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Maltseva A, Kalinchuk A, Chernorubashkina N, Sisakyan V, Lots I, Gofman A, Anzhiganova Y, Martynova E, Zukov R, Aleksandrova E, Kolomiets L, Tashireva L. Predicting Response to Immunotargeted Therapy in Endometrial Cancer via Tumor Immune Microenvironment: A Multicenter, Observational Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3933. [PMID: 38612743 PMCID: PMC11011874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Only one-third of patients with advanced MSS/pMMR endometrial cancer exhibit a lasting response to the combination treatment of Pembrolizumab and Lenvatinib. The combined administration of these two drugs is based on Lenvatinib's ability to modulate the tumor microenvironment, enabling Pembrolizumab to exert its effect. These findings underscore the importance of exploring tumor microenvironment parameters to identify markers that can accurately select candidates for this type of therapy. An open non-randomized observational association study was conducted at six clinical centers, involving a total of 28 patients with advanced MSS/pMMR endometrial cancer who received Pembrolizumab and Lenvatinib therapy. Using TSA-associated multiplex immunofluorescence, we analyzed the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD20+ B lymphocytes, FoxP3+ T regulatory lymphocytes, and CD163+ macrophages in tumor samples prior to immunotargeted therapy. The percentage of CD20+ B lymphocytes and the CD8-to-CD20 lymphocytes ratio was significantly higher in patients who responded to treatment compared to non-responders (responders vs. non-responders: 0.24 (0.1-1.24)% vs. 0.08 (0.00-0.15)%, p = 0.0114; 1.44 (0.58-2.70) arb. unit vs. 19.00 (3.80-34.78) arb. unit, p = 0.0031). The sensitivity and specificity of these biomarkers were 85.71% and 70.59%, and 85.71% and 85.71%, respectively. The proportion of CD20+ B lymphocytes and the CD8-to-CD20 lymphocytes ratio in the stroma of endometrial cancer serves as both a prognostic marker of response to immunotargeted therapy and a prognostic factor for progression-free survival in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Maltseva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.M.); (A.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Anna Kalinchuk
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.M.); (A.K.); (L.K.)
| | | | - Virab Sisakyan
- Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Oncology Center, 2 Plakhotnogo St., Novosibirsk 630108, Russia; (V.S.); (I.L.)
| | - Igor Lots
- Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Oncology Center, 2 Plakhotnogo St., Novosibirsk 630108, Russia; (V.S.); (I.L.)
| | - Alina Gofman
- Altai Regional Oncological Dispensary, 110 Zmeinogorsky tr., Barnaul 656000, Russia;
| | - Yulia Anzhiganova
- Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary Named after A. I. Kryzhanovsky, 16 1-ya Smolenskaya St., Krasnoyarsk 660133, Russia; (Y.A.); (R.Z.)
| | - Elizaveta Martynova
- Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary Named after A. I. Kryzhanovsky, 16 1-ya Smolenskaya St., Krasnoyarsk 660133, Russia; (Y.A.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ruslan Zukov
- Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary Named after A. I. Kryzhanovsky, 16 1-ya Smolenskaya St., Krasnoyarsk 660133, Russia; (Y.A.); (R.Z.)
| | - Elena Aleksandrova
- Yakut Republican Oncology Center, Build. 1, 81 Stadukhina St., Yakutsk 677005, Russia
| | - Larisa Kolomiets
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.M.); (A.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Liubov Tashireva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634050, Russia; (A.M.); (A.K.); (L.K.)
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Welsh N, Disano K, Linzey M, Pike SC, Smith AD, Pachner AR, Gilli F. CXCL10/IgG1 Axis in Multiple Sclerosis as a Potential Predictive Biomarker of Disease Activity. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2024; 11:e200200. [PMID: 38346270 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous disease, and its course is difficult to predict. Prediction models can be established by measuring intrathecally synthesized proteins involved in inflammation, glial activation, and CNS injury. METHODS To determine how these intrathecal proteins relate to the short-term, i.e., 12 months, disease activity in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), we measured the intrathecal synthesis of 46 inflammatory mediators and 14 CNS injury or glial activation markers in matched serum and CSF samples from 47 patients with MS (pwMS), i.e., 23 RRMS and 24 clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), undergoing diagnostic lumbar puncture. Subsequently, all pwMS were followed for ≥12 months in a retrospective follow-up study and ultimately classified into "active", i.e., developing clinical and/or radiologic disease activity, n = 18) or "nonactive", i.e., not having disease activity, n = 29. Disease activity in patients with CIS corresponded to conversion to RRMS. Thus, patients with CIS were subclassified as "converters" or "nonconverters" based on their conversion status at the end of a 12-month follow-up. Twenty-seven patients with noninflammatory neurologic diseases were included as negative controls. Data were subjected to differential expression analysis and modeling techniques to define the connectivity arrangement (network) between neuroinflammation and CNS injury relevant to short-term disease activity in RRMS. RESULTS Lower age and/or higher CXCL13 levels positively distinguished active/converting vs nonactive/nonconverting patients. Network analysis significantly improved the prediction of short-term disease activity because active/converting patients featured a stronger positive connection between IgG1 and CXCL10. Accordingly, analysis of disease activity-free survival demonstrated that pwMS, both RRMS and CIS, with a lower or negative IgG1-CXCL10 correlation, have a higher probability of activity-free survival than the patients with a significant correlation (p < 0.0001, HR ≥ 2.87). DISCUSSION Findings indicate that a significant IgG1-CXCL10 positive correlation predicts the risk of short-term disease activity in patients with RRMS and CIS. Thus, the present results can be used to develop a predictive model for MS activity and conversion to RRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Welsh
- From the Integrative Neuroscience (N.W., M.L., S.C.P.), Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH; Neurology (N.W., K.D., S.C.P., A.D.S., A.R.P., F.G.), Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Veteran Affairs Medical Center (K.D.), White River Junction, VT
| | - Krista Disano
- From the Integrative Neuroscience (N.W., M.L., S.C.P.), Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH; Neurology (N.W., K.D., S.C.P., A.D.S., A.R.P., F.G.), Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Veteran Affairs Medical Center (K.D.), White River Junction, VT
| | - Michael Linzey
- From the Integrative Neuroscience (N.W., M.L., S.C.P.), Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH; Neurology (N.W., K.D., S.C.P., A.D.S., A.R.P., F.G.), Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Veteran Affairs Medical Center (K.D.), White River Junction, VT
| | - Steven C Pike
- From the Integrative Neuroscience (N.W., M.L., S.C.P.), Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH; Neurology (N.W., K.D., S.C.P., A.D.S., A.R.P., F.G.), Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Veteran Affairs Medical Center (K.D.), White River Junction, VT
| | - Andrew D Smith
- From the Integrative Neuroscience (N.W., M.L., S.C.P.), Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH; Neurology (N.W., K.D., S.C.P., A.D.S., A.R.P., F.G.), Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Veteran Affairs Medical Center (K.D.), White River Junction, VT
| | - Andrew R Pachner
- From the Integrative Neuroscience (N.W., M.L., S.C.P.), Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH; Neurology (N.W., K.D., S.C.P., A.D.S., A.R.P., F.G.), Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Veteran Affairs Medical Center (K.D.), White River Junction, VT
| | - Francesca Gilli
- From the Integrative Neuroscience (N.W., M.L., S.C.P.), Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH; Neurology (N.W., K.D., S.C.P., A.D.S., A.R.P., F.G.), Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Veteran Affairs Medical Center (K.D.), White River Junction, VT
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Hu Y, Rong J, Xu Y, Xie R, Peng J, Gao L, Tan K. Unsupervised and supervised discovery of tissue cellular neighborhoods from cell phenotypes. Nat Methods 2024; 21:267-278. [PMID: 38191930 PMCID: PMC10864185 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
It is poorly understood how different cells in a tissue organize themselves to support tissue functions. We describe the CytoCommunity algorithm for the identification of tissue cellular neighborhoods (TCNs) based on cell phenotypes and their spatial distributions. CytoCommunity learns a mapping directly from the cell phenotype space to the TCN space using a graph neural network model without intermediate clustering of cell embeddings. By leveraging graph pooling, CytoCommunity enables de novo identification of condition-specific and predictive TCNs under the supervision of sample labels. Using several types of spatial omics data, we demonstrate that CytoCommunity can identify TCNs of variable sizes with substantial improvement over existing methods. By analyzing risk-stratified colorectal and breast cancer data, CytoCommunity revealed new granulocyte-enriched and cancer-associated fibroblast-enriched TCNs specific to high-risk tumors and altered interactions between neoplastic and immune or stromal cells within and between TCNs. CytoCommunity can perform unsupervised and supervised analyses of spatial omics maps and enable the discovery of condition-specific cell-cell communication patterns across spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Hu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jiazhen Rong
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yafei Xu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Runzhi Xie
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jacqueline Peng
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Gao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Tan
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Rosati M, Terpos E, Homan P, Bergamaschi C, Karaliota S, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Devasundaram S, Bear J, Burns R, Bagratuni T, Trougakos IP, Dimopoulos MA, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK. Rapid transient and longer-lasting innate cytokine changes associated with adaptive immunity after repeated SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinations. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292568. [PMID: 38090597 PMCID: PMC10711274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cytokines and chemokines play an important role in shaping innate and adaptive immunity in response to infection and vaccination. Systems serology identified immunological parameters predictive of beneficial response to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in COVID-19 infection-naïve volunteers, COVID-19 convalescent patients and transplant patients with hematological malignancies. Here, we examined the dynamics of the serum cytokine/chemokine responses after the 3rd BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in a cohort of COVID-19 infection-naïve volunteers. Methods We measured serum cytokine and chemokine responses after the 3rd dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer/BioNtech) vaccine in COVID-19 infection-naïve individuals by a chemiluminescent assay and ELISA. Anti-Spike binding antibodies were measured by ELISA. Anti-Spike neutralizing antibodies were measured by a pseudotype assay. Results Comparison to responses found after the 1st and 2nd vaccinations showed persistence of the coordinated responses of several cytokine/chemokines including the previously identified rapid and transient IL-15, IFN-γ, CXCL10/IP-10, TNF-α, IL-6 signature. In contrast to the transient (24hrs) effect of the IL-15 signature, an inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine signature (CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β, CXCL8/IL-8, IL-1Ra) remained at higher levels up to one month after the 2nd and 3rd booster vaccinations, indicative of a state of longer-lasting innate immune change. We also identified a systemic transient increase of CXCL13 only after the 3rd vaccination, supporting stronger germinal center activity and the higher anti-Spike antibody responses. Changes of the IL-15 signature, and the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine profile correlated with neutralizing antibody levels also after the 3rd vaccination supporting their role as immune biomarkers for effective development of vaccine-induced humoral responses. Conclusion These data revealed that repeated SARS-Cov-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination induces both rapid transient as well as longer-lasting systemic serum cytokine changes associated with innate and adaptive immune responses. Clinical trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04743388.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Philip Homan
- Center for Cancer Research Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Cristina Bergamaschi
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Sevasti Karaliota
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Santhi Devasundaram
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jenifer Bear
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Robert Burns
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Tina Bagratuni
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George N. Pavlakis
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Barbara K. Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, United States
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Sawada K, Chung H, Softic S, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Divanovic S. The bidirectional immune crosstalk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1852-1871. [PMID: 37939656 PMCID: PMC10680147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an unabated risk factor for end-stage liver diseases with no available therapies. Dysregulated immune responses are critical culprits of MASLD pathogenesis. Independent contributions from either the innate or adaptive arms of the immune system or their unidirectional interplay are commonly studied in MASLD. However, the bidirectional communication between innate and adaptive immune systems and its impact on MASLD remain insufficiently understood. Given that both innate and adaptive immune cells are indispensable for the development and progression of inflammation in MASLD, elucidating pathogenic contributions stemming from the bidirectional interplay between these two arms holds potential for development of novel therapeutics for MASLD. Here, we review the immune cell types and bidirectional pathways that influence the pathogenesis of MASLD and highlight potential pharmacologic approaches to combat MASLD based on current knowledge of this bidirectional crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sawada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Hak Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Maria E Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Kared H, Alirezaylavasani A, Lund KP, Chopra A, Tietze L, de Matos Kasahara T, Goll GL, Grødeland G, Kaarbø M, Reisæter AV, Hovd M, Heldal K, Vaage JT, Lund-Johansen F, Midtvedt K, Åsberg A, Munthe LA. Hybrid and SARS-CoV-2-vaccine immunity in kidney transplant recipients. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104833. [PMID: 37844534 PMCID: PMC10585642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are at high risk for severe COVID-19 and have demonstrated poor response to vaccination, making it unclear whether successive vaccinations offer immunity and protection. METHODS We conducted a serologically guided interventional study where KTR patients that failed to seroconvert were revaccinated and also monitored seroconversion of KTR following the Norwegian vaccination program. We analysed IgG anti-RBD Spike responses from dose 2 (n = 432) up to after the 6th (n = 37) mRNA vaccine dose. The frequency and phenotype of Spike-specific T and B cell responses were assessed in the interventional cohort after 3-4 vaccine doses (n = 30). Additionally, we evaluated the Specific T and B cell response to breakthrough infection (n = 32), measured inflammatory cytokines and broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies, and defined the incidence of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths. The Norwegian KTR cohort has a male dominance (2323 males, 1297 females), PBMC were collected from 114 male and 78 female donors. FINDINGS After vaccine dose 3, most KTR developed Spike-specific T cell responses but had significantly reduced Spike-binding B cells and few memory cells. The B cell response included a cross-reactive subset that could bind Omicron VOC, which expanded after breakthrough infection (BTI) and gave rise to a memory IgG+ B cell response. After BTI, KTR had increased Spike-specific T cells, emergent non-Spike T and B cell responses, and a systemic inflammatory signature. Late seroconversion occurred after doses 5-6, but 38% (14/37) of KTR had no detectable immunity even after multiple vaccine doses. INTERPRETATION Boosting vaccination can induce Spike-specific immunity that may expand in breakthrough infections highlighting the benefit of vaccination to protect this vulnerable population. FUNDING CEPI and internal funds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassen Kared
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Amin Alirezaylavasani
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Persgård Lund
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adity Chopra
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Tietze
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Guro Løvik Goll
- Division of Rheumatology and Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Kaarbø
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Varberg Reisæter
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus Hovd
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Heldal
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Torgils Vaage
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karsten Midtvedt
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Åsberg
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Renal Registry, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Gunnarsdottir FB, Briem O, Lindgren AY, Källberg E, Andersen C, Grenthe R, Rosenqvist C, Millrud CR, Wallgren M, Viklund H, Bexell D, Johansson ME, Hedenfalk I, Hagerling C, Leandersson K. Breast cancer associated CD169 + macrophages possess broad immunosuppressive functions but enhance antibody secretion by activated B cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180209. [PMID: 37404831 PMCID: PMC10315498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD169+ resident macrophages in lymph nodes of breast cancer patients are for unknown reasons associated with a beneficial prognosis. This contrasts CD169+ macrophages present in primary breast tumors (CD169+ TAMs), that correlate with a worse prognosis. We recently showed that these CD169+ TAMs were associated with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) and Tregs in breast cancer. Here, we show that CD169+ TAMs can be monocyte-derived and express a unique mediator profile characterized by type I IFNs, CXCL10, PGE2 and inhibitory co-receptor expression pattern. The CD169+ monocyte-derived macrophages (CD169+ Mo-M) possessed an immunosuppressive function in vitro inhibiting NK, T and B cell proliferation, but enhanced antibody and IL6 secretion in activated B cells. Our findings indicate that CD169+ Mo-M in the primary breast tumor microenvironment are linked to both immunosuppression and TLS functions, with implications for future targeted Mo-M therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Björk Gunnarsdottir
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Oscar Briem
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Aida Yifter Lindgren
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Källberg
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cajsa Andersen
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Robert Grenthe
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cassandra Rosenqvist
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Camilla Rydberg Millrud
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mika Wallgren
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hannah Viklund
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Translational Cancer Research, TCR, Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin E. Johansson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catharina Hagerling
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Holistic View on the Structure of Immune Response: Petri Net Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020452. [PMID: 36830988 PMCID: PMC9953182 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The simulation of immune response is a challenging task because quantitative data are scarce. Quantitative theoretical models either focus on specific cell-cell interactions or have to make assumptions about parameters. The broad variation of, e.g., the dimensions and abundance between lymph nodes as well as between individual patients hampers conclusive quantitative modeling. No theoretical model has been established representing a consensus on the set of major cellular processes involved in the immune response. In this paper, we apply the Petri net formalism to construct a semi-quantitative mathematical model of the lymph nodes. The model covers the major cellular processes of immune response and fulfills the formal requirements of Petri net models. The intention is to develop a model taking into account the viewpoints of experienced pathologists and computer scientists in the field of systems biology. In order to verify formal requirements, we discuss invariant properties and apply the asynchronous firing rule of a place/transition net. Twenty-five transition invariants cover the model, and each is assigned to a functional mode of the immune response. In simulations, the Petri net model describes the dynamic modes of the immune response, its adaption to antigens, and its loss of memory.
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Matusiak M, Hickey JW, Luca B, Lu G, Kidziński L, Zhu S, Colburg DRC, Phillips DJ, Brubaker SW, Charville GW, Shen J, Nolan GP, Newman AM, West RB, van de Rijn M. A spatial map of human macrophage niches reveals context-dependent macrophage functions in colon and breast cancer. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2393443. [PMID: 36711732 PMCID: PMC9882614 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2393443/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) display heterogeneous phenotypes. Yet the exact tissue cues that shape macrophage functional diversity are incompletely understood. Here we discriminate, spatially resolve and reveal the function of five distinct macrophage niches within malignant and benign breast and colon tissue. We found that SPP1 TAMs reside in hypoxic and necrotic tumor regions, and a novel subset of FOLR2 tissue resident macrophages (TRMs) supports the plasma cell tissue niche. We discover that IL4I1 macrophages populate niches with high cell turnover where they phagocytose dying cells. Significantly, IL4I1 TAMs abundance correlates with anti-PD1 treatment response in breast cancer. Furthermore, NLRP3 inflammasome activation in NLRP3 TAMs correlates with neutrophil infiltration in the tumors and is associated with poor outcome in breast cancer patients. This suggests the NLRP3 inflammasome as a novel cancer immunetherapy target. Our work uncovers context-dependent roles of macrophage subsets, and suggests novel predictive markers and macrophage subset-specific therapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John W. Hickey
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Bogdan Luca
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Guolan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lukasz Kidziński
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shirley Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Darci J. Phillips
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sky W. Brubaker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jeanne Shen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Garry P. Nolan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Aaron M. Newman
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Robert B. West
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Matt van de Rijn
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Diagnostic test accuracy of novel biomarkers for lupus nephritis-An overview of systematic reviews. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275016. [PMID: 36215243 PMCID: PMC9550089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with multiorgan inflammatory involvement and a mortality rate that is 2.6-fold higher than individuals of the same age and sex in the general population. Approximately 50% of patients with SLE develop renal impairment (lupus nephritis). Delayed diagnosis of lupus nephritis is associated with a higher risk of progression to end-stage renal disease, the need for replacement therapy, and mortality. The initial clinical manifestations of lupus nephritis are often discrete or absent and are usually detected through complementary tests. Although widely used in clinical practice, their accuracy is limited. A great scientific effort has been exerted towards searching for new, more sensitive, and specific biomarkers in recent years. Some systematic reviews have individually evaluated new serum and urinary biomarkers tested in patients with lupus nephritis. This overview aimed to summarize systematic reviews on the accuracy of novel serum and urinary biomarkers for diagnosing lupus nephritis in patients with SLE, discussing how our results can guide the clinical management of the disease and the direction of research in this area. METHODS The research question is "What is the accuracy of the new serum and urinary biomarkers studied for the diagnosis of LN in patients with SLE?". We searched for systematic reviews of observational studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of new serum or urinary biomarkers of lupus nephritis. The following databases were included: PubMed, EMBASE, BIREME/LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane, including gray literature found via Google Scholar and PROQUEST. Two authors assessed the reviews for inclusion, data extraction, and assessment of the risk of bias (ROBIS tool). RESULTS Ten SRs on the diagnostic accuracy of new serum and urinary BMs in LN were selected. The SRs evaluated 7 distinct BMs: (a) antibodies (anti-Sm, anti-RNP, and anti-C1q), (b) cytokines (TWEAK and MCP-1), (c) a chemokine (IP-10), and (d) an acute phase glycoprotein (NGAL), in a total of 20 review arms (9 that analyzed serum BMs, and 12 that analyzed BMs in urine). The population evaluated in the primary studies was predominantly adults. Two SRs included strictly adults, 5 reviews also included studies in the paediatric population, and 4 did not report the age groups. The results of the evaluation with the ROBIS tool showed that most of the reviews had a low overall risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS There are 10 SRs of evidence relating to the diagnostic accuracy of serum and urinary biomarkers for lupus nephritis. Among the BMs evaluated, anti-C1q, urinary MCP-1, TWEAK, and NGAL stood out, highlighting the need for additional research, especially on LN diagnostic panels, and attempting to address methodological issues within diagnostic accuracy research. This would allow for a better understanding of their usefulness and possibly validate their clinical use in the future. REGISTRATION This project is registered on the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42020196693).
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11
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Erlandsson MC, Erdogan S, Wasén C, Andersson KME, Silfverswärd ST, Pullerits R, Bemark M, Bokarewa MI. IGF1R signalling is a guardian of self-tolerance restricting autoantibody production. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958206. [PMID: 36105797 PMCID: PMC9464816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) acts at the crossroad between immunity and cancer, being an attractive therapeutic target in these areas. IGF1R is broadly expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APC). Using mice immunised with the methylated albumin from bovine serum (BSA-immunised mice) and human CD14+ APCs, we investigated the role that IGF1R plays during adaptive immune responses. Methods The mBSA-immunised mice were treated with synthetic inhibitor NT157 or short hairpin RNA to inhibit IGF1R signalling, and spleens were analysed by immunohistology and flow cytometry. The levels of autoantibody and cytokine production were measured by microarray or conventional ELISA. The transcriptional profile of CD14+ cells from blood of 55 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was analysed with RNA-sequencing. Results Inhibition of IGF1R resulted in perifollicular infiltration of functionally compromised S256-phosphorylated FoxO1+ APCs, and an increased frequency of IgM+CD21+ B cells, which enlarged the marginal zone (MZ). Enlargement of MHCII+CD11b+ APCs ensured favourable conditions for their communication with IgM+ B cells in the MZ. The reduced expression of ICOSL and CXCR5 by APCs after IGF1R inhibition led to impaired T cell control, which resulted in autoreactivity of extra-follicular B cells and autoantibody production. In the clinical setting, the low expression of IGF1R on CD14+ APCs was associated with an involuted FOXO pathway, non-inflammatory cell metabolism and a high IL10 production characteristic for tolerogenic macrophages. Furthermore, autoantibody positivity was associated with low IGF1R signalling in CD14+ APCs. Conclusions In experimental model and in patient material, this study demonstrates that IGF1R plays an important role in preventing autoimmunity. The study raises awareness of that immune tolerance may be broken during therapeutic IGF1R targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin C. Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Seval Erdogan
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Wasén
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin M. E. Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia T. Silfverswärd
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rille Pullerits
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria I. Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Maria I. Bokarewa,
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Huang ZX, Qu P, Wang KK, Zheng J, Pan M, Zhu HQ. Transcriptomic profiling of pemphigus lesion infiltrating mononuclear cells reveals a distinct local immune microenvironment and novel lncRNA regulators. J Transl Med 2022; 20:182. [PMID: 35449056 PMCID: PMC9027862 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus is an autoimmune skin disease. Ectopic lymphoid-like structures (ELSs) were found to be commonly present in the pemphigus lesions, presumably supporting in situ desmoglein (Dsg)-specific antibody production. Yet functional phenotypes and the regulators of Lymphoid aggregates in pemphigus lesions remain largely unknown. Herein, we used microarray technology to profile the gene expression in skin lesion infiltrating mononuclear cells (SIMC) from pemphigus patients. On top of that, we compared SIMC dataset to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) dataset to characterize the unique role of SIMC. Functional enrichment results showed that mononuclear cells in skin lesions and peripheral blood both had over-represented IL-17 signaling pathways while neither was characterized by an activation of type I Interferon signaling pathways. Cell-type identification with relative subsets of known RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) results showed that naïve natural killer cells (NK cells) were significantly more abundant in pemphigus lesions, and their relative abundance positively correlated with B cells abundance. Meanwhile, plasma cells population highly correlated with type 1 macrophages (M1) abundance. In addition, we also identified a lncRNA LINC01588 which might epigenetically regulate T helper 17 cells (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Treg) balance via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. Here, we provide the first transcriptomic characterization of lesion infiltrating immune cells which illustrates a distinct interplay network between adaptive and innate immune cells. It helps discover new regulators of local immune response, which potentially will provide a novel path forward to further uncover pemphigus pathological mechanisms and develop targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Peng Qu
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Kan-Kan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hai-Qin Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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13
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Osman HM, Omar GM, Elameen NF, Abdel-Nasser AM. CCL21 and IP10 as serum biomarkers for pulmonary involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2022; 31:706-715. [PMID: 35380893 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221093493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the significance of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of SLE is well established, the findings showed diversity and implied that combining different biomarkers could be useful in monitoring disease activity or organ involvement. Despite the potentially high prevalence of lung involvement in SLE, only a few studies have investigated for lung biomarkers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the value of Chemokine Ligand 21 (CCL 21) and Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10) as serum biomarkers for pulmonary involvement in SLE and their correlation with disease activity, organ involvement, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and chest CT findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty SLE patients and 30 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled into this study. All patients underwent serological tests, PFTs, and chest CT examination. The serum levels of CCL21 and IP10 were analyzed, and their correlations with PFTs and CT were explored. RESULTS SLE patients with pulmonary involvement had higher serum CCL21 and IP10 levels compared to those without pulmonary involvement which in turn had higher levels than the controls. There were strong negative correlations between CCL21 and IP10 and FEV1, FVC, and DLCO. There were also strong correlations between both biomarkers and HRCT and pulmonary damage, but no correlation with other disease manifestations. Serum level of 2095 pg/mL for CCL21 and 7185 pg/mL for IP10 could detect pulmonary involvement in SLE with a sensitivity of 83.7% and a specificity of 94.1%. Both biomarkers performed equally well in detecting SLE pulmonary involvement with a strong agreement between them (κ = 0.86, p < .001), but CCL21 was better correlated with PFT abnormalities. CONCLUSION Both CCL21 and IP10 are serum biomarkers to detect pulmonary involvement in SLE with high sensitivity and specificity. CCL21 correlates better with PFT abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidy M Osman
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 68877Minia University, El Minia, Egypt
| | - Gihan M Omar
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 68877Minia University, El Minia, Egypt
| | - Nadia F Elameen
- Department of Radiology, 68877Minia University, El Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Nasser
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 68877Minia University, El Minia, Egypt
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Modulation of Inflammatory Signaling Molecules in Bordetella pertussis Antigen-Challenged Human Monocytes in Presence of Adrenergic Agonists. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020321. [PMID: 35214778 PMCID: PMC8879854 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BscF is a type III secretion system (T3SS) needle protein from Bordetella pertussis and has previously been shown to induce a sufficient Th1 and Th17 response in human monocytes and mice as a prerequisite for long-lasting protective immunity against pertussis infection. In our current study, we aim to compare the modulation of inflammatory signaling molecules as a direct measure of the immune response to the B. pertussis antigens BscF and Tdap in the presence or absence of the adrenergic receptor agonists phenylephrine (PE) or isoproterenol (ISO) to observe differences that may contribute to the diminished protective immunity of the current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, Tdap. Stimulation of human monocyte THP-1 cells with LPS, BscF, and Tdap induced a robust elevation of CCL20, CXCL10, PGE2, and PGF2α among most chemokine and prostanoid members when compared with the control treatment. Treatment with the adrenergic agonist PE or ISO significantly enhanced the BscF- and Tdap-stimulated modulation of CCL20 and CXCL10 but not PGE2 and PGF2α, suggesting that adrenergic modulation of pertussis antigen responses might be a new therapeutic strategy to improve the longevity of pertussis immunity. Stimulation of THP-1 cells with BscF alone initiated significant expression of CXCL10 and PGF2α but not when Tdap was used, suggesting that BscF might be an important pertussis antigen for next-generation pertussis vaccines or when combined with the current aP vaccine. Our data offer opportunities for designing new therapeutic approaches against pertussis infection.
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Systemic IL-15, IFN-γ, and IP-10/CXCL10 signature associated with effective immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine recipients. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109504. [PMID: 34352226 PMCID: PMC8299183 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early responses to vaccination are important for shaping both humoral and cellular protective immunity. Dissecting innate vaccine signatures may predict immunogenicity to help optimize the efficacy of mRNA and other vaccine strategies. Here, we characterize the cytokine and chemokine responses to the 1st and 2nd dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer/BioNtech) vaccine in antigen-naive and in previously coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-infected individuals (NCT04743388). Transient increases in interleukin-15 (IL-15) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels early after boost correlate with Spike antibody levels, supporting their use as biomarkers of effective humoral immunity development in response to vaccination. We identify a systemic signature including increases in IL-15, IFN-γ, and IP-10/CXCL10 after the 1st vaccination, which were enriched by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 after the 2nd vaccination. In previously COVID-19-infected individuals, a single vaccination results in both strong cytokine induction and antibody titers similar to the ones observed upon booster vaccination in antigen-naive individuals, a result with potential implication for future public health recommendations.
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Pradeep SP, Hoovina Venkatesh P, Manchala NR, Vayal Veedu A, Basavaraju RK, Selvasundari L, Ramakrishna M, Chandrakiran Y, Krishnamurthy V, Holigi S, Thomas T, Ross CR, Dias M, Satchidanandam V. Innate Immune Cytokine Profiling and Biomarker Identification for Outcome in Dengue Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:677874. [PMID: 34335578 PMCID: PMC8318829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.677874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early biomarkers of progression to severe dengue are urgently required to enable effective patient management and control treatment costs. Innate immune cells, which comprise the earliest responders to infection and along with the cytokines and chemokines they secrete, play a vital role in orchestrating the subsequent adaptive immune response and have been implicated in the enhancement of infection and “cytokine storm” associated with dengue severity. We investigated the early innate immune cytokine profile of dengue patients during acute phase of disease in a prospective blinded study that included subjects with acute dengue and febrile controls from four major hospitals in Bengaluru, India along with healthy controls. We used intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry to identify innate immune biomarkers that can predict progression to severe dengue. Results Dengue infection resulted in enhanced secretion of multiple cytokines by all queried innate immune cell subsets, dominated by TNF-α from CD56+CD3+ NKT cells, monocyte subsets, and granulocytes along with IFN-γ from CD56+CD3+ NKT cells. Of note, significantly higher proportions of TNF-α secreting granulocytes and monocyte subsets at admission were associated with mild dengue and minimal symptoms. Dengue NS1 antigenemia used as a surrogate of viral load directly correlated with proportion of cytokine-secreting innate immune cells and was significantly higher in those who went on to recover with minimal symptoms. In patients with secondary dengue or those with bleeding or elevated liver enzymes who revealed predisposition to severe outcomes, early activation as well as efficient downregulation of innate responses were compromised. Conclusion Our findings suggested that faulty/delayed kinetics of innate immune activation and downregulation was a driver of disease severity. We identified IFN-γ+CD56+CD3+ NKT cells and IL-6+ granulocytes at admission as novel early biomarkers that can predict the risk of progression to severity (composite AUC = 0.85–0.9). Strong correlations among multiple cytokine-secreting innate cell subsets revealed that coordinated early activation of the entire innate immune system in response to dengue virus infection contributed to resolution of infection and speedy recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Pallavi Pradeep
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Nageswar R Manchala
- Division of Infectious Diseases Unit, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arjun Vayal Veedu
- Division of Infectious Diseases Unit, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajani K Basavaraju
- Department of Medicine, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Manikanta Ramakrishna
- Department of Medicine, Bengaluru Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Yogitha Chandrakiran
- Department of Medicine, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Shivaranjani Holigi
- Department of Medicine, Bengaluru Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Tinku Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Cecil R Ross
- Department of Medicine, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mary Dias
- Department of Microbiology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vijaya Satchidanandam
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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Simon Q, Grasseau A, Boudigou M, Le Pottier L, Bettachioli E, Cornec D, Rouvière B, Jamin C, Le Lann L, Borghi MO, Aguilar-Quesada R, Renaudineau Y, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Pers JO, Hillion S. A Proinflammatory Cytokine Network Profile in Th1/Type 1 Effector B Cells Delineates a Common Group of Patients in Four Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:1550-1561. [PMID: 33605069 DOI: 10.1002/art.41697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effector T cell and B cell cytokine networks have been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases, but the association of these cytokine networks with the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and immune profiles has not been carefully examined. This study was undertaken to examine whether cytokine profiles can delineate distinct groups of patients in 4 systemic autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic sclerosis). METHODS A total of 179 patients and 48 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the multicenter cross-sectional PRECISE Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (PRECISESADS) study. Multi-low-dimensional omics data (cytokines, autoantibodies, circulating immune cells) were examined. Coculture experiments were performed to test the impact of the cytokine microenvironment on T cell/B cell cross-talk. RESULTS A proinflammatory cytokine profile defined by high levels of CXCL10, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor characterized a distinct group of patients in the 4 systemic autoimmune diseases. In each disease, this proinflammatory cluster was associated with a specific circulating immune cell signature, more severe disease, and higher levels of autoantibodies, suggesting an uncontrolled proinflammatory Th1 immune response. We observed in vitro that B cells reinforce Th1 differentiation and naive T cell proliferation, leading to the induction of type 1 effector B cells and IgG production. This process was associated with an increase in CXCL10, IL-6, IL-2, and interferon-γ production. CONCLUSION This composite analysis brings new insights into human B cell functional heterogeneity based on T cell/B cell cross-talk, and proposes a better stratification of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases, suggesting that combined biomarkers would be of great value for the design of personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Simon
- Université de Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Alexis Grasseau
- Université de Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Marina Boudigou
- Université de Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Laëtitia Le Pottier
- Université de Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Divi Cornec
- Université de Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Bénédicte Rouvière
- Université de Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Christophe Jamin
- Université de Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Lucas Le Lann
- Université de Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Yves Renaudineau
- Université de Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Granada, Spain
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- Université de Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Sophie Hillion
- Université de Brest, INSERM, UMR1227, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
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18
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Kwang D, Tjin G, Purton LE. Regulation of murine B lymphopoiesis by stromal cells. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:47-67. [PMID: 34002391 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are crucial for the body's humoral immune response, secreting antibodies generated against foreign antigens to fight infection. Adult murine B lymphopoiesis is initiated in the bone marrow and additional maturation occurs in the spleen. In both these organs, B lymphopoiesis involves interactions with numerous different non-hematopoietic cells, also known as stromal or microenvironment cells, which provide migratory, maturation, and survival signals. A variety of conditional knockout and transgenic mouse models have been used to identify the roles of distinct microenvironment cell types in the regulation of B lymphopoiesis. These studies have revealed that mesenchymal lineage cells and endothelial cells comprise the non-hematopoietic microenvironment cell types that support B lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow. In the spleen, various types of stromal cells and endothelial cells contribute to B lymphocyte maturation. More recently, comprehensive single cell RNA-seq studies have also been used to identify clusters of stromal cell types in the bone marrow and spleen, which will aid in further identifying key regulators of B lymphopoiesis. Here, we review the different types of microenvironment cells and key extrinsic regulators that are known to be involved in the regulation of murine B lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow and spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diannita Kwang
- Stem Cell Regulation Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
| | - Gavin Tjin
- Stem Cell Regulation Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
| | - Louise E Purton
- Stem Cell Regulation Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia
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19
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Jazeela K, Chakraborty A, Kotian A, Aditya V, Kumar BK, Rai P, Karunasagar I, Deekshit VK. Phenotypic characterization of auxotrophic mutant of nontyphoidal Salmonella and determination of its cytotoxicity, tumor inhibiting cytokine gene expression in cell line models. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2925-2939. [PMID: 33770232 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An auxotrophic mutant of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) strain (Salmonella Oslo) was phenotypically characterized in this study. The characterization was based on phenotype, morphology, motility, biofilm forming ability, growth kinetics, etc. The phenotypic results from the above experiments determined that the mutant showed variation in phenotypic characters from that of wild-type strain. Subsequently, mutant and wild-type NTS were subjected to epithelial cell invasion and intracellular replication assays. The real-time PCR analysis was also performed to analyse expression of tumor inhibiting cytokine genes and virulence genes post-bacterial infection in cell lines. The mutant showed highest invasion potential than wild-type NTS whereas the replication of mutant was slower in both the cell lines. Similar to the wild-type strain, the mutant also retained the cytotoxic potential when analysed in vitro. Furthermore, the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes such as TNF-α and IL-1β was upsurged with the downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine genes like TGF-β, IL-6 and IL-10 post-infection of the mutant strain in cell lines. In addition, virulence genes of Salmonella pathogenicity island one and two of mutant were downregulated in vitro except invA in HeLa cell line. Therefore, the auxotrophic mutant showed positive attributes of a potential antitumor agent in terms of expressing tumor inhibiting cytokine genes when assessed in vitro. Though the study did not check the tumor inhibitory effect of NTS strain directly, findings of the study emphasizes on the development of a novel strain of NTS with less virulence and more immunogenic traits to inhibit tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadeeja Jazeela
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Akshatha Kotian
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Vankadari Aditya
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Ballamoole Krishna Kumar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Rai
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Indrani Karunasagar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijaya Kumar Deekshit
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research, Kotekar Beeri Road, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India.
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20
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Almishri W, Davis RP, Shaheen AA, Altonsy MO, Jenne CN, Swain MG. The Antidepressant Mirtazapine Rapidly Shifts Hepatic B Cell Populations and Functional Cytokine Signatures in the Mouse. Front Immunol 2021; 12:622537. [PMID: 33841403 PMCID: PMC8027111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.622537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction B cells are important regulators of both adaptive and innate immunity. The normal liver contains significant numbers of B cells, and their numbers increase dramatically in immune-mediated liver diseases. Our previous observations suggest a hepatoprotective effect of the antidepressant mirtazapine in human and experimental immune-mediated liver disease. Therefore, we performed a series of experiments to determine the impact of mirtazapine treatment on hepatic B cell homeostasis, as reflected by B cell number, trafficking and phenotype using flow cytometry (FCM) and intravital microscopy (IVM) analysis. Mirtazapine treatment rapidly induced a significant reduction in total hepatic B cell numbers, paralleled by a compositional shift in the predominant hepatic B cell subtype from B2 to B1. This shift in hepatic B cells induced by mirtazapine treatment was associated with a striking increase in total hepatic levels of the chemokine CXCL10, and increased production of CXCL10 by hepatic macrophages and dendritic cells. Furthermore, mirtazapine treatment led to an upregulation of CXCR3, the cognate chemokine receptor for CXCL10, on hepatic B cells that remained in the liver post-mirtazapine. A significant role for CXCR3 in the hepatic retention of B cells post-mirtazapine was confirmed using CXCR3 receptor blockade. In addition, B cells remaining in the liver post-mirtazapine produced lower amounts of the proinflammatory Th1-like cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-6, and increased amounts of the Th2-like cytokine IL-4, after stimulation in vitro. Conclusion Mirtazapine treatment rapidly alters hepatic B cell populations, enhancing hepatic retention of CXCR3-expressing innate-like B cells that generate a more anti-inflammatory cytokine profile. Mirtazapine-induced hepatic B cell shifts could potentially represent a novel therapeutic approach to immune-mediated liver diseases characterized by B cell driven pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdi Almishri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Rachelle P Davis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Abdel-Aziz Shaheen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammed O Altonsy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Craig N Jenne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mark G Swain
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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21
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Dobosz E, Lorenz G, Ribeiro A, Würf V, Wadowska M, Kotlinowski J, Schmaderer C, Potempa J, Fu M, Koziel J, Lech M. Murine myeloid cell MCPIP1 suppresses autoimmunity by regulating B-cell expansion and differentiation. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm047589. [PMID: 33737335 PMCID: PMC7988765 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.047589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived cells, in particular macrophages, are increasingly recognized as critical regulators of the balance of immunity and tolerance. However, whether they initiate autoimmune disease or perpetuate disease progression in terms of epiphenomena remains undefined.Here, we show that depletion of MCPIP1 in macrophages and granulocytes (Mcpip1fl/fl-LysMcre+ C57BL/6 mice) is sufficient to trigger severe autoimmune disease. This was evidenced by the expansion of B cells and plasma cells and spontaneous production of autoantibodies, including anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith and anti-histone antibodies. Consequently, we document evidence of severe skin inflammation, pneumonitis and histopathologic evidence of glomerular IgG deposits alongside mesangioproliferative nephritis in 6-month-old mice. These phenomena are related to systemic autoinflammation, which secondarily induces a set of cytokines such as Baff, Il5, Il9 and Cd40L, affecting adaptive immune responses. Therefore, abnormal macrophage activation is a key factor involved in the loss of immune tolerance.Overall, we demonstrate that deficiency of MCPIP1 solely in myeloid cells triggers systemic lupus-like autoimmunity and that the control of myeloid cell activation is a crucial checkpoint in the development of systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Dobosz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Georg Lorenz
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Nephrology, Technical University Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Andrea Ribeiro
- LMU Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Vivian Würf
- LMU Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Marta Wadowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kotlinowski
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Christoph Schmaderer
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Nephrology, Technical University Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Mingui Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Shock, Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
- LMU Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Maciej Lech
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
- LMU Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80336, Germany
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22
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Crooke SN, Ovsyannikova IG, Kennedy RB, Warner ND, Poland GA. Associations between markers of cellular and humoral immunity to rubella virus following a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. Vaccine 2020; 38:7897-7904. [PMID: 33158591 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rubella virus (RV) was eliminated in the United States in 2004, although a small portion of the population fails to develop long-term immunity against RV even after two doses of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. We hypothesized that inherent biological differences in cytokine and chemokine signaling likely govern an individual's response to a third dose of the vaccine. METHODS Healthy young women (n = 97) were selected as study participants if they had either low or high extremes of RV-specific antibody titer after two previous doses of MMR vaccine. We measured cytokine and chemokine secretion from RV-stimulated PBMCs before and 28 days after they received a third dose of MMR vaccine and assessed correlations with humoral immune response outcomes. RESULTS High and low antibody vaccine responders exhibited a strong pro-inflammatory cellular response, with an underlying Th1-associated signature (IL-2, IFN-γ, MIP-1β, IP-10) and suppressed production of most Th2-associated cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13). IL-10 and IL-4 exhibited significant negative associations with neutralizing antibody titers and memory B cell ELISpot responses among low vaccine responders. CONCLUSION IL-4 and IL-10 signaling pathways may be potential targets for understanding and improving the immune response to rubella vaccination or for designing new vaccines that induce more durable immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N Crooke
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Nathaniel D Warner
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gregory A Poland
- Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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23
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Matsuyama T, Kubli SP, Yoshinaga SK, Pfeffer K, Mak TW. An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19. Cell Death Differ 2020. [PMID: 33037393 DOI: 10.1038/s41418‐020‐00633‐7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized by diverse clinical symptoms. Type I interferon (IFN-I) production is impaired and severe cases lead to ARDS and widespread coagulopathy. We propose that COVID-19 pathophysiology is initiated by SARS-CoV-2 gene products, the NSP1 and ORF6 proteins, leading to a catastrophic cascade of failures. These viral components induce signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) dysfunction and compensatory hyperactivation of STAT3. In SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, a positive feedback loop established between STAT3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may lead to an escalating cycle of activation in common with the interdependent signaling networks affected in COVID-19. Specifically, PAI-1 upregulation leads to coagulopathy characterized by intravascular thrombi. Overproduced PAI-1 binds to TLR4 on macrophages, inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The recruitment and subsequent activation of innate immune cells within an infected lung drives the destruction of lung architecture, which leads to the infection of regional endothelial cells and produces a hypoxic environment that further stimulates PAI-1 production. Acute lung injury also activates EGFR and leads to the phosphorylation of STAT3. COVID-19 patients' autopsies frequently exhibit diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and increased hyaluronan (HA) production which also leads to higher levels of PAI-1. COVID-19 risk factors are consistent with this scenario, as PAI-1 levels are increased in hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and old age. We discuss the possibility of using various approved drugs, or drugs currently in clinical development, to treat COVID-19. This perspective suggests to enhance STAT1 activity and/or inhibit STAT3 functions for COVID-19 treatment. This might derail the escalating STAT3/PAI-1 cycle central to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Matsuyama
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shawn P Kubli
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | | | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, 999077, Hong Kong.
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24
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An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:3209-3225. [PMID: 33037393 PMCID: PMC7545020 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized by diverse clinical symptoms. Type I interferon (IFN-I) production is impaired and severe cases lead to ARDS and widespread coagulopathy. We propose that COVID-19 pathophysiology is initiated by SARS-CoV-2 gene products, the NSP1 and ORF6 proteins, leading to a catastrophic cascade of failures. These viral components induce signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) dysfunction and compensatory hyperactivation of STAT3. In SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, a positive feedback loop established between STAT3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may lead to an escalating cycle of activation in common with the interdependent signaling networks affected in COVID-19. Specifically, PAI-1 upregulation leads to coagulopathy characterized by intravascular thrombi. Overproduced PAI-1 binds to TLR4 on macrophages, inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The recruitment and subsequent activation of innate immune cells within an infected lung drives the destruction of lung architecture, which leads to the infection of regional endothelial cells and produces a hypoxic environment that further stimulates PAI-1 production. Acute lung injury also activates EGFR and leads to the phosphorylation of STAT3. COVID-19 patients' autopsies frequently exhibit diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and increased hyaluronan (HA) production which also leads to higher levels of PAI-1. COVID-19 risk factors are consistent with this scenario, as PAI-1 levels are increased in hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and old age. We discuss the possibility of using various approved drugs, or drugs currently in clinical development, to treat COVID-19. This perspective suggests to enhance STAT1 activity and/or inhibit STAT3 functions for COVID-19 treatment. This might derail the escalating STAT3/PAI-1 cycle central to COVID-19.
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25
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Hozain S, Cottrell J. CDllb+ targeted depletion of macrophages negatively affects bone fracture healing. Bone 2020; 138:115479. [PMID: 32535290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an important part of the fracture repair process which requires osteogenic cells to interact with innate immune cells such as macrophages. All murine macrophages express the F4/80 cell surface marker but they may be further subdivided into two main phenotypes: M1 (proinflammatory) or M2 (anti-inflammatory) based on surface marker expression and function. Macrophages polarize between these two main classes in response to inflammation while differentially regulating the healing process. Studies have shown that F4/80+ cell ablation impairs fracture healing, however, the distinct phenotypes that participate in the early healing process is unclear. We hypothesized that the M1 subtype is essential for the early steps of fracture healing and their depletion would impair fracture repair. To test this hypothesis, M1 (F4/80+/MHCII+/CD86+/CDllb+) macrophages were depleted using a saporin conjugated Mac-1 antibody (Mac1SAP) in vitro using primary macrophages and in vivo using a mouse femur fracture model. Primary macrophages isolated from mice femoral bone marrow were either left undifferentiated (+PBS), differentiated into M1 macrophages (+LPS), or differentiated to M2 macrophages (+IL-4), and then treated with either vehicle or 10 pM Mac1SAP. Samples were collected at day 2 and 5 post Mac1SAP treatment. Macrophage subtypes were identified by flow cytometry and cytokine secretion profiles were quantified using xMAP. For the in vivo model, mice were treated with Mac1SAP 24 h prior to fracture. Femur bone marrow samples were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry, xMAP, immunohistochemistry, MicroCT, and histology. The results demonstrated that Mac1SAP significantly depleted M1 macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. Mac1SAP treatment altered expression of 75% of cytokines in vitro and 30% of cytokines in vivo including IL-6, TNF-a, and IP-10. In both the in vitro and in vivo models, the M1 subtype correlated highly with cytokines G-CSF, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10, LIX, KC, MCP-1, IP-10, MIP1α, MIP1β, RANTES, IL-9, IL-2 and TNFα. M1 depletion was also found to reduced callus properties at day 14 via microCT analysis. Overall, the data suggests that depletion of M1 macrophages by Mac1SAP treatment alters the cytokine expression profiles during early bone repair which ultimately impairs bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hozain
- Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, United States of America
| | - Jessica Cottrell
- Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, United States of America.
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26
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Magatti M, Masserdotti A, Bonassi Signoroni P, Vertua E, Stefani FR, Silini AR, Parolini O. B Lymphocytes as Targets of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1156. [PMID: 32582218 PMCID: PMC7295987 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from the amniotic membrane of human term placenta (hAMSC), and the conditioned medium generated from their culture (CM-hAMSC) offer significant tools for their use in regenerative medicine mainly due to their immunomodulatory properties. Interestingly, hAMSC and their CM have been successfully exploited in preclinical disease models of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases where depletion or modulation of B cells have been indicated as an effective treatment, such as inflammatory bowel disease, lung fibrosis, would healing, collagen-induced arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. While the interactions between hAMSC or CM-hAMSC and T lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages has been extensively explored, how they affect B lymphocytes remains unclear. Considering that B cells are key players in the adaptive immune response and are a central component of different diseases, in this study we investigated the in vitro properties of hAMSC and CM-hAMSC on B cells. We provide evidence that both hAMSC and CM-hAMSC strongly suppressed CpG-activated B-cell proliferation. Moreover, CM-hAMSC blocked B-cell differentiation, with an increase of the proportion of mature B cells, and a reduction of antibody secreting cell formation. We observed the strong inhibition of B cell terminal differentiation into CD138+ plasma cells, as further shown by a significant decrease of the expression of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4), PR/SET domain 1(PRDM1), and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) genes. Our results point out that the mechanism by which CM-hAMSC impacts B cell proliferation and differentiation is mediated by secreted factors, and prostanoids are partially involved in these actions. Factors contained in the CM-hAMSC decreased the CpG-uptake sensors (CD205, CD14, and TLR9), suggesting that B cell stimulation was affected early on. CM-hAMSC also decreased the expression of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-4, consequently inhibiting the entire CpG-induced downstream signaling pathway. Overall, these findings add insight into the mechanism of action of hAMSC and CM-hAMSC and are useful to better design their potential therapeutic application in B-cell mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Magatti
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alice Masserdotti
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elsa Vertua
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Rosa Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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27
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Peripheral B Cell Subsets in Autoimmune Diseases: Clinical Implications and Effects of B Cell-Targeted Therapies. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:9518137. [PMID: 32280720 PMCID: PMC7125470 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9518137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) play a fundamental role in humoral immunity. The aberrant function of ASCs is related to a number of disease states, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. Recent insights into activated B cell subsets, including naïve B cell to ASC stages and their resultant cellular disturbances, suggest that aberrant ASC differentiation occurs during autoimmune diseases and is closely related to disease severity. However, the mechanisms underlying highly active ASC differentiation and the B cell subsets in autoimmune patients remain undefined. Here, we first review the processes of ASC generation. From the perspective of novel therapeutic target discovery, prediction of disease progression, and current clinical challenges, we further summarize the aberrant activity of B cell subsets including specialized memory CD11chiT-bet+ B cells that participate in the maintenance of autoreactive ASC populations. An improved understanding of subgroups may also enhance the knowledge of antigen-specific B cell differentiation. We further discuss the influence of current B cell therapies on B cell subsets, specifically focusing on systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and myasthenia gravis.
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28
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Verma A, Schmidt BA, Elizaldi SR, Nguyen NK, Walter KA, Beck Z, Trinh HV, Dinasarapu AR, Lakshmanappa YS, Rane NN, Matyas GR, Rao M, Shen X, Tomaras GD, LaBranche CC, Reimann KA, Foehl DH, Gach JS, Forthal DN, Kozlowski PA, Amara RR, Iyer SS. Impact of T h1 CD4 Follicular Helper T Cell Skewing on Antibody Responses to an HIV-1 Vaccine in Rhesus Macaques. J Virol 2020; 94:e01737-19. [PMID: 31827000 PMCID: PMC7158739 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01737-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating durable humoral immunity through vaccination depends upon effective interactions of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells with germinal center (GC) B cells. Th1 polarization of Tfh cells is an important process shaping the success of Tfh-GC B cell interactions by influencing costimulatory and cytokine-dependent Tfh help to B cells. However, the question remains as to whether adjuvant-dependent modulation of Tfh cells enhances HIV-1 vaccine-induced antienvelope (anti-Env) antibody responses. We investigated whether an HIV-1 vaccine platform designed to increase the number of Th1-polarized Tfh cells enhances the magnitude and quality of anti-Env antibodies. Utilizing a novel interferon-induced protein 10 (IP-10)-adjuvanted HIV-1 DNA prime followed by a monophosphoryl lipid A and QS-21 (MPLA+QS-21)-adjuvanted Env protein boost (DIP-10 PALFQ) in macaques, we observed higher anti-Env serum IgG titers with greater cross-clade reactivity, specificity for V1V2, and effector functions than in macaques primed with DNA lacking IP-10 and boosted with MPLA-plus-alum-adjuvanted Env protein (DPALFA) The DIP-10 PALFQ vaccine regimen elicited higher anti-Env IgG1 and lower IgG4 antibody levels in serum, showing for the first time that adjuvants can dramatically impact the IgG subclass profile in macaques. The DIP-10 PALFQ regimen also increased vaginal and rectal IgA antibodies to a greater extent. Within lymph nodes, we observed augmented GC B cell responses and the promotion of Th1 gene expression profiles in GC Tfh cells. The frequency of GC Tfh cells correlated with both the magnitude and avidity of anti-Env serum IgG. Together, these data suggest that adjuvant-induced stimulation of Th1-Tfh cells is an effective strategy for enhancing the magnitude and quality of anti-Env antibody responses.IMPORTANCE The results of the RV144 trial demonstrated that vaccination could prevent HIV transmission in humans and that longevity of anti-Env antibodies may be key to this protection. Efforts to improve upon the prime-boost vaccine regimen used in RV144 have indicated that booster immunizations can increase serum anti-Env antibody titers but only transiently. Poor antibody durability hampers efforts to develop an effective HIV-1 vaccine. This study was designed to identify the specific elements involved in the immunological mechanism necessary to produce robust HIV-1-specific antibodies in rhesus macaques. By clearly defining immune-mediated pathways that improve the magnitude and functionality of the anti-HIV-1 antibody response, we will have the foundation necessary for the rational development of an HIV-1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Verma
- The Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Brian A Schmidt
- The Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sonny R Elizaldi
- The Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Graduate Group in Immunology, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nancy K Nguyen
- The Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Korey A Walter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zoltan Beck
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Hung V Trinh
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashok R Dinasarapu
- Emory Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Niharika N Rane
- The Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gary R Matyas
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mangala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Celia C LaBranche
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keith A Reimann
- Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource, MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David H Foehl
- Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource, MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johannes S Gach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Donald N Forthal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rama R Amara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Smita S Iyer
- The Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Gupta S, Agrawal S. IgAλ monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) associated with primary selective IgM deficiency. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 8:37-46. [PMID: 31497382 PMCID: PMC6726973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Selective IgM deficiency (SIgMD) and IgA MGUS in a young woman are two rare disorders. IgA MGUS has not been described in patients with SIgMD. We present the first comprehensive analysis of various subsets of CD4+ T, CD8+ T cells, and B cells in a young woman with SIgMD and IgAλ MGUS. Analysis of B cell subsets revealed increased proportions of transitional B cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, B regulatory cells (Breg), and plasmablasts (PB), and decreased proportions of marginal zone (MZ) B cells. BAFF-R expression on both naïve and memory B cells was increased. CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory cells were decreased, whereas CD4+ and CD8+ naïve T cells were increased. These abnormalities in B cell subsets and plasmablasts are not observed in SIgMD, therefore appears be influenced by MGUS. No correlation was observed with changes in the levels of monoclonal IgA and serum IgM levels over nine years follow-up suggesting that SIgMD is likely to be primary rather than secondary to MGUS. These observations also suggest that IgAλ MGUS and perhaps other MGUS may occur at a young age in association with selective IgM deficiency. The abnormalities in B cell subsets may have a predictive value for progression to multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Gupta
- Basic Clinical Immunology, University of California Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Basic Clinical Immunology, University of California Irvine, California, USA
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Wei Y, Lao XM, Xiao X, Wang XY, Wu ZJ, Zeng QH, Wu CY, Wu RQ, Chen ZX, Zheng L, Li B, Kuang DM. Plasma Cell Polarization to the Immunoglobulin G Phenotype in Hepatocellular Carcinomas Involves Epigenetic Alterations and Promotes Hepatoma Progression in Mice. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1890-1904.e16. [PMID: 30711627 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Little is known about the composition and generation of plasma cell subsets in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and how these associate with outcomes. We investigated whether, or how, plasma cells differentiate and function in patients with HCC and mice with liver tumors. METHODS We analyzed subset composition and distribution of plasma cells in HCC samples from 342 patients who underwent curative resection at the Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University in China; samples of non-tumor liver tissue were used as controls. We associated plasma cell profiles with patient outcomes. Tissue-derived leukocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The ability of macrophages to regulate plasma cell differentiation was determined in ex vivo cultures of cells from human HCC tissues. C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were given injections of Hepa1-6 cells, which formed hepatomas, or H22 cells, which formed ascitic hepatomas. Gene expression patterns were analyzed in human HCC, mouse hepatoma, and non-tumor tissues by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mice with hepatomas were given injections of GSK126 (an inhibitor of histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase [EZH2]) and 5-AZA-dC (an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferases); tumor tissues were analyzed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry for the presence of immune cells and cytokines. RESULTS B cells isolated from HCCs had somatic hypermutations and class-switch recombinations to the IgG phenotype that were not observed in non-tumor tissues. Increased level of plasma cells correlated with poor outcomes of patients. Activated CD4+ T cells from HCCs stimulated C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) production by macrophages. CXCL10 bound CXC chemokine receptor 3 on B cells and signaled via extracellular signal-regulated kinase to cause them to become IgG-producing plasma cells. IgG activated Fc receptors on macrophages and induced them to produce interleukin 6, interleukin 10, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20). In mice with hepatomas, depletion of B cells prevented generation of these macrophage, increased the anti-tumor T cell response, and reduced growth of hepatomas. However, these effects were lost after injection of CXC chemokine receptor 3-positive plasma cells. Human HCC and mouse hepatoma tissues had increased expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 and EZH2 compared with non-tumor tissues. Injection of mice with GSK126 and 5-AZA-dC induced expression of CXCL10 by tumor cells and caused plasma cell polarization, suppression of the anti-tumor T cell response, and hepatoma growth. CONCLUSIONS Human HCC tissues contain B cells with class-switch recombinations to the IgG phenotype. Activated CD4+ T cells from HCCs stimulate CXCL10 production by macrophages; CXCL10 binds CXC chemokine receptor 3 on B cells and causes them to become IgG-producing plasma cells. IgG activates Fc receptor in macrophages to produce cytokines that reduce the anti-tumor immune response. In mice with hepatomas, depletion of B cells prevented generation of these macrophages, increased the anti-tumor T cell response, and reduced growth of hepatomas. This pathway involves increased expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 and EZH2 by HCC and hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ming Lao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xu-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Hui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ming Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia; The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Kather JN, Halama N. Harnessing the innate immune system and local immunological microenvironment to treat colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:871-882. [PMID: 30936499 PMCID: PMC6734657 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress in the development of new immunotherapies has led to successful clinical trials for malignant melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer; however, for the majority of solid tumours of the gastrointestinal tract, little or no progress has been seen. The efficacy of immunotherapies is limited by the complexities of a diverse set of immune cells, and interactions between the tumour cells and all other cells in the local microenvironment of solid tumours. A large fraction of immune cells present in and around solid tumours derive from the innate arm of the immune system and using these cells against tumours offers an alternative immunotherapeutic option, especially as current strategies largely harness the adaptive arm of the immune system. This option is currently being investigated and attempts at using the innate immune system for gastrointestinal cancers are showing initial results. Several important factors, including cytokines, chemotherapeutics and the microbiome, influence the plasticity and functionality of innate (myeloid) cells in the microenvironment, and this complexity of regulation has limited translation into successful trials so far. In this review, current concepts of the immunobiology of the innate arm in the tumour microenvironment are presented in the context of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Nikolas Kather
- Department of Medical Oncology and Internal Medicine VI, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Translational Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Halama
- Department of Medical Oncology and Internal Medicine VI, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Institute for Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Translational Immunotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz, Germany.
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Zheng X, Huo X, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Xu X. Cardiovascular endothelial inflammation by chronic coexposure to lead (Pb) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from preschool children in an e-waste recycling area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:587-596. [PMID: 30597391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure is positively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the possible potential mechanism may be caused by damage to the endothelium by modulation of inflammatory processes. No comprehensive research shows co-exposure of Pb and PAH on cardiovascular endothelial inflammation in electronic waste (e-waste) exposed populations. Given this, the aim of this study is to provide evidence for a relationship between Pb and PAH co-exposure and cardiovascular endothelial inflammation, in an e-waste-exposed population, to delineate the link between a potential mechanism for CVD and environmental exposure. We recruited 203 preschool children (3-7 years) were enrolled from Guiyu (e-waste-exposed group, n = 105) and Haojiang (reference group, n = 98). Blood Pb levels and urinary PAH metabolites were measured. Percentages of T cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, complete blood counts, endothelial inflammation biomarker (serum S100A8/A9), and other inflammatory biomarkers [serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12p70, gamma interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10)] levels were evaluated. Blood Pb, total urinary hydroxylated PAH (ΣOHPAH), total hydroxynaphthalene (ΣOHNap) and total hydroxyfluorene (ΣOHFlu) levels, S100A8/A9, IL-6, IL-12p70 and IP-10 concentrations, absolute counts of monocytes, neutrophils, and leukocytes, as well as CD4+ T cell percentages were significantly higher in exposed children. Elevated blood Pb, urinary 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHNap) and ΣOHFlu levels were associated with higher levels of IL-6, IL-12p70, IP-10, CD4+ T cell percentages, neutrophil and monocyte counts. Mediator models indicated that neutrophils exert the significant mediation effect on the relationship between blood Pb levels and S100A8/A9. IL-6 exerts a significant mediation effect on the relationship between blood Pb levels and IP-10, as well as the relationship between urinary ΣOHFlu levels and IP-10. Our results indicate that children with elevated exposure levels of Pb and PAHs have exacerbated vascular endothelial inflammation, which may indicate future CVD risk in e-waste recycling areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin Zheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713, GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Qihua Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Lin XC, Liu X, Li K, Zhao C, Xu S, Zhang Y, Bai XC, Cai DZ. B-cell-specific mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 activation results in severe osteoarthritis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:522-530. [PMID: 30408629 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of enriched plasma cells on the production of inflammatory cytokines and development of osteoarthritis (OA) in mice with B-cell-specific conditional deletion of the tuberous sclerosis 1 gene (TSC1). OA was induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in mice with TSC1 disruption in B cells (CD19-TSC1) and in littermate control mice (CON). The effects of DMM and incidence of OA were evaluated histologically, mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected by polymerase chain reaction, and serum cytokine levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Deletion of TSC1 caused constitutive activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 mTORC1 in B cells. CON mice subjected to DMM exhibited a severe OA phenotype with increased inflammatory cytokines in B cells, serum, and the synovial membrane. Importantly, inflammatory cytokine production was also increased in B cells from the spleen of CD19-TSC1 conditional KO mice, but the OA phenotype was significantly elevated in conditional KO mice after DMM surgery compared with CON mice, as indicated by more severe articular cartilage destruction, increased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 and mRNA of type X collagen in the articular cartilage, decreased mRNA expression of type II collagen in the articular cartilage, and increased inflammatory cytokines in serum and the synovial membrane. The results demonstrate that inflammatory cytokine synthesis by B cells was enriched in CD19-TSC1 conditional KO mice, and this enhanced synthesis of inflammatory cytokines accelerated the incidence of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Orthopedics, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining 810007, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Song Xu
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiao Chun Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dao Zhang Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Poultsidi A, Dimopoulos Y, He TF, Chavakis T, Saloustros E, Lee PP, Petrovas C. Lymph Node Cellular Dynamics in Cancer and HIV: What Can We Learn for the Follicular CD4 (Tfh) Cells? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2233. [PMID: 30319664 PMCID: PMC6170630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are central in the generation of adaptive immune responses. Follicular helper CD4 T (Tfh) cells, a highly differentiated CD4 population, provide critical help for the development of antigen-specific B cell responses within the germinal center. Throughout the past decade, numerous studies have revealed the important role of Tfh cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pathogenesis as well as in the development of neutralizing antibodies post-infection and post-vaccination. It has also been established that tumors influence various immune cell subsets not only in their proximity, but also in draining lymph nodes. The role of local or tumor associated lymph node Tfh cells in disease progression is emerging. Comparative studies of Tfh cells in chronic infections and cancer could therefore provide novel information with regards to their differentiation plasticity and to the mechanisms regulating their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Poultsidi
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Yiannis Dimopoulos
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ting-Fang He
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Saloustros
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Tissue Analysis Core, Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Kurebayashi Y, Ojima H, Tsujikawa H, Kubota N, Maehara J, Abe Y, Kitago M, Shinoda M, Kitagawa Y, Sakamoto M. Landscape of immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma and its additional impact on histological and molecular classification. Hepatology 2018; 68:1025-1041. [PMID: 29603348 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Immune cells constitute an important element of tumor tissue. Accumulating evidence indicates their clinicopathological significance in predicting prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. Nonetheless, the combinations of immune cells forming the immune microenvironment and their association with histological findings remain largely unknown. Moreover, it is unclear which immune cells or immune microenvironments are the most prognostically significant. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the immune microenvironment and its intratumor heterogeneity in 919 regions of 158 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), and the results were compared with the corresponding histological and prognostic data. Consequently, we classified the immune microenvironment of HCC into three distinct immunosubtypes: Immune-high, Immune-mid, and Immune-low. The Immune-high subtype was characterized by increased B-/plasma-cell and T cell infiltration, and the Immune-high subtype and B-cell infiltration were identified as independent positive prognostic factors. Varying degrees of intratumor heterogeneity of the immune microenvironment were observed, some of which reflected the multistep nature of HCC carcinogenesis. However, the predominant pattern of immunosubtype and immune cell infiltration of each tumor was prognostically important. Of note, the Immune-high subtype was associated with poorly differentiated HCC, cytokeratin 19 (CK19)+ , and/or Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4)+ high-grade HCC, and Hoshida's S1/Boyault's G2 subclasses. Furthermore, patients with high-grade HCC of the predominant Immune-high subtype had significantly better prognosis. These results provide a rationale for evaluating the immune microenvironment in addition to the usual histological/molecular classification of HCC. CONCLUSION The immune microenvironment of HCC can be classified into three immunosubtypes (Immune-high, Immune-mid, and Immune-low) with additional prognostic impact on histological and molecular classification of HCC. (Hepatology 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kurebayashi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ojima
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Tsujikawa
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junki Maehara
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Abe
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Kitago
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinoda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Sobotta S, Raue A, Huang X, Vanlier J, Jünger A, Bohl S, Albrecht U, Hahnel MJ, Wolf S, Mueller NS, D'Alessandro LA, Mueller-Bohl S, Boehm ME, Lucarelli P, Bonefas S, Damm G, Seehofer D, Lehmann WD, Rose-John S, van der Hoeven F, Gretz N, Theis FJ, Ehlting C, Bode JG, Timmer J, Schilling M, Klingmüller U. Model Based Targeting of IL-6-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Cultured Primary Hepatocytes to Improve Application of the JAK Inhibitor Ruxolitinib. Front Physiol 2017; 8:775. [PMID: 29062282 PMCID: PMC5640784 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-6 is a central mediator of the immediate induction of hepatic acute phase proteins (APP) in the liver during infection and after injury, but increased IL-6 activity has been associated with multiple pathological conditions. In hepatocytes, IL-6 activates JAK1-STAT3 signaling that induces the negative feedback regulator SOCS3 and expression of APPs. While different inhibitors of IL-6-induced JAK1-STAT3-signaling have been developed, understanding their precise impact on signaling dynamics requires a systems biology approach. Here we present a mathematical model of IL-6-induced JAK1-STAT3 signaling that quantitatively links physiological IL-6 concentrations to the dynamics of IL-6-induced signal transduction and expression of target genes in hepatocytes. The mathematical model consists of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODE) and the model parameters were estimated by a maximum likelihood approach, whereas identifiability of the dynamic model parameters was ensured by the Profile Likelihood. Using model simulations coupled with experimental validation we could optimize the long-term impact of the JAK-inhibitor Ruxolitinib, a therapeutic compound that is quickly metabolized. Model-predicted doses and timing of treatments helps to improve the reduction of inflammatory APP gene expression in primary mouse hepatocytes close to levels observed during regenerative conditions. The concept of improved efficacy of the inhibitor through multiple treatments at optimized time intervals was confirmed in primary human hepatocytes. Thus, combining quantitative data generation with mathematical modeling suggests that repetitive treatment with Ruxolitinib is required to effectively target excessive inflammatory responses without exceeding doses recommended by the clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svantje Sobotta
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Raue
- Discovery Division, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Xiaoyun Huang
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joep Vanlier
- Institute of Physics, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Jünger
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bohl
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Albrecht
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Hahnel
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wolf
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikola S Mueller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lorenza A D'Alessandro
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Mueller-Bohl
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin E Boehm
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Lucarelli
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Bonefas
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf D Lehmann
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Frank van der Hoeven
- Transgenic Service, Center for Preclinical Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Ehlting
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Timmer
- Institute of Physics, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Plasma Interferon-Gamma-Inducible Protein 10 Level Associates With Abnormal Memory B Cells Phenotypes in Perinatal HIV Infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2017; 36:e219-e222. [PMID: 28419006 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate for perinatally HIV-infected children and adolescents receiving combined antiretroviral therapy and in good clinical status with respect to HIV disease that high concentrations of interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 associate with increased exhausted memory B cells.
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38
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Muramatsu M, Gao L, Peresie J, Balderman B, Akakura S, Gelman IH. SSeCKS/AKAP12 scaffolding functions suppress B16F10-induced peritoneal metastasis by attenuating CXCL9/10 secretion by resident fibroblasts. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70281-70298. [PMID: 29050279 PMCID: PMC5642554 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SSeCKS/Gravin/AKAP12 (SSeCKS) is a kinase scaffolding protein known to suppress metastasis by attenuating tumor-intrinsic PKC- and Src-mediated signaling pathways [1]. In addition to downregulation in metastatic cells, in silico analyses identified SSeCKS downregulation in prostate or breast cancer-derived stroma, suggesting a microenvironmental cell role in controlling malignancy. Although orthotopic B16F10 and SM1WT1[BrafV600E] mouse melanoma tumors grew similarly in syngeneic WT or SSeCKS-null (KO) mice, KO hosts exhibited 5- to 10-fold higher levels of peritoneal metastasis, and this enhancement could be adoptively transferred by pre-injecting naïve WT mice with peritoneal fluid (PF), but not non-adherent peritoneal cells (PC), from naïve KO mice. B16F10 and SM1WT1 cells showed increased chemotaxis to KO-PF compared to WT-PF, corresponding to increased PF levels of multiple inflammatory mediators, including the Cxcr3 ligands, Cxcl9 and 10. Cxcr3 knockdown abrogated enhanced chemotaxis to KO-PF and peritoneal metastasis in KO hosts. Conditioned media from KO peritoneal membrane fibroblasts (PMF), but not from KO-PC, induced increased B16F10 chemotaxis over controls, which could be blocked with Cxcl10 neutralizing antibody. KO-PMF exhibited increased levels of the senescence markers, SA-β-galactosidase, p21waf1 and p16ink4a, and enhanced Cxcl10 secretion induced by inflammatory mediators, lipopolysaccharide, TNFα, IFNα and IFNγ. SSeCKS scaffolding-site mutants and small molecule kinase inhibitors were used to show that the loss of SSeCKS-regulated PKC, PKA and PI3K/Akt pathways are responsible for the enhanced Cxcl10 secretion. These data mark the first description of a role for stromal SSeCKS/AKAP12 in suppressing metastasis, specifically by attenuating signaling pathways that promote secretion of tumor chemoattractants in the peritoneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Muramatsu
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Lingqiu Gao
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo 14263, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Peresie
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo 14263, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Balderman
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo 14263, NY, USA
| | - Shin Akakura
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine 92618, CA, USA
| | - Irwin H Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo 14263, NY, USA
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39
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Exploratory Investigation of Early Biomarkers for Chronic Fatigue in Prostate Cancer Patients Following Radiation Therapy. Cancer Nurs 2017; 40:184-193. [PMID: 27105468 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is one of the most debilitating adverse effects of cancer therapy. Identifying biomarkers early during cancer therapy may help us understand the biologic underpinnings of the persistence of fatigue following therapy. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify early biomarkers of fatigue by examining correlations of levels of cytokines during external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with persistence of fatigue 1 year following treatment completion in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer (NM-PC). METHODS A sample of 34 men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer scheduled to receive EBRT were followed up at baseline (T1), midpoint of EBRT (T2), and 1 year following EBRT (T3). Demographic and clinical data were obtained by chart review. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue was administered to measure fatigue levels. Plasma cytokine levels were determined at T1 and T2 using the Bio-Rad Bio-Plex Cytokine Assay Kits. RESULTS Significant correlations were observed between levels of interleukin 2 (IL-3), IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-16, interferon γ-induced protein 10, interferon α2, interferon γ, and stromal cell-derived factor 1α at T2 with worsening of fatigue from T1 to T3. CONCLUSIONS Immunological changes prior to chronic fatigue development may reflect the long-term response to radiation therapy-induced damage. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Early biomarkers for chronic fatigue related to cancer therapy will help advance our understanding of the etiology of this distressing symptom and will help nurses identify patients at risk of developing chronic fatigue after cancer treatment. This information will also aid in patient education, as well as symptom management.
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40
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Pizzutto SJ, Hare KM, Upham JW. Bronchiectasis in Children: Current Concepts in Immunology and Microbiology. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:123. [PMID: 28611970 PMCID: PMC5447051 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is a complex chronic respiratory condition traditionally characterized by chronic infection, airway inflammation, and progressive decline in lung function. Early diagnosis and intensive treatment protocols can stabilize or even improve the clinical prognosis of children with bronchiectasis. However, understanding the host immunologic mechanisms that contribute to recurrent infection and prolonged inflammation has been identified as an important area of research that would contribute substantially to effective prevention strategies for children at risk of bronchiectasis. This review will focus on the current understanding of the role of the host immune response and important pathogens in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis (not associated with cystic fibrosis) in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Pizzutto
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Kim M Hare
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - John W Upham
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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41
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Zhu H, Hu F, Sun X, Zhang X, Zhu L, Liu X, Li X, Xu L, Shi L, Gan Y, Su Y. CD16 + Monocyte Subset Was Enriched and Functionally Exacerbated in Driving T-Cell Activation and B-Cell Response in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2016; 7:512. [PMID: 27917174 PMCID: PMC5116853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The roles that CD16+ monocyte subset plays in T-cell activation and B-cell response have not been well studied in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objective The present study aimed to investigate the distribution of CD16+ monocyte subsets in SLE and explore their possible roles in T-cell activation and B-cell differentiation. Methods The frequencies of monocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of healthy controls (HCs) and patients with SLE were determined by flow cytometry. Monocyte subsets were sorted and cocultured with CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells. Then, T and B cells were collected for different subset detection, while the supernatants were collected for immunoglobulin G, IgA, and IgM or interferon-γ and interleukin-17A detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Our results showed that CD16+ monocytes exhibited a proinflammatory phenotype with elevated CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, and CX3CR1 expression on the cell surface. It’s further demonstrated that CD16+ monocytes from patients and HCs shared different cell-surface marker profiles. The CD16+ subset was enriched in SLE and had an exacerbated capacity to promote CD4+ T cell polarization into a Th17 phenotype. Also, CD16+ monocytes had enhanced impacts on CD19+ B cells to differentiate into plasma B cells and regulatory B cells with more Ig production. Conclusion This study demonstrated that CD16+ monocytes, characterized by different cell-surface marker profiles, were enriched and played a critical role in driving the pathogenic T- and B-cell responses in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqun Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fanlei Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liling Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianjie Shi
- Peking University International Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Yuzhou Gan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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42
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Ouyang FZ, Wu RQ, Wei Y, Liu RX, Yang D, Xiao X, Zheng L, Li B, Lao XM, Kuang DM. Dendritic cell-elicited B-cell activation fosters immune privilege via IL-10 signals in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13453. [PMID: 27853178 PMCID: PMC5118541 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells are prominent components of human solid tumours, but activation status and functions of these cells in human cancers remain elusive. Here we establish that over 50% B cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibit an FcγRIIlow/− activated phenotype, and high infiltration of these cells positively correlates with cancer progression. Environmental semimature dendritic cells, but not macrophages, can operate in a CD95L-dependent pathway to generate FcγRIIlow/− activated B cells. Early activation of monocytes in cancer environments is critical for the generation of semimature dendritic cells and subsequent FcγRIIlow/− activated B cells. More importantly, the activated FcγRIIlow/− B cells from HCC tumours, but not the resting FcγRIIhigh B cells, without external stimulation suppress autologous tumour-specific cytotoxic T-cell immunity via IL-10 signals. Collectively, generation of FcγRIIlow/− activated B cells may represent a mechanism by which the immune activation is linked to immune tolerance in the tumour milieu. Activation and biological function of B cells in cancer are still unclear. Here, the authors show that hepatocarcinoma cells drive the formation of semimature dendritic cells that in turn activate FcγRIIlow/− tumour B cells through the CD95L/CD95 axis, leading to the production of IL-10 and suppression of CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rui-Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rui-Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiang-Ming Lao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dong-Ming Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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43
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Chorny A, Casas-Recasens S, Sintes J, Shan M, Polentarutti N, García-Escudero R, Walland AC, Yeiser JR, Cassis L, Carrillo J, Puga I, Cunha C, Bastos H, Rodrigues F, Lacerda JF, Morais A, Dieguez-Gonzalez R, Heeger PS, Salvatori G, Carvalho A, Garcia-Sastre A, Blander JM, Mantovani A, Garlanda C, Cerutti A. The soluble pattern recognition receptor PTX3 links humoral innate and adaptive immune responses by helping marginal zone B cells. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2167-85. [PMID: 27621420 PMCID: PMC5030794 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerutti and collaborators show that the humoral arms of the innate and adaptive immune systems are functionally interconnected by pentraxin 3, a soluble pattern recognition receptor that couples innate immune recognition with antibody-inducing function. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a fluid-phase pattern recognition receptor of the humoral innate immune system with ancestral antibody-like properties but unknown antibody-inducing function. In this study, we found binding of PTX3 to splenic marginal zone (MZ) B cells, an innate-like subset of antibody-producing lymphocytes strategically positioned at the interface between the circulation and the adaptive immune system. PTX3 was released by a subset of neutrophils that surrounded the splenic MZ and expressed an immune activation–related gene signature distinct from that of circulating neutrophils. Binding of PTX3 promoted homeostatic production of IgM and class-switched IgG antibodies to microbial capsular polysaccharides, which decreased in PTX3-deficient mice and humans. In addition, PTX3 increased IgM and IgG production after infection with blood-borne encapsulated bacteria or immunization with bacterial carbohydrates. This immunogenic effect stemmed from the activation of MZ B cells through a neutrophil-regulated pathway that elicited class switching and plasmablast expansion via a combination of T cell–independent and T cell–dependent signals. Thus, PTX3 may bridge the humoral arms of the innate and adaptive immune systems by serving as an endogenous adjuvant for MZ B cells. This property could be harnessed to develop more effective vaccines against encapsulated pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejo Chorny
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Sandra Casas-Recasens
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jordi Sintes
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meimei Shan
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Nadia Polentarutti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Ramón García-Escudero
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales, y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Cooper Walland
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - John R Yeiser
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Linda Cassis
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Puga
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute /3B's, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Hélder Bastos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute /3B's, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute /3B's, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - João F Lacerda
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal Hospital de Santa Maria, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Morais
- Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar São João, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rebeca Dieguez-Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Peter S Heeger
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 Translational Transplant Research Center and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | | | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute /3B's, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - J Magarian Blander
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy Humanitas University, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy Humanitas University, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, 08003 Barcelona, Spain Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Odler B, Bikov A, Streizig J, Balogh C, Kiss E, Vincze K, Barta I, Horváth I, Müller V. CCL21 and IP-10 as blood biomarkers for pulmonary involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 2016; 26:572-579. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203316668418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers for pulmonary manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are missing. Plasma samples of nine SLE patients with known pulmonary involvement (SLEpulm) and nine SLE patients without pulmonary involvement (SLE) were tested by multiplex microarray analysis for various cyto- and chemokines. Significantly decreased lung function paramters for forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung capacity (TLC), diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and diffusion of CO corrected on lung volume (KLCO) were observed in SLEpulm as compared to SLE patients. CC chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) levels were significantly higher in SLEpulm, than in patients without pulmonary manifestations. CCL21 correlated negatively with DLCO ( r = −0.73; p < 0.01) and KLCO ( r = −0.62; p < 0.01), while IP-10 with FVC and forced expiratory volume one second. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis confirmed high sensitivity and specificity for the separation of SLE patients with and without pulmonary involvement for the chemokines CCL21 (Area Under Curve (AUC): 0.85; sensitivity%: 88.90; specificity%: 75.00; p < 0.01) and IP-10 (AUC: 0.82; sensitivity%: 66.67, specificity%: 100; p < 0.01). Pleuropulmonary manifestations in SLE patients associated with lung functional and DLCO/KLCO changes and were associated with significant increase in CCL21 and IP-10. These chemokines might serve as potential biomarkers of lung involvement in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Odler
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Bikov
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Streizig
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - C Balogh
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - E Kiss
- National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Vincze
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - I Barta
- Department of Pathophysiology, National Korányi Institute of TB and Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - I Horváth
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pathophysiology, National Korányi Institute of TB and Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - V Müller
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Todt D, François C, Anggakusuma, Behrendt P, Engelmann M, Knegendorf L, Vieyres G, Wedemeyer H, Hartmann R, Pietschmann T, Duverlie G, Steinmann E. Antiviral Activities of Different Interferon Types and Subtypes against Hepatitis E Virus Replication. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:2132-9. [PMID: 26787701 PMCID: PMC4808167 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02427-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E in humans and a member of the genusOrthohepevirusin the familyHepeviridae HEV infections are the common cause of acute hepatitis but can also take chronic courses. Ribavirin is the treatment of choice for most patients, and type I interferon (IFN) has been evaluated in a few infected transplant patientsin vivo In this study, the antiviral effects of different exogenously administered interferons were investigated by using state-of-the-art subgenomic replicon and full-length HEV genome cell culture models. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) subgenomic replicons based on the genotype 2a JFH1 isolate served as the reference. The experiments revealed that HEV RNA replication was inhibited by the application of all types of IFN, including IFN-α (type I), IFN-γ (type II), and IFN-λ3 (type III), but to a far lesser extent than HCV replication. Simultaneous determination of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression levels for all IFN types demonstrated efficient downregulation by HEV. Furthermore, different IFN-α subtypes were also able to block viral replication in combination with ribavirin. The IFN-α subtypes 2a and 2b exerted the strongest antiviral activity against HEV. In conclusion, these data demonstrate for the first time moderate anti-HEV activities of types II and III IFNs and different IFN-α subtypes. As HEV employed a potent anti-interferon mechanism by restricting ISG expression, exogenous application of IFNs as immunotherapy should be carefully assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Todt
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Catherine François
- EA4294, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Anggakusuma
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrick Behrendt
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Engelmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Leonard Knegendorf
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gabrielle Vieyres
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gilles Duverlie
- EA4294, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire et Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
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Papazian D, Wagtmann VR, Hansen S, Würtzen PA. Direct contact between dendritic cells and bronchial epithelial cells inhibits T cell recall responses towards mite and pollen allergen extracts in vitro. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 181:207-18. [PMID: 25707463 PMCID: PMC4516436 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells (AECs) form a polarized barrier along the respiratory tract. They are the first point of contact with airborne antigens and are able to instruct resident immune cells to mount appropriate immune responses by either soluble or contact-dependent mechanisms. We hypothesize that a healthy, polarized epithelial cell layer inhibits inflammatory responses towards allergens to uphold homeostasis. Using an in-vitro co-culture model of the airway epithelium, where a polarized cell layer of bronchial epithelial cells can interact with dendritic cells (DCs), we have investigated recall T cell responses in allergic patients sensitized to house dust mite, grass and birch pollen. Using allergen extract-loaded DCs to stimulate autologous allergen-specific T cell lines, we show that AEC-imprinted DCs inhibit T cell proliferation significantly of Bet v 1-specific T cell lines as well as decrease interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 production, whereas inhibition of Phl p 5-specific T cells varied between different donors. Stimulating autologous CD4(+) T cells from allergic patients with AEC-imprinted DCs also inhibited proliferation significantly and decreased production of both T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines upon rechallenge. The inhibitory effects of AECs' contact with DCs were absent when allergen extract-loaded DCs had been exposed only to AECs supernatants, but present after direct contact with AECs. We conclude that direct contact between DCs and AECs inhibits T cell recall responses towards birch, grass and house dust mite allergens in vitro, suggesting that AECs-DC contact in vivo constitute a key element in mucosal homeostasis in relation to allergic sensitisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Papazian
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern DenmarkOdense
- ALK, Global ResearchHørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - S Hansen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern DenmarkOdense
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High Pulmonary Levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in Children with Chronic Suppurative Lung Disease Are Associated with Low Systemic IFN-γ Production in Response to Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129517. [PMID: 26066058 PMCID: PMC4466570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is commonly associated with chronic suppurative lung disease in children. We have previously shown that children with chronic suppurative lung disease have a reduced capacity to produce IFN-γ in response to NTHi compared with healthy control children. The aim of this study was to determine if deficient NTHi-specific IFN-γ production is associated with heightened systemic or airway inflammation. We measured a panel of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 p70), antimicrobial proteins (LL-37, IP-10) as well as cellular and clinical factors associated with airway and systemic inflammation in 70 children with chronic suppurative lung disease. IFN-γ was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells challenged in vitro with live NTHi. Regression analysis was used to assess the association between the systemic and airway inflammation and the capacity to produce IFN-γ. On multivariate regression, NTHi-specific IFN-γ production was significantly negatively associated with the BAL concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (β=-0.316; 95%CI -0.49, -0.14; p=0.001) and IL-1β (β=-0.023; 95%CI -0.04, -0.01; p=0.001). This association was independent of bacterial or viral infection, BAL cellularity and the severity of bronchiectasis (using modified Bhalla score on chest CT scans). We found limited evidence of systemic inflammation in children with chronic suppurative lung disease. In summary, increased local airway inflammation is associated with a poorer systemic cell-mediated immune response to NTHi in children with chronic suppurative lung disease. These data support the emerging body of evidence that impaired cell-mediated immune responses and dysregulated airway inflammation may be linked and contribute to the pathobiology of chronic suppurative lung disease.
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Clarner T, Janssen K, Nellessen L, Stangel M, Skripuletz T, Krauspe B, Hess FM, Denecke B, Beutner C, Linnartz-Gerlach B, Neumann H, Vallières L, Amor S, Ohl K, Tenbrock K, Beyer C, Kipp M. CXCL10 Triggers Early Microglial Activation in the Cuprizone Model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3400-13. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Role of group 3 innate lymphoid cells in antibody production. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 33:36-42. [PMID: 25621842 PMCID: PMC4488900 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) constitute a heterogeneous family of effector lymphocytes of the innate immune system that mediate lymphoid organogenesis, tissue repair, immunity and inflammation. The initial view that ILCs exert their protective functions solely during the innate phase of an immune response has been recently challenged by evidence indicating that ILCs shape adaptive immunity by establishing both contact-dependent and contact-independent interactions with multiple hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, including B cells. Some of these interactions enhance antibody responses both systemically and at mucosal sites of entry.
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50
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Ko TM, Kuo HC, Chang JS, Chen SP, Liu YM, Chen HW, Tsai FJ, Lee YC, Chen CH, Wu JY, Chen YT. CXCL10/IP-10 is a biomarker and mediator for Kawasaki disease. Circ Res 2015; 116:876-83. [PMID: 25605650 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.305834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Kawasaki disease (KD), an acute febrile vasculitis, is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in childhood; however, diagnosing KD can be difficult. OBJECTIVE To identify unique proteomic biomarkers that can be used to facilitate earlier diagnosis of KD. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 214 children with fever and clinical features suggestive of KD. Of those, only 100 were diagnosed with KD. Their plasma samples were globally analyzed for cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules using an unbiased, large-scale, quantitative protein array. This study was conducted in 3 stages: discovery, replication, and blinded validation. During the discovery phase (n [KD]=37; n [control]=20), the expression of interleukin-17F, sCD40L, E-selectin, CCL23 (myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor 1), and CXCL10 (IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 [IP-10]) were upregulated during the acute phase in patients with KD when compared with that in the controls. A notable increase was observed in the IP-10 levels (KD, 3037 ± 226.7 pg/mL; control, 672 ± 130.4 pg/mL; P=4.1 × 10(-11)). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis of the combined discovery and replication data (n [KD]=77; n [control]=77) showed that the IP-10 level had high area under the curve values (0.94 [95% confidence interval, 0.9055-0.9778]; sensitivity, 100%; and specificity, 77%). With 1318 pg/mL as the optimal cutoff, the blinded validation study confirmed that the IP-10 levels were a good predictor of KD. With intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, the IP-10 levels returned to normal. The downstream receptor of IP-10, CXCR3, was activated in the T cells of patients with acute KD. CONCLUSIONS IP-10 may be used as a biomarker to facilitate KD diagnosis, and it may provide clues about the pathogenesis of KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ming Ko
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (T.-M.K., S.-P.C., Y.-M.L., H.-W.C., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W., Y.-T.C.) and Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (Y.-C.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (J.-S.C.); School of Medicine (J.-S.C.), School of Chinese Medicine (F.-J.T.), and Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan (F.-J.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (T.-M.K., S.-P.C., Y.-M.L., H.-W.C., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W., Y.-T.C.) and Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (Y.-C.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (J.-S.C.); School of Medicine (J.-S.C.), School of Chinese Medicine (F.-J.T.), and Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan (F.-J.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Jeng-Sheng Chang
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (T.-M.K., S.-P.C., Y.-M.L., H.-W.C., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W., Y.-T.C.) and Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (Y.-C.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (J.-S.C.); School of Medicine (J.-S.C.), School of Chinese Medicine (F.-J.T.), and Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan (F.-J.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Shih-Ping Chen
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (T.-M.K., S.-P.C., Y.-M.L., H.-W.C., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W., Y.-T.C.) and Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (Y.-C.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (J.-S.C.); School of Medicine (J.-S.C.), School of Chinese Medicine (F.-J.T.), and Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan (F.-J.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Yi-Min Liu
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (T.-M.K., S.-P.C., Y.-M.L., H.-W.C., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W., Y.-T.C.) and Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (Y.-C.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (J.-S.C.); School of Medicine (J.-S.C.), School of Chinese Medicine (F.-J.T.), and Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan (F.-J.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (T.-M.K., S.-P.C., Y.-M.L., H.-W.C., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W., Y.-T.C.) and Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (Y.-C.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (J.-S.C.); School of Medicine (J.-S.C.), School of Chinese Medicine (F.-J.T.), and Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan (F.-J.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (T.-M.K., S.-P.C., Y.-M.L., H.-W.C., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W., Y.-T.C.) and Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (Y.-C.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (J.-S.C.); School of Medicine (J.-S.C.), School of Chinese Medicine (F.-J.T.), and Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan (F.-J.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Yi-Ching Lee
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (T.-M.K., S.-P.C., Y.-M.L., H.-W.C., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W., Y.-T.C.) and Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (Y.-C.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (J.-S.C.); School of Medicine (J.-S.C.), School of Chinese Medicine (F.-J.T.), and Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan (F.-J.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (T.-M.K., S.-P.C., Y.-M.L., H.-W.C., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W., Y.-T.C.) and Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (Y.-C.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (J.-S.C.); School of Medicine (J.-S.C.), School of Chinese Medicine (F.-J.T.), and Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan (F.-J.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (T.-M.K., S.-P.C., Y.-M.L., H.-W.C., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W., Y.-T.C.) and Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (Y.-C.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (J.-S.C.); School of Medicine (J.-S.C.), School of Chinese Medicine (F.-J.T.), and Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan (F.-J.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (Y.-T.C.).
| | - Yuan-Tsong Chen
- From the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (T.-M.K., S.-P.C., Y.-M.L., H.-W.C., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W., Y.-T.C.) and Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (Y.-C.L.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan (H.-C.K.); Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (J.-S.C.); School of Medicine (J.-S.C.), School of Chinese Medicine (F.-J.T.), and Department of Medical Genetics (F.-J.T., C.-H.C., J.-Y.W.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan (F.-J.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (Y.-T.C.).
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