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Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Akram A, Yasmin I, Sharif HR, Nayik GA, Ramniwas S, Siddiqui SA. Compositional profiling and bioefficacy studies of pulses-supplemented isocaloric designer biscuits for recently diagnosed diabetic individuals. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101305. [PMID: 38559441 PMCID: PMC10978483 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study addresses global concerns about diabetes mellitus by exploring a novel approach to manage hyperglycemia through pulses-supplemented designer biscuits. Control and designer biscuits were prepared with varying proportions of wheat flour and pulses (chickpea, mungbean). The pulses-supplemented biscuits exhibited increased protein content and reduced readily available carbohydrates. Selected designer biscuits, with 12.5 % incorporation of chickpea and mungbean pulse flour, demonstrated significantly lower glycemic index (69.17 ± 5.01) and higher satiety index (122.19 ± 8.85) compared to control biscuits. These showed 13 % less glycemic index and 9 % higher satiety index as compared to control biscuits. A four-week bio-efficacy trial involving diabetic subjects consuming these biscuits as a routine snack resulted in an 11.45 % decrease in fasting blood glucose and a 19.15 % reduction in random blood glucose levels. Insulin and HDL levels also significantly improved. The study concludes that these designer biscuits possess a hypoglycemic effect, offering a potential dietary intervention for managing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Akram
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Yasmin
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Rizwan Sharif
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Ahmad Nayik
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Government Degree College Shopian, 192303 Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610, Quakenbrück, Germany
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Frost G. Glycaemic index as part of the diabetes prevention strategy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:289-290. [PMID: 38588685 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Frost
- Section of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK.
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Kanata MC, Yanni AE, Koliaki C, Pateras I, Anastasiou IA, Kokkinos A, Karathanos VT. Effects of Wheat Biscuits Enriched with Plant Proteins Incorporated into an Energy-Restricted Dietary Plan on Postprandial Metabolic Responses of Women with Overweight/Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:1229. [PMID: 38674919 PMCID: PMC11053654 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of daily consumption of wheat biscuits enriched with plant proteins in postprandial metabolic responses of women with overweight/obesity who follow an energy-restricted diet. Thirty apparently healthy women participated in a 12-week randomized controlled trial and were assigned either to a control (CB) or an intervention (PB) group. Participants consumed daily either a conventional (CB) or an isocaloric wheat biscuit enriched with plant proteins (PB) containing high amounts of amino acids with appetite-regulating properties, i.e., BCAAs and L-arg. At baseline and the end of the intervention, a mixed meal tolerance test was performed. The responses of glucose, insulin, ghrelin, GLP-1, and glicentin were evaluated over 180 min. After 12 weeks, both groups experienced significant decreases in body weight, fat mass, and waist circumference. In the PB group, a trend towards higher weight loss was observed, accompanied by lower carbohydrate, fat, and energy intakes (p < 0.05 compared to baseline and CB group), while decreases in fasting insulin and the HOMA-IR index were also observed (p < 0.05 compared to baseline). In both groups, similar postprandial glucose, ghrelin, and GLP-1 responses were detected, while iAUC for insulin was lower (p < 0.05). Interestingly, the iAUC of glicentin was greater in the PB group (p < 0.05 compared to baseline). Subjective appetite ratings were beneficially affected in both groups (p < 0.05). Consumption of wheat biscuits enriched in plant proteins contributed to greater weight loss, lower energy intake, and insulin resistance and had a positive impact on postprandial glicentin response, a peptide that can potentially predict long-term weight loss and decreased food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Christina Kanata
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (M.-C.K.); (V.T.K.)
| | - Amalia E. Yanni
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (M.-C.K.); (V.T.K.)
| | - Chrysi Koliaki
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (I.A.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Irene Pateras
- ELBISCO S.A., Industrial and Commercial Food Company, 21st Km Marathonos Avenue, 19009 Pikermi, Greece;
| | - Ioanna A. Anastasiou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (I.A.A.); (A.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (I.A.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Vaios T. Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (M.-C.K.); (V.T.K.)
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Gibbons C, Beaulieu K, Almiron-Roig E, Navas-Carretero S, Martínez JA, O'Hara B, O'Connor D, Nazare JA, Le Bail A, Rannou C, Hardman C, Wilton M, Kjølbæk L, Scott C, Moshoyiannis H, Raben A, Harrold JA, Halford JCG, Finlayson G. Acute and two-week effects of neotame, stevia rebaudioside M and sucrose-sweetened biscuits on postprandial appetite and endocrine response in adults with overweight/obesity-a randomised crossover trial from the SWEET consortium. EBioMedicine 2024; 102:105005. [PMID: 38553262 PMCID: PMC11026940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweeteners and sweetness enhancers (S&SE) are used to replace energy yielding sugars and maintain sweet taste in a wide range of products, but controversy exists about their effects on appetite and endocrine responses in reduced or no added sugar solid foods. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the acute (1 day) and repeated (two-week daily) ingestive effects of 2 S&SE vs. sucrose formulations of biscuit with fruit filling on appetite and endocrine responses in adults with overweight and obesity. METHODS In a randomised crossover trial, 53 healthy adults (33 female, 20 male) with overweight/obesity in England and France consumed biscuits with fruit filling containing 1) sucrose, or reformulated with either 2) Stevia Rebaudioside M (StRebM) or 3) Neotame daily during three, two-week intervention periods with a two-week washout. The primary outcome was composite appetite score defined as [desire to eat + hunger + (100 - fullness) + prospective consumption]/4. FINDINGS Each formulation elicited a similar reduction in appetite sensations (3-h postprandial net iAUC). Postprandial insulin (2-h iAUC) was lower after Neotame (95% CI (0.093, 0.166); p < 0.001; d = -0.71) and StRebM (95% CI (0.133, 0.205); p < 0.001; d = -1.01) compared to sucrose, and glucose was lower after StRebM (95% CI (0.023, 0.171); p < 0.05; d = -0.39) but not after Neotame (95% CI (-0.007, 0.145); p = 0.074; d = -0.25) compared to sucrose. There were no differences between S&SE or sucrose formulations on ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 or pancreatic polypeptide iAUCs. No clinically meaningful differences between acute vs. two-weeks of daily consumption were found. INTERPRETATION In conclusion, biscuits reformulated to replace sugar using StRebM or Neotame showed no differences in appetite or endocrine responses, acutely or after a two-week exposure, but can reduce postprandial insulin and glucose response in adults with overweight or obesity. FUNDING The present study was funded by the Horizon 2020 program: Sweeteners and sweetness enhancers: Impact on health, obesity, safety and sustainability (acronym: SWEET, grant no: 774293).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gibbons
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK.
| | - Kristine Beaulieu
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Eva Almiron-Roig
- University of Navarra, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dept. of Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- University of Navarra, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dept. of Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- University of Navarra, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dept. of Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beverley O'Hara
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Dominic O'Connor
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Human Nutrition Research Center Rhône-Alpes, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, France
| | | | | | - Charlotte Hardman
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Moon Wilton
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise Kjølbæk
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Corey Scott
- Core Research and Development, Cargill, Inc, USA
| | | | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Joanne A Harrold
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Jason C G Halford
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Graham Finlayson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, UK
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Jäger R, Purpura M, Davis J, Keratsopoulos N, Parra ME, Secrest AH, Tinsley GM, Taylor L. Glycoprotein Matrix Zinc Exhibits Improved Absorption: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1012. [PMID: 38613045 PMCID: PMC11013578 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Biotransformation of minerals via glycosylation by microorganisms such as yeast and/or probiotics yields nutrients bound to a food matrix, resulting in increased bioavailability. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of glycoprotein matrix-bound zinc (GPM) on absorption compared to inorganic zinc oxide. Sixteen participants ingested 11 mg of zinc as either GPM™ Soy-Free Zinc (GPM, Ashland, Kearny, NJ, USA) or zinc oxide (USP). Blood samples were taken at 0 (i.e., baseline), 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, and 480 min post-ingestion. GPM zinc concentrations were significantly higher at 120 min (p = 0.02; 12.4 ± 5.1 mcg/dL), 180 min (p = 0.002; 16.8 ± 5.1 mcg/dL), and 240 min (p = 0.007; 14.6 ± 5.1 mcg/dL) in comparison to USP zinc oxide. In addition, GPM zinc significantly increased iAUC by 40% (5840 ± 2684 vs. 4183 ± 1132 mcg/dL * 480 min, p = 0.02), and Cmax values were 10% higher in GPM compared to USP (148 ± 21 mcg/dL vs. 135 ± 17.5 mcg/dL, p = 0.08). Tmax was 12% slower in GPM compared to USP (112.5 ± 38.7 min vs. 127.5 ± 43.1 min); however, differences in Tmax failed to reach statistical significance (p = 0.28). Zinc bound to a glycoprotein matrix significantly increased absorption compared to zinc oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Jäger
- Increnovo LLC, Whitefish Bay, WI 53217, USA; (R.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Martin Purpura
- Increnovo LLC, Whitefish Bay, WI 53217, USA; (R.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Jaci Davis
- Human Performance Lab, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA; (J.D.); (N.K.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Nikolas Keratsopoulos
- Human Performance Lab, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA; (J.D.); (N.K.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Mandy E. Parra
- Human Performance Lab, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA; (J.D.); (N.K.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Ariane H. Secrest
- School of Health Professions, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA;
| | - Grant M. Tinsley
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Lem Taylor
- Human Performance Lab, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA; (J.D.); (N.K.); (M.E.P.)
- School of Health Professions, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA;
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Revheim I, Ballance S, Standal AF, Rieder A, Dierkes J, Buyken AE, Gilja OH, Hausken T, Rosendahl-Riise H. The acute effect of a β-glucan-enriched oat bread on gastric emptying, GLP-1 response, and postprandial glycaemia and insulinemia: a randomised crossover trial in healthy adults. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:13. [PMID: 38500209 PMCID: PMC10949669 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00789-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cereal fibre β-glucan reduces postprandial glycaemia, however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of a β-glucan-enriched oat bread on gastric emptying half-time (T1/2), gastric emptying lag phase (Tlag), and gastric emptying rate (GER), and the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as potential means to influence postprandial glycaemia. METHODS A randomised crossover trial was conducted in 22 healthy adults (age 24.6 ± 3.1 years, BMI 23.1 ± 2.7 kg/m2) receiving 25 g available carbohydrates from a β-glucan-enriched oat bread or a control whole-wheat bread at two non-consecutive days. T1/2, Tlag, and GER were determined based on ultrasound measures of the cross-sectional gastric antrum area in the fasting state and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min postprandially. Capillary glucose, serum insulin, and plasma GLP-1 concentrations were measured at the same time points. RESULTS A biphasic pattern of gastric emptying with a distinct Tlag before the commencement of emptying was observed in most subjects for both bread types. While no differences in GER were evident (p = 0.562), consumption of the oat bread significantly increased T1/2 by 18 min and Tlag by 14 min compared with the whole-wheat bread (p = 0.005 and p = 0.010, respectively). In addition, the oat bread significantly reduced iAUC2h for glucose and insulin responses compared with the whole-wheat bread (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in GLP-1 response between the two breads (p = 0.892). CONCLUSION The increased T1/2 and Tlag could offer a potential mechanism for the observed attenuation of postprandial glycaemia and insulinemia after consumption of the β-glucan-enriched oat bread compared with the whole-wheat bread. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered at clinicaltrails.gov (NCT04571866).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Revheim
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Simon Ballance
- Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Adelheid Fretland Standal
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Rieder
- Norwegian Institute for Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Jutta Dierkes
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette E Buyken
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Odd Helge Gilja
- National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trygve Hausken
- National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanne Rosendahl-Riise
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Paulussen KJM, Askow AT, Deutz MT, McKenna CF, Garvey SM, Guice JL, Kesler RM, Barnes TM, Tinker KM, Paluska SA, Ulanov AV, Bauer LL, Dilger RN, Burd NA. Acute Microbial Protease Supplementation Increases Net Postprandial Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations After Pea Protein Ingestion in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00158-5. [PMID: 38467279 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digestibility is a primary factor in determining the quality of dietary protein. Microbial protease supplementation may be a strategy for improving protein digestion and subsequent postprandial plasma amino acid availability. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of co-ingesting a microbial protease mixture with pea protein on postprandial plasma amino acid concentrations. DESIGN A mixture of 3 microbial protease preparations (P3) was tested for proteolytic efficacy in an in vitro static simulation of gastrointestinal digestion. Subsequently, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 24 healthy adults (27 ± 4 y; 12 females, 12 males) ingested 25 g pea protein isolate (20 g protein, 2.2 g fat) with either P3 or maltodextrin placebo (PLA). Blood samples were collected at baseline and throughout a 0‒5 h postprandial period and both the early (0-2 h) iAUC and total (0-5 h) iAUC were examined. RESULTS Plasma glucose concentrations decreased in both conditions (P < 0.001), with higher concentrations after P3 ingestion compared with PLA (P < 0.001). Plasma insulin concentrations increased for both conditions (P < 0.001) with no difference between conditions (P = 0.331). Plasma total amino acid (TAA) concentrations increased over time (P < 0.001) with higher concentrations observed for P3 compared with PLA (P = 0.010) during the 0‒5 h period. There was a trend for elevated essential amino acid (EAA) concentrations for P3 compared with PLA (P = 0.099) during the 0‒5 h postprandial period but not for leucine (P = 0.282) or branched-chain amino acids (BCAA, P = 0.410). The early net exposure (0‒2 h iAUC) to amino acids (leucine, BCAA, EAA, and TAA) was higher for P3 compared with PLA (all, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Microbial protease co-ingestion increases plasma TAA concentrations (0-5 h) and leucine, BCAA, EAA, and TAA availability in the early postprandial period (0‒2 h) compared with ingesting pea protein with placebo in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J M Paulussen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Andrew T Askow
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Max T Deutz
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Colleen F McKenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Sean M Garvey
- Department of Research and Development, BIO-CAT, Inc., Troy, VA, United States
| | - Justin L Guice
- Department of Research and Development, BIO-CAT, Inc., Troy, VA, United States
| | - Richard M Kesler
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Illinois Fire Service Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Takeshi M Barnes
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Kelly M Tinker
- Department of Research and Development, BIO-CAT, Inc., Troy, VA, United States
| | - Scott A Paluska
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Alexander V Ulanov
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, States
| | - Laura L Bauer
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Ryan N Dilger
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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8
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Curso-Almeida P, Subramaniam M, Gallagher A, Adolphe JA, Drew MD, Loewen ME, Weber LP. Determining the effects of Candida utilis-fermented pea starch vs. unfermented pea starch, alone or in whole diets, on palatability and glycemic response in dogs and cats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38375687 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Current research suggests yeast fermentation has the potential to improve palatability of pea-based diets for both cats and dogs. However, to be useful, fermentation should not compromise other healthy attributes of peas such as a low glycemic response. Fermentation of uncooked pea starch with Candida utilis (ATCC 9950) appeared to increase crude protein, crude fiber content, inorganic compounds (phosphorus and iron) and phenols. Whole diets were designed with fermented and unfermented pea starch to assess palatability, food intake, and glycemic responses in unacclimated, mixed sex Beagle dogs and mixed breed cats (n = 8 and n = 7, respectively). For palatability testing, a control diet was formulated with 30% corn starch as well as test diets with 30% inclusion of fermented or unfermented pea starch (all lab-made), then compared to a commercial diet containing pea starch (Legacy/Horizon). Fermentation had little effect on rapidly digestible starch either in uncooked starch form or when incorporated into whole diets, but did decrease resistant starch by 15% and increase slowly digestible starch by 20%. Palatability tests using either two choices or four choices at a time revealed a significant preference for the fermented pea starch diet (p < 0.01) in both species. For the glycemic responses, a total of four different pea products were included: unfermented pea starch, fermented pea starch, and 30% inclusion of unfermented and fermented pea starch in whole formulated diets. There were no significant changes in glycemic responses with the fermented pea diet compared to the unfermented diet, demonstrating that healthful low glycemic properties of pea starch were retained after C. utilis fermentation. Overall, C. utilis-fermentation technique was successfully adapted to pea starch where it resulted in increased palatability and food intake in dogs and cats, with potential to positively contribute to overall health benefits for both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Curso-Almeida
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Marina Subramaniam
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alyssa Gallagher
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Adolphe
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Murray D Drew
- Department of Animal & Poultry Science, College of Agriculture & Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Matthew E Loewen
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lynn P Weber
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Lou X, Fan Z, Wei J, Peng X, Hu J, Lu X, Liu A. Timing and Nutrient Type of Isocaloric Snacks Impacted Postprandial Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses of the Subsequent Meal in Healthy Subjects. Nutrients 2024; 16:535. [PMID: 38398859 PMCID: PMC10891798 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the impact of both the macronutrient composition and snacking timing on the postprandial glycemic insulinemic responses and food intake. Seventeen healthy female volunteers completed the randomized crossover trials. The volunteers were provided a standard breakfast and lunch at 8:00 and 13:00, respectively, and an ad libitum dinner at 18:00. Provided at either 10:30 (midmorning) or 12:30 (preload), the glycemic effects of the three types of 70 kcal snacks, including chicken breast (mid-C and pre-C), apple (mid-A and pre-A), and macadamia nut (mid-M and pre-M), were compared with the non-snack control (CON), evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). The mid-M showed increased insulin resistance after lunch compared with CON, while the pre-M did not. The pre-A stabilized the glycemic response in terms of all variability parameters after lunch, while the mid-A had no significant effect on postprandial glucose control. Both the mid-C and pre-C improved the total area under the glucose curve, all glycemic variability parameters, and the insulin resistance within 2 h after lunch compared with CON. The pre-C attained the lowest energy intake at dinner, while the mid-A and the mid-M resulted in the highest. In conclusion, the chicken breast snack effectively stabilized postprandial glycemic excursion and reduced insulin resistance while the macadamia snack did not, regardless of ingestion time. Only as a preload could the apple snack mitigate the glucose response after the subsequent meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Lou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (J.W.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Zhihong Fan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (J.W.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinjie Wei
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (J.W.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Xiyihe Peng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (J.W.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Jiahui Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (J.W.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Xuejiao Lu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (J.W.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Anshu Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (J.W.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
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10
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Otoo ET, Tandoh MA, Mills-Robertson FC. Effect of Alchornea cordifolia on Glycemic Indices of Varieties of Fufu Among Healthy Subjects. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102076. [PMID: 38328775 PMCID: PMC10847058 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Glycemic index (GI) is a measure of the ability of carbohydrate food to raise blood glucose concentration. The GI of a food and its negative effects has caused an adverse increase in the prevalence of diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Objective This study aimed to determine the effect of Alchornea cordifolia on glycemic indices of varieties of fufu. Methods The research was a crossover experimental study involving 10 healthy individuals. A 50-g measure of pure glucose was served on 2 separate occasions and, subsequently, a measured amount of the test foods containing 50 g of available carbohydrates. The GI values were determined by the measure of the blood glucose concentrations of the subjects at fasting and after ingestion of the glucose and the test foods (fufu) within 2 h. Collection of capillary blood for blood glucose measurement started 30 min after consumption and was subsequently taken at 60, 90, and 120 min for both noncomposited and composited fufu GI determination. The phytoconstituents of the A. cordifolia were also determined. Results For the noncomposited fufu, plantain fufu had the least glycemic response (46%), followed by cassava fufu (50%) and cassava-plantain fufu (53%); however, all were in the low-GI category. For the composited fufu, plantain fufu had the least response (12%), followed by cassava-plantain fufu (14%) and cassava fufu (14%), with all in the low-GI category. A multiple comparison of GI on the various foods by analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between the GI of cassava-plantain fufu and composite cassava-plantain fufu (P = 0.001); cassava fufu and composite cassava fufu (P = 0.004); and plantain fufu and composite plantain fufu (P = 0.006). The phytochemical screening of the A. cordifolia revealed the presence of flavonoids and tannins. Conclusions Composited A. cordifolia fufu affects the glycemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice T Otoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (Human Nutrition and Dietetics), College of Science, PMB, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Marina A Tandoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (Human Nutrition and Dietetics), College of Science, PMB, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Felix C Mills-Robertson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (Microbiology), College of Science, PMB, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
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11
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Jacobs PG, Herrero P, Facchinetti A, Vehi J, Kovatchev B, Breton MD, Cinar A, Nikita KS, Doyle FJ, Bondia J, Battelino T, Castle JR, Zarkogianni K, Narayan R, Mosquera-Lopez C. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Improving Glycemic Control in Diabetes: Best Practices, Pitfalls, and Opportunities. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 17:19-41. [PMID: 37943654 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2023.3331297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Artificial intelligence and machine learning are transforming many fields including medicine. In diabetes, robust biosensing technologies and automated insulin delivery therapies have created a substantial opportunity to improve health. While the number of manuscripts addressing the topic of applying machine learning to diabetes has grown in recent years, there has been a lack of consistency in the methods, metrics, and data used to train and evaluate these algorithms. This manuscript provides consensus guidelines for machine learning practitioners in the field of diabetes, including best practice recommended approaches and warnings about pitfalls to avoid. METHODS Algorithmic approaches are reviewed and benefits of different algorithms are discussed including importance of clinical accuracy, explainability, interpretability, and personalization. We review the most common features used in machine learning applications in diabetes glucose control and provide an open-source library of functions for calculating features, as well as a framework for specifying data sets using data sheets. A review of current data sets available for training algorithms is provided as well as an online repository of data sources. SIGNIFICANCE These consensus guidelines are designed to improve performance and translatability of new machine learning algorithms developed in the field of diabetes for engineers and data scientists.
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12
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Haxhari F, Savorani F, Rondanelli M, Cantaluppi E, Campanini L, Magnani E, Simonelli C, Gavoci G, Chiadò A, Sozzi M, Cavallini N, Chiodoni A, Gasparri C, Barrile GC, Cavioni A, Mansueto F, Mazzola G, Moroni A, Patelli Z, Pirola M, Tartara A, Guido D, Perna S, Magnaghi R. Endosperm structure and Glycemic Index of Japonica Italian rice varieties. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1303771. [PMID: 38250450 PMCID: PMC10796725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1303771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Given that rice serves as a crucial staple food for a significant portion of the global population and with the increasing number of individuals being diagnosed with diabetes, a primary objective in genetic improvement is to identify and cultivate low Glycemic Index (GI) varieties. This must be done while ensuring the preservation of grain quality. Methods 25 Italian rice genotypes were characterized calculating their GI "in vivo" and, together with other 29 Italian and non-Italian genotypes they were studied to evaluate the grain inner structure through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) technique. Using an ad-hoc developed algorithm, morphological features were extracted from the FESEM images, to be then inspected by means of multivariate data analysis methods. Results and Discussion Large variability was observed in GI values (49 to 92 with respect to glucose), as well as in endosperm morphological features. According to the percentage of porosity is possible to distinguish approximately among rice varieties having a crystalline grain (< 1.7%), those intended for the preparation of risotto (> 5%), and a third group having intermediate characteristics. Waxy rice varieties were not united by a certain porosity level, but they shared a low starch granules eccentricity. With reference to morphological features, rice varieties with low GI (<55) seem to be characterized by large starch granules and low porosity values. Our data testify the wide variability of Italian rice cultivation giving interesting information for future breeding programs, finding that the structure of the endosperm can be regarded as a specific characteristic of each variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Haxhari
- Centro Ricerche sul Riso, Ente Nazionale Risi, Castello D’Agogna, Italy
| | - Francesco Savorani
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Polytechnic University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Cantaluppi
- Centro Ricerche sul Riso, Ente Nazionale Risi, Castello D’Agogna, Italy
| | - Luigi Campanini
- Centro Ricerche sul Riso, Ente Nazionale Risi, Castello D’Agogna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Magnani
- Centro Ricerche sul Riso, Ente Nazionale Risi, Castello D’Agogna, Italy
| | - Cinzia Simonelli
- Centro Ricerche sul Riso, Ente Nazionale Risi, Castello D’Agogna, Italy
| | - Gentian Gavoci
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Polytechnic University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Chiadò
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Polytechnic University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Mattia Sozzi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Polytechnic University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Nicola Cavallini
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Polytechnic University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Angelica Chiodoni
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies @Polito, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Torino, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gaetan Claude Barrile
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cavioni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Mansueto
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzola
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Moroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Zaira Patelli
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Pirola
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alice Tartara
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Guido
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
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Mela DJ, Boers HM, Kadam T, Hiemstra H, Kalathil R, Seijen Ten Hoorn JWM. Effect of mulberry fruit extract on post-prandial glycaemic and insulinemic responses to different rice types: a randomised trial in healthy adults. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:2088-2094. [PMID: 37272629 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that the addition of a specified mulberry fruit extract (MFE) to rice consistently reduces post-prandial glycaemic (PPG) and post-prandial insulinemic (PPI) responses. This research tested whether this effect generalises to a broad range of rice types, reflecting the wide variation in rice characteristics known to influence glycaemic responses. In a randomised, balanced, partial factorial crossover design, Sona Masoori (SM), Bora Saul (BS), Gobindobogh (Gb) and Banskati (Bn) rices were tested with and without 0·37 g MFE. Healthy, normal-weight Indian adults (N 120) each consumed four of the eight possible boiled rice meals, all containing about 50 g available carbohydrate. The primary outcome was the effect of MFE on PPG, expressed as the percentage change in the positive, incremental AUC over 2 h. The mean effect of MFE on PPG for all rice types combined was -11·4 % (P < 0·003). The reduction in PPG was in a qualitatively similar range for all rice types (-9·8 to -15·1 %), and this was statistically significant for Bn. MFE also reduced the corresponding PPI response to all rice types combined by a mean of 10·1 % (P < 0·001; range -6·1 to -13·4 %), and the reduction in PPI was statistically significant for SM, Gb and BS. In conclusion, addition of 0·37 g MFE modestly reduced PPG and PPI responses to rices in general, and the effects were statistically significant for specific rice types.
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14
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Wu MS, Taylor C, Zahradka P, Arntfield S. Reduced in vitro starch hydrolysis and in vivo glycemic effects after addition of soy presscake to corn tortillas. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:7829-7835. [PMID: 37459467 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronically elevated blood glucose leads to development of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, as well as increased risk for heart and kidney disease and vision loss. For many, elevated blood glucose can be managed through diet and exercise. Consequently, the availability of foods that limit blood glucose elevation would aid in addressing this global problem. This paper investigated the effect of adding soy presscake (SP) to corn tortillas on starch hydrolysis in vitro as well as the glycemic responses elicited in vivo upon consumption of these modified tortillas. RESULTS SP in corn tortillas decreased the rate and extent of starch hydrolysis in vitro. The in vivo glycemic index (GI) values decreased from 43 for corn control tortillas to 31 with 40% SP fortification. A high correlation (r = 0.9781) was found between the GI values from in vivo analysis and the area under the curve of starch hydrolysis in vitro. The best correlations (r > 0.96) between GI and degree of hydrolysis were found at 45-90 min of in vitro starch hydrolysis. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating SP into corn-based tortillas lowers glycemic responses to them. In addition, in vitro starch hydrolysis could be used to estimate the GI values of food products and, in particular, the comparison of multiple items during food product development. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjue Shirley Wu
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Carla Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Susan Arntfield
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Campbell MD, Alobaid AM, Hopkins M, Dempsey PC, Pearson SM, Kietsiriroje N, Churm R, Ajjan RA. Interrupting prolonged sitting with frequent short bouts of light-intensity activity in people with type 1 diabetes improves glycaemic control without increasing hypoglycaemia: The SIT-LESS randomised controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:3589-3598. [PMID: 37622406 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the impact of interrupting prolonged sitting with frequent short bouts of light-intensity activity on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 32 inactive adults with T1D [aged 27.9 ± 4.7 years, 15 men, diabetes duration 16.0 ± 6.9 years and glycated haemoglobin 8.4 ± 1.4% (68 ± 2.3 mmol/mol)] underwent two 7-h experimental conditions in a randomised crossover fashion with >7-day washout consisting of: uninterrupted sitting (SIT), or, interrupted sitting with 3-min bouts of self-paced walking at 30-min intervals (SIT-LESS). Standardised mixed-macronutrient meals were administered 3.5 h apart during each condition. Blinded continuous glucose monitoring captured interstitial glucose responses during the 7-h experimental period and for a further 48-h under free-living conditions. RESULTS SIT-LESS reduced total mean glucose (SIT 8.2 ± 2.6 vs. SIT-LESS 6.9 ± 1.7 mmol/L, p = .001) and increased time in range (3.9-10.0 mmol/L) by 13.7% (SIT 71.5 ± 9.5 vs. SIT-LESS 85.1 ± 7.1%, p = .002). Hyperglycaemia (>10.0 mmol/L) was reduced by 15.0% under SIT-LESS (SIT 24.2 ± 10.8 vs. SIT-LESS 9.2 ± 6.4%, p = .002), whereas hypoglycaemia exposure (<3.9 mmol/L) (SIT 4.6 ± 3.0 vs. SIT-LESS 6.0 ± 6.0%, p = .583) was comparable across conditions. SIT-LESS reduced glycaemic variability (coefficient of variation %) by 7.8% across the observation window (p = .021). These findings were consistent when assessing discrete time periods, with SIT-LESS improving experimental and free-living postprandial, whole-day and night-time glycaemic outcomes (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Interrupting prolonged sitting with frequent short bouts of light-intensity activity improves acute postprandial and 48-h glycaemia in adults with T1D. This pragmatic strategy is an efficacious approach to reducing sedentariness and increasing physical activity levels without increasing risk of hypoglycaemia in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Campbell
- John Dawson Drug Discovery and Development Institute, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anwar M Alobaid
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Ministry of Health, Farwaniya Hospital, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Mark Hopkins
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sam M Pearson
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Noppadol Kietsiriroje
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Rachel Churm
- Applied Sports Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ramzi A Ajjan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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16
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Zhao L, Ingram DK, Gumpricht E, De Paoli T, Teong XT, Liu B, Mori TA, Heilbronn LK, Roth GS. Effects of an Unripe Avocado Extract on Glycaemic Control in Individuals with Obesity: A Double-Blinded, Parallel, Randomised Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4812. [PMID: 38004206 PMCID: PMC10674186 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unripe avocados (Persea americana) are naturally enriched in mannoheptulose (MH), which is a candidate caloric restriction mimetic. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of a diet supplement made from unripe avocado on glucose tolerance, and cardiometabolic risk factors in free-living nondiabetic adults with obesity. METHODS In a double-blinded, randomised controlled trial, 60 adults (female n = 47, age 48 ± 13 years, BMI 34.0 ± 2.6 kg/m2) were stratified by sex and randomised to avocado extract (AvX, 10 g finely ground, freeze-dried unripe avocado) or placebo (10 g finely ground cornmeal plus 5% spinach powder) daily, for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was a change in glucose area under the curve (AUC) in response to a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. A post-hoc analysis was subsequently performed in a subgroup with insulin AUC above the median of baseline values after removal of participants >2 SD from the mean. RESULTS There were no between-group differences in glucose AUC (p = 0.678), insulin AUC (p = 0.091), or cardiovascular outcomes. In the subgroup analysis, insulin AUC was lower in AxV versus placebo (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Daily consumption of unripe avocado extract enriched in MH did not alter glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic adults with obesity, but the data provided preliminary evidence for a benefit in insulin AUC in a subgroup of participants with elevated baseline postprandial insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (L.Z.); (X.T.T.); (B.L.); (L.K.H.)
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Donald K. Ingram
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | | | | | - Xiao Tong Teong
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (L.Z.); (X.T.T.); (B.L.); (L.K.H.)
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Bo Liu
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (L.Z.); (X.T.T.); (B.L.); (L.K.H.)
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Trevor A. Mori
- Discipline of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia;
| | - Leonie K. Heilbronn
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (L.Z.); (X.T.T.); (B.L.); (L.K.H.)
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - George S. Roth
- Prolongevity Technologies LLC, Pylesville, MD 21132, USA;
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17
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Zanini AC, Santos HD, Celes APM, Giuntini EB, Franco BDGDM. Determination of glycaemic response to the consumption of two specialised formulas for glycaemic control. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1137-1143. [PMID: 36690581 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To assess the glycaemic response after ingestion of two specialised oral and enteral nutrition formulas for glycaemic control. The participants were sixteen healthy volunteers, aged 21-49 years, with normal glucose tolerance. The volunteers attended the tests fasting for 10 h, for 5 weeks, and consumed the reference food - glucose solution - for 3 weeks, and the two formulas DiamaxO and DiamaxIG in the following weeks, in amounts equivalent to 25 g of available carbohydrates. During the period of 120 min, seven blood samples were taken through capillary blood sampling to determine the glycaemic response. The glycaemic index (GI) was calculated according to the trapezoidal rule, ignoring areas below the fasting line. The glycaemic load (GL) was determined by the formula GL = ((GI(glucose = reference) × 'g' of available carbohydrate per serving]/100. The formulas showed low GI and GL. GI = 37·8 and GL = 6·6 for DiamaxO and GI = 21·5 and GL = 3·5 for DiamaxIG. The peak of the glycaemic response occurred 30 min after ingestion, with a marked difference in blood glucose between the Diamax products in relation to glucose. Differences were also significant at times 15, 45, 60 and 90 min in relation to glucose (ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni, P < 0·005), but not between the two products. However, the AUC and the GI of DiamaxIG are significantly smaller than that of the DiamaxO second t test (P = 0·0059). The glycaemic response to the products is quite reduced, presenting a curve with a little accentuated shape, without high peak, especially in the modified product.
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Zhu Y, Zheng Q, Huang L, Jiang X, Gao X, Li J, Liu R. The effects of plant-based dietary patterns on the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291732. [PMID: 37792722 PMCID: PMC10550137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant health challenge. Plant-based dietary patterns are a series dietary habits that emphasized foods derived from plant sources more and from animal foods less. Now, no consensus exists on the effects of plant-based dietary patterns on the incident of GDM. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the effects of plant-based dietary patterns on the risk of developing GDM. METHODS This systematic review was conducted following the checklist of PRISMA. Six electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wangfang, and Chinese Scientific Journals Database were searched from inception to November 20, 2022. A fixed or random effect model was used to synthesize results of included studies. Then, subgroup analysis, meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were performed to assure the reliability and stability of the results. RESULTS Ten studies including 32,006 participants were identified. The results of this study showed that the better adherence to the plant-based dietary patterns was related to the lower risk of developing GDM (RR = 0.88[0.81 to 0.96], I2 = 14.8%). The slightly stronger association between plant-based diets and the risk of developing GDM was found when healthy plant-based dietary pattern index was included in pooled estimate (RR = 0.86[0.79 to 0.94], I2 = 8.3%), compared with that unhealthy one was included (RR = 0.90[0.82 to 0.98], I2 = 8.3%). CONCLUSION The plant-based dietary patterns are associated with a lower risk of developing GDM. Furthermore, healthy plant-based dietary patterns are more recommended than unhealthy one. It is significant to help medical staff to guide pregnant women to choose reasonable diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - QingXiang Zheng
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - XiuMin Jiang
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - XiaoXia Gao
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - JiaNing Li
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - RuLin Liu
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
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Guarneiri LL, Wilcox ML, Maki KC. Comparison of the effects of a phospholipid-enhanced fish oil versus krill oil product on plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids after acute administration: A randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Nutrition 2023; 114:112090. [PMID: 37413768 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This randomized, double-blind, crossover study evaluated the bioavailability of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA+DHA) in a phospholipid-enhanced fish oil (PEFO) product versus a krill oil (KO) product (337 versus 206 mg EPA+DHA/1 g capsule) in healthy adults (N = 24). The aim of this study was to assess the plasma levels of EPA, DHA, and EPA+DHA following a single capsule of PEFO versus KO products in healthy adult men and women. METHODS Participants consumed a single dose of the assigned product, and plasma was obtained at baseline and periodically for 24 h after dosing. RESULTS The geometric mean ratio (GMR; 90% confidence interval) of incremental areas under the curve over 24 h PEFO:KO was 319/385 = 0.83 (0.60, 1.15 nmol/L*h), indicating a similar average increment for EPA+DHA with PEFO compared with KO across the 24-h period. The baseline-adjusted maximum concentration of EPA+DHA was greater for PEFO than KO (GMR: 1.25; 90% CI, 1.03-1.51). Finally, the geometric mean for the time to maximum concentration for EPA+DHA was lower for PEFO versus KO (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Absorption of EPA+DHA from the two products was similar, but the absorption profiles differed (higher and earlier peak for PEFO).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin C Maki
- Midwest Biomedical Research, Addison, Illinois, USA; Indiana Department of Applied Health Science, University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
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20
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Rachana B, Shobana S, Lalithya PV, Sudha V, Vinita S, Gayathri R, Kalpana N, Ranjit MA, Viswanathan M. Glycemic index of a nutritional supplement designed for people with chronic kidney disease. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5379-5387. [PMID: 37701241 PMCID: PMC10494616 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was carried out to measure the glycemic index (GI) of an oral food supplement for people with CKD as well as on patients on maintenance dialysis. The study was conducted as per international protocols for testing GI, was approved by the local institutional ethics committee, and was registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI). This was a crossover randomized controlled study which enrolled 15 participants between the ages of 18 and 45 years. The participants were randomly allotted to one group that consumed either the reference food (27.5 g of glucose monohydrate) or 118 g of the nutritional supplement which contained 25 g of available carbohydrates. Fasting capillary blood samples as well as blood samples at different time intervals as per the GI protocol, after consumption of either the supplement or the reference food were taken from the participants. Each testing day was separated by a 3-day washout period. GI was calculated from the incremental area under the blood glucose response elicited by the nutritional supplement as a percentage of the response after the consumption of 25 g of glucose (27.5 g of glucose monohydrate) by the same participant using a standard formula. The GI of the nutritional supplement was calculated to be 10.3 ± 2.0 which is considered to be low as per international GI testing standards. The product was created to supplement the diet of people with CKD at different stages and to help prevent the progression from CKD to ESRD as well as the risk for CVD. This product was found to have a low GI which is desirable for people with CKD as well as diabetics in general who are at risk for developing CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoite Rachana
- Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Pvt Ltd.HyderabadTelanganaIndia
| | - Shanmugam Shobana
- Department of FoodsNutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research FoundationChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | | | - Vasudevan Sudha
- Department of FoodsNutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research FoundationChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | | | - Rajagopal Gayathri
- Department of FoodsNutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research FoundationChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | - Natarajan Kalpana
- Department of FoodsNutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research FoundationChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | - Mohan Anjana Ranjit
- Department of FoodsNutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research FoundationChennaiTamil NaduIndia
- Department of DiabetologyDr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities CentreChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | - Mohan Viswanathan
- Department of FoodsNutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research FoundationChennaiTamil NaduIndia
- Department of DiabetologyDr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities CentreChennaiTamil NaduIndia
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21
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Song J, Oh TJ, Song Y. Individual Postprandial Glycemic Responses to Meal Types by Different Carbohydrate Levels and Their Associations with Glycemic Variability Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Nutrients 2023; 15:3571. [PMID: 37630761 PMCID: PMC10459284 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate individual postprandial glycemic responses (PPGRs) to meal types with varying carbohydrate levels and examine their associations with 14-day glycemic variability using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in young adults. In a two-week intervention study with 34 participants connected to CGM, four meal types and glucose 75 g were tested. PPGRs were recorded for up to 2 h with a 15 min interval after meals. Data-driven cluster analysis was used to group individual PPGRs for each meal type, and correlation analysis was performed of 14-day glycemic variability and control with related factors. Participants had a mean age of 22.5 years, with 22.8% being male. Four meal types were chosen according to carbohydrate levels. The mean glucose excursion for all meal types, except the fruit bowl, exhibited a similar curve with attenuation. Individuals classified as high responders for each meal type exhibited sustained peak glucose levels for a longer duration compared to low responders, especially in meals with carbohydrate contents above 50%. A meal with 45% carbohydrate content showed no correlation with either 14-day glycemic variability or control. Understanding the glycemic response to carbohydrate-rich meals and adopting a meal-based approach when planning diets are crucial to improving glycemic variability and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoo Song
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - YoonJu Song
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea;
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Monro J. Accuracy in Determining the Glycaemic Impact of Meals by Adding Individual Food Values Is Affected by Food Number, Homeostasis and Glucose Reference Dose. Nutrients 2023; 15:3296. [PMID: 37571234 PMCID: PMC10421172 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Summing glycaemic glucose equivalent (GGE) values of foods in a meal would be a practical way to predict the relative glycaemic impact (RGI) of the meal, without measuring the whole meal postprandial effect. However, as glycaemic response is non-linear, and glycaemic responsiveness per gram of glucose decreases with dose, addition accumulates inaccuracy. This research described determined inaccuracies accruing during addition of GGE values of foods and identifies approaches to reduce inaccuracy. By combining five published glucose dose-glycaemic response curves, the relationship between GGE dose and response was shown to be nearly quadratic (R2 = 0.98). This curve allowed determination of the divergence between the theoretically true glycaemic glucose equivalence of food intakes and estimates obtained by extrapolating linearly from zero through responses to glucose reference doses of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 g. For each reference, the disparity between the linearly determined sum of GGE values of foods in 20 realistic meals, and true homeostasis-adjusted glucose equivalence for each whole meal, was calculated. Summation of the GGE values of individual foods could lead to inaccurate (>5 g GGE) estimates of the RGI of meals, depending on the GGE total, the number of foods, and the size of the glucose reference. Inaccuracy that accumulates during linear addition of GGE values of foods limits the range in which they can be used linearly in dietary management, public health and epidemiology. However, the steps discussed herein may be taken to allow for non-linearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Monro
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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23
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Bauhaus H, Erdogan P, Braun H, Thevis M. Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Sports-A Comparison between a CGM Device and Lab-Based Glucose Analyser under Resting and Exercising Conditions in Athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6440. [PMID: 37568982 PMCID: PMC10418731 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this pilot study was to compare glucose concentrations in capillary blood (CB) samples analysed in a laboratory by a validated method and glucose concentrations measured in the interstitial fluid (ISF) by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) under different physical activity levels in a postprandial state in healthy athletes without diabetes. As a physiological shift occurs between glucose concentration from the CB into the ISF, the applicability of CGM in sports, especially during exercise, as well as the comparability of CB and ISF data necessitate an in-depth assessment. Ten subjects (26 ± 4 years, 67 ± 11 kg bodyweight (BW), 11 ± 3 h) were included in the study. Within 14 days, they underwent six tests consisting of (a) two tests resting fasted (HC_Rest/Fast and LC_Rest/Fast), (b) two tests resting with intake of 1 g glucose/kg BW (HC_Rest/Glc and LC_Rest/Glc), (c) running for 60 min at moderate (ModExerc/Glc), and (d) high intensity after intake of 1 g glucose/kg BW (IntExerc/Glc). Data were collected in the morning, following a standardised dinner before test day. Sensor-based glucose concentrations were compared to those determined from capillary blood samples collected at the time of sensor-based analyses and subjected to laboratory glucose measurements. Pearson's r correlation coefficient was highest for Rest/Glc (0.92, p < 0.001) compared to Rest/Fast (0.45, p < 0.001), ModExerc/Glc (0.60, p < 0.001) and IntExerc/Glc (0.70, p < 0.001). Mean absolute relative deviation (MARD) and standard deviation (SD) was smallest for resting fasted and similar between all other conditions (Rest/Fast: 8 ± 6%, Rest/Glc: 17 ± 12%, ModExerc/Glc: 22 ± 24%, IntExerc/Glc: 18 ± 17%). However, Bland-Altman plot analysis showed a higher range between lower and upper limits of agreement (95% confidence interval) of paired data under exercising compared to resting conditions. Under resting fasted conditions, both methods produce similar outcomes. Under resting postprandial and exercising conditions, respectively, there are differences between both methods. Based on the results of this study, the application of CGM in healthy athletes is not recommended without concomitant nutritional or medical advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Bauhaus
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- German Research Centre of Elite Sports, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Pinar Erdogan
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- German Research Centre of Elite Sports, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Hans Braun
- German Research Centre of Elite Sports, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
- Manfred Donike Institute for Doping Analysis, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mario Thevis
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- German Research Centre of Elite Sports, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
- Manfred Donike Institute for Doping Analysis, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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D’Amico V, Gänzle M, Call L, Zwirzitz B, Grausgruber H, D’Amico S, Brouns F. Does sourdough bread provide clinically relevant health benefits? Front Nutr 2023; 10:1230043. [PMID: 37545587 PMCID: PMC10399781 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1230043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, scientific interest in and consumer attention to sourdough fermentation in bread making has increased. On the one hand, this technology may favorably impact product quality, including flavor and shelf-life of bakery products; on the other hand, some cereal components, especially in wheat and rye, which are known to cause adverse reactions in a small subset of the population, can be partially modified or degraded. The latter potentially reduces their harmful effects, but depends strongly on the composition of sourdough microbiota, processing conditions and the resulting acidification. Tolerability, nutritional composition, potential health effects and consumer acceptance of sourdough bread are often suggested to be superior compared to yeast-leavened bread. However, the advantages of sourdough fermentation claimed in many publications rely mostly on data from chemical and in vitro analyzes, which raises questions about the actual impact on human nutrition. This review focuses on grain components, which may cause adverse effects in humans and the effect of sourdough microbiota on their structure, quantity and biological properties. Furthermore, presumed benefits of secondary metabolites and reduction of contaminants are discussed. The benefits claimed deriving from in vitro and in vivo experiments will be evaluated across a broader spectrum in terms of clinically relevant effects on human health. Accordingly, this critical review aims to contribute to a better understanding of the extent to which sourdough bread may result in measurable health benefits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera D’Amico
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU–University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Gänzle
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lisa Call
- Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU–University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Benjamin Zwirzitz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU–University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinrich Grausgruber
- Department of Crop Sciences, BOKU–University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Stefano D’Amico
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed, AGES–Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fred Brouns
- Department of Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Perkin OJ, Chen YC, Johnson DA, Thomas JE, Atkinson G, Betts JA, Gonzalez JT. Postprandial Metabolic Mesponses to High-fat Feeding in Healthy Adults Following Ingestion of Oolong Tea-Derived Polymerized Polyphenols: A Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Crossover Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:132-140. [PMID: 37080462 PMCID: PMC10375459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymerized polyphenols (PP) found in oolong tea can inhibit pancreatic lipase activity in vitro, and pilot work indicates that this may reduce postprandial lipemia. Since tea contains caffeine and catechins, the interactions between these ingredients and PP warrant investigation. OBJECTIVES To assess whether PP ingested alone or with caffeine and catechins lowers postprandial lipemia. METHODS Fifty healthy adults [mean (SD) age: 26 (7) y; BMI (in kg/m2): 24.0 (2.7); female: n = 16] completed 4 oral lipid tolerance tests in a placebo-controlled randomized, crossover design. Participants ingested 40 g of fat with either 1) placebo, 2) 100 mg PP, 3) 150 mg PP, or 4) 100 mg PP plus 50 mg caffeine and 63 mg catechins (PP + CC). Blood was sampled for 3 h postprandially to assess concentrations of serum and plasma triacylglycerol and plasma markers of lipid (NEFA; glycerol; LDL and HDL cholesterol; and ApoA-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, and E) and glucose metabolism (glucose, insulin, and C-peptide). RESULTS Serum and plasma triacylglycerol concentrations and lipid metabolism variables generally increased following any test drink ingestion (main effect of time, p < 0.001). Nevertheless, for the lipid metabolism responses, there were no statistically significant condition-time interactions and no statistically significant differences in incremental or total area under the curve between conditions, apart from HDL cholesterol (p = 0.021). Ingesting 100 mg PP + CC lowered peak plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations compared with all other conditions 30 min postingestion (p < 0.001), with persistent alterations in glucose concentrations observed for 90 min compared with placebo and 100 mg PP conditions. CONCLUSIONS PP ingested at doses ≤150 mg does not clearly alter early-phase postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations in healthy adults, irrespective of the presence or absence of caffeine and catechins. Nevertheless, caffeine and catechins added to PP lowered postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03324191 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03324191).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Perkin
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom; Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Yung-Chih Chen
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom; Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom; Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Joel E Thomas
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Atkinson
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moore's University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - James A Betts
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom; Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
| | - Javier T Gonzalez
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom; Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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Atila C, Holze F, Murugesu R, Rommers N, Hutter N, Varghese N, Sailer CO, Eckert A, Heinrichs M, Liechti ME, Christ-Crain M. Oxytocin in response to MDMA provocation test in patients with arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus): a single-centre, case-control study with nested, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023; 11:454-464. [PMID: 37192642 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruptions of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis can cause an arginine vasopressin deficiency, also known as central diabetes insipidus. Patients with this condition are at high risk of additional oxytocin deficiency owing to the close anatomical proximity of oxytocin-producing neurons; however, no conclusive evidence for such a deficiency has been reported. We aimed to use 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, also known as ecstasy), a strong activator of the central oxytocinergic system, as a biochemical and psychoactive provocation test to investigate oxytocin deficiency in patients with arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus). METHODS This single-centre, case-control study with nested, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial included patients with arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) and healthy controls (matched 1:1 by age, sex, and BMI) and was conducted at the University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. We used block randomisation to assign participants to receive either a single oral dose of MDMA (100 mg) or placebo in the first experimental session; patients received the opposite treatment at the next session, with a wash-out period of at least 2 weeks between the two sessions. Participants and investigators assessing the outcomes were masked to assignment. Oxytocin concentrations were measured at 0, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 300 min after MDMA or placebo. The primary outcome was the area under the plasma oxytocin concentration curve (AUC) after drug intake. The AUC was compared between groups and conditions using a linear mixed-effects model. Subjective drug effects were assessed throughout the study using ten-point visual analogue scales. Acute adverse effects were assessed before and 360 min after drug intake using a 66-item list of complaints. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04648137. FINDINGS Between Feb 1, 2021, and May 1, 2022, we recruited 15 patients with arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) and 15 healthy controls. All participants completed the study and were included in the analyses. In healthy controls, median plasma oxytocin concentration was 77 pg/mL (IQR 59-94) at baseline and increased by 659 pg/mL (355-914) in response to MDMA, resulting in an AUC of 102 095 pg/mL (41 782-129 565); in patients, baseline oxytocin concentration was 60 pg/mL (51-74) and only slightly increased by 66 pg/mL (16-94) in response to MDMA, resulting in an AUC of 6446 pg/mL (1291-11 577). The effect of MDMA on oxytocin was significantly different between groups: the AUC for oxytocin was 82% (95% CI 70-186) higher in healthy controls than in patients (difference 85 678 pg/mL [95% CI 63 356-108 000], p<0·0001). The increase in oxytocin in healthy controls was associated with typical strong subjective prosocial, empathic, and anxiolytic effects, whereas only minimal subjective effects were observed in patients, in agreement with the lack of increase in oxytocin concentrations. The most frequently reported adverse effects were fatigue (eight [53%] healthy controls and eight [53%] patients), lack of appetite (ten [67%] healthy controls and eight [53%] patients), lack of concentration (eight [53%] healthy controls and seven [47%] patients), and dry mouth (eight [53%] healthy controls and eight [53%] patients). In addition, two (13%) healthy controls and four (27%) patients developed transient mild hypokalaemia. INTERPRETATION These findings are highly suggestive of clinically meaningful oxytocin deficiency in patients with arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus), laying the groundwork for a new hypothalamic-pituitary disease entity. FUNDING Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences, and the G&J Bangerter-Rhyner Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Atila
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Holze
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rakithan Murugesu
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nikki Rommers
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Hutter
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nimmy Varghese
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clara O Sailer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eckert
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Heinrichs
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias E Liechti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Christ-Crain
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Zacharodimos N, Athanasaki C, Vitsou-Anastasiou S, Papadopoulou OS, Moniaki N, Doulgeraki AI, Nychas GJE, Tassou CC, Papakonstantinou E. Short-Term Effects of Fruit Juice Enriched with Vitamin D3, n-3 PUFA, and Probiotics on Glycemic Responses: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in Healthy Adults. Metabolites 2023; 13:791. [PMID: 37512498 PMCID: PMC10385322 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the glycemic index (GI) of a commercial mixed fruit juice (apple, orange, grape, and pomegranate; FJ) fortified with vitamin D3 or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or probiotics, and their combination, and their effects on glycemic responses and salivary insulin concentrations. In a randomized controlled, double-blind, crossover study, 11 healthy participants (25 ± 2 years; five women; body mass index = 23 ± 1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to receive five types of FJs [vitD (with vitamin D3); n-3 (with n-3 PUFA); probiotics (with Lacticaseibacillus casei Shirota and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG); vitD-n-3-probiotics FJ (combination of vitD3-n-3-probiotics), control (regular FJ)], all containing 50 g available carbohydrate, and glucose as reference drink. All FJs provided low GI values (control: 54; vitD3: 52; n-3: 51; probiotics: 50; and vitD-n-3-probiotics combination: 52, on glucose scale). Compared to the FJ control, the enriched FJs produced different postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses and affected satiety scores. All FJ types, regardless of the added biofunctional ingredients, attenuated postprandial glycemic responses, which may offer advantages to glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Zacharodimos
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Athanasaki
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatia Vitsou-Anastasiou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Attiki, 14123 Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - Olga S Papadopoulou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Attiki, 14123 Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - Natalia Moniaki
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Agapi I Doulgeraki
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Attiki, 14123 Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - George-John E Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysoula C Tassou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DIMITRA", Attiki, 14123 Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - Emilia Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Rondanelli M, Ferrario RA, Barrile GC, Guido D, Gasparri C, Ferraris C, Cavioni A, Mansueto F, Mazzola G, Patelli Z, Peroni G, Pirola M, Razza C, Tartara A, Perna S. The Glycemic Index of Indica and Japonica Subspecies Parboiled Rice Grown in Italy and the Effect on Glycemic Index of Different Parboiling Processes. J Med Food 2023. [PMID: 37262189 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice is generally considered a high-glycemic index (GI) food, but numerous studies show that parboiling reduces the GI. There are no studies on GI of Indica and Japonica subspecies parboiled rice grown in Italy. The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate GI in different varieties of parboiled rice (ribe, white and brown long B, basmati, black, red, roma, and arborio); (2) to evaluate GI of same variety of rice subjected to different rice parboiling processes (parboiled ribe and parboiled long B with two different methods: flora and conventional method); (3) to evaluate GI of two by-products of parboiled rice: white and brown rice cake. Participants were 10 healthy individuals (20-30 years old, body mass index 18.5-25 kg/m2). Proximate composition and GI were determined by using standard methods. All parboiled rice assessed is low-GI (brown long B 48.1 ± 6.4 by flora method, ribe 52.0 ± 1.8 GI by flora method, black rice 52.3 ± 7.6 by flora method, long B 52.4 ± 3.9 by flora method, long B 53.4 ± 5.1 by conventional method, ribe 54.4 ± 4.3 GI by conventional method, Roma 54.4 ± 7.9 GI by flora method, and arborio 54.4 ± 7.9 GI by flora method), except red rice that is of medium-GI (56.1 ± 7.0 GI), and both classic and brown cakes that are high-GI (respectively, 83.3 ± 8.9 GI and 102.2 ± 5.5 GI). Parboiled rice is low-GI and so is favorable for the dietary management of metabolic disorders and celiac disease. Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05333081).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Gaetan Claude Barrile
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Guido
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Ferraris
- Food Education and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cavioni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Mansueto
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzola
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Zaira Patelli
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Pirola
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Razza
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alice Tartara
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita," University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
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29
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Stathas IG, Sakellaridis AC, Papadelli M, Kapolos J, Papadimitriou K, Stathas GJ. The Effects of Insect Infestation on Stored Agricultural Products and the Quality of Food. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102046. [PMID: 37238864 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review article, we focus on the effects of insect pests on the quality of stored cereals and legume grains. The changes in the amino-acid content, the quality of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, and the technological characteristics of the raw materials when infested by specific insects are presented. The differences reported concerning the rate and kind of infestation effects are related to the trophic habits of the infesting insect species, the variation of the component distribution in the different species of grains, and the length of the storage period. For example, wheat germ and brans feeders such as Trogoderma granarium may cause a higher reduction in proteins than endosperm feeders such as Rhyzopertha dominica, since the germ and brans contain higher concentrations of proteins. Trogoderma granarium may also cause higher reduction in lipids than R. dominica in wheat, maize and sorghum, in which most of the lipids exist in the germ. Furthermore, infestation with insects such as Tribolium castaneum may downgrade the overall quality of wheat flour, by increasing the moisture content, the number of insect fragments, the color change, the concentration of uric acid, the microbial growth, and the prevalence of aflatoxins. Whenever possible, the significance of the insect infestation and the concomitant compositional alterations on human health are presented. It should be highlighted that understanding the impact of insect infestation on stored agricultural products and the quality of food will be crucial for the required food security in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G Stathas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Food, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Anastasios C Sakellaridis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Food, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Marina Papadelli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Food, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - John Kapolos
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Food, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - George J Stathas
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Food, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
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Moretton M, Alongi M, Melchior S, Anese M. Adult and elderly in vitro digestibility patterns of proteins and carbohydrates as affected by different commercial bread types. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112732. [PMID: 37087283 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate and protein digestibility were assessed in different commercial bread types, i.e., soft, durum, and whole wheat, by applying in vitro digestion protocols mimicking adult or elderly physiological conditions. Protein digestibility was measured after the gastric and intestinal phases by the o-phthalaldehyde spectrophotometric assay (OPA). Carbohydrate digestibility was assessed by determining the incremental area under glucose curve during the intestinal phase of digestion to estimate the glycaemic index (GIe). Finally, the correlation between protein and carbohydrate digestibility was computed. Bread proteins presented a high gastric resistance, with a digestibility < 10% in all cases while after the intestinal phase, protein digestibility increased, ranging from 40 to 70%. Protein digestibility was affected both by formulation, with whole wheat bread presenting the lowest values, and by physiological conditions, with restrained digestibility under elderly conditions compared to adult ones. The GIe decreased in the order durum > soft > whole, under both adult (119, 101, and 82, respectively) and elderly (107, 93, and 65, respectively) conditions. The extent of differences under different physiological settings varied depending on the bread type, without significant changes for soft wheat bread (ΔGIe = 8), whereas elderly conditions significantly reduced GIe both for durum (ΔGIe = 12) and whole (ΔGIe = 17) wheat bread. An almost strong positive correlation between protein digestibility and GIe was observed (p = 0.69), indicating that concomitantly addressing sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes can only be pursued by a compromise solution or more desirably requires identifying technological strategies to maximize protein digestibility while restraining the glycaemic response.
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31
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Almiron-Roig E, Navas-Carretero S, Castelnuovo G, Kjølbæk L, Romo-Hualde A, Normand M, Maloney N, Hardman CA, Hodgkins CE, Moshoyiannis H, Finlayson G, Scott C, Raats MM, Harrold JA, Raben A, Halford JCG, Martínez JA. Impact of acute consumption of beverages containing plant-based or alternative sweetener blends on postprandial appetite, food intake, metabolism, and gastro-intestinal symptoms: Results of the SWEET beverages trial. Appetite 2023; 184:106515. [PMID: 36849009 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Project SWEET examined the barriers and facilitators to the use of non-nutritive sweeteners and sweetness enhancers (hereafter "S&SE") alongside potential risks/benefits for health and sustainability. The Beverages trial was a double-blind multi-centre, randomised crossover trial within SWEET evaluating the acute impact of three S&SE blends (plant-based and alternatives) vs. a sucrose control on glycaemic response, food intake, appetite sensations and safety after a carbohydrate-rich breakfast meal. The blends were: mogroside V and stevia RebM; stevia RebA and thaumatin; and sucralose and acesulfame-potassium (ace-K). At each 4 h visit, 60 healthy volunteers (53% male; all with overweight/obesity) consumed a 330 mL beverage with either an S&SE blend (0 kJ) or 8% sucrose (26 g, 442 kJ), shortly followed by a standardised breakfast (∼2600 or 1800 kJ with 77 or 51 g carbohydrates, depending on sex). All blends reduced the 2-h incremental area-under-the-curve (iAUC) for blood insulin (p < 0.001 in mixed-effects models), while the stevia RebA and sucralose blends reduced the glucose iAUC (p < 0.05) compared with sucrose. Post-prandial levels of triglycerides plus hepatic transaminases did not differ across conditions (p > 0.05 for all). Compared with sucrose, there was a 3% increase in LDL-cholesterol after stevia RebA-thaumatin (p < 0.001 in adjusted models); and a 2% decrease in HDL-cholesterol after sucralose-ace-K (p < 0.01). There was an impact of blend on fullness and desire to eat ratings (both p < 0.05) and sucralose-acesulfame K induced higher prospective intake vs sucrose (p < 0.001 in adjusted models), but changes were of a small magnitude and did not translate into energy intake differences over the next 24 h. Gastro-intestinal symptoms for all beverages were mostly mild. In general, responses to a carbohydrate-rich meal following consumption of S&SE blends with stevia or sucralose were similar to sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Almiron-Roig
- University of Navarra, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dept. of Food Science and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain; University of Navarra, Center for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- University of Navarra, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dept. of Food Science and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain; University of Navarra, Center for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Louise Kjølbæk
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ana Romo-Hualde
- University of Navarra, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dept. of Food Science and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain; University of Navarra, Center for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Mie Normand
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Niamh Maloney
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | | | - Charo E Hodgkins
- Food Consumer Behaviour and Health Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | | | | | - Corey Scott
- Cargill R&D Centre Europe, Vilvoorde, Belgium.
| | - Monique M Raats
- Food Consumer Behaviour and Health Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Joanne A Harrold
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Jason C G Halford
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- University of Navarra, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dept. of Food Science and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain.
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32
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Wu J, Warren FJ. The impact of the soluble protein fraction and kernel hardness on wheat flour starch digestibility. Food Chem 2023; 406:135047. [PMID: 36459801 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Wheat is the staple crop for 35% of the world's population, providing a major source of calories, mainly in the form of starch. The digestibility of wheat starch varies between different flours and products. Wheat products that are rapidly digested elicit large post-prandial glucose peaks associated with metabolic disorders. We investigated the impact of protein on starch digestion in three commercial flours with different grain hardness. A soluble extract of wheat proteins reduced starch digestion, even following gastric proteolysis. This extract was enriched in proteinaceous α-amylase inhibitors which were partially degraded during gastric proteolysis. Starch digestion kinetic analysis was carried out for flour samples pre-treated with different pepsin activities. The rate of starch digestion was altered following pepsin pre-digestion, and the extent of starch digestion increased in response to pepsin pre-digestion. We conclude that soluble proteinaceous alpha-amylase inhibitors present in wheat can escape gastric digestion and significantly contribute to reducing starch digestion in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wu
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Frederick J Warren
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
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Palupi E, Delina N, Nurdin NM, Navratilova HF, Rimbawan R, Sulaeman A. Kidney Bean Substitution Ameliorates the Nutritional Quality of Extruded Purple Sweet Potatoes: Evaluation of Chemical Composition, Glycemic Index, and Antioxidant Capacity. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071525. [PMID: 37048345 PMCID: PMC10093800 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extrusion process may influence the nutritional profiles of carbohydrate-rich food ingredients, including the glycemic index (GI) and antioxidant capacity. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional profile of extruded purple sweet potato (EPSP) substituted with kidney bean flour (KBF) (0, 30, and 40%). These foods were further characterized by their proximate composition, resistant starch, polyphenols, GI, and antioxidant capacities. The 40% KBF substitution enhanced the protein and fiber contents of the EPSP by up to 8% and 6%, respectively. Moreover, it also revealed that EPSP with 40% KBF substitution had a low-GI category (53.1), while the 0 and 30% substitution levels had a high-GI category, i.e., 77.4 and 74.7, respectively. However, the extrusion processing reduced the anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity of purple sweet potato flour containing 40% KBF by 48% and 19%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the GI values of proteins, fats, and fibers (p < 0.05). The insignificant effect of resistant starch and phenol contents on GI value was recorded due to the low concentrations of those components. KBF substitution could ameliorate the profile of protein, fiber, and GI, but not for antioxidant capacity. The other innovative processes for preserving antioxidant capacity might improve the product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eny Palupi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Nira Delina
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Naufal M. Nurdin
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Hana F. Navratilova
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Rimbawan Rimbawan
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Sulaeman
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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Nadia J, Olenskyj AG, Stroebinger N, Hodgkinson SM, Estevez TG, Subramanian P, Singh H, Singh RP, Bornhorst GM. Cooked rice- and wheat-based food structure influenced digestion kinetics and glycemic response in growing pigs. J Nutr 2023; 153:1373-1388. [PMID: 36906148 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How starch-based food structure can impact the rate and extent of digestion in the small intestine and resulting glycemic response is not properly understood. One possible explanation is that food structure influences gastric digestion, which subsequently determines digestion kinetics in the small intestine and glucose absorption. However, this possibility has not been investigated in detail. OBJECTIVES Using growing pigs as a digestion model for adult humans, this study aimed to investigate how physical structure of starch-rich foods impacts small intestinal digestion and glycemic response. METHODS Male growing pigs (21.7 ± 1.8 kg, Large White × Landrace) were fed one of six cooked diets (250-g starch equivalent) with varying initial structures (rice grain, semolina porridge, wheat or rice couscous, or wheat or rice noodle). The glycemic response, small intestinal content particle size and hydrolyzed starch content, ileal starch digestibility, and portal vein plasma glucose were measured. Glycemic response was measured as plasma glucose collected from an in-dwelling jugular vein catheter for up to 390 min postprandial. Portal vein blood samples and small intestinal content were measured after sedation and euthanasia of the pigs at 30, 60, 120, or 240 min postprandial. Data were analyzed with a mixed-model ANOVA. RESULTS The plasma glucose Δmaxoverall and iAUCoverall for couscous and porridge diets (smaller-sized diets) were higher than intact grain and noodle diets (larger-sized diets); 29.0 ± 3.2 vs. 21.7 ± 2.6 mg/dL and 5659 ± 727 vs. 2704 ± 521 mg/dL.min, for the smaller- and larger-sized diets, respectively (p < 0.05). Ileal starch digestibility was not significantly different between diets (p ≥ 0.05). The iAUCoverall was inversely related to the starch gastric emptying half-time of the diets (r = -0.90, p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Starch-based food structure affected the glycemic response and starch digestion kinetics in the small intestine of growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nadia
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand; School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Alexander G Olenskyj
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Natascha Stroebinger
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Suzanne M Hodgkinson
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Talia G Estevez
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | | | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - R Paul Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Gail M Bornhorst
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
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Zhang R, Noronha JC, Khan TA, McGlynn N, Back S, Grant SM, Kendall CWC, Sievenpiper JL. The Effect of Non-Nutritive Sweetened Beverages on Postprandial Glycemic and Endocrine Responses: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36839408 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There has been an emerging concern that non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) can increase the risk of cardiometabolic disease. Much of the attention has focused on acute metabolic and endocrine responses to NNS. To examine whether these mechanisms are operational under real-world scenarios, we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of acute trials comparing the effects of non-nutritive sweetened beverages (NNS beverages) with water and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in humans. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library were searched through to January 15, 2022. We included acute, single-exposure, randomized, and non-randomized, clinical trials in humans, regardless of health status. Three patterns of intake were examined: (1) uncoupling interventions, where NNS beverages were consumed alone without added energy or nutrients; (2) coupling interventions, where NNS beverages were consumed together with added energy and nutrients as carbohydrates; and (3) delayed coupling interventions, where NNS beverages were consumed as a preload prior to added energy and nutrients as carbohydrates. The primary outcome was a 2 h incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for blood glucose concentration. Secondary outcomes included 2 h iAUC for insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), peptide YY (PYY), ghrelin, leptin, and glucagon concentrations. Network meta-analysis and confidence in the network meta-analysis (CINeMA) were conducted in R-studio and CINeMA, respectively. Results: Thirty-six trials involving 472 predominantly healthy participants were included. Trials examined a variety of single NNS (acesulfame potassium, aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin, stevia, and sucralose) and NNS blends (acesulfame potassium + aspartame, acesulfame potassium + sucralose, acesulfame potassium + aspartame + cyclamate, and acesulfame potassium + aspartame + sucralose), along with matched water/unsweetened controls and SSBs sweetened with various caloric sugars (glucose, sucrose, and fructose). In uncoupling interventions, NNS beverages (single or blends) had no effect on postprandial glucose, insulin, GLP-1, GIP, PYY, ghrelin, and glucagon responses similar to water controls (generally, low to moderate confidence), whereas SSBs sweetened with caloric sugars (glucose and sucrose) increased postprandial glucose, insulin, GLP-1, and GIP responses with no differences in postprandial ghrelin and glucagon responses (generally, low to moderate confidence). In coupling and delayed coupling interventions, NNS beverages had no postprandial glucose and endocrine effects similar to controls (generally, low to moderate confidence). Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that NNS beverages sweetened with single or blends of NNS have no acute metabolic and endocrine effects, similar to water. These findings provide support for NNS beverages as an alternative replacement strategy for SSBs in the acute postprandial setting.
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Amjad A, ullah A, Javed REM, Khaliq M, Ali A, Raza SQ, Iqbal S. Glycaemic index and glycaemic load of dairy based products, indigenous recipes and confectionery items of Pakistan. Int Dairy J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cui Z, Wu M, Liu K, Wang Y, Kang T, Meng S, Meng H. Associations between Conventional and Emerging Indicators of Dietary Carbohydrate Quality and New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:647. [PMID: 36771355 PMCID: PMC9919288 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary glycemic index (GI), carbohydrate to fiber ratio (CF) and carbohydrate quality index (CQI) are conventional and emerging indicators for carbohydrate quality. We aimed to investigate the associations between these indicators and new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk among Chinese adults. This prospective cohort study included 14,590 adults from the China Health and Nutrition Survey without cardiometabolic diseases at baseline. The associations between dietary GI, CF and CQI and T2DM risk were assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis and dose-response relationships were explored using restricted cubic spline and threshold analysis. After a mean follow-up duration of 10 years, a total of 1053 new-onset T2DM cases occurred. There were U-shaped associations between dietary GI and CF and T2DM risk (both P-nonlinear < 0.0001), and T2DM risk was lowest when dietary GI was 72.85 (71.40, 74.05) and CF was 20.55 (17.92, 21.91), respectively (both P-log likelihood ratio < 0.0001). Inverse associations between CQI and T2DM risk specifically existed in participants < 60 y or attended middle school or above (both P-trend < 0.05). These findings indicated that moderate dietary GI and CF range and a higher dietary CQI score may be suggested for T2DM prevention in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Cui
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Man Wu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yin Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Tong Kang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shuangli Meng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Huicui Meng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Shkembi B, Huppertz T. Glycemic Responses of Milk and Plant-Based Drinks: Food Matrix Effects. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030453. [PMID: 36765982 PMCID: PMC9914410 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of food items containing digestible carbohydrates in food products leads to postprandial increases in blood glucose levels and glycemic responses. The extent to which these occur depends on many factors, including concentration and type of carbohydrate, but also other physicochemical properties of the food matrix, which determine the rate of uptake of monosaccharides into the bloodstream, including product structure and factors affecting gastric emptying. For milk, control of postprandial glycemic responses appears to be multifaceted, including a controlled rate of gastric emptying, a rate of glucose and galactose uptake into the bloodstream controlled by enzymatic hydrolysis, as well as stimulated insulin secretion to enhance uptake of blood glucose from the bloodstream. Altogether, this allows milk to deliver comparatively high levels of carbohydrate with limited glycemic responses. For plant-based drinks positioned as milk alternatives, however, compositional differences (including carbohydrate type and concentration) as well as matrix factors limiting control over gastric emptying and insulin secretion can, in some cases, lead to much stronger glycemic responses, which are undesirable in relation to non-communicable diseases, such as type-2 diabetes. This review discusses glycemic responses to milk and plant-based drinks from this perspective, focusing on mechanistic insights and food matrix effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerina Shkembi
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thom Huppertz
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- FrieslandCampina, 3800LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Hatamoto Y, Tanoue Y, Yoshimura E, Matsumoto M, Hayashi T, Ogata H, Tanaka S, Tanaka H, Higaki Y. Delayed Eating Schedule Raises Mean Glucose Levels in Young Adult Males: a Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial. J Nutr 2023; 153:1029-1037. [PMID: 36858920 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misalignment of meals to the biological clock may cause adverse effects on glucose metabolism. However, the effects of repeated different eating schedules (early compared with late) on glucose concentration throughout the day are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We examined the effects of different eating schedules on the 24-h glucose response using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM). METHODS Eight young adult males (age, 20.9 ± 3.4 y; body mass index: 21.3 ± 1.8 kg/m2) each followed 2 different eating schedules (early [08:30, 13:30, and 19:30] and late [12:00, 17:00, and 23:00]) in random order. These diet interventions were conducted for 8 d, with an experimental period of 3 d and 2 nights (from dinner on day 7) after 7 d of free living. The 3 meals in each intervention were nutritionally equivalent (55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 30% fat). The 24-h mean interstitial glucose concentration on day 8 was obtained under controlled conditions using the CGM (primary outcome). These concentrations were compared among the following 3 schedules using Dunnett's test, with the early eating schedule as reference (1 compared with 2 and 1 compared with 3): 1) early eating schedule (control), 2) late eating schedule according to the clock time (08:00 on day 8 to 08:00 on day 9), and 3) late eating schedule according to the time elapsed since the first meal for 24 h. RESULTS The 24-h mean ± SD interstitial glucose concentrations when participants followed the late eating schedule were higher than those when they followed the early eating schedule in terms of clock time (91.2 ± 2.9 compared with 99.2 ± 4.6 mg/dL, P = 0.003) and time elapsed (91.2 ± 2.9 compared with 98.3 ± 3.8 mg/dL, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A late eating schedule increases the mean 24-h interstitial glucose concentration in young adult males. This insight will have useful implications in determining meal timings, especially for those with conditions such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Hatamoto
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan; The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yukiya Tanoue
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan; Ritsumeikan-Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Research Organization of Science and Technology, Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Eiichi Yoshimura
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Matsumoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ogata
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka, Japan
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Li C, Gao Y, Luo T, Qin S, Yao X, Wen Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhong Q, Shi H, Liu J. Effects of low-GI biscuits as pre-loads or mid-meal snacks on post-prandial glycemic excursions in women with recent gestational diabetes: A protocol for a randomized crossover trial and an extended tailored intervention. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1122102. [PMID: 37032785 PMCID: PMC10076760 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1122102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased post-prandial glycemic excursions contribute to the development of diabetes and have been observed in women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and with normal glucose tolerance at post-partum. As a convenient meal replacement, low-GI biscuits are helpful for improving glycemic excursions in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it is unknown whether low-GI biscuits as pre-loads or mid-meal snacks have a better effect in diminishing post-prandial glycemic excursions from the individual level in women with recent GDM. Therefore, the aim of this trial is to tailor a better dietary strategy utilizing low-GI biscuits (Fitmeal) to improve post-prandial glycemic excursions through within-subject comparison in such a population and observe the long-term effect of a tailored dietary approach in glycemic control. Methods We have designed a two-phase trial including a randomized, crossover, non-blinded trial in the first phase, followed by a 4-week tailored intervention in the second phase. A total of 52 post-partum women with recent GDM will be allocated into four meal plans: (1) Fitmeal pre-load 30 min before standard lunch meal (P+L), (2) Fitmeal as a mid-meal snack 2 h before standard lunch meal (S+L), (3) isocaloric standard control with co-ingestion of Fitmeal and standard lunch meal (CL) at the same time, and (4) placebo control with 200 ml of water taken 30 min before standard lunch meal (W + L), on four consecutive days. Acute post-prandial glycemic response (PGR) measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) will be compared among the four meals. In the second phase, all participants will receive a 4-week tailored intervention using Fitmeal as pre-loads or mid-meal snacks based on within-subject PGR results from the first phase. Glycemic metrics, dietary behaviors, and psychosocial factors (e.g., quality of life, self-efficacy, perceived stress, and depression) will be examined at baseline and end-point. Discussion This trial is expected to optimize the use of low-GI biscuits as pre-loads or mid-meal snacks in improving individual post-prandial glycemic excursions among women with recent GDM. Furthermore, the findings of this study will provide novel information on how to deliver an effective dietary intervention at the individual level and guide future clinical practice of medical nutrition therapy for diabetes prevention. Trial registration number Chinese clinical trial registry, ChiCTR2200060923.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Li
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Women Health Department, Chengdu Jintang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Affiliated Women and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tongyong Luo
- Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Affiliated Women and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiji Qin
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Yao
- Healthcare Department, Chengdu Jinjiang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Wen
- Chengdu Tianyi Cuisine Nutritional Food Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Affiliated Women and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiong Zhong
- Women Health Department, Chengdu Jintang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Healthcare Department, Chengdu Jinniu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Affiliated Women and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Liu
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Yaregal Z, Baye K, Solomon WK. The influence of dough kneading time and flour particle size distribution on white bread structure, glycemic response and aspects of appetite. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 52:68-77. [PMID: 36513488 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS White bread is widely consumed in many countries despite being a high-glycemic index (GI) food. It has been shown that the "food matrix effect" may help with diabetes and obesity management through lowering GI and appetite. This study aimed at investigating the effects of dough kneading time and flour particle size on white bread structure, glycemic response, and aspects of appetite. METHODS A two-phase randomized cross-over design was used in 10 healthy subjects over the course of 2 h. In phase 1, Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) attributes, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image, glycemic response, and appetite aspects of white bread made with a 15-min dough kneading time (K15) were compared with white bread made with a 10-min dough kneading time (K10). In phase 2, TPA, SEM image, glycemic response, and satiety score of white bread made with coarse flour (CF) were compared to white bread made with fine flour (FF). RESULT With increasing hardness (force required to compress a food between the molars to a given deformation), total blood glucose IAUC in K15 (IAUC = 119 ± 12; GI = 66) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than in K10 (IAUC = 154 ± 10; GI = 81). No marked difference was observed between K15 and K10 on aspects of appetite except for hunger. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in glycemic response between CF (IAUC = 126 ± 18; GI = 64) and FF (IAUC = 147 ± 12; GI = 81). Similarly, no discernible difference in satiety between CF and FF. CONCLUSION Changes in processing conditions can improve blood glucose response relalated to white bread consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemenu Yaregal
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Center for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Kaleab Baye
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Center for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - W K Solomon
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Consumer Sciences, University of Eswatini, Eswatini.
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Visuthranukul C, Sampatanukul P, Aroonparkmongkol S, Sirimongkol P, Chomtho S. Glycemic index and glycemic load of common fruit juices in Thailand. J Health Popul Nutr 2022; 41:5. [PMID: 35227323 PMCID: PMC8886830 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-022-00284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The glycemic index (GI) reflects body responses to different carbohydrate-rich foods. Generally, it cannot be simply predicted from the composition of the food but needs in vivo testing. Methods Healthy adult volunteers with normal body mass index were recruited. Each volunteer was asked to participate in the study center twice in the first week to consume the reference glucose (50 g) and once a week thereafter to consume the study fruit juices in a random order. The study fruit juices were Florida orange juice, Tangerine orange juice, Blackcurrant mixed juice, and Veggie V9 orange carrot juice which were already available on the market. The serving size of each fruit juice was calculated to provide 50 g of glycemic carbohydrate. The fasting and subsequent venous blood samplings were obtained through the indwelling venous catheters at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after the test drink consumption and immediately sent for plasma glucose and insulin. GI and insulin indices were calculated from the incremental area under the curve of postprandial glucose of the test drink divided by the reference drink. Glycemic load (GL) was calculated from the GI multiplied by carbohydrate content in the serving size. Results A total of 12 volunteers participated in the study. Plasma glucose and insulin peaked at 30 min after the drink was consumed, and then started to decline at 120 min. Tangerine orange juice had the lowest GI (34.1 ± 18.7) and GL (8.1 g). Veggie V9 had the highest GI (69.6 ± 43.3) but it was in the third GL rank (12.4 g). The insulin responses correlated well with the GI. Fructose to glucose ratio was inversely associated with GI and insulin responses for all study fruit juices. Fiber contents in the study juices did not correlate with glycemic and insulin indices. Conclusions The GIs of fruit juices were varied but consistently showed a positive correlation with insulin indices. Fruit juices with low GI are a healthier choice for people with diabetes as well as individuals who want to stay healthy since it produces more subtle postprandial glucose and insulin responses.
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Corrêa CR, da Costa BGG, Silva KS, Shivappa N, Wirth MD, Hébert JR, Nunes EA. A higher energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index is positively associated with total and visceral body fat in young male adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 35:1136-1150. [PMID: 35377488 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII™) has been associated with a high body mass index and markers of chronic diseases. Also, pro-inflammatory diets with a high E-DII have been positively associated with metabolic disturbances such as glucose intolerance and type II diabetes mellitus. However, it is unclear whether E-DII scores are positively associated with body fat percentage and visceral fat per se. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate whether the E-DII is associated with body fat content and metabolic health indicators in lean and obese young men. METHODS The present study was conducted on 59 participants, without comorbidities, not using tobacco, medication and nutritional supplements. Dietary data were obtained by 3-day food records to calculate E-DII scores based on 28 food parameters. Body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood samples were taken to measure fasting glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. An oral glucose tolerance test also was performed. Associations were determined by mixed-effects linear regression. RESULTS E-DII scores ranged from -3.48 to +3.10. Energy intake was similar across E-DII tertiles. After adjusting for covariates, the highest E-DII tertile was associated with increased body fat, visceral adipose tissue and waist circumference. There was no association between E-DII scores and glycaemic parameters. CONCLUSIONS In young participants, a dietary pattern with a higher E-DII (i.e., pro-inflammatory) score was associated with high body fat and markers of central adiposity assessed by DXA, regardless of body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia R Corrêa
- Health Sciences Center, Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruno G G da Costa
- Sports Center, Physical Education Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Kelly S Silva
- Sports Center, Physical Education Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael D Wirth
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Everson A Nunes
- Health Sciences Center, Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Lympaki F, Giannoglou M, Magriplis E, Bothou DL, Andreou V, Dimitriadis GD, Markou G, Zampelas A, Theodorou G, Katsaros G, Papakonstantinou E. Short-Term Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Glycemic Responses and Blood Pressure in Healthy Young Adults: Results from Two Randomized Clinical Trials. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121180. [PMID: 36557218 PMCID: PMC9787962 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of spirulina consumption added in foods were investigated in two crossover clinical trials (n = 13 different healthy adults). In Trial-1 adults consumed cookies with-and-without spirulina (3.12 g per 100 g final product; 2.5 g spirulina per 50 g available carbohydrates) according to glycemic index (GI) methodology. In Trial-2, adults consumed 4 g, 6 g, and 8 g spirulina as beverage diluted in 50 g D-glucose vs. 50 g plain D-glucose. Capillary blood glucose samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min and blood pressure (BP) was measured at beginning and end of each visit in both trials. Trial-1: both cookies with and without spirulina provided medium GI values (59 and 60, respectively, on glucose-scale), but no significant differences were found for BP. Trial-2: both 4 g and 8 g spirulina lowered postprandial glucose at 120 min (95% CI: -1.64 to -16.12 and -1.23 to -15.87, respectively). The results explained 29% of variation. Only 8 g spirulina decreased significantly 90-120 min area under the curve (AUC) for glucose and systolic BP (-4%). No differences were found for fasting glucose. Adding spirulina to cookies did not affect glucose responses and BP. Only 8 g provided significantly lower 90-120 min-AUC for glucose and BP compared to 4 g, 6 g-and-D-glucose, indicating advantages to glycemic control and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Lympaki
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Giannoglou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”, 14123 Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - Emmanuella Magriplis
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysia Lydia Bothou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Varvara Andreou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”, 14123 Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - George D. Dimitriadis
- Sector of Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Giorgos Markou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”, 14123 Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - Antonis Zampelas
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Theodorou
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - George Katsaros
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”, 14123 Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - Emilia Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Kawai N, Honda M, Nishina E, Ueno O, Fukushima A, Ohmura R, Fujita N, Oohashi T. Positive effect of inaudible high-frequency components of sounds on glucose tolerance: a quasi-experimental crossover study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18463. [PMID: 36323763 PMCID: PMC9630438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although stress significantly impacts on various metabolic syndromes, including diabetes mellitus, most stress management techniques are based on psychological and subjective approaches. This study examined how the presence or absence of the inaudible high-frequency component (HFC) of sounds, which activates deep-brain structures, affects glucose tolerance in healthy participants using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Sounds containing HFC suppressed the increase in glucose levels measured by incremental area under the curve in the OGTT compared with the otherwise same sounds without HFC. The suppression effect of HFC was more prominent in the older age group and the group with high HbA1c. This suggests that sounds with HFC are more effective in improving glucose tolerance in individuals at a higher risk of glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norie Kawai
- grid.452483.c0000 0001 2113 4217Department of Research and Development, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Japan ,grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Information Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Manabu Honda
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Information Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Emi Nishina
- grid.412875.d0000 0000 8667 6925Department of Liberal Arts, The Open University of Japan, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Ueno
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Information Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Ariko Fukushima
- grid.444357.50000 0004 0370 2606Center for Liberal Arts and Basic Education, Edogawa University, Nagareyama, Japan
| | - Rikka Ohmura
- grid.412875.d0000 0000 8667 6925Department of Liberal Arts, The Open University of Japan, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nahiko Fujita
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XGraduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Oohashi
- grid.452483.c0000 0001 2113 4217Department of Research and Development, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Japan
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Williamson G. Effects of Polyphenols on Glucose-Induced Metabolic Changes in Healthy Human Subjects and on Glucose Transporters. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101113. [PMID: 35315210 PMCID: PMC9788283 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols interact with glucose transporters in the small intestine and modulate glucose uptake after food or beverage consumption. This review assesses the transporter interaction in vitro and how this translates to an effect in healthy volunteers consuming glucose. As examples, the apple polyphenol phlorizin inhibits sodium-glucose linked transporter-1; in the intestinal lumen, it is converted to phloretin, a strong inhibitor of glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2), by the brush border digestive enzyme lactase. Consequently, an apple extract rich in phlorizin attenuates blood glucose and insulin in healthy volunteers after a glucose challenge. On the other hand, the olive phenolic, oleuropein, inhibits GLUT2, but the strength of the inhibition is not enough to modulate blood glucose after a glucose challenge in healthy volunteers. Multiple metabolic effects and oxidative stresses after glucose consumption include insulin, incretin hormones, fatty acids, amino acids, and protein markers. However, apart from acute postprandial effects on glucose, insulin, and some incretin hormones, very little is known about the acute effects of polyphenols on these glucose-induced secondary effects. In summary, attenuation of the effect of a glucose challenge in vivo is only observed when polyphenols are strong inhibitors of glucose transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash UniversityBASE Facility, 264 Ferntree Gully RoadNotting HillVIC 3168Australia
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Yanni AE, Kokkinos A, Binou P, Papaioannou V, Halabalaki M, Konstantopoulos P, Simati S, Karathanos VT. Postprandial Glucose and Gastrointestinal Hormone Responses of Healthy Subjects to Wheat Biscuits Enriched with L-Arginine or Branched-Chain Amino Acids of Plant Origin. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204381. [PMID: 36297065 PMCID: PMC9611898 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigates the effects of wheat biscuits supplemented with plant flours originating from legumes/seeds enriched either in L-arginine (L-arg) or branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on postprandial glucose response of healthy subjects. Gastrointestinal hormone and amino acid responses as well as subjective appetite sensations are also evaluated. Subjects consumed wheat-based biscuits, enriched either in L-arg (ArgB) or BCAAs (BCAAsB) or a conventional wheat biscuit (CB) or a glucose solution (GS) in an acute randomized crossover design. Responses of glucose, insulin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY) and glicentin, as well as those of L-arginine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine and L-valine, were evaluated over 180 min. Consumption of ArgB and BCAAsB elicited lower glucose iAUC compared to GS (p < 0.05). A lower iAUC for insulin was observed after consumption of BCAAsB (p < 0.05 compared to CB and ArgB), while ArgB elicited higher iAUC for GLP-1 accompanied by higher glicentin response (p < 0.05 compared to CB). BCAAsB and ArgB increased postprandial amino acid concentrations and caused stronger satiety effects compared to CB. Increasing protein content of wheat biscuits with supplementation of plant flours originating from legumes/seeds decreases postprandial glycemia and provides with healthier snack alternatives which can easily be incorporated into diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia E. Yanni
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-9549174
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Binou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Varvara Papaioannou
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Konstantopoulos
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgery Research, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatia Simati
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vaios T. Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
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Ballance S, Mæhre HK, Rieder A, Arslan Lied G, Hindar Tvedt EK, Dierkes J. The solution properties of galactomannan after simulated digestion of guar fortified bread predict the extent of postprandial insulin reduction in healthy adult overweight subjects. Food Funct 2022; 13:9810-9821. [PMID: 36134506 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01762h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coil overlap occurs when random coil polysaccharides such as cereal beta-glucan or galactomannan in solution are abundant enough and large enough to entangle with one another to form networks. It was recently shown that this concept applied to in vitro digested cereal-based foods could predict the efficacy of the food to reduce postprandial glycaemia. In the current study we further investigate the role of coil overlap for prediction of glycaemic and insulinaemic responses using four guar fortified breads (10-15% wheat flour replacement level) with galactomannans of different weight-average molecular weight (Mw). The breads, including a wheat flour control, were tested in a randomised crossover study in 12 overweight adults. Addition of guar reduced postprandial serum insulin, but not glucose responses. The extent of postprandial insulin reduction correlated with the solution properties of galactomannan after in vitro digestion. A significantly greater reduction in insulin response was observed for two of the breads where the galactomannan Mw and concentration in solution after in vitro digestion was above coil overlap, in contrast to two other breads, which resulted in digests containing galactomannan below coil overlap and a significantly lower reduction of postprandial insulin. Further in vitro digestion experiments focusing on amylolysis of starch with kinetic modelling showed a greater proportion of slowly digested starch in breads with galactomannan above coil overlap than below. A combination of the molecular weight of dietary fibre in a food and its soluble concentration are key parameters explaining its physiological efficiency in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ballance
- Nofima AS - Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, Osloveien 1, N-1433 Ås, Norway.
| | - Hanne K Mæhre
- Nofima AS - Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, Osloveien 1, N-1433 Ås, Norway.
| | - Anne Rieder
- Nofima AS - Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, Osloveien 1, N-1433 Ås, Norway.
| | - Gülen Arslan Lied
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology, Clinic of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Espen K Hindar Tvedt
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Jutta Dierkes
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway.,Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Thennakoon TPAU, Ekanayake S. Sri Lankan traditional parboiled rice: A panacea for hyperglycaemia? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273386. [PMID: 36107869 PMCID: PMC9477285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The research aimed to scientifically prove that parboiled Sri Lankan traditional rice elicits lower glycaemic responses comparative to raw unpolished or polished rice. Thus the proximate composition and glycaemic indices (GI) of raw, raw polished, and parboiled traditional Sri Lankan rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties Godaheenati, Batapola el, Dik wee, Dahanala, Unakola samba, and Hangimuththan were studied as comparative data are not available. Cooked parboiled rice contained significantly high moisture (P<0.05) than raw or raw polished. Mineral content was low (<1.5%) regardless of processing. Crude protein was comparatively high (5.8–11.0% DM) with 2.1–5% (DM) fat with raw unpolished and parboiled having higher contents. Digestible starch of raw polished was highest compared to parboiled or raw unpolished (68.8–90.5% DM). Resistant starch was significantly (P<0.05) high in parboiled rice (1.1–7.2%) with the least total dietary fibre in raw polished rice. All varieties of parboiled and raw polished were found to elicit low GI and high GI respectively. High moisture, high resistant starch, and low starch in cooked parboiled rice contributed to low GI compared to raw unpolished or raw polished rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. P. A. U. Thennakoon
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - S. Ekanayake
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- * E-mail: ,
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Shakappa D, Naik R, Sobhana PP. Glycemic carbohydrates, glycemic index, and glycemic load of commonly consumed South Indian breakfast foods. J Food Sci Technol 2022; 59:3619-3626. [PMID: 35875218 PMCID: PMC9304465 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study is aimed to develop the database on glycemic carbohydrates, glycemic index and glycemic load of commonly consumed breakfast foods of South India. Twenty-three varieties of commonly consumed breakfast foods of South India were tested. The data on glycemic carbohydrates were developed by using a modified method of anthrone followed by glycemic index and glycemic load by using FAO/WHO method. The results of glycemic carbohydrates among the commonly consumed breakfast foods range from 49.63% (vada sambar) to 71.84% (vegetable biryani). The results of the glycemic index among the commonly consumed breakfast foods were shown highest of 79.69 (onion dosa) and lowest of 36.89 (vada sambar). The results of the glycemic load of commonly consumed breakfast foods tested were shown highest of 39.69 (plain dosa) and lowest of 18.44 (vada sambar) respectively. The glycemic carbohydrates, glycemic indices and glycemic loads among the breakfast foods tested were almost similar except for vada sambar. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report glycemic carbohydrate, glycemic index and glycemic load of commonly consumed breakfast foods of South India and found to be higher in rice-based breakfast foods than that of legume-based breakfast foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devindra Shakappa
- Department of Dietetics, National Institute of Nutrition, (ICMR), Hyderabad, 500 007 Telangana India
| | - Rakesh Naik
- Department of Dietetics, National Institute of Nutrition, (ICMR), Hyderabad, 500 007 Telangana India
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