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Li W, Jin D, Takai S, Inoue N, Yamanishi K, Tanaka Y, Okamura H. IL-18 primes T cells with an antigen-inexperienced memory phenotype for proliferation and differentiation into effector cells through Notch signaling. J Leukoc Biol 2024:qiae172. [PMID: 39213165 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that a subset of CD8+ T cells exhibit innate features and can be activated by cytokines. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the proliferation and differentiation of these cells remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that CD44highCD8+ T cells in the mouse spleen express functional interleukin-18 (IL-18) receptors, whereas CD44lowCD8+ T cells do not. In response to IL-18 stimulation, these cells activated various metabolic pathways, upregulated the expression of surface molecules, such as c-Kit (CD117), CD25, and PD-1, and induced progression through the G1/S phase in the cell cycle. IL-18-primed cells, expressing a high-affinity receptor for IL-2, exhibited robust proliferation in response to IL-2 and underwent differentiation into effector cells. The splenic CD44highCD8+ T cells exhibited high expression levels of CD122, CD62L, CCR7, and CXCR3, along with CD5, indicating their potential for migration to the lymph nodes, where they could undergo expansion and terminal differentiation into effector cells. Additionally, in a tumor model, administration of IL-18 increased the accumulation of CD8+ T cells in both the lymph nodes and tumors. It is noteworthy that stimulation of CD44highCD8+ T cells with IL-18 upregulated the Notch-1 receptor and c-Myc. Moreover, inclusion of γ-secretase inhibitors attenuated the effect of IL-18 on both proliferation and interferon-γ production in the cells. These results demonstrate that IL-18 primes CD44highCD122highCXCR3highCD62LhighCD8+ T cells for expansion and differentiation into effector cells in a Notch signaling-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Innovation Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
- International Cooperation for Medical Innovation Co., Ltd., 1-5-2 Minami-machi, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Denan Jin
- Department of Innovation Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Shinji Takai
- Department of Innovation Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Natsuko Inoue
- Department of Innovation Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yamanishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Haruki Okamura
- Department of Innovation Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
- International Cooperation for Medical Innovation Co., Ltd., 1-5-2 Minami-machi, Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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Yu H, Yang W, Cao M, Lei Q, Yuan R, Xu H, Cui Y, Chen X, Su X, Zhuo H, Lin L. Mechanism study of ubiquitination in T cell development and autoimmune disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359933. [PMID: 38562929 PMCID: PMC10982411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells play critical role in multiple immune processes including antigen response, tumor immunity, inflammation, self-tolerance maintenance and autoimmune diseases et. Fetal liver or bone marrow-derived thymus-seeding progenitors (TSPs) settle in thymus and undergo T cell-lineage commitment, proliferation, T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement, and thymic selections driven by microenvironment composed of thymic epithelial cells (TEC), dendritic cells (DC), macrophage and B cells, thus generating T cells with diverse TCR repertoire immunocompetent but not self-reactive. Additionally, some self-reactive thymocytes give rise to Treg with the help of TEC and DC, serving for immune tolerance. The sequential proliferation, cell fate decision, and selection during T cell development and self-tolerance establishment are tightly regulated to ensure the proper immune response without autoimmune reaction. There are remarkable progresses in understanding of the regulatory mechanisms regarding ubiquitination in T cell development and the establishment of self-tolerance in the past few years, which holds great potential for further therapeutic interventions in immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyong Yang
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingqiang Lei
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renbin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - He Xu
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqian Cui
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuerui Chen
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Su
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangbin Lin
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Feng T, Wang P, Zhang X. Skp2: A critical molecule for ubiquitination and its role in cancer. Life Sci 2024; 338:122409. [PMID: 38184273 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a multi-step process that serves as the primary pathway for protein degradation within cells. UPS activity also plays a crucial role in regulating various life processes, including the cell cycle, signal transduction, DNA repair, and others. The F-box protein Skp2, a crucial member of the UPS, plays a central role in the development of various diseases. Skp2 controls cancer cell growth and drug resistance by ubiquitinating modifications to a variety of proteins. This review emphasizes the multifaceted role of Skp2 in a wide range of cancers and the mechanisms involved, highlighting the potential of Skp2 as a therapeutic target in cancer. Additionally, we describe the impactful influence exerted by Skp2 in various other diseases beyond cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Feng
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Urology, Shenyang 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Research for Bladder Diseases, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Ping Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Urology, Shenyang 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Research for Bladder Diseases, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xiling Zhang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Department of Urology, Shenyang 110032, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Research for Bladder Diseases, Shenyang 110000, China.
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4
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Lee M, Geitgey DK, Hamilton JAG, Boss JM, Scharer CD, Spangle JM, Haynes KA, Henry CJ. Adipocyte-mediated epigenomic instability in human T-ALL cells is cytotoxic and phenocopied by epigenetic-modifying drugs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:909557. [PMID: 36060800 PMCID: PMC9438935 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.909557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The world’s population with obesity is reaching pandemic levels. If current trends continue, it is predicted that there will be 1.5 billion people with obesity by 2030. This projection is alarming due to the association of obesity with numerous diseases including cancer, with recent studies demonstrating a positive association with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Interestingly, several epidemiological studies suggest the converse relationship may exist in patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). To determine the relationship between obesity and T-ALL development, we employed the diet-induced obesity (DIO) murine model and cultured human T-ALL cells in adipocyte-conditioned media (ACM), bone marrow stromal cell-conditioned media, stromal conditioned media (SCM), and unconditioned media to determine the functional impact of increased adiposity on leukemia progression. Whereas only 20% of lean mice transplanted with T-ALL cells survived longer than 3 months post-inoculation, 50%–80% of obese mice with leukemia survived over this same period. Furthermore, culturing human T-ALL cells in ACM resulted in increased histone H3 acetylation (K9/K14/K18/K23/K27) and methylation (K4me3 and K27me3) posttranslational modifications (PTMs), which preceded accelerated cell cycle progression, DNA damage, and cell death. Adipocyte-mediated epigenetic changes in human T-ALL cells were recapitulated with the H3K27 demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4 and the pan-HDAC inhibitor vorinostat. These drugs were also highly cytotoxic to human T-ALL cells at low micromolar concentrations. In summary, our data support epidemiological studies demonstrating that adiposity suppresses T-ALL pathogenesis. We present data demonstrating that T-ALL cell death in adipose-rich microenvironments is induced by epigenetic modifications, which are not tolerated by leukemia cells. Similarly, GSK-J4 and vorinostat treatment induced epigenomic instability and cytotoxicity profiles that phenocopied the responses of human T-ALL cells to ACM, which provides additional support for the use of epigenetic modifying drugs as a treatment option for T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Delaney K. Geitgey
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jamie A. G. Hamilton
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher D. Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Spangle
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Karmella A. Haynes
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Curtis J. Henry
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Curtis J. Henry,
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Thomsen I, Kunowska N, de Souza R, Moody AM, Crawford G, Wang YF, Khadayate S, Whilding C, Strid J, Karimi MM, Barr AR, Dillon N, Sabbattini P. RUNX1 Regulates a Transcription Program That Affects the Dynamics of Cell Cycle Entry of Naive Resting B Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:2976-2991. [PMID: 34810221 PMCID: PMC8675107 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RUNX1 is a transcription factor that plays key roles in hematopoietic development and in hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis. In this article, we report that RUNX1 regulates a gene expression program in naive mouse B cells that affects the dynamics of cell cycle entry in response to stimulation of the BCR. Conditional knockout of Runx1 in mouse resting B cells resulted in accelerated entry into S-phase after BCR engagement. Our results indicate that Runx1 regulates the cyclin D2 (Ccnd2) gene, the immediate early genes Fosl2, Atf3, and Egr2, and the Notch pathway gene Rbpj in mouse B cells, reducing the rate at which transcription of these genes increases after BCR stimulation. RUNX1 interacts with the chromatin remodeler SNF-2-related CREB-binding protein activator protein (SRCAP), recruiting it to promoter and enhancer regions of the Ccnd2 gene. BCR-mediated activation triggers switching between binding of RUNX1 and its paralog RUNX3 and between SRCAP and the switch/SNF remodeling complex member BRG1. Binding of BRG1 is increased at the Ccnd2 and Rbpj promoters in the Runx1 knockout cells after BCR stimulation. We also find that RUNX1 exerts positive or negative effects on a number of genes that affect the activation response of mouse resting B cells. These include Cd22 and Bank1, which act as negative regulators of the BCR, and the IFN receptor subunit gene Ifnar1 The hyperresponsiveness of the Runx1 knockout B cells to BCR stimulation and its role in regulating genes that are associated with immune regulation suggest that RUNX1 could be involved in regulating B cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inesa Thomsen
- Gene Regulation and Chromatin Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Kunowska
- Gene Regulation and Chromatin Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roshni de Souza
- Gene Regulation and Chromatin Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Moody
- Gene Regulation and Chromatin Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Crawford
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Fang Wang
- Bioinformatics and Computing, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Khadayate
- Bioinformatics and Computing, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chad Whilding
- Microscopy Facility, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Strid
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad M Karimi
- Bioinformatics and Computing, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis R Barr
- Cell Cycle Control Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom; and
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Dillon
- Gene Regulation and Chromatin Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom;
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pierangela Sabbattini
- Gene Regulation and Chromatin Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom;
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6
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Minguzzi M, Panichi V, D’Adamo S, Cetrullo S, Cattini L, Flamigni F, Mariani E, Borzì RM. Pleiotropic Roles of NOTCH1 Signaling in the Loss of Maturational Arrest of Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112012. [PMID: 34769441 PMCID: PMC8585104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling has been identified as a critical regulator of cartilage development and homeostasis. Its pivotal role was established by both several joint specific Notch signaling loss of function mouse models and transient or sustained overexpression. NOTCH1 is the most abundantly expressed NOTCH receptors in normal cartilage and its expression increases in osteoarthritis (OA), when chondrocytes exit from their healthy “maturation arrested state” and resume their natural route of proliferation, hypertrophy, and terminal differentiation. The latter are hallmarks of OA that are easily evaluated in vitro in 2-D or 3-D culture models. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of NOTCH1 knockdown on proliferation (cell count and Picogreen mediated DNA quantification), cell cycle (flow cytometry), hypertrophy (gene and protein expression of key markers such as RUNX2 and MMP-13), and terminal differentiation (viability measured in 3-D cultures by luminescence assay) of human OA chondrocytes. NOTCH1 silencing of OA chondrocytes yielded a healthier phenotype in both 2-D (reduced proliferation) and 3-D with evidence of decreased hypertrophy (reduced expression of RUNX2 and MMP-13) and terminal differentiation (increased viability). This demonstrates that NOTCH1 is a convenient therapeutic target to attenuate OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Minguzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Veronica Panichi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (S.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Stefania D’Adamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Silvia Cetrullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (S.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Luca Cattini
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Flavio Flamigni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (S.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Erminia Mariani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.); (E.M.)
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Rosa Maria Borzì
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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7
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New insights into TCR β-selection. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:735-750. [PMID: 34261578 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) β-selection (herein referred to as β-selection) is a pivotal checkpoint in mammalian T cell development when immature CD4-CD8- T-cells (thymocytes) express pre-TCR following successful Tcrb gene rearrangement. At this stage, αβ T cell lineage commitment and allelic exclusion to restrict one β-chain per cell take place and thymocytes undergo a proliferative burst. β-selection is known to be crucially dependent upon synchronized Notch and pre-TCR signaling; however, other necessary inputs have been identified over the past decade, expanding our knowledge and understanding of the β-selection process. In this review, we discuss recent mechanistic findings that have enabled a more detailed decoding of the molecular dynamics of the β-selection checkpoint and have helped to elucidate its role in early T cell development.
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Patni AP, Harishankar MK, Joseph JP, Sreeshma B, Jayaraj R, Devi A. Comprehending the crosstalk between Notch, Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways in oral squamous cell carcinoma - clinical implications. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:473-494. [PMID: 33704672 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant oral cavity neoplasm that affects many people, especially in developing countries. Despite several advances that have been made in diagnosis and treatment, the morbidity and mortality rates due to OSCC remain high. Accumulating evidence indicates that aberrant activation of cellular signaling pathways, such as the Notch, Wnt and Hedgehog pathways, occurs during the development and metastasis of OSCC. In this review, we have articulated the roles of the Notch, Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways in OSCC and their crosstalk during tumor development and progression. We have also examined possible interactions and associations between these pathways and treatment regimens that could be employed to effectively tackle OSCC and/or prevent its recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Activation of the Notch signaling pathway upregulates the expression of several genes, including c-Myc, β-catenin, NF-κB and Shh. Associations between the Notch signaling pathway and other pathways have been shown to enhance OSCC tumor aggressiveness. Crosstalk between these pathways supports the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and regulates OSCC cell motility. Thus, application of compounds that block these pathways may be a valid strategy to treat OSCC. Such compounds have already been employed in other types of cancer and could be repurposed for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali P Patni
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kanchipuram, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - M K Harishankar
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kanchipuram, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Joel P Joseph
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kanchipuram, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Bhuvanadas Sreeshma
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kanchipuram, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Rama Jayaraj
- College of Human and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Ellangowan Drive, Darwin, Northern Territory, 0909, Australia
| | - Arikketh Devi
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kanchipuram, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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9
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Lattmann E, Deng T, Hajnal A. To Divide or Invade: A Look Behind the Scenes of the Proliferation-Invasion Interplay in the Caenorhabditis elegans Anchor Cell. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:616051. [PMID: 33490081 PMCID: PMC7815685 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.616051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell invasion is defined by the capability of cells to migrate across compartment boundaries established by basement membranes (BMs). The development of complex organs involves regulated cell growth and regrouping of different cell types, which are enabled by controlled cell proliferation and cell invasion. Moreover, when a malignant tumor takes control over the body, cancer cells evolve to become invasive, allowing them to spread to distant sites and form metastases. At the core of the switch between proliferation and invasion are changes in cellular morphology driven by remodeling of the cytoskeleton. Proliferative cells utilize their actomyosin network to assemble a contractile ring during cytokinesis, while invasive cells form actin-rich protrusions, called invadopodia that allow them to breach the BMs. Studies of developmental cell invasion as well as of malignant tumors revealed that cell invasion and proliferation are two mutually exclusive states. In particular, anchor cell (AC) invasion during Caenorhabditis elegans larval development is an excellent model to study the transition from cell proliferation to cell invasion under physiological conditions. This mini-review discusses recent insights from the C. elegans AC invasion model into how G1 cell-cycle arrest is coordinated with the activation of the signaling networks required for BM breaching. Many regulators of the proliferation-invasion network are conserved between C. elegans and mammals. Therefore, the worm may provide important clues to better understand cell invasion and metastasis formation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Lattmann
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ting Deng
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Science PhD Program, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alex Hajnal
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Labi V, Derudder E. Cell signaling and the aging of B cells. Exp Gerontol 2020; 138:110985. [PMID: 32504658 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The uniqueness of each B cell lies in the structural diversity of the B-cell antigen receptor allowing the virtually limitless recognition of antigens, a necessity to protect individuals against a range of challenges. B-cell development and response to stimulation are exquisitely regulated by a group of cell surface receptors modulating various signaling cascades and their associated genetic programs. The effects of these signaling pathways in optimal antibody-mediated immunity or the aberrant promotion of immune pathologies have been intensely researched in the past in young individuals. In contrast, we are only beginning to understand the contribution of these pathways to the changes in B cells of old organisms. Thus, critical transcription factors such as E2A and STAT5 show differential expression or activity between young and old B cells. As a result, B-cell physiology appears altered, and antibody production is impaired. Here, we discuss selected phenotypic changes during B-cell aging and attempt to relate them to alterations of molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Labi
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Emmanuel Derudder
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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11
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Asmamaw MD, Liu Y, Zheng YC, Shi XJ, Liu HM. Skp2 in the ubiquitin-proteasome system: A comprehensive review. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1920-1949. [PMID: 32391596 DOI: 10.1002/med.21675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a complex process that regulates protein stability and activity by the sequential actions of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes to influence diverse aspects of eukaryotic cells. However, due to the diversity of proteins in cells, substrate selection is a highly critical part of the process. As a key player in UPS, E3 ubiquitin ligases recruit substrates for ubiquitination specifically. Among them, RING E3 ubiquitin ligases which are the most abundant E3 ubiquitin ligases contribute to diverse cellular processes. The multisubunit cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) are the largest family of RING E3 ubiquitin ligases with tremendous plasticity in substrate specificity and regulate a vast array of cellular functions. The F-box protein Skp2 is a component of CRL1 (the prototype of CRLs) which is expressed in many tissues and participates in multiple cellular functions such as cell proliferation, metabolism, and tumorigenesis by contributing to the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of several specific tumor suppressors. Most importantly, Skp2 plays a pivotal role in a plethora of cancer-associated signaling pathways. It enhances cell growth, accelerates cell cycle progression, promotes migration and invasion, and inhibits cell apoptosis among others. Hence, targeting Skp2 may represent a novel and attractive strategy for the treatment of different human cancers overexpressing this oncogene. In this review article, we summarized the known roles of Skp2 both in health and disease states in relation to the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moges Dessale Asmamaw
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Henan Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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12
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Khan F, Singh VK, Saeed M, Kausar MA, Ansari IA. Carvacrol Induced Program Cell Death and Cell Cycle Arrest in Androgen-Independent Human Prostate Cancer Cells via Inhibition of Notch Signaling. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1588-1608. [PMID: 31364516 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190731152942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have revealed that abnormal activation of Notch signaling is closely related with the development and progression of prostate cancer. Although there are numerous therapeutic strategies, a more effective modality with least side effects is urgently required for the treatment of prostate cancer. Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol and majorly present in the essential oils of Lamiaceae family plants. Many previous reports have shown various biological activities of carvacrol like antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer properties. Recently, we have shown potent anticancer property of carvacrol against prostate cancer cell line DU145. In the current study, we report the chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of carvacrol against another prostate cancer cell line PC-3 with its detailed mechanism of action. METHODS To determine the effect of the carvacrol on prostate cancer cells, the cell viability was estimated by MTT assay and cell death was estimated by LDH release assay. The apoptotic assay was performed by DAPI staining and FITC-Annexin V assay. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was estimated by DCFDA method. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative real time PCR. RESULTS Our results suggested that the carvacrol treatment significantly reduced the cell viability of PC-3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The antiproliferative action of carvacrol was correlated with apoptosis which was confirmed by nuclear condensation, FITC-Annexin V assay, modulation in expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase activation. The mechanistic insight into carvacrol-induced apoptosis leads to finding of elevated level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption. Cell cycle analysis revealed that carvacrol prevented cell cycle in G0/G1 that was associated with decline in expression of cyclin D1 and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4) and augmented expression of CDK inhibitor p21. Having been said the role of hyperactivation of Notch signaling in prostate cancer, we also deciphered that carvacrol could inhibit Notch signaling in PC-3 cells via downregulation of Notch-1, and Jagged-1. CONCLUSION Thus, our previous and current findings have established the strong potential of carvacrol as a chemopreventive agent against androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.,Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Vipendra K Singh
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd A Kausar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan A Ansari
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
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13
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Cai Z, Moten A, Peng D, Hsu CC, Pan BS, Manne R, Li HY, Lin HK. The Skp2 Pathway: A Critical Target for Cancer Therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:16-33. [PMID: 32014608 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Strictly regulated protein degradation by ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for various cellular processes whose dysregulation is linked to serious diseases including cancer. Skp2, a well characterized component of Skp2-SCF E3 ligase complex, is able to conjugate both K48-linked ubiquitin chains and K63-linked ubiquitin chains on its diverse substrates, inducing proteasome mediated proteolysis or modulating the function of tagged substrates respectively. Overexpression of Skp2 is observed in various human cancers associated with poor survival and adverse therapeutic outcomes, which in turn suggests that Skp2 engages in tumorigenic activity. To that end, the oncogenic properties of Skp2 are demonstrated by various genetic mouse models, highlighting the potential of Skp2 as a target for tackling cancer. In this article, we will describe the downstream substrates of Skp2 as well as upstream regulators for Skp2-SCF complex activity. We will further summarize the comprehensive oncogenic functions of Skp2 while describing diverse strategies and therapeutic platforms currently available for developing Skp2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
| | - Asad Moten
- National Capital Consortium, Department of Defense, Washington DC, 20307, USA; Institute for Complex Systems, HealthNovations International, Houston, TX, 77089, USA; Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Danni Peng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Rajeshkumar Manne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Science, 200 South Cedar, Little Rock AR 72202, USA
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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14
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Kontio JAJ, Sillanpää MJ. Scalable Nonparametric Prescreening Method for Searching Higher-Order Genetic Interactions Underlying Quantitative Traits. Genetics 2019; 213:1209-1224. [PMID: 31585953 PMCID: PMC6893368 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaussian process (GP)-based automatic relevance determination (ARD) is known to be an efficient technique for identifying determinants of gene-by-gene interactions important to trait variation. However, the estimation of GP models is feasible only for low-dimensional datasets (∼200 variables), which severely limits application of the GP-based ARD method for high-throughput sequencing data. In this paper, we provide a nonparametric prescreening method that preserves virtually all the major benefits of the GP-based ARD method and extends its scalability to the typical high-dimensional datasets used in practice. In several simulated test scenarios, the proposed method compared favorably with existing nonparametric dimension reduction/prescreening methods suitable for higher-order interaction searches. As a real-data example, the proposed method was applied to a high-throughput dataset downloaded from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) with measured expression levels of 16,976 genes (after preprocessing) from patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho A J Kontio
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014, Finland and
| | - Mikko J Sillanpää
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014, Finland and
- Infotech Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014, Finland
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15
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Rodriguez S, Abundis C, Boccalatte F, Mehrotra P, Chiang MY, Yui MA, Wang L, Zhang H, Zollman A, Bonfim-Silva R, Kloetgen A, Palmer J, Sandusky G, Wunderlich M, Kaplan MH, Mulloy JC, Marcucci G, Aifantis I, Cardoso AA, Carlesso N. Therapeutic targeting of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SKP2 in T-ALL. Leukemia 2019; 34:1241-1252. [PMID: 31772299 PMCID: PMC7192844 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Timed degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 by the E3 ubiquitin ligase F-box protein SKP2 is critical for T-cell progression into cell cycle, coordinating proliferation and differentiation processes. SKP2 expression is regulated by mitogenic stimuli and by Notch signaling, a key pathway in T-cell development and in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL); however, it is not known whether SKP2 plays a role in the development of T-ALL. Here, we determined that SKP2 function is relevant for T-ALL leukemogenesis, whereas is dispensable for T-cell development. Targeted inhibition of SKP2 by genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade markedly inhibited proliferation of human T-ALL cells in vitro and antagonized disease in vivo in murine and xenograft leukemia models, with little effect on normal tissues. We also demonstrate a novel feed forward feedback loop by which Notch and IL-7 signaling cooperatively converge on SKP2 induction and cell cycle activation. These studies show that the Notch/SKP2/p27Kip1 pathway plays a unique role in T-ALL development and provide a proof-of-concept for the use of SKP2 as a new therapeutic target in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rodriguez
- Beckman Research Institute, Gehr Leukemia Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Herman B Wells Center, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Christina Abundis
- Beckman Research Institute, Gehr Leukemia Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Francesco Boccalatte
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Purvi Mehrotra
- Herman B Wells Center, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mark Y Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mary A Yui
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Herman B Wells Center, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Huajia Zhang
- Herman B Wells Center, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Amy Zollman
- Herman B Wells Center, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ricardo Bonfim-Silva
- Herman B Wells Center, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Riberão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Andreas Kloetgen
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Joycelynne Palmer
- Beckman Research Institute, Gehr Leukemia Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - George Sandusky
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Herman B Wells Center, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - James C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Beckman Research Institute, Gehr Leukemia Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Angelo A Cardoso
- Beckman Research Institute, Gehr Leukemia Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Nadia Carlesso
- Beckman Research Institute, Gehr Leukemia Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA. .,Herman B Wells Center, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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16
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Notch and the pre-TCR coordinate thymocyte proliferation by induction of the SCF subunits Fbxl1 and Fbxl12. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1381-1392. [PMID: 31451788 PMCID: PMC6754294 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation is tightly regulated during T cell development and is limited to immature CD4−CD8− thymocytes. The major proliferative event is initiated at the ‘β-selection’ stage following successful rearrangement of Tcrβ and is triggered by and dependent on concurrent signaling by Notch and the pre-TCR; however, it is unclear how these signals cooperate to promote cell proliferation. Here we found that β-selection-associated proliferation required the combined activity of two SCF ubiquitin ligase complexes that included as substrate recognition subunits the F-box proteins Fbxl1 or Fbxl12. Both SCF complexes targeted the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Cdkn1b for ubiquitinylaton and degradation. We found that Notch signals induced the transcription of Fbxl1 whereas pre-TCR signals induced the transcription of Fbxl12. Thus, concurrent Notch and pre-TCR signaling induced the expression of two genes, Fbxl1 and Fbxl12, whose products functioned identically but additively to promote degradation of Cdkn1b, cell cycle progression, and proliferation of β-selected thymocytes.
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17
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Picocci S, Bizzoca A, Corsi P, Magrone T, Jirillo E, Gennarini G. Modulation of Nerve Cell Differentiation: Role of Polyphenols and of Contactin Family Components. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:119. [PMID: 31380366 PMCID: PMC6656924 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the mechanisms are explored, which modulate expression and function of cell surface adhesive glycoproteins of the Immunoglobulin Supergene Family (IgSF), and in particular of its Contactin subset, during neuronal precursor developmental events. In this context, a specific topic concerns the significance of the expression profile of such molecules and their ability to modulate signaling pathways activated through nutraceuticals, in particular polyphenols, administration. Both in vitro and in vivo approaches are chosen. As for the former, by using as a model the human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma line, the effects of grape seed polyphenols are evaluated on proliferation and commitment/differentiation events along the neuronal lineage. In SH-SY5Y cell cultures, polyphenols were found to counteract precursor proliferation while promoting their differentiation, as deduced by studying their developmental parameters through the expression of cell cycle and neuronal commitment/differentiation markers as well as by measuring neurite growth. In such cultures, Cyclin E expression and BrdU incorporation were downregulated, indicating reduced precursor proliferation while increased neuronal differentiation was inferred from upregulation of cell cycle exit (p27–Kip) and neuronal commitment (NeuN) markers as well as by measuring neurite length through morphometric analysis. The polyphenol effects on developmental parameters were also explored in vivo, in cerebellar cortex, by using as a model the TAG/F3 transgenic line, which undergoes delayed neural development as a consequence of Contactin1 adhesive glycoprotein upregulation and premature expression under control of the Contactin2 gene (Cntn-2) promoter. In this transgenic line, a Notch pathway activation is known to occur and polyphenol treatment was found to counteract such an effect, demonstrated through downregulation of the Hes-1 transcription factor. Polyphenols also downregulated the expression of adhesive glycoproteins of the Contactin family themselves, demonstrated for both Contactin1 and Contactin2, indicating the involvement of changes in the expression of the underlying genes in the observed phenotype. These data support the hypothesis that the complex control exerted by polyphenols on neural development involves modulation of expression and function of the genes encoding cell adhesion molecules of the Contactin family and of the associated signaling pathways, indicating potential mechanisms whereby such compounds may control neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Picocci
- Laboratories of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Medical School, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Bizzoca
- Laboratories of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Medical School, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Corsi
- Laboratories of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Medical School, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Thea Magrone
- Laboratories of Immunology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Medical School, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Laboratories of Immunology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Medical School, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gennarini
- Laboratories of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Medical School, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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18
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Carrieri FA, Murray PJ, Ditsova D, Ferris MA, Davies P, Dale JK. CDK1 and CDK2 regulate NICD1 turnover and the periodicity of the segmentation clock. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e46436. [PMID: 31267714 PMCID: PMC6607002 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
All vertebrates share a segmented body axis. Segments form from the rostral end of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) with a periodicity that is regulated by the segmentation clock. The segmentation clock is a molecular oscillator that exhibits dynamic clock gene expression across the PSM with a periodicity that matches somite formation. Notch signalling is crucial to this process. Altering Notch intracellular domain (NICD) stability affects both the clock period and somite size. However, the mechanism by which NICD stability is regulated in this context is unclear. We identified a highly conserved site crucial for NICD recognition by the SCF E3 ligase, which targets NICD for degradation. We demonstrate both CDK1 and CDK2 can phosphorylate NICD in the domain where this crucial residue lies and that NICD levels vary in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Inhibiting CDK1 or CDK2 activity increases NICD levels both in vitro and in vivo, leading to a delay of clock gene oscillations and an increase in somite size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Anna Carrieri
- Division of Cell and Developmental BiologySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | | | - Dimitrinka Ditsova
- Division of Cell and Developmental BiologySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | | | - Paul Davies
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Jacqueline Kim Dale
- Division of Cell and Developmental BiologySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
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19
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Sales-Dias J, Silva G, Lamy M, Ferreira A, Barbas A. The Notch ligand DLL1 exerts carcinogenic features in human breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217002. [PMID: 31107884 PMCID: PMC6527237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS These findings provide further evidence that DLL1 exerts carcinogenic effects in BC cells. The dissimilar effects of DLL1 downregulation observed amongst MCF-7, BT474, and MDA-MB-231 cells is likely due to their distinctive genetic and biologic characteristics, suggesting that DLL1 contributes to BC through various mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Sales-Dias
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- ITQB—Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Silva
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Márcia Lamy
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Andreia Ferreira
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Barbas
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
- Bayer Portugal, Carnaxide, Portugal
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20
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Niapour A, Ghasemi Hamidabadi H, Niapour N, Mohammadi P, Sharifi Pasandi M, Malekzadeh V. Pharmacological Notch pathway inhibition leads to cell cycle arrest and stimulates ascl1 and neurogenin2 genes expression in dental pulp stem cells-derived neurospheres. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:873-887. [PMID: 31073804 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human dental pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs) are becoming an attractive source for cell-based neurorestorative therapies. As such, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate the differentiation of hDPSCs toward the neuronal fate. Notch signaling plays key roles in neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) maintenance and prevention of their differentiation. The aim of this study was to address the effects of Notch signaling inhibition on neurosphere formation of hDPSCs and neuronal differentiation of hDPSCs-neurospheres. RESULTS hDPSCs were isolated from third molar teeth. The cultivated hDPSCs highly expressed CD90 and CD44 and minimally presented CD34 and CD45 surface markers. The osteo/adipogenic differentiation of hDPSCs was documented. hDPSCs were cultured in neural induction medium and N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)]-Sphenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) was applied to impede Notch signaling during transformation into spheres or on the formed neurospheres. Our results showed that the size and number of neurospheres decreased and the expression profile of nestin, sox1 and pax6 genes reduced provided DAPT. Treatment of the formed neurospheres with DAPT resulted in the cleaved Notch1 reduction, G0/G1 arrest and a decline in L-lactate production. DAPT significantly reduced hes1 and hey1 genes, while ascl1 and neurogenin2 expressions augmented. The number of MAP2 positive cells improved in the DAPT-treated group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated the Notch activity in hDPSCs-neurospheres. DAPT treatment positively regulated proneural genes expression and increased neuronal-like differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Niapour
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Hatef Ghasemi Hamidabadi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Immunogenetic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nazila Niapour
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Perham Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Marzieh Sharifi Pasandi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Vadoud Malekzadeh
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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21
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Hossain F, Sorrentino C, Ucar DA, Peng Y, Matossian M, Wyczechowska D, Crabtree J, Zabaleta J, Morello S, Del Valle L, Burow M, Collins-Burow B, Pannuti A, Minter LM, Golde TE, Osborne BA, Miele L. Notch Signaling Regulates Mitochondrial Metabolism and NF-κB Activity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells via IKKα-Dependent Non-canonical Pathways. Front Oncol 2018; 8:575. [PMID: 30564555 PMCID: PMC6289043 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have high risk of recurrence and metastasis, and current treatment options remain limited. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have been linked to cancer initiation, progression and chemotherapy resistance. Notch signaling is a key pathway regulating TNBC CSC survival. Treatment of TNBC with PI3K or mTORC1/2 inhibitors results in drug-resistant, Notch-dependent CSC. However, downstream mechanisms and potentially druggable Notch effectors in TNBC CSCs are largely unknown. We studied the role of the AKT pathway and mitochondrial metabolism downstream of Notch signaling in TNBC CSC from cell lines representative of different TNBC molecular subtypes as well as a novel patient-derived model. We demonstrate that exposure of TNBC cells to recombinant Notch ligand Jagged1 leads to rapid AKT phosphorylation in a Notch1-dependent but RBP-Jκ independent fashion. This requires mTOR and IKKα. Jagged1 also stimulates mitochondrial respiration and fermentation in an AKT- and IKK-dependent fashion. Notch1 co-localizes with mitochondria in TNBC cells. Pharmacological inhibition of Notch cleavage by gamma secretase inhibitor PF-03084014 in combination with AKT inhibitor MK-2206 or IKK-targeted NF-κB inhibitor Bay11-7082 blocks secondary mammosphere formation from sorted CD90hi or CD44+CD24low (CSCs) cells. A TNBC patient-derived model gave comparable results. Besides mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, Jagged1 also triggers nuclear, NF-κB-dependent transcription of anti-apoptotic gene cIAP-2. This requires recruitment of Notch1, IKKα and NF-κB to the cIAP-2 promoter. Our observations support a model where Jagged1 triggers IKKα-dependent, mitochondrial and nuclear Notch1 signals that stimulate AKT phosphorylation, oxidative metabolism and transcription of survival genes in PTEN wild-type TNBC cells. These data suggest that combination treatments targeting the intersection of the Notch, AKT and NF-κB pathways have potential therapeutic applications against CSCs in TNBC cases with Notch1 and wild-type PTEN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fokhrul Hossain
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Claudia Sorrentino
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Deniz A Ucar
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yin Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Margarite Matossian
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Dorota Wyczechowska
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Judy Crabtree
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Luis Del Valle
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Matthew Burow
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Bridgette Collins-Burow
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Antonio Pannuti
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Lisa M Minter
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida at Gainesville, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Barbara A Osborne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Lucio Miele
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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22
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Nakamura M, Wu L, Griffin JD, Kojika S, Goi K, Inukai T, Sugita K. Notch1 activation enhances proliferation via activation of cdc2 and delays differentiation of myeloid progenitors. Leuk Res 2018; 72:34-44. [PMID: 30086426 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the Notch signaling pathway has crucial roles in the control of fate decision and differentiation in numerous cell types. However, the role of Notch signaling in regulating proliferation and differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells remains controversial. To elucidate this issue, we modulated Notch activity through transducing a constitutively activated form of Notch1 and/or a dominant-negative form of MAML1 (DNMAML1) into myeloid progenitor 32D cells and assessed their effects on cell proliferation and differentiation. We found that Notch1 activation enhances proliferation and delays granulocytic differentiation of 32D cells. The enhanced proliferation due to activated Notch1 signaling was associated with upregulation of c-Myc, followed by decreased expression of p21 and p27, and increased cdc2 kinase activity, through a mechanism that was not blocked by DNMAML1. Conversely, Notch1 activation significantly delayed granulocytic differentiation and maintained a part of myeloid progenitor cells in an immature stage, and this Notch1-mediated effect was dependent on MAML. The Notch1-induced effects on mye myeloid cell proliferation and differentiation were likely mediated by induction of c-Myc and repression of PU.1, respectively. Thus, Notch1 signaling plays an important part in modulating proliferation and differentiation in MAML-independent and -dependent manners and promoting expansion of myeloid progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamamashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Lizi Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, UF health Cancer Center, University of Florida, 1376 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610-3363, United States
| | - James D Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Satoru Kojika
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamamashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kumiko Goi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamamashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamamashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kanji Sugita
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamamashi 409-3898, Japan
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23
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Clement E, Inuzuka H, Nihira NT, Wei W, Toker A. Skp2-dependent reactivation of AKT drives resistance to PI3K inhibitors. Sci Signal 2018. [PMID: 29535262 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao3810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K-AKT kinase signaling pathway is frequently deregulated in human cancers, particularly breast cancer, where amplification and somatic mutations of PIK3CA occur with high frequency in patients. Numerous small-molecule inhibitors targeting both PI3K and AKT are under clinical evaluation, but dose-limiting toxicities and the emergence of resistance limit therapeutic efficacy. Various resistance mechanisms to PI3K inhibitors have been identified, including de novo mutations, feedback activation of AKT, or cross-talk pathways. We found a previously unknown resistance mechanism to PI3K pathway inhibition that results in AKT rebound activation. In a subset of triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, treatment with a PI3K inhibitor or depletion of PIK3CA expression ultimately promoted AKT reactivation in a manner dependent on the E3 ubiquitin ligase Skp2, the kinases IGF-1R (insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) and PDK-1 (phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1), and the cell growth and metabolism-regulating complex mTORC2 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2), but was independent of PI3K activity or PIP3 production. Resistance to PI3K inhibitors correlated with the increased abundance of Skp2, ubiquitylation of AKT, cell proliferation in culture, and xenograft tumor growth in mice. These findings reveal a ubiquitin signaling feedback mechanism by which PI3K inhibitor resistance may emerge in aggressive breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Clement
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Naoe T Nihira
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alex Toker
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. .,Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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24
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Anti-cancer effects of curcumin on lung cancer through the inhibition of EZH2 and NOTCH1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26535-50. [PMID: 27049834 PMCID: PMC5041997 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is potentially therapeutic for malignant diseases. The mechanisms of this effect might involve a combination of antioxidant, immunomodulatory, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic activities. However, the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, we provided evidences that curcumin suppressed the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in lung cancer cells both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. Curcumin inhibited the expression of EZH2 through microRNA (miR)-let 7c and miR-101. Curcumin decreased the expression of NOTCH1 through the inhibition of EZH2. There was a reciprocal regulation between EZH2 and NOTCH1 in lung cancer cells. These observations suggest that curcumin inhibits lung cancer growth and metastasis at least partly through the inhibition of EZH2 and NOTCH1.
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25
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Oliveira ML, Akkapeddi P, Alcobia I, Almeida AR, Cardoso BA, Fragoso R, Serafim TL, Barata JT. From the outside, from within: Biological and therapeutic relevance of signal transduction in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Signal 2017. [PMID: 28645565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological cancer that arises from clonal expansion of transformed T-cell precursors. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the external stimuli and cell-intrinsic lesions that drive aberrant activation of pivotal, pro-tumoral intracellular signaling pathways in T-cell precursors, driving transformation, leukemia expansion, spread or resistance to therapy. In addition to their pathophysiological relevance, receptors and kinases involved in signal transduction are often attractive candidates for targeted drug development. As such, we discuss also the potential of T-ALL signaling players as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana L Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Padma Akkapeddi
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Alcobia
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Afonso R Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno A Cardoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Fragoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa L Serafim
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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26
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Horne GA, Copland M. Approaches for targeting self-renewal pathways in cancer stem cells: implications for hematological treatments. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:465-474. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1303477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Abad M, Hashimoto H, Zhou H, Morales MG, Chen B, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. Notch Inhibition Enhances Cardiac Reprogramming by Increasing MEF2C Transcriptional Activity. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:548-560. [PMID: 28262548 PMCID: PMC5355682 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Conversion of fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes represents a potential means of restoring cardiac function after myocardial infarction, but so far this process remains inefficient and little is known about its molecular mechanisms. Here we show that DAPT, a classical Notch inhibitor, enhances the conversion of mouse fibroblasts into induced cardiac-like myocytes by the transcription factors GATA4, HAND2, MEF2C, and TBX5. DAPT cooperates with AKT kinase to further augment this process, resulting in up to 70% conversion efficiency. Moreover, DAPT promotes the acquisition of specific cardiomyocyte features, substantially increasing calcium flux, sarcomere structure, and the number of spontaneously beating cells. Transcriptome analysis shows that DAPT induces genetic programs related to muscle development, differentiation, and excitation-contraction coupling. Mechanistically, DAPT increases binding of the transcription factor MEF2C to the promoter regions of cardiac structural genes. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the reprogramming process and may have important implications for cardiac regeneration therapies. Notch activation is a barrier for GHMT-induced cardiac cell reprogramming Notch blockade by DAPT improves GHMT-induced cardiac reprogramming DAPT increases sarcomere organization, calcium flux, and beating in GHMT reprogramming DAPT enhances transcriptional activity of MEF2C in GHMT reprogramming
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Abad
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Cell Plasticity and Cancer Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), c/Natzaret, 115-117, Barcelona 08035, Spain.
| | - Hisayuki Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Huanyu Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Maria Gabriela Morales
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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28
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Panaccione A, Chang MT, Carbone BE, Guo Y, Moskaluk CA, Virk RK, Chiriboga L, Prasad ML, Judson B, Mehra S, Yarbrough WG, Ivanov SV. NOTCH1 and SOX10 are Essential for Proliferation and Radiation Resistance of Cancer Stem-Like Cells in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:2083-95. [PMID: 27084744 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the existence of cancer stem cells (CSC) in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) has been proposed, lack of assays for their propagation and uncertainty about molecular markers prevented their characterization. Our objective was to isolate CSC from ACC and provide insight into signaling pathways that support their propagation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To isolate CSC from ACC and characterize them, we used ROCK inhibitor-supplemented cell culture, immunomagnetic cell sorting, andin vitro/in vivoassays for CSC viability and tumorigenicity. RESULTS We identified in ACC CD133-positive CSC that expressed NOTCH1 and SOX10, formed spheroids, and initiated tumors in nude mice. CD133(+)ACC cells produced activated NOTCH1 (N1ICD) and generated CD133(-)cells that expressed JAG1 as well as neural differentiation factors NR2F1, NR2F2, and p27Kip1. Knockdowns ofNOTCH1, SOX10, and their common effectorFABP7had negative effects on each other, inhibited spheroidogenesis, and induced cell death pointing at their essential roles in CSC maintenance. Downstream effects ofFABP7knockdown included suppression of a broad spectrum of genes involved in proliferation, ribosome biogenesis, and metabolism. Among proliferation-linked NOTCH1/FABP7 targets, we identified SKP2 and its substrate p27Kip1. A γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, selectively depleted CD133(+)cells, suppressed N1ICD and SKP2, induced p27Kip1, inhibited ACC growthin vivo, and sensitized CD133(+)cells to radiation. CONCLUSIONS These results establish in the majority of ACC the presence of a previously uncharacterized population of CD133(+)cells with neural stem properties, which are driven by SOX10, NOTCH1, and FABP7. Sensitivity of these cells to Notch inhibition and their dependence on SKP2 offer new opportunities for targeted ACC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Panaccione
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael T Chang
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Beatrice E Carbone
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, New York University (NYU), New York, New York
| | - Manju L Prasad
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Benjamin Judson
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Saral Mehra
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wendell G Yarbrough
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. H&N Disease Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut. Molecular Virology Program, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sergey V Ivanov
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Převorovský M, Oravcová M, Zach R, Jordáková A, Bähler J, Půta F, Folk P. CSL protein regulates transcription of genes required to prevent catastrophic mitosis in fission yeast. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:3082-3093. [PMID: 27687771 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1235100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For every eukaryotic cell to grow and divide, intricately coordinated action of numerous proteins is required to ensure proper cell-cycle progression. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been instrumental in elucidating the fundamental principles of cell-cycle control. Mutations in S. pombe 'cut' (cell untimely torn) genes cause failed coordination between cell and nuclear division, resulting in catastrophic mitosis. Deletion of cbf11, a fission yeast CSL transcription factor gene, triggers a 'cut' phenotype, but the precise role of Cbf11 in promoting mitotic fidelity is not known. We report that Cbf11 directly activates the transcription of the acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase gene cut6, and the biotin uptake/biosynthesis genes vht1 and bio2, with the former 2 implicated in mitotic fidelity. Cbf11 binds to a canonical, metazoan-like CSL response element (GTGGGAA) in the cut6 promoter. Expression of Cbf11 target genes shows apparent oscillations during the cell cycle using temperature-sensitive cdc25-22 and cdc10-M17 block-release experiments, but not with other synchronization methods. The penetrance of catastrophic mitosis in cbf11 and cut6 mutants is nutrient-dependent. We also show that drastic decrease in biotin availability arrests cell proliferation but does not cause mitotic defects. Taken together, our results raise the possibility that CSL proteins play conserved roles in regulating cell-cycle progression, and they could guide experiments into mitotic CSL functions in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Převorovský
- a Department of Cell Biology , Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Martina Oravcová
- a Department of Cell Biology , Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Róbert Zach
- a Department of Cell Biology , Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jordáková
- a Department of Cell Biology , Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jürg Bähler
- b Research Department of Genetics , Evolution & Environment and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London , Gower Street, London , UK
| | - František Půta
- a Department of Cell Biology , Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Folk
- a Department of Cell Biology , Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
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30
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Li Y, Jing C, Tang X, Chen Y, Han X, Zhu Y. LXR activation causes G1/S arrest through inhibiting SKP2 expression in MIN6 pancreatic beta cells. Endocrine 2016; 53:689-700. [PMID: 27071658 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear hormone receptors with central roles in lipid homeostasis. We previously showed that LXR activation induced aberrant lipid metabolism and G1 cell cycle arrest in pancreatic beta cells. In this study, we aimed to identify the molecular target of LXR causing G1 arrest. LXR activation was induced by its agonist, T0901317. A series of luciferase reporters of truncated Skp2 promoter were analyzed in MIN6 cells. mRNA and protein levels of SKP2 and P27 were detected. Flow cytometry assay was used to determine the cell cycle distribution. MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability. LXR activation increased cell distribution in G1 phase and lipid accumulation. Since dominant-negative Srebp1c could clear the deposited lipid rather than recover the G1 arrest, we identified S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) as a potential target gene of LXR. In deed, LXR activation significantly inhibited Skp2 gene expression and protein amount. We also observed that the luciferase activity of Skp2 promoter was suppressed by T0901317 and the potential LXR regulatory site was narrowed down to a region of nt -289 to -38. Silencing Lxrα and Lxrβ rescued SKP2 protein level and recovered the cellular growth repressed by LXR activation. Moreover, SKP2 overabundance reduced P27 protein level by promoting its degradation, consequently overcame the G1 arrest caused by T0901317. Our findings demonstrate that transrepressing Skp2 expression by LXR activation resulted in defective SKP2-mediated P27 degradation and inhibitory cell growth in beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwen Jing
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Del Debbio CB, Mir Q, Parameswaran S, Mathews S, Xia X, Zheng L, Neville AJ, Ahmad I. Notch Signaling Activates Stem Cell Properties of Müller Glia through Transcriptional Regulation and Skp2-mediated Degradation of p27Kip1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152025. [PMID: 27011052 PMCID: PMC4806989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Müller glia (MG), the sole glial cells generated by retinal progenitors, have emerged as a viable cellular target for therapeutic regeneration in degenerative blinding diseases, as they possess dormant stem cell properties. However, the mammalian MG does not display the neurogenic potential of their lower vertebrate counterparts, precluding their practical clinical use. The answer to this barrier may be found in two interlinked processes underlying the neurogenic potential, i.e., the activation of the dormant stem cell properties of MG and their differentiation along the neuronal lineage. Here, we have focused on the former and examined Notch signaling-mediated activation of MG. We demonstrate that one of the targets of Notch signaling is the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI), p27Kip1, which is highly expressed in quiescent MG. Notch signaling facilitates the activation of MG by inhibiting p27Kip1 expression. This is likely achieved through the Notch- p27Kip1 and Notch-Skp2-p27Kip1 axes, the former inhibiting the expression of p27Kip1 transcripts and the latter levels of p27Kip1 proteins by Skp2-mediated proteasomal degradation. Thus, Notch signaling may facilitate re-entry of MG into the cell cycle by inhibiting p27Kip1 expression both transcriptionally and post-translationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Beltrame Del Debbio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Qulsum Mir
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Sowmya Parameswaran
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Saumi Mathews
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Xiaohuan Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Neville
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hayashi T, Gust KM, Wyatt AW, Goriki A, Jäger W, Awrey S, Li N, Oo HZ, Altamirano-Dimas M, Buttyan R, Fazli L, Matsubara A, Black PC. Not all NOTCH Is Created Equal: The Oncogenic Role of NOTCH2 in Bladder Cancer and Its Implications for Targeted Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:2981-92. [PMID: 26769750 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent molecular analyses of bladder cancer open the door to significant advances in targeted therapies. NOTCH has been identified as a tumor suppressor in bladder cancer, but prior reports have focused on NOTCH1 Here we hypothesized that NOTCH2 is an oncogene suitable for therapeutic targeting in bladder cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We studied genomic aberrations of NOTCH, compared survival and tumor progression according to NOTCH2 expression levels, and studied NOTCH2 function in vitro and vivo RESULTS We report a high rate of NOTCH2 copy number gain in bladder cancer. High NOTCH2 expression was identified especially in the basal subtype and in mesenchymal tumors. NOTCH2 activation correlated with adverse disease parameters and worse prognosis by immunohistochemistry. Forced overexpression of the intracellular domain of NOTCH2 (N2ICD) induced cell growth and invasion by cell-cycle progression, maintenance of stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These effects were abrogated by silencing of CSL, indicating that the effects were mediated through the canonical NOTCH signaling pathway. In an orthotopic xenograft model, forced overexpression of N2ICD increased growth, invasion, and metastasis. To explore the potential for therapeutic targeting of NOTCH2, we first silenced the receptor with shRNA and subsequently treated with a specific inhibitory antibody. Both interventions decreased cell growth, invasion, and metastasis in vitro and in the orthotopic xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that NOTCH2 acts as an oncogene that promotes bladder cancer growth and metastasis through EMT, cell-cycle progression, and maintenance of stemness. Inhibition of NOTCH2 is a rational novel treatment strategy for invasive bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2981-92. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsutaro Hayashi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kilian M Gust
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander W Wyatt
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Akihiro Goriki
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Jäger
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shannon Awrey
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Na Li
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manuel Altamirano-Dimas
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ralph Buttyan
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Peter C Black
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Kim DH, Hwang JS, Lee IH, Nam ST, Hong J, Zhang P, Lu LF, Lee J, Seok H, Pothoulakis C, Lamont JT, Kim H. The Insect Peptide CopA3 Increases Colonic Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Mucosal Barrier Function to Prevent Inflammatory Responses in the Gut. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3209-23. [PMID: 26655716 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.682856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cells of the gut form a physical barrier against the luminal contents. The collapse of this barrier causes inflammation, and its therapeutic restoration can protect the gut against inflammation. EGF enhances mucosal barrier function and increases colonocyte proliferation, thereby ameliorating inflammatory responses in the gut. Based on our previous finding that the insect peptide CopA3 promotes neuronal growth, we herein tested whether CopA3 could increase the cell proliferation of colonocytes, enhance mucosal barrier function, and ameliorate gut inflammation. Our results revealed that CopA3 significantly increased epithelial cell proliferation in mouse colonic crypts and also enhanced colonic epithelial barrier function. Moreover, CopA3 treatment ameliorated Clostridium difficile toxin As-induced inflammation responses in the mouse small intestine (acute enteritis) and completely blocked inflammatory responses and subsequent lethality in the dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse model of chronic colitis. The marked CopA3-induced increase of colonocyte proliferation was found to require rapid protein degradation of p21(Cip1/Waf1), and an in vitro ubiquitination assay revealed that CopA3 directly facilitated ubiquitin ligase activity against p21(Cip1/Waf1). Taken together, our findings indicate that the insect peptide CopA3 prevents gut inflammation by increasing epithelial cell proliferation and mucosal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hong Kim
- From the Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggido, 487-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sam Hwang
- the Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik Hwan Lee
- From the Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggido, 487-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Taek Nam
- From the Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggido, 487-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hong
- From the Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggido, 487-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Peng Zhang
- From the Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggido, 487-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Li Fang Lu
- From the Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggido, 487-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Junguee Lee
- the Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-ro 64, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-723, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Seok
- the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jungwon University, Goesan, Chungcheongbukdo, 367-700, South Korea
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- the Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, and
| | - John Thomas Lamont
- the Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Ho Kim
- From the Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggido, 487-711, Republic of Korea,
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Převorovský M, Oravcová M, Tvarůžková J, Zach R, Folk P, Půta F, Bähler J. Fission Yeast CSL Transcription Factors: Mapping Their Target Genes and Biological Roles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137820. [PMID: 26366556 PMCID: PMC4569565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cbf11 and Cbf12, the fission yeast CSL transcription factors, have been implicated in the regulation of cell-cycle progression, but no specific roles have been described and their target genes have been only partially mapped. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using a combination of transcriptome profiling under various conditions and genome-wide analysis of CSL-DNA interactions, we identify genes regulated directly and indirectly by CSL proteins in fission yeast. We show that the expression of stress-response genes and genes that are expressed periodically during the cell cycle is deregulated upon genetic manipulation of cbf11 and/or cbf12. Accordingly, the coordination of mitosis and cytokinesis is perturbed in cells with genetically manipulated CSL protein levels, together with other specific defects in cell-cycle progression. Cbf11 activity is nutrient-dependent and Δcbf11-associated defects are mitigated by inactivation of the protein kinase A (Pka1) and stress-activated MAP kinase (Sty1p38) pathways. Furthermore, Cbf11 directly regulates a set of lipid metabolism genes and Δcbf11 cells feature a stark decrease in the number of storage lipid droplets. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide a framework for a more detailed understanding of the role of CSL proteins in the regulation of cell-cycle progression in fission yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Převorovský
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Oravcová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Tvarůžková
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Róbert Zach
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Folk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Půta
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jürg Bähler
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Both acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia are thought to arise from a subpopulation of primitive cells, termed leukemic stem cells that share properties with somatic stem cells. Leukemic stem cells are capable of continued self-renewal, and are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and are considered to be responsible for disease relapse. In recent years, improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of myeloid leukemia biology has led to the development of novel and targeted therapies. This review focuses on clinically relevant patent applications and their relevance within the known literature in two areas of prevailing therapeutic interest, namely monoclonal antibody therapy and small molecule inhibitors in disease-relevant signaling pathways.
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Placing ion channels into a signaling network of T cells: from maturing thymocytes to healthy T lymphocytes or leukemic T lymphoblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:750203. [PMID: 25866806 PMCID: PMC4383400 DOI: 10.1155/2015/750203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T leukemogenesis is a multistep process, where the genetic errors during T cell maturation cause the healthy progenitor to convert into the leukemic precursor that lost its ability to differentiate but possesses high potential for proliferation, self-renewal, and migration. A new misdirecting "leukemogenic" signaling network appears, composed by three types of participants which are encoded by (1) genes implicated in determined stages of T cell development but deregulated by translocations or mutations, (2) genes which normally do not participate in T cell development but are upregulated, and (3) nondifferentially expressed genes which become highly interconnected with genes expressed differentially. It appears that each of three groups may contain genes coding ion channels. In T cells, ion channels are implicated in regulation of cell cycle progression, differentiation, activation, migration, and cell death. In the present review we are going to reveal a relationship between different genetic defects, which drive the T cell neoplasias, with calcium signaling and ion channels. We suggest that changes in regulation of various ion channels in different types of the T leukemias may provide the intracellular ion microenvironment favorable to maintain self-renewal capacity, arrest differentiation, induce proliferation, and enhance motility.
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Li X, He X, Tian W, Wang J. Short hairpin RNA targeting Notch2 inhibits U87 human glioma cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2843-50. [PMID: 25323114 PMCID: PMC4227426 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling has been reported to be oncogenic or tumor suppressive, depending on the tissue context. To investigate the effects of Notch2 knockdown on U87 human glioma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and the associated mechanisms, U87 cells were stably transfected with p green fluorescent protein (GFP)-V-RS Notch2 short hairpin (sh) RNA plasmid and pGFP-V-RS scramble-shRNA plasmid. The former was referred to as the Notch2-shRNA group and the latter as the negative-shRNA group. mRNA and protein expression, cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide analysis and flow cytometry using propidium iodide, respectively. Tumor volume, tumor weight and cumulative survival rate were determined in a nude mouse xenograft tumor model. Notch2 mRNA and protein expression in the Notch2-shRNA group were reduced by 87.6 and 94.5% compared with the negative-shRNA group (P<0.001). Notch2 knockdown significantly inhibited U87 cell proliferation after three days of culture (P<0.05). Notch2 silencing induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase by upregulation of p21 protein expression and downregulation of mini chromosome maintenance complex 2 and cyclin-D1 protein expression. Furthermore, knockdown of Notch2 also induced U87 cell apoptosis. On day 50 after inoculation, tumor weight in the Notch2-shRNA group was significantly lower than that in the negative-shRNA group (0.55±0.10 vs. 1.23±0.52 g; P<0.01). The cumulative survival rate was significantly longer in the Notch2-shRNA group compared with the negative-shRNA group (log rank test P=0.01). In conclusion, Notch2 silencing inhibited U87 glioma cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Thus, Notch2 may be a key therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Neurology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan 056001, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
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Sarmento LM, Póvoa V, Nascimento R, Real G, Antunes I, Martins LR, Moita C, Alves PM, Abecasis M, Moita LF, Parkhouse RME, Meijerink JPP, Barata JT. CHK1 overexpression in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is essential for proliferation and survival by preventing excessive replication stress. Oncogene 2014; 34:2978-90. [PMID: 25132270 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is a key component of the ATR (ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related)-dependent DNA damage response pathway that protect cells from replication stress, a cell intrinsic phenomenon enhanced by oncogenic transformation. Here, we show that CHK1 is overexpressed and hyperactivated in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). CHEK1 mRNA is highly abundant in patients of the proliferative T-ALL subgroup and leukemia cells exhibit constitutively elevated levels of the replication stress marker phospho-RPA32 and the DNA damage marker γH2AX. Importantly, pharmacologic inhibition of CHK1 using PF-004777736 or CHK1 short hairpin RNA-mediated silencing impairs T-ALL cell proliferation and viability. CHK1 inactivation results in the accumulation of cells with incompletely replicated DNA, ensuing DNA damage, ATM/CHK2 activation and subsequent ATM- and caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. In contrast to normal thymocytes, primary T-ALL cells are sensitive to therapeutic doses of PF-004777736, even in the presence of stromal or interleukin-7 survival signals. Moreover, CHK1 inhibition significantly delays in vivo growth of xenotransplanted T-ALL tumors. We conclude that CHK1 is critical for T-ALL proliferation and viability by downmodulating replication stress and preventing ATM/caspase-3-dependent cell death. Pharmacologic inhibition of CHK1 may be a promising therapeutic alternative for T-ALL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Sarmento
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - V Póvoa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R Nascimento
- Infections and Immunity Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - G Real
- 1] iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal [2] Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - I Antunes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L R Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Moita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P M Alves
- 1] iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal [2] Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M Abecasis
- Cardiologia Pediátrica Medico-Cirúrgica, Hospital Sta. Cruz, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L F Moita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R M E Parkhouse
- Infections and Immunity Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - J P P Meijerink
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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microRNA-139-5p exerts tumor suppressor function by targeting NOTCH1 in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:124. [PMID: 24885920 PMCID: PMC4065091 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-139-5p was identified to be significantly down-regulated in colon tumor tissues by miRNA array. We aimed to clarify its biological function, molecular mechanisms and direct target gene in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS The biological function of miR-139-5p was examined by cell growth, cell cycle and apoptosis analysis in vitro and in vivo. miR-139-5p target gene and signaling pathway was identified by luciferase activity assay and western blot. RESULTS miR-139-5p was significantly down-regulated in primary tumor tissues (P < 0.0001). Ectopic expression of miR-139-5p in colon cancer cell lines significantly suppressed cell growth as evidenced by cell viability assay (P < 0.001) and colony formation assay (P < 0.01) and in xenograft tumor growth in nude mice (P < 0.01). miR-139-5p induced apoptosis (P < 0.01), concomitantly with up-regulation of key apoptosis genes including cleaved caspase-8, caspase-3, caspase-7 and PARP. miR-139-5p also caused cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase (P < 0.01), with upregulation of key G0/G1 phase regulators p21Cip1/Waf1 and p27Kip1. Moreover, miR-139-5p inhibited cellular migration (P < 0.001) and invasiveness (P < 0.001) through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)7 and MMP9. Oncogene NOTCH1 was revealed to be a putative target of miR-139-5p, which was inversely correlated with miR-139-5p expression (r = -0.3862, P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS miR-139-5p plays a pivotal role in colon cancer through inhibiting cell proliferation, metastasis, and promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by targeting oncogenic NOTCH1.
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Suresh S, McCallum L, Crawford LJ, Lu WH, Sharpe DJ, Irvine AE. The matricellular protein CCN3 regulates NOTCH1 signalling in chronic myeloid leukaemia. J Pathol 2013; 231:378-87. [PMID: 24308033 PMCID: PMC4314772 DOI: 10.1002/path.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated NOTCH1 has been reported in lymphoid leukaemia, although its role in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is not well established. We previously reported BCR-ABL down-regulation of a novel haematopoietic regulator, CCN3, in CML; CCN3 is a non-canonical NOTCH1 ligand. This study characterizes the NOTCH1–CCN3 signalling axis in CML. In K562 cells, BCR-ABL silencing reduced full-length NOTCH1 (NOTCH1-FL) and inhibited the cleavage of NOTCH1 intracellular domain (NOTCH1-ICD), resulting in decreased expression of the NOTCH1 targets c-MYC and HES1. K562 cells stably overexpressing CCN3 (K562/CCN3) or treated with recombinant CCN3 (rCCN3) showed a significant reduction in NOTCH1 signalling (> 50% reduction in NOTCH1-ICD, p < 0.05). Gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI), which blocks NOTCH1 signalling, reduced K562/CCN3 colony formation but increased that of K562/control cells. GSI combined with either rCCN3 or imatinib reduced K562 colony formation with enhanced reduction of NOTCH1 signalling observed with combination treatments. We demonstrate an oncogenic role for NOTCH1 in CML and suggest that BCR-ABL disruption of NOTCH1–CCN3 signalling contributes to the pathogenesis of CML.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Flow Cytometry
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- K562 Cells/drug effects
- K562 Cells/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein/metabolism
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transfection
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Luo DH, Zhou Q, Hu SK, Xia YQ, Xu CC, Lin TS, Pan YT, Wu JS, Jin R. Differential expression of Notch1 intracellular domain and p21 proteins, and their clinical significance in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2013; 7:471-478. [PMID: 24396472 PMCID: PMC3881918 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the expression of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) and p21 proteins have been shown to be closely associated with the development and progression of a number of cancers. The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels of the two proteins in gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesions, and to determine the clinical significance of this. A total of 109 gastric cancer, 57 precancerous gastric lesion, 50 chronic superficial gastritis and 17 normal gastric mucosa patients were recruited for immunohistochemical staining of NICD and p21 protein expression. The protein expression levels in the gastric cancer patient samples were associated with the clinicopathological and survival data. NICD protein levels were upregulated gradually from normal gastric mucosae through chronic superficial gastritis and precancerous gastric lesions to gastric cancer tissues (P<0.01), whereas p21 protein levels were downregulated accordingly (P<0.01). Increased NICD and a loss of p21 expression were closely associated with tumor dedifferentiation, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, surface morphology and Lauren classification in gastric cancer. Thus, NICD expression was inversely associated with p21 expression. In addition, the overall survival rate was greater in NICD− and P21+ patients than in NICD+ and P21− patients, respectively (P<0.05). The COX regression multivariate analysis revealed that NICD+, p21−, depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis were all independent prognostic factors for patients with gastric cancer. NICD and p21 proteins are differentially expressed in gastric cancer and the aberrant expression of these proteins is associated with an advanced tumor stage, tumor metastasis and overall patient survival. Future studies are required to further evaluate the two proteins as novel prognostic markers for patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Hai Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China ; Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Sun-Kuan Hu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qun Xia
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Chao Xu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Tie-Su Lin
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Pan
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Sheng Wu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China ; Department of Epidemiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Hristova NR, Tagscherer KE, Fassl A, Kopitz J, Roth W. Notch1-dependent regulation of p27 determines cell fate in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1967-75. [PMID: 24141420 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced Notch signaling contributes to uncontrolled cell growth and cell death resistance in cancer. Here, we demonstrate that in colorectal carcinoma cells the Notch1-dependent activation of cell cycle and proliferation is mediated by repression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) p27. The half-life of p27 significantly increased after siRNA‑mediated knockdown of Notch1. Notch1 depletion altered the transcription of SKP2, KPC1 and KPC2, which are E3-ubiquitin ligase subunits targeting p27 for proteasomal degradation in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, respectively. As a consequence, the levels of p27 in both cellular fractions were elevated upon Notch1 knockdown. Importantly, the downregulation of Notch1 significantly sensitized colorectal cancer cells to chemotherapy and ionizing radiation. Our findings support an important role of p27 in Notch1-dependent oncogenic signaling and suggest that Notch1 is a promising target for an experimental therapy of colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevyana R Hristova
- Molecular Tumor Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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43
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Tao J, Chen B, Gao Y, Yang S, Huang J, Jiang X, Wu Y, Peng J, Hong Z, Chen L. Electroacupuncture enhances hippocampal NSCs proliferation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats via activation of notch signaling pathway. Int J Neurosci 2013; 124:204-12. [PMID: 24004240 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.840781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which electroacupuncture (EA) enhances hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injured rats. A total of 72 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham operation control group (SC), the ischemia control group (IC) and the EA group. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to establish the focal cerebral I/R injury model. Proliferation of hippocampal NSCs in cerebral I/R injured rats was determined by the Nestin immunohistochemical staining. Activation of the notch signaling pathway was detected by Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. The serum level of neurotrophic factors, e.g., the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that EA at Quchi (LI11) and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints significantly alleviated neurological deficits, reduced infarct volumes and promoted the proliferation of hippocampal NSCs in cerebral I/R injured rats. The crucial signaling molecules in the notch signaling pathway were activated and the secretion of BDNF and GDNF was increased upon EA. The protein and mRNA levels of Cyclin D1, Cdk4 and p-Rb were increased, while p21 and p27 transcripts were suppressed by notch signaling. These results suggest that the up-regulatory effect of EA on the notch signaling pathway and neurotrophic factor secretion may result in the promotion of NSCs proliferation and consequently a therapeutic effect on cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tao
- 1College of Rehabilitation Medicine
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Takebe N, Nguyen D, Yang SX. Targeting notch signaling pathway in cancer: clinical development advances and challenges. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 141:140-9. [PMID: 24076266 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling plays an important role in development and cell fate determination, and it is deregulated in human hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. This review includes a brief introduction of the relevant pathophysiology of Notch signaling pathway and primarily focuses on the clinical development of promising agents that either obstruct Notch receptor cleavages such as γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) or interfere with the Notch ligand-receptor interaction by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Antitumor activity by GSIs and mAbs administered as single agent in early phases of clinical trials has been observed in advanced or metastatic thyroid cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, intracranial tumors, sarcoma or desmoid tumors, colorectal cancer with neuroendocrine features, melanoma and ovarian cancer. A number of mechanism-based adverse events particularly gastrointestinal toxicities emerged and mitigation strategies are developed after testing multiple GSIs and Notch targeting mAbs. We also discuss pharmacodynamic biomarkers in conjunction with methods of assessment of the molecular target inhibition validation. Biomarkers of efficacy or benefit may be of importance for a successful development of this class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Takebe
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.
| | - Dat Nguyen
- National Clinical Target Validation Laboratory, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Sherry X Yang
- National Clinical Target Validation Laboratory, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.
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45
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Boucher JM, Harrington A, Rostama B, Lindner V, Liaw L. A receptor-specific function for Notch2 in mediating vascular smooth muscle cell growth arrest through cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B. Circ Res 2013; 113:975-85. [PMID: 23965337 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Deregulated vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation contributes to multiple vascular pathologies, and Notch signaling regulates VSMC phenotype. OBJECTIVE Previous work focused on Notch1 and Notch3 in VSMC during vascular disease; however, the role of Notch2 is unknown. Because injured murine carotid arteries display increased Notch2 in VSMC as compared with uninjured arteries, we sought to understand the impact of Notch2 signaling in VSMCs. METHODS AND RESULTS In human primary VSMCs, Jagged-1 (Jag-1) significantly reduced proliferation through specific activation of Notch2. Increased levels of p27(kip1) were observed downstream of Jag-1/Notch2 signaling and were required for cell cycle exit. Jag-1 activation of Notch resulted in increased phosphorylation on serine 10, decreased ubiquitination, and prolonged half-life of p27(kip1). Jag-1/Notch2 signaling robustly decreased S-phase kinase-associated protein, an F-box protein that degrades p27(kip1) during G1. Overexpression of S-phase kinase-associated protein before Notch activation by Jag-1 suppressed the induction of p27(kip1). Additionally, increased Notch2 and p27(kip1) expression was colocalized to the nonproliferative zone of injured arteries as indicated by co-staining with proliferating cell nuclear antigen, whereas Notch3 was expressed throughout normal and injured arteries, suggesting Notch2 may negatively regulate lesion formation. CONCLUSIONS We propose a receptor-specific function for Notch2 in regulating Jag-1-induced p27(kip1) expression and growth arrest in VSMCs. During vascular remodeling, colocalization of Notch2 and p27(kip1) to the nonproliferating region supports a model where Notch2 activation may negatively regulate VSMC proliferation to lessen the severity of the lesion. Thus, Notch2 is a potential target for control of VSMC hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Boucher
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME
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Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved cell signaling pathway involved in cell fate during development, stem cell renewal and differentiation in postnatal tissues. Roles for Notch in carcinogenesis, in the biology of cancer stem cells and tumor angiogenesis have been reported. These features identify Notch as a potential therapeutic target in oncology. Based on the molecular structure of Notch receptor, Notch ligands and Notch activators, a set of Notch pathway inhibitors have been developed. Most of these inhibitors had shown anti-tumor effects in preclinical studies. At the same time, the combinatorial effect of these inhibitors with current chemotherapeutical drugs is still under study in different clinical trials. In this review, we describe the basics of Notch signaling and the role of Notch in normal and cancer stem cells as a logic way to develop different Notch inhibitors and their current stage of progress for cancer patient's treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Espinoza
- University of Mississippi, Cancer Institute, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Lucio Miele
- University of Mississippi, Cancer Institute, Jackson, Mississippi
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Chen X, Zhang T, Shi J, Xu P, Gu Z, Sandham A, Yang L, Ye Q. Notch1 signaling regulates the proliferation and self-renewal of human dental follicle cells by modulating the G1/S phase transition and telomerase activity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69967. [PMID: 23922876 PMCID: PMC3726724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent human dental follicle cells (HDFCs) have been intensively studied in periodontal regeneration research, yet the role of Notch1 in HDFCs has not been fully understood. The aim of the current study is to explore the role of Notch1 signaling in HDFCs self-renewal and proliferation. HDFCs were obtained from the extracted wisdom teeth from adolescent patients. Regulation of Notch1 signaling in the HDFCs was achieved by overexpressing the exogenous intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1) or silencing Notch1 by shRNA. The regulatory effects of Notch1 on HDFC proliferation, cell cycle distribution and the expression of cell cycle regulators were investigated through various molecular technologies, including plasmid construction, retrovirus preparation and infection, qRT-PCR, western blot, RBP-Jk luciferase reporter and cell proliferation assay. Our data clearly show that constitutively activation of Notch1 stimulates the HDFCs proliferation while inhibition of the Notch1 suppresses their proliferation in vitro. In addition, the HDFCs proliferation is associated with the increased expression of cell cycle regulators, e.g. cyclin D1, cyclin D2, cyclin D3, cyclin E1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, and SKP2 and the decreased expression of p27 (kip1). Moreover, our data show that the G1/S phase transition (indicating proliferation) and telomerase activity (indicating self-renewal) can be enhanced by overexpression of ICN1 but halted by inhibition of Notch1. Together, the current study provides evidence for the first time that Notch1 signaling regulates the proliferation and self-renewal capacity of HDFCs through modulation of the G1/S phase transition and the telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepeng Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (XC); (QY)
| | - Tianhou Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiejun Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zexu Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, Qindu Stomatological College, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Andrew Sandham
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Qindu Stomatological College, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail: (XC); (QY)
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Chu Q, Liu L, Wang W. Overexpression of hCLP46 enhances Notch activation and regulates cell proliferation in a cell type-dependent manner. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:254-62. [PMID: 23692084 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human CAP10-like protein 46 kDa (hCLP46), also known as Poglut1, has been shown to be an essential regulator of Notch signalling. hCLP46 is overexpressed in primary acute myelogenous leukaemia, T-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia samples and other leukaemia cell lines. However, effects of hCLP46 overexpression, up to now, have remained unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we established stable 293TRex cell lines inducibly overexpressing hCLP46, and knocked down hCLP6 with a specific small interfering RNA to explore function of the protein in Notch signalling and cell proliferation. RESULTS hCLP46 overexpression enhanced Notch1 activation in 293Trex cells in a ligand-dependent manner, with increased Notch signalling enhancing Hes1 expression. We further verified that overexpression of hCLP46 inhibited proliferation of 293TRexs and was correlated with increases in cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, whereas reduced hCLP46 expression moderately increased cell proliferation. In addition, p21 and p27 protein levels were higher when Notch signalling was activated by EDTA treatment. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, hCLP46 enhanced Notch activation and inhibited 293TRex cell proliferation through CDKI signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Chu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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49
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KIM ARUM, KIM EUNYOUNG, CHO EUNNA, KIM HYUNGJUNG, KIM SEKYU, CHANG JOON, AHN CHULMIN, CHANG YOONSOO. Notch1 destabilizes the adherens junction complex through upregulation of the Snail family of E-cadherin repressors in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1423-9. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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50
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Trancoso I, Bonnet M, Gardner R, Carneiro J, Barreto VM, Demengeot J, Sarmento LM. A Novel Quantitative Fluorescent Reporter Assay for RAG Targets and RAG Activity. Front Immunol 2013; 4:110. [PMID: 23720659 PMCID: PMC3655321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombination-Activating Genes (RAG) 1 and 2 form the site specific recombinase that mediates V(D)J recombination, a process of DNA editing required for lymphocyte development and responsible for their diverse repertoire of antigen receptors. Mistargeted RAG activity associates with genome alteration and is responsible for various lymphoid tumors. Moreover several non-lymphoid tumors express RAG ectopically. A practical and powerful tool to perform quantitative assessment of RAG activity and to score putative RAG-Recognition signal sequences (RSS) is required in the fields of immunology, oncology, gene therapy, and development. Here we report the detailed characterization of a novel fluorescence-based reporter of RAG activity, named GFPi, a tool that allows measuring recombination efficiency (RE) by simple flow cytometry analysis. GFPi can be produced both as a plasmid for transient transfection experiments in cell lines or as a retrovirus for stable integration in the genome, thus supporting ex vivo and in vivo studies. The GFPi assay faithfully quantified endogenous and ectopic RAG activity as tested in genetically modified fibroblasts, tumor derived cell lines, developing pre-B cells, and hematopoietic cells. The GFPi assay also successfully ranked the RE of various RSS pairs, including bona fide RSS associated with V(D)J segments, artificial consensus sequences modified or not at specific nucleotides known to affect their efficiencies, or cryptic RSS involved in RAG-dependent activation of oncogenes. Our work validates the GFPi reporter as a practical quantitative tool for the study of RAG activity and RSS efficiencies. It should turn useful for the study of RAG-mediated V(D)J and aberrant rearrangements, lineage commitment, and vertebrate evolution.
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