1
|
Jancewicz I, Śmiech M, Winiarska M, Zagozdzon R, Wisniewski P. New CEACAM-targeting 2A3 single-domain antibody-based chimeric antigen receptor T-cells produce anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:30. [PMID: 38279989 PMCID: PMC10821984 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Recently, a breakthrough immunotherapeutic strategy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells has been introduced to hematooncology. However, to apply this novel treatment in solid cancers, one must identify suitable molecular targets in the tumors of choice. CEACAM family proteins are involved in the progression of a range of malignancies, including pancreatic and breast cancers, and pose attractive targets for anticancer therapies. In this work, we used a new CEACAM-targeted 2A3 single-domain antibody-based chimeric antigen receptor T-cells to evaluate their antitumor properties in vitro and in animal models. Originally, 2A3 antibody was reported to target CEACAM6 molecule; however, our in vitro co-incubation experiments showed activation and high cytotoxicity of 2A3-CAR T-cells against CEACAM5 and/or CEACAM6 high human cell lines, suggesting cross-reactivity of this antibody. Moreover, 2A3-CAR T-cells tested in vivo in the BxPC-3 xenograft model demonstrated high efficacy against pancreatic cancer xenografts in both early and late intervention treatment regimens. Our results for the first time show an enhanced targeting toward CEACAM5 and CEACAM6 molecules by the new 2A3 sdAb-based CAR T-cells. The results strongly support the further development of 2A3-CAR T-cells as a potential treatment strategy against CEACAM5/6-overexpressing cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iga Jancewicz
- 4Cell Therapies S.A., 59C Bojkowska Street, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Śmiech
- 4Cell Therapies S.A., 59C Bojkowska Street, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- 4Cell Therapies S.A., 59C Bojkowska Street, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Nielubowicza St., Building F, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Zagozdzon
- 4Cell Therapies S.A., 59C Bojkowska Street, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
- Laboratory of Cellular and Genetic Therapies, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 5 Roentgena Street, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Pawel Wisniewski
- 4Cell Therapies S.A., 59C Bojkowska Street, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pouzin C, Gibiansky L, Fagniez N, Chadjaa M, Tod M, Nguyen L. Integrated multiple analytes and semi-mechanistic population pharmacokinetic model of tusamitamab ravtansine, a DM4 anti-CEACAM5 antibody-drug conjugate. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2022; 49:381-394. [PMID: 35166967 PMCID: PMC9098589 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-021-09799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tusamitamab ravtansine (SAR408701) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), combining a humanized monoclonal antibody (IgG1) targeting carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) and a potent cytotoxic maytansinoid derivative, DM4, inhibiting microtubule assembly. SAR408701 is currently in clinical development for the treatment of advanced solid tumors expressing CEACAM5. It is administered intravenously as a conjugated antibody with an average Drug Antibody Ratio (DAR) of 3.8. During SAR408701 clinical development, four entities were measured in plasma: conjugated antibody (SAR408701), naked antibody (NAB), DM4 and its methylated metabolite (MeDM4), both being active. Average DAR and proportions of individual DAR species were also assessed in a subset of patients. An integrated and semi-mechanistic population pharmacokinetic model describing the time-course of all entities in plasma and DAR measurements has been developed. All DAR moieties were assumed to share the same drug disposition parameters, excepted for clearance which differed for DAR0 (i.e. NAB entity). The conversion of higher DAR to lower DAR resulted in a DAR-dependent ADC deconjugation and was represented as an irreversible first-order process. Each conjugated antibody was assumed to contribute to DM4 formation. All data were fitted simultaneously and the model developed was successful in describing the pharmacokinetic profile of each entity. Such a structural model could be translated to other ADCs and gives insight of mechanistic processes governing ADC disposition. This framework will further be expanded to evaluate covariates impact on SAR408701 pharmacokinetics and its derivatives, and thus can help identifying sources of pharmacokinetic variability and potential efficacy and safety pharmacokinetic drivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clemence Pouzin
- Sanofi R&D, Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism Department, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, 91380, Paris, France.
- Oncology department EMR3738, PKPD modelling unit, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | | | - Nathalie Fagniez
- Sanofi R&D, Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism Department, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, 91380, Paris, France
| | | | - Michel Tod
- Oncology department EMR3738, PKPD modelling unit, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- Sanofi R&D, Pharmacokinetics Dynamics and Metabolism Department, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, 91380, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Z, Fu X, Huang J, Zeng P, Huang Y, Chen X, Liang C. Advances in Screening and Development of Therapeutic Aptamers Against Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:662791. [PMID: 34095130 PMCID: PMC8170048 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become the leading cause of death in recent years. As great advances in medical treatment, emerging therapies of various cancers have been developed. Current treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Aptamers are synthetic ssDNA or RNA. They can bind tightly to target molecules due to their unique tertiary structure. It is easy for aptamers to be screened, synthesized, programmed, and chemically modified. Aptamers are emerging targeted drugs that hold great potentials, called therapeutic aptamers. There are few types of therapeutic aptamers that have already been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for disease treatment. Now more and more therapeutic aptamers are in the stage of preclinical research or clinical trials. This review summarized the screening and development of therapeutic aptamers against different types of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuekun Fu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyuan Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang X, Han X, Zuo P, Zhang X, Xu H. CEACAM5 stimulates the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer by promoting cell proliferation and migration. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520959478. [PMID: 32993395 PMCID: PMC7536504 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520959478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To detect the expression of CEA-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) in
non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explore its function in the
progression and development of NSCLC. Methods qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect CEACAM5 expression
in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines. The correlation between CEACAM5
expression and the clinicopathological features of patients with NSCLC was
also investigated. MTT, colony formation, wound healing, and immunoblot
assays were performed to detect the functions of CEACAM5 in NSCLC cells
in vitro, and immunoblotting was used to detect the
effects of CEACAM5 on p38–Smad2/3 signaling. Results CEACAM5 expression was elevated in human NSCLC tissues and cells. We further
found that CEACAM expression was correlated with clinicopathological
features including T division, lymph invasion, and histological grade in
patients with NSCLC. The in vitro assays confirmed that
CEACAM5 depletion inhibited the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells
by activating p38–Smad2/3 signaling. We verified the involvement of CEACAM5
in the suppression of NSCLC tumor growth in mice. Conclusion CEACAM5 stimulated the progression of NSCLC by promoting cell proliferation
and migration in vitro and in vivo.
CEACAM5 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of
NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xingbao Han
- Department of Urology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Pengli Zuo
- Central Laboratory, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Lab, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Hongbang Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tan RPA, Leshchyns'ka I, Sytnyk V. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Immunoglobulin Superfamily Cell Adhesion Molecules and Their Role in Neuronal Development and Synapse Regulation. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:378. [PMID: 29249937 PMCID: PMC5715320 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are cell surface glycoproteins that not only mediate interactions between neurons but also between neurons and other cells in the nervous system. While typical IgSF CAMs are transmembrane molecules, this superfamily also includes CAMs, which do not possess transmembrane and intracellular domains and are instead attached to the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. In this review, we focus on the role GPI-anchored IgSF CAMs have as signal transducers and ligands in neurons, and discuss their functions in regulation of neuronal development, synapse formation, synaptic plasticity, learning, and behavior. We also review the links between GPI-anchored IgSF CAMs and brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui P A Tan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Roles of Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Liver Metastasis and Therapeutic Approaches. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:7521987. [PMID: 28588612 PMCID: PMC5447280 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7521987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a highly complicated and sequential process in which primary cancer spreads to secondary organic sites. Liver is a well-known metastatic organ from colorectal cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is expressed in most gastrointestinal, breast, and lung cancer cells. Overexpression of CEA is closely associated with liver metastasis, which is the main cause of death from colorectal cancer. CEA is widely used as a diagnostic and prognostic tumor marker in cancer patients. It affects many steps of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer cells. CEA inhibits circulating cancer cell death. CEA also binds to heterogeneous nuclear RNA binding protein M4 (hnRNP M4), a Kupffer cell receptor protein, and activates Kupffer cells to secrete various cytokines that change the microenvironments for the survival of colorectal cancer cells in the liver. CEA also activates cell adhesion-related molecules. The close correlation between CEA and cancer has spurred the exploration of many CEA-targeted approaches as anticancer therapeutics. Understanding the detailed functions and mechanisms of CEA in liver metastasis will provide great opportunities for the improvement of anticancer approaches against colorectal cancers. In this report, the roles of CEA in liver metastasis and CEA-targeting anticancer modalities are reviewed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhuo Y, Yang JY, Moremen KW, Prestegard JH. Glycosylation Alters Dimerization Properties of a Cell-surface Signaling Protein, Carcinoembryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CEACAM1). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20085-95. [PMID: 27471271 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.740050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (C?/Au: EACAM1) is a cell-surface signaling molecule involved in cell adhesion, proliferation, and immune response. It is also implicated in cancer angiogenesis, progression, and metastasis. This diverse set of effects likely arises as a result of the numerous homophilic and heterophilic interactions that CEACAM1 can have with itself and other molecules. Its N-terminal Ig variable (IgV) domain has been suggested to be a principal player in these interactions. Previous crystal structures of the β-sandwich-like IgV domain have been produced using Escherichia coli-expressed material, which lacks native glycosylation. These have led to distinctly different proposals for dimer interfaces, one involving interactions of ABED β-strands and the other involving GFCC'C″ β-strands, with the former burying one prominent glycosylation site. These structures raise questions as to which form may exist in solution and what the effect of glycosylation may have on this form. Here, we use NMR cross-correlation measurements to examine the effect of glycosylation on CEACAM1-IgV dimerization and use residual dipolar coupling (RDC) measurements to characterize the solution structure of the non-glycosylated form. Our findings demonstrate that even addition of a single N-linked GlcNAc at potential glycosylation sites inhibits dimer formation. Surprisingly, RDC data collected on E. coli expressed material in solution indicate that a dimer using the non-glycosylated GFCC'C″ interface is preferred even in the absence of glycosylation. The results open new questions about what other factors may facilitate dimerization of CEACAM1 in vivo, and what roles glycosylation may play in heterophylic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Zhuo
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - James H Prestegard
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bonsor DA, Beckett D, Sundberg EJ. Structure of the N-terminal dimerization domain of CEACAM7. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2015; 71:1169-75. [PMID: 26323304 PMCID: PMC4555925 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15013576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CEACAM7 is a human cellular adhesion protein that is expressed on the surface of colon and rectum epithelial cells and is downregulated in colorectal cancers. It achieves cell adhesion through dimerization of the N-terminal IgV domain. The crystal structure of the N-terminal dimerization domain of CEACAM has been determined at 1.47 Å resolution. The overall fold of CEACAM7 is similar to those of CEACAM1 and CEACAM5; however, there are differences, the most notable of which is an insertion that causes the C'' strand to buckle, leading to the creation of a hydrogen bond in the dimerization interface. The Kdimerization for CEACAM7 determined by sedimentation equilibrium is tenfold tighter than that measured for CEACAM5. These findings suggest that the dimerization affinities of CEACAMs are modulated via sequence variation in the dimerization surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Bonsor
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dorothy Beckett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, Baltimore, MD 20742, USA
| | - Eric J. Sundberg
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pavlopoulou A, Scorilas A. A comprehensive phylogenetic and structural analysis of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:1314-26. [PMID: 24858421 PMCID: PMC4079198 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family belongs to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and codes for a vast number of glycoproteins that differ greatly both in amino acid composition and function. The CEA family is divided into two groups, the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) and the pregnancy-specific glycoproteins. The CEA family members are implicated in pleiotropic (patho)physiological functions including cell-cell adhesion, pregnancy, immunity, neovascularization, regulation of insulin homeostasis, and carcinogenesis. In general, the CEA-encoded proteins are composed of an extracellular region with Ig variable and constant-like domains and a cytoplasmic region containing signaling motifs. Of particular interest, the well-studied human and mouse CEA genes are arranged in clusters in a single chromosome. Taking into account this characteristic, we made an effort to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the CEA gene family. Toward this end, the publicly available genomes were searched extensively for CEA homologs. The domain organization of the retrieved protein sequences was analyzed, and, subsequently, comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of the entire length CEA homologous proteins were performed. A series of evolutionarily conserved amino acid residues, functionally important, were identified. The relative positioning of these residues on the modeled tertiary structure of novel CEA protein domains revealed that they are, also, spatially conserved. Furthermore, the chromosomal arrangement of CEA genes was examined, and it was found that the CEA genes are preserved in terms of position, transcriptional orientation, and number in all species under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abdul-Wahid A, Huang EHB, Cydzik M, Bolewska-Pedyczak E, Gariépy J. The carcinoembryonic antigen IgV-like N domain plays a critical role in the implantation of metastatic tumor cells. Mol Oncol 2013; 8:337-50. [PMID: 24388361 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a cell adhesion molecule involved in both homotypic and heterotypic interactions. The aberrant overexpression of CEA on adenocarcinoma cells correlates with their increased metastatic potential. Yet, the mechanism(s) by which its adhesive properties can lead to the implantation of circulating tumor cells and expansion of metastatic foci remains to be established. In this study, we demonstrate that the IgV-like N terminal domain of CEA directly participates in the implantation of cancer cells through its homotypic and heterotypic binding properties. Specifically, we determined that the recombinant N terminal domain of CEA directly binds to fibronectin (Fn) with a dissociation constant in the nanomolar range (K(D) 16 ± 3 nM) and interacts with itself (K(D) 100 ± 17 nM) and more tightly to the IgC-like A(3) domain (K(D) 18 ± 3 nM). Disruption of these molecular associations through the addition of antibodies specific to the CEA N or A(3)B(3) domains, or by adding soluble recombinant forms of the CEA N, A(3) or A(3)B(3) domains or a peptide corresponding to residues 108-115 of CEA resulted in the inhibition of CEA-mediated intercellular aggregation and adherence events in vitro. Finally, pretreating CEA-expressing murine colonic carcinoma cells (MC38.CEA) with rCEA N, A3 or A(3)B(3) modules blocked their implantation and the establishment of tumor foci in vivo. Together, these results suggest a new mechanistic insight into how the CEA IgV-like N domain participates in cellular events that can have a macroscopic impact in terms of cancer progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aws Abdul-Wahid
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric H-B Huang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
| | - Marzena Cydzik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jean Gariépy
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Phase I trial of a recombinant yeast-CEA vaccine (GI-6207) in adults with metastatic CEA-expressing carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 63:225-34. [PMID: 24327292 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Yeast-CEA (GI-6207) is a therapeutic cancer vaccine genetically modified to express recombinant carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) protein, using heat-killed yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a vector. In preclinical studies, yeast-CEA induced a strong immune response to CEA and antitumor responses. Patients received subcutaneous vaccines every 2 weeks for 3 months and then monthly. Patients were enrolled at 3 sequential dose levels: 4, 16, and 40 yeast units (10(7) yeast particles/unit). Eligible patients were required to have serum CEA > 5 ng/mL or > 20 % CEA(+) tumor block, ECOG PS 0-2, and no history of autoimmunity. Restaging scans were performed at 3 months and then bimonthly. Peripheral blood was collected for the analysis of immune response (e.g., by ELISPOT assay). Twenty-five patients with metastatic CEA-expressing carcinomas were enrolled. Median patient age was 52 (range 39-81). A total of 135 vaccines were administered. The vaccine was well tolerated, and the most common adverse event was grade 1/2 injection-site reaction. Five patients had stable disease beyond 3 months (range 3.5-18 months), and each had CEA stabilization while on-study. Some patients showed evidence post-vaccination of increases in antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells and CD4(+) T lymphocytes and decreases in regulatory T cells. Of note, a patient with medullary thyroid cancer had substantial T cell responses and a vigorous inflammatory reaction at sites of metastatic disease. Yeast-CEA vaccination had minimal toxicity and induced some antigen-specific T cell responses and CEA stabilization in a heterogeneous, heavily pre-treated patient population. Further studies are required to determine the clinical benefit of yeast-CEA vaccination.
Collapse
|
12
|
Orava EW, Abdul-Wahid A, Huang EHB, Mallick AI, Gariépy J. Blocking the attachment of cancer cells in vivo with DNA aptamers displaying anti-adhesive properties against the carcinoembryonic antigen. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:799-811. [PMID: 23656757 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of metastatic foci occurs through a series of cellular events, initiated by the attachment and aggregation of cancer cells leading to the establishment of micrometastases. We report the derivation of synthetic DNA aptamers bearing anti-adhesive properties directed at cancer cells expressing the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Two DNA aptamers targeting the homotypic and heterotypic IgV-like binding domain of CEA were shown to block the cell adhesion properties of CEA, while not recognizing other IgV-like domains of CEACAM family members that share strong sequence and structural homologies. More importantly, the pre-treatment of CEA-expressing tumour cells with these aptamers prior to their intraperitoneal implantation resulted in the prevention of peritoneal tumour foci formation. Taken together, these results highlight the effectiveness of targeting the cell adhesion properties of cancer cells with aptamers in preventing tumour implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik W Orava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zheng C, Feng J, Lu D, Wang P, Xing S, Coll JL, Yang D, Yan X. A novel anti-CEACAM5 monoclonal antibody, CC4, suppresses colorectal tumor growth and enhances NK cells-mediated tumor immunity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21146. [PMID: 21731662 PMCID: PMC3120848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA, CEACAM5, and CD66e) has been found to be associated with various types of cancers, particularly colorectal carcinoma, and developed to be a molecular target for cancer diagnosis and therapy. In present study, we generated a novel anti-CEACAM5 monoclonal antibody, namely mAb CC4, by immunizing mice with living colorectal cancer LS174T cells. Immunohistochemical studies found that mAb CC4 specifically and strongly binds to tumor tissues, especially colorectal adenocarcinoma. In xenografted mice, mAb CC4 is specifically accumulated in tumor site and remarkably represses colorectal tumor growth. In vitro functional analysis showed that mAb CC4 significantly suppresses cell proliferation, migration and aggregation of colorectal cancer cells and also raises strong ADCC reaction. More interestingly, mAb CC4 is able to enhance NK cytotoxicity against MHC-I-deficient colorectal cancer cells by blocking intercellular interaction between epithelial CEACAM5 and NK inhibitory receptor CEACAM1. These data suggest that mAb CC4 has the potential to be developed as a novel tumor-targeting carrier and cancer therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaogu Zheng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Feng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XY); (JF)
| | - Di Lu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Xing
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Cancer du Poumon, Equipe INSERM 9924, Institut Albert Bonniot, Grenoble, France
| | - Dongling Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XY); (JF)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chan C, Stanners C. Recent advances in the tumour biology of the GPI-anchored carcinoembryonic antigen family members CEACAM5 and CEACAM6. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 14:70-3. [PMID: 17576469 PMCID: PMC1891201 DOI: 10.3747/co.2007.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C.P. Stanners
- Correspondence to: Clifford P. Stanners, McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Korotkova N, Yang Y, Le Trong I, Cota E, Demeler B, Marchant J, Thomas WE, Stenkamp RE, Moseley SL, Matthews S. Binding of Dr adhesins of Escherichia coli to carcinoembryonic antigen triggers receptor dissociation. Mol Microbiol 2007; 67:420-34. [PMID: 18086185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.06054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) are host receptors for the Dr family of adhesins of Escherichia coli. To define the mechanism for binding of Dr adhesins to CEACAM receptors, we carried out structural studies on the N-terminal domain of CEA and its complex with the Dr adhesin. The crystal structure of CEA reveals a dimer similar to other dimers formed by receptors with IgV-like domains. The structure of the CEA/Dr adhesin complex is proposed based on NMR spectroscopy and mutagenesis data in combination with biochemical characterization. The Dr adhesin/CEA interface overlaps appreciably with the region responsible for CEA dimerization. Binding kinetics, mutational analysis and spectroscopic examination of CEA dimers suggest that Dr adhesins can dissociate CEA dimers prior to the binding of monomeric forms. Our conclusions include a plausible mechanism for how E. coli, and perhaps other bacterial and viral pathogens, exploit CEACAMs. The present structure of the complex provides a powerful tool for the design of novel inhibitory strategies to treat E. coli infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Korotkova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7242, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kuespert K, Pils S, Hauck CR. CEACAMs: their role in physiology and pathophysiology. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2006; 18:565-71. [PMID: 16919437 PMCID: PMC7127089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2006.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) belong to a group of mammalian immunoglobulin-related glycoproteins. They are involved in cell–cell recognition and modulate cellular processes that range from the shaping of tissue architecture and neovascularization to the regulation of insulin homeostasis and T-cell proliferation. CEACAMs have also been identified as receptors for host-specific viruses and bacteria in mice and humans, respectively, making these proteins an interesting example of pathogen–host co-evolution. Forward and reverse genetics in the mouse now provide powerful novel models to elucidate the action of CEACAM family members in vivo.
Collapse
|
17
|
Korotkova N, Cota E, Lebedin Y, Monpouet S, Guignot J, Servin AL, Matthews S, Moseley SL. A subfamily of Dr adhesins of Escherichia coli bind independently to decay-accelerating factor and the N-domain of carcinoembryonic antigen. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:29120-30. [PMID: 16882658 PMCID: PMC2629542 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605681200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli expressing the Dr family of adhesins adheres to epithelial cells by binding to decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-related cell surface proteins. The attachment of bacteria expressing Dr adhesins to DAF induces clustering of DAF around bacterial cells and also recruitment of CEA-related cell adhesion molecules. CEA, CEACAM1, and CEACAM6 have been shown to serve as receptors for some Dr adhesins (AfaE-I, AfaE-III, DraE, and DaaE). We demonstrate that AfaE-I, AfaE-V, DraE, and DaaE adhesins bind to the N-domain of CEA. To identify the residues involved in the N-CEA/DraE interaction, we performed SPR binding analyses of naturally occurring variants and a number of randomly generated mutants in DraE and N-CEA. Additionally, we used chemical shift mapping by NMR to determine the surface of DraE involved in N-CEA binding. These results show a distinct CEA binding site located primarily in the A, B, E, and D strands of the Dr adhesin. Interestingly, this site is located opposite to the beta-sheet encompassing the previously determined binding site for DAF, which implies that the adhesin can bind simultaneously to both receptors on the epithelial cell surface. The recognition of CEACAMs from a highly diverse DrCEA subfamily of Dr adhesins indicates that interaction with these receptors plays an important role in niche adaptation of E. coli strains expressing Dr adhesins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Korotkova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7242, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
McLellan AS, Zimmermann W, Moore T. Conservation of pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG) N domains following independent expansions of the gene families in rodents and primates. BMC Evol Biol 2005; 5:39. [PMID: 15987510 PMCID: PMC1185527 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-5-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rodent and primate pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG) gene families have expanded independently from a common ancestor and are expressed virtually exclusively in placental trophoblasts. However, within each species, it is unknown whether multiple paralogs have been selected for diversification of function, or for increased dosage of monofunctional PSG. We analysed the evolution of the mouse PSG sequences, and compared them to rat, human and baboon PSGs to attempt to understand the evolution of this complex gene family. Results Phylogenetic tree analyses indicate that the primate N domains and the rodent N1 domains exhibit a higher degree of conservation than that observed in a comparison of the mouse N1 and N2 domains, or mouse N1 and N3 domains. Compared to human and baboon PSG N domain exons, mouse and rat PSG N domain exons have undergone less sequence homogenisation. The high non-synonymous substitution rates observed in the CFG face of the mouse N1 domain, within a context of overall conservation, suggests divergence of function of mouse PSGs. The rat PSG family appears to have undergone less expansion than the mouse, exhibits lower divergence rates and increased sequence homogenisation in the CFG face of the N1 domain. In contrast to most primate PSG N domains, rodent PSG N1 domains do not contain an RGD tri-peptide motif, but do contain RGD-like sequences, which are not conserved in rodent N2 and N3 domains. Conclusion Relative conservation of primate N domains and rodent N1 domains suggests that, despite independent gene family expansions and structural diversification, mouse and human PSGs retain conserved functions. Human PSG gene family expansion and homogenisation suggests that evolution occurred in a concerted manner that maintains similar functions of PSGs, whilst increasing gene dosage of the family as a whole. In the mouse, gene family expansion, coupled with local diversification of the CFG face, suggests selection both for increased gene dosage and diversification of function. Partial conservation of RGD and RGD-like tri-peptides in primate and rodent N and N1 domains, respectively, supports a role for these motifs in PSG function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S McLellan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Wolfgang Zimmermann
- Tumor Immunology Group, LIFE Center, University Clinic Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Muenchen, Marchioninistrasse 23, D-81377 Muenchen, Germany
| | - Tom Moore
- Department of Biochemistry, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Markel G, Gruda R, Achdout H, Katz G, Nechama M, Blumberg RS, Kammerer R, Zimmermann W, Mandelboim O. The Critical Role of Residues 43R and 44Q of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Cell Adhesion Molecules-1 in the Protection from Killing by Human NK Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:3732-9. [PMID: 15356119 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional carcinoembryonic Ag cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM)1 protein has recently become the focus of intense immunological research. We have previously shown that the CEACAM1 homophilic interactions inhibit the killing activity of NK cells. This novel inhibitory mechanism plays a key role in melanoma immune evasion, inhibition of decidual immune response, and controlling NK autoreactivity in TAP2-deficient patients. These roles are mediated mainly by homophilic interactions, which are mediated through the N-domain of the CEACAM1. The N-domain of the various members of the CEACAM family shares a high degree of similarity. However, it is still unclear which of the CEACAM family members is able to interact with CEACAM1 and what are the amino acid residues that control this interaction. In this study we demonstrate that CEACAM1 interacts with CEACAM5, but not with CEACAM6. Importantly, we provide the molecular basis for CEACAM1 recognition of various CEACAM family members. Sequence alignment reveals a dichotomy among the CEACAM family members: both CEACAM1 and CEACAM5 contain the R and Q residues in positions 43 and 44, respectively, whereas CEACAM3 and CEACAM6 contain the S and L residues, respectively. Mutational analysis revealed that both 43R and 44Q residues are necessary for CEACAM1 interactions. Implications for differential expression of CEACAM family members in tumors are discussed.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acid Substitution/genetics
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation/physiology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/physiology
- Arginine/genetics
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Epitopes/physiology
- GPI-Linked Proteins
- Glutamine/genetics
- Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/metabolism
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Leucine/genetics
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Serine/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gal Markel
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tan K, Zelus BD, Meijers R, Liu JH, Bergelson JM, Duke N, Zhang R, Joachimiak A, Holmes KV, Wang JH. Crystal structure of murine sCEACAM1a[1,4]: a coronavirus receptor in the CEA family. EMBO J 2002; 21:2076-86. [PMID: 11980704 PMCID: PMC125375 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/21.9.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CEACAM1 is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family. Isoforms of murine CEACAM1 serve as receptors for mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a murine coronavirus. Here we report the crystal structure of soluble murine sCEACAM1a[1,4], which is composed of two Ig-like domains and has MHV neutralizing activity. Its N-terminal domain has a uniquely folded CC' loop that encompasses key virus-binding residues. This is the first atomic structure of any member of the CEA family, and provides a prototypic architecture for functional exploration of CEA family members. We discuss the structural basis of virus receptor activities of murine CEACAM1 proteins, binding of Neisseria to human CEACAM1, and other homophilic and heterophilic interactions of CEA family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Tan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Bruce D. Zelus
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Rob Meijers
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Jin-huan Liu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Jeffrey M. Bergelson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Norma Duke
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Kathryn V. Holmes
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| | - Jia-huai Wang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Corresponding authors e-mail: or
K.Tan, B.D.Zelus and R.Meijers contributed equally to this work
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Berinstein NL. Carcinoembryonic antigen as a target for therapeutic anticancer vaccines: a review. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:2197-207. [PMID: 11956282 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2002.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the features of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) that are important for its use in vaccination approaches and review the clinical experience with therapeutic vaccines targeting CEA. METHODS A PubMed search was performed on CEA, along with various qualifiers such as cancer vaccines, epitopes, and function. Relevant articles were reviewed. RESULTS CEA is a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family and may play a role in tumorigenesis. CEA protein is processed and presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins for multiple alleles, including HLA A2, A3, and A24. T lymphocytes from healthy volunteers and cancer patients can recognize the processed epitopes of CEA and can become activated to lyse CEA-expressing tumors. Therapeutic vaccination approaches that have targeted CEA include vaccination with recombinant CEA protein, CEA anti-idiotype antibodies, and dendritic cells pulsed with agonist epitopes of CEA. Humoral responses have predominantly been induced with the first two approaches, whereas CD4 and CD8 responses, disease stabilization, and even objective clinical responses have been seen with the dendritic cell approach. Recently, CEA-poxvirus vectors encoding CEA and costimulatory molecules such as B7.1 have been shown to be safe and to induce increases in the frequency of T-cell precursors that recognize processed epitopes of CEA presented on MHC class 1 molecules. Disease stabilization has been seen in up to 37% of patients treated with these vaccines. CONCLUSION Tolerance to CEA in patients with cancer can be overcome with several different vaccination approaches, and such vaccinations are safe and immunologically active. Poxvirus-based vaccines can reproducibly generate T-cell responses to CEA and to tumors expressing CEA. Clinical activity has been seen with poxvirus or dendritic cell approaches. Other approaches are also being explored.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sun K, Jin BQ, Feng Q, Zhu Y, Yang K, Liu XS, Dong BQ. Identification of CD226 ligand on colo205 cell surface. World J Gastroenterol 2002; 8:108-13. [PMID: 11833083 PMCID: PMC4656598 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v8.i1.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To confirm the existence of CD226 ligand and its distribution, which is a novel molecule that was cloned in 1996.
METHODS: The mRNA was extracted from TPA activated Jurkat cells and used as a template for reverse-transcription. After PCR amplification, the fragment including CD226 extracellular region and the splice donor sequence “ACTTACCTGT” was obtained and cloned into fusion expression vector pIG. The recombinant vector pCD226/Ig was transfected in COS-7 cells by DEAE-Dextran method, the secreting fusion protein was identified by Sandwich ELISA, and was purified by anti-CD226 affinity chromatography. This fusion protein was used as a probe in the investigation of CD226 ligand by immunohistochemistry. Existence of CD226 ligand was further identified by adhesion experiment.
RESULTS: Expression of a secreting fusion protein was identified by sandwich ELISA, indicating that both CD226 extracellular domain and IgGFc domain could be recognized respectively by anti-CD226 and anti-hIgFc mAb. About 130 μg CD226/Ig fusion protein could be obtained from 100 mL COS-7 culture supernatants by anti-CD226 affinity chromatography purification. SDS-PAGE showed that this fusion protein has a molecular mass of 83 ku. It was confirmed by immunohistochemistry that CD226 ligand expressed on the Colo205 cells, but not on Jurkat cell, U937 cell and mixed lymphocyte culture cells. In adhesive assay, resting Jurkat cells did not have significant adhesion to Colo205 cells. In contrast, activated Jurkat cells could bind to colon carcinoma Colo205 cells and this adhesive reaction could be blocked by CD226/Ig fusion protein or anti-CD226 mAb. Immunochemical experiment showed that Colo205 cells could be specifically stained by CD226/Ig, indicating that CD226 ligand exists on the surface of Colo205 cells.
CONCLUSION: Existence of CD226 ligand on the surface of Colo205 cells was identified by immunohistochemistry and adhesion blocking experiment. In addition, the secreting CD226/Ig fusion protein prepared in this study will be a potential tool for further investigation of CD226 ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi province, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Skubitz KM, Campbell KD, Skubitz AP. Synthetic peptides from the N-domains of CEACAMs activate neutrophils. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2001; 58:515-26. [PMID: 12005421 PMCID: PMC7162001 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2001.00931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Four members of the carcinoembryonic antigen family, CEACAM1, CEACAM8, CEACAM6 and CEACAM3, recognized by CD66a, CD66b, CD66c and CD66d monoclonal antibodies (mAb), respectively, are expressed on human neutrophils. CD66a, CD66b, CD66c and CD66d mAb binding to neutrophils triggers an activation signal that regulates the adhesive activity of CD11/CD18, resulting in an increase in neutrophil adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Molecular modeling of CEACAM1 using IgG and CD4 as models has been performed, and three peptides from the N-terminal domain were found to increase neutrophil adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers. The peptides were 14 amino acids in length and were predicted to be present at loops and turns between beta-sheets. To better understand the amino acid sequences critical for this biological activity, in the present study we examined the other neutrophil CEACAMs and the highly homologous CEACAM, CEA. Molecular modeling of the N-terminal domains of human CEACAM8, -6, -3 and CEA was performed. Twenty peptides, each 14 amino acids in length, that were homologous to the previously reported peptides from the N-domains of CEACAM1, were synthesized and tested for their ability to alter neutrophil adhesion. Only one new peptide, from the N-domain of CEA, was found to increase neutrophil adhesion, and this peptide differed from the corresponding CEACAM1 peptide by only a single conservative amino acid substitution. Importantly, minor amino acid differences between active and inactive homologous peptides suggest regions of these peptides that are critical for biological activity. The data suggest that the regions SMPF of peptide CD66a-1, QLFG of peptide CD66a-2 and NRQIV of peptide CD66a-3 are critical for the activities of these peptides, and for the native CEACAMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Skubitz
- Department of Medicine, The University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Screaton RA, DeMarte L, Dráber P, Stanners CP. The specificity for the differentiation blocking activity of carcinoembryonic antigen resides in its glycophosphatidyl-inositol anchor. J Cell Biol 2000; 150:613-26. [PMID: 10931872 PMCID: PMC2175204 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.150.3.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic expression of various members of the human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family of intercellular adhesion molecules in murine myoblasts either blocks (CEA, CEACAM6) or allows (CEACAM1) myogenic differentiation. These surface glycoproteins form a subset of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and are very closely related, but differ in the precise sequence of their external domains and in their mode of anchorage to the cell membrane. CEA and CEACAM6 are glycophosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) anchored, whereas CEACAM1 is transmembrane (TM) anchored. Overexpression of GPI-linked neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) p125, also an adhesion molecule of the Ig superfamily, accelerates myogenic differentiation. The molecular requirements for the myogenic differentiation block were investigated using chimeric constructs in which the COOH-terminal hydrophobic domains of CEA, CEACAM1, and NCAM p125 were exchanged. The presence of the GPI signal sequence specifically from CEA in the chimeras was sufficient to convert both CEACAM1 and NCAM into differentiation-blocking proteins. Conversely, CEA could be converted into a neutral protein by exchanging its GPI anchor for the TM anchor of CEACAM1. Since the external domains of CEA, CEACAM1, and NCAM can all undergo homophilic interactions, and mutations in the self-adhesive domains of CEA abrogate its differentiation-blocking activity, the structural requirements for differentiation-inhibition are any self-adhesive domains attached to the specific GPI anchor derived from CEA. We therefore suggest that biologically significant functional information resides in the processed extreme COOH terminus of CEA and in the GPI anchor that it determines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Screaton
- McGill Cancer Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Luisa DeMarte
- McGill Cancer Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Petr Dráber
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Clifford P. Stanners
- McGill Cancer Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| |
Collapse
|