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Ma J, Zhou Y, Chen J, Guo S, Zhang W, Yi X, Du P, Wang Y, Chen J, Li S, Gao T, Li C, Jian Z. Exosomes enriched with miR-31-3p from keratinocytes under oxidative stress promote vitiligo progression by destructing melanocytes and activating CD8 + T cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 310:143070. [PMID: 40220810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a skin disease characterized by the destruction of epidermal melanocytes due to oxidative stress. Keratinocytes are the main responder to oxidative stress and facilitate melanocyte loss by inducing melanocyte death and recruiting antigen-specific CD8+ T cell to skin to destroy melanocytes. It has been proved that keratinocytes secrete functional exosomes, but the role of exosomes secreted from keratinocytes under oxidative stress in vitiligo pathogenesis is unknown. The present study investigated the role of exosomes from H2O2-treated human keratinocytes in the vitiligo progression in vitro. and in vivo. The results demonstrated that oxidative stress enhanced the secretion of exosomes from keratinocytes. These exosomes (OS-Exos) suppressed the survival of melanocytes while promoting the proliferation and activation of CD8+ T cells in vitro. Then, we confirmed that OS-Exos administration aggravated melanocyte loss and CD8+ T cell infiltration in the epidermis in the vitiligo mouse model, thereby driving vitiligo progression. Further, we performed Small RNAs-seq to screen miRNAs enriched in OS-Exos. The subsequent results revealed that miR-31-3p, which was enriched in OS-Exos, facilitated melanocyte death and decreased the expression of melanogenesis-related genes through MITF signaling. Meanwhile, it was found that miR-31-3p promoted the activation of CD8+ T cells, which could depend on impaired immunosuppression and activated T-cell growth. Taken together, these data suggest that OS-Exos enriched with miR-31-3p facilitated vitiligo progression through the destruction of melanocytes and activation of CD8+ T cells. Keratinocytes-derived exosomes under oxidative stress could serve as an important mediator for oxidative stress-induced killing of melanocytes in vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianru Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengran Du
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinghan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhe Jian
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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2
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Burga RA, Aksoy BA, Ao Z, Tchaicha JH, Sethi DK, Villasmil Ocando A, Kulkarni GS, Lajoie S, Pedro KD, Tremblay JR, Langley M, Primack B, Young VA, Ross T, Khattar M, Sun D, Li DJ, Subramanian S, Ols M, Ter Meulen J. IL-2-independent expansion, persistence, and antitumor activity in TIL expressing regulatable membrane-bound IL-15. Mol Ther 2025:S1525-0016(25)00310-7. [PMID: 40285351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2025] [Accepted: 04/22/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has demonstrated great potential for patients with treatment-refractory metastatic melanoma. However, the need for interleukin-2 (IL-2) co-administration during TIL cell therapy limits patient eligibility and restricts treatment to intensive care units due to the risk of severe side effects. Instead, engineering TIL with membrane-bound interleukin-15 (mbIL15) has the potential to promote TIL expansion, antitumor activity, and persistence of CD8+ T cells, without the use of IL-2. cytoTIL15 cells express mbIL15 fused to a drug-responsive domain (DRD) that is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration-approved small-molecule drug acetazolamide (ACZ). As such, cytoTIL15 cells are manufactured with ACZ instead of IL-2, in the presence of engineered feeder cells. The cytoTIL15 cell product exhibits ACZ dose-dependent expansion and persistence in vitro and in vivo and potent tumor-killing activity in human melanoma models in the absence of IL-2. In patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors, spatial profiling revealed infiltrating cytoTIL15 cells to be highly cytotoxic and less exhausted than non-engineered TIL. This novel platform creates a powerful, IL-2-free TIL cell therapy with a potentially improved tolerability and safety profile, while allowing individualized pharmacologic regulation of the TIL product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Burga
- Research and Development, Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Zheng Ao
- Research and Development, Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Dhruv K Sethi
- Research and Development, Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Gauri S Kulkarni
- Research and Development, Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott Lajoie
- Research and Development, Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kyle D Pedro
- Research and Development, Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Meghan Langley
- Research and Development, Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Primack
- Research and Development, Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Violet A Young
- Research and Development, Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Theresa Ross
- Research and Development, Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mithun Khattar
- Research and Development, Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dexue Sun
- Research and Development, Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dan Jun Li
- Research and Development, Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Michelle Ols
- Research and Development, Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jan Ter Meulen
- Research and Development, Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
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3
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Arnet L, Emilius L, Hamann A, Carmo-Fonseca M, Berking C, Dörrie J, Schaft N. The Influence of Indisulam on Human Immune Effector Cells: Is a Combination with Immunotherapy Feasible? Pharmaceutics 2025; 17:368. [PMID: 40143032 PMCID: PMC11945250 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: As a modulator of pre-mRNA splicing, the anti-cancer agent indisulam can induce aberrantly spliced neoantigens, enabling immunologic anti-tumor activity. Consequently, combining indisulam with immunotherapy is expected to be a promising novel approach in cancer therapy. However, a prerequisite for such a combination is that immune effector cells remain functional and unharmed by the chemical. Methods: To ensure the immunocompetence of human immune effector cells is maintained, we investigated the influence of indisulam on ex vivo-isolated T cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) from healthy donors. We used indisulam concentrations from 0.625 µM to 160 µM and examined the impact on the following: (i) the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by CD3-crosslinking and via a high-affinity TCR, (ii) the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells, (iii) the maturation process of moDCs, and (iv) antigen-specific CD8+ T cell priming. Results: We observed dose-dependent inhibitory effects of indisulam, and substantial inhibition occurred at concentrations around 10 µM, but the various functions of the immune system exhibited different sensitivities. The weaker activation of T cells via CD3-crosslinking was more sensitive than the stronger activation via the high-affinity TCR. T cells remained capable of killing tumor cells after treatment with indisulam up to 40 µM, but T cell cytotoxicity was impaired at 160 µM indisulam. While moDC maturation was also rather resistant, T cell priming was almost completely abolished at a concentration of 10 µM. Conclusions: These effects should be considered in possible future combinations of immunotherapy with the mRNA splicing inhibitor indisulam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Arnet
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität ErlangenNürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.A.); (L.E.); (A.H.); (C.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisabeth Emilius
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität ErlangenNürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.A.); (L.E.); (A.H.); (C.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annett Hamann
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität ErlangenNürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.A.); (L.E.); (A.H.); (C.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Carmo-Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität ErlangenNürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.A.); (L.E.); (A.H.); (C.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität ErlangenNürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.A.); (L.E.); (A.H.); (C.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität ErlangenNürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.A.); (L.E.); (A.H.); (C.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Kar S, Verma D, Mehrotra S, Prajapati VK. Reconfiguring the immune system to target cancer: Therapies based on T cells, cytokines, and vaccines. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2025; 144:77-150. [PMID: 39978976 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
Over the years, extensive research has been dedicated to performing in-depth analysis of cancer to uncover the intricate details of its nature - including the types of cancer, causative agents, stimulators of disease progression, factors contributing to poor prognosis, and efficient therapies to restrict the metastatic aggressiveness. This chapter highlights the mechanisms through which different arms of the host immune system - namely cytokines, lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) -can be mobilized to eradicate cancer. Most malignant tumors are either poorly immunogenic, or are harbored in a highly immuno-suppressive microenvironment. This is why reinforcing the host's anti-tumor defenses, through infusion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor antigen-loaded APCs, and anti-tumor cytotoxic cells has emerged as a viable treatment option against cancer. The chapter also highlights the ongoing preclinical and clinical studies in different malignancies and the outcome of various therapies. Although these methods are not foolproof, and antigen escape variants can still evade or develop resistance to customized therapies, they achieve disease stabilization in several cases when conventional treatments fail. In many instances, combination therapies involving cytokines, T cells, and vaccinations prove more effective than monotherapies. The limitations of the current therapies are also discussed, along with ongoing modifications aimed at improving efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sramona Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjana Mehrotra
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India.
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5
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Dong B, Obermajer N, Tsuji T, Matsuzaki J, Bonura CM, Sander C, Withers H, Long MD, Chavel C, Olejniczak SH, Minderman H, Kirkwood JM, Edwards RP, Storkus WJ, Romero P, Kalinski P. NK Receptor Signaling Lowers TCR Activation Threshold, Enhancing Selective Recognition of Cancer Cells by TAA-Specific CTLs. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:1421-1437. [PMID: 38949179 PMCID: PMC11706306 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-24-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte (CTL) recognition of non-mutated tumor-associated antigens (TAA), present on cancer cells and also in healthy tissues, is an important element of cancer immunity, but the mechanism of its selectivity for cancer cells and opportunities for its enhancement remain elusive. In this study, we found that CTL expression of the NK receptors (NKR) DNAM1 and NKG2D was associated with the effector status of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and long-term survival of patients with melanoma. Using MART1 and NY-ESO-1 as model TAAs, we demonstrated that DNAM1 and NKG2D regulate T-cell receptor (TCR) functional avidity and set the threshold for TCR activation of human TAA-specific CTLs. Superior co-stimulatory effects of DNAM1 over CD28 involved enhanced TCR signaling, CTL killer function, and polyfunctionality. Double transduction of human CTLs with TAA-specific TCR and NKRs resulted in strongly enhanced antigen sensitivity, without a reduction in antigen specificity and selectivity of killer function. In addition, the elevation of NKR ligand expression on cancer cells due to chemotherapy also increased CTL recognition of cancer cells expressing low levels of TAAs. Our data help explain the ability of self-antigens to mediate tumor rejection in the absence of autoimmunity and support the development of dual-targeting adoptive T-cell therapies that use NKRs to enhance the potency and selectivity of recognition of TAA-expressing cancer cells.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/metabolism
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- MART-1 Antigen/immunology
- MART-1 Antigen/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- T Lineage-Specific Activation Antigen 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Dong
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nataša Obermajer
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Takemasa Tsuji
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Cindy M. Bonura
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Cindy Sander
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Henry Withers
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Mark D. Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Colin Chavel
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Scott H. Olejniczak
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Hans Minderman
- Department of Flow and Immune Analysis Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Robert P. Edwards
- Department of OB-GYN, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Walter J. Storkus
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Pedro Romero
- University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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6
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Brandenburg A, Heine A, Brossart P. Next-generation cancer vaccines and emerging immunotherapy combinations. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:749-769. [PMID: 39048489 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have been a subject of research for several decades as potential new weapons to tackle malignancies. Their goal is to induce a long-lasting and efficient antitumour-directed immune response, capable of mediating tumour regression, preventing tumour progression, and eradicating minimal residual disease, while avoiding major adverse effects. Development of new vaccine technologies and antigen prediction methods has led to significant improvements in cancer vaccine efficacy. However, for their successful clinical application, certain obstacles still need to be overcome, especially tumour-mediated immunosuppression and escape mechanisms. In this review, we introduce therapeutic cancer vaccines and subsequently discuss combination approaches of next-generation cancer vaccines and existing immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and adoptive cell transfer/cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Brandenburg
- Medical Clinic III of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annkristin Heine
- Medical Clinic III of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Medical Clinic III of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Immune-Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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7
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Sueangoen N, Thuwajit P, Yenchitsomanus PT, Thuwajit C. Public neoantigens in breast cancer immunotherapy (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 54:65. [PMID: 38904202 PMCID: PMC11188978 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Among women globally, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the leading cause of cancer‑related death. Interestingly, though genetic mutations contribute to the disease, <15% of women diagnosed with breast cancer have a family history of the disease, suggesting a prevalence of sporadic genetic mutations in breast cancer development. In the rapidly rising field of cancer genomics, neoantigen‑based immunotherapy has come to the fore. The investigation of novel proteins arising from unique somatic mutations or neoantigens have opened a new pathway for both individualized and public cancer treatments. Because they are shared among individuals with similar genetic changes, public neoantigens provide an opportunity for 'off‑the‑shelf' anticancer therapies, potentially extending the benefits to a wider patient group. The present review aimed to highlight the role of shared or public neoantigens as therapeutic targets for patients with breast cancer, emphasizing common hotspot mutations of certain genes identified in breast cancer. The clinical utilization of public neoantigen‑based therapies for breast cancer treatment were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthaporn Sueangoen
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Peti Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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8
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Ragone C, Mauriello A, Cavalluzzo B, Cavalcanti E, Russo L, Manolio C, Mangano S, Cembrola B, Tagliamonte M, Buonaguro L. Molecular mimicry of SARS-COV-2 antigens as a possible natural anti-cancer preventive immunization. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1398002. [PMID: 38947322 PMCID: PMC11211543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1398002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the present study we investigated whether peptides derived from the entire SARS-CoV-2 proteome share homology to TAAs (tumor-associated antigens) and cross-reactive CD8+ T cell can be elicited by the BNT162b2 preventive vaccine or the SARS-CoV-2 natural infection. Methods and results Viral epitopes with high affinity (<100nM) to the HLA-A*02:01 allele were predicted. Shared and variant-specific epitopes were identified. Significant homologies in amino acidic sequence have been found between SARS-CoV-2 peptides and multiple TAAs, mainly associated with breast, liver, melanoma and colon cancers. The molecular mimicry of the viral epitopes and the TAAs was found in all viral proteins, mostly the Orf 1ab and the Spike, which is included in the BNT162b2 vaccine. Predicted structural similarities confirmed the sequence homology and comparable patterns of contact with both HLA and TCR α and β chains were observed. CD8+ T cell clones cross-reactive with the paired peptides have been found by MHC class l-dextramer staining. Conclusions Our results show for the first time that several SARS-COV-2 antigens are highly homologous to TAAs and cross-reactive T cells are identified in infected and BNT162b2 preventive vaccinated individuals. The implication would be that the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic could represent a natural preventive immunization for breast, liver, melanoma and colon cancers. In the coming years, real-world evidences will provide the final proof for such immunological experimental evidence. Moreover, such SARS-CoV-2 epitopes can be used to develop "multi-cancer" off-the-shelf preventive/therapeutic vaccine formulations, with higher antigenicity and immunogenicity than over-expressed tumor self-antigens, for the potential valuable benefit of thousands of cancer patients around the World.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Ragone
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - “Fond G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Mauriello
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - “Fond G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cavalluzzo
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - “Fond G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ernesta Cavalcanti
- Lab of Clinical Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - “Fond G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Russo
- Lab of Clinical Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - “Fond G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Manolio
- Clinical and Epidemiological Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera – University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Simona Mangano
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - “Fond G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Cembrola
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - “Fond G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Tagliamonte
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - “Fond G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - “Fond G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
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9
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Hesnard L, Thériault C, Cahuzac M, Durette C, Vincent K, Hardy MP, Lanoix J, Lavallée GO, Humeau J, Thibault P, Perreault C. Immunogenicity of Non-Mutated Ovarian Cancer-Specific Antigens. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:3099-3121. [PMID: 38920720 PMCID: PMC11203340 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31060236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has not significantly benefited from advances in immunotherapy, mainly because of the lack of well-defined actionable antigen targets. Using proteogenomic analyses of primary EOC tumors, we previously identified 91 aberrantly expressed tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) originating from unmutated genomic sequences. Most of these TSAs derive from non-exonic regions, and their expression results from cancer-specific epigenetic changes. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of 48 TSAs selected according to two criteria: presentation by highly prevalent HLA allotypes and expression in a significant fraction of EOC tumors. Using targeted mass spectrometry analyses, we found that pulsing with synthetic TSA peptides leads to a high-level presentation on dendritic cells. TSA abundance correlated with the predicted binding affinity to the HLA allotype. We stimulated naïve CD8 T cells from healthy blood donors with TSA-pulsed dendritic cells and assessed their expansion with two assays: MHC-peptide tetramer staining and TCR Vβ CDR3 sequencing. We report that these TSAs can expand sizeable populations of CD8 T cells and, therefore, represent attractive targets for EOC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Hesnard
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (L.H.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (K.V.); (M.-P.H.); (J.L.); (G.O.L.); (J.H.); (P.T.)
| | - Catherine Thériault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (L.H.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (K.V.); (M.-P.H.); (J.L.); (G.O.L.); (J.H.); (P.T.)
| | - Maxime Cahuzac
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (L.H.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (K.V.); (M.-P.H.); (J.L.); (G.O.L.); (J.H.); (P.T.)
| | - Chantal Durette
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (L.H.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (K.V.); (M.-P.H.); (J.L.); (G.O.L.); (J.H.); (P.T.)
| | - Krystel Vincent
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (L.H.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (K.V.); (M.-P.H.); (J.L.); (G.O.L.); (J.H.); (P.T.)
| | - Marie-Pierre Hardy
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (L.H.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (K.V.); (M.-P.H.); (J.L.); (G.O.L.); (J.H.); (P.T.)
| | - Joël Lanoix
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (L.H.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (K.V.); (M.-P.H.); (J.L.); (G.O.L.); (J.H.); (P.T.)
| | - Gabriel Ouellet Lavallée
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (L.H.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (K.V.); (M.-P.H.); (J.L.); (G.O.L.); (J.H.); (P.T.)
| | - Juliette Humeau
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (L.H.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (K.V.); (M.-P.H.); (J.L.); (G.O.L.); (J.H.); (P.T.)
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (L.H.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (K.V.); (M.-P.H.); (J.L.); (G.O.L.); (J.H.); (P.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Claude Perreault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (L.H.); (C.T.); (M.C.); (C.D.); (K.V.); (M.-P.H.); (J.L.); (G.O.L.); (J.H.); (P.T.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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10
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Upadhye A, Meza Landeros KE, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Schmiedel BJ, Woo E, Chee SJ, Malicki D, Coufal NG, Gonda D, Levy ML, Greenbaum JA, Seumois G, Crawford J, Roberts WD, Schoenberger SP, Cheroutre H, Ottensmeier CH, Vijayanand P, Ganesan AP. Intra-tumoral T cells in pediatric brain tumors display clonal expansion and effector properties. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:791-807. [PMID: 38228835 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Brain tumors in children are a devastating disease in a high proportion of patients. Owing to inconsistent results in clinical trials in unstratified patients, the role of immunotherapy remains unclear. We performed an in-depth survey of the single-cell transcriptomes and clonal relationship of intra-tumoral T cells from children with brain tumors. Our results demonstrate that a large fraction of T cells in the tumor tissue are clonally expanded with the potential to recognize tumor antigens. Such clonally expanded T cells display enrichment of transcripts linked to effector function, tissue residency, immune checkpoints and signatures of neoantigen-specific T cells and immunotherapy response. We identify neoantigens in pediatric brain tumors and show that neoantigen-specific T cell gene signatures are linked to better survival outcomes. Notably, among the patients in our cohort, we observe substantial heterogeneity in the degree of clonal expansion and magnitude of T cell response. Our findings suggest that characterization of intra-tumoral T cell responses may enable selection of patients for immunotherapy, an approach that requires prospective validation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Upadhye
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin E Meza Landeros
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Edwin Woo
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Serena J Chee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Denise Malicki
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole G Coufal
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Gonda
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael L Levy
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - John Crawford
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Children's Hospital Orange County, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - William D Roberts
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Christian H Ottensmeier
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Clatterbridge Cancer Center NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Anusha-Preethi Ganesan
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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11
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Kristensen NP, Dionisio E, Bentzen AK, Tamhane T, Kemming JS, Nos G, Voss LF, Hansen UK, Lauer GM, Hadrup SR. Simultaneous analysis of pMHC binding and reactivity unveils virus-specific CD8 T cell immunity to a concise epitope set. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm8951. [PMID: 38608022 PMCID: PMC11014448 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm8951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
CD8 T cells provide immunity to virus infection through recognition of epitopes presented by peptide major histocompatibility complexes (pMHCs). To establish a concise panel of widely recognized T cell epitopes from common viruses, we combined analysis of TCR down-regulation upon stimulation with epitope-specific enumeration based on barcode-labeled pMHC multimers. We assess CD8 T cell binding and reactivity for 929 previously reported epitopes in the context of 1 of 25 HLA alleles representing 29 viruses. The prevalence and magnitude of CD8 T cell responses were evaluated in 48 donors and reported along with 137 frequently recognized virus epitopes, many of which were underrepresented in the public domain. Eighty-four percent of epitope-specific CD8 T cell populations demonstrated reactivity to peptide stimulation, which was associated with effector and long-term memory phenotypes. Conversely, nonreactive T cell populations were associated primarily with naive phenotypes. Our analysis provides a reference map of epitopes for characterizing CD8 T cell responses toward common human virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Pagh Kristensen
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Edoardo Dionisio
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Amalie Kai Bentzen
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tripti Tamhane
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Janine Sophie Kemming
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Grigorii Nos
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lasse Frank Voss
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kring Hansen
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Georg Michael Lauer
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sine Reker Hadrup
- Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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12
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Cavalluzzo B, Viuff MC, Tvingsholm SA, Ragone C, Manolio C, Mauriello A, Buonaguro FM, Tornesello ML, Izzo F, Morabito A, Hadrup SR, Tagliamonte M, Buonaguro L. Cross-reactive CD8 + T cell responses to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and homologous microbiota-derived antigens (MoAs). J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:87. [PMID: 38509571 PMCID: PMC10953141 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently shown extensive sequence and conformational homology between tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and antigens derived from microorganisms (MoAs). The present study aimed to assess the breadth of T-cell recognition specific to MoAs and the corresponding TAAs in healthy subjects (HS) and patients with cancer (CP). METHOD A library of > 100 peptide-MHC (pMHC) combinations was used to generate DNA-barcode labelled multimers. Homologous peptides were selected from the Cancer Antigenic Peptide Database, as well as Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes-derived peptides. They were incubated with CD8 + T cells from the peripheral blood of HLA-A*02:01 healthy individuals (n = 10) and cancer patients (n = 16). T cell recognition was identified using tetramer-staining analysis. Cytotoxicity assay was performed using as target cells TAP-deficient T2 cells loaded with MoA or the paired TuA. RESULTS A total of 66 unique pMHC recognized by CD8+ T cells across all groups were identified. Of these, 21 epitopes from microbiota were identified as novel immunological targets. Reactivity against selected TAAs was observed for both HS and CP. pMHC tetramer staining confirmed CD8+ T cell populations cross-reacting with CTA SSX2 and paired microbiota epitopes. Moreover, PBMCs activated with the MoA where shown to release IFNγ as well as to exert cytotoxic activity against cells presenting the paired TuA. CONCLUSIONS Several predicted microbiota-derived MoAs are recognized by T cells in HS and CP. Reactivity against TAAs was observed also in HS, primed by the homologous bacterial antigens. CD8+ T cells cross-reacting with MAGE-A1 and paired microbiota epitopes were identified in three subjects. Therefore, the microbiota can elicit an extensive repertoire of natural memory T cells to TAAs, possibly able to control tumor growth ("natural anti-cancer vaccination"). In addition, non-self MoAs can be included in preventive/therapeutic off-the-shelf cancer vaccines with more potent anti-tumor efficacy than those based on TAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Cavalluzzo
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 52, Naples, Italy
| | - Marie Christine Viuff
- Department of Health Technology, Section of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Siri Amanda Tvingsholm
- Department of Health Technology, Section of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Concetta Ragone
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 52, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Manolio
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 52, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Mauriello
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 52, Naples, Italy
| | - Franco M Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Hepatobiliary Surgical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond. G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morabito
- Thoracic Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Sine Reker Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Section of Experimental and Translational Immunology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maria Tagliamonte
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 52, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Via Mariano Semmola, 52, Naples, Italy.
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13
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Meng W, Schreiber RD, Lichti CF. Recent advances in immunopeptidomic-based tumor neoantigen discovery. Adv Immunol 2023; 160:1-36. [PMID: 38042584 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of aberrantly expressed proteins in tumors in driving immune-mediated control of cancer has been well documented for more than five decades. Today, we know that both aberrantly expressed normal proteins as well as mutant proteins (neoantigens) can function as tumor antigens in both humans and mice. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) technologies have made significant advances since the early 2010s, enabling detection of rare but clinically relevant neoantigens recognized by T cells. MS profiling of tumor-specific immunopeptidomes remains the most direct method to identify mutant peptides bound to cellular MHC. However, the need for use of large numbers of cells or significant amounts of tumor tissue to achieve neoantigen detection has historically limited the application of MS. Newer, more sensitive MS technologies have recently demonstrated the capacities to detect neoantigens from fewer cells. Here, we highlight recent advancements in immunopeptidomics-based characterization of tumor-specific neoantigens. Various tumor antigen categories and neoantigen identification approaches are also discussed. Furthermore, we summarize recent reports that achieved successful tumor neoantigen detection by MS using a variety of starting materials, MS acquisition modes, and novel ion mobility devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Meng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Robert D Schreiber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Cheryl F Lichti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States.
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14
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Dong B, Obermajer N, Tsuji T, Matsuzaki J, Bonura C, Withers H, Long M, Chavel C, Olejniczak SH, Minderman H, Edwards RP, Storkus WJ, Romero P, Kalinski P. NK Receptors Replace CD28 As the Dominant Source of Signal 2 for Cognate Recognition of Cancer Cells by TAA-specific Effector CD8 + T Cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3399211. [PMID: 37886562 PMCID: PMC10602189 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3399211/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
CD28-driven "signal 2" is critical for naïve CD8+ T cell responses to dendritic cell (DC)-presented weak antigens, including non-mutated tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). However, it is unclear how DC-primed cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) respond to the same TAAs presented by cancer cells which lack CD28 ligands. Here, we show that NK receptors (NKRs) DNAM-1 and NKG2D replace CD28 during CTL re-activation by cancer cells presenting low levels of MHC I/TAA complexes, leading to enhanced proximal TCR signaling, immune synapse formation, CTL polyfunctionality, release of cytolytic granules and antigen-specific cancer cell killing. Double-transduction of T cells with recombinant TCR and NKR constructs or upregulation of NKR-ligand expression on cancer cells by chemotherapy enabled effective recognition and killing of poorly immunogenic tumor cells by CTLs. Operational synergy between TCR and NKRs in CTL recognition explains the ability of cancer-expressed self-antigens to serve as tumor rejection antigens, helping to develop more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Dong
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nataša Obermajer
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Takemasa Tsuji
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Cindy Bonura
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Henry Withers
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Mark Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Colin Chavel
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Scott H. Olejniczak
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Hans Minderman
- Flow and Immune Analysis Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Robert P. Edwards
- Department of OB-GYN, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Walter J. Storkus
- Department of Dermatology , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Pedro Romero
- University of Lausanne and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Dermatology , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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15
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Cho E, Han S, Eom HS, Lee SJ, Han C, Singh R, Kim SH, Park BM, Kim BG, Kim YH, Kwon BS, Nam KT, Choi BK. Cross-Activation of Regulatory T Cells by Self Antigens Limits Self-Reactive and Activated CD8 + T Cell Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13672. [PMID: 37761976 PMCID: PMC10530955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between regulatory T (Treg) cells and self-reactive T cells is a crucial mechanism for maintaining immune tolerance. In this study, we investigated the cross-activation of Treg cells by self-antigens and its impact on self-reactive CD8+ T cell responses, with a focus on the P53 signaling pathway. We discovered that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I-restricted self-peptides not only activated CD8+ T cells but also induced the delayed proliferation of Treg cells. Following HLA-A*0201-restricted Melan-A-specific (pMelan) CD8+ T cells, we observed the direct expansion of Treg cells and concurrent suppression of pMelan+CD8+ T cell proliferation upon stimulation with Melan-A peptide. Transcriptome analysis revealed no significant alterations in specific signaling pathways in pMelan+CD8+ T cells that were co-cultured with activated Treg cells. However, there was a noticeable upregulation of genes involved in P53 accumulation, a critical regulator of cell survival and apoptosis. Consistent with such observation, the blockade of P53 induced a continuous proliferation of pMelan+CD8+ T cells. The concurrent stimulation of Treg cells through self-reactive TCRs by self-antigens provides insights into the immune system's ability to control activated self-reactive CD8+ T cells as part of peripheral tolerance, highlighting the intricate interplay between Treg cells and CD8+ T cells and implicating therapeutic interventions in autoimmune diseases and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Cho
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Immuno-Oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea (S.-J.L.)
| | - Seongeun Han
- Immuno-Oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea (S.-J.L.)
| | - Hyeon Seok Eom
- Hematological Malignancy Center of the Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Immuno-Oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea (S.-J.L.)
| | - Chungyong Han
- Immuno-Oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea (S.-J.L.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Rohit Singh
- Immuno-Oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea (S.-J.L.)
| | - Seon-Hee Kim
- Immuno-Oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea (S.-J.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Park
- Biomedicine Production Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Young H. Kim
- Eutilex, Co., Ltd., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08594, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung S. Kwon
- Eutilex, Co., Ltd., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08594, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom K. Choi
- Immuno-Oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea (S.-J.L.)
- Innobationbio, Co., Ltd., Mapo-gu, Seoul 03929, Republic of Korea
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16
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Pircher H, Pinschewer DD, Boehm T. MHC I tetramer staining tends to overestimate the number of functionally relevant self-reactive CD8 T cells in the preimmune repertoire. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350402. [PMID: 37179469 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies that used peptide-MHC (pMHC) tetramers (tet) to identify self-specific T cells have questioned the effectiveness of thymic-negative selection. Here, we used pMHCI tet to enumerate CD8 T cells specific for the immunodominant gp33 epitope of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein (GP) in mice transgenically engineered to express high levels of GP as a self-antigen in the thymus. In GP-transgenic mice (GP+ ), monoclonal P14 TCR+ CD8 T cells that express a GP-specific TCR could not be detected by gp33/Db -tet staining, indicative of their complete intrathymic deletion. By contrast, in the same GP+ mice, substantial numbers of polyclonal CD8 T cells identifiable by gp33/Db -tet were present. The gp33-tet staining profiles of polyclonal T cells from GP+ and GP-negative (GP- ) mice were overlapping, but mean fluorescence intensities were ∼15% lower in cells from GP+ mice. Remarkably, the gp33-tet+ T cells in GP+ mice failed to clonally expand after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, whereas those of GP- mice did so. In Nur77GFP -reporter mice, dose-dependent responses to gp33 peptide-induced TCR stimulation revealed that gp33-tet+ T cells with high ligand sensitivity are lacking in GP+ mice. Hence, pMHCI tet staining identifies self-specific CD8 T cells but tends to overestimate the number of truly self-reactive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanspeter Pircher
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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17
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Buonaguro L, Cavalluzzo B, Mauriello A, Ragone C, Tornesello AL, Buonaguro FM, Tornesello ML, Tagliamonte M. Microorganisms-derived antigens for preventive anti-cancer vaccines. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 92:101192. [PMID: 37295175 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer prevention is one of the aim with the highest priority in order to reduce the burden of cancer diagnosis and treatment on individuals as well as on healthcare systems. To this aim, vaccines represent the most efficient primary cancer prevention strategy. Indeed, anti-cancer immunological memory elicited by preventive vaccines might promptly expand and prevent tumor from progressing. Antigens derived from microorganisms (MoAs), represent the obvious target for developing highly effective preventive vaccines for virus-induced cancers. In this respect, the drastic reduction in cancer incidence following HBV and HPV preventive vaccines are the paradigmatic example of such evidence. More recently, experimental evidences suggest that MoAs may represent a "natural" anti-cancer preventive vaccination or can be exploited for developing vaccines to prevent cancers presenting highly homologous tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) (e.g. molecular mimicry). The present review describes the different preventive anti-cancer vaccines based on antigens derived from pathogens at the different stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Buonaguro
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cavalluzzo
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Mauriello
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Ragone
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Lucia Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Franco M Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Tagliamonte
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Naples, Italy.
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18
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Chiriţoiu GN, Munteanu CV, Şulea TA, Spiridon L, Petrescu AJ, Jandus C, Romero P, Petrescu ŞM. Methionine oxidation selectively enhances T cell reactivity against a melanoma antigen. iScience 2023; 26:107205. [PMID: 37485346 PMCID: PMC10362274 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the peptide amino acids side-chain modifications on the immunological recognition has been scarcely explored. We investigate here the effect of methionine oxidation on the antigenicity of the melanoma immunodominant peptide 369-YMDGTMSQV-377 (YMD). Using CD8+ T cell activation assays, we found that the antigenicity of the sulfoxide form is higher when compared to the YMD peptide. This is consistent with free energy computations performed on HLA-A∗02:01/YMD/TCR complex showing that this is lowered upon oxidation, paired with a steep increase in order at atomic level. Oxidized YMD forms were identified at the melanoma cell surface by LC-MS/MS analysis. These results demonstrate that methionine oxidation in the antigenic peptides may generate altered peptide ligands with increased antigenicity, and that this oxidation may occur in vivo, opening up the possibility that high-affinity CD8+ T cells might be naturally primed in the course of melanoma progression, as a result of immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela N. Chiriţoiu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Splaiul Independenței 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian V.A. Munteanu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Splaiul Independenței 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teodor A. Şulea
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Splaiul Independenței 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurenţiu Spiridon
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Splaiul Independenței 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei-Jose Petrescu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Splaiul Independenței 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Departement of Oncology, UNIL-CHUV, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ştefana M. Petrescu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Splaiul Independenței 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
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19
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Gouttefangeas C, Klein R, Maia A. The good and the bad of T cell cross-reactivity: challenges and opportunities for novel therapeutics in autoimmunity and cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212546. [PMID: 37409132 PMCID: PMC10319254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are main actors of the immune system with an essential role in protection against pathogens and cancer. The molecular key event involved in this absolutely central task is the interaction of membrane-bound specific T cell receptors with peptide-MHC complexes which initiates T cell priming, activation and recall, and thus controls a range of downstream functions. While textbooks teach us that the repertoire of mature T cells is highly diverse, it is clear that this diversity cannot possibly cover all potential foreign peptides that might be encountered during life. TCR cross-reactivity, i.e. the ability of a single TCR to recognise different peptides, offers the best solution to this biological challenge. Reports have shown that indeed, TCR cross-reactivity is surprisingly high. Hence, the T cell dilemma is the following: be as specific as possible to target foreign danger and spare self, while being able to react to a large spectrum of body-threatening situations. This has major consequences for both autoimmune diseases and cancer, and significant implications for the development of T cell-based therapies. In this review, we will present essential experimental evidence of T cell cross-reactivity, implications for two opposite immune conditions, i.e. autoimmunity vs cancer, and how this can be differently exploited for immunotherapy approaches. Finally, we will discuss the tools available for predicting cross-reactivity and how improvements in this field might boost translational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Gouttefangeas
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reinhild Klein
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana Maia
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Hemann EA, Knoll ML, Wilkins CR, Subra C, Green R, García-Sastre A, Thomas PG, Trautmann L, Ireton RC, Loo YM, Gale M. A Small Molecule RIG-I Agonist Serves as an Adjuvant to Induce Broad Multifaceted Influenza Virus Vaccine Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1247-1256. [PMID: 36939421 PMCID: PMC10149148 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is essential for activating host cell innate immunity to regulate the immune response against many RNA viruses. We previously identified that a small molecule compound, KIN1148, led to the activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and served to enhance protection against influenza A virus (IAV) A/California/04/2009 infection. We have now determined direct binding of KIN1148 to RIG-I to drive expression of IFN regulatory factor 3 and NF-κB target genes, including specific immunomodulatory cytokines and chemokines. Intriguingly, KIN1148 does not lead to ATPase activity or compete with ATP for binding but activates RIG-I to induce antiviral gene expression programs distinct from type I IFN treatment. When administered in combination with a vaccine against IAV, KIN1148 induces both neutralizing Ab and IAV-specific T cell responses compared with vaccination alone, which induces comparatively poor responses. This robust KIN1148-adjuvanted immune response protects mice from lethal A/California/04/2009 and H5N1 IAV challenge. Importantly, KIN1148 also augments human CD8+ T cell activation. Thus, we have identified a small molecule RIG-I agonist that serves as an effective adjuvant in inducing noncanonical RIG-I activation for induction of innate immune programs that enhance adaptive immune protection of antiviral vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Hemann
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan L. Knoll
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Courtney R. Wilkins
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caroline Subra
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, and the U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Green
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, and the U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Renee C. Ireton
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yueh-Ming Loo
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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21
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Tagliamonte M, Cavalluzzo B, Mauriello A, Ragone C, Buonaguro FM, Tornesello ML, Buonaguro L. Molecular mimicry and cancer vaccine development. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:75. [PMID: 37101139 PMCID: PMC10131527 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of cancer immunotherapeutic strategies relies on the identification and validation of optimal target tumor antigens, which should be tumor-specific as well as able to elicit a swift and potent anti-tumor immune response. The vast majority of such strategies are based on tumor associated antigens (TAAs) which are shared wild type cellular self-epitopes highly expressed on tumor cells. Indeed, TAAs can be used to develop off-the-shelf cancer vaccines appropriate to all patients affected by the same malignancy. However, given that they may be also presented by HLAs on the surface of non-malignant cells, they may be possibly affected by immunological tolerance or elicit autoimmune responses. MAIN BODY In order to overcome such limitations, analogue peptides with improved antigenicity and immunogenicity able to elicit a cross-reactive T cell response are needed. To this aim, non-self-antigens derived from microorganisms (MoAs) may be of great benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tagliamonte
- Lab of Innovative Immunological Models, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - "Fond. G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cavalluzzo
- Lab of Innovative Immunological Models, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - "Fond. G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Mauriello
- Lab of Innovative Immunological Models, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - "Fond. G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Ragone
- Lab of Innovative Immunological Models, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - "Fond. G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Franco M Buonaguro
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Lina Tornesello
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - "Fond G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Lab of Innovative Immunological Models, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS - "Fond. G. Pascale", Naples, Italy.
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22
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Cabral-Piccin MP, Papagno L, Lahaye X, Perdomo-Celis F, Volant S, White E, Monceaux V, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Fromentin R, Price DA, Chomont N, Manel N, Saez-Cirion A, Appay V. Primary role of type I interferons for the induction of functionally optimal antigen-specific CD8 + T cells in HIV infection. EBioMedicine 2023; 91:104557. [PMID: 37058769 PMCID: PMC10130611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD8+ T cells equipped with a full arsenal of antiviral effector functions are critical for effective immune control of HIV-1. It has nonetheless remained unclear how best to elicit such potent cellular immune responses in the context of immunotherapy or vaccination. HIV-2 has been associated with milder disease manifestations and more commonly elicits functionally replete virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses compared with HIV-1. We aimed to learn from this immunological dichotomy and to develop informed strategies that could enhance the induction of robust CD8+ T cell responses against HIV-1. METHODS We developed an unbiased in vitro system to compare the de novo induction of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses after exposure to HIV-1 or HIV-2. The functional properties of primed CD8+ T cells were assessed using flow cytometry and molecular analyses of gene transcription. FINDINGS HIV-2 primed functionally optimal antigen-specific CD8+ T cells with enhanced survival properties more effectively than HIV-1. This superior induction process was dependent on type I interferons (IFNs) and could be mimicked via the adjuvant delivery of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a known agonist of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING). CD8+ T cells elicited in the presence of cGAMP were polyfunctional and highly sensitive to antigen stimulation, even after priming from people living with HIV-1. INTERPRETATION HIV-2 primes CD8+ T cells with potent antiviral functionality by activating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/STING pathway, which results in the production of type I IFNs. This process may be amenable to therapeutic development via the use of cGAMP or other STING agonists to bolster CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity against HIV-1. FUNDING This work was funded by INSERM, the Institut Curie, and the University of Bordeaux (Senior IdEx Chair) and by grants from Sidaction (17-1-AAE-11097, 17-1-FJC-11199, VIH2016126002, 20-2-AEQ-12822-2, and 22-2-AEQ-13411), the Agence Nationale de la Recherche sur le SIDA (ECTZ36691, ECTZ25472, ECTZ71745, and ECTZ118797), and the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (EQ U202103012774). D.A.P. was supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Award (100326/Z/12/Z).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela P Cabral-Piccin
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000, Bordeaux, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013, Paris, France
| | - Laura Papagno
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000, Bordeaux, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Lahaye
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer Department, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Stevenn Volant
- Institut Pasteur, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Eoghann White
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000, Bordeaux, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Monceaux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rémi Fromentin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Nicolas Manel
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer Department, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Asier Saez-Cirion
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, 75015, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Viral Reservoirs and Immune Control Unit, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Victor Appay
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000, Bordeaux, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013, Paris, France; International Research Center of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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23
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Merlotti A, Sadacca B, Arribas YA, Ngoma M, Burbage M, Goudot C, Houy A, Rocañín-Arjó A, Lalanne A, Seguin-Givelet A, Lefevre M, Heurtebise-Chrétien S, Baudon B, Oliveira G, Loew D, Carrascal M, Wu CJ, Lantz O, Stern MH, Girard N, Waterfall JJ, Amigorena S. Noncanonical splicing junctions between exons and transposable elements represent a source of immunogenic recurrent neo-antigens in patients with lung cancer. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eabm6359. [PMID: 36735774 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm6359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although most characterized tumor antigens are encoded by canonical transcripts (such as differentiation or tumor-testis antigens) or mutations (both driver and passenger mutations), recent results have shown that noncanonical transcripts including long noncoding RNAs and transposable elements (TEs) can also encode tumor-specific neo-antigens. Here, we investigate the presentation and immunogenicity of tumor antigens derived from noncanonical mRNA splicing events between coding exons and TEs. Comparing human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and diverse healthy tissues, we identified a subset of splicing junctions that is both tumor specific and shared across patients. We used HLA-I peptidomics to identify peptides encoded by tumor-specific junctions in primary NSCLC samples and lung tumor cell lines. Recurrent junction-encoded peptides were immunogenic in vitro, and CD8+ T cells specific for junction-encoded epitopes were present in tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes from patients with NSCLC. We conclude that noncanonical splicing junctions between exons and TEs represent a source of recurrent, immunogenic tumor-specific antigens in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Merlotti
- Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Sadacca
- Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
- INSERM U830, PSL Research University, Institute Curie Research Center, Paris, France
- Department of Translational Research, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Yago A Arribas
- Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mercia Ngoma
- Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marianne Burbage
- Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christel Goudot
- Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Houy
- INSERM U830, PSL Research University, Institute Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Ares Rocañín-Arjó
- Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ana Lalanne
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Clinical immunology, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Curie, CIC-BT1428, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Agathe Seguin-Givelet
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Curie-Montsouris Thorax Institute - Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
- Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine SMBH, Bobigny, France
| | - Marine Lefevre
- Department of Pathology, Institute Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | | | - Blandine Baudon
- Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Giacomo Oliveira
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, PSL Research University, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Montserrat Carrascal
- Biological and Environmental Proteomics, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-CSIC, IDIBAPS, Roselló 161, 6a planta, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Clinical immunology, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Curie, CIC-BT1428, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marc-Henri Stern
- INSERM U830, PSL Research University, Institute Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Girard
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Curie-Montsouris Thorax Institute - Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Joshua J Waterfall
- INSERM U830, PSL Research University, Institute Curie Research Center, Paris, France
- Department of Translational Research, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Amigorena
- Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, INSERM U932, 75005 Paris, France
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24
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Proietto D, Dallan B, Gallerani E, Albanese V, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Price DA, Appay V, Pacifico S, Caputo A, Nicoli F, Gavioli R. Ageing Curtails the Diversity and Functionality of Nascent CD8 + T Cell Responses against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010154. [PMID: 36679999 PMCID: PMC9867380 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in the immune system are thought to underlie the vulnerability of elderly individuals to emerging viral diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we used a fully validated in vitro approach to determine how age impacts the generation of de novo CD8+ T cell responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. Our data revealed a generalized deficit in the ability of elderly individuals to prime the differentiation of naïve precursors into effector CD8+ T cells defined by the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and the transcription factor T-bet. As a consequence, there was an age-related decline in the diversity of newly generated CD8+ T cell responses targeting a range of typically immunodominant epitopes derived from SARS-CoV-2, accompanied by an overall reduction in the expression frequency of IFN-γ. These findings have potential implications for the development of new strategies to protect the elderly against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Proietto
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Dallan
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gallerani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Albanese
- Department of Environment and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - David A. Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Victor Appay
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonella Caputo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicoli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
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Mahajan S, Kortleve D, Debets R, Hammerl D. Detection of Low-Frequency Epitope-Specific T Cells in Blood of Healthy Individuals according to an Optimized In Vitro Amplification System. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:2239-2247. [PMID: 36426971 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Detection and amplification of epitope-specific T cells hold great promise for diagnosis and therapy of cancer patients. Currently, measurement and retrieval of epitope-specific T cells is hampered by limited availability of patients' biomaterials and lack of sensitive and easy-to-implement T cell priming and expansion. We have developed an in vitro T cell amplification system starting from healthy donor blood and tested different subsets and ratios of autologous T cells and APCs as well as the resting period between amplification cycles. We demonstrated in 10 different donors significantly enhanced frequency of T cells specific for MelanA/HLA-A2, which relied on coculturing of naive T cells and CD11c+ dendritic cells in a 1:1 ratio followed by three weekly amplification cycles using the effluent of the naive T cell sort as APCs, a 24-h rest period prior to every reamplification cycle, and IFN-γ production as a readout for epitope-specific T cells. Using this system, MelanA/HLA-A2-specific T cells were enriched by 200-fold, measuring up to 20-60% of all T cells. We extended this system to enrich NY-ESO-1/HLA-A2- and BMLF-1/HLA-A2-specific T cells, examples of a cancer germline Ag and an oncoviral Ag differing in their ability to bind to HLA-A2 and the presence of specific T cells in the naive and, in case of BMLF-1, also the Ag-experienced repertoire. Collectively, we have developed a sensitive and easy-to-implement in vitro T cell amplification method to enrich epitope-specific T cells that is expected to facilitate research and clinical utility regarding T cell diagnosis and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Mahajan
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dian Kortleve
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reno Debets
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dora Hammerl
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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26
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Clarkson BDS, Johnson RK, Bingel C, Lothaller C, Howe CL. Preservation of antigen-specific responses in cryopreserved CD4 + and CD8 + T cells expanded with IL-2 and IL-7. J Transl Autoimmun 2022; 5:100173. [PMID: 36467614 PMCID: PMC9713293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We sought to develop medium throughput standard operating procedures for screening cryopreserved human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to potential autoantigens. Methods Dendritic cells were loaded with a peptide cocktail from ubiquitous viruses or full-length viral protein antigens and cocultured with autologous T cells. We measured expression of surface activation markers on T cells by flow cytometry and cytometry by time of flight 24-72 h later. We tested responses among T cells freshly isolated from healthy control PBMCs, cryopreserved T cells, and T cells derived from a variety of T cell expansion protocols. We also compared the transcriptional profile of CD8+ T cells rested with interleukin (IL)7 for 48 h after 1) initial thawing, 2) expansion, and 3) secondary cryopreservation/thawing of expanded cells. To generate competent antigen presenting cells from PBMCs, we promoted differentiation of PBMCs into dendritic cells with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor and IL-4. Results We observed robust dendritic cell differentiation from human PBMCs treated with 50 ng/mL GM-CSF and 20 ng/mL IL-4 in as little as 3 days. Dendritic cell purity was substantially increased by magnetically enriching for CD14+ monocytes prior to differentiation. We also measured antigen-dependent T cell activation in DC-T cell cocultures. However, polyclonal expansion of T cells with anti-CD3/antiCD28 abolished antigen-dependent upregulation of CD69 in our assay despite minimal transcriptional differences between rested CD8+ T cells before and after expansion. Furthermore, resting these expanded T cells in IL-2, IL-7 or IL-15 did not restore the antigen dependent responses. In contrast, T cells that were initially expanded with IL-2 + IL-7 rather than plate bound anti-CD3 + anti-CD28 retained responsiveness to antigen stimulation and these responses strongly correlated with responses measured at initial thawing. Significance While screening techniques for potential pathological autoantibodies have come a long way, comparable full-length protein target assays for screening patient T cells at medium throughput are noticeably lacking due to technical hurdles. Here we advance techniques that should have broad applicability to translational studies investigating cell mediated immunity in infectious or autoimmune diseases. Future studies are aimed at investigating possible CD8+ T cell autoantigens in MS and other CNS autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin DS. Clarkson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA,Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA,Corresponding author. Mayo Clinic, Guggenheim 1521C, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905.
| | | | - Corinna Bingel
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Charles L. Howe
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA,Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA,Division of Experimental Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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27
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de Mey W, De Schrijver P, Autaers D, Pfitzer L, Fant B, Locy H, Esprit A, Lybaert L, Bogaert C, Verdonck M, Thielemans K, Breckpot K, Franceschini L. A synthetic DNA template for fast manufacturing of versatile single epitope mRNA. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:943-954. [PMID: 36159589 PMCID: PMC9464653 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A flexible, affordable, and rapid vaccine platform is necessary to unlock the potential of personalized cancer vaccines in order to achieve full clinical efficiency. mRNA cancer vaccine manufacture relies on the rigid sequence design of multiepitope constructs produced by laborious bacterial cloning and time-consuming plasmid preparation. Here, we introduce a synthetic DNA template (SDT) assembly process, which allows cost- and time-efficient manufacturing of single (neo)epitope mRNA. We benchmarked SDT-derived mRNA against mRNA derived from a plasmid DNA template (PDT), showing that monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) electroporated with SDT-mRNA or PDT-mRNA, encoding HLA-I- or HLA-II-restricted (neo)epitopes, equally activated T cells that were modified to express the cognate T cell receptors. Furthermore, we validated the SDT-mRNA platform for neoepitope immunogenicity screening using the characterized HLA-A2-restricted neoepitope DHX40B and four new candidate HLA-A2-restricted melanoma neoepitopes. Finally, we compared SDT-mRNA with PDT-mRNA for vaccine development purposes. moDCs electroporated with mRNA encoding the HLA-A2-restricted, mutated Melan-A/Mart-1 epitope together with TriMix mRNA-generated high levels of functional Melan-A/Mart-1-specific CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, SDT single epitope mRNA can be manufactured in a more flexible, cost-efficient, and time-efficient way compared with PDT-mRNA, allowing prompt neoepitope immunogenicity screening, and might be exploited for the development of personalized cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout de Mey
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Phaedra De Schrijver
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dorien Autaers
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lena Pfitzer
- myNEO, Ottergemsesteenweg-Zuid 808, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Fant
- myNEO, Ottergemsesteenweg-Zuid 808, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Locy
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arthur Esprit
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lien Lybaert
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- myNEO, Ottergemsesteenweg-Zuid 808, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Magali Verdonck
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Franceschini
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Corresponding author Lorenzo Franceschini, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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28
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Bonté PE, Arribas YA, Merlotti A, Carrascal M, Zhang JV, Zueva E, Binder ZA, Alanio C, Goudot C, Amigorena S. Single-cell RNA-seq-based proteogenomics identifies glioblastoma-specific transposable elements encoding HLA-I-presented peptides. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110916. [PMID: 35675780 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyze transposable elements (TEs) in glioblastoma (GBM) patients using a proteogenomic pipeline that combines single-cell transcriptomics, bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) samples from tumors and healthy-tissue cohorts, and immunopeptidomic samples. We thus identify 370 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-I-bound peptides encoded by TEs differentially expressed in GBM. Some of the peptides are encoded by repeat sequences from intact open reading frames (ORFs) present in up to several hundred TEs from recent long interspersed nuclear element (LINE)-1, long terminal repeat (LTR), and SVA subfamilies. Other HLA-I-bound peptides are encoded by single copies of TEs from old subfamilies that are expressed recurrently in GBM tumors and not expressed, or very infrequently and at low levels, in healthy tissues (including brain). These peptide-coding, GBM-specific, highly recurrent TEs represent potential tumor-specific targets for cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Bonté
- Institut Curie, PSL University, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yago A Arribas
- Institut Curie, PSL University, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Antonela Merlotti
- Institut Curie, PSL University, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Montserrat Carrascal
- Biological and Environmental Proteomics, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-CSIC, IDIBAPS, Roselló 161, 6a planta, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jiasi Vicky Zhang
- GBM Translational Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elina Zueva
- Institut Curie, PSL University, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Zev A Binder
- GBM Translational Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cécile Alanio
- Institut Curie, PSL University, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005 Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France; Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christel Goudot
- Institut Curie, PSL University, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Sebastian Amigorena
- Institut Curie, PSL University, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005 Paris, France.
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29
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Hopkins JR, MacLachlan BJ, Harper S, Sewell AK, Cole DK. Unconventional modes of peptide-HLA-I presentation change the rules of TCR engagement. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 1:kyac001. [PMID: 38566908 PMCID: PMC10917088 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The intracellular proteome of virtually every nucleated cell in the body is continuously presented at the cell surface via the human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) antigen processing pathway. This pathway classically involves proteasomal degradation of intracellular proteins into short peptides that can be presented by HLA-I molecules for interrogation by T-cell receptors (TCRs) expressed on the surface of CD8+ T cells. During the initiation of a T-cell immune response, the TCR acts as the T cell's primary sensor, using flexible loops to mould around the surface of the pHLA-I molecule to identify foreign or dysregulated antigens. Recent findings demonstrate that pHLA-I molecules can also be highly flexible and dynamic, altering their shape according to minor polymorphisms between different HLA-I alleles, or interactions with different peptides. These flexible presentation modes have important biological consequences that can, for example, explain why some HLA-I alleles offer greater protection against HIV, or why some cancer vaccine approaches have been ineffective. This review explores how these recent findings redefine the rules for peptide presentation by HLA-I molecules and extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern TCR-mediated antigen discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade R Hopkins
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bruce J MacLachlan
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Andrew K Sewell
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - David K Cole
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
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30
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Goncharov MM, Bryushkova EA, Sharaev NI, Skatova VD, Baryshnikova AM, Sharonov GV, Karnaukhov V, Vakhitova MT, Samoylenko IV, Demidov LV, Lukyanov S, Chudakov DM, Serebrovskaya EO. Pinpointing the tumor-specific T-cells via TCR clusters. eLife 2022; 11:77274. [PMID: 35377314 PMCID: PMC9023053 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is a promising approach to cancer immunotherapy, but its efficiency fundamentally depends on the extent of tumor-specific T cell enrichment within the graft. This can be estimated via activation with identifiable neoantigens, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), or living or lysed tumor cells, but these approaches remain laborious, time-consuming, and functionally limited, hampering clinical development of ACT. Here, we demonstrate that homology cluster analysis of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires efficiently identifies tumor-reactive TCRs allowing to: (1) detect their presence within the pool of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs); (2) optimize TIL culturing conditions, with IL-2low/IL-21/anti-PD-1 combination showing increased efficiency; (3) investigate surface marker-based enrichment for tumor-targeting T cells in freshly isolated TILs (enrichment confirmed for CD4+ and CD8+ PD-1+/CD39+ subsets), or re-stimulated TILs (informs on enrichment in 4-1BB-sorted cells). We believe that this approach to the rapid assessment of tumor-specific TCR enrichment should accelerate T cell therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail M Goncharov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Nikita I Sharaev
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valeria D Skatova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya M Baryshnikova
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - George V Sharonov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Karnaukhov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria T Vakhitova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Samoylenko
- Oncodermatology Department, NN Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lev V Demidov
- Oncodermatology Department, NN Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Lukyanov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy M Chudakov
- Department of genomics of adaptive immunity, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
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31
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Philip M, Schietinger A. CD8 + T cell differentiation and dysfunction in cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:209-223. [PMID: 34253904 PMCID: PMC9792152 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 189.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells specific for cancer cells are detected within tumours. However, despite their presence, tumours progress. The clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell therapy demonstrates the potential of CD8+ T cells to mediate antitumour responses; however, most patients with cancer fail to achieve long-term responses to immunotherapy. Here we review CD8+ T cell differentiation to dysfunctional states during tumorigenesis. We highlight similarities and differences between T cell dysfunction and other hyporesponsive T cell states and discuss the spatio-temporal factors contributing to T cell state heterogeneity in tumours. An important challenge is predicting which patients will respond to immunotherapeutic interventions and understanding which T cell subsets mediate the clinical response. We explore our current understanding of what determines T cell responsiveness and resistance to immunotherapy and point out the outstanding research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Philip
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,;
| | - Andrea Schietinger
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,;
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32
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Designing Personalized Antigen-Specific Immunotherapies for Autoimmune Diseases-The Case for Using Ignored Target Cell Antigen Determinants. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071081. [PMID: 35406645 PMCID: PMC8997884 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have proposed that antigen-specific immunotherapies (ASIs) for autoimmune diseases could be enhanced by administering target cell antigen epitopes (determinants) that are immunogenic but ignored by autoreactive T cells because these determinants may have large pools of naïve cognate T cells available for priming towards regulatory responses. Here, we identified an immunogenic preproinsulin determinant (PPIL4-20) that was ignored by autoimmune responses in type 1 diabetes (T1D)-prone NOD mice. The size of the PPIL4-20-specific splenic naive T cell pool gradually increased from 2–12 weeks in age and remained stable thereafter, while that of the major target determinant insulin B-chain9-23 decreased greatly after 12 weeks in age, presumably due to recruitment into the autoimmune response. In 15–16 week old mice, insulin B-chain9-23/alum immunization induced modest-low level of splenic T cell IL-10 and IL-4 responses, little or no spreading of these responses, and boosted IFNγ responses to itself and other autoantigens. In contrast, PPIL4-20/alum treatment induced robust IL-10 and IL-4 responses, which spread to other autoantigens and increased the frequency of splenic IL-10-secreting Treg and Tr-1-like cells, without boosting IFNγ responses to ß-cell autoantigens. In newly diabetic NOD mice, PPIL4-20, but not insulin B-chain9-23 administered intraperitoneally (with alum) or intradermally (as soluble antigen) supplemented with oral GABA induced long-term disease remission. We discuss the potential of personalized ASIs that are based on an individual’s naïve autoantigen-reactive T cell pools and the use of HLA-appropriate ignored autoantigen determinants to safely enhance the efficacy of ASIs.
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33
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Lulu AM, Cummings KL, Jeffery ED, Myers PT, Underwood D, Lacy RM, Chianese-Bullock KA, Slingluff CL, Modesitt SC, Engelhard VH. Characteristics of Immune Memory and Effector Activity to Cancer-Expressed MHC Class I Phosphopeptides Differ in Healthy Donors and Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1327-1341. [PMID: 34413086 PMCID: PMC8568670 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevated immunity to cancer-expressed antigens can be detected in people with no history of cancer and may contribute to cancer prevention. We have previously reported that MHC-restricted phosphopeptides are cancer-expressed antigens and targets of immune recognition. However, the extent to which this immunity reflects prior or ongoing phosphopeptide exposures was not investigated. In this study, we found that preexisting immune memory to cancer-expressed phosphopeptides was evident in most healthy donors, but the breadth among donors was highly variable. Although three phosphopeptides were recognized by most donors, suggesting exposures to common microbial/infectious agents, most of the 205 tested phosphopeptides were not recognized by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from any donor and the remainder were recognized by only 1 to 3 donors. In longitudinal analyses of 2 donors, effector immune response profiles suggested active reexposures to a subset of phosphopeptides. These findings suggest that the immunogens generating most phosphopeptide-specific immune memory are rare infectious agents or incipient cancer cells with distinct phosphoproteome dysregulations, and that repetitive immunogenic exposures occur in individual donors. Phosphopeptide-specific immunity in PBMCs and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from ovarian cancer patients was limited, regardless of whether the phosphopeptide was expressed on the tumor. However, 4 of 10 patients responded to 1 to 2 immunodominant phosphopeptides, and 1 showed an elevated effector response to a tumor-expressed phosphopeptide. As the tumors from these patients displayed many phosphopeptides, these data are consistent with lack of prior exposure or impaired ability to respond to some phosphopeptides and suggest that enhancing phosphopeptide-specific T-cell responses could be a useful approach to improve tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Lulu
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kara L Cummings
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | | | | | - Rachel M Lacy
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kimberly A Chianese-Bullock
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Susan C Modesitt
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Victor H Engelhard
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Small-scale manufacturing of neoantigen-encoding messenger RNA for early-phase clinical trials. Cytotherapy 2021; 24:213-222. [PMID: 34696961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has become a promising tool in therapeutic cancer vaccine strategies. Owing to its flexible design and rapid production, mRNA is an attractive antigen delivery format for cancer vaccines targeting mutated peptides expressed in a tumor-the so-called neoantigens. These neoantigens are rarely shared between patients, and inclusion of these antigens in a vaccine requires the production of individual batches of patient-tailored mRNA. The authors have developed MIDRIXNEO, a personalized mRNA-loaded dendritic cell vaccine targeting tumor neoantigens, which is currently being evaluated in a phase 1 clinical study in lung cancer patients. To facilitate this study, the authors set up a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant production process for the manufacture of small batches of personalized neoantigen-encoding mRNA. In this article, the authors describe the complete mRNA production process and the extensive quality assessment to which the mRNA is subjected. Validation runs have shown that the process delivers mRNA of reproducible, high quality. This process is now successfully applied for the production of neoantigen-encoding mRNA for the clinical evaluation of MIDRIXNEO. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that a GMP-based production process of patient-tailored neoantigen mRNA has been described.
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Hamieh M, Chatillon JF, Dupel E, Bayeux F, Fauquembergue E, Maby P, Drouet A, Duval-Modeste AB, Adriouch S, Boyer O, Latouche JB. Generation of Pure Highly Functional Human Anti-Tumor Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes With Stem Cell-Like Memory Features for Melanoma Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674276. [PMID: 34566953 PMCID: PMC8456028 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy based on the transfer of anti-tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a promising strategy to cure cancers. However, rapid expansion of numerous highly functional CTLs with long-lived features remains a challenge. Here, we constructed NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblast-based artificial antigen presenting cells (AAPCs) and precisely evaluated their ability to circumvent this difficulty. These AAPCs stably express the essential molecules involved in CTL activation in the HLA-A*0201 context and an immunogenic HLA-A*0201 restricted analogue peptide derived from MART-1, an auto-antigen overexpressed in melanoma. Using these AAPCs and pentamer-based magnetic bead-sorting, we defined, in a preclinical setting, the optimal conditions to expand pure MART-1-specific CTLs. Numerous highly purified MART-1-specific CTLs were rapidly obtained from healthy donors and melanoma patients. Both TCR repertoire and CDR3 sequence analyses revealed that MART-1-specific CTL responses were similar to those reported in the literature and obtained with autologous or allogeneic presenting cells. These MART-1-specific CTLs were highly cytotoxic against HLA-A*0201+ MART-1+ tumor cells. Moreover, they harbored a suitable phenotype for immunotherapy, with effector memory, central memory and, most importantly, stem cell-like memory T cell features. Notably, the cells harboring stem cell-like memory phenotype features were capable of self-renewal and of differentiation into potent effector anti-tumor T cells. These "off-the-shelf" AAPCs represent a unique tool to rapidly and easily expand large numbers of long-lived highly functional pure specific CTLs with stem cell-like memory T cell properties, for the development of efficient adoptive immunotherapy strategies against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hamieh
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedecine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Jean-François Chatillon
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1234 - Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, Neuromuscular diseases and regenerative THERapies (PANTHER), IRIB, Rouen, France
| | - Estelle Dupel
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedecine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Florence Bayeux
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1234 - Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, Neuromuscular diseases and regenerative THERapies (PANTHER), IRIB, Rouen, France
| | - Emilie Fauquembergue
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedecine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Pauline Maby
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedecine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Aurelie Drouet
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedecine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | | | - Sahil Adriouch
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1234 - Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, Neuromuscular diseases and regenerative THERapies (PANTHER), IRIB, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Boyer
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1234 - Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, Neuromuscular diseases and regenerative THERapies (PANTHER), IRIB, Rouen, France.,Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Latouche
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedecine (IRIB), Rouen, France.,Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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DARANDIS N, NAZARI M. A NEW MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND SUB-OPTIMAL CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER. J BIOL SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218339021500133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of more accurate cancer mathematical models leads to present more realistic treatment protocols, especially in model-based treatment protocol design. Hence, a cancer mathematical model is presented by considering tumor cells, immune cells, interleukins, macrophages polarization, and chemotherapy based on biological concepts. Both local and global sensitivity analyses are done to examine the effect of changing the parameters on the final tumor population. Then, the tumor-free equilibrium points of the system are derived, and their stabilities are studied. The main target of chemotherapy is to eliminate the tumor while limiting drug toxicity. The SDRE method is used to construct a sub-optimal control strategy by using the developed nonlinear cancer model. For simulation, three patients are considered: a young patient, an old patient, and a pregnant patient. These cases have different immune system strengths. Also, three initial tumor sizes are regarded for each case. So, different treatment strategies are suggested. Eradication of tumor cells in a finite duration with a desired amount of chemo-drug is shown in the simulation results. The results confirmed that the immune system’s ability plays an important role in treatment success. It is shown that there are different treatment protocols for different patients, and the SDRE method is more flexible and effective than the others.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. DARANDIS
- Faculty of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Shahrood, University of Technology, P. O. Box: 3619995161, Shahrood, Iran
| | - M. NAZARI
- Faculty of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Shahrood, University of Technology, P. O. Box: 3619995161, Shahrood, Iran
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Unraveling How Tumor-Derived Galectins Contribute to Anti-Cancer Immunity Failure. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184529. [PMID: 34572756 PMCID: PMC8469970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review compiles our current knowledge of one of the main pathways activated by tumors to escape immune attack. Indeed, it integrates the current understanding of how tumor-derived circulating galectins affect the elicitation of effective anti-tumor immunity. It focuses on several relevant topics: which are the main galectins produced by tumors, how soluble galectins circulate throughout biological liquids (taking a body-settled gradient concentration into account), the conditions required for the galectins’ functions to be accomplished at the tumor and tumor-distant sites, and how the physicochemical properties of the microenvironment in each tissue determine their functions. These are no mere semantic definitions as they define which functions can be performed in said tissues instead. Finally, we discuss the promising future of galectins as targets in cancer immunotherapy and some outstanding questions in the field. Abstract Current data indicates that anti-tumor T cell-mediated immunity correlates with a better prognosis in cancer patients. However, it has widely been demonstrated that tumor cells negatively manage immune attack by activating several immune-suppressive mechanisms. It is, therefore, essential to fully understand how lymphocytes are activated in a tumor microenvironment and, above all, how to prevent these cells from becoming dysfunctional. Tumors produce galectins-1, -3, -7, -8, and -9 as one of the major molecular mechanisms to evade immune control of tumor development. These galectins impact different steps in the establishment of the anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we carry out a critical dissection on the mechanisms through which tumor-derived galectins can influence the production and the functionality of anti-tumor T lymphocytes. This knowledge may help us design more effective immunotherapies to treat human cancers.
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Collier JL, Weiss SA, Pauken KE, Sen DR, Sharpe AH. Not-so-opposite ends of the spectrum: CD8 + T cell dysfunction across chronic infection, cancer and autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:809-819. [PMID: 34140679 PMCID: PMC9197228 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are critical mediators of cytotoxic effector function in infection, cancer and autoimmunity. In cancer and chronic viral infection, CD8+ T cells undergo a progressive loss of cytokine production and cytotoxicity, a state termed T cell exhaustion. In autoimmunity, autoreactive CD8+ T cells retain the capacity to effectively mediate the destruction of host tissues. Although the clinical outcome differs in each context, CD8+ T cells are chronically exposed to antigen in all three. These chronically stimulated CD8+ T cells share some common phenotypic features, as well as transcriptional and epigenetic programming, across disease contexts. A better understanding of these CD8+ T cell states may reveal novel strategies to augment clearance of chronic viral infection and cancer and to mitigate self-reactivity leading to tissue damage in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Collier
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital
| | - Sarah A Weiss
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA
| | - Kristen E Pauken
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital
| | - Debattama R Sen
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital.,Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA
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39
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Merkle PS, Trabjerg E, Hongjian S, Ferber M, Cuendet MA, Jørgensen TJD, Luescher I, Irving M, Zoete V, Michielin O, Rand KD. Probing the Conformational Dynamics of Affinity-Enhanced T Cell Receptor Variants upon Binding the Peptide-Bound Major Histocompatibility Complex by Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry. Biochemistry 2021; 60:859-872. [PMID: 33689297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to its cognate, peptide antigen-loaded major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) is a key interaction for triggering T cell activation and ultimately elimination of the target cell. Despite the importance of this interaction for cellular immunity, a comprehensive molecular understanding of TCR specificity and affinity is lacking. We conducted hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) analyses of individual affinity-enhanced TCR variants and clinically relevant pMHC class I molecules (HLA-A*0201/NY-ESO-1157-165) to investigate the causality between increased binding affinity and conformational dynamics in TCR-pMHC complexes. Differential HDX-MS analyses of TCR variants revealed that mutations for affinity enhancement in TCR CDRs altered the conformational response of TCR to pMHC ligation. Improved pMHC binding affinity was in general observed to correlate with greater differences in HDX upon pMHC binding in modified TCR CDR loops, thereby providing new insights into the TCR-pMHC interaction. Furthermore, a specific point mutation in the β-CDR3 loop of the NY-ESO-1 TCR associated with a substantial increase in binding affinity resulted in a substantial change in pMHC binding kinetics (i.e., very slow kon, revealed by the detection of EX1 HDX kinetics), thus providing experimental evidence for a slow induced-fit binding mode. We also examined the conformational impact of pMHC binding on an unrelated TRAV12-2 gene-encoded TCR directed against the immunodominant MART-126-35 cancer antigen restricted by HLA-A*0201. Our findings provide a molecular basis for the observed TRAV12-2 gene bias in natural CD8+ T cell-based immune responses against the MART-1 antigen, with potential implications for general ligand discrimination and TCR cross-reactivity processes.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- HLA-A2 Antigen/chemistry
- HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-A2 Antigen/metabolism
- HLA-A2 Antigen/genetics
- Protein Conformation
- Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange-Mass Spectrometry
- Protein Binding
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/metabolism
- Peptides/immunology
- Major Histocompatibility Complex
- Antigens, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Deuterium Exchange Measurement
- Mutation
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Merkle
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Trabjerg
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Song Hongjian
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Ferber
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bâtiment Génopode, UNIL Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel A Cuendet
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bâtiment Génopode, UNIL Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas J D Jørgensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Immanuel Luescher
- Ludwig Branch for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bâtiment Génopode, UNIL Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Branch for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bâtiment Génopode, UNIL Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Michielin
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bâtiment Génopode, UNIL Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kasper D Rand
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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40
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Kared H, Redd AD, Bloch EM, Bonny TS, Sumatoh H, Kairi F, Carbajo D, Abel B, Newell EW, Bettinotti MP, Benner SE, Patel EU, Littlefield K, Laeyendecker O, Shoham S, Sullivan D, Casadevall A, Pekosz A, Nardin A, Fehlings M, Tobian AA, Quinn TC. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell responses in convalescent COVID-19 individuals. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:145476. [PMID: 33427749 DOI: 10.1172/jci145476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the T cell response in individuals who recover from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is critical to understanding its contribution to protective immunity. A multiplexed peptide-MHC tetramer approach was used to screen 408 SARS-CoV-2 candidate epitopes for CD8+ T cell recognition in a cross-sectional sample of 30 coronavirus disease 2019 convalescent individuals. T cells were evaluated using a 28-marker phenotypic panel, and findings were modelled against time from diagnosis and from humoral and inflammatory responses. There were 132 SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell responses detected across 6 different HLAs, corresponding to 52 unique epitope reactivities. CD8+ T cell responses were detected in almost all convalescent individuals and were directed against several structural and nonstructural target epitopes from the entire SARS-CoV-2 proteome. A unique phenotype for SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells was observed that was distinct from other common virus-specific T cells detected in the same cross-sectional sample and characterized by early differentiation kinetics. Modelling demonstrated a coordinated and dynamic immune response characterized by a decrease in inflammation, increase in neutralizing antibody titer, and differentiation of a specific CD8+ T cell response. Overall, T cells exhibited distinct differentiation into stem cell and transitional memory states (subsets), which may be key to developing durable protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew D Redd
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine and
| | - Evan M Bloch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tania S Bonny
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Evan W Newell
- ImmunoScape, Singapore, Singapore.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maria P Bettinotti
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah E Benner
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eshan U Patel
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and
| | - Kirsten Littlefield
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oliver Laeyendecker
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine and
| | | | - David Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Aaron Ar Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas C Quinn
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine and
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Engineering a Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccine to Prime and Expand Multispecific Viral and Tumor Antigen-Specific T-Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020141. [PMID: 33578850 PMCID: PMC7916617 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because dendritic cells are crucial to prime and expand antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells, several strategies are designed to use them in therapeutic vaccines against infectious diseases or cancer. In this context, off-the-shelf allogeneic dendritic cell-based platforms are more attractive than individualized autologous vaccines tailored to each patient. In the present study, a unique dendritic cell line (PDC*line) platform of plasmacytoid origin, already used to prime and expand antitumor immunity in melanoma patients, was improved thanks to retroviral engineering. We demonstrated that the clinical-grade PDC*line, transduced with genes encoding viral or tumoral whole proteins, efficiently processed and stably presented the transduced antigens in different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I contexts. Moreover, the use of polyepitope constructs allowed the presentation of immunogenic peptides and the expansion of specific cytotoxic effectors. We also demonstrated that the addition of the Lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) sequence greatly improved the presentation of some peptides. Lastly, thanks to transduction of new HLA molecules, the PDC platform can benefit many patients through the easy addition of matched HLA-I molecules. The demonstration of the effective retroviral transduction of PDC*line cells strengthens and broadens the scope of the PDC*line platform, which can be used in adoptive or active immunotherapy for the treatment of infectious diseases or cancer.
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42
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Mukhatayev Z, Ostapchuk YO, Fang D, Le Poole IC. Engineered antigen-specific regulatory T cells for autoimmune skin conditions. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102761. [PMID: 33476816 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of T cells responsible for the regulation of immune responses, thereby maintaining immune homeostasis and providing immune tolerance to both self and non-self-antigens. An increasing number of studies revealed Treg numbers and functions in a variety of autoimmune diseases. Treg deficiency can cause the development of several autoimmune skin diseases including vitiligo, alopecia areata, pemphigoid and pemphigus, psoriasis, and systemic sclerosis. Many clinical trials have been performed for autoimmune conditions using polyclonal Tregs, but efficiency can be significantly improved using antigen-specific Tregs engineered using T cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) constructs. In this review, we systematically reviewed altered frequencies, impaired functions, and phenotypic features of Tregs in autoimmune skin conditions. We also summarized new advances in TCR and CAR based antigen-specific Tregs tested both in animal models and in clinics. The advantages and limitations of each approach were carefully discussed emphasizing possible clinical relevance to patients with autoimmune skin diseases. Moreover, we have reviewed potential approaches for engineering antigen-specific Tregs, and strategies for overcoming possible hurdles in clinical applications. Thereby, antigen-specific Tregs can be infused using autologous adoptive cell transfer to restore Treg numbers and to provide local immune tolerance for autoimmune skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhussipbek Mukhatayev
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin's Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - I Caroline Le Poole
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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43
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Chamucero-Millares JA, Bernal-Estévez DA, Parra-López CA. Usefulness of IL-21, IL-7, and IL-15 conditioned media for expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells from healthy donor-PBMCs suitable for immunotherapy. Cell Immunol 2020; 360:104257. [PMID: 33387685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clonal anergy and depletion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells are characteristics of immunosuppressed patients such as cancer and post-transplant patients. This has promoted translational research on the adoptive transfer of T cells to restore the antigen-specific cellular immunity in these patients. In the present work, we compared the capability of PBMCs and two types of mature monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) to prime and to expand ex-vivo antigen-specific CD8+ T cells using culture conditioned media supplemented with IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21. The data obtained suggest that protocols involving moDCs are as efficient as PBMCs-based cultures in expanding antigen-specific CD8+ T cell to ELA and CMV model epitopes. These three gamma common chain cytokines promote the expansion of naïve-like and central memory CD8+ T cells in PBMCs-based cultures and the expansion of effector memory T cells when moDCs were used. Our results provide new insights into the use of media supplemented with IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 for the in-vitro expansion of early-differentiated antigen-specific CD8+ T cells for immunotherapy purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián A Chamucero-Millares
- Immunology and Translational Medicine Research Group, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, South-America, Colombia; Immunology and Clinical Oncology Research Group, Fundación Salud de los Andes, Calle 44 #58-05, Bogotá, South-America, Colombia.
| | - David A Bernal-Estévez
- Immunology and Clinical Oncology Research Group, Fundación Salud de los Andes, Calle 44 #58-05, Bogotá, South-America, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Parra-López
- Immunology and Translational Medicine Research Group, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, South-America, Colombia.
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44
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Kumbhari A, Egelston CA, Lee PP, Kim PS. Mature Dendritic Cells May Promote High-Avidity Tuning of Vaccine T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:584680. [PMID: 33193401 PMCID: PMC7662095 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines can elicit tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), but durable reductions in tumor burden require vaccines that stimulate high-avidity CTLs. Recent advances in immunotherapy responses have led to renewed interest in vaccine approaches, including dendritic cell vaccine strategies. However, dendritic cell requirements for vaccines that generate potent anti-tumor T-cell responses are unclear. Here we use mathematical modeling to show that, counterintuitively, increasing levels of immature dendritic cells may lead to selective expansion of high-avidity CTLs. This finding is in contrast with traditional dendritic cell vaccine approaches that have sought to harness ex vivo generated mature dendritic cells. We show that the injection of vaccine antigens in the context of increased numbers of immature dendritic cells results in a decreased overall peptide:MHC complex load that favors high-avidity CTL activation and expansion. Overall, our results provide a firm basis for further development of this approach, both alone and in combination with other immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumbhari
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Colt A. Egelston
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Peter P. Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Peter S. Kim
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Holmström MO, Andersen MH. Healthy Donors Harbor Memory T Cell Responses to RAS Neo-Antigens. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103045. [PMID: 33086698 PMCID: PMC7589254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS mutations are the most frequently occurring somatic mutations in humans, and several studies have established that T cells from patients with RAS-mutant cancer recognize and kill RAS-mutant cells. Enhancing the T cell response via therapeutic cancer vaccination against mutant RAS results in a clinical benefit to patients; thus, T cells specific to RAS mutations are effective at battling cancer. As the theory of cancer immuno-editing indicates that healthy donors may clear malignantly transformed cells via immune-mediated killing, and since T cells have been shown to recognize RAS-mutant cancer cells, we investigated whether healthy donors harbor T-cell responses specific to mutant RAS. We identified strong and frequent responses against several epitopes derived from the RAS codon 12 and codon 13 mutations. Some healthy donors demonstrated a response to several mutant epitopes, and some, but not all, exhibited cross-reactivity to the wild-type RAS epitope. In addition, several T cell responses were identified against mutant RAS epitopes in healthy donors directly ex vivo. Clones against mutant RAS epitopes were established from healthy donors, and several of these clones did not cross-react with the wild-type epitope. Finally, CD45RO+ memory T cells from healthy donors demonstrated a strong response to several mutant RAS epitopes. Taken together, these data suggest that the immune system in healthy donors spontaneously clears malignantly transformed RAS-mutant cells, and the immune system consequently generates T-cell memory against the mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Orebo Holmström
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-38-682-602
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark;
- Institute for Immunology and Microbiology, Copenhagen University, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kared H, Redd AD, Bloch EM, Bonny TS, Sumatoh H, Kairi F, Carbajo D, Abel B, Newell EW, Bettinotti MP, Benner SE, Patel EU, Littlefield K, Laeyendecker O, Shoham S, Sullivan D, Casadevall A, Pekosz A, Nardin A, Fehlings M, Tobian AAR, Quinn TC. CD8+ T cell responses in convalescent COVID-19 individuals target epitopes from the entire SARS-CoV-2 proteome and show kinetics of early differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.10.08.330688. [PMID: 33052343 PMCID: PMC7553170 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.08.330688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the T cell response in individuals who recover from SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical to understanding its contribution to protective immunity. A multiplexed peptide-MHC tetramer approach was used to screen 408 SARS-CoV-2 candidate epitopes for CD8+ T cell recognition in a cross-sectional sample of 30 COVID-19 convalescent individuals. T cells were evaluated using a 28-marker phenotypic panel, and findings were modelled against time from diagnosis, humoral and inflammatory responses. 132 distinct SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell epitope responses across six different HLAs were detected, corresponding to 52 unique reactivities. T cell responses were directed against several structural and non-structural virus proteins. Modelling demonstrated a coordinated and dynamic immune response characterized by a decrease in inflammation, increase in neutralizing antibody titer, and differentiation of a specific CD8+ T cell response. Overall, T cells exhibited distinct differentiation into stem-cell and transitional memory states, subsets, which may be key to developing durable protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew D Redd
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Evan M Bloch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tania S. Bonny
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Evan W Newell
- ImmunoScape Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria P. Bettinotti
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah E. Benner
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eshan U. Patel
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten Littlefield
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oliver Laeyendecker
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shmuel Shoham
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Aaron AR Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas C Quinn
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Uncovering the Tumor Antigen Landscape: What to Know about the Discovery Process. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061660. [PMID: 32585818 PMCID: PMC7352969 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the latest available data, cancer is the second leading cause of death, highlighting the need for novel cancer therapeutic approaches. In this context, immunotherapy is emerging as a reliable first-line treatment for many cancers, particularly metastatic melanoma. Indeed, cancer immunotherapy has attracted great interest following the recent clinical approval of antibodies targeting immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, that release the brakes of the immune system, thus reviving a field otherwise poorly explored. Cancer immunotherapy mainly relies on the generation and stimulation of cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTLs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME), priming T cells and establishing efficient and durable anti-tumor immunity. Therefore, there is a clear need to define and identify immunogenic T cell epitopes to use in therapeutic cancer vaccines. Naturally presented antigens in the human leucocyte antigen-1 (HLA-I) complex on the tumor surface are the main protagonists in evocating a specific anti-tumor CD8+ T cell response. However, the methodologies for their identification have been a major bottleneck for their reliable characterization. Consequently, the field of antigen discovery has yet to improve. The current review is intended to define what are today known as tumor antigens, with a main focus on CTL antigenic peptides. We also review the techniques developed and employed to date for antigen discovery, exploring both the direct elution of HLA-I peptides and the in silico prediction of epitopes. Finally, the last part of the review analyses the future challenges and direction of the antigen discovery field.
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Stolk DA, de Haas A, Vree J, Duinkerken S, Lübbers J, van de Ven R, Ambrosini M, Kalay H, Bruijns S, van der Vliet HJ, de Gruijl TD, van Kooyk Y. Lipo-Based Vaccines as an Approach to Target Dendritic Cells for Induction of T- and iNKT Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:990. [PMID: 32536918 PMCID: PMC7267035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we developed a liposome-based vaccine containing palmitoylated synthetic long peptides (SLP) and alpha galactosylceramide (αGC) to specifically target dendritic cells (DC) for activation of both innate (invariant natural killer T-cells [iNKT]) and adaptive (CD8+ T-cells) players of the immune system. Combination of model tumor specific antigens (gp100/MART-1) formulated as a SLP and αGC in one liposome results in strong activation of CD8+ and iNKT, as measured by IFNγ secretion. Moreover, addition of lipo-Lewis Y (LeY) to the liposomes for C-type lectin targeting increased not only uptake by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC), dermal dendritic cells and Langerhans cells but also enhanced gp100-specific CD8+ T- and iNKT cell activation by human skin-emigrated antigen presenting cells in an ex vivo explant model. Loading of moDC with liposomes containing LeY also showed priming of MART-126−35L specific CD8+ T-cells. In conclusion, chemically linking a lipid tail to a glycan-based targeting moiety and SLP combined with αGC in one liposome allows for easy generation of vaccine formulations that target multiple skin DC subsets and induce tumor antigen specific CD8+ T- and iNKT cells. These liposomes present a new vaccination strategy against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian A Stolk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aram de Haas
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jana Vree
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne Duinkerken
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joyce Lübbers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martino Ambrosini
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hakan Kalay
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sven Bruijns
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans J van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,LAVA Therapeutics, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Jacqueline C, Finn OJ. Antibodies specific for disease-associated antigens (DAA) expressed in non-malignant diseases reveal potential new tumor-associated antigens (TAA) for immunotherapy or immunoprevention. Semin Immunol 2020; 47:101394. [PMID: 32273212 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses to a large number of mutated and non-mutated tumor antigens have been studied in an attempt to unravel the highly complex immune response to cancer. Better understanding of both the effectors and the targets of successful immunosurveillance can inform various immunotherapeutic approaches, which can strengthen or replace natural immunosurveillance that a tumor has managed to escape. In this review we highlight targets of antibodies generated in the context of diseases other than cancer, such as asthma, allergies, autoimmune disorders, inflammation and infections, where the antibody presence correlates either with an increased or a reduced lifetime risk of cancer. We focus on their target antigens, self-molecules abnormally expressed on diseased cells or cross-reactive with exogenous antigens and found on cancer cells as tumor associated antigens (TAA). We refer to them as disease-associated antigens (DAA). We review 4 distinct categories of antibodies according to their target DAA, their origin and their reported impact on cancer risk: natural antibodies, autoantibodies, long-term memory antibodies and allergy-associated antibodies. Increased understanding and focus on their specific targets could enable a more rational choice of antigens for both therapeutic and preventative cancer vaccines and other more effective and less toxic cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Jacqueline
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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Riding RL, Harris JE. The Role of Memory CD8 + T Cells in Vitiligo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 203:11-19. [PMID: 31209143 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease mediated by autoreactive CD8+ T cells that destroy the pigment-producing cells of the epidermis, melanocytes, leading to areas of depigmentation. Patients with vitiligo require lifelong treatment to regain and maintain their pigment. Clinical observations uncovered the importance of autoimmune memory in vitiligo because cessation of treatment frequently led to relapse of disease at the site of previous lesions. A subset of memory T cells known as CD8+ resident memory T cells (TRM) are long-lived, nonmigratory memory cells that persist in most nonlymphoid tissues, including the skin. Recent reports describe the presence of CD8+ TRM in lesional vitiligo patient skin and suggest their role as active players in disease maintenance. In this review, we will discuss the role of skin CD8+ TRM in maintaining disease in vitiligo and the opportunity to target this population to induce a long-lasting reversal of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Riding
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - John E Harris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
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