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Perera DR, Ranadeva ND, Sirisena K, Wijesinghe KJ. Roles of NS1 Protein in Flavivirus Pathogenesis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:20-56. [PMID: 38110348 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses such as dengue, Zika, and West Nile viruses are highly concerning pathogens that pose significant risks to public health. The NS1 protein is conserved among flaviviruses and is synthesized as a part of the flavivirus polyprotein. It plays a critical role in viral replication, disease progression, and immune evasion. Post-translational modifications influence NS1's stability, secretion, antigenicity, and interactions with host factors. NS1 protein forms extensive interactions with host cellular proteins allowing it to affect vital processes such as RNA processing, gene expression regulation, and cellular homeostasis, which in turn influence viral replication, disease pathogenesis, and immune responses. NS1 acts as an immune evasion factor by delaying complement-dependent lysis of infected cells and contributes to disease pathogenesis by inducing endothelial cell damage and vascular leakage and triggering autoimmune responses. Anti-NS1 antibodies have been shown to cross-react with host endothelial cells and platelets, causing autoimmune destruction that is hypothesized to contribute to disease pathogenesis. However, in contrast, immunization of animal models with the NS1 protein confers protection against lethal challenges from flaviviruses such as dengue and Zika viruses. Understanding the multifaceted roles of NS1 in flavivirus pathogenesis is crucial for effective disease management and control. Therefore, further research into NS1 biology, including its host protein interactions and additional roles in disease pathology, is imperative for the development of strategies and therapeutics to combat flavivirus infections successfully. This Review provides an in-depth exploration of the current available knowledge on the multifaceted roles of the NS1 protein in the pathogenesis of flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayangi R Perera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 00300
| | - Nadeeka D Ranadeva
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, KIU Campus Sri Lanka 10120
| | - Kavish Sirisena
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 00300
- Section of Genetics, Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care, Sri Lanka 10120
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Balea R, Pollak NM, Hobson-Peters J, Macdonald J, McMillan DJ. Development and pre-clinical evaluation of a Zika virus diagnostic for low resource settings. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1214148. [PMID: 38053551 PMCID: PMC10694267 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1214148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging flavivirus that poses a significant public health threat. ZIKV exhibits a wide array of non-vector borne human transmission routes, such as sexual transmission, transplacental transmission and blood transfusion. Detection and surveillance of ZIKV is considered paramount in prevention of major outbreaks. With the majority of cases reported in low-resource locations, simple, low-cost detection methods are considered highly desirable. Materials and Methods Here we have developed a sensitive and specific ZIKV diagnostic using reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) coupled with lateral flow detection (LFD) targeting a highly conserved region of the ZIKV NS1 gene. Results We show our rapid, isothermal-ZIKV-diagnostic (Iso-ZIKV-Dx) can detect 500 copies of synthetic ZIKV RNA/μL in under 30 min at a constant 39°C. Using simulated urine samples, we observed that Iso-ZIKV-Dx also detects as low as 34.28 RNA copies/reaction of ZIKV (MR766 strain). Specificity testing confirmed that our test does not detect any co-circulating flaviviruses (dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis and yellow fever viruses) or chikungunya virus. Sample processing results show complete inactivation of ZIKV (MR766 strain) in 5 min at room temperature using our novel viral RNA sample preparation reagent. Furthermore, lateral flow strips testing demonstrates positive diagnoses in as little as 5 min in running buffer. Discussion Contrary to conventional RT-qPCR, our Iso-ZIKV-Dx does not require expensive machinery, specialised laboratory settings or extensively trained personnel. Pre-clinical evaluation demonstrates that our test exhibits robust, in-field capabilities without compromising sensitivity or specificity. When compared to the gold-standard RT-qPCR, our Iso-ZIKV-Dx test offers an array of applications that extend beyond diagnostics alone, including potential for surveillance and monitoring of ZIKV vector competency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickyle Balea
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Nina M. Pollak
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Joanne Macdonald
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
- BioCifer Pty Ltd., Auchenflower, QLD, Australia
| | - David J. McMillan
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
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3
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Losada PX, Bosch I, Frydman GH, Gehrke L, Narváez CF. Dengue and Zika virus differential infection of human megakaryoblast MEG-01 reveals unique cellular markers. Virology 2022; 577:16-23. [PMID: 36257128 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Platelet count is widely used for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with dengue. Despite its close viral structural and symptomatic homology, ZIKV infection does not typically induce significant thrombocytopenia. To determine the effect of DENV-2 and ZIKV infection on human platelet precursors we utilized MEG-01 cell line to evaluate the viral infection, viability, innate gene expression and release of platelet-like particles (PLPs). DENV-2 induced a higher proportion of cell death at 48-72 h post-infection than ZIKV. The median range of intracellular NS1+/E+ cells was 11.2% (3.3%-25%) and 5% (3%-8.1%) for DENV-2 and ZIKV, respectively (p = 0.03). MEG-01 cells infected with DENV-2 quickly expressed higher levels of IFN-β, indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase and CXCL10 mRNA compared to ZIKV infected cells and DENV-2 but not ZIKV infection reduced the number PLPs from stimulated MEG-01 cells. The results shed light into mechanisms including thrombocytopenia present in patients with DENV but absent in ZIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula X Losada
- División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, 410001, Huila, Colombia
| | - Irene Bosch
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Galit H Frydman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lee Gehrke
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Carlos F Narváez
- División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, 410001, Huila, Colombia.
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4
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Ryan FJ, Hope CM, Masavuli MG, Lynn MA, Mekonnen ZA, Yeow AEL, Garcia-Valtanen P, Al-Delfi Z, Gummow J, Ferguson C, O'Connor S, Reddi BAJ, Hissaria P, Shaw D, Kok-Lim C, Gleadle JM, Beard MR, Barry SC, Grubor-Bauk B, Lynn DJ. Long-term perturbation of the peripheral immune system months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. BMC Med 2022; 20:26. [PMID: 35027067 PMCID: PMC8758383 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly infectious respiratory virus which is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It is increasingly clear that recovered individuals, even those who had mild COVID-19, can suffer from persistent symptoms for many months after infection, a condition referred to as "long COVID", post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, or post COVID-19 condition. However, despite the plethora of research on COVID-19, relatively little is known about the molecular underpinnings of these long-term effects. METHODS We have undertaken an integrated analysis of immune responses in blood at a transcriptional, cellular, and serological level at 12, 16, and 24 weeks post-infection (wpi) in 69 patients recovering from mild, moderate, severe, or critical COVID-19 in comparison to healthy uninfected controls. Twenty-one of these patients were referred to a long COVID clinic and > 50% reported ongoing symptoms more than 6 months post-infection. RESULTS Anti-Spike and anti-RBD IgG responses were largely stable up to 24 wpi and correlated with disease severity. Deep immunophenotyping revealed significant differences in multiple innate (NK cells, LD neutrophils, CXCR3+ monocytes) and adaptive immune populations (T helper, T follicular helper, and regulatory T cells) in convalescent individuals compared to healthy controls, which were most strongly evident at 12 and 16 wpi. RNA sequencing revealed significant perturbations to gene expression in COVID-19 convalescents until at least 6 months post-infection. We also uncovered significant differences in the transcriptome at 24 wpi of convalescents who were referred to a long COVID clinic compared to those who were not. CONCLUSIONS Variation in the rate of recovery from infection at a cellular and transcriptional level may explain the persistence of symptoms associated with long COVID in some individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feargal J Ryan
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Christopher M Hope
- Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Makutiro G Masavuli
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Miriam A Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Zelalem A Mekonnen
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Arthur Eng Lip Yeow
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Pablo Garcia-Valtanen
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zahraa Al-Delfi
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jason Gummow
- Gene Silencing and Expression Core Facility, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Catherine Ferguson
- Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stephanie O'Connor
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin A J Reddi
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Pravin Hissaria
- Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Shaw
- Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chuan Kok-Lim
- Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Gleadle
- Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Michael R Beard
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Simon C Barry
- Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - David J Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia. .,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
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5
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Porier DL, Wilson SN, Auguste DI, Leber A, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Allen IC, Caswell CC, Budnick JA, Bassaganya-Riera J, Hontecillas R, Weger-Lucarelli J, Weaver SC, Auguste AJ. Enemy of My Enemy: A Novel Insect-Specific Flavivirus Offers a Promising Platform for a Zika Virus Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101142. [PMID: 34696250 PMCID: PMC8539214 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination remains critical for viral disease outbreak prevention and control, but conventional vaccine development typically involves trade-offs between safety and immunogenicity. We used a recently discovered insect-specific flavivirus as a vector in order to develop an exceptionally safe, flavivirus vaccine candidate with single-dose efficacy. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of this platform, we created a chimeric Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine candidate, designated Aripo/Zika virus (ARPV/ZIKV). ZIKV has caused immense economic and public health impacts throughout the Americas and remains a significant public health threat. ARPV/ZIKV vaccination showed exceptional safety due to ARPV/ZIKV’s inherent vertebrate host-restriction. ARPV/ZIKV showed no evidence of replication or translation in vitro and showed no hematological, histological or pathogenic effects in vivo. A single-dose immunization with ARPV/ZIKV induced rapid and robust neutralizing antibody and cellular responses, which offered complete protection against ZIKV-induced morbidity, mortality and in utero transmission in immune-competent and -compromised murine models. Splenocytes derived from vaccinated mice demonstrated significant CD4+ and CD8+ responses and significant cytokine production post-antigen exposure. Altogether, our results further support that chimeric insect-specific flaviviruses are a promising strategy to restrict flavivirus emergence via vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L. Porier
- Department of Entomology, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (D.L.P.); (S.N.W.); (D.I.A.)
| | - Sarah N. Wilson
- Department of Entomology, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (D.L.P.); (S.N.W.); (D.I.A.)
| | - Dawn I. Auguste
- Department of Entomology, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (D.L.P.); (S.N.W.); (D.I.A.)
| | - Andrew Leber
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (A.L.); (J.B.-R.); (R.H.)
| | - Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (S.C.-O.); (I.C.A.); (C.C.C.); (J.A.B.); (J.W.-L.)
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (S.C.-O.); (I.C.A.); (C.C.C.); (J.A.B.); (J.W.-L.)
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Clayton C. Caswell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (S.C.-O.); (I.C.A.); (C.C.C.); (J.A.B.); (J.W.-L.)
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - James A. Budnick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (S.C.-O.); (I.C.A.); (C.C.C.); (J.A.B.); (J.W.-L.)
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (A.L.); (J.B.-R.); (R.H.)
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (A.L.); (J.B.-R.); (R.H.)
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (S.C.-O.); (I.C.A.); (C.C.C.); (J.A.B.); (J.W.-L.)
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Albert J. Auguste
- Department of Entomology, Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (D.L.P.); (S.N.W.); (D.I.A.)
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Correspondence:
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Drago F, Ciccarese G, Merlo G, Trave I, Javor S, Rebora A, Parodi A. Oral and cutaneous manifestations of viral and bacterial infections: Not only COVID-19 disease. Clin Dermatol 2021; 39:384-404. [PMID: 34517997 PMCID: PMC7849469 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Globalization entails several medical problems along with economic and social complications. Migrations from other continents, increasing numbers of tourists worldwide, and importation of foreign parasites (eg, Aedes albopictus) have made diseases previously unknown in Europe a reality. The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic throughout the world is a warning that other epidemics are still possible. Most, if not all of these diseases, transmitted by viruses or bacteria, present with cutaneous symptoms and signs that are highly important for a speedy diagnosis, a fundamental concept for arresting the diseases and saving lives. Dermatologists play a significant role in delineating cutaneous and mucosal lesions that are often lumped together as dermatitis. We provide a review of many of these cutaneous and mucosal lesions that sometimes are forgotten or even ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Drago
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, Genoa, Italy; DI.S. Sal., Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Ciccarese
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Giulia Merlo
- Dermatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Via Venezia 16, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Ilaria Trave
- DI.S. Sal., Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sanja Javor
- Dermatology Unit, Galliera Hospital, Via Mura delle Cappuccine 14, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alfredo Rebora
- DI.S. Sal., Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, Genoa, Italy; DI.S. Sal., Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, Genoa, Italy
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7
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Raadsen M, Du Toit J, Langerak T, van Bussel B, van Gorp E, Goeijenbier M. Thrombocytopenia in Virus Infections. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040877. [PMID: 33672766 PMCID: PMC7924611 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia, which signifies a low platelet count usually below 150 × 109/L, is a common finding following or during many viral infections. In clinical medicine, mild thrombocytopenia, combined with lymphopenia in a patient with signs and symptoms of an infectious disease, raises the suspicion of a viral infection. This phenomenon is classically attributed to platelet consumption due to inflammation-induced coagulation, sequestration from the circulation by phagocytosis and hypersplenism, and impaired platelet production due to defective megakaryopoiesis or cytokine-induced myelosuppression. All these mechanisms, while plausible and supported by substantial evidence, regard platelets as passive bystanders during viral infection. However, platelets are increasingly recognized as active players in the (antiviral) immune response and have been shown to interact with cells of the innate and adaptive immune system as well as directly with viruses. These findings can be of interest both for understanding the pathogenesis of viral infectious diseases and predicting outcome. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the literature currently available on various mechanisms within the relationship between thrombocytopenia and virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Raadsen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Doctor molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (T.L.); (E.v.G.)
| | - Justin Du Toit
- Department of Haematology, Wits University Donald Gordon Medical Centre Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa;
| | - Thomas Langerak
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Doctor molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (T.L.); (E.v.G.)
| | - Bas van Bussel
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center Plus, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric van Gorp
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Doctor molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (T.L.); (E.v.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Goeijenbier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Doctor molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (T.L.); (E.v.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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8
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Lindsey NP, Porse CC, Potts E, Hyun J, Sandhu K, Schiffman E, Cervantes KB, White JL, Mason K, Owens K, Holsinger C, Fischer M, Staples JE. Postnatally Acquired Zika Virus Disease Among Children, United States, 2016-2017. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:227-231. [PMID: 30855072 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical findings among children with postnatally acquired Zika virus disease are not well characterized. We describe and compare clinical signs and symptoms for children aged <18 years. METHODS Zika virus disease cases were included if they met the national surveillance case definition, had illness onset in 2016 or 2017, resided in a participating state, and were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pediatric cases were aged <18 years; congenital and perinatal infections were excluded. Pediatric cases were matched to adult cases (18‒49 years). Clinical information was compared between younger and older pediatric cases and between children and adults. RESULTS A total of 141 pediatric Zika virus disease cases were identified; none experienced neurologic disease. Overall, 28 (20%) were treated in an emergency department, 1 (<1%) was hospitalized; none died. Of the 4 primary clinical signs and symptoms associated with Zika virus disease, 133 (94%) children had rash, 104 (74%) fever, 67 (48%) arthralgia, and 51 (36%) conjunctivitis. Fever, arthralgia, and myalgia were more common in older children (12‒17 years) than younger children (1‒11 years). Arthralgia, arthritis, edema, and myalgia were more common in adults compared to children. CONCLUSIONS This report supports previous findings that Zika virus disease is generally mild in children. The most common symptoms are similar to other childhood infections, and clinical findings and outcomes are similar to those in adults. Healthcare providers should consider a diagnosis of Zika virus infection in children with fever, rash, arthralgia, or conjunctivitis, who reside in or have traveled to an area where Zika virus transmission is occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole P Lindsey
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | | | - Emily Potts
- Indiana State Department of Health, Indianapolis
| | - Judie Hyun
- Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc Fischer
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - J Erin Staples
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Carro SD, Cherry S. Beyond the Surface: Endocytosis of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses. Viruses 2020; 13:E13. [PMID: 33374822 PMCID: PMC7824540 DOI: 10.3390/v13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a group of positive-sense RNA viruses that are primarily transmitted through arthropod vectors and are capable of causing a broad spectrum of diseases. Many of the flaviviruses that are pathogenic in humans are transmitted specifically through mosquito vectors. Over the past century, many mosquito-borne flavivirus infections have emerged and re-emerged, and are of global importance with hundreds of millions of infections occurring yearly. There is a need for novel, effective, and accessible vaccines and antivirals capable of inhibiting flavivirus infection and ameliorating disease. The development of therapeutics targeting viral entry has long been a goal of antiviral research, but most efforts are hindered by the lack of broad-spectrum potency or toxicities associated with on-target effects, since many host proteins necessary for viral entry are also essential for host cell biology. Mosquito-borne flaviviruses generally enter cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), and recent studies suggest that a subset of these viruses can be internalized through a specialized form of CME that has additional dependencies distinct from canonical CME pathways, and antivirals targeting this pathway have been discovered. In this review, we discuss the role and contribution of endocytosis to mosquito-borne flavivirus entry as well as consider past and future efforts to target endocytosis for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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Sharp TM, Quandelacy TM, Adams LE, Aponte JT, Lozier MJ, Ryff K, Flores M, Rivera A, Santiago GA, Muñoz-Jordán JL, Alvarado LI, Rivera-Amill V, Garcia-Negrón M, Waterman SH, Paz-Bailey G, Johansson MA, Rivera-Garcia B. Epidemiologic and spatiotemporal trends of Zika Virus disease during the 2016 epidemic in Puerto Rico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008532. [PMID: 32956416 PMCID: PMC7529257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged in the Americas, laboratory-based surveillance for arboviral diseases in Puerto Rico was adapted to include ZIKV disease. Methods and findings Suspected cases of arboviral disease reported to Puerto Rico Department of Health were tested for evidence of infection with Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses by RT-PCR and IgM ELISA. To describe spatiotemporal trends among confirmed ZIKV disease cases, we analyzed the relationship between municipality-level socio-demographic, climatic, and spatial factors, and both time to detection of the first ZIKV disease case and the midpoint of the outbreak. During November 2015–December 2016, a total of 71,618 suspected arboviral disease cases were reported, of which 39,717 (55.5%; 1.1 cases per 100 residents) tested positive for ZIKV infection. The epidemic peaked in August 2016, when 71.5% of arboviral disease cases reported weekly tested positive for ZIKV infection. Incidence of ZIKV disease was highest among 20–29-year-olds (1.6 cases per 100 residents), and most (62.3%) cases were female. The most frequently reported symptoms were rash (83.0%), headache (64.6%), and myalgia (63.3%). Few patients were hospitalized (1.2%), and 13 (<0.1%) died. Early detection of ZIKV disease cases was associated with increased population size (log hazard ratio [HR]: -0.22 [95% confidence interval -0.29, -0.14]), eastern longitude (log HR: -1.04 [-1.17, -0.91]), and proximity to a city (spline estimated degrees of freedom [edf] = 2.0). Earlier midpoints of the outbreak were associated with northern latitude (log HR: -0.30 [-0.32, -0.29]), eastern longitude (spline edf = 6.5), and higher mean monthly temperature (log HR: -0.04 [-0.05, -0.03]). Higher incidence of ZIKV disease was associated with lower mean precipitation, but not socioeconomic factors. Conclusions During the ZIKV epidemic in Puerto Rico, 1% of residents were reported to public health authorities and had laboratory evidence of ZIKV disease. Transmission was first detected in urban areas of eastern Puerto Rico, where transmission also peaked earlier. These trends suggest that ZIKV was first introduced to Puerto Rico in the east before disseminating throughout the island. During epidemics of Zika virus disease in the Americas in 2015 and 2016, assessment of transmission dynamics was limited by inconsistent laboratory testing of patients with suspected Zika virus disease. This limitation was further complicated by co-circulation of dengue and chikungunya viruses, which cause illnesses clinically similar to Zika virus disease. In Puerto Rico, all reported suspect cases of arboviral disease were tested for Zika, dengue, and chikungunya virus infection throughout the epidemic, which allowed for fine-scale analysis of epidemiologic and spatiotemporal trends. In total, 39,717 cases of Zika virus disease were detected, or roughly 1% of all residents of Puerto Rico. Young adults and females were most affected. Disease was mostly mild, as only 1% of cases were hospitalized. Thirteen patients with Zika virus disease died, most of whom had Guillain-Barré syndrome or severe underlying illnesses. Early detection of Zika virus disease cases was associated with more populated areas of eastern Puerto Rico, where early detection of peak case numbers also occurred, particularly in warmer areas. These trends suggest that, in contrast to prior epidemics of dengue and chikungunya that started in the San Juan metropolitan region, the Zika virus epidemic appears to have begun in eastern Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M. Sharp
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- US Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Talia M. Quandelacy
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Laura E. Adams
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- US Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jomil Torres Aponte
- Office of Epidemiology, Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Matthew J. Lozier
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- US Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kyle Ryff
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Mitchelle Flores
- Biological and Chemical Emergencies Laboratory, Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Aidsa Rivera
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Gilberto A. Santiago
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen H. Waterman
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- US Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Michael A. Johansson
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Brenda Rivera-Garcia
- Biological and Chemical Emergencies Laboratory, Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Hu Z, Chen W, Liang W, Xu C, Sun W, Yi Y. Severe exacerbation of immune thrombocytopenia and COVID-19: the favorable response to corticosteroid-based therapy-a case report. Ann Hematol 2020; 100:2135-2137. [PMID: 32500224 PMCID: PMC7270513 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Hu
- Nanjing Infectious Disease Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Wenyan Liang
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chuanjun Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Wenkui Sun
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Yongxiang Yi
- Nanjing Infectious Disease Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China.
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Serrano-Collazo C, Pérez-Guzmán EX, Pantoja P, Hassert MA, Rodríguez IV, Giavedoni L, Hodara V, Parodi L, Cruz L, Arana T, Martínez MI, White L, Brien JD, de Silva A, Pinto AK, Sariol CA. Effective control of early Zika virus replication by Dengue immunity is associated to the length of time between the 2 infections but not mediated by antibodies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008285. [PMID: 32463814 PMCID: PMC7255596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the contribution of virus-specific and cross-reacting antibodies (Abs) or the cellular immune response generated by a primary dengue (DENV) infection on the course of a secondary zika (ZIKV) infection in vivo. Here we show that the length of time between DENV/ZIKV infections has a qualitative impact on controlling early ZIKV replication. Depletion of DENV2-specific Abs in sera confirmed that those type-specific Abs do not contribute to ZIKV control. We show that the magnitude and durability of the neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) induced by a secondary ZIKV infection is modest compared to the response induced after a secondary heterologous DENV infection. Our in vivo results are showing a complex interplay between the cellular and innate immune responses characterized by a high frequency of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) correlating with an increase in the frequency of DENV antigen specific T cells and a significant control of ZIKV replication which is time dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that early after ZIKV infection other mechanisms such as the innate and cellular immune responses may play a predominant role in controlling ZIKV replication. Regardless of the time elapsed between infections there was no evidence of in vivo antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of ZIKV by DENV immunity. These findings have pivotal implications while interpreting ZIKV pathogenesis in flavivirus-experimented populations, diagnostic results interpretation and vaccine designs and schedules among others. From our previous work in non-human primates and others using humans, we believe that previous DENV immunity confers some degree of protection against ZIKV infection. However, at least two highly relevant questions remain unanswered. One is precisely if the time between primary DENV and a subsequent ZIKV infections may play a role in the degree of protection conferred by DENV immunity. The second question is related to the mechanisms of cross-protection. In this work we provide evidences that a period of 12 months between DENV and ZIKV infections has a significant impact controlling ZIKV replication compared to a shorter period of 3 months. We also provide evidences that the pre-existing DENV Abs play no role controlling early ZIKV replication. Our results strongly suggest that the mechanisms controlling ZIKV replication are related to the complex interaction between the innate and the cellular immune responses. Our results have significant implications for vaccine design and schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisanta Serrano-Collazo
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Erick X. Pérez-Guzmán
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Petraleigh Pantoja
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Mariah A. Hassert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Idia V. Rodríguez
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Luis Giavedoni
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vida Hodara
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura Parodi
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lorna Cruz
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Teresa Arana
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Melween I. Martínez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Laura White
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - James D. Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Aravinda de Silva
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Carlos A. Sariol
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Autophagy Contributes to Host Immunity and Protection against Zika Virus Infection via Type I IFN Signaling. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9527147. [PMID: 32410874 PMCID: PMC7204160 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9527147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that the Zika virus (ZIKV) has a significant impact on the fetal brain, and autophagy is contributing to host immune response and defense against virus infection. Here, we demonstrate that ZIKV infection triggered increased LC3 punctuation in mouse monocyte-macrophage cell line (RAW264.7), mouse microglial cell line (BV2), and hindbrain tissues, proving the occurrence of autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, manual intervention of autophagy, like deficiency inhibited by 3-MA, can reduce viral clearance in RAW264.7 cells upon ZIKV infection. Besides, specific siRNA strategy confirmed that autophagy can be activated through Atg7-Atg5 and type I IFN signaling pathway upon ZIKV infection, while knocking down of Atg7 and Atg5 effectively decreased the ZIKV clearance in phagocytes. Furthermore, we analyzed that type I IFN signaling could contribute to autophagic clearance of invaded ZIKV in phagocytes. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that ZIKV-induced autophagy is favorable to activate host immunity, particularly through type I IFN signaling, which participates in host protection and defense against ZIKV infection.
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An investigation into the knowledge, perceptions and role of personal protective technologies in Zika prevention in Colombia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007970. [PMID: 31961867 PMCID: PMC7010294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arboviruses transmitted by day-biting Aedes mosquitoes are a major public health concern. With the challenges inherent in arbovirus vaccine and therapeutics development, vector control and bite prevention strategies are among the limited options available for immediate intervention. Bite prevention through personal protective technologies (PPT), such as topical mosquito repellents or repellent-impregnated clothing, may help to decrease biting rates and, therefore, the risk of disease in groups most susceptible to adverse outcomes from Zika virus. However, achieving high uptake and compliance with PPT can be challenging. Methodology/Principal findings To gain an insight into the knowledge and concerns of pregnant women surrounding Zika and their opinions regarding PPT, particularly repellent clothing, a focus group study was carried out with pregnant women, women of reproductive age, and semi-structured interviews with their male partners in two cities in Colombia. The discussions revealed shortfalls in basic knowledge of Zika virus, with several pregnant participants reporting being unaware of the potential for Zika-related congenital malformations. Although participants generally considered Zika to be a significant personal threat, most rated it as less of a concern than dengue or diarrheal diseases. Overall, repellent clothing and other forms of PPT were viewed as effective, although some participants expressed concerns over the high costs of repellents, and safety fears of regular contact with repellent chemicals, which they perceived as potentially harmful. Plant-derived repellents were considered to be safer than synthetic chemical repellents. Discussions also highlighted that health centers were the preferred source of information on bite-reduction. Conclusions/Significance Achieving high uptake and compliance with PPT in populations most at risk of adverse outcomes from Zika infection requires engaging key users in open dialogue to identify and address any practical issues regarding PPT use, and concerns over safety. The findings presented here suggest that educational campaigns should strongly emphasize the risks associated with Zika during pregnancy, and discuss safety profiles of approved synthetic repellents and the availability of EPA-approved plant-based repellents. In addition, the economic and political context should be a major consideration when evaluating personal mosquito-repellent strategies. Although mosquito personal protective technologies (PPT), such as topical DEET or permethrin impregnated clothing, show high efficacy in laboratory studies, they frequently achieve poor population uptake. This is likely due to numerous factors, including high costs, dislike of the feel or smell of the product, and safety fears over the repellent chemicals. The targeted use of PPT to those at elevated risk of severe disease, such as pregnant women in Zika endemic regions, may help mitigate adverse outcomes from Zika virus infection. To explore ways of increasing the appeal of PPT, a focus group study was performed with pregnant women and women of reproductive age in two cities in Colombia. Although almost all participants had heard of Zika, not all pregnant women were aware of the potential for Zika-related birth defects. PPT products were generally viewed as effective, although many expressed fears that repeated exposure to chemicals may affect fetal development. There was limited trust over repellent-manufacturer claims of safety, and women from low socioeconomic groups believed PPT products to be unaffordable. Participants identified health centers as trusted sources of bite-prevention education, suggesting health workers should emphasize safety and efficacy of approved repellents.
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Martínez-Rojas PP, Quiroz-García E, Monroy-Martínez V, Agredano-Moreno LT, Jiménez-García LF, Ruiz-Ordaz BH. Participation of Extracellular Vesicles from Zika-Virus-Infected Mosquito Cells in the Modification of Naïve Cells' Behavior by Mediating Cell-to-Cell Transmission of Viral Elements. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010123. [PMID: 31947958 PMCID: PMC7016930 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, no safe vaccine or antivirals for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection have been found. The pathogenesis of severe Zika, where host and viral factors participate, remains unclear. For the control of Zika, it is important to understand how ZIKV interacts with different host cells. Knowledge of the targeted cellular pathways which allow ZIKV to productively replicate and/or establish prolonged viral persistence contributes to novel vaccines and therapies. Monocytes and endothelial vascular cells are the main ZIKV targets. During the infection process, cells are capable of releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are mediators of intercellular communication. We found that mosquito EVs released from ZIKV-infected (C6/36) cells carry viral RNA and ZIKV-E protein and are able to infect and activate naïve mosquito and mammalian cells. ZIKV C6/36 EVs promote the differentiation of naïve monocytes and induce a pro-inflammatory state with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expression. ZIKV C6/36 EVs participate in endothelial vascular cell damage by inducing coagulation (TF) and inflammation (PAR-1) receptors at the endothelial surface of the cell membranes and promote a pro-inflammatory state with increased endothelial permeability. These data suggest that ZIKV C6/36 EVs may contribute to the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection in human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pablo Martínez-Rojas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (E.Q.-G.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Elizabeth Quiroz-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (E.Q.-G.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Verónica Monroy-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (E.Q.-G.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Lourdes Teresa Agredano-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (L.T.A.-M.); (L.F.J.-G.)
| | - Luis Felipe Jiménez-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (L.T.A.-M.); (L.F.J.-G.)
| | - Blanca H. Ruiz-Ordaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México; (P.P.M.-R.); (E.Q.-G.); (V.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +521-55-56228931
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Yang D, Li NL, Wei D, Liu B, Guo F, Elbahesh H, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Chen GY, Li K. The E3 ligase TRIM56 is a host restriction factor of Zika virus and depends on its RNA-binding activity but not miRNA regulation, for antiviral function. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007537. [PMID: 31251739 PMCID: PMC6623546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by Zika virus (ZIKV) is linked to microcephaly and other neurological disorders, posing a significant health threat. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens, but relatively little is understood regarding host intrinsic mechanisms that guard against ZIKV. Here, we show that host tripartite motif-containing protein 56 (TRIM56) poses a barrier to ZIKV infection in cells of neural, epithelial and fibroblast origins. Overexpression of TRIM56, but not an E3 ligase-dead mutant or one lacking a short C-terminal portion, inhibited ZIKV RNA replication. Conversely, depletion of TRIM56 increased viral RNA levels. Although the C-terminal region of TRIM56 bears sequence homology to NHL repeat of TRIM-NHL proteins that regulate miRNA activity, knockout of Dicer, which abolishes production of miRNAs, had no demonstrable effect on ZIKV restriction imposed by TRIM56. Rather, we found that TRIM56 is an RNA-binding protein that associates with ZIKV RNA in infected cells. Moreover, a recombinant TRIM56 fragment comprising the C-terminal 392 residues captured ZIKV RNA in cell-free reactions, indicative of direct interaction. Remarkably, deletion of a short C-terminal tail portion abrogated the TRIM56-ZIKV RNA interaction, concomitant with a loss in antiviral activity. Altogether, our study reveals TRIM56 is an RNA binding protein that acts as a ZIKV restriction factor and provides new insights into the antiviral mechanism by which this E3 ligase tackles flavivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darong Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute at Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Nan L. Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Dahai Wei
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Baoming Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Fang Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, United States of America
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Yunzhi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Yun Chen
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute at Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review the range of dermatological signs seen in Zika infection and the possible relationship between the rash and viremia. We also hoped to explore the utility of mucocutaneous manifestations in narrowing the differential diagnosis from other similar flaviviruses. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical manifestations of Zika infection share many similarities with other mosquito-borne viruses such as dengue. These include non-specific symptoms such as a fever, rash, arthralgia, myalgia, and conjunctivitis. The morphology of the rash in Zika infection is not very specific and commonly described as maculopapular and centrifugal that usually extends to become diffuse. We reviewed 123 publications, encompassing a total of 368 Zika cases. One hundred seven cases with rash had sufficient data for detailed analysis. 8.4% of cases with rash had hemorrhagic manifestations such as palatal petechiae and bleeding ulcers. Only 20 reported cases were tested for viremia during presence of rash, and 70.6% of these cases were positive. While mucocutaneous complications are common in Zika infection, more research is necessary to determine the impact of rash on diagnosis, prognosis, and transmissibility in Zika infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Qi Koh
- National University Health System, NUHS Residency Program, Medical Affairs (Education)/Internal Medicine, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 10, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | | | - Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Disease), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Anfasa F, Goeijenbier M, Widagdo W, Siegers JY, Mumtaz N, Okba N, van Riel D, Rockx B, Koopmans MPG, Meijers JCM, Martina BEE. Zika Virus Infection Induces Elevation of Tissue Factor Production and Apoptosis on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:817. [PMID: 31068911 PMCID: PMC6491739 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is typically characterized by a mild disease presenting with fever, maculopapular rash, headache, fatigue, myalgia, and arthralgia. A recent animal study found that ZIKV-infected pregnant Ifnar -/-mice developed vascular damage in the placenta and reduced amount of fetal capillaries. Moreover, ZIKV infection causes segmental thrombosis in the umbilical cord of pregnant rhesus macaques. Furthermore, several case reports suggest that ZIKV infection cause coagulation disorders. These results suggest that ZIKV could cause an alteration in the host hemostatic response, however, the mechanism has not been investigated thus far. This paper aims to determine whether ZIKV infection on HUVECs induces apoptosis and elevation of tissue factor (TF) that leads to activation of secondary hemostasis. We infected HUVECs with two ZIKV strains and performed virus titration, immunostaining, and flow cytometry to confirm and quantify infection. We measured TF concentrations with flow cytometry and performed thrombin generation test (TGT) as a functional assay to assess secondary hemostasis. Furthermore, we determined the amount of cell death using flow cytometry. We also performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 production and conducted blocking experiments to associate these cytokines with TF expression. Both ZIKV strains infected and replicated to high titers in HUVECs. We found that infection induced elevation of TF expressions. We also showed that increased TF expression led to shortened TGT time. Moreover, the data revealed that infection induced apoptosis. In addition, there was a significant increase of IL-6 and IL-8 production in infected cells. Here we provide in vitro evidence that infection of HUVECs with ZIKV induces apoptosis and elevation of TF expression that leads to activation of secondary hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Anfasa
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marco Goeijenbier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Widagdo Widagdo
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jurre Y Siegers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Noreen Mumtaz
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nisreen Okba
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Debby van Riel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Barry Rockx
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost C M Meijers
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Byron E E Martina
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Artemis One Health Research Institute, Delft, Netherlands
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19
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Gorshkov K, Shiryaev SA, Fertel S, Lin YW, Huang CT, Pinto A, Farhy C, Strongin AY, Zheng W, Terskikh AV. Zika Virus: Origins, Pathological Action, and Treatment Strategies. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3252. [PMID: 30666246 PMCID: PMC6330993 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) global epidemic prompted the World Health Organization to declare it a 2016 Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The overwhelming experience over the past several years teaches us that ZIKV and the associated neurological complications represent a long-term world-wide challenge to public health. Although the number of ZIKV cases in the Western Hemisphere has dropped since 2016, the need for basic research and anti-ZIKV drug development remains strong. Re-emerging viruses like ZIKV are an ever-present threat in the 21st century where fast transcontinental travel lends itself to viral epidemics. Here, we first present the origin story for ZIKV and review the rapid progress researchers have made toward understanding of the ZIKV pathology and in the design, re-purposing, and testing–particularly in vivo–drug candidates for ZIKV prophylaxis and therapy ZIKV. Quite remarkably, a short, but intensive, drug-repurposing effort has already resulted in several readily available FDA-approved drugs that are capable of effectively combating the virus in infected adult mouse models and, most importantly, in both preventing maternal-fetal transmission and severe microcephaly in newborns in pregnant mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Gorshkov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sergey A Shiryaev
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sophie Fertel
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Chun-Teng Huang
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Antonella Pinto
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Chen Farhy
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alex Y Strongin
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alexey V Terskikh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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20
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Van Dyne EA, Neaterour P, Rivera A, Bello-Pagan M, Adams L, Munoz-Jordan J, Baez P, Garcia M, Waterman SH, Reyes N, Richardson LC, Rivera-Garcia B, Sharp TM. Incidence and Outcome of Severe and Nonsevere Thrombocytopenia Associated With Zika Virus Infection-Puerto Rico, 2016. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 6:ofy325. [PMID: 30631791 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with severe thrombocytopenia. We describe the incidence, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of patients with ZIKV infection and thrombocytopenia. Methods We reviewed medical records of patients with ZIKV infection and thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100 ×109 cells/L) in Puerto Rico during 2016. Severe thrombocytopenia was defined by platelet count <20 ×109/L or a platelet count <50 ×109/L and treatment for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Results Of 37 878 patients with ZIKV infection, 47 (0.1%) had thrombocytopenia in the absence of an alternative etiology (1.4 cases/100 000 population), including 12 with severe thrombocytopenia. Most patients with thrombocytopenia were adult (77%) and male (53%). Platelet nadir occurred a median (range) of 6 (1-16) and 5 (0-34) days after symptom onset for patients with severe and nonsevere thrombocytopenia, respectively. Among patients with severe thrombocytopenia, all had bleeding, 33% were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 8% died; 50% were treated for ITP. Among 5 patients with severe thrombocytopenia who received intravenous immunoglobulin, the median platelet count increase (range) was 112 (65-202) ×109/L. In contrast, among 4 patients who received platelet transfusion, the median increase in platelet count (range) was 8.5 (-6 to 52) ×109/L. Conclusions Patients with severe thrombocytopenia and ZIKV infection experienced prominent acute morbidity. Consistent with recommended management, administration of ITP treatments to such patients may be more efficacious than platelet transfusion in resolving thrombocytopenia. Severe thrombocytopenia should be considered a rare outcome of ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Van Dyne
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,United States Public Health Service, Silver Springs, Maryland
| | - Paige Neaterour
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Aidsa Rivera
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Laura Adams
- United States Public Health Service, Silver Springs, Maryland.,Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jorge Munoz-Jordan
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Myriam Garcia
- Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Stephen H Waterman
- United States Public Health Service, Silver Springs, Maryland.,Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Nimia Reyes
- Division of Blood Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lisa C Richardson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Tyler M Sharp
- United States Public Health Service, Silver Springs, Maryland.,Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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21
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Paz-Bailey G, Rosenberg ES, Doyle K, Munoz-Jordan J, Santiago GA, Klein L, Perez-Padilla J, Medina FA, Waterman SH, Gubern CG, Alvarado LI, Sharp TM. Persistence of Zika Virus in Body Fluids - Final Report. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:1234-1243. [PMID: 28195756 PMCID: PMC5831142 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1613108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To estimate the frequency and duration of detectable Zika virus (ZIKV) RNA in human body fluids, we prospectively assessed a cohort of newly infected participants in Puerto Rico. METHODS We evaluated samples obtained from 150 participants (including 55 men) in whom ZIKV RNA was detected on reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay in urine or blood in an enhanced arboviral clinical surveillance site. We collected serum, urine, saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions weekly for the first month and then at 2, 4, and 6 months. All specimens were tested by means of RT-PCR, and serum was tested with the use of anti-ZIKV IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among the participants with ZIKV RNA in any specimen at week 4, biweekly collection continued until all specimens tested negative. We used parametric Weibull regression models to estimate the time until the loss of ZIKV RNA detection in each body fluid and reported the findings in medians and 95th percentiles. RESULTS The medians and 95th percentiles for the time until the loss of ZIKV RNA detection were 14 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 11 to 17) and 54 days (95% CI, 43 to 64), respectively, in serum; 8 days (95% CI, 6 to 10) and 39 days (95% CI, 31 to 47) in urine; and 34 days (95% CI, 28 to 41) and 81 days (95% CI, 64 to 98) in semen. Few participants had detectable ZIKV RNA in saliva or vaginal secretions. CONCLUSIONS The prolonged time until ZIKV RNA clearance in serum in this study may have implications for the diagnosis and prevention of ZIKV infection. Current sexual-prevention guidelines recommend that men use condoms or abstain from sex for 6 months after ZIKV exposure; in 95% of the men in this study, ZIKV RNA was cleared from semen after about 3 months. (Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- From the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (G.P.-B., K.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology, Emory University (E.S.R.), Atlanta; and the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (J.M.-J., G.A.S., J.P.-P., F.A.M., S.H.W., T.M.S.), and Caduceus Healthcare (L.K.), San Juan, and Ponce University School of Medicine-Saint Luke's Episcopal Hospital Consortium, Ponce (C.G.G., L.I.A.) - all in Puerto Rico
| | - Eli S Rosenberg
- From the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (G.P.-B., K.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology, Emory University (E.S.R.), Atlanta; and the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (J.M.-J., G.A.S., J.P.-P., F.A.M., S.H.W., T.M.S.), and Caduceus Healthcare (L.K.), San Juan, and Ponce University School of Medicine-Saint Luke's Episcopal Hospital Consortium, Ponce (C.G.G., L.I.A.) - all in Puerto Rico
| | - Kate Doyle
- From the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (G.P.-B., K.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology, Emory University (E.S.R.), Atlanta; and the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (J.M.-J., G.A.S., J.P.-P., F.A.M., S.H.W., T.M.S.), and Caduceus Healthcare (L.K.), San Juan, and Ponce University School of Medicine-Saint Luke's Episcopal Hospital Consortium, Ponce (C.G.G., L.I.A.) - all in Puerto Rico
| | - Jorge Munoz-Jordan
- From the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (G.P.-B., K.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology, Emory University (E.S.R.), Atlanta; and the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (J.M.-J., G.A.S., J.P.-P., F.A.M., S.H.W., T.M.S.), and Caduceus Healthcare (L.K.), San Juan, and Ponce University School of Medicine-Saint Luke's Episcopal Hospital Consortium, Ponce (C.G.G., L.I.A.) - all in Puerto Rico
| | - Gilberto A Santiago
- From the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (G.P.-B., K.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology, Emory University (E.S.R.), Atlanta; and the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (J.M.-J., G.A.S., J.P.-P., F.A.M., S.H.W., T.M.S.), and Caduceus Healthcare (L.K.), San Juan, and Ponce University School of Medicine-Saint Luke's Episcopal Hospital Consortium, Ponce (C.G.G., L.I.A.) - all in Puerto Rico
| | - Liore Klein
- From the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (G.P.-B., K.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology, Emory University (E.S.R.), Atlanta; and the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (J.M.-J., G.A.S., J.P.-P., F.A.M., S.H.W., T.M.S.), and Caduceus Healthcare (L.K.), San Juan, and Ponce University School of Medicine-Saint Luke's Episcopal Hospital Consortium, Ponce (C.G.G., L.I.A.) - all in Puerto Rico
| | - Janice Perez-Padilla
- From the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (G.P.-B., K.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology, Emory University (E.S.R.), Atlanta; and the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (J.M.-J., G.A.S., J.P.-P., F.A.M., S.H.W., T.M.S.), and Caduceus Healthcare (L.K.), San Juan, and Ponce University School of Medicine-Saint Luke's Episcopal Hospital Consortium, Ponce (C.G.G., L.I.A.) - all in Puerto Rico
| | - Freddy A Medina
- From the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (G.P.-B., K.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology, Emory University (E.S.R.), Atlanta; and the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (J.M.-J., G.A.S., J.P.-P., F.A.M., S.H.W., T.M.S.), and Caduceus Healthcare (L.K.), San Juan, and Ponce University School of Medicine-Saint Luke's Episcopal Hospital Consortium, Ponce (C.G.G., L.I.A.) - all in Puerto Rico
| | - Stephen H Waterman
- From the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (G.P.-B., K.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology, Emory University (E.S.R.), Atlanta; and the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (J.M.-J., G.A.S., J.P.-P., F.A.M., S.H.W., T.M.S.), and Caduceus Healthcare (L.K.), San Juan, and Ponce University School of Medicine-Saint Luke's Episcopal Hospital Consortium, Ponce (C.G.G., L.I.A.) - all in Puerto Rico
| | - Carlos Garcia Gubern
- From the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (G.P.-B., K.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology, Emory University (E.S.R.), Atlanta; and the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (J.M.-J., G.A.S., J.P.-P., F.A.M., S.H.W., T.M.S.), and Caduceus Healthcare (L.K.), San Juan, and Ponce University School of Medicine-Saint Luke's Episcopal Hospital Consortium, Ponce (C.G.G., L.I.A.) - all in Puerto Rico
| | - Luisa I Alvarado
- From the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (G.P.-B., K.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology, Emory University (E.S.R.), Atlanta; and the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (J.M.-J., G.A.S., J.P.-P., F.A.M., S.H.W., T.M.S.), and Caduceus Healthcare (L.K.), San Juan, and Ponce University School of Medicine-Saint Luke's Episcopal Hospital Consortium, Ponce (C.G.G., L.I.A.) - all in Puerto Rico
| | - Tyler M Sharp
- From the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (G.P.-B., K.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology, Emory University (E.S.R.), Atlanta; and the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (J.M.-J., G.A.S., J.P.-P., F.A.M., S.H.W., T.M.S.), and Caduceus Healthcare (L.K.), San Juan, and Ponce University School of Medicine-Saint Luke's Episcopal Hospital Consortium, Ponce (C.G.G., L.I.A.) - all in Puerto Rico
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22
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Structurally- and dynamically-driven allostery of the chymotrypsin-like proteases of SARS, Dengue and Zika viruses. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 143:52-66. [PMID: 30217495 PMCID: PMC7111307 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus 3C-like and Flavivirus NS2B-NS3 proteases utilize the chymotrypsin fold to harbor their catalytic machineries but also contain additional domains/co-factors. Over the past decade, we aimed to decipher how the extra domains/co-factors mediate the catalytic machineries of SARS 3C-like, Dengue and Zika NS2B-NS3 proteases by characterizing their folding, structures, dynamics and inhibition with NMR, X-ray crystallography and MD simulations, and the results revealed: 1) the chymotrypsin fold of the SARS 3C-like protease can independently fold, while, by contrast, those of Dengue and Zika proteases lack the intrinsic capacity to fold without co-factors. 2) Mutations on the extra domain of SARS 3C-like protease can transform the active catalytic machinery into the inactive collapsed state by structurally-driven allostery. 3) Amazingly, even without detectable structural changes, mutations on the extra domain are sufficient to either inactivate or enhance the catalytic machinery of SARS 3C-like protease by dynamically-driven allostery. 4) Global networks of correlated motions have been identified: for SARS 3C-like protease, N214A inactivates the catalytic machinery by decoupling the network, while STI/A and STIF/A enhance by altering the patterns of the network. The global networks of Dengue and Zika proteases are coordinated by their NS2B-cofactors. 5) Natural products were identified to allosterically inhibit Zika and Dengue proteases through binding a pocket on the back of the active site. Therefore, by introducing extra domains/cofactors, nature develops diverse strategies to regulate the catalytic machinery embedded on the chymotrypsin fold through folding, structurally- and dynamically-driven allostery, all of which might be exploited to develop antiviral drugs.
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23
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Bowen JR, Zimmerman MG, Suthar MS. Taking the defensive: Immune control of Zika virus infection. Virus Res 2018; 254:21-26. [PMID: 28867493 PMCID: PMC5832569 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ZIKV is a neurotropic mosquito-borne flavivirus that has recently emerged in the Americas and is a pathogen of significant public health concern across the world. ZIKV was first isolated in Uganda in 1947 and remained dormant in Africa and Asia for decades, with sporadic outbreaks characterized by a mild self-limiting disease in humans. The emergence of ZIKV in the Americas corresponded with enhanced disease severity and congenital Zika syndrome, a phenotype characterized by severe microcephaly, brain anomalies, ocular anomalies, congenital contractures and neurological impairments. In less than two years, a collective effort led by the scientific research community has uncovered many new facets to the once rarely discussed ZIKV. In this review, we highlight the known immune parameters that correlate with protective immunity to ZIKV infection, including pattern recognition receptors, interferons, humoral and cell-mediated responses, as well as countermeasures utilized by ZIKV to inhibit host antiviral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Bowen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Matthew G Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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24
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Vogt MB, Lahon A, Arya RP, Kneubehl AR, Spencer Clinton JL, Paust S, Rico-Hesse R. Mosquito saliva alone has profound effects on the human immune system. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006439. [PMID: 29771921 PMCID: PMC5957326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito saliva is a very complex concoction of >100 proteins, many of which have unknown functions. The effects of mosquito saliva proteins injected into our skin during blood feeding have been studied mainly in mouse models of injection or biting, with many of these systems producing results that may not be relevant to human disease. Here, we describe the numerous effects that mosquito bites have on human immune cells in mice engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells. We used flow cytometry and multiplex cytokine bead array assays, with detailed statistical analyses, to detect small but significant variations in immune cell functions after 4 mosquitoes fed on humanized mice footpads. After preliminary analyses, at different early times after biting, we focused on assessing innate immune and subsequent cellular responses at 6 hours, 24 hours and 7 days after mosquito bites. We detected both Th1 and Th2 human immune responses, and delayed effects on cytokine levels in the blood, and immune cell compositions in the skin and bone marrow, up to 7 days post-bites. These are the first measurements of this kind, with human immune responses in whole animals, bitten by living mosquitoes, versus previous studies using incomplete mouse models and salivary gland extracts or needle injected saliva. The results have major implications for the study of hematophagous insect saliva, its effects on the human immune system, with or without pathogen transmission, and the possibility of determining which of these proteins to target for vaccination, in attempts to block transmission of numerous tropical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B. Vogt
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anismrita Lahon
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ravi P. Arya
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander R. Kneubehl
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Spencer Clinton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Rico-Hesse
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Esposito DLA, de Moraes JB, Antônio Lopes da Fonseca B. Current priorities in the Zika response. Immunology 2018; 153:435-442. [PMID: 29243225 PMCID: PMC5838418 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a single-stranded RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family, is an arbovirus (viruses transmitted by arthropods) transmitted to humans and non-human primates through the bites of infected female Aedes sp. mosquitoes. Although first isolated in 1947, it only recently emerged as a global threat, present in several countries resulting in a pandemic scenario. ZIKV infections may have severe outcomes, such as neurological impairment, and with the intrinsic ability of inducing microcephaly in fetuses of infected pregnant women, the virus has become a major public health problem. This review discusses some advances in diagnosis; vaccine development and the problems associated with their administration; the importance of the cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses in protecting or worsening the disease; the implications of the recent outbreak caused by the virus in the world; and future prospects for the complete understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danillo L. A. Esposito
- Department of Internal MedicineRibeirão Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Jonathan B. de Moraes
- Graduate Studies Programme on Basic and Applied ImmunologyRibeirão Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
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26
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Pastula DM, Durrant JC, Smith DE, Beckham JD, Tyler KL. Zika Virus Disease for the Neurointensivist. Neurocrit Care 2018; 26:457-463. [PMID: 27995511 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-016-0333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne and sexually transmitted flavivirus currently spreading throughout the Pacific and Western Hemisphere. ZIKV infection is often either asymptomatic or causes a self-limiting illness with symptoms such as rash, fever, myalgia, arthralgia, headache, or conjunctivitis. Rarely, ZIKV infection has been associated with conditions such as severe thrombocytopenia, microcephaly and other developmental abnormalities, acute polyneuropathy/Guillain-Barré syndrome, myelitis, meningoencephalitis, transient encephalopathy, provoked seizures, and various ophthalmologic conditions. Optimal treatment of these ZIKV-associated conditions is currently unclear and is largely guided by expert opinion or case reports/series. Further studies are needed to establish best treatment practices. This review concentrates on caring by neurointensivists for the patient affected with Zika virus-expected to flare up again in the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Pastula
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 12401 East 17th Avenue, Mailstop L950, Room 486, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Julia C Durrant
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Daniel E Smith
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 12401 East 17th Avenue, Mailstop L950, Room 486, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - J David Beckham
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 12401 East 17th Avenue, Mailstop L950, Room 486, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth L Tyler
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 12401 East 17th Avenue, Mailstop L950, Room 486, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has gained recognition over the past few years as an important new cause of congenital infection. As a result, it is critical that pediatricians understand its epidemiology, clinical presentation, clinical sequelae, and management. RECENT FINDINGS The recent ZIKV epidemiology, clinical presentation of acute infection in children and complications, perinatal infection, and congenital infection will be summarized in this ZIKV review. This will be followed by a brief summary on ZIKV diagnosis, management, treatment, and prevention. SUMMARY The field of clinical research in ZIKV has rapidly evolved over recent months. It is critical that pediatricians continue to stay up-to-date with the continuously evolving understanding of the clinical aspects of ZIKV to ensure optimal identification and management of affected infants and children. Given the recent changes in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines to limit screening of asymptomatic pregnant women in the United States with possible ZIKV exposure, comprehensive ZIKV clinical knowledge becomes even more crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Adachi
- David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1406, U.S
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Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) causes mostly asymptomatic infection or mild febrile illness. However, with an increasing number of patients, various clinical features such as microcephaly, Guillain-Barré syndrome and thrombocytopenia have also been reported. To determine which host factors are related to pathogenesis, the E protein of ZIKV was analyzed with the Informational Spectrum Method, which identifies common information encoded by primary structures of the virus and the respective host protein. The data showed that the ZIKV E protein and the complement component C1q cross-spectra are characterized by a single dominant peak at the frequency F = 0.338, suggesting similar biological properties. Indeed, C1q-specific antibodies were detected in sera obtained from mice and monkeys infected with ZIKV. As C1q has been known to be involved not only in immunity, but also in synaptic organization and different autoimmune diseases, a ZIKV-induced anti-C1q antibody response may contribute to the neurological complications. These findings might also be exploited for the design of safe and efficacious vaccines in the future.
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Abstract
Long known to be endemic in Africa and Southeast Asia and a rare cause of acute febrile illness, Zika virus (ZIKAV) arose from obscurity when an Asian genotype ZIKAV caused an outbreak of mild febrile illness in 2007 in Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia. Subsequent viral spread in the Pacific led to a large outbreak in French Polynesia commencing in 2013. After its recognition in the Americas through March 2017, the Pan American Health Organization has received reports of >750000 suspected and laboratory-confirmed cases of autochthonous ZIKAV transmission. Outbreaks in most countries in the Americas peaked in early to mid-2016. Increased surveillance in several Southeast Asian counties has led to increased case recognition, including an outbreak in Singapore, and the first reports of birth defects linked to ZIKAV in the region. As of April 2017, the World Health Organization reported 84 countries or territories with current or previous ZIKAV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Hills
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Marc Fischer
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lyle R Petersen
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Wen J, Elong Ngono A, Regla-Nava JA, Kim K, Gorman MJ, Diamond MS, Shresta S. Dengue virus-reactive CD8 + T cells mediate cross-protection against subsequent Zika virus challenge. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1459. [PMID: 29129917 PMCID: PMC5682281 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are antigenically related flaviviruses that share cross-reactivity in antibody and T cell responses, and co-circulate in increasing numbers of countries. Whether pre-existing DENV immunity can cross-protect or enhance ZIKV infection during sequential infection of the same host is unknown. Here, we show that DENV-immune Ifnar1−/− or wild-type C57BL/6 mice infected with ZIKV have cross-reactive immunity to subsequent ZIKV infection and pathogenesis. Adoptive transfer and cell depletion studies demonstrate that DENV-immune CD8+ T cells predominantly mediate cross-protective responses to ZIKV. In contrast, passive transfer studies suggest that DENV-immune serum does not protect against ZIKV infection. Thus, CD8+ T cell immunity generated during primary DENV infection can confer protection against secondary ZIKV infection in mice. Further optimization of current DENV vaccines for T cell responses might confer cross-protection and prevent antibody-mediated enhancement of ZIKV infection. Dengue virus-specific antibody and CD8+ T cells that cross-react with Zika virus have been described. Here, the authors establish a functionally protective role for cross-reactive dengue virus-specific CD8+ T cells during challenge with Zika virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Wen
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Institute of Arboviruses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Annie Elong Ngono
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jose Angel Regla-Nava
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kenneth Kim
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Matthew J Gorman
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Institute of Arboviruses, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China. .,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA.
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31
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Sariol CA, Nogueira ML, Vasilakis N. A Tale of Two Viruses: Does Heterologous Flavivirus Immunity Enhance Zika Disease? Trends Microbiol 2017; 26:186-190. [PMID: 29122447 PMCID: PMC6530781 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The rise of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its unusual clinical manifestations provided ground for speculative debate. The clinical severity of secondary dengue virus (DENV) infections is associated with antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), and it was recently suggested that previous exposure to DENV may worsen ZIKV clinical outcomes. In this Opinion article we analyze the relationship among different flaviviruses and ADE. We discuss new evidence obtained in non-human primates and human cohorts demonstrating that there is no correlation to ADE when ZIKV infection occurs in the presence of pre-existing DENV immunity. We propose a redefinition of ADE in the context of complex immunological flavivirus interactions to provide a more objective perspective when translating in vitro or in vivo observations into the clinical setting. Zika virus (ZIKV) caused atypical clinical manifestations in areas with previous exposure to other flaviruses. Different dengue–ZIKV cross-reacting antibodies neutralize or enhance ZIKV in vitro, but the percentage of dengue immune serum neutralizing ZIKV is very low. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of ZIKV by dengue and West Nile immune sera has been shown in vitro and induced in immunosuppressed mice by dengue and West Nile immune sera. No ADE of ZIKV by previous dengue immunity was detected in non-human primates. No ADE of ZIKV was documented in a human cohort previously exposed to dengue. ADE needs to be redefined in the context of clinical outcomes. In vitro and experimental results in small animals need to be carefully weighed when translating results to humans. Prospective epidemiological and clinical studies are needed to reassure that previous exposure to dengue or other flaviviruses does not increase the pathogenesis of ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Sariol
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico - Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA; Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico - Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Puerto Rico - Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA.
| | | | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Elsinga J, van der Veen HT, Gerstenbluth I, Burgerhof JGM, Dijkstra A, Grobusch MP, Tami A, Bailey A. Community participation in mosquito breeding site control: an interdisciplinary mixed methods study in Curaçao. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:434. [PMID: 28927437 PMCID: PMC5606078 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the arboviral diseases dengue, chikungunya and Zika emerge in the Americas, so does the need for sustainable vector control policies. To successfully achieve mosquito control, joint efforts of both communities and governments are essential. This study investigates this important, but by-and-large neglected topic. METHODS In June and July 2015, a cross-sectional mixed methods study applying a survey questionnaire (response rate of 82.5%; n = 339), in-depth interviews (n = 20) and focus group discussions (n = 7; 50 participants) was performed in Curaçao. The study was designed based on an integrated theoretical framework of the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. RESULTS Participants showed a good knowledge of, and a high-level performance of mosquito breeding site control (MBSC) practices. Personal protection against mosquitoes (e.g. topical repellents) was perceived as relatively less effective thus practiced to lower extent compared to MBSC practices (i.e. larval source management). A lower intention to perform MBSC was independently associated with: (i) satisfaction on governmental MBSC (P = 0.012); (ii) barriers to perform MBSC practices, i.e. 'Government doesn't control other breeding sites' (P = 0.005), 'Don't know how to control breeding sites' (P = 0.041), and 'a mosquito does not transmit dengue' (P = 0.016), (iii) attitudes towards MBSC (P = 0.001) and self-efficacy (person's perceived ability to act) to perform MBSC (P = 0.002). Mixed-methods evidence highlights three possible ways of improving community participation in MBSC. First, it highlights the need for ongoing media coverage, targeting (i) communities' perceptions on transmission routes of dengue and chikungunya, and (ii) presence of car tires in yards. Secondly, it shows that promotion of governmental activities in MBSC can enhance MBSC of communities, if people develop a sense of responsibility to perform MBSC at their own properties. Thirdly, this study describes the presence of key persons in communities, who could be engaged in mosquito control policies to improve MBSC in neighbourhoods. CONCLUSION This study reveals gaps between policy and communities' lived realities. These gaps might be overcome with the proposed interventions, resulting in a higher performance of MBSC in the community in Curaçao. Furthermore, this study shows how interdisciplinary mixed methods research can provide important, comprehensive, and in-depth insights to inform mosquito control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelte Elsinga
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Henry T van der Veen
- Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Izzy Gerstenbluth
- Curaçao Biomedical & Health Research Institute, Willemstad, The Netherlands, Curaçao.,Epidemiology and Research Unit, Medical and Public Health Service of Curaçao, Willemstad, The Netherlands, Curaçao
| | - Johannes G M Burgerhof
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Dijkstra
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin P Grobusch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana Tami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ajay Bailey
- Population Research Center, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Dr. T. M. A. Pai Endowed Chair in Qualitative Methods, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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A unique case of human Zika virus infection in association with severe liver injury and coagulation disorders. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11393. [PMID: 28900143 PMCID: PMC5595821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused major concern globally due to its rapid dissemination and close association with microcephaly in children and Gullian-Barr syndrome in adults. In this study, we identified a patient returned from Cambodia who experienced high fever, chill and myalgia. Lab tests discovered sign of severe liver injury including significantly elevated serum transaminases’ level, decreased serum albumin level, and markedly increased levels of lactic dehydrogenase, alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in serum. Moreover, severe thrombocytopenia and altered blood levels of fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation product were also observed, indicating the existence of clotting disorders. A ZIKV strain clustered into the Asian lineage was isolated from the patient’s serum. When inoculated into suckling mice, this virus significantly retarded mouse body-weight gain and caused 70% mortality. Our results demonstrate a close association between ZIKV and severe liver injury and coagulation disorders and suggest that clinicians should be aware of compatible symptoms in patients and manage them accordingly.
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Neaterour P, Rivera A, Galloway RL, Negrón MG, Rivera-Garcia B, Sharp TM. Fatal Leptospira spp./Zika Virus Coinfection-Puerto Rico, 2016. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:1085-1087. [PMID: 28722594 PMCID: PMC5637617 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coinfection with pathogens that cause acute febrile illness (AFI) can complicate patient diagnosis and management. This report describes a fatal case of Leptospira spp./Zika virus (ZIKV) coinfection in Puerto Rico. The patient presented with a 5-day history of AFI; reported behavioral risk factors for leptospirosis; was diagnosed with possible leptospirosis, dengue, chikungunya, or ZIKV disease; and received appropriate treatment for leptospirosis and dengue. Following a 3-day hospitalization, the patient died due to acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and kidney and liver failure. Serologic diagnostic testing for leptospirosis and ZIKV disease was negative; however, molecular diagnostic testing performed postmortem was positive for detection of Leptospira spp. and ZIKV nucleic acid. This case demonstrates the need for continued clinical awareness of leptospirosis in areas experiencing outbreaks of pathogens that cause AFI and the need for evaluation of coinfection with AFI-causing pathogens as a risk factor for increased severity of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Neaterour
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Aidsa Rivera
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Renee L Galloway
- Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Tyler M Sharp
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Roy A, Lim L, Srivastava S, Lu Y, Song J. Solution conformations of Zika NS2B-NS3pro and its inhibition by natural products from edible plants. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180632. [PMID: 28700665 PMCID: PMC5503262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent Zika viral (ZIKV) epidemic has been associated with severe neurological pathologies such as neonatal microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome but unfortunately no vaccine or medication is effectively available yet. Zika NS2B-NS3pro is essential for the proteolysis of the viral polyprotein and thereby viral replication. Thus NS2B-NS3pro represents an attractive target for anti-Zika drug discovery/design. Here, we have characterized the solution conformations and catalytic parameters of both linked and unlinked Zika NS2B-NS3pro complexes and found that the unlinked complex manifested well-dispersed NMR spectra. Subsequently with selective isotope-labeling using NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrated that C-terminal residues (R73-K100) of NS2B is highly disordered without any stable tertiary and secondary structures in the Zika NS2B-NS3pro complex in the free state. Upon binding to the well-characterized serine protease inhibitor, bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), only the extreme C-terminal residues (L86-K100) remain disordered. Additionally, we have identified five flavonoids and one natural phenol rich in edible plants including fruits and vegetables, which inhibit Zika NS2B-NS3pro in a non-competitive mode, with Ki ranging from 770 nM for Myricetin to 34.02 μM for Apigenin. Molecular docking showed that they all bind to a pocket on the back of the active site and their structure-activity relationship was elucidated. Our study provides valuable insights into the solution conformation of Zika NS2B-NS3pro and further deciphers its susceptibility towards allosteric inhibition by natural products. As these natural product inhibitors fundamentally differ from the currently-known active site inhibitors in terms of both inhibitory mode and chemical scaffold, our finding might open a new avenue for development of better allosteric inhibitors to fight ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liangzhong Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shagun Srivastava
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yimei Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianxing Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Interrelationship between Climatic, Ecologic, Social, and Cultural Determinants Affecting Dengue Emergence and Transmission in Puerto Rico and Their Implications for Zika Response. J Trop Med 2017; 2017:8947067. [PMID: 28717366 PMCID: PMC5498925 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8947067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The global resurgence of dengue has been attributed to rapid population growth, urban expansion, increased air travel, globalization, and climate change. Dengue is now endemic in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico is at risk for Zika, another emerging arbovirus. The interrelationship between climatic, ecological, social, and cultural factors that affect dengue and other arboviruses' transmission is understudied. Design The objective of this systematic review is to examine the interrelationship between climatic, ecological, social, and cultural factors on dengue transmission in Puerto Rico and to draw lessons for Zika response. Results A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed journal articles was performed, producing 562 articles; 26 were selected for this review. Findings indicate that human activities and behaviors (urbanization, migration, and consumption) as well as climate have a significant impact on the abundance and the transmission potential of Ae. aegypti, the vector for dengue, Zika, and other viruses. Conclusion Despite the public health burden of dengue limited investments have been made in research and surveillance. Future research is needed to develop models that integrate the multivariate effects of climatic, ecological, social, and cultural factors, which for Puerto Rico have mostly been examined independently. Such models have the potential to inform response to dengue, Zika, and other arboviruses.
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Singh MV, Weber EA, Singh VB, Stirpe NE, Maggirwar SB. Preventive and therapeutic challenges in combating Zika virus infection: are we getting any closer? J Neurovirol 2017; 23:347-357. [PMID: 28116673 PMCID: PMC5440476 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-017-0513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The neuroteratogenic nature of Zika Virus (ZIKV) infection has converted what would have been a tropical disease into a global threat. Zika is transmitted vertically via infected placental cells especially in the first and second trimesters. In the developing central nervous system (CNS), ZIKV can infect and induce apoptosis of neural progenitor cells subsequently causing microcephaly as well as other neuronal complications in infants. Its ability to infect multiple cell types (placental, dermal, and neural) and increased environmental stability as compared to other flaviviruses (FVs) has broadened the transmission routes for ZIKV infection from vector-mediated to transmitted via body fluids. To further complicate the matters, it is genetically similar (about 40%) with the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV), so much so that it can almost be called a fifth DENV serotype. This homology poses the risk of causing cross-reactive immune responses and subsequent antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection in case of secondary infections or for immunized individuals. All of these factors complicate the development of a single preventive vaccine candidate or a pharmacological intervention that will completely eliminate or cure ZIKV infection. We discuss all of these factors in detail in this review and conclude that a combinatorial approach including immunization and treatment might prove to be the winning strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera V Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Emily A Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Vir B Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Nicole E Stirpe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Sanjay B Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
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Chevalier MS, Biggerstaff BJ, Basavaraju SV, Ocfemia MCB, Alsina JO, Climent-Peris C, Moseley RR, Chung KW, Rivera-García B, Bello-Pagán M, Pate LL, Galel SA, Williamson P, Kuehnert MJ. Use of Blood Donor Screening Data to Estimate Zika Virus Incidence, Puerto Rico, April-August 2016. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23:790-795. [PMID: 28263141 PMCID: PMC5403024 DOI: 10.3201/eid2305.161873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerto Rico has been heavily impacted by Zika virus, a mosquitoborne flavivirus that emerged in the Americas during 2015. Although most persons with Zika virus show no symptoms, the virus can cause neurologic and other complications, including fetal microcephaly. Local Zika virus transmission in Puerto Rico has been reported since December 2015. To prevent transfusion-associated transmission, local blood collection ceased in March 2016 but resumed in April 2016 after Zika virus screening of blood donations became available. Using data from screening of blood donations collected by the 2 largest blood centers in Puerto Rico during April 3-August 12, 2016, and assuming a 9.9-day duration of viremia, we estimated that 469,321 persons in Puerto Rico were infected during this period, for an estimated cumulative incidence of 12.9%. Results from blood donation screening during arboviral outbreaks can supplement routine clinical and surveillance data for improved targeting of prevention efforts.
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Boyer Chammard T, Schepers K, Breurec S, Messiaen T, Destrem AL, Mahevas M, Soulillou A, Janaud L, Curlier E, Herrmann-Storck C, Hoen B. Severe Thrombocytopenia after Zika Virus Infection, Guadeloupe, 2016. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23:696-698. [PMID: 27997330 PMCID: PMC5367410 DOI: 10.3201/eid2304.161967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe thrombocytopenia during or after the course of Zika virus infection has been rarely reported. We report 7 cases of severe thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic signs and symptoms in Guadeloupe after infection with this virus. Clinical course and laboratory findings strongly suggest a causal link between Zika virus infection and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia.
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40
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Duca LM, Beckham JD, Tyler KL, Pastula DM. Zika Virus Disease and Associated Neurologic Complications. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2017; 19:4. [PMID: 28220392 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-017-0557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this article is to review what is currently known about Zika virus (ZIKV) disease and associated neurologic complications. RECENT FINDINGS ZIKV is a mosquito-borne or sexually transmitted flavivirus rapidly spreading throughout the Americas. While ZIKV infection is usually asymptomatic, it may cause a non-specific illness with fever, rash, myalgia, headache, and/or non-purulent conjunctivitis. Additionally, ZIKV has been associated with a number of neurologic complications including microcephaly and other birth defects, Guillain-Barré syndrome, meningoencephalitis, myelitis, and various ophthalmologic abnormalities. Treatment for ZIKV disease is supportive. Those in ZIKV endemic areas should protect themselves from mosquito bites by wearing insect repellent, wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants when outdoors, and/or using air conditioning or window screens when indoors. Furthermore, unprotected sexual intercourse should be temporarily avoided by those who recently traveled to endemic areas. Suspected ZIKV disease cases should be reported to local, state, or territorial health departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Duca
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J David Beckham
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kenneth L Tyler
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel M Pastula
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA. .,University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12401 East 17th Avenue, Room 486, Mailstop L950, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Bowen JR, Quicke KM, Maddur MS, O’Neal JT, McDonald CE, Fedorova NB, Puri V, Shabman RS, Pulendran B, Suthar MS. Zika Virus Antagonizes Type I Interferon Responses during Infection of Human Dendritic Cells. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006164. [PMID: 28152048 PMCID: PMC5289613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that is causally linked to severe neonatal birth defects, including microcephaly, and is associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults. Dendritic cells (DCs) are an important cell type during infection by multiple mosquito-borne flaviviruses, including dengue virus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and yellow fever virus. Despite this, the interplay between ZIKV and DCs remains poorly defined. Here, we found human DCs supported productive infection by a contemporary Puerto Rican isolate with considerable variability in viral replication, but not viral binding, between DCs from different donors. Historic isolates from Africa and Asia also infected DCs with distinct viral replication kinetics between strains. African lineage viruses displayed more rapid replication kinetics and infection magnitude as compared to Asian lineage viruses, and uniquely induced cell death. Infection of DCs with both contemporary and historic ZIKV isolates led to minimal up-regulation of T cell co-stimulatory and MHC molecules, along with limited secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Inhibition of type I interferon (IFN) protein translation was observed during ZIKV infection, despite strong induction at the RNA transcript level and up-regulation of other host antiviral proteins. Treatment of human DCs with RIG-I agonist potently restricted ZIKV replication, while type I IFN had only modest effects. Mechanistically, we found all strains of ZIKV antagonized type I IFN-mediated phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. Combined, our findings show that ZIKV subverts DC immunogenicity during infection, in part through evasion of type I IFN responses, but that the RLR signaling pathway is still capable of inducing an antiviral state, and therefore may serve as an antiviral therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Bowen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kendra M. Quicke
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mohan S. Maddur
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Justin T. O’Neal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Circe E. McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nadia B. Fedorova
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vinita Puri
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Reed S. Shabman
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mehul S. Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Goodman AB, Dziuban EJ, Powell K, Bitsko RH, Langley G, Lindsey N, Franks JL, Russell K, Dasgupta S, Barfield WD, Odom E, Kahn E, Martin S, Fischer M, Staples JE. Characteristics of Children Aged <18 Years with Zika Virus Disease Acquired Postnatally - U.S. States, January 2015-July 2016. MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT 2016; 65:1082-1085. [PMID: 27711041 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6539e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that typically causes an asymptomatic infection or mild illness, although infection during pregnancy is a cause of microcephaly and other serious brain abnormalities. Guillain-Barré syndrome and other neurologic complications can occur in adults after Zika virus infection. However, there are few published reports describing postnatally acquired Zika virus disease among children. During January 2015-July 2016, a total of 158 cases of confirmed or probable postnatally acquired Zika virus disease among children aged <18 years were reported to CDC from U.S. states. The median age was 14 years (range = 1 month-17 years), and 88 (56%) were female. Two (1%) patients were hospitalized; none developed Guillain-Barré syndrome, and none died. All reported cases were travel-associated. Overall, 129 (82%) children had rash, 87 (55%) had fever, 45 (29%) had conjunctivitis, and 44 (28%) had arthralgia. Health care providers should consider a diagnosis of Zika virus disease in children who have an epidemiologic risk factor and clinically compatible illness, and should report cases to their state or local health department.
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Chraïbi S, Najioullah F, Bourdin C, Pegliasco J, Deligny C, Résière D, Meniane JC. Two cases of thrombocytopenic purpura at onset of Zika virus infection. J Clin Virol 2016; 83:61-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.08.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Adams L, Bello-Pagan M, Lozier M, Ryff KR, Espinet C, Torres J, Perez-Padilla J, Febo MF, Dirlikov E, Martinez A, Munoz-Jordan J, Garcia M, Segarra MO, Malave G, Rivera A, Shapiro-Mendoza C, Rosinger A, Kuehnert MJ, Chung KW, Pate LL, Harris A, Hemme RR, Lenhart A, Aquino G, Zaki S, Read JS, Waterman SH, Alvarado LI, Alvarado-Ramy F, Valencia-Prado M, Thomas D, Sharp TM, Rivera-Garcia B. Update: Ongoing Zika Virus Transmission — Puerto Rico, November 1, 2015–July 7, 2016. MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT 2016; 65:774-9. [DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6530e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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