risk of severe or critical COVID-19 due to the Omicron BA.5 subvariant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Gan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health, Center of Precision Medicine, The Research Units of West China, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huohuo Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health, Center of Precision Medicine, The Research Units of West China, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health, Center of Precision Medicine, The Research Units of West China, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health, Center of Precision Medicine, The Research Units of West China, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | | | - Ruixin Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health, Center of Precision Medicine, The Research Units of West China, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiumei Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health, Center of Precision Medicine, The Research Units of West China, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Health Management Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Linhui Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health, Center of Precision Medicine, The Research Units of West China, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health, Center of Precision Medicine, The Research Units of West China, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health, Center of Precision Medicine, The Research Units of West China, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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15
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Chan BCL, Li P, Tsang MSM, Sung JCC, Kwong KWY, Zheng T, Hon SSM, Lau CP, Ho RCY, Chen F, Lau CBS, Leung PC, Wong CK. Adjuvant activities of immunostimulating natural products: Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. and Coriolus versicolor in BNT162b2 vaccination against COVID-19 infection. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:177-189. [PMID: 37713617 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been developing all over the world for more than 3 years. In late 2020, several variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2 virus emerged, with increased viral fitness and transmissibility by mutations of the spike proteins of the viral particle, denting hopes of the use of early-generation vaccines for a widespread protective immunity against viral infection. The use of adjuvants may enhance the immune responses of the conventional application of the COVID-19 vaccine. We have shown that the water extract of 2 β-glucan-enriched immunostimulating natural products, Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM) and Coriolus versicolor (CV), could induce innate immunity-related cytokines from human monocytes (CCL5, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α) and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor α). Using BALB/c mice, orally administrated AM and CV (1,384 and 742 mg/kg/d) for 4 d after vaccination, respectively, could enhance (1) the immunoglobulin G binding activities of BNT162b2 vaccination against ancestral and Delta SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins by 5.8- and 4.3-fold, respectively; (2) the immunoglobulin G3 subclass production of BNT162b2 vaccination against ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins; and (3) the in vitro antibody-neutralizing activities of BNT162b2 vaccinated mice. In conclusion, combining AM and CV was effective in acting as an oral adjuvant with the messenger RNA vaccine BNT162b2 to improve the antigen binding activities against SARS-CoV-2 ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, probably via trained immunity of macrophages and dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Chung-Lap Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiting Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda Sin-Man Tsang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, 264 Plenty Rd, Mill Park VIC 3082, Victoria, Australia
| | - Johnny Chun-Chau Sung
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, 71-77 Yau Ma Hom Road, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keith Wai-Yeung Kwong
- Research Department, DreamTec Cytokines Limited, 71-77 Yau Ma Hom Road, Kwai Chung, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sharon Sze-Man Hon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching-Po Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald Chi-Yan Ho
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ma Liu Shui, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Kawai A, Tokunoh N, Kawahara E, Tamiya S, Okamura S, Ono C, Anindita J, Tanaka H, Akita H, Yamasaki S, Kunisawa J, Okamoto T, Matsuura Y, Hirai T, Yoshioka Y. Intranasal immunization with an RBD-hemagglutinin fusion protein harnesses preexisting immunity to enhance antigen-specific responses. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e166827. [PMID: 38038133 PMCID: PMC10688985 DOI: 10.1172/jci166827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intranasal vaccines are anticipated to be powerful tools for combating many infectious diseases, including SARS-CoV-2, because they induce not only systemic immunity but also mucosal immunity at the site of initial infection. However, they are generally inefficient in inducing an antigen-specific immune response without adjuvants. Here, we developed an adjuvant-free intranasal vaccine platform that utilizes the preexisting immunity induced by previous infection or vaccination to enhance vaccine effectiveness. We made RBD-HA, a fusion of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike derived from SARS-CoV-2 as a vaccine target with HA derived from influenza A virus (IAV) as a carrier protein. Intranasal immunization of previously IAV-infected mice with RBD-HA without an adjuvant elicited robust production of RBD-specific systemic IgG and mucosal IgA by utilizing both HA-specific preexisting IgG and CD4+ T cells. Consequently, the mice were efficiently protected from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, we demonstrated the high versatility of this intranasal vaccine platform by assessing various vaccine antigens and preexisting immunity associated with a variety of infectious diseases. The results of this study suggest the promising potential of this intranasal vaccine platform to address problems associated with intranasal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kawai
- Laboratory of Nano-Design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nagisa Tokunoh
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eigo Kawahara
- Laboratory of Nano-Design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Tamiya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shinya Okamura
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chikako Ono
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research and
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jessica Anindita
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research and
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, and
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research and
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research and
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiro Hirai
- Laboratory of Nano-Design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, and
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Nano-Design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research and
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, and
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Lomonosov K, Lomonosova A, Mindlina A, Polibin R, Antipov M, Grimm G. Impact of Vaccination on the Course and Outcome of COVID-19 in Patients with Multimorbidity. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1696. [PMID: 38006028 PMCID: PMC10674179 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most cost-effective method of preventing COVID-19; however, data on its effect on patients with multimorbidity is limited. The aim was to evaluate the effect of vaccination against new coronavirus infection (NCI) in patients with multimorbid pathology in hospital treatment on the outcome of COVID-19 disease. An analysis was carried out of 1832 records of patients in one of the COVID-19 hospitals in Moscow for 2020-2022. Statistical analysis was carried out using the StatTech v. 3.1.3 software, and the binary logistic regression (BLR) method was used to obtain prognostic models. The median age of patients was 69 years, and 76% of them had received two vaccine doses. To assess the outcome of the disease, two prognostic models were obtained depending on the presence of a multimorbidity in patients: cardiovascular pathology and/or atherosclerosis and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus (Model 1) or atherosclerosis and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or encephalopathy (Model 2), against the background of the presence or absence of vaccination against NCI. When assessing the outcome of NCI in Model 1, the odds of death decreased by 3.228 times with two doses of Sputnik V in patients with multimorbidity. According to Model 2, for patients with multimorbidity, the chances of death decreased by 3.281 times with two doses of Sputnik V. The presence of two doses of Sputnik V increased the likelihood of recovery in patients with multimorbidity by more than three times.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyona Lomonosova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (K.L.); (A.M.); (R.P.); (M.A.); (G.G.)
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18
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Bai C, Wang C, Lu Y. Novel Vectors and Administrations for mRNA Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303713. [PMID: 37475520 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
mRNA therapy has shown great potential in infectious disease vaccines, cancer immunotherapy, protein replacement therapy, gene editing, and other fields due to its central role in all life processes. However, mRNA is challenging to pass through the cell membrane due to its significant negative charges and degradation from RNase, so the key to mRNA therapy is efficient packaging and delivery of it with appropriate vectors. Presently researchers have developed various vectors such as viruses and liposomes, but these conventional vectors are now difficult to meet the growing requirement like safety, efficiency, and targeting, so many novel delivery vectors with unique advantages have emerged recently. This review mainly introduces two categories of novel vectors: biomacromolecules and inorganic nanoparticles, as well as two novel methods of control and administration based on these novel vectors: controlled-release administration and non-invasive administration. These novel delivery strategies have the advantages of high safety, biocompatibility, versatility, intelligence, and targeting. This paper analyzes the challenges faced by the field of mRNA delivery in depth, and discusses how to use the characteristics of novel vectors and administrations to solve these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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19
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Li Z, Amaya L, Pi R, Wang SK, Ranjan A, Waymouth RM, Blish CA, Chang HY, Wender PA. Charge-altering releasable transporters enhance mRNA delivery in vitro and exhibit in vivo tropism. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6983. [PMID: 37914693 PMCID: PMC10620205 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of more effective and selective mRNA delivery systems is required for the advancement of many emerging biomedical technologies including the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, immunotherapies for cancer and strategies for genome editing. While polymers and oligomers have served as promising mRNA delivery systems, their efficacy in hard-to-transfect cells such as primary T lymphocytes is often limited as is their cell and organ tropism. To address these problems, considerable attention has been placed on structural screening of various lipid and cation components of mRNA delivery systems. Here, we disclose a class of charge-altering releasable transporters (CARTs) that differ from previous CARTs based on their beta-amido carbonate backbone (bAC) and side chain spacing. These bAC-CARTs exhibit enhanced mRNA transfection in primary T lymphocytes in vitro and enhanced protein expression in vivo with highly selective spleen tropism, supporting their broader therapeutic use as effective polyanionic delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Laura Amaya
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ruoxi Pi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sean K Wang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alok Ranjan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Robert M Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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20
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Zhao Y, Gan L, Ke D, Chen Q, Fu Y. Mechanisms and research advances in mRNA antibody drug-mediated passive immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:693. [PMID: 37794448 PMCID: PMC10552228 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody technology is widely used in the fields of biomedical and clinical therapies. Nonetheless, the complex in vitro expression of recombinant proteins, long production cycles, and harsh storage conditions have limited their applications in medicine, especially in clinical therapies. Recently, this dilemma has been overcome to a certain extent by the development of mRNA delivery systems, in which antibody-encoding mRNAs are enclosed in nanomaterials and delivered to the body. On entering the cytoplasm, the mRNAs immediately bind to ribosomes and undergo translation and post-translational modifications. This process produces monoclonal or bispecific antibodies that act directly on the patient. Additionally, it eliminates the cumbersome process of in vitro protein expression and extends the half-life of short-lived proteins, which significantly reduces the cost and duration of antibody production. This review focuses on the benefits and drawbacks of mRNA antibodies compared with the traditional in vitro expressed antibodies. In addition, it elucidates the progress of mRNA antibodies in the prevention of infectious diseases and oncology therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Linchuan Gan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Dangjin Ke
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Yajuan Fu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
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21
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Miao J, Zhang JY, Liang J, Zhao FY, Song H, Xu WQ, Tang YM, Xu XJ, Shu Q. Efficacy of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pediatric hematology/oncology patients: a real-world study. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:1017-1021. [PMID: 37525069 PMCID: PMC10497423 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Miao
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ying Zhang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Liang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen-Ying Zhao
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Song
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Qun Xu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Min Tang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Xu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qiang Shu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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22
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Amruta A, Iannotta D, Cheetham SW, Lammers T, Wolfram J. Vasculature organotropism in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115054. [PMID: 37591370 PMCID: PMC10693934 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, there has been an exponential increase in the development of preclinical and clinical nanodelivery systems, and recently, an accelerating demand to deliver RNA and protein-based therapeutics. Organ-specific vasculature provides a promising intermediary for site-specific delivery of nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles to interstitial cells. Endothelial cells express organ-specific surface marker repertoires that can be used for targeted delivery. This article highlights organ-specific vasculature properties, nanodelivery strategies that exploit vasculature organotropism, and overlooked challenges and opportunities in targeting and simultaneously overcoming the endothelial barrier. Impediments in the clinical translation of vasculature organotropism in drug delivery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amruta
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dalila Iannotta
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Seth W Cheetham
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO-ABCD), 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joy Wolfram
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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23
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Osman K, Mundodan J, Chowdhury J, Ravi R, Baaboura R, Albuquerque J, Riaz B, Emran RY, Batoul K, Esameldin AM, Al Tabatabaee Z, Khogali H, Albayat S. Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA Vaccine Protection among Children and Adolescents Aged 12-17 Years against COVID-19 Infection in Qatar. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1522. [PMID: 37896926 PMCID: PMC10610824 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Qatar was also hit hard by the global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, with the original virus, Alpha variant, Beta variant, Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants, Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 variants, and Delta variant, sequentially. The two-dose primary series of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection has been approved for use in 30 µg formulations among children and adolescents aged 12-17 years as of 16 May 2021. This study aimed at estimating the effectiveness of the 30 µg BNT162b2 Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine against the pre-Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents aged 12-17 years residing in Qatar. A test-negative matched case-control study was conducted. The subjects included any child or adolescent aged 12-17 years who had been tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR tests performed on nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs, as part of contact tracing, between June and November 2021, and was eligible to receive the BNT162b2 vaccine as per the national guidelines. Data regarding 14,161 children/adolescents meeting inclusion-exclusion criteria were retrieved from the national Surveillance and Vaccine Electronic System (SAVES). Of the total, 3.1% (444) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. More than half (55.96%) were vaccinated with two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech-mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Amongst those immunized with two doses, 1.2% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, while 5.6% amongst the unvaccinated tested positive. The vaccine effectiveness was calculated to be 79%. Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine provides protection from COVID-19 infection for children/adolescents; hence, it is crucial to ensure they receive the recommended vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadieja Osman
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Jesha Mundodan
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Juel Chowdhury
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Rejoice Ravi
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Rekayahouda Baaboura
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Jeevan Albuquerque
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Bilal Riaz
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Reem Yusuf Emran
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Khatija Batoul
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Abdul Mahmood Esameldin
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Zinah Al Tabatabaee
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Hayat Khogali
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
| | - Soha Albayat
- National COVID-19 Track & Trace Team, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar; (K.O.); (J.C.); (R.R.); (R.B.); (J.A.); (B.R.); (R.Y.E.); (H.K.); (S.A.)
- Vaccination Section, Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
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24
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Caputo A, Caleo A, Cozzolino I, Zeppa P, Ciancia G, Ciliberti V. COVID-19 post-vaccination lymphadenopathy: A review of the use of fine needle aspiration cytology. Cytopathology 2023; 34:423-432. [PMID: 36807950 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine-associated clinical lymphadenopathy (C19-LAP) and subclinical lymphadenopathy (SLDI), which are mainly detected by 18F-FDG PET-CT, have been observed after the introduction of RNA-based vaccines during the pandemic. Lymph node (LN) fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been used to diagnose single cases or small series of SLDI and C19-LAP. In this review, clinical and LN-FNAC features of SLDI and C19-LAP are reported and compared to non-Covid (NC)-LAP. A search for studies on C19-LAP and SLDI histopathology and cytopathology was performed on PubMed and Google Scholar, on 11 January 2023. Reports on LN-FNAC of C19-LAP were retrieved. A total of 14 reports, plus one unpublished case of C19-LAP observed in our institution, diagnosed by LN-FNAC were included in a pooled analysis and compared to the corresponding histopathological reports. In total, 26 cases were included in this review, with a mean age of 50.5 years. Twenty-one lymphadenopathies assessed by LN-FNAC were diagnosed as benign, and three cases as atypical lymphoid hyperplasia; the latter were subsequently confirmed as benign (one by repetition of LN-FNAC, two by histological control). One case of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in a patient suffering from melanoma was reported as reactive granulomatous inflammation, while one unsuspected case was diagnosed as metastasis from melanoma. In all cases, the cytological diagnoses were confirmed by follow-up or excisional biopsy. The high diagnostic value of LN-FNAC in excluding malignant processes was extremely useful in this context and may be particularly valuable when CNB or histological excisions are difficult to perform, as was the case during Covid lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Caputo
- UOC di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, University of Salerno (IT), Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessia Caleo
- UOC di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, University of Salerno (IT), Salerno, Italy
| | - Immacolata Cozzolino
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples (IT), Naples, Italy
| | - Pio Zeppa
- UOC di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, University of Salerno (IT), Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciancia
- UOC di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, University of Salerno (IT), Salerno, Italy
| | - Valeria Ciliberti
- UOC di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, University of Salerno (IT), Salerno, Italy
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25
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Klebanoff SD, Rodda LB, Morishima C, Wener MH, Yuzefpolskiy Y, Bettelli E, Buckner JH, Speake C, Pepper M, Campbell DJ. Diminished responses to mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis on immune-modifying therapies. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168663. [PMID: 37338983 PMCID: PMC10445680 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that causes debilitating swelling and destruction of the joints. People with RA are treated with drugs that actively suppress one or more parts of their immune system, and these may alter the response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we analyzed blood samples from a cohort of patients with RA after receiving a 2-dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccine regimen. Our data show that individuals on the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4-Ig therapy abatacept had reduced levels of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies after vaccination. At the cellular level, these patients showed reduced activation and class switching of SARS-CoV-2-specific B cells, as well as reduced numbers and impaired helper cytokine production by SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells. Individuals on methotrexate showed similar but less severe defects in vaccine response, whereas individuals on the B cell-depleting therapy rituximab had a near-total loss of antibody production after vaccination. These data define a specific cellular phenotype associated with impaired response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with RA on different immune-modifying therapies and help inform efforts to improve vaccination strategies in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Klebanoff
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Immunology and
| | | | - Chihiro Morishima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark H. Wener
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Estelle Bettelli
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Immunology and
| | - Jane H. Buckner
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Immunology and
| | - Cate Speake
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Campbell
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Immunology and
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26
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Feng JL, Wang WJ, Jin PF, Zheng H, Jin LR, Xia X, Zhang XY, Li ZP, Li JX, Zhu FC. Comparison of antibody persistency through one year between one-dose and two-dose regimens of Ad5-nCoV vaccine for COVID-19. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2230760. [PMID: 37428653 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2230760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This post-hoc analysis compared the receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific and pseudovirus neutralizing antibodies against the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 strain elicited by one or two doses (56-d interval) of Ad5-nCoV vaccine regimen (NCT04341389 and NCT04566770). Both trials had low-dose and high-dose groups. Propensity score matching was used to adjust the baseline between one- and two-dose regimens. To predict the decrease in antibody titers 1 y after vaccination, half-lives of RBD-binding antibodies and pseudovirus neutralizing antibodies were computed. We obtained 34 and 29 pairs of participants in the low- and high-dose groups based on the propensity score matching. The two-dose regimen of Ad5-nCoV increased the peaking level of neutralizing antibodies compared to the one-dose regimen at day 28, but the responses of the neutralizing antibodies were not consistent with those of the RBD antibodies. Half-lives of the RBD-binding antibodies in the two-dose Ad5-nCoV regimen (202-209 days) were longer than those in the one-dose regimen (136-137 d); half-lives of the pseudovirus neutralizing antibody in the one-dose Ad5-nCoV regimen (177 d) were longer than those in the two-dose regimen (116-131 d). The predicted positive rates of RBD-binding antibodies in the one-dose regimen (34.1%-38.3%) would be lower than those in the two-dose Ad5-nCoV regimen (67.0%-84.0%), while the positive rates of pseudovirus neutralizing antibodies in the one-dose regimen (65.4%-66.7%) would be higher than those in the two-dose regimen (48.3%-58.0%). The two-dose Ad5-nCoV regimen with a 56-d interval had no effect on the persistence of neutralizing antibodies but slowed decay trend of RBD-binding antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lu Feng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Peng-Fei Jin
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Hui Zheng
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R China
| | - Lai-Run Jin
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R China
| | - Xin Xia
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Xiao-Yin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R China
| | - Zhuo-Pei Li
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Jing-Xin Li
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R China
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R China
- Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Feng-Cai Zhu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R China
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R China
- Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R China
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27
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Li F, Zhang XQ, Ho W, Tang M, Li Z, Bu L, Xu X. mRNA lipid nanoparticle-mediated pyroptosis sensitizes immunologically cold tumors to checkpoint immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4223. [PMID: 37454146 PMCID: PMC10349854 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Synergistically improving T-cell responsiveness is promising for favorable therapeutic outcomes in immunologically cold tumors, yet current treatments often fail to induce a cascade of cancer-immunity cycle for effective antitumor immunity. Gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis is a newly discovered mechanism in cancer immunotherapy; however, cleavage in the N terminus is required to activate pyroptosis. Here, we report a single-agent mRNA nanomedicine-based strategy that utilizes mRNA lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encoding only the N-terminus of gasdermin to trigger pyroptosis, eliciting robust antitumor immunity. In multiple female mouse models, we show that pyroptosis-triggering mRNA/LNPs turn cold tumors into hot ones and create a positive feedback loop to promote antitumor immunity. Additionally, mRNA/LNP-induced pyroptosis sensitizes tumors to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, facilitating tumor growth inhibition. Antitumor activity extends beyond the treated lesions and suppresses the growth of distant tumors. We implement a strategy for inducing potent antitumor immunity, enhancing immunotherapy responses in immunologically cold tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
- National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - William Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Maoping Tang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
- National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Lei Bu
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA.
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28
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Jiesisibieke ZL, Liu WY, Yang YP, Chien CW, Tung TH. Effectiveness and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccinations: An Umbrella Meta-Analysis. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605526. [PMID: 37485047 PMCID: PMC10361396 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This umbrella meta-analysis aims to provide comprehensive and synthesized evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccinations based on current studies. Methods: Studies from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE, published before 10 December 2021, were included in the analysis. The pooled results of effectiveness and safety were estimated and shown in forest plots. Results: We included nineteen studies (fifteen studies regarding safety and nine regarding effectiveness) in the analysis. The mRNA vaccines, adenovirus vector vaccines, subunit vaccines, and inactivated vaccines were found to be effective; however, mRNA vaccines, adenovirus vector vaccines and subunit vaccines were associated with local adverse events and systemic events when compared with inactivated vaccines. Conclusion: Our study suggested that till date, COVID-19 vaccination is still a preferred pharmaceutical way to control the widespread pandemic. However, all reported adverse events should be revisited to provide further evidence for mass vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Liduzi Jiesisibieke
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Yi Liu
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Health Policy Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Shanghai Bluecross Medical Science Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Pei Yang
- Department of Hematology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ching-Wen Chien
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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29
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Tassone P, Di Martino MT, Arbitrio M, Fiorillo L, Staropoli N, Ciliberto D, Cordua A, Scionti F, Bertucci B, Salvino A, Lopreiato M, Thunarf F, Cuomo O, Zito MC, De Fina MR, Brescia A, Gualtieri S, Riillo C, Manti F, Caracciolo D, Barbieri V, Di Paola ED, Di Francesco AE, Tagliaferri P. Safety and activity of the first-in-class locked nucleic acid (LNA) miR-221 selective inhibitor in refractory advanced cancer patients: a first-in-human, phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation study. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:68. [PMID: 37365583 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed a 13-mer locked nucleic acid (LNA) inhibitor of miR-221 (LNA-i-miR-221) with a full phosphorothioate (PS)-modified backbone. This agent downregulated miR-221, demonstrated anti-tumor activity against human xenografts in mice, and favorable toxicokinetics in rats and monkeys. Allometric interspecies scaling allowed us to define the first-in-class LNA-i-miR-221 safe starting dose for the clinical translation. METHODS In this first-in-human, open-label, dose-escalation phase 1 trial, we enrolled progressive cancer patients (aged ≥ 18 years) with ECOG 0-2 into 5 cohorts. The treatment cycle was based on a 30-min IV infusion of LNA-i-miR-221 on 4 consecutive days. Three patients within the first cohort were treated with 2 cycles (8 infusions), while 14 patients were treated with a single course (4 infusions); all patients were evaluated for phase 1 primary endpoint. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee and Regulatory Authorities (EudraCT 2017-002615-33). RESULTS Seventeen patients received the investigational treatment, and 16 were evaluable for response. LNA-i-miR-221 was well tolerated, with no grade 3-4 toxicity, and the MTD was not reached. We recorded stable disease (SD) in 8 (50.0%) patients and partial response (PR) in 1 (6.3%) colorectal cancer case (total SD + PR: 56.3%). Pharmacokinetics indicated non-linear drug concentration increase across the dose range. Pharmacodynamics demonstrated concentration-dependent downregulation of miR-221 and upregulation of its CDKN1B/p27 and PTEN canonical targets. Five mg/kg was defined as the recommended phase II dose. CONCLUSIONS The excellent safety profile, the promising bio-modulator, and the anti-tumor activity offer the rationale for further clinical investigation of LNA-i-miR-221 (ClinTrials.Gov: NCT04811898).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC), Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
- Phase 1 and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, AOU Renato Dulbecco, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC), Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
- Phase 1 and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, AOU Renato Dulbecco, Catanzaro, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, AOU Renato Dulbecco, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Phase 1 and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, AOU Renato Dulbecco, Catanzaro, Italy
- Institute of Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), Italian National Council (CNR), Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lucia Fiorillo
- Phase 1 and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, AOU Renato Dulbecco, Catanzaro, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, AOU Renato Dulbecco, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Staropoli
- Phase 1 and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, AOU Renato Dulbecco, Catanzaro, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, AOU Renato Dulbecco, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Ciliberto
- Phase 1 and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, AOU Renato Dulbecco, Catanzaro, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, AOU Renato Dulbecco, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Cordua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC), Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC), Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Angela Salvino
- Phase 1 and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, AOU Renato Dulbecco, Catanzaro, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, AOU Renato Dulbecco, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariangela Lopreiato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC), Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fredrik Thunarf
- Biometrics Department, LINK Medical Research AB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Onofrio Cuomo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC), Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Simona Gualtieri
- Phase 1 and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, AOU Renato Dulbecco, Catanzaro, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, AOU Renato Dulbecco, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Riillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC), Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC), Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vito Barbieri
- Medical Oncology Unit, AOU Renato Dulbecco, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eugenio Donato Di Paola
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Science of Health, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC), Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, AOU Renato Dulbecco, Catanzaro, Italy
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30
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Wang Y, Yang K, Zhou H. Immunogenic proteins and potential delivery platforms for mpox virus vaccine development: A rapid review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125515. [PMID: 37353117 PMCID: PMC10284459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Since May 2022, the mpox virus (MPXV) has spread worldwide and become a potential threat to global public health. Vaccines are important tools for preventing MPXV transmission and infection in the population. However, there are still no available potent and applicable vaccines specifically for MPXV. Herein, we highlight several potential vaccine targets for MPVX and emphasize potent immunogens, such as M1R, E8L, H3L, A29L, A35R, and B6R proteins. These proteins can be integrated into diverse vaccine platforms to elicit powerful B-cell and T-cell responses, thereby providing protective immunity against MPXV infection. Overall, research on the MPXV vaccine targets would provide valuable information for developing timely effective MPXV-specific vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Kaiwen Yang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, China.
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31
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Beaudoin-Bussières G, Tauzin A, Dionne K, Gendron-Lepage G, Medjahed H, Perreault J, Levade I, Alfadhli L, Bo Y, Bazin R, Côté M, Finzi A. A Recent SARS-CoV-2 Infection Enhances Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity against Several Omicron Subvariants following a Fourth mRNA Vaccine Dose. Viruses 2023; 15:1274. [PMID: 37376574 DOI: 10.3390/v15061274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, several variants of concern (VOCs), such as the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron variants, have arisen and spread worldwide. Today, the predominant circulating subvariants are sublineages of the Omicron variant, which have more than 30 mutations in their Spike glycoprotein compared to the ancestral strain. The Omicron subvariants were significantly less recognized and neutralized by antibodies from vaccinated individuals. This resulted in a surge in the number of infections, and booster shots were recommended to improve responses against these variants. While most studies mainly measured the neutralizing activity against variants, we and others previously reported that Fc-effector functions, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), play an important role in humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we analyzed Spike recognition and ADCC activity against several Omicron subvariants by generating cell lines expressing different Omicron subvariant Spikes. We tested these responses in a cohort of donors, who were recently infected or not, before and after a fourth dose of mRNA vaccine. We showed that ADCC activity is less affected than neutralization by the antigenic shift of the tested Omicron subvariant Spikes. Moreover, we found that individuals with a history of recent infection have higher antibody binding and ADCC activity against all Omicron subvariants than people who were not recently infected. With an increase in the number of reinfections, this study helps better understand Fc-effector responses in the context of hybrid immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Alexandra Tauzin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Katrina Dionne
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | | | - Josée Perreault
- Héma-Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec, QC G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Inès Levade
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3R5, Canada
| | - Laila Alfadhli
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Yuxia Bo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Renée Bazin
- Héma-Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec, QC G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Marceline Côté
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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32
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Zhang M, Wang Y, Zhang T, Zhou J, Deng Y, Wang L, Du Y. Status of and perspectives on COVID-19 vaccination after lifting of the dynamic zero-COVID policy in China. Glob Health Med 2023; 5:112-117. [PMID: 37128227 PMCID: PMC10130544 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2022.01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
On December 7, 2022, China's National Health Commission issued the Ten New Covid Rules lifting the dynamic zero-COVID policy. In the interim, vaccination campaigns continue to be promoted. We assessed the potential impacts on the status, perceptions, and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines via an online self-administered questionnaire. Among 1,170 participants, 1,142 (97.6%) participants were vaccinated against COVID-19, and 51.8% (591/1,142) have already received the booster. More than half of the participants who were vaccinated were ages 31 to 50 (51.8%). Participants believed the following strategies could improve the vaccination rate: timely feedback of the vaccination data (such as safety, efficacy, and other issues of public concern) from authoritative media (95.6%), increasing the number of vaccination sites and availability of vaccines and using more convenient methods of making appointment (95.2%), recommendations from friends and relatives (94.8%), and presenting the qualifications of the staff performing vaccination (89.1%). More measures, including targeted measures for different age groups and timely feedback on the vaccination data including safety and efficacy from authoritative media, are likely to help improve vaccination rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Address correspondence to:Yan Du, Clinical Research Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, No. 128 Shenyang Road, Shanghai 200090, China. E-mail:
| | - Yan Du
- Clinical Research Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Address correspondence to:Yan Du, Clinical Research Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, No. 128 Shenyang Road, Shanghai 200090, China. E-mail:
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33
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Tan TJC, Mou Z, Lei R, Ouyang WO, Yuan M, Song G, Andrabi R, Wilson IA, Kieffer C, Dai X, Matreyek KA, Wu NC. High-throughput identification of prefusion-stabilizing mutations in SARS-CoV-2 spike. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2003. [PMID: 37037866 PMCID: PMC10086000 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike is critical for the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. All COVID-19 vaccines in the US encode spike with K986P/V987P mutations to stabilize its prefusion conformation. However, contemporary methods on engineering prefusion-stabilized spike immunogens involve tedious experimental work and heavily rely on structural information. Here, we establish a systematic and unbiased method of identifying mutations that concomitantly improve expression and stabilize the prefusion conformation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike. Our method integrates a fluorescence-based fusion assay, mammalian cell display technology, and deep mutational scanning. As a proof-of-concept, we apply this method to a region in the S2 domain that includes the first heptad repeat and central helix. Our results reveal that besides K986P and V987P, several mutations simultaneously improve expression and significantly lower the fusogenicity of the spike. As prefusion stabilization is a common challenge for viral immunogen design, this work will help accelerate vaccine development against different viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J C Tan
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zongjun Mou
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ruipeng Lei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Wenhao O Ouyang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Meng Yuan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Raiees Andrabi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Collin Kieffer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Xinghong Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Kenneth A Matreyek
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Nicholas C Wu
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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34
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Gangavarapu K, Latif AA, Mullen JL, Alkuzweny M, Hufbauer E, Tsueng G, Haag E, Zeller M, Aceves CM, Zaiets K, Cano M, Zhou X, Qian Z, Sattler R, Matteson NL, Levy JI, Lee RTC, Freitas L, Maurer-Stroh S, Suchard MA, Wu C, Su AI, Andersen KG, Hughes LD. Outbreak.info genomic reports: scalable and dynamic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants and mutations. Nat Methods 2023; 20:512-522. [PMID: 36823332 PMCID: PMC10399614 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
In response to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, the global scientific community, through unprecedented effort, has sequenced and shared over 11 million genomes through GISAID, as of May 2022. This extraordinarily high sampling rate provides a unique opportunity to track the evolution of the virus in near real-time. Here, we present outbreak.info , a platform that currently tracks over 40 million combinations of Pango lineages and individual mutations, across over 7,000 locations, to provide insights for researchers, public health officials and the general public. We describe the interpretable visualizations available in our web application, the pipelines that enable the scalable ingestion of heterogeneous sources of SARS-CoV-2 variant data and the server infrastructure that enables widespread data dissemination via a high-performance API that can be accessed using an R package. We show how outbreak.info can be used for genomic surveillance and as a hypothesis-generation tool to understand the ongoing pandemic at varying geographic and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Gangavarapu
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Alaa Abdel Latif
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julia L Mullen
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Manar Alkuzweny
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Emory Hufbauer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ginger Tsueng
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily Haag
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark Zeller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christine M Aceves
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karina Zaiets
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marco Cano
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xinghua Zhou
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhongchao Qian
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Sattler
- Skaggs Graduate School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel L Matteson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joshua I Levy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raphael T C Lee
- GISAID Global Data Science Initiative, Munich, Germany
- Bioinformatics Institute & ID Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lucas Freitas
- GISAID Global Data Science Initiative, Munich, Germany
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- GISAID Global Data Science Initiative, Munich, Germany
- Bioinformatics Institute & ID Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marc A Suchard
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chunlei Wu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew I Su
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura D Hughes
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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35
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Baghban R, Ghasemian A, Mahmoodi S. Nucleic acid-based vaccine platforms against the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:150. [PMID: 36995507 PMCID: PMC10062302 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has infected 673,010,496 patients and caused the death of 6,854,959 cases globally until today. Enormous efforts have been made to develop fundamentally different COVID-19 vaccine platforms. Nucleic acid-based vaccines consisting of mRNA and DNA vaccines (third-generation vaccines) have been promising in terms of rapid and convenient production and efficient provocation of immune responses against the COVID-19. Several DNA-based (ZyCoV-D, INO-4800, AG0302-COVID19, and GX-19N) and mRNA-based (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and ARCoV) approved vaccine platforms have been utilized for the COVID-19 prevention. mRNA vaccines are at the forefront of all platforms for COVID-19 prevention. However, these vaccines have lower stability, while DNA vaccines are needed with higher doses to stimulate the immune responses. Intracellular delivery of nucleic acid-based vaccines and their adverse events needs further research. Considering re-emergence of the COVID-19 variants of concern, vaccine reassessment and the development of polyvalent vaccines, or pan-coronavirus strategies, is essential for effective infection prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayyeh Baghban
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Shirin Mahmoodi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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36
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Sannier G, Nicolas A, Dubé M, Marchitto L, Nayrac M, Tastet O, Chatterjee D, Tauzin A, Lima-Barbosa R, Laporte M, Cloutier R, Sreng Flores AM, Boutin M, Gong SY, Benlarbi M, Ding S, Bourassa C, Gendron-Lepage G, Medjahed H, Goyette G, Brassard N, Delgado GG, Niessl J, Gokool L, Morrisseau C, Arlotto P, Rios N, Tremblay C, Martel-Laferrière V, Prat A, Bélair J, Beaubien-Souligny W, Goupil R, Nadeau-Fredette AC, Lamarche C, Finzi A, Suri RS, Kaufmann DE. A third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose in people receiving hemodialysis overcomes B cell defects but elicits a skewed CD4 + T cell profile. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100955. [PMID: 36863335 PMCID: PMC9902290 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular immune defects associated with suboptimal responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccination in people receiving hemodialysis (HD) are poorly understood. We longitudinally analyze antibody, B cell, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell vaccine responses in 27 HD patients and 26 low-risk control individuals (CIs). The first two doses elicit weaker B cell and CD8+ T cell responses in HD than in CI, while CD4+ T cell responses are quantitatively similar. In HD, a third dose robustly boosts B cell responses, leads to convergent CD8+ T cell responses, and enhances comparatively more T helper (TH) immunity. Unsupervised clustering of single-cell features reveals phenotypic and functional shifts over time and between cohorts. The third dose attenuates some features of TH cells in HD (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα]/interleukin [IL]-2 skewing), while others (CCR6, CXCR6, programmed cell death protein 1 [PD-1], and HLA-DR overexpression) persist. Therefore, a third vaccine dose is critical to achieving robust multifaceted immunity in hemodialysis patients, although some distinct TH characteristics endure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérémy Sannier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Nicolas
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mathieu Dubé
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Lorie Marchitto
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Manon Nayrac
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Debashree Chatterjee
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alexandra Tauzin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | - Mélanie Laporte
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Rose Cloutier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Alina M Sreng Flores
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marianne Boutin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Shang Yu Gong
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Catherine Bourassa
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Gendron-Lepage
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Halima Medjahed
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Guillaume Goyette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Nathalie Brassard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Gloria-Gabrielle Delgado
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Julia Niessl
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Laurie Gokool
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Chantal Morrisseau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Pascale Arlotto
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Norka Rios
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3H 2L9, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Valérie Martel-Laferrière
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Justin Bélair
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - William Beaubien-Souligny
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Nephrology Division, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3X 3E4, Canada
| | - Rémi Goupil
- Centre de Recherche of the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Annie-Claire Nadeau-Fredette
- Nephrology Division, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3X 3E4, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Centre de Recherche of the Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Caroline Lamarche
- Nephrology Division, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3X 3E4, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Centre de Recherche of the Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Rita S Suri
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3H 2L9, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada.
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Lee DY, Kang DY, Kim E, Lee SJ, Baek JH, Lee JS, Park MY, Im JH. Adverse events of a third dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine among Korean healthcare workers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33236. [PMID: 36930126 PMCID: PMC10018524 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the urgency of controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines have been expeditiously approved and introduced in several countries without sufficient evaluation for adverse events. We analyzed adverse events among Korean healthcare workers who received all 3 doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. This survey was conducted among hospital workers of Inha University Hospital who had received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine for their first, second, third rounds, and using a diary card. The surveyed adverse events included local (redness, edema, and injection site pain) and systemic (fever, fatigue, headache, chill, myalgia, arthralgia, vomiting, diarrhea, pruritis, and urticaria) side effects and were divided into 5 grades (Grade 0 = none - Grade 4 = critical). Based on adverse events reported at least once after any of the 3 doses, the most common systemic adverse reactions were chills and headache (respectively, 62.6%, 62.4%), followed by myalgia (55.3%), arthralgia (53.4%), fatigue (51.6%), pruritus (38.1%), and fever (36.5%). The frequency and duration of adverse events were significantly greater in women (P < .05) than men. Except for redness, pruritus, urticaria, and most adverse reactions had a higher rate of occurrence after the third dose in subjects who also had reactions with the second dose. However, grade 4 adverse events did occur with the third dose in some patients, even if there were no side effects with the first and second doses. Adverse events experienced with the first and second doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in Korean healthcare workers increased the incidence of adverse events at the time of the third dose. On the other hand, grade 4 adverse events could still occur with the third dose even though there were no side effects with the first and second doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeop Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yoon Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Infection Control Unit, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Se-joo Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Baek
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Youn Park
- Department of Nursing, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Im
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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38
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Wang Z, Ma W, Fu X, Qi Y, Zhao Y, Zhang S. Development and applications of mRNA treatment based on lipid nanoparticles. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108130. [PMID: 36933868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapies such as messenger RNA have the potential to revolutionize modern medicine and enhance the performance of existing pharmaceuticals. The key challenges of mRNA-based therapies are delivering the mRNA safely and effectively to the target tissues and cells and controlling its release from the delivery vehicle. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been widely studied as drug carriers and are considered to be state-of-the-art technology for nucleic acid delivery. In this review, we begin by presenting the advantages and mechanisms of action of mRNA therapeutics. Then we discuss the design of LNP platforms based on ionizable lipids and the applications of mRNA-LNP vaccines for prevention of infectious diseases and for treatment of cancer and various genetic diseases. Finally, we describe the challenges and future prospects of mRNA-LNP therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Wanting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xingxing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
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39
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Pacheco-García U, Serafín-López J. Indirect Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 Live-Attenuated Vaccine and Its Contribution to Herd Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:655. [PMID: 36992239 PMCID: PMC10055900 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been 34 months since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, which causes the COVID-19 disease. In several countries, immunization has reached a proportion near what is required to reach herd immunity. Nevertheless, infections and re-infections have been observed even in vaccinated persons. That is because protection conferred by vaccines is not entirely effective against new virus variants. It is unknown how often booster vaccines will be necessary to maintain a good level of protective immunity. Furthermore, many individuals refuse vaccination, and in developing countries, a large proportion of the population has not yet been vaccinated. Some live-attenuated vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being developed. Here, we analyze the indirect dispersion of a live-attenuated virus from vaccinated individuals to their contacts and the contribution that this phenomenon could have to reaching Herd Immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursino Pacheco-García
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Jeanet Serafín-López
- Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico
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40
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Encephalitis following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030576. [PMID: 36992160 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Since the advent of global COVID-19 vaccination, several studies reported cases of encephalitis with its various subtypes following COVID-19 vaccinations. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review to investigate and characterize the clinical settings of these reported cases to aid in physician awareness and proper care provision. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus and manually searched Google Scholar. Studies published until October 2022 were included. Demographic data, clinical features, vaccine data, treatment lines, and outcomes were extracted. Results: A total of 65 patients from 52 studies were included. The mean age of patients was 46.82 ± 19.25 years, 36 cases (55.4%) were males. AstraZeneca was the most-reported vaccine associated with encephalitis (38.5%) followed by Pfizer (33.8%), Moderna (16.9%), and others. Moat encephalitis cases occurred after the first dose of vaccination in 41/65 (66.1%). The mean time between vaccination and symptom onset was 9.97 ± 7.16 days. Corticosteroids (86.2 %) and immunosuppressants (81.5 %) were the most used lines of treatment. The majority of affected individuals experienced a full recovery. Conclusion: Our study summarizes the current evidence of reported post-vaccination encephalitis, regarding clinical presentation, symptoms onset, management, outcomes, and comorbid conditions; however, it fails to either acknowledge the incidence of occurrence or establish a causal relationship between various COVID-19 vaccines and encephalitis.
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Milligan EC, Olstad K, Williams CA, Mallory M, Cano P, Cross KA, Munt JE, Garrido C, Lindesmith L, Watanabe J, Usachenko JL, Hopkins L, Immareddy R, Shaan Lakshmanappa Y, Elizaldi SR, Roh JW, Sammak RL, Pollard RE, Yee JL, Herbek S, Scobey T, Miehlke D, Fouda G, Ferrari G, Gao H, Shen X, Kozlowski PA, Montefiori D, Hudgens MG, Edwards DK, Carfi A, Corbett KS, Graham BS, Fox CB, Tomai M, Iyer SS, Baric R, Reader R, Dittmer DP, Van Rompay KKA, Permar SR, De Paris K. Infant rhesus macaques immunized against SARS-CoV-2 are protected against heterologous virus challenge 1 year later. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd6383. [PMID: 36454813 PMCID: PMC9765459 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add6383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration only gave emergency use authorization of the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for infants 6 months and older in June 2022. Yet questions regarding the durability of vaccine efficacy, especially against emerging variants, in this age group remain. We demonstrated previously that a two-dose regimen of stabilized prefusion Washington SARS-CoV-2 S-2P spike (S) protein encoded by mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNP) or purified S-2P mixed with 3M-052, a synthetic Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist, in a squalene emulsion (Protein+3M-052-SE) was safe and immunogenic in infant rhesus macaques. Here, we demonstrate that broadly neutralizing and spike-binding antibodies against variants of concern (VOCs), as well as T cell responses, persisted for 12 months. At 1 year, corresponding to human toddler age, we challenged vaccinated rhesus macaques and age-matched nonvaccinated controls intranasally and intratracheally with a high dose of heterologous SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta). Seven of eight control rhesus macaques exhibited severe interstitial pneumonia and high virus replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract. In contrast, vaccinated rhesus macaques had faster viral clearance with mild to no pneumonia. Neutralizing and binding antibody responses to the B.1.617.2 variant at the day of challenge correlated with lung pathology and reduced virus replication. Overall, the Protein+3M-052-SE vaccine provided superior protection to the mRNA-LNP vaccine, emphasizing opportunities for optimization of current vaccine platforms. The observed efficacy of both vaccines 1 year after vaccination supports the implementation of an early-life SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Milligan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Children's Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Katherine Olstad
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Caitlin A Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael Mallory
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Patricio Cano
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A Cross
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer E Munt
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Carolina Garrido
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lisa Lindesmith
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer Watanabe
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jodie L Usachenko
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lincoln Hopkins
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ramya Immareddy
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Sonny R Elizaldi
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jamin W Roh
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rebecca L Sammak
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rachel E Pollard
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - JoAnn L Yee
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Savannah Herbek
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Trevor Scobey
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dieter Miehlke
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Genevieve Fouda
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael G Hudgens
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | | | - Kizzmekia S Corbett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Christopher B Fox
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Mark Tomai
- 3M Corporate Research Materials Laboratory, Saint Paul, MN 55144, USA
| | - Smita S Iyer
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ralph Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rachel Reader
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dirk P Dittmer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Children's Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kristina De Paris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Children's Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Cheung YB, Ma X, Lam KF, Yung CF, Milligan P. Modelling non-linear patterns of time-varying intervention effects on recurrent events in infectious disease prevention studies. J Biopharm Stat 2023; 33:220-233. [PMID: 35946934 DOI: 10.1080/10543406.2022.2108826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Protective efficacy of vaccines and pharmaceutical products for prevention of infectious diseases usually vary over time. Information on the trajectory of the level of protection is valuable. We consider a parsimonious, non-linear and non-monotonic function for modelling time-varying intervention effects and compare it with several alternatives. The cumulative effects of multiple doses of intervention over time can be captured by an additive series of the function. We apply it to the Andersen-Gill model for analysis of recurrent time-to-event data. We re-analyze data from a trial of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria to illustrate and evaluate the method by simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Bun Cheung
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Xiangmei Ma
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - K F Lam
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, China
| | - Chee Fu Yung
- Infectious Disease Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Academic Medicine Department, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Paul Milligan
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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43
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Vaccines for the Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Older Adults. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2023; 37:27-45. [PMID: 36805013 PMCID: PMC9633624 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Institutionalized and community-dwelling older adults have been greatly impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with increased morbidity and mortality. The advent of vaccines and their widespread use in this population has brought about a dramatic turnaround in COVID-19 outcomes. The immunogenicity and effectiveness of the various vaccine options worldwide are discussed. Optimization of vaccine usage will still be important to maximize protection due to reduced initial immunity, development of variant strains, and fading of immunity over time. There are also lessons learned specific to older populations for future pandemics of novel pathogens.
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44
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Jiang X, Sparks J, Wallace Z, Deng X, Li H, Lu N, Xie D, Wang Y, Zeng C, Lei G, Wei J, Zhang Y. Risk of COVID-19 among unvaccinated and vaccinated patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a general population study. RMD Open 2023; 9:rmdopen-2022-002839. [PMID: 36889799 PMCID: PMC10008206 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its related severe sequelae between patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the general population according to COVID-19 vaccination status. METHODS We performed cohort studies using data from The Health Improvement Network to compare the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe sequelae between patients with SLE and the general population. Individuals aged 18-90 years with no previously documented SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. We estimated the incidence rates and HRs of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe sequelae between patients with SLE and the general population according to COVID-19 vaccination status using exposure score overlap weighted Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS We identified 3245 patients with SLE and 1 755 034 non-SLE individuals from the unvaccinated cohort. The rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalisation, COVID-19 death and combined severe outcomes per 1000 person-months were 10.95, 3.21, 1.16 and 3.86 among patients with SLE, and 8.50, 1.77, 0.53 and 2.18 among general population, respectively. The corresponding adjusted HRs were 1.28 (95% CI: 1.03 to 1.59), 1.82 (95% CI: 1.21 to 2.74), 2.16 (95% CI: 1.00 to 4.79) and 1.78 (95% CI: 1.21 to 2.61). However, no statistically significant differences were observed between vaccinated patients with SLE and vaccinated general population over 9 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION While unvaccinated patients with SLE were at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its severe sequelae than the general population, no such difference was observed among vaccinated population. The findings indicate that COVID-19 vaccination provides an adequate protection to most patients with SLE from COVID-19 breakthrough infection and its severe sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jeffrey Sparks
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary Wallace
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xinjia Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Lu
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dongxing Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yilun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guanghua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China .,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Mehdinezhad H, Karim B, Ahmadi N, Ahangar RM, Asadolahzadeh A, Haddad‐Zavareh MS, khoshkhou F, Qolami Z, Gorji NM, Delavar MA. Vaccination status and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Iran during the dominant Delta variant period. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e790. [PMID: 36840484 PMCID: PMC9950873 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the characteristics, vaccination status, and outcomes of confidence interval (COVID-19) patients, admitted to a tertiary hospital in Iran during the predominant severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant period. METHODS This retrospective study assessed the medical records of all hospitalized COVID-19 patients, who were admitted to a tertiary hospital from July 10 to September 15, 2021. Adjusted binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine factors associated with poor outcomes. RESULTS More than 25% of hospitalized patients received at least one vaccine dose of SARS-CoV-2. The Sinopharm BIBP vaccine (China) was the most commonly received vaccine (73.3%). After adjusting for age and comorbidities, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for poor outcomes was significantly lower in hospitalized patients who received Remdesivir compared to those not receiving Remdesivir (AOR: 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15, 0.78; p < .010). Besides, age ≥50 years (AOR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.38, 4.59; p < .003), low educational level (AOR: 3.99; 95% CI: 1.17, 13.53; p < .027), work outside in the past year (AOR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.00; p < .041), and diabetes mellitus (AOR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.66, 3.26; p = .011) were associated with more poor outcomes. CONCLUSION Based on the present results, the risk of mortality and the risk of poor outcomes were lower in patients who received Remdesivir compared to those not receiving Remdesivir. The number of vaccinated patients was smaller than the unvaccinated among hospitalized patients. It is important to emphasize that vaccination reduced the need for hospitalization and that only vaccinated patients with comorbidities required hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mehdinezhad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Rouhani HospitalBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Bardia Karim
- Department of Internal MedicineBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Niloufar Ahmadi
- Department of Internal MedicineBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Reza Mohseni Ahangar
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Rouhani HospitalBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Ali Asadolahzadeh
- Department of Internal MedicineBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Mahmoud Sadeghi Haddad‐Zavareh
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute Rouhani HospitalBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Fatemeh khoshkhou
- Department of Internal MedicineBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Zeynab Qolami
- Department of Internal MedicineBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Neda Mahdinezhad Gorji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
| | - Mouloud Agajani Delavar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolMazandaranIran
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Gurjar P, Karuvantevida N, Rzhepakovsky IV, Khan AA, Khandia R. A Synthetic Biology Approach for Vaccine Candidate Design against Delta Strain of SARS-CoV-2 Revealed Disruption of Favored Codon Pair as a Better Strategy over Using Rare Codons. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020487. [PMID: 36851364 PMCID: PMC9967482 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 delta variant (B.1.617.2) appeared for the first time in December 2020 and later spread worldwide. Currently available vaccines are not so efficacious in curbing the viral pathogenesis of the delta strain of COVID; therefore, the development of a safe and effective vaccine is required. In the present study, we envisaged molecular patterns in the structural genes' spike, nucleoprotein, membrane, and envelope of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. The study was based on determining compositional features, dinucleotide odds ratio, synonymous codon usage, positive and negative codon contexts, rare codons, and insight into relatedness between the human host isoacceptor tRNA and preferred codons from the structural genes. We found specific patterns, including a significant abundance of T nucleotide over all other three nucleotides. The underrepresentation of GpA, GpG, CpC, and CpG dinucleotides and the overrepresentation of TpT, ApA, CpT, and TpG were observed. A preference towards ACT- (Thr), AAT- (Asn), TTT- (Phe), and TTG- (Leu) initiated codons and aversion towards CGG (Arg), CCG (Pro), and CAC (His) was present in the structural genes of the delta strain. The interaction between the host tRNA pool and preferred codons of the envisaged structural genes revealed that the virus preferred the codons for those suboptimal numbers of isoacceptor tRNA were present. We see this as a strategy adapted by the virus to keep the translation rate low to facilitate the correct folding of viral proteins. The information generated in the study helps design the attenuated vaccine candidate against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant using a synthetic biology approach. Three strategies were tested: changing TpT to TpA, introducing rare codons, and disrupting favored codons. It found that disrupting favored codons is a better approach to reducing virus fitness and attenuating SARS-CoV-2 delta strain using structural genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Gurjar
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Noushad Karuvantevida
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.K.); or (R.K.)
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah Universty, Bhopal 462026, India
- Correspondence: (A.A.K.); or (R.K.)
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Li Q, Peng JC, Mohan D, Lake B, Euler AR, Weir B, Kan L, Yang C, Labrique A. Using Location Intelligence to Evaluate the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign in the United States: Spatiotemporal Big Data Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e39166. [PMID: 36626835 PMCID: PMC9937108 DOI: 10.2196/39166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly effective COVID-19 vaccines are available and free of charge in the United States. With adequate coverage, their use may help return life back to normal and reduce COVID-19-related hospitalization and death. Many barriers to widespread inoculation have prevented herd immunity, including vaccine hesitancy, lack of vaccine knowledge, and misinformation. The Ad Council and COVID Collaborative have been conducting one of the largest nationwide targeted campaigns ("It's Up to You") to communicate vaccine information and encourage timely vaccination across the United States. More than 300 major brands, digital and print media companies, and community-based organizations support the campaigns to reach distinct audiences. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to use aggregated mobility data to assess the effectiveness of the campaign on COVID-19 vaccine uptake. METHODS Campaign exposure data were collected from the Cuebiq advertising impact measurement platform consisting of about 17 million opted-in and deidentified mobile devices across the country. A Bayesian spatiotemporal hierarchical model was developed to assess campaign effectiveness through estimating the association between county-level campaign exposure and vaccination rates reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. To minimize potential bias in exposure to the campaign, the model included several control variables (eg, age, race or ethnicity, income, and political affiliation). We also incorporated conditional autoregressive residual models to account for apparent spatiotemporal autocorrelation. RESULTS The data set covers a panel of 3104 counties from 48 states and the District of Columbia during a period of 22 weeks (March 29 to August 29, 2021). Officially launched in February 2021, the campaign reached about 3% of the anonymous devices on the Cuebiq platform by the end of March, which was the start of the study period. That exposure rate gradually declined to slightly above 1% in August 2021, effectively ending the study period. Results from the Bayesian hierarchical model indicate a statistically significant positive association between campaign exposure and vaccine uptake at the county level. A campaign that reaches everyone would boost the vaccination rate by 2.2% (95% uncertainty interval: 2.0%-2.4%) on a weekly basis, compared to the baseline case of no campaign. CONCLUSIONS The "It's Up to You" campaign is effective in promoting COVID-19 vaccine uptake, suggesting that a nationwide targeted mass media campaign with multisectoral collaborations could be an impactful health communication strategy to improve progress against this and future pandemics. Methodologically, the results also show that location intelligence and mobile phone-based monitoring platforms can be effective in measuring impact of large-scale digital campaigns in near real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Li
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - James Cheng Peng
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Diwakar Mohan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brennan Lake
- Cuebiq - Intelligence in Action, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alex Ruiz Euler
- Cuebiq - Intelligence in Action, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brian Weir
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lena Kan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cui Yang
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alain Labrique
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Miyazaki H, Watanabe D, Ito Y, Okamoto N, Tokunaga E, Ku Y, Ooi M, Hoshi N, Kodama Y. Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Japan. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:564-570. [PMID: 36178566 PMCID: PMC9523646 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are recommended to receive the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. However, a recent survey showed that patients with IBD are more hesitant to receive the vaccine than the general population. Detailed information on the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine is necessary to encourage vaccination among patients with IBD. AIM To investigate the frequency of side effects following COVID-19 vaccination in patients with IBD in Japan. STUDY DESIGN a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire administered to adult patients with IBD in a tertiary medical facility. RESULTS Among the participants who answered the questionnaire, 92.6%, 91.5%, and 41.5% of the participants had received their first, second, and third doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, respectively. Of the vaccinated participants, 88.3%, 86.3%, and 89.0% experienced side effects after receiving the first, second, and third doses of the vaccine, respectively. The incidences of fever, chills, and headaches were significantly higher among female participants than among male participants (p < 0.05). However, the frequencies of most side effects were comparable between the BNT162b2 mRNA and mRNA-1273 vaccines. CONCLUSION The findings of our survey can help encourage patients with IBD to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Miyazaki
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Daisuke Watanabe
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ito
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Norihiro Okamoto
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Eri Tokunaga
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yuna Ku
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Makoto Ooi
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Namiko Hoshi
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki cho, Chuo ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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Sakai M, Takao K, Mizuno M, Ando H, Kawashima Y, Kato T, Kubota S, Hirose T, Hirota T, Horikawa Y, Yabe D. Two cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) after administration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep 2023:rxad008. [PMID: 36715089 DOI: 10.1093/mrcr/rxad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although there is great demand for increased COVID-19 vaccination worldwide, rare side effects of the vaccines in susceptible individuals are attracting attention. We recently treated two patients who developed SLE after administration of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine from Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna. While causal relationships between vaccination and adverse events are difficult to discern due to both confounding and masking factors, our findings suggest that attention to possible adjuvant-related autoimmune diseases in certain individuals receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Sakai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ken Takao
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masami Mizuno
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hironori Ando
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yui Kawashima
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kato
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Saki Kubota
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tokuyuki Hirose
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuo Hirota
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukio Horikawa
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan
- Center for Healthcare Information Technology, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Nagoya, Japan
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50
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Tong J, Zhang J, Zhu N, Pei Y, Liu W, Yu W, Hu C, Sun X. Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among frontline healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1096857. [PMID: 36778177 PMCID: PMC9912473 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1096857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As some countries announced to remove Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) border, it indicates that the COVID-19 may have entered its terminal stage. In this COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health of frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) experienced unprecedented challenges. However, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among frontline HCWs lacks a high-quality and long-term systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. The system searches EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, ScienceNet, and ERIC. Analyze the mental health problems of frontline HCWs in different regions and periods, including insomnia, stress, anxiety and depression. This study was registered in PROSPERO under the number CRD42021253821. Results A total of 19 studies on the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among frontline HCWs were included in this study. The overall prevalence of insomnia was 42.9% (95% CI, 33.9-51.9%, I 2 = 99.0%) extracted from data from 14 cross-sectional studies (n = 10 127), 1 cohort study (n = 4,804), and 1 randomized controlled trial (RCT; n = 482) in 10 countries. The overall prevalence of stress was 53.0% (95% CI, 41.1-64.9%, I 2 = 78.3%) extracted from data from nine cross-sectional studies (n = 5,494) and 1 RCT study (n = 482) from eight countries. The overall prevalence of anxiety and depression was 43.0% (95% CI, 33.8-52.3%, I 2 = 99.0%) and 44.6% (95% CI, 36.1-53.1%, I 2 = 99.0%) extracted from data from 17 cross-sectional studies (n = 11,727), one cohort study (n = 4,804), and one RCT study (n = 482) from 12 countries. The prevalence of stress and depression was higher in 2020, while the prevalence of insomnia and anxiety was higher in 2021. The prevalence of mental health problems among physicians was higher than that of other frontline HCWs. The prevalence of mental health problems among frontline HCWs is higher in South America and lower in North America. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the COVID-19 pandemic have significant effects on mental health among frontline HCWs. The overall prevalence of insomnia, stress, anxiety and depression among frontline HCWs is high. Therefore, the health policy-makers should pay attention to and respond to the mental health problems of frontline HCWs in the context of public health emergencies. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chengping Hu
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xirong Sun
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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