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Chen K, Chi Y, Cheng H, Yang M, Tan Q, Hao J, Lin Y, Mao F, He S, Yang J. Identification and characterization of extrachromosomal circular DNA in large-artery atherosclerotic stroke. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18210. [PMID: 38506071 PMCID: PMC10951879 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a new biomarker and regulator of diseases. However, the role of eccDNAs in large-artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke remains unclear. Through high-throughput circle-sequencing technique, the length distribution, genomic characteristic and motifs feature of plasma eccDNA from healthy controls (CON) and patients with LAA stroke were analysed. Then, the potential functions of the annotated eccDNAs were investigated using GO and KEGG pathway analyses. EccDNAs mapped to the reference genome showed SHN3 and BCL6 were LAA stroke unique transcription factors. The genes of differentially expressed eccDNAs between LAA stroke patients and CON were mainly involved in axon/dendrite/neuron projection development and maintenance of cellular structure via Wnt, Rap1 and MAPK pathways. Moreover, LAA stroke unique eccDNA genes played a role in regulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, and there were five LAA stroke unique eccDNAs (Chr2:12724406-12724784, Chr4:1867120-186272046, Chr4:186271494-186271696, Chr7:116560296-116560685 and Chr11:57611780-5761192). Additionally, POLR2C and AURKA carried by ecDNAs (eccDNA size >100 kb) of LAA stroke patients were significantly associated with development of LAA stroke. Our data firstly revealed the characteristics of eccDNA in LAA stroke and the functions of LAA stroke unique eccDNAs and eccDNA genes, suggesting eccDNA is a novel biomarker and mechanism of LAA stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejie Chen
- School of Public HealthChengdu Medical CollegeChengduPR China
| | - Yanqi Chi
- School of Public HealthChengdu Medical CollegeChengduPR China
| | - Hang Cheng
- Department of NeurologyClinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChengduPR China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of NeurologyClinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChengduPR China
| | - Quandan Tan
- Department of NeurologyClinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChengduPR China
| | - Junli Hao
- School of Bioscience and TechnologyChengdu Medical CollegeChengduPR China
| | - Yapeng Lin
- Department of NeurologyClinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChengduPR China
| | - Fengkai Mao
- Department of NeurologyClinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChengduPR China
| | - Song He
- Department of NeurologyClinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChengduPR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduPR China
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2
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Bartolomé RA, Martín-Regalado Á, Pintado-Berninches L, Robles J, Ramírez-González MÁ, Boukich I, Sanchez-Gómez P, Balyasnikova IV, Casal JI. Schnurri-3 drives tumor growth and invasion in cancer cells expressing interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:742. [PMID: 37963919 PMCID: PMC10645886 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2) is a relevant therapeutic target in glioblastoma (GBM) and other tumors associated with tumor growth and invasion. In a previous study, we demonstrated that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key mediator of the IL-13/IL13Rα2 signaling pathway. PTP1B regulates cancer cell invasion through Src activation. However, PTP1B/Src downstream signaling mechanisms that modulate the invasion process remain unclear. In the present research, we have characterized the PTP1B interactome and the PTP1B-associated phosphoproteome after IL-13 treatment, in different cellular contexts, using proteomic strategies. PTP1B was associated with proteins involved in signal transduction, vesicle transport, and with multiple proteins from the NF-κB signaling pathway, including Tenascin-C (TNC). PTP1B participated with NF-κB in TNC-mediated proliferation and invasion. Analysis of the phosphorylation patterns obtained after PTP1B activation with IL-13 showed increased phosphorylation of the transcription factor Schnurri-3 (SHN3), a reported competitor of NF-κB. SHN3 silencing caused a potent inhibition in cell invasion and proliferation, associated with a down-regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, an extensive decline of MMP9 expression and the subsequent inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models. Regarding clinical value, high expression of SHN3 was associated with poor survival in GBM, showing a significant correlation with the classical and mesenchymal subtypes. In CRC, SHN3 expression showed a preferential association with the mesenchymal subtypes CMS4 and CRIS-B. Moreover, SHN3 expression strongly correlated with IL13Rα2 and MMP9-associated poor prognosis in different cancers. In conclusion, we have uncovered the participation of SNH3 in the IL-13/IL13Rα2/PTP1B pathway to promote tumor growth and invasion. These findings support a potential therapeutic value for SHN3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén A Bartolomé
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ángela Martín-Regalado
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pintado-Berninches
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Robles
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Protein Alternatives SL. Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Issam Boukich
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Protein Alternatives SL. Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Sanchez-Gómez
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Ignacio Casal
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Wu Q, Bai S, Su M, Zhang Y, Chen X, Yue T, Xu L, Wang L, Xie D, Li S, Li X, Fu S, Wang L, Tian C, Pan J, Huang Y, Cai Y, Wang Y, Hu F, Li F, Zhang H, Bai L. HIVEP3 inhibits fate decision of CD8+ invariant NKT cells after positive selection. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:335-346. [PMID: 37479674 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are functionally different from other iNKT cells and are enriched in human but not in mouse. To date, their developmental pathway and molecular basis for fate decision remain unclear. Here, we report enrichment of CD8+ iNKT cells in neonatal mice due to their more rapid maturation kinetics than CD8- iNKT cells. Along developmental trajectories, CD8+ and CD8- iNKT cells separate at stage 0, following stage 0 double-positive iNKT cells, and differ in HIVEP3 expression. HIVEP3 is lowly expressed in stage 0 CD8+ iNKT cells and negatively controls their development, whereas it is highly expressed in stage 0 CD8- iNKT cells and positively controls their development. Despite no effect on IFN-γ, HIVEP3 inhibits granzyme B but promotes interleukin-4 production in CD8+ iNKT cells. Together, we reveal that, as a negative regulator for CD8+ iNKT fate decision, low expression of HIVEP3 in stage 0 CD8+ iNKT cells favors their development and T helper 1-biased cytokine responses as well as high cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qielan Wu
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Shiyu Bai
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Miya Su
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xuran Chen
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ting Yue
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Linfeng Xu
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Pudong Disctrict, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Di Xie
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Shuhang Li
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Sicheng Fu
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Chenxi Tian
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yuting Cai
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Fengyin Li
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Li Bai
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, 4090 Susong Road, Shushan District, Hefei 230601, China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 443 Huangshan Street, Shushan District, Hefei 230027, China
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4
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Stavre Z, Kim JM, Yang YS, Nündel K, Chaugule S, Sato T, Park K, Gao G, Gravallese E, Shim JH. Schnurri-3 inhibition suppresses bone and joint damage in models of rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218019120. [PMID: 37141171 PMCID: PMC10175794 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218019120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to systemic and articular bone loss by activating bone resorption and suppressing bone formation. Despite current therapeutic agents, inflammation-induced bone loss in RA continues to be a significant clinical problem due to joint deformity and lack of articular and systemic bone repair. Here, we identify the suppressor of bone formation, Schnurri-3 (SHN3), as a potential target to prevent bone loss in RA. SHN3 expression in osteoblast-lineage cells is induced by proinflammatory cytokines. Germline deletion or conditional deletion of Shn3 in osteoblasts limits articular bone erosion and systemic bone loss in mouse models of RA. Similarly, silencing of SHN3 expression in these RA models using systemic delivery of a bone-targeting recombinant adenoassociated virus protects against inflammation-induced bone loss. In osteoblasts, TNF activates SHN3 via ERK MAPK-mediated phosphorylation and, in turn, phosphorylated SHN3 inhibits WNT/β-catenin signaling and up-regulates RANKL expression. Accordingly, knock-in of a mutation in Shn3 that fails to bind ERK MAPK promotes bone formation in mice overexpressing human TNF due to augmented WNT/β-catenin signaling. Remarkably, Shn3-deficient osteoblasts are not only resistant to TNF-induced suppression of osteogenesis, but also down-regulate osteoclast development. Collectively, these findings demonstrate SHN3 inhibition as a promising approach to limit bone loss and promote bone repair in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheni Stavre
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Jung-Min Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Yeon-Suk Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Kerstin Nündel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Sachin Chaugule
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Tadatoshi Sato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Kwang Hwan Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul03722, South Korea
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
| | - Ellen M. Gravallese
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Jae-Hyuck Shim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01605
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5
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Yallowitz AR, Shim JH, Xu R, Greenblatt M. An angiogenic approach to osteoanabolic therapy targeting the SHN3-SLIT3 pathway. Bone 2023; 172:116761. [PMID: 37030497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Often, disorders of impaired bone formation involve not only a cell intrinsic defect in the ability of osteoblasts to form bone, but moreover a broader dysfunction of the skeletal microenvironment that limits osteoblast activity. Developing approaches to osteoanabolic therapy that not only augment osteoblast activity but moreover correct this microenvironmental dysfunction may enable both more effective osteoanabolic therapies and also addressing a broader set of indications where vasculopathy or other forms microenvironment dysfunction feature prominently. We here review evidence that SHN3 acts as a suppressor of not only the cell intrinsic bone formation activity of osteoblasts, but moreover of the creation of a local osteoanabolic microenvironment. Mice lacking Schnurri3 (SHN3, HIVEP3) display a very robust increase in bone formation, that is due to de-repression of ERK pathway signaling in osteoblasts. In addition to loss of SHN3 augmenting the differentiation and bone formation activity of osteoblasts, loss of SHN3 increases secretion of SLIT3 by osteoblasts, which in a skeletal context acts as an angiogenic factor. Through this angiogenic activity, SLIT3 creates an osteoanabolic microenvironment, and accordingly treatment with SLIT3 can increase bone formation and enhance fracture healing. These features both validate vascular endothelial cells as a therapeutic target for disorders of low bone mass alongside the traditionally targeted osteoblasts and osteoclasts and indicate that targeting the SHN3/SLIT3 pathway provides a new mechanism to induce therapeutic osteoanabolic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha R Yallowitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States of America
| | - Jae-Hyuck Shim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, USA; Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ren Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University-ICMRS Collaborating Center for Skeletal Stem Cells, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Matthew Greenblatt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States of America; Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10065, United States of America.
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Tang Y, Xu G, Hu B, Zhu Y. HIVEP3 as a potential prognostic factor promotes the development of acute myeloid leukemia. Growth Factors 2023; 41:43-56. [PMID: 36571205 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2158329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common malignancy worldwide. Human immune deficiency virus type 1 enhancer-binding protein 3 (HIVEP3) was verified to play a vital role in types of cancers. However, the functional role of HIVEP3 in AML was rarely reported. In this study, CCK-8, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and Trans-well chamber experiments were applied for detecting cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion in AML cells. The expression of proteins related to TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway was determined by western blot. Our data showed that the expression level of HIVEP3 was closely related to the risk classification and prognosis of AML patients. Moreover, HIVEP3 was highly expressed in AML patients and cells. Knockdown of HIVEP3 significantly repressed cell proliferation invasion, and enhanced cell apoptosis in HL-60 and THP-1 cells. In addition, HIVEP3 donwreglation could inhibit the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. TGF-β overexpression could reverse the inhibition effects of HIVEP3 knockdown on AML development and the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. These findings indicated that HIVEP3 contributed to the progression of AML via regulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and had a prognostic value for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Pathology, Forensci and Pathology Laboratory, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Yuzhang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, PR China
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Cunha C, Koike T, Seki Y, Yamamoto M, Iwashima M. Schnurri 3 promotes Th2 cytokine production during the late phase of T-cell antigen stimulation. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1077-1094. [PMID: 35490426 PMCID: PMC9276650 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Th1 and Th2 polarization is determined by the coordination of numerous factors including the affinity and strength of the antigen-receptor interaction, predominant cytokine environment, and costimulatory molecules present. Here, we show that Schnurri (SHN) proteins have distinct roles in Th1 and Th2 polarization. SHN2 was previously found to block the induction of GATA3 and Th2 differentiation. We found that, in contrast to SHN2, SHN3 is critical for IL-4 production and Th2 polarization. Strength of stimulation controls SHN2 and SHN3 expression patterns, where higher doses of antigen receptor stimulation promoted SHN3 expression and IL-4 production, along with repression of SHN2 expression. SHN3-deficient T cells showed a substantial defect in IL-4 production and expression of AP-1 components, particularly c-Jun and Jun B. This loss of early IL-4 production led to reduced GATA3 expression and impaired Th2 differentiation. Together, these findings uncover SHN3 as a novel, critical regulator of Th2 development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cunha
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyLoyola UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Toru Koike
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceShizuoka UniversityShizuokaJapan
| | - Yoichi Seki
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyLoyola UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Van Kampen Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Mutsumi Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyLoyola UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Van Kampen Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Makio Iwashima
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyLoyola UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Van Kampen Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Stritch School of MedicineLoyola UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Luo Z, Fan Y, Liu X, Liu S, Kong X, Ding Z, Li Y, Wei L. MiR-188-3p and miR-133b Suppress Cell Proliferation in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Post-Transcriptional Suppression of NDRG1. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211033074. [PMID: 34355586 PMCID: PMC8358491 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211033074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies reported that N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) was upregulated in various cancer tissues and decreased expression of miR-188-3p and miR-133b could suppress cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism of NRDG1 involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis is still unknown. Methods: The expressions of miR-188-3p, miR-133b, and NRDG1 in HCC tissues and cells were quantified by qRT-PCR and Western blot. MTT assay and transwell invasion assay were performed to evaluate cell growth and cell migration, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay were performed to determine whether miR-188-3p and miR-133b could directly bind to NRDG1 in HCC cells. Results: The results showed that NRDG1 was upregulated and these 2 microRNAs were downregulated in HCC tissues. NRDG1 was negatively correlated with miR-188-3p and miR-133b in HCC tissues. MiR-188-3p and miR-133b were demonstrated to directly bind to 3′UTR of NRDG1 and inhibit its expression. Upregulation of miR-188-3p and miR-133b reduced NRDG1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, which consequently inhibited cell growth and cell migration. Conclusions: Our finding suggested that miR-188-3p and miR-133b exert a suppressive effect on hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation, invasion, and migration through downregulation of NDRG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhao Luo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, 12403Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Fan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, 12403Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianchang Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, 12403Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuiyi Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, 12403Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Kong
- Department of General Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, 12403Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhonghuan Ding
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, 12403Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Physical Examination Center, 117921Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqing Wei
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, 12403Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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9
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Harsha Krovi S, Zhang J, Michaels-Foster MJ, Brunetti T, Loh L, Scott-Browne J, Gapin L. Thymic iNKT single cell analyses unmask the common developmental program of mouse innate T cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6238. [PMID: 33288744 PMCID: PMC7721697 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most T lymphocytes leave the thymus as naïve cells with limited functionality. However, unique populations of innate-like T cells differentiate into functionally distinct effector subsets during their development in the thymus. Here, we profiled >10,000 differentiating thymic invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells using single-cell RNA sequencing to produce a comprehensive transcriptional landscape that highlights their maturation, function, and fate decisions at homeostasis. Our results reveal transcriptional profiles that are broadly shared between iNKT and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, illustrating a common core developmental program. We further unmask a mutual requirement for Hivep3, a zinc finger transcription factor and adapter protein. Hivep3 is expressed in early precursors and regulates the post-selection proliferative burst, differentiation and functions of iNKT cells. Altogether, our results highlight the common requirements for the development of innate-like T cells with a focus on how Hivep3 impacts the maturation of these lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harsha Krovi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic diseases at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Stanford Health Care, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Tonya Brunetti
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Liyen Loh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James Scott-Browne
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Laurent Gapin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
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10
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Li Y, Liu Z, Tang Y, Feng W, Zhao C, Liao J, Zhang C, Chen H, Ren Y, Dong S, Liu Y, Hu N, Huang W. Schnurri-3 regulates BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells through Runx2 and VEGF. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:72. [PMID: 31996667 PMCID: PMC6989499 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) are multiple potent progenitor cells (MPCs) that can differentiate into different lineages (osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic cells) and have a favorable capacity for angiogenesis. Schnurri-3 (Shn3) is a large zinc finger protein related to Drosophila Shn, which is a critical mediator of postnatal bone formation. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), one of the most potent osteogenic BMPs, can strongly upregulate various osteogenesis- and angiogenesis-related factors in MSCs. It remains unclear how Shn3 is involved in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation coupled with angiogenesis in hAMSCs. In this investigation, we conducted a comprehensive study to identify the effect of Shn3 on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis in hAMSCs and analyze the responsible signaling pathway. The results from in vitro and in vivo experimentation show that Shn3 notably inhibits BMP9-induced early and late osteogenic differentiation of hAMSCs, expression of osteogenesis-related factors, and subcutaneous ectopic bone formation from hAMSCs in nude mice. Shn3 also inhibited BMP9-induced angiogenic differentiation, expression of angiogenesis-related factors, and subcutaneous vascular invasion in mice. Mechanistically, we found that Shn3 prominently inhibited the expression of BMP9 and activation of the BMP/Smad and BMP/MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, we further found activity on runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the target genes shared by BMP and Shn3 signaling pathways. Silencing Shn3 could dramatically enhance the expression of Runx2, which directly regulates the downstream target VEGF to couple osteogenic differentiation with angiogenesis. To summarize, our findings suggested that Shn3 significantly inhibited the BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis in hAMSCs. The effect of Shn3 was primarily seen through inhibition of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway and depressed expression of Runx2, which directly regulates VEGF, which couples BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation with angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ziming Liu
- Institute of Sports Medicine of China, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Junyi Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chengmin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Youliang Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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11
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Genome-wide analysis identifies NR4A1 as a key mediator of T cell dysfunction. Nature 2019; 567:525-529. [PMID: 30814730 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
T cells become dysfunctional when they encounter self antigens or are exposed to chronic infection or to the tumour microenvironment1. The function of T cells is tightly regulated by a combinational co-stimulatory signal, and dominance of negative co-stimulation results in T cell dysfunction2. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this dysfunction remain unclear. Here, using an in vitro T cell tolerance induction system in mice, we characterize genome-wide epigenetic and gene expression features in tolerant T cells, and show that they are distinct from effector and regulatory T cells. Notably, the transcription factor NR4A1 is stably expressed at high levels in tolerant T cells. Overexpression of NR4A1 inhibits effector T cell differentiation, whereas deletion of NR4A1 overcomes T cell tolerance and exaggerates effector function, as well as enhancing immunity against tumour and chronic virus. Mechanistically, NR4A1 is preferentially recruited to binding sites of the transcription factor AP-1, where it represses effector-gene expression by inhibiting AP-1 function. NR4A1 binding also promotes acetylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27ac), leading to activation of tolerance-related genes. This study thus identifies NR4A1 as a key general regulator in the induction of T cell dysfunction, and a potential target for tumour immunotherapy.
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12
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Perturbation in cellular redox homeostasis: Decisive regulator of T cell mediated immune responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 67:449-457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Robbins CJ, Bou-Dargham MJ, Sanchez K, Rosen MC, Sang QXA. Decoding Somatic Driver Gene Mutations and Affected Signaling Pathways in Human Medulloblastoma Subgroups. J Cancer 2018; 9:4596-4610. [PMID: 30588243 PMCID: PMC6299398 DOI: 10.7150/jca.27993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Prior studies have concentrated their efforts studying the four molecular subgroups: SHH, Wnt, group 3, and group 4. SHH and Wnt are driven by their canonical pathways. Groups 3 and 4 are highly metastatic and associated with aberrations in epigenetic regulators. Recent developments in the field have revealed that these subgroups are not as homogenous as previously believed. The objective of this study is to investigate the involvement of somatic driver gene mutations in these medulloblastoma subgroups. We obtained medulloblastoma data from the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC), which contains distinct samples that were not previously studied in a large cohort. We identified somatic driver gene mutations and the signaling pathways affected by these driver genes for medulloblastoma subgroups using bioinformatics tools. We have revealed novel infrequent drivers in these subgroups that contribute to our understanding of tumor heterogeneity in medulloblastoma. Normally SHH signaling is activated in the SHH subgroup, however, we determined gain-of-function mutations in ubiquitin ligase (CUL1) that inhibit Gli-mediated transcription. This suggests a potential hindrance in SHH signaling for some patients. For group 3, gain-of-function in the inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokines (HIVEP3) suggests an immunosuppressive phenotype and thus a more hostile tumor microenvironment. Surprisingly, group 4 tumors possess mutations that may prompt the activation of Wnt signaling through gain-of-function mutations in MUC16 and PCDH9. These infrequent mutations detected in this study could be due to subclonal or spatially restricted alterations. The investigation of aberrant driver gene mutations can lead to the identification of new drug targets and a greater understanding of human medulloblastoma heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Robbins
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University
| | - Mayassa J Bou-Dargham
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University
| | - Kevin Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University
| | - Matthew C Rosen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University
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14
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Qin GQ, He HC, Han ZD, Liang YX, Yang SB, Huang YQ, Zhou L, Fu H, Li JX, Jiang FN, Zhong WD. Combined overexpression of HIVEP3 and SOX9 predicts unfavorable biochemical recurrence-free survival in patients with prostate cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:137-46. [PMID: 24493929 PMCID: PMC3908830 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s55432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To clarify the involvement of HIVEP3 and SOX9 coexpression in prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS A small interfering RNA was used to knockdown SOX9 expression in a PCa cell line and to analyze the effects of SOX9 inhibition on the expression of HIVEP3 in vitro. Then, HIVEP3 and SOX9 expression patterns in the human PCa tissues were detected using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We found that the downregulation of SOX9 could inhibit the expression of HIVEP3 in the PCa cells in vitro. In addition, both HIVEP3 and SOX9 messenger RNA expression levels in the PCa tissues were significantly higher than those in the noncancerous prostate tissues (P=0.006 and P<0.001, respectively). Moreover, the immunohistochemical staining scores of HIVEP3 in the PCa tissues with PSA failure were significantly higher than those without (P=0.042); the increased SOX9 protein expression was more frequently found in the PCa tissues with a high Gleason score (P=0.045) and a high clinical stage (P=0.012). The tumors showing the HIVEP3-high/SOX9-high expression more frequently had PSA failure (P=0.024). When the patients with an HIVEP3 overexpression combined with the SOX9 overexpression, this group had a worse biochemical recurrence-free survival (P<0.001). Furthermore, the multivariate analysis showed that the HIVEP3/SOX9 coexpression was an independent predictor of an unfavorable biochemical recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION Our data offer the convincing evidence for the first time that a combined analysis of HIVEP3 and SOX9 may help to predict the tumor progression and prognosis of PCa patients. In particular, the overexpression of HIVEP3 in PCa might partly explain the poor prognosis of patients with an upregulation of SOX9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Qin
- Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Chan He
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Dong Han
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiang Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Bang Yang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qiang Huang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Fu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Xian Li
- Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Neng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-de Zhong
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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15
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Hao Q, Lu X, Liu N, Xue X, Li M, Zhang C, Qin X, Li W, Shu Z, Song B, Wang Q, Song L, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Posttranscriptional deregulation of Src due to aberrant miR34a and miR203 contributes to gastric cancer development. BMB Rep 2014; 46:316-21. [PMID: 23790975 PMCID: PMC4133899 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.6.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains the main cause of cancer death all around the world, and upregulated activation of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-SRC (SRC) is a key player in the development. In this study, we found that expression of Src is also increased in clinical gastric cancer samples, with the protein level increased more significantly than that at the RNA level. Further study revealed that miR34a and miR203, two tumor suppressive miRNAs, inversely correlate with the expression of Src. Restoration of miR34a and miR203 decreased Src expression in gastric cancer cell lines, which in turn inhibited cell growth and cell migration. In summary, our study here revealed that posttranscriptional regulation of Src contributes to the deregulated cell growth and metastasis in gastric cancer, and targeting Src by miR34a or miR203 mimics would be a promising strategy in therapy. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(6): 316-321]
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, School of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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16
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Abstract
Mice lacking the large zinc finger protein Schnurri-3 (Shn3) display increased bone mass, in part, attributable to augmented osteoblastic bone formation. Here, we show that in addition to regulating bone formation, Shn3 indirectly controls bone resorption by osteoclasts in vivo. Although Shn3 plays no cell-intrinsic role in osteoclasts, Shn3-deficient animals show decreased serum markers of bone turnover. Mesenchymal cells lacking Shn3 are defective in promoting osteoclastogenesis in response to selective stimuli, likely attributable to reduced expression of the key osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand. The bone phenotype of Shn3-deficient mice becomes more pronounced with age, and mice lacking Shn3 are completely resistant to disuse osteopenia, a process that requires functional osteoclasts. Finally, selective deletion of Shn3 in the mesenchymal lineage recapitulates the high bone mass phenotype of global Shn3 KO mice, including reduced osteoclastic bone catabolism in vivo, indicating that Shn3 expression in mesenchymal cells directly controls osteoblastic bone formation and indirectly regulates osteoclastic bone resorption.
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17
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Kelsey EM, Luo X, Brückner K, Jasper H. Schnurri regulates hemocyte function to promote tissue recovery after DNA damage. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:1393-400. [PMID: 22275438 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.095323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue recovery after injury requires coordinated regulation of cell repair and apoptosis, removal of dead cells and regeneration. A critical step in this process is the recruitment of blood cells that mediate local inflammatory and immune responses, promoting tissue recovery. Here we identify a new role for the transcriptional regulator Schnurri (Shn) in the recovery of UV-damaged Drosophila retina. Using an experimental paradigm that allows precise quantification of tissue recovery after a defined dose of UV, we find that Shn activity in the retina is required to limit tissue damage. This function of Shn relies on its transcriptional induction of the PDGF-related growth factor Pvf1, which signals to tissue-associated hemocytes. We show that the Pvf1 receptor PVR acts in hemocytes to induce a macrophage-like morphology and that this is required to limit tissue loss after irradiation. Our results identify a new Shn-regulated paracrine signaling interaction between damaged retinal cells and hemocytes that ensures recovery and homeostasis of the challenged tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Miriam Kelsey
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 633, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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18
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Liu S, Madiai F, Hackshaw KV, Allen CE, Carl J, Huschart E, Karanfilov C, Litsky A, Hickey CJ, Marcucci G, Huja S, Agarwal S, Yu J, Caligiuri MA, Wu LC. The large zinc finger protein ZAS3 is a critical modulator of osteoclastogenesis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17161. [PMID: 21390242 PMCID: PMC3048431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mice deficient in the large zinc finger protein, ZAS3, show postnatal increase in bone mass suggesting that ZAS3 is critical in the regulation of bone homeostasis. Although ZAS3 has been shown to inhibit osteoblast differentiation, its role on osteoclastogenesis has not been determined. In this report we demonstrated the role of ZAS3 in bone resorption by examining the signaling mechanisms involved in osteoclastogenesis. Methodology/Principal Findings Comparison of adult wild-type and ZAS3 knockout (ZAS3−/−) mice showed that ZAS3 deficiency led to thicker bones that are more resistant to mechanical fracture. Additionally, ZAS3−/− bones showed fewer osteoclasts and inefficient M-CSF/sRANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis ex vivo. Utilizing RAW 264.7 pre-osteoclasts, we demonstrated that overexpression of ZAS3 promoted osteoclastogenesis and the expression of crucial osteoclastic molecules, including phospho-p38, c-Jun, NFATc1, TRAP and CTSK. Contrarily, ZAS3 silencing by siRNA inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that ZAS3 associated with TRAF6, the major receptor associated molecule in RANK signaling. Furthermore, EMSA suggested that nuclear ZAS3 could regulate transcription by binding to gene regulatory elements. Conclusion/Significance Collectively, the data suggested a novel role of ZAS3 as a positive regulator of osteoclast differentiation. ZAS3 deficiency caused increased bone mass, at least in part due to decreased osteoclast formation and bone resorption. These functions of ZAS3 were mediated via activation of multiple intracellular targets. In the cytoplasmic compartment, ZAS3 associated with TRAF6 to control NF-kB and MAP kinase signaling cascades. Nuclear ZAS3 acted as a transcriptional regulator for osteoclast-associated genes. Additionally, ZAS3 activated NFATc1 required for the integration of RANK signaling in the terminal differentiation of osteoclasts. Thus, ZAS3 was a crucial molecule in osteoclast differentiation, which might potentially serve as a target in the design of therapeutic interventions for the treatment of bone diseases related to increased osteoclast activity such as postmenopausal osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Francesca Madiai
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kevin V. Hackshaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Carl E. Allen
- Molecular and Cellular Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joseph Carl
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Emily Huschart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chris Karanfilov
- Integrated Biomedical Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alan Litsky
- Department of Orthopaedics and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Hickey
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sarandeep Huja
- Division of Orthodontics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sudha Agarwal
- Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Division of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Caligiuri
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lai-Chu Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Nagao M, Saita Y, Hanyu R, Hemmi H, Notomi T, Hayata T, Nakamoto T, Nakashima K, Kaneko K, Kurosawa H, Ishii S, Ezura Y, Noda M. Schnurri-2 deficiency counteracts against bone loss induced by ovariectomy. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:573-8. [PMID: 21069746 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Schnurri (Shn)-2 is a transcriptional modulator of bone formation and bone resorption and its deficiency causes low turnover state with higher cancellous bone mass due to the defects in osteoclasts that exceeds the defects in osteoblasts in mice. We addressed whether such low turnover of bone remodeling in Shn2 deficiency may be modulated in the absence of estrogen that induces high turnover state in vivo. Ovariectomy reduced bone mass in wild type compared to sham operated control mice and such reduction in bone mass was also observed in Shn2 deficient mice. However, due to the high levels of basal bone mass in Shn2 deficient mice, the bone mass levels after ovariectomy were still comparable to sham operated wild-type mice. Analysis indicated that estrogen depletion increased bone resorption at similar levels in wild type and Shn2 deficient mice though the basal levels of osteoclast number was slightly lower in Shn2-deficient mice. In contrast, basal levels of bone marrow cell mineralization in cultures were low in Shn2-deficeint mice while estrogen depletion increased the mineralization levels to those that were comparable to sham wild type. This indicates that Shn2-deficient mice maintain bone mass at the levels comparable to wild-type sham mice even after ovariectomy-induced bone loss and this correlates with the high levels of mineralization activity in bone marrow cells after ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Nagao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Uncoupling of growth plate maturation and bone formation in mice lacking both Schnurri-2 and Schnurri-3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:8254-8. [PMID: 20404140 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1003727107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation and remodeling of the skeleton relies on precise temporal and spatial regulation of genes expressed in cartilage and bone cells. Debilitating diseases of the skeletal system occur when mutations arise that disrupt these intricate genetic regulatory programs. Here, we report that mice bearing parallel null mutations in the adapter proteins Schnurri2 (Shn2) and Schnurri3 (Shn3) exhibit defects in patterning of the axial skeleton during embryogenesis. Postnatally, these compound mutant mice develop a unique osteochondrodysplasia. The deletion of Shn2 and Shn3 impairs growth plate maturation during endochondral ossification but simultaneously results in massively elevated trabecular bone formation. Hence, growth plate maturation and bone formation can be uncoupled under certain circumstances. These unexpected findings demonstrate that both unique and redundant functions reside in the Schnurri protein family that are required for proper skeletal patterning and remodeling.
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Nakayama T, Kimura MY. Memory Th1/Th2 cell generation controlled by Schnurri-2. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 684:1-10. [PMID: 20795536 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6451-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Schnurri (Shn) is a large zinc-finger containingprotein, which plays a critical role in cell growth, signal transduction and lymphocyte development. There are three orthologues (Shn-1, Shn-2 and Shn-3) in vertebrates. In Shn-2-deficient mice, the activation of NF-kappaB in CD4 T cells is upregulated and their ability to differentiate into Th2 cells is enhanced in part through the increased expression of GATA3. Shn-2 is found to compete with p50 NF-kappaB for binding to a consensus NF-kappaB motif and inhibit the NF-kappaB-driven promoter activity. In addition, Th2-driven allergic airway inflammation was enhanced in Shn-2-deficient mice. Therefore, Shn-2 appears to negatively control the differentiation of Th2 cells and Th2 responses through the repression of NF-kappaB function. Memory Th1/Th2 cells are not properly generated from Shn-2-deficient effector Th1/Th2 cells. The expression levels of CD69 and the number ofapoptotic cells are selectively increased in Shn-2-deficient Thl/Th2 cells when they are transferred into syngeneic host animals, in which memoryh Th1/Th2 cells are generated within a month. In addition, an increased susceptibility to apoptotic cell death is also observed in vitro accompanied with the increased expression of FasL, one of the NF-kappaB-dependent genes. Th2 effector cells overexpressing the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB demonstrate a decreased cell survival particularly in the lymph node. These results indicate that Shn-2-mediated repression of NF-kappaB is required for cell survival and the successful generation of memory Th1/Th2 cells. This may point to the possibility that after antigen clearance the recovery of the quiescent state in effector Th cells is required for the generation of memory Th cells. A repressor molecule Shn-2 plays an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan.
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22
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Histone acetyltransferase CBP is vital to demarcate conventional and innate CD8+ T-cell development. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:3894-904. [PMID: 19433445 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01598-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the chromatin modifications and transcriptional mechanisms that direct the development of different T-cell lineages is a major challenge in immunology. The transcriptional coactivators CREB binding protein (CBP) and the closely related p300, which comprise the KAT3 family of histone/protein lysine acetyltransferases, interact with over 50 T-lymphocyte-essential transcriptional regulators. We show here that CBP, but not p300, modulates the thymic development of conventional adaptive T cells versus those having unconventional innate functions. Conditional inactivation of CBP in the thymus yielded CD8 single-positive (SP) thymocytes with an effector-, memory-, or innate-like T-cell phenotype. In this regard, CD8 SP thymocytes in CBP mutant mice were phenotypically similar to those reported for Itk and Rlk protein tyrosine kinase mutants, including the increased expression of the T-cell master regulatory transcription factor eomesodermin (Eomes) and the interleukin-2 and -15 receptor beta chain (CD122) and an enhanced ability to rapidly produce gamma interferon. CBP was required for the expression of the Itk-dependent genes Egr2, Egr3, and Il2, suggesting that CBP helps mediate Itk-responsive transcription. CBP therefore defines a nuclear component of the signaling pathways that demarcate the development of innate and adaptive naïve CD8(+) T cells in the thymus.
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Jones DC, Glimcher LH. Regulation of bone formation and immune cell development by Schnurri proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 658:117-22. [PMID: 19950022 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1050-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although identified over a decade ago, the function and physiological significance of the mammalian Schnurri protein family remained largely unknown. However, the recent generation and characterization of mice bearing null mutations in the individual Schnurri genes has led to the discovery of unexpected yet central roles for these large zinc-finger proteins in several biological processes. Here, we review findings of these studies and discuss the importance of the Schnurri protein family in regulating both the immune and skeletal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas C Jones
- Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Saita Y, Takagi T, Kitahara K, Usui M, Miyazono K, Ezura Y, Nakashima K, Kurosawa H, Ishii S, Noda M. Lack of Schnurri-2 expression associates with reduced bone remodeling and osteopenia. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:12907-15. [PMID: 17311925 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611203200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of bone remodeling determines the levels of bone mass and its imbalance causes major skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis. A zinc finger protein, Schnurri-2 (SHN-2), was recently demonstrated to regulate bone morphogenetic protein-dependent adipogenesis and lymphogenesis. However, the role of SHN-2 in bone is not known. Here, we investigated the effects of Shn-2 deficiency on bone metabolism and cell function in Shn-2-null mice. Lack of SHN-2 expression reduced bone remodeling by suppressing both osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption activities in vivo. Shn-2 deficiency suppressed osterix and osteocalcin expression as well as in vitro mineralization. Conversely, Shn-2 overexpression enhanced osteocalcin promoter activity and bone morphogenetic protein-dependent osteoblastic differentiation. Shn-2 deficiency suppressed Nfatc1 and c-fos expression leading to reduction of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cell development in vivo as well as in the cultures of bone marrow cells. These studies demonstrate that SHN-2 regulates the activities of critical transcription factors required for normal bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Saita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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25
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Jones DC, Wein MN, Glimcher LH. Schnurri-3: A Key Regulator of Postnatal Skeletal Remodeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 602:1-13. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-72009-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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26
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Allen CE, Richards J, Muthusamy N, Auer H, Liu Y, Robinson ML, Barnard JA, Wu LC. Disruption of ZAS3 in mice alters NF-kappaB and AP-1 DNA binding and T-cell development. Gene Expr 2007; 14:83-100. [PMID: 18257392 PMCID: PMC6042042 DOI: 10.3727/105221607783417574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The large zinc finger proteins, ZAS, regulate the transcription of a variety of genes involved in cell growth, development, and metastasis. They also function in the signal transduction of the TGF-beta and TNF-alpha pathways. However, the endogenous protein of a representative member, ZAS3, is rapidly degraded in primary lymphocytes, which limits the determination of its physiological function in vitro. Therefore, we have generated mice with targeted disruption of ZAS3. Oligonucleotide-based microarray analyses revealed subtle but consistent differences in the expression of genes, many of which are associated with receptor or signal transduction activities between ZAS3+/+ and ZAS3-/- thymi. Gel mobility shift assays showed altered DNA binding activities of NF-kappaB and AP-1 proteins in ZAS3-deficient tissues, including the thymus. Lymphocyte analysis suggested a subtle but broad function of ZAS3 in regulating T-cell development and activation. In CD3+ ZAS3-/- thymocytes, the CD4/ CD8 ratio was decreased and CD69 expression was decreased. In peripheral CD4+ ZAS3-/- lymphocytes we observed an increased number of memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl E. Allen
- *Department of Pediatrics and Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, Columbus Children’s Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- †Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John Richards
- ‡Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- §Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Herbert Auer
- *Department of Pediatrics and Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, Columbus Children’s Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- ‡Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael L. Robinson
- *Department of Pediatrics and Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, Columbus Children’s Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - John A. Barnard
- *Department of Pediatrics and Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, Columbus Children’s Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Lai-Chu Wu
- †Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- §Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- ¶Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Yao LC, Blitz IL, Peiffer DA, Phin S, Wang Y, Ogata S, Cho KWY, Arora K, Warrior R. Schnurri transcription factors fromDrosophilaand vertebrates can mediate Bmp signaling through a phylogenetically conserved mechanism. Development 2006; 133:4025-34. [PMID: 17008448 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (Bmps) are secreted growth factors that play crucial roles in animal development across the phylogenetic spectrum. Bmp signaling results in the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smads,downstream signal transducers that bind DNA. In Drosophila, the zinc finger protein Schnurri (Shn) plays a key role in signaling by the Bmp2/Bmp4 homolog Decapentaplegic (Dpp), by forming a Shn/Smad repression complex on defined promoter elements in the brinker (brk) gene. Brk is a transcriptional repressor that downregulates Dpp target genes. Thus, brk inhibition by Shn results in the upregulation of Dpp-responsive genes. We present evidence that vertebrate Shn homologs can also mediate Bmp responsiveness through a mechanism similar to Drosophila Shn. We find that a Bmp response element (BRE) from the Xenopus Vent2 promoter drives Dpp-dependent expression in Drosophila. However, in sharp contrast to its activating role in vertebrates, the frog BRE mediates repression in Drosophila. Remarkably, despite these opposite transcriptional polarities, sequence changes that abolish cis-element activity in Drosophila also affect BRE function in Xenopus. These similar cis requirements reflect conservation of trans-acting factors, as human Shn1 (hShn1; HIVEP1) can interact with Smad1/Smad4 and assemble an hShn1/Smad complex on the BRE. Furthermore, both Shn and hShn1 activate the BRE in Xenopus embryos, and both repress brk and rescue embryonic patterning defects in shn mutants. Our results suggest that vertebrate Shn proteins function in Bmp signal transduction, and that Shn proteins recruit coactivators and co-repressors in a context-dependent manner,rather than acting as dedicated activators or repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chin Yao
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, and the Developmental Biology Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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28
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Takagi T, Jin W, Taya K, Watanabe G, Mori K, Ishii S. Schnurri-2 mutant mice are hypersensitive to stress and hyperactive. Brain Res 2006; 1108:88-97. [PMID: 16836985 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2005] [Revised: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)/activin superfamily regulates development of the nervous system during embryogenesis and is also suggested to be involved in adult brain function. However, how BMP/TGF-beta/activin signals modulate neuronal function remains unknown. Schnurri is a transcription factor that contains two metal finger regions. Mammalian Shn-2 enters the nucleus from the cytoplasm in response to BMP-2 stimulation and plays an important role in BMP-dependent adipogenesis. To investigate whether mammalian Shn plays a role in adult brain function, we examined the behaviors of mutant mice lacking Shn-2 (Shn-2(-/-)). Shn-2(-/-) mice exhibited hypersensitivity to stress accompanied by anxiety-like behavior. Consistent with this, stress-induced corticosterone levels were significantly higher in Shn-2(-/-) mice compared to wild-type controls. Interestingly, Shn-2(-/-) mice were more active than wild-type mice in a familiar environment. The basal and stress-induced expression levels of the immediate early genes, including c-Fos, were decreased in Shn-2(-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. Thus, Shn-2 plays a critical role in locomotion and anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Takagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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29
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Cismasiu VB, Ghanta S, Duque J, Albu DI, Chen HM, Kasturi R, Avram D. BCL11B participates in the activation of IL2 gene expression in CD4+ T lymphocytes. Blood 2006; 108:2695-702. [PMID: 16809611 PMCID: PMC1895584 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-05-021790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL11A and BCL11B are transcriptional regulators important for lymphopoiesis and previously associated with hematopoietic malignancies. Ablation of the mouse Bcl11b locus results in failure to generate double-positive thymocytes, implicating a critical role of Bcl11b in T-cell development. However, BCL11B is also expressed in CD4+ T lymphocytes, both in resting and activated states. Here we show both in transformed and primary CD4+ T cells that BCL11B participates in the control of the interleukin-2 (IL2) gene expression following activation through T-cell receptor (TCR). BCL11B augments expression from the IL2 promoter through direct binding to the US1 site. In addition, BCL11B associates with the p300 coactivator in CD4+ T cells activated through TCR, which may account for its transcriptional activation function. These results provide the first evidence that BCL11B, originally described as a transcriptional repressor, activates transcription of a target gene in the context of T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriu B Cismasiu
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research (MC-165), Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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30
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Jin W, Takagi T, Kanesashi SN, Kurahashi T, Nomura T, Harada J, Ishii S. Schnurri-2 controls BMP-dependent adipogenesis via interaction with Smad proteins. Dev Cell 2006; 10:461-71. [PMID: 16580992 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Revised: 11/25/2005] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation is an important component of obesity, but how hormonal cues mediate adipocyte differentiation remains elusive. BMP stimulates in vitro adipocyte differentiation, but the role of BMP in adipogenesis in vivo is unknown. Drosophila Schnurri (Shn) is required for the signaling of Decapentaplegic, a Drosophila BMP homolog, via interaction with the Mad/Medea transcription factors. Vertebrates have three Shn orthologs, Shn-1, -2, and -3. Here, we report that Shn-2(-/-) mice have reduced white adipose tissue and that Shn-2(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts cannot efficiently differentiate into adipocytes in vitro. Shn-2 enters the nucleus upon BMP-2 stimulation and, in cooperation with Smad1/4 and C/EBPalpha, induces the expression of PPARgamma2, a key transcription factor for adipocyte differentiation. Shn-2 directly interacts with both Smad1/4 and C/EBPalpha on the PPARgamma2 promoter. These results indicate that Shn-2-mediated BMP signaling has a critical role in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhu Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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Aliahmad P, Kaye J. Commitment issues: linking positive selection signals and lineage diversification in the thymus. Immunol Rev 2006; 209:253-73. [PMID: 16448547 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2006.00345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The thymus is responsible for the production of CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, which constitute the cellular arm of the immune system. These cell types derive from common precursors that interact with thymic stroma in a T-cell receptor (TCR)-specific fashion, generating intracellular signals that are translated into function-specific changes in gene expression. This overall process is termed positive selection, but it encompasses a number of temporally distinct and possibly mechanistically distinct cellular changes, including rescue from apoptosis, initiation of cell differentiation, and commitment to the CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell lineage. One of the puzzling features of positive selection is how specificity of the TCR controls lineage commitment, as both helper and cytolytic T cells utilize the same antigen-receptor components, with the exception of the CD4 or CD8 coreceptors themselves. In this review, we focus on the signals required for positive selection, particularly as they relate to lineage commitment. Identification of genes encoding transcriptional regulators that play a role in T-cell development has led to significant recent advances in the field. We also provide an overview of nuclear factors in this context and, where known, how their regulation is linked to the same TCR signals that have been implicated in initiating and regulating positive selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Aliahmad
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Wu LC, Goettl VM, Madiai F, Hackshaw KV, Hussain SRA. Reciprocal regulation of nuclear factor kappa B and its inhibitor ZAS3 after peripheral nerve injury. BMC Neurosci 2006; 7:4. [PMID: 16409637 PMCID: PMC1361774 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-7-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NF-kappaB binds to the kappaB motif to regulate transcription of genes involved in growth, immunity and inflammation, and plays a pivotal role in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines after nerve injuries. The zinc finger protein ZAS3 also binds to the kappaB or similar motif. In addition to competition for common DNA sites, in vitro experiments have shown that ZAS3 can inhibit NF-kappaB via the association with TRAF2 to inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. However, the physiological significance of the ZAS3-mediated inhibition of NF-kappaB has not been demonstrated. The purpose of this study is to characterize ZAS3 proteins in nervous tissues and to use spinal nerve ligation, a neuropathic pain model, to demonstrate a functional relationship between ZAS3 and NF-kappaB. RESULTS Immunohistochemical experiments show that ZAS3 is expressed in specific regions of the central and peripheral nervous system. Abundant ZAS3 expression is found in the trigeminal ganglion, hippocampal formation, dorsal root ganglia, and motoneurons. Low levels of ZAS3 expressions are also found in the cerebral cortex and in the grey matter of the spinal cord. In those nervous tissues, ZAS3 is expressed mainly in the cell bodies of neurons and astrocytes. Together with results of Western blot analyses, the data suggest that ZAS3 protein isoforms with differential cellular distribution are produced in a cell-specific manner. Further, neuropathic pain confirmed by persistent mechanical allodynia was manifested in rats seven days after L5 and L6 lumbar spinal nerve ligation. Changes in gene expression, including a decrease in ZAS3 and an increase in the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB were observed in dorsal root ganglion ipsilateral to the ligation when compared to the contralateral side. CONCLUSION ZAS3 is expressed in nervous tissues involved in cognitive function and pain modulation. The down-regulation of ZAS3 after peripheral nerve injury may lead to activation of NF-kappaB, allowing Wallerian regeneration and induction of NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression, including pro-inflammatory cytokines. We propose that reciprocal changes in the expression of ZAS3 and NF-kappaB might generate neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Chu Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Virginia M Goettl
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Francesca Madiai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kevin V Hackshaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
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Bunting K, Wang J, Shannon MF. Control of interleukin-2 gene transcription: a paradigm for inducible, tissue-specific gene expression. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2006; 74:105-45. [PMID: 17027513 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(06)74005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a key cytokine that controls immune cell function, in particular the adaptive arm of the immune system, through its ability to control the clonal expansion and homeostasis of peripheral T cells. IL-2 is produced almost exclusively by T cells in response to antigenic stimulation and thus provides an excellent example of a cell-specific inducible gene. The mechanisms that control IL-2 gene transcription have been studied in detail for the past 20 years and our current understanding of the nature of the inducible and tissue-specific controls will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bunting
- Division of Molecular Bioscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Fujii H, Gabrielson E, Takagaki T, Ohtsuji M, Ohtsuji N, Hino O. Frequent down-regulation of HIVEP2 in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 91:103-12. [PMID: 15868437 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-004-5779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The HIVEP2 gene, located on 6q23-q24, belongs to a family of genes that encodes large zinc fingers containing transcription factor proteins. Although this gene has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses and cellular proliferation, its functions are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated HIVEP2 gene abnormalities in microdissected breast cancer tissue. For real-time quantitational RT-PCR analysis of paired normal and tumor tissues, mRNA levels were down-regulated to a maximum of 96%. The overall median expression level in breast cancer (33 cases) was significantly lower than that in normal breast tissue (normalized median value of 4.49 versus 17.68; p < 0.0001). Through full-length 5'-RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) analysis, we identified multiple exons in the 5'-untranslated regions with multiple transcriptional start sites, four of which were located in a large CpG island. No tissue- or cancer-specific usage patterns for the transcription start sites were identified by multiplex RT-PCR analysis. Only faint methylation was detected in the 5' region of the island in normal cells and breast cancer tissue, indicating physiological, aging and no tumor-specific methylation. Mutation screening showed only germline polymorphisms. Thus, down-regulation of the HIVEP2 genes frequently occurs and may be one of the genetic events responsible for breast cancer, and their transcription may be regulated by complex mechanisms involving interactions with other factors and/or by other genetic/epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Fujii
- Department of Pathology II, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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Bettelli E, Dastrange M, Oukka M. Foxp3 interacts with nuclear factor of activated T cells and NF-kappa B to repress cytokine gene expression and effector functions of T helper cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:5138-43. [PMID: 15790681 PMCID: PMC555574 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0501675102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Scurfy mice, which are deficient in a functional Foxp3, exhibit a severe lymphoproliferative disorder and display generalized over-production of cytokines. Here, we show that, among the Foxp transcriptional factor family, which includes Foxp1, Foxp2, and Foxp3, only Foxp3 has the ability to inhibit IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma production by primary T helper cells. We found that Foxp3 physically associates with the Rel family transcription factors, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and NF-kappaB, and blocks their ability to induce the endogenous expression of their target genes, including key cytokine genes. More importantly, T cells derived from scurfy mice have a dramatic increase in nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and NF-kappa B transcriptional activity compared with the T cells derived from WT mice. Furthermore, complementation of Foxp3 in scurfy-derived T cells lowers the NFAT and NF-kappa B transcriptional activity to the physiological level. Finally, we show that myelin proteolipid protein-specific autoreactive T cells transduced with Foxp3 cannot mediate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, providing further support that Foxp3 suppresses the effector function of autoreactive T cells. Foxp3 has already been associated with the generation of CD4(+)CD25+ regulatory T cells; our data additionally demonstrate that Foxp3 suppresses the effector functions of T helper cells by directly inhibiting the activity of two key transcription factors, NFAT and NF-kappa B, which are essential for cytokine gene expression and T cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Bettelli
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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He L, Grammer AC, Wu X, Lipsky PE. TRAF3 forms heterotrimers with TRAF2 and modulates its ability to mediate NF-{kappa}B activation. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:55855-65. [PMID: 15383523 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407284200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
FRET experiments utilizing confocal microscopy or flow cytometry assessed homo- and heterotrimeric association of human tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAF) in living cells. Following transfection of HeLa cells with plasmids expressing CFP- or YFP-TRAF fusion proteins, constitutive homotypic association of TRAF2, -3, and -5 was observed, as well as heterotypic association of TRAF1-TRAF2 and TRAF3-TRAF5. A novel heterotypic association between TRAF2 and -3 was detected and confirmed by immunoprecipitation in Ramos B cells that constitutively express both TRAF2 and -3. Experiments employing deletion mutants of TRAF2 and TRAF3 revealed that this heterotypic interaction minimally involved the TRAF-C domain of TRAF3 as well as the TRAF-N domain and zinc fingers 4 and 5 of TRAF2. A novel flow cytometric FRET analysis utilizing a two-step approach to achieve linked FRET from CFP to YFP to HcRed established that TRAF2 and -3 constitutively form homo- and heterotrimers. The functional importance of TRAF2-TRAF3 heterotrimerization was demonstrated by the finding that TRAF3 inhibited spontaneous NF-kappaB, but not AP-1, activation induced by TRAF2. Ligation of CD40 on Ramos B cells by recombinant CD154 caused TRAF2 and TRAF3 to dissociate, whereas overexpression of TRAF3 in Ramos B cells inhibited CD154-induced TRAF2-mediated activation of NF-kappaB. Together, these results reveal a novel association between TRAF2 and TRAF3 that is mediated by unique portions of each protein and that specifically regulates activation of NF-kappaB, but not AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liusheng He
- Flow Cytometry Section in the Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases/NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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