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Huo Z, Zhu X, Peng Q, Chen C, Yang X, Huang C, Xiang Y, Tian Q, Liu J, Liu C, Zhang P. LINC08148 promotes the caveola-mediated endocytosis of Zika virus through upregulating transcription of Src. J Virol 2024:e0170523. [PMID: 38742902 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01705-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a new group of host factors involved in viral infection. Current study identified an intergenic lncRNA, LINC08148, as a proviral factor of Zika virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus 2 (DENV2). Knockout (KO) or silencing of LINC08148 decreases the replication of ZIKV and DENV2. LINC08148 mainly acts at the endocytosis step of ZIKV but at a later stage of DENV2. RNA-seq analysis reveals that LINC08148 knockout downregulates the transcription levels of five endocytosis-related genes including AP2B1, CHMP4C, DNM1, FCHO1, and Src. Among them, loss of Src significantly decreases the uptake of ZIKV. Trans-complementation of Src in the LINC08148KO cells largely restores the caveola-mediated endocytosis of ZIKV, indicating that the proviral effect of LINC08148 is exerted through Src. Finally, LINC08148 upregulates the Src transcription through associating with its transcription factor SP1. This work establishes an essential role of LINC08148 in the ZIKV entry, underscoring a significance of lncRNAs in the viral infection. IMPORTANCE Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), like proteins, participate in viral infection. However, functions of most lncRNAs remain unknown. In this study, we performed a functional screen based on microarray data and identified a new proviral lncRNA, LINC08148. Then, we uncovered that LINC08148 is involved in the caveola-mediated endocytosis of ZIKV, rather than the classical clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Mechanistically, LINC08148 upregulates the transcription of Src, an initiator of caveola-mediated endocytosis, through binding to its transcription factor SP1. This study identifies a new lncRNA involved in the ZIKV infection, suggesting lncRNAs and cellular proteins are closely linked and cooperate to regulate viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Huo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cancan Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changbai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yincheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingju Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Food and Cosmetics Institute, Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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da Silva RAG, Stocks CJ, Hu G, Kline KA, Chen J. Bosutinib Stimulates Macrophage Survival, Phagocytosis, and Intracellular Killing of Bacteria. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1725-1738. [PMID: 38602352 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Host-acting compounds are emerging as potential alternatives to combating antibiotic resistance. Here, we show that bosutinib, an FDA-approved chemotherapeutic for treating chronic myelogenous leukemia, does not possess any antibiotic activity but enhances macrophage responses to bacterial infection. In vitro, bosutinib stimulates murine and human macrophages to kill bacteria more effectively. In a murine wound infection with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, a single intraperitoneal bosutinib injection or multiple topical applications on the wound reduce the bacterial load by approximately 10-fold, which is abolished by macrophage depletion. Mechanistically, bosutinib stimulates macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria by upregulating surface expression of bacterial uptake markers Dectin-1 and CD14 and promoting actin remodeling. Bosutinib also stimulates bacterial killing by elevating the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, bosutinib drives NF-κB activation, which protects infected macrophages from dying. Other Src kinase inhibitors such as DMAT and tirbanibulin also upregulate expression of bacterial uptake markers in macrophages and enhance intracellular bacterial killing. Finally, cotreatment with bosutinib and mitoxantrone, another chemotherapeutic in clinical use, results in an additive effect on bacterial clearance in vitro and in vivo. These results show that bosutinib stimulates macrophage clearance of bacterial infections through multiple mechanisms and could be used to boost the host innate immunity to combat drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronni A G da Silva
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, 138602 Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Claudia J Stocks
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Guangan Hu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly A Kline
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, 138602 Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva1211, Switzerland
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, 138602 Singapore
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Bourgeois NM, Wei L, Ho NNT, Neal ML, Seferos D, Tongogara T, Mast FD, Aitchison JD, Kaushansky A. Multiple receptor tyrosine kinases regulate dengue infection of hepatocytes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1264525. [PMID: 38585651 PMCID: PMC10995305 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1264525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dengue is an arboviral disease causing severe illness in over 500,000 people each year. Currently, there is no way to constrain dengue in the clinic. Host kinase regulators of dengue virus (DENV) infection have the potential to be disrupted by existing therapeutics to prevent infection and/or disease progression. Methods To evaluate kinase regulation of DENV infection, we performed kinase regression (KiR), a machine learning approach that predicts kinase regulators of infection using existing drug-target information and a small drug screen. We infected hepatocytes with DENV in vitro in the presence of a panel of 38 kinase inhibitors then quantified the effect of each inhibitor on infection rate. We employed elastic net regularization on these data to obtain predictions of which of 291 kinases are regulating DENV infection. Results Thirty-six kinases were predicted to have a functional role. Intriguingly, seven of the predicted kinases - EPH receptor A4 (EPHA4), EPH receptor B3 (EPHB3), EPH receptor B4 (EPHB4), erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2), fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), Insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and ret proto-oncogene (RET) - belong to the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, which are already therapeutic targets in the clinic. We demonstrate that predicted RTKs are expressed at higher levels in DENV infected cells. Knockdown of EPHB4, ERBB2, FGFR2, or IGF1R reduces DENV infection in hepatocytes. Finally, we observe differential temporal induction of ERBB2 and IGF1R following DENV infection, highlighting their unique roles in regulating DENV. Discussion Collectively, our findings underscore the significance of multiple RTKs in DENV infection and advocate further exploration of RTK-oriented interventions against dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M. Bourgeois
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ling Wei
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nhi N. T. Ho
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Maxwell L. Neal
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Denali Seferos
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tinotenda Tongogara
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Fred D. Mast
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - John D. Aitchison
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Kushwaha ND, Mohan J, Kushwaha B, Ghazi T, Nwabuife JC, Koorbanally N, Chuturgoon AA. A comprehensive review on the global efforts on vaccines and repurposed drugs for combating COVID-19. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115719. [PMID: 37597435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The recently discovered coronavirus, known as SARS-CoV-2, is a highly contagious and potentially lethal viral infection that was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Since the beginning of the pandemic, an unprecedented number of COVID-19 vaccine candidates have been investigated for their potential to manage the pandemic. Herein, we reviewed vaccine development and the associated research effort, both traditional and forward-looking, to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of their technology, in addition to their efficacy limitations against mutant SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, we report repurposed drug discovery, which mainly focuses on virus-based and host-based targets, as well as their inhibitors. SARS-CoV-2 targets include the main protease (Mpro), and RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp), which are the most well-studied and conserved across coronaviruses, enabling the development of broad-spectrum inhibitors of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narva Deshwar Kushwaha
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Jivanka Mohan
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Babita Kushwaha
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Terisha Ghazi
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Joshua C Nwabuife
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Neil Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Roa-Linares VC, Escudero-Flórez M, Vicente-Manzanares M, Gallego-Gómez JC. Host Cell Targets for Unconventional Antivirals against RNA Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030776. [PMID: 36992484 PMCID: PMC10058429 DOI: 10.3390/v15030776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the importance of RNA-based viruses. The most prominent members of this group are SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus), HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), EBOV (Ebola virus), DENV (dengue virus), HCV (hepatitis C virus), ZIKV (Zika virus), CHIKV (chikungunya virus), and influenza A virus. With the exception of retroviruses which produce reverse transcriptase, the majority of RNA viruses encode RNA-dependent RNA polymerases which do not include molecular proofreading tools, underlying the high mutation capacity of these viruses as they multiply in the host cells. Together with their ability to manipulate the immune system of the host in different ways, their high mutation frequency poses a challenge to develop effective and durable vaccination and/or treatments. Consequently, the use of antiviral targeting agents, while an important part of the therapeutic strategy against infection, may lead to the selection of drug-resistant variants. The crucial role of the host cell replicative and processing machinery is essential for the replicative cycle of the viruses and has driven attention to the potential use of drugs directed to the host machinery as therapeutic alternatives to treat viral infections. In this review, we discuss small molecules with antiviral effects that target cellular factors in different steps of the infectious cycle of many RNA viruses. We emphasize the repurposing of FDA-approved drugs with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Finally, we postulate that the ferruginol analog (18-(phthalimide-2-yl) ferruginol) is a potential host-targeted antiviral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky C Roa-Linares
- Molecular and Translation Medicine Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Manuela Escudero-Flórez
- Molecular and Translation Medicine Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan C Gallego-Gómez
- Molecular and Translation Medicine Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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6
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Lee MF, Wu YS, Poh CL. Molecular Mechanisms of Antiviral Agents against Dengue Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030705. [PMID: 36992414 PMCID: PMC10056858 DOI: 10.3390/v15030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a major global health threat causing 390 million dengue infections and 25,000 deaths annually. The lack of efficacy of the licensed Dengvaxia vaccine and the absence of a clinically approved antiviral against dengue virus (DENV) drive the urgent demand for the development of novel anti-DENV therapeutics. Various antiviral agents have been developed and investigated for their anti-DENV activities. This review discusses the mechanisms of action employed by various antiviral agents against DENV. The development of host-directed antivirals targeting host receptors and direct-acting antivirals targeting DENV structural and non-structural proteins are reviewed. In addition, the development of antivirals that target different stages during post-infection such as viral replication, viral maturation, and viral assembly are reviewed. Antiviral agents designed based on these molecular mechanisms of action could lead to the discovery and development of novel anti-DENV therapeutics for the treatment of dengue infections. Evaluations of combinations of antiviral drugs with different mechanisms of action could also lead to the development of synergistic drug combinations for the treatment of dengue at any stage of the infection.
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7
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Sharma A, Krishna S, Sowdhamini R. Bioinformatics Analysis of Mutations Sheds Light on the Evolution of Dengue NS1 Protein With Implications in the Identification of Potential Functional and Druggable Sites. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:7043264. [PMID: 36795614 PMCID: PMC9989740 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-structural protein (NS1) is a 350 amino acid long conserved protein in the dengue virus. Conservation of NS1 is expected due to its importance in dengue pathogenesis. The protein is known to exist in dimeric and hexameric states. The dimeric state is involved in its interaction with host proteins and viral replication, and the hexameric state is involved in viral invasion. In this work, we performed extensive structure and sequence analysis of NS1 protein, and uncovered the role of NS1 quaternary states in its evolution. A three-dimensional modeling of unresolved loop regions in NS1 structure is performed. "Conserved" and "Variable" regions within NS1 protein were identified from sequences obtained from patient samples and the role of compensatory mutations in selecting destabilizing mutations were identified. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to extensively study the effect of a few mutations on NS1 structure stability and compensatory mutations. Virtual saturation mutagenesis, predicting the effect of every individual amino acid substitution on NS1 stability sequentially, revealed virtual-conserved and variable sites. The increase in number of observed and virtual-conserved regions across NS1 quaternary states suggest the role of higher order structure formation in its evolutionary conservation. Our sequence and structure analysis could enable in identifying possible protein-protein interfaces and druggable sites. Virtual screening of nearly 10,000 small molecules, including FDA-approved drugs, permitted us to recognize six drug-like molecules targeting the dimeric sites. These molecules could be promising due to their stable interactions with NS1 throughout the simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sharma
- National Centre for Biological Science, TIFR, Bangalore, India
| | - Sudhir Krishna
- National Centre for Biological Science, TIFR, Bangalore, India.,Department of School of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Pond-403401, Goa, India
| | - Ramanathan Sowdhamini
- National Centre for Biological Science, TIFR, Bangalore, India.,Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, India
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8
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Targeting Human Proteins for Antiviral Drug Discovery and Repurposing Efforts: A Focus on Protein Kinases. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020568. [PMID: 36851782 PMCID: PMC9966946 DOI: 10.3390/v15020568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the great technological and medical advances in fighting viral diseases, new therapies for most of them are still lacking, and existing antivirals suffer from major limitations regarding drug resistance and a limited spectrum of activity. In fact, most approved antivirals are directly acting antiviral (DAA) drugs, which interfere with viral proteins and confer great selectivity towards their viral targets but suffer from resistance and limited spectrum. Nowadays, host-targeted antivirals (HTAs) are on the rise, in the drug discovery and development pipelines, in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry. These drugs target host proteins involved in the virus life cycle and are considered promising alternatives to DAAs due to their broader spectrum and lower potential for resistance. Herein, we discuss an important class of HTAs that modulate signal transduction pathways by targeting host kinases. Kinases are considered key enzymes that control virus-host interactions. We also provide a synopsis of the antiviral drug discovery and development pipeline detailing antiviral kinase targets, drug types, therapeutic classes for repurposed drugs, and top developing organizations. Furthermore, we detail the drug design and repurposing considerations, as well as the limitations and challenges, for kinase-targeted antivirals, including the choice of the binding sites, physicochemical properties, and drug combinations.
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9
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Alipoor R, Ranjbar R. Small-molecule metabolites in SARS-CoV-2 treatment: a comprehensive review. Biol Chem 2022; 404:569-584. [PMID: 36490203 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has quickly spread all over the world. In this respect, traditional medicinal chemistry, repurposing, and computational approaches have been exploited to develop novel medicines for treating this condition. The effectiveness of chemicals and testing methods in the identification of new promising therapies, and the extent of preparedness for future pandemics, have been further highly advantaged by recent breakthroughs in introducing noble small compounds for clinical testing purposes. Currently, numerous studies are developing small-molecule (SM) therapeutic products for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication, as well as managing the disease-related outcomes. Transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2)-inhibiting medicinal products can thus prevent the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 into the cells, and constrain its spreading along with the morbidity and mortality due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly when co-administered with inhibitors such as chloroquine (CQ) and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). The present review demonstrates that the clinical-stage therapeutic agents, targeting additional viral proteins, might improve the effectiveness of COVID-19 treatment if applied as an adjuvant therapy side-by-side with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Alipoor
- Student Research Committee , Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences , Bandar Abbas , Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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10
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Abstract
The global coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has affected more than 140 million and killed more than 3 million people worldwide as of April 20, 2021. The novel human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as an etiological agent for COVID-19. Several kinases have been proposed as possible mediators of multiple viral infections, including life-threatening coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-1, Middle East syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2. Viral infections hijack abundant cell signaling pathways, resulting in drastic phosphorylation rewiring in the host and viral proteins. Some kinases play a significant role throughout the viral infection cycle (entry, replication, assembly, and egress), and several of them are involved in the virus-induced hyperinflammatory response that leads to cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), organ injury, and death. Here, we highlight kinases that are associated with coronavirus infections and their inhibitors with antiviral and potentially anti-inflammatory, cytokine-suppressive, or antifibrotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry
and Tuebingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University
Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry
and Tuebingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University
Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen,
Germany
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11
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Abstract
Viral infections are a major health problem; therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Antivirals used to target proteins encoded by the viral genome usually enhance drug resistance generated by the virus. A potential solution may be drugs acting at host-based targets since viruses are dependent on numerous cellular proteins and phosphorylation events that are crucial during their life cycle. Repurposing existing kinase inhibitors as antiviral agents would help in the cost and effectiveness of the process, but this strategy usually does not provide much improvement, and specific medicinal chemistry programs are needed in the field. Anyway, extensive use of FDA-approved kinase inhibitors has been quite useful in deciphering the role of host kinases in viral infection. The present perspective aims to review the state of the art of kinase inhibitors that target viral infections in different development stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Cárceles
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Caballero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Evaluation of kinase inhibitors as potential therapeutics for flavivirus infections. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1433-1438. [PMID: 33683474 PMCID: PMC7938686 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The recent introduction of Zika virus (ZIKV), the recurrence of dengue virus (DENV), and the lethality of yellow fever virus (YFV) have had a significant impact on Brazilian society and public health. Here, we targeted two cellular kinases implicated in cell proliferation and cancer that are also important for viral replication: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and Src. We used two MEK inhibitors - trametinib and selumetinib - and two Src inhibitors - saracatinib and bosutinib - to inhibit ZIKV, DENV, and YFV replication in cell culture. The cytotoxicity of the four inhibitors was determined by the observation of abnormal morphology and quantification of adherent cells by crystal violet staining. The antiviral activity of these drugs was assessed based on the reduction of plaque-forming units in cell culture as evidence of the inhibition of the replication of the selected flaviviruses. All four inhibitors showed antiviral activity, but among them, trametinib was the safest and most efficacious against all of the viruses, inhibiting the replication of ZIKV and YFV by 1000-fold, and DENV2/3 by nearly 100-fold. This pan-antiviral effect shows that trametinib could be repurposed for the treatment of flaviviral infections.
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13
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Blázquez AB, Saiz JC. Potential for Protein Kinase Pharmacological Regulation in Flaviviridae Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9524. [PMID: 33333737 PMCID: PMC7765220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of the terminal phosphate group from ATP to a protein acceptor, mainly to serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues. PK catalyzed phosphorylation is critical to the regulation of cellular signaling pathways that affect crucial cell processes, such as growth, differentiation, and metabolism. PKs represent attractive targets for drugs against a wide spectrum of diseases, including viral infections. Two different approaches are being applied in the search for antivirals: compounds directed against viral targets (direct-acting antivirals, DAAs), or against cellular components essential for the viral life cycle (host-directed antivirals, HDAs). One of the main drawbacks of DAAs is the rapid emergence of drug-resistant viruses. In contrast, HDAs present a higher barrier to resistance development. This work reviews the use of chemicals that target cellular PKs as HDAs against virus of the Flaviviridae family (Flavivirus and Hepacivirus), thus being potentially valuable therapeutic targets in the control of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Belén Blázquez
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Seoane R, Vidal S, Bouzaher YH, El Motiam A, Rivas C. The Interaction of Viruses with the Cellular Senescence Response. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E455. [PMID: 33317104 PMCID: PMC7764305 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is viewed as a mechanism to prevent malignant transformation, but when it is chronic, as occurs in age-related diseases, it may have adverse effects on cancer. Therefore, targeting senescent cells is a novel therapeutic strategy against senescence-associated diseases. In addition to its role in cancer protection, cellular senescence is also considered a mechanism to control virus replication. Both interferon treatment and some viral infections can trigger cellular senescence as a way to restrict virus replication. However, activation of the cellular senescence program is linked to the alteration of different pathways, which can be exploited by some viruses to improve their replication. It is, therefore, important to understand the potential impact of senolytic agents on viral propagation. Here we focus on the relationship between virus and cellular senescence and the reported effects of senolytic compounds on virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Seoane
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.S.); (S.V.); (Y.H.B.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Santiago Vidal
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.S.); (S.V.); (Y.H.B.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Yanis Hichem Bouzaher
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.S.); (S.V.); (Y.H.B.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Ahmed El Motiam
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.S.); (S.V.); (Y.H.B.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Carmen Rivas
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.S.); (S.V.); (Y.H.B.); (A.E.M.)
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Gupta MN, Roy I. Drugs, host proteins and viral proteins: how their promiscuities shape antiviral design. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:205-222. [PMID: 32918378 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The reciprocal nature of drug specificity and target specificity implies that the same is true for their respective promiscuities. Protein promiscuity has two broadly different types of footprint in drug design. The first is relaxed specificity of binding sites for substrates, inhibitors, effectors or cofactors. The second involves protein-protein interactions of regulatory processes such as signal transduction and transcription, and here protein intrinsic disorder plays an important role. Both viruses and host cells exploit intrinsic disorder for their survival, as do the design and discovery programs for antivirals. Drug action, strictly speaking, always relies upon promiscuous activity, with drug promiscuity enlarging its scope. Drug repurposing searches for additional promiscuity on the part of both the drug and the target in the host. Understanding the subtle nuances of these promiscuities is critical in the design of novel and more effective antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munishwar Nath Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
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16
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Abstract
There is a large global unmet need for effective countermeasures to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The development of novel antiviral drugs is expensive and too slow to meet the immediate need. The repurposing of drugs that are approved or are under advanced clinical investigation provides a cost- and time-effective therapeutic solution. This review summarizes the major repurposed approaches that have been proposed or are already being studied in clinical trials for COVID-19. Among these approaches are drugs that aim to reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication by targeting either viral enzymatic functions or cellular factors required for the viral life cycle. Drugs that modulate the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection by boosting it to enhance viral clearance or by suppressing it to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue injury represent another category. Lastly, we discuss means to discover repurposed drugs and the ongoing challenges associated with the off-label use of existing drugs in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirle Saul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and
Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Lane Building, Rm
L127, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
| | - Shirit Einav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and
Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Lane Building, Rm
L127, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
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17
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Phosphoproteomic analysis of dengue virus infected U937 cells and identification of pyruvate kinase M2 as a differentially phosphorylated phosphoprotein. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14493. [PMID: 32879337 PMCID: PMC7467932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arthropod-borne Flavivirus that can cause a range of symptomatic disease in humans. There are four dengue viruses (DENV 1 to 4) and infection with one DENV only provides transient protection against a heterotypic virus. Second infections are often more severe as the disease is potentiated by antibodies from the first infection through a process known as antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection. Phosphorylation is a major post-translational modification that can have marked effects on a number of processes. To date there has been little information on the phosphorylation changes induced by DENV infection. This study aimed to determine global phosphoproteome changes induced by DENV 2 in U937 cells infected under an ADE protocol. A 2-dimensional electrophoretic approach coupled with a phosphoprotein-specific dye and mass spectroscopic analysis identified 15 statistically significant differentially phosphorylated proteins upon DENV 2 infection. One protein identified as significantly differentially phosphorylated, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) was validated. Treatment with a PKM2 inhibitor modestly reduced levels of infection and viral output, but no change was seen in cellular viral protein levels, suggesting that PKM2 acts on exocytic virus release. While the effect of inhibition of PKM2 was relatively modest, the results highlight the need for a greater understanding of the role of phosphoproteins in DENV infection.
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18
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Troost B, Smit JM. Recent advances in antiviral drug development towards dengue virus. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 43:9-21. [PMID: 32795907 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high disease burden of dengue virus, there is no approved antiviral treatment or broadly applicable vaccine to treat or prevent dengue virus infection. In the last decade, many antiviral compounds have been identified but only few have been further evaluated in pre-clinical or clinical trials. This review will give an overview of the direct-acting and host-directed antivirals identified to date. Furthermore, important parameters for further development that is, drug properties including efficacy, specificity and stability, pre-clinical animal testing, and combinational drug therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Troost
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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19
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Weisberg E, Parent A, Yang PL, Sattler M, Liu Q, Liu Q, Wang J, Meng C, Buhrlage SJ, Gray N, Griffin JD. Repurposing of Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of COVID-19. Pharm Res 2020; 37:167. [PMID: 32778962 PMCID: PMC7417114 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19, the pandemic disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spurred an intense search for treatments by the scientific community. In the absence of a vaccine, the goal is to target the viral life cycle and alleviate the lung-damaging symptoms of infection, which can be life-threatening. There are numerous protein kinases associated with these processes that can be inhibited by FDA-approved drugs, the repurposing of which presents an alluring option as they have been thoroughly vetted for safety and are more readily available for treatment of patients and testing in clinical trials. Here, we characterize more than 30 approved kinase inhibitors in terms of their antiviral potential, due to their measured potency against key kinases required for viral entry, metabolism, or reproduction. We also highlight inhibitors with potential to reverse pulmonary insufficiency because of their anti-inflammatory activity, cytokine suppression, or antifibrotic activity. Certain agents are projected to be dual-purpose drugs in terms of antiviral activity and alleviation of disease symptoms, however drug combination is also an option for inhibitors with optimal pharmacokinetic properties that allow safe and efficacious co-administration with other drugs, such as antiviral agents, IL-6 blocking agents, or other kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Weisberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alexander Parent
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Priscilla L Yang
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qingsong Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingwang Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chengcheng Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara J Buhrlage
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nathanael Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James D Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Gorabi AM, Kiaie N, Bianconi V, Jamialahmadi T, Al-Rasadi K, Johnston TP, Pirro M, Sahebkar A. Antiviral effects of statins. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 79:101054. [PMID: 32777243 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introducing statins as possible widely-available drugs for the treatment of viral infections requires an in depth review of their antiviral properties. Despite some inconsistency, a large body of literature data from experimental and clinical studies suggest that statins may have a role in the treatment of viral infections due to their immunomodulatory properties as well as their ability to inhibit viral replication. In the present review, the role that statins may play while interacting with the immune system during viral infections and the possible inhibitory effects of statins on different stages of virus cell cycle (i.e., from fusion with host cell membranes to extracellular release) and subsequent virus transmission are described. Specifically, cholesterol-dependent and cholesterol-independent mechanisms of the antiviral effects of statins are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita M Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Kiaie
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalid Al-Rasadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
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21
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Zhao J, Guo T, Lei T, Zhu JC, Wang F, Wang XW, Liu SS. Proteomic Analyses of Whitefly-Begomovirus Interactions Reveal the Inhibitory Role of Tumorous Imaginal Discs in Viral Retention. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1596. [PMID: 32849541 PMCID: PMC7417349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, plant viruses are mostly transmitted by hemipteran insects, such as aphids, leafhoppers, and whiteflies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between virus and insect vector are poorly known. Here, we investigate the proteomic interactions between tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV, genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae), a plant virus, and its vector whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) species complex. First, using a yeast two-hybrid system, we identified 15 candidate whitefly proteins interacting with the coat protein of TYLCV. GO and KEGG pathway analysis implicated that these 15 whitefly proteins are of different biological functions/processes mainly including metabolic process, cell motility, signal transduction, and response to stimulus. We then found that the whitefly protein tumorous imaginal discs (Tid), one of the 15 whitefly proteins identified, had a stable interaction with TYLCV CP in vitro, and the DnaJ_C domain of Tid301−499aa may be the viral binding site. During viral retention, the expression of whitefly protein Tid was observed to increase at the protein level, and feeding whiteflies with dsRNA or antibody against Tid resulted in a higher quantity of TYLCV in the whitefly body, suggesting the role of Tid in antiviral infection. Our data indicate that the induction of Tid following viral acquisition is likely a whitefly immune response to TYLCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Teng Lei
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Chen Zhu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Identification of Estrogen Receptor Modulators as Inhibitors of Flavivirus Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00289-20. [PMID: 32482672 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00289-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses such as Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and West Nile virus (WNV) are major global pathogens for which safe and effective antiviral therapies are not currently available. To identify antiviral small molecules with well-characterized safety and bioavailability profiles, we screened a library of 2,907 approved drugs and pharmacologically active compounds for inhibitors of ZIKV infection using a high-throughput cell-based immunofluorescence assay. Interestingly, estrogen receptor modulators raloxifene hydrochloride and quinestrol were among 15 compounds that significantly inhibited ZIKV infection in repeat screens. Subsequent validation studies revealed that these drugs effectively inhibit ZIKV, DENV, and WNV (Kunjin strain) infection at low micromolar concentrations with minimal cytotoxicity in Huh-7.5 hepatoma cells and HTR-8 placental trophoblast cells. Since these cells lack detectable expression of estrogen receptors-α and -β (ER-α and ER-β) and similar antiviral effects were observed in the context of subgenomic DENV and ZIKV replicons, these compounds appear to inhibit viral RNA replication in a manner that is independent of their known effects on estrogen receptor signaling. Taken together, quinestrol, raloxifene hydrochloride, and structurally related analogues warrant further investigation as potential therapeutics for treatment of flavivirus infections.
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23
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Cortese M, Kumar A, Matula P, Kaderali L, Scaturro P, Erfle H, Acosta EG, Buehler S, Ruggieri A, Chatel-Chaix L, Rohr K, Bartenschlager R. Reciprocal Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling on Dengue Virus Replication and Virion Production. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2579-2592.e6. [PMID: 31141684 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a human arboviral pathogen accounting for 390 million infections every year. The available vaccine has limited efficacy, and DENV-specific drugs have not been generated. To better understand DENV-host cell interaction, we employed RNA interference-based screening of the human kinome and identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) to control the DENV replication cycle. Pharmacological inhibition of FGFR exerts a reciprocal effect by reducing DENV RNA replication and promoting the production of infectious virus particles. Addressing the latter effect, we found that the FGFR signaling pathway modulates intracellular distribution of DENV particles in a PI3K-dependent manner. Upon FGFR inhibition, virions accumulate in the trans-Golgi network compartment, where they undergo enhanced maturation cleavage of the envelope protein precursor membrane (prM), rendering virus particles more infectious. This study reveals an unexpected reciprocal role of a cellular receptor tyrosine kinase regulating DENV RNA replication and the production of infectious virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Petr Matula
- Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Heidelberg University, BioQuant, IPMB, and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- ViroQuant Research Group Modeling, BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pietro Scaturro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Holger Erfle
- Advanced Biological Screening Facility, BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Eliana Gisela Acosta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Sandra Buehler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Laurent Chatel-Chaix
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, Boulevard des Prairies Laval, Québec, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Karl Rohr
- Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Heidelberg University, BioQuant, IPMB, and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg Partner Site, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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24
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Antiviral Activity of Compound L3 against Dengue and Zika Viruses In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114050. [PMID: 32517029 PMCID: PMC7312370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses that cause severe illness after infection. Currently, there are no specific or effective treatments against DENV and ZIKV. Previous studies have shown that tyrosine kinase activities and signal transduction are involved in flavivirus replication, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for DENV and ZIKV. In this study, we found that compound L3 can significantly reduce viral protein expression and viral titers in HEK-293, MCF-7, HepG2, and Huh-7 cells and exhibits superior therapeutic efficacy against flaviviral infection compared to other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In addition, compound L3 can decrease endogenous HER2 activation and inhibit the phosphorylation of the HER2 downstream signaling molecules Src and ERK1/2, the levels of which have been associated with viral protein expression in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, silencing HER2 diminished DENV-2 and ZIKV expression in MCF-7 cells, which suggests that HER2 activity is involved in flavivirus replication. Furthermore, in DENV-2-infected AG129 mice, treatment with compound L3 increased the survival rates and reduced the viremia levels. Overall, compound L3 demonstrates therapeutic efficacy both in vitro and in vivo and could be developed as a promising antiviral drug against emerging flaviviruses or for concurrent DENV and ZIKV outbreaks.
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25
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Wei M, Zhang Y, Aweya JJ, Wang F, Li S, Lun J, Zhu C, Yao D. Litopenaeus vannamei Src64B restricts white spot syndrome virus replication by modulating apoptosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:313-321. [PMID: 31351111 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Src family kinases (SFK) are involved in signaling transductions that regulate numerous biological activities including host-virus interaction. These features of SFK have been well explored in vertebrates, however, in shrimp, the invertebrate SFK family member Src64B, has not been characterized and therefore its role in shrimp-virus interaction remains unknown. In this study, two Litopenaeus vannamei Src64B isoforms (designated LvSrc64B1 and LvSrc64B2) were first cloned and their role in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection was explored. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that LvSrc64B1 and LvSrc64B2 were similar to other Src64B family members, with high homology in primary and tertiary structures, and contained the conserved SFK functional domains, as well as the putative myristylation and phosphorylation sites. Tissue distribution analysis showed that both LvSrc64B isoforms were ubiquitously expressed, albeit distinctively in the tested tissues. In addition, transcript levels of LvSrc64B1 and LvSrc64B2 were significantly induced following WSSV challenge and had similar expression patterns. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of LvSrc64B1 and LvSrc64B2 followed by WSSV infection resulted in increased expression of viral genes, enhanced viral DNA replication, and elevation of hemocytes apoptosis. Depletion of LvSrc64B1 and LvSrc64B2 also reduced shrimp survival upon WSSV infection. In conclusion, the current data strongly suggest that Src64B is a host factor that inhibits WSSV replication by modulating apoptosis in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Wei
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jingsheng Lun
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Roa Linares VC, Gallego Gómez JC. La pérdida de función de la quinasa dependiente de ciclina 5 (CDK5) altera el citoesqueleto y reduce la infección in vitro por el virus del dengue 2. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v24n3.79347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
La quinasa dependiente de ciclina 5 (CDK5) regula diversas funciones en neuronas, células endoteliales y epiteliales, entre ellas la dinámica del citoesqueleto. Así mismo, se ha reportado que componentes del citoesqueleto, tales como, filamentos de actina y microtúbulos juegan un rol importante durante la infección por el virus dengue (DENV). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar por dos métodos, inhibición química y silenciamiento génico, la participación de CDK5 durante la infección por DENV-2. La actividad antiviral de roscovitina fue evaluada usando ensayos de Unidades Formadoras de Placa (PFU). La eficiencia de transfección y el silenciamiento de CDK5, empleando miARNs artificiales, se determinó por citometría de flujo. El efecto sobre la proteína de envoltura viral y elementos del citoesqueleto se evidenció mediante microscopia avanzada de fluorescencia y análisis de imágenes. Roscovitina mostró actividad antiviral en etapas pre y post-infectivas en una forma dependiente de la dosis. El tratamiento con roscovitina y miRCDK5 mostró ser efectivo reduciendo la cantidad de CDK5 en células no infectadas. En células infectadas y transfectadas con miRCDK5, así como tratadas con el inhibidor, se observó una reducción significativa de la proteína de envoltura viral; sin embargo, no se encontró reducción significativa de CDK5. Además, el tratamiento con roscovitina indujo cambios celulares morfológicos evidentes en células infectadas. Los resultados indican la potencial participación de CDK5 durante la infección por DENV-2, posiblemente mediando la traducción proteica o la replicación del genoma viral a través de la regulación de la dinámica del citoesqueleto. Se requieren datos adicionales para esclarecer la mecanística del fenómeno usando métodos alternativos.
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Ahammad F, Tengku Abd Rashid TR, Mohamed M, Tanbin S, Ahmad Fuad FA. Contemporary Strategies and Current Trends in Designing Antiviral Drugs against Dengue Fever via Targeting Host-Based Approaches. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E296. [PMID: 31466307 PMCID: PMC6780377 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arboviral human pathogen transmitted through mosquito bite that infects an estimated ~400 million humans (~5% of the global population) annually. To date, no specific therapeutics have been developed that can prevent or treat infections resulting from this pathogen. DENV utilizes numerous host molecules and factors for transcribing the single-stranded ~11 kb positive-sense RNA genome. For example, the glycosylation machinery of the host is required for viral particles to assemble in the endoplasmic reticulum. Since a variety of host factors seem to be utilized by the pathogens, targeting these factors may result in DENV inhibitors, and will play an important role in attenuating the rapid emergence of other flaviviruses. Many experimental studies have yielded findings indicating that host factors facilitate infection, indicating that the focus should be given to targeting the processes contributing to pathogenesis along with many other immune responses. Here, we provide an extensive literature review in order to elucidate the progress made in the development of host-based approaches for DENV viral infections, focusing on host cellular mechanisms and factors responsible for viral replication, aiming to aid the potential development of host-dependent antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foysal Ahammad
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia
| | | | - Maizan Mohamed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Locked Bag 36, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suriyea Tanbin
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia
| | - Fazia Adyani Ahmad Fuad
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia.
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Src Family Kinase Inhibitors Block Translation of Alphavirus Subgenomic mRNAs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02325-18. [PMID: 30917980 PMCID: PMC6496153 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02325-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses are arthropod-transmitted RNA viruses that can cause arthralgia, myalgia, and encephalitis in humans. Since the role of cellular kinases in alphavirus replication is unknown, we profiled kinetic changes in host kinase abundance and phosphorylation following chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection of fibroblasts. Alphaviruses are arthropod-transmitted RNA viruses that can cause arthralgia, myalgia, and encephalitis in humans. Since the role of cellular kinases in alphavirus replication is unknown, we profiled kinetic changes in host kinase abundance and phosphorylation following chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection of fibroblasts. Based upon the results of this study, we treated CHIKV-infected cells with kinase inhibitors targeting the Src family kinase (SFK)–phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–AKT–mTORC signaling pathways. Treatment of cells with SFK inhibitors blocked the replication of CHIKV as well as multiple other alphaviruses, including Mayaro virus, O’nyong-nyong virus, Ross River virus, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Dissecting the effect of SFK inhibition on alphavirus replication, we found that viral structural protein levels were significantly reduced, but synthesis of viral genomic and subgenomic RNAs was unaffected. By measuring the association of viral RNA with polyribosomes, we found that the SFK inhibitor dasatinib blocks alphavirus subgenomic RNA translation. Our results demonstrate a role for SFK signaling in alphavirus subgenomic RNA translation and replication. Targeting host factors involved in alphavirus replication represents an innovative, perhaps paradigm-shifting, strategy for exploring the replication of CHIKV and other alphaviruses while promoting antiviral therapeutic development.
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Dengue drug discovery: Progress, challenges and outlook. Antiviral Res 2018; 163:156-178. [PMID: 30597183 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the context of the only available vaccine (DENGVAXIA) that was marketed in several countries, but poses higher risks to unexposed individuals, the development of antivirals for dengue virus (DENV), whilst challenging, would bring significant benefits to public health. Here recent progress in the field of DENV drug discovery made in academic laboratories and industry is reviewed. Characteristics of an ideal DENV antiviral molecule, given the specific immunopathology provoked by this acute viral infection, are described. New chemical classes identified from biochemical, biophysical and phenotypic screens that target viral (especially NS4B) and host proteins, offer promising opportunities for further development. In particular, new methodologies ("omics") can accelerate the discovery of much awaited flavivirus specific inhibitors. Challenges and opportunities in lead identification activities as well as the path to clinical development of dengue drugs are discussed. To galvanize DENV drug discovery, collaborative public-public partnerships and open-access resources will greatly benefit both the DENV research community and DENV patients.
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Hernandez HW, Soeung M, Zorn KM, Ashoura N, Mottin M, Andrade CH, Caffrey CR, de Siqueira-Neto JL, Ekins S. High Throughput and Computational Repurposing for Neglected Diseases. Pharm Res 2018; 36:27. [PMID: 30560386 PMCID: PMC6792295 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent are a heterogeneous group of communicable diseases that are found within the poorest populations of the world. There are 23 NTDs that have been prioritized by the World Health Organization, which are endemic in 149 countries and affect more than 1.4 billion people, costing these developing economies billions of dollars annually. The NTDs result from four different causative pathogens: protozoa, bacteria, helminth and virus. The majority of the diseases lack effective treatments. Therefore, new therapeutics for NTDs are desperately needed. Methods We describe various high throughput screening and computational approaches that have been performed in recent years. We have collated the molecules identified in these studies and calculated molecular properties. Results Numerous global repurposing efforts have yielded some promising compounds for various neglected tropical diseases. These compounds when analyzed as one would expect appear drug-like. Several large datasets are also now in the public domain and this enables machine learning models to be constructed that then facilitate the discovery of new molecules for these pathogens. Conclusions In the space of a few years many groups have either performed experimental or computational repurposing high throughput screens against neglected diseases. These have identified compounds which in many cases are already approved drugs. Such approaches perhaps offer a more efficient way to develop treatments which are generally not a focus for global pharmaceutical companies because of the economics or the lack of a viable market. Other diseases could perhaps benefit from these repurposing approaches. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11095-018-2558-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melinda Soeung
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kimberley M Zorn
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606, USA
| | | | - Melina Mottin
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Goias - UFG, Goiânia, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- LabMol - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de Goias - UFG, Goiânia, GO, 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Conor R Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, 92093, USA
| | - Jair Lage de Siqueira-Neto
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, 92093, USA
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27606, USA.
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Antivirus effectiveness of ivermectin on dengue virus type 2 in Aedes albopictus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006934. [PMID: 30452439 PMCID: PMC6277121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue fever is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease over the past 50 years, with a 30-fold increase in global incidence. Dengue vector control is a key component for the dengue control strategy, since no absolutely effective vaccine or drug is available yet. However, the rapid rise and spread of mosquito insecticide resistance have become major threats to the efficiency of insecticide-based vector control activities. Thus, innovative vector control tools are badly needed. This study aims to confirm the antivirus effectiveness of ivermectin on dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) in Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894), then to explore its potential use in the combating to the dengue epidemics. Methods Aedes albopictus were first infected with DENV-2 in human whole blood, and at the fourth day after infectious blood feeding, they were divided into eight groups. Seven of them were held for six days with access to 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 ng/ml ivermectin, respectively, and the last one was set as a historical control group, which was stored at -80°C until being detected at the same time with the other groups. Each mosquito was detected using real-time fluorescent RT-PCR kit. DENV-2 RNA concentration (copies/ml) and infection rate in each group were compared. Results Both of quantitatively and qualitatively inhibiting effects of ivermectin have been detected in this study. Generally, DENV-2 replicated well in Aedes albopictus without ivermectin intervention, whose virus loads exhibited significantly higher when the mosquitoes were holding from 4 days to 10 days after infectious blood feeding. In contrast, with the treatment of ivermectin, the infection rate was reduced by as much as 49.63%. The regression equation between infection rates (Y2) and ivermectin concentration log2 values (X2) was obtained as Y2 = 91.41–7.21*X2 with R2 = 0.89. Conclusion Ivermectin can directly or indirectly inhibit DENV-2 multiplication in Aedes albopictus. Moreover, the actual concentration for application in zooprophylaxis needs to be confirmed in the further field trials. Dengue fever is one of neglected vector-borne tropical diseases with a 30-fold increase in global incidence recently. In 2012, World Health Organization set a goal to reduce dengue mortality by at least 50% by 2020. Being faced with more challenges in the dengue control programs, such as the increase of dengue outbreaks, lacking absolutely effective vaccine, rise of vector insecticide resistance and so on; innovative vector control tools are urgently needed for current control programs on dengue fever. To find a new avenue in vector control, we for the first time assessed the inhibiting effectiveness of ivermectin on dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) inside Aedes mosquitoes. We found that about 80% Aedes albopictus mosquitoes were effectively infected with DENV-2 without treatment of ivermectin. But in the groups of ivermectin treatment, the infection rate of DENV-2 and the median of virus loads were significantly reduced by up to 49.63% and 99.99%, respectively. Both quantitatively and qualitatively inhibiting effects of ivermectin were detected. We found out that ivermectin was able to effectively inhibit the DENV-2 multiplication in Aedes albopictus, which may gave us a hint that using ivermectin in some control programs as a zooprophylaxis to block dengue epidemic through inhibiting DENV-2 in field Aedes mosquitoes.
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Zhang Y, Zhu L, Cao G, Sahib Zar M, Hu X, Wei Y, Xue R, Gong C. Cell entry of BmCPV can be promoted by tyrosine-protein kinase Src64B-like protein. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 121:1-7. [PMID: 30554639 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV) is a non-enveloped dsRNA virus, which specifically infect the midgut epithelium of B. mori. BmCPV enters permissive cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis employing β1 integrin mediated internalization. Until now, the cell entry mechanism of BmCPV has not been known clearly. Here, we investigated whether tyrosine-protein kinase Src64B-like is involved in the cell entry of BmCPV. The Src64B-like gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli), and the recombinant protein Src64B-like was used to immunize mouse for preparation of anti-Src64B-like polyclonal antibody (pAb). After Src64B-like gene was silenced by RNAi, the infection of BmCPV was reduced by 59.48% ± 2.18% and 92.22% ± 1.12% in vitro and in vivo autonomously. Contrary to it, BmCPV infection could be enhanced by increasing the expression of Src64B-like. In addition, immunofluorescence assay showed that Src64B-like protein did not co-localize with BmCPV in the cultured BmN cells during viral infection. These results indicate that Src64B-like protein participates and plays an important role in the cell entry of BmCPV, but not contacting directly with BmCPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guangli Cao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mian Sahib Zar
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Institute of Synthetic Biology (iSynBio), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xuevuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuhong Wei
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renyu Xue
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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The celecoxib derivative kinase inhibitor AR-12 (OSU-03012) inhibits Zika virus via down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and protects Zika virus-infected A129 mice: A host-targeting treatment strategy. Antiviral Res 2018; 160:38-47. [PMID: 30326204 PMCID: PMC7113887 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a human-pathogenic flavivirus that has recently emerged as a global public health threat. ZIKV infection may be associated with congenital malformations in infected fetuses and severe neurological and systemic complications in infected adults. There are currently limited treatment options for ZIKV infection. AR-12 (OSU-03012) is a celecoxib derivative cellular kinase inhibitor that has broad-spectrum antiviral activities. In this study, we investigated the antiviral activity and mechanism of AR-12 against ZIKV. We evaluated the in vitro anti-ZIKV activity of AR-12, using cell protection and virus yield reduction assays, in multiple clinically relevant cell lines, and the in vivo treatment effects of AR-12 in a lethal mouse model using type I interferon receptor-deficient A129 mice. AR-12 inhibited ZIKV strains belonging to both the African and Asian/American lineages in Huh-7 and/or neuronal cells. AR12's IC50 against ZIKV was consistently <2 μM in these cells. ZIKV-infected A129 mice treated with intraperitoneally or orally administered AR-12 had significantly higher survival rate (50.0%–83.3% vs 0%, P < 0.05), less body weight loss, and lower blood and tissue ZIKV RNA loads than untreated control A129 mice. These anti-ZIKV effects were likely the results of down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway by AR-12. Clinical trials using the clinically available and broad-spectrum AR-12 as an empirical treatment should be considered especially for patients residing in or returning from areas endemic of ZIKV and other arboviral infections who present with an acute undifferentiated febrile illness. AR-12 (OSU-03012) inhibited the replication of Zika virus strains belonging to both the Asian/American and African lineages. AR-12 inhibited Zika virus replication in multiple cell types in vitro. AR-12 treatment improved clinical and virological outcome of Zika virus-infected type I interferon receptor-deficient mice. AR-12 inhibited Zika virus replication via down-regulation of protein kinase B (Akt).
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Robinson M, Schor S, Barouch-Bentov R, Einav S. Viral journeys on the intracellular highways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3693-3714. [PMID: 30043139 PMCID: PMC6151136 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens that are dependent on cellular machineries for their replication. Recent technological breakthroughs have facilitated reliable identification of host factors required for viral infections and better characterization of the virus-host interplay. While these studies have revealed cellular machineries that are uniquely required by individual viruses, accumulating data also indicate the presence of broadly required mechanisms. Among these overlapping cellular functions are components of intracellular membrane trafficking pathways. Here, we review recent discoveries focused on how viruses exploit intracellular membrane trafficking pathways to promote various stages of their life cycle, with an emphasis on cellular factors that are usurped by a broad range of viruses. We describe broadly required components of the endocytic and secretory pathways, the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport pathway, and the autophagy pathway. Identification of such overlapping host functions offers new opportunities to develop broad-spectrum host-targeted antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makeda Robinson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Lane Building, Rm L127, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stanford Schor
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Lane Building, Rm L127, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rina Barouch-Bentov
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Lane Building, Rm L127, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shirit Einav
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Lane Building, Rm L127, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Cuartas-López AM, Hernández-Cuellar CE, Gallego-Gómez JC. Disentangling the role of PI3K/Akt, Rho GTPase and the actin cytoskeleton on dengue virus infection. Virus Res 2018; 256:153-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kaptein SJF, Vincetti P, Crespan E, Rivera JIA, Costantino G, Maga G, Neyts J, Radi M. Identification of Broad-Spectrum Dengue/Zika Virus Replication Inhibitors by Functionalization of Quinoline and 2,6-Diaminopurine Scaffolds. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1371-1376. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J. F. Kaptein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy; KU Leuven; B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Paolo Vincetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Parma; Viale delle Scienze, 27/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- National Research Council; Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR; Via Abbiategrasso 207 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Jorge I. Armijos Rivera
- National Research Council; Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR; Via Abbiategrasso 207 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Gabriele Costantino
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Parma; Viale delle Scienze, 27/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- National Research Council; Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR; Via Abbiategrasso 207 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Johan Neyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy; KU Leuven; B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Marco Radi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Parma; Viale delle Scienze, 27/A 43124 Parma Italy
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Kumar R, Khandelwal N, Thachamvally R, Tripathi BN, Barua S, Kashyap SK, Maherchandani S, Kumar N. Role of MAPK/MNK1 signaling in virus replication. Virus Res 2018; 253:48-61. [PMID: 29864503 PMCID: PMC7114592 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are known to exploit cellular signaling pathways. MAPK is a major cell signaling pathway activated by diverse group of viruses. MNK1 regulates both cap-dependent and IRES-mediated mRNA translation. This review discuss the role of MAPK, particularly the role of MNK1 in virus replication.
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites; they heavily depend on the host cell machinery to effectively replicate and produce new progeny virus particles. Following viral infection, diverse cell signaling pathways are initiated by the cells, with the major goal of establishing an antiviral state. However, viruses have been shown to exploit cellular signaling pathways for their own effective replication. Genome-wide siRNA screens have also identified numerous host factors that either support (proviral) or inhibit (antiviral) virus replication. Some of the host factors might be dispensable for the host but may be critical for virus replication; therefore such cellular factors may serve as targets for development of antiviral therapeutics. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a major cell signaling pathway that is known to be activated by diverse group of viruses. MAPK interacting kinase 1 (MNK1) has been shown to regulate both cap-dependent and internal ribosomal entry sites (IRES)-mediated mRNA translation. In this review we have discuss the role of MAPK in virus replication, particularly the role of MNK1 in replication and translation of viral genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Riyesh Thachamvally
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Bhupendra Nath Tripathi
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Sanjay Barua
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India
| | - Sunil Maherchandani
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
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Tian YS, Zhou Y, Takagi T, Kameoka M, Kawashita N. Dengue Virus and Its Inhibitors: A Brief Review. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:191-206. [PMID: 29491253 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The global occurrence of viral infectious diseases poses a significant threat to human health. Dengue virus (DENV) infection is one of the most noteworthy of these infections. According to a WHO survey, approximately 400 million people are infected annually; symptoms deteriorate in approximately one percent of cases. Numerous foundational and clinical investigations on viral epidemiology, structure and function analysis, infection source and route, therapeutic targets, vaccines, and therapeutic drugs have been conducted by both academic and industrial researchers. At present, CYD-TDV or Dengvaxia® is the only approved vaccine, but potent inhibitors are currently under development. In this review, an overview of the viral life circle and the history of DENVs is presented, and the most recently reported antiviral candidates and newly discovered promising targets are focused and summarized. We believe that these successes and failures have enabled progress in anti-DENV drug discovery and hope that our review will stimulate further innovation in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shi Tian
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Yi Zhou
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Tatsuya Takagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Masanori Kameoka
- Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences
| | - Norihito Kawashita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University.,Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Kindai University
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Schor S, Einav S. Repurposing of Kinase Inhibitors as Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 37:63-69. [PMID: 29148875 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The high cost of drug development and the narrow spectrum of coverage typically provided by direct-acting antivirals limit the scalability of this antiviral approach. This review summarizes progress and challenges in the repurposing of approved kinase inhibitors as host-targeted broad-spectrum antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanford Schor
- 1 Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine , Department of Medicine, Stanford, California.,2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Shirit Einav
- 1 Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine , Department of Medicine, Stanford, California.,2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
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Clark MJ, Miduturu C, Schmidt AG, Zhu X, Pitts JD, Wang J, Potisopon S, Zhang J, Wojciechowski A, Hann Chu JJ, Gray NS, Yang PL. GNF-2 Inhibits Dengue Virus by Targeting Abl Kinases and the Viral E Protein. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 23:443-52. [PMID: 27105280 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus infects more than 300 million people annually, yet there is no widely protective vaccine or drugs against the virus. Efforts to develop antivirals against classical targets such as the viral protease and polymerase have not yielded drugs that have advanced to the clinic. Here, we show that the allosteric Abl kinase inhibitor GNF-2 interferes with dengue virus replication via activity mediated by cellular Abl kinases but additionally blocks viral entry via an Abl-independent mechanism. To characterize this newly discovered antiviral activity, we developed disubstituted pyrimidines that block dengue virus entry with structure-activity relationships distinct from those driving kinase inhibition. We demonstrate that biotin- and fluorophore-conjugated derivatives of GNF-2 interact with the dengue glycoprotein, E, in the pre-fusion conformation that exists on the virion surface, and that this interaction inhibits viral entry. This study establishes GNF-2 as an antiviral compound with polypharmacological activity and provides "lead" compounds for further optimization efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chandra Miduturu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Avenue, Longwood Center LC-2209, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron G Schmidt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuling Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jared D Pitts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Avenue, Longwood Center LC-2209, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Supanee Potisopon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Avenue, Longwood Center LC-2209, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy Wojciechowski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Avenue, Longwood Center LC-2209, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Avenue, Longwood Center LC-2209, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Priscilla L Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Yao D, Ruan L, Xu J, Shi H, Xu X. Characterization of a novel non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src from Litopenaeus vannamei and its response to white spot syndrome virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 68:377-385. [PMID: 28743627 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs), a class of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, mediate a wide aspect of cellular signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, motility and survival. In this study, we identified and characterized for the first time a novel SFK homologue from Litopenaeus vannamei (designated as LvSrc). Sequence analysis showed that LvSrc had a high homology with the identified SFKs, especially those from invertebrates. LvSrc contained the conserved SH3, SH2 and tyrosine kinase domains, as well as the potential phosphorylation and lipid modification sites. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that LvSrc was mostly localized at the plasma membrane and partly resided in the perinuclear vesicle and nucleus or whole cell. Infection with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) could up-regulate the transcription and expression levels of LvSrc and further induced its phosphorylation, suggesting that LvSrc was implicated in WSSV infection. Furthermore, our co-immunoprecipitation result confirmed the interaction between Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in shrimp, while the phosphorylation of FAK was markedly enhanced by co-expression with LvSrc. In sum, our studies suggested that LvSrc might act in the FAK-regulated signaling pathway during WSSV infection, which would give us a better insight in understanding the role of SKFs in host-virus interactions in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of State Oceanic Administration, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China; Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingwei Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of State Oceanic Administration, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingxiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of State Oceanic Administration, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of State Oceanic Administration, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of State Oceanic Administration, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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Andrei G, Carter K, Janeba Z, Sampath A, Schang LM, Tarbet EB, Vere Hodge RA, Bray M, Esté JA. Highlights of the 30th International Conference on Antiviral Research. Antiviral Res 2017; 145:184-196. [PMID: 28774800 PMCID: PMC7127040 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The 30th International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR) was held in Atlanta, GA, USA from May 18 to 21, 2017. This report provides an account of award lectures, invited keynote addresses and oral presentations during the meeting. The 2017 Gertrude Elion Memorial Lecture Award by Michael Sofia highlighted one of the most important accomplishments in recent drug discovery in antiviral research, the identification of the hepatitis C virus direct-acting antiviral sofosbuvir and new alternatives to combat hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The Antonín Holý Lecture Award by David Chu on medicinal chemistry provided an overview of early developments of nucleoside analogs for the treatment of HIV and varicella zoster virus infection and how this knowledge serves to develop new drugs targeting HBV. Priscilla Yang gave the first ISAR Women in Science lecture. She reported on pharmacological validation of new antiviral targets for dengue, Zika and other flaviviruses. The William Prusoff Young Investigator Lecture Award by Maaike Everts described the Alabama Drug Discovery Alliance and the Antiviral Drug Discovery and Development Consortium, and how they are helping to accelerate the development of new antivirals. The 30th ICAR was a success in promoting new discoveries in antiviral drug development and research. The 31st ICAR will be held in Porto, Portugal, June 11–15, 2018. The 30th ICAR was held in Atlanta, Georgia, USA from May 18–21, 2017. This article summarizes presentations by ISAR award recipients, principal invited lectures and keynote addresses. Mini-symposium topics included antiviral immunity and emerging viral infections. Other sessions and topics included hepatitis and retroviruses, respiratory viruses, DNA viruses and medicinal chemistry. The 31st ICAR will be held in Porto, Portugal, June 11–15, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Andrei
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kara Carter
- Sanofi, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aruna Sampath
- Emergent BioSolutions, 400 Professional Drive, Ste 400, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
| | - Luis M Schang
- Baker Institute, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - E Bart Tarbet
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | | | | | - José A Esté
- AIDS Research Institute - Irsicaixa, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Canyet s/n, Badalona, Spain; International Society for Antiviral Research, Spain.
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Fialho LG, da Silva VP, Reis SRNI, Azeredo EL, Kaplan MAC, Figueiredo MR, Kubelka CF. Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Effects of Norantea brasiliensis Choisy on Dengue Virus-2. Intervirology 2017; 59:217-227. [PMID: 28329744 DOI: 10.1159/000455855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Severe dengue fever is a result of exacerbated immune responses and no specific treatments are available. We evaluated the antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of Norantea brasiliensis Choisy. METHODS Human adherent monocytes infected in vitro with dengue virus (DENV)-2 were incubated with the crude ethanol extract from leaves (NB1) or 3 derived fractions: dichloromethane (NB3), ethyl acetate (NB5), and butanolic (NB6) partitions. The antiviral and immunomodulatory activities were determined by intracellular detection of DENV antigen within monocytes and by secreted NS1 viral protein and cytokines. RESULTS The crude extract alone exhibited both antiviral activities (intracellular and secreted antigens) and all fractions derived from this extract modulated NS1 production. Regarding the immunomodulatory effect, among the secreted factors, TNF-α was inhibited by NB3 and NB6; IL-6 was inhibited by NB1, NB3, and NB6; IL-10 by NB1 and NB3; and IFN-α by NB6. The crude extract (NB1) presented the best antiviral effect, whereas the dichloromethane fraction (NB3) presented an immunomodulatory effect in the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION During in vitro DENV infection, N. brasiliensis Choisy exerts both antiviral and immunomodulatory effects that are likely associated, considering that less viral load may lead to less immunostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Gomes Fialho
- Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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44
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Liang Y, de Wispelaere M, Carocci M, Liu Q, Wang J, Yang PL, Gray NS. Structure-Activity Relationship Study of QL47: A Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agent. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:344-349. [PMID: 28337328 PMCID: PMC5346993 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigations of QL-XII-47 (QL47), a compound that possesses broad-spectrum antiviral activity against dengue virus and other RNA viruses. A medicinal chemistry campaign initiated from QL47, a previously reported covalent BTK inhibitor, to derive YKL-04-085, which is devoid of any kinase activity when screened against a panel of 468 kinases and with improved pharmacokinetic properties. Both QL47 and YKL-04-085 are potent inhibitors of viral translation and exhibit cellular antiviral activity at 35-fold lower concentrations relative to inhibition of host-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanke Liang
- Department
of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Departments of Biological Chemistry & Molecular
Pharmacology and Microbiology and
Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Melissanne de Wispelaere
- Departments of Biological Chemistry & Molecular
Pharmacology and Microbiology and
Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Margot Carocci
- Departments of Biological Chemistry & Molecular
Pharmacology and Microbiology and
Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Department
of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Departments of Biological Chemistry & Molecular
Pharmacology and Microbiology and
Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department
of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Departments of Biological Chemistry & Molecular
Pharmacology and Microbiology and
Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Priscilla L. Yang
- Departments of Biological Chemistry & Molecular
Pharmacology and Microbiology and
Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department
of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Departments of Biological Chemistry & Molecular
Pharmacology and Microbiology and
Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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45
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Dubey KD, Tiwari G, Ojha RP. Targeting domain-III hinging of dengue envelope (DENV-2) protein by MD simulations, docking and free energy calculations. J Mol Model 2017; 23:102. [PMID: 28255859 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The entry of the dengue virus is mediated by the conformational change in the envelope protein due to change in the endosomal pH. The structural study reveals that domain-III of the dengue envelope protein (DENV) shows the largest shift in its position during the entry of the virus. Therefore, targeting the hinge region of the domain-III may block the conformational changes in the DENV. In the present work, we have targeted the domain I/III hinge region using four known ligands used for the dengue envelope protein (serotype-2) and have intended to explore the specificity of one ligand R1 (5-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-(2-phenyl-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-6-yl)furan-2-carboxamide) that succeeded the dengue inhibition by the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in conjunction of the molecular docking and the binding free energy calculations. The residue interactions map shows Lys 296 of domain-III of the DENV-2, which might be responsible for binding small molecules between domain I/III interface, as an important residue conserved in all the dengue serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshatresh Dutta Dubey
- Biophysics Unit, Department of Physics, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India.
| | - Gargi Tiwari
- Biophysics Unit, Department of Physics, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad Ojha
- Biophysics Unit, Department of Physics, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India
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46
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AR-12 suppresses dengue virus replication by down-regulation of PI3K/AKT and GRP78. Antiviral Res 2017; 142:158-168. [PMID: 28238876 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection has become a public health issue of worldwide concern and is a serious health problem in Taiwan, yet there are no approved effective antiviral drugs to treat DENV. The replication of DENV requires both viral and cellular factors. Targeting host factors may provide a potential antiviral strategy. It has been known that up-regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling and GRP78 by DENV infection supports its replication. AR-12, a celecoxib derivative with no inhibiting activity on cyclooxygenase, shows potent inhibitory activities on both PI3K/AKT signaling and GRP78 expression levels, and recently has been found to block the replication of several hemorrhagic fever viruses. However the efficacy of AR-12 in treating DENV infection is still unclear. Here, we provide evidence to show that AR-12 is able to suppress DENV replication before or after virus infection in cell culture and mice. The antiviral activities of AR-12 are positive against infection of the four different DENV serotypes. AR-12 significantly down-regulates the PI3K/AKT activity and GRP78 expression in DENV infected cells whereas AKT and GRP78 rescue are able to attenuate anti-DENV effect of AR-12. Using a DENV-infected suckling mice model, we further demonstrate that treatment of AR-12 before or after DENV infection reduces virus replication and mice mortality. In conclusion, we uncover the potential efficacy of AR-12 as a novel drug for treating dengue.
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Rausch K, Hackett BA, Weinbren NL, Reeder SM, Sadovsky Y, Hunter CA, Schultz DC, Coyne CB, Cherry S. Screening Bioactives Reveals Nanchangmycin as a Broad Spectrum Antiviral Active against Zika Virus. Cell Rep 2017; 18:804-815. [PMID: 28099856 PMCID: PMC5270376 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus is an emerging arthropod-borne flavivirus for which there are no vaccines or specific therapeutics. We screened a library of 2,000 bioactive compounds for their ability to block Zika virus infection in three distinct cell types with two different strains of Zika virus. Using a microscopy-based assay, we validated 38 drugs that inhibited Zika virus infection, including FDA-approved nucleoside analogs. Cells expressing high levels of the attachment factor AXL can be protected from infection with receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, while placental-derived cells that lack AXL expression are insensitive to this inhibition. Importantly, we identified nanchangmycin as a potent inhibitor of Zika virus entry across all cell types tested, including physiologically relevant primary cells. Nanchangmycin also was active against other medically relevant viruses, including West Nile, dengue, and chikungunya viruses that use a similar route of entry. This study provides a resource of small molecules to study Zika virus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Rausch
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brent A Hackett
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathan L Weinbren
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sophia M Reeder
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 19104, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David C Schultz
- High-Throughput Screening Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carolyn B Coyne
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 19104, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Tyrosine kinase/phosphatase inhibitors decrease dengue virus production in HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:58-63. [PMID: 28065855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus is the causative agent of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. High rates of dengue virus replication and virion production are related to disease severity. To identify anti-DENV compounds, we performed cell-based ELISA testing to detect the level of DENV E protein expression. Among a total of 83 inhibitors, eight were identified as inhibitors with antiviral activity. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor II (EGFR/ErbB-2/ErbB-4 inhibitor II) and protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor IV (PTP inhibitor IV) significantly inhibited dengue virus production and demonstrated low toxicity in hepatocyte cell lines. Our results suggest the efficacy of tyrosine kinase/phosphatase inhibitors in decreasing dengue virus production in HepG2 cells.
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de Wispelaere M, Carocci M, Liang Y, Liu Q, Sun E, Vetter ML, Wang J, Gray NS, Yang PL. Discovery of host-targeted covalent inhibitors of dengue virus. Antiviral Res 2016; 139:171-179. [PMID: 28034743 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We report here on an approach targeting the host reactive cysteinome to identify inhibitors of host factors required for the infectious cycle of Flaviviruses and other viruses. We used two parallel cellular phenotypic screens to identify a series of covalent inhibitors, exemplified by QL-XII-47, that are active against dengue virus. We show that the compounds effectively block viral protein expression and that this inhibition is associated with repression of downstream processes of the infectious cycle, and thus significantly contributes to the potent antiviral activity of these compounds. We demonstrate that QL-XII-47's antiviral activity requires selective, covalent modification of a host target by showing that the compound's antiviral activity is recapitulated when cells are preincubated with QL-XII-47 and then washed prior to viral infection and by showing that QL-XII-47R, a non-reactive analog, lacks antiviral activity at concentrations more than 20-fold higher than QL-XII-47's IC90. QL-XII-47's inhibition of Zika virus, West Nile virus, hepatitis C virus, and poliovirus further suggests that it acts via a target mediating inhibition of these other medically relevant viruses. These results demonstrate the utility of screens targeting the host reactive cysteinome for rapid identification of compounds with potent antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margot Carocci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yanke Liang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eileen Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael L Vetter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Priscilla L Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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N-Desmethylclozapine, Fluoxetine, and Salmeterol Inhibit Postentry Stages of the Dengue Virus Life Cycle. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:6709-6718. [PMID: 27572397 PMCID: PMC5075077 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01367-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 10,000 people die each year due to severe dengue disease, and two-thirds of the world population lives in a region where dengue disease is endemic. There has been remarkable progress in dengue virus vaccine development; however, there are no licensed antivirals for dengue disease, and none appear to be in clinical trials. We took the approach of repositioning approved drugs for anti-dengue virus activity by screening a library of pharmacologically active compounds. We identified N-desmethylclozapine, fluoxetine hydrochloride, and salmeterol xinafoate as dengue virus inhibitors based on reductions in the numbers of infected cells and viral titers. Dengue virus RNA levels were diminished in inhibitor-treated cells, and this effect was specific to dengue virus, as other flaviviruses, such as Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus, or other RNA viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus and rotavirus, were not affected by these inhibitors. All three inhibitors specifically inhibited dengue virus replication with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) in the high-nanomolar range. Estimation of negative-strand RNA intermediates and time-of-addition experiments indicated that inhibition was occurring at a postentry stage, most probably at the initiation of viral RNA replication. Finally, we show that inhibition is most likely due to the modulation of the endolysosomal pathway and induction of autophagy.
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