1
|
Li M, Park JY, Sheikh M, Kayamba V, Rumgay H, Jenab M, Narh CT, Abedi-Ardekani B, Morgan E, de Martel C, McCormack V, Arnold M. Population-based investigation of common and deviating patterns of gastric cancer and oesophageal cancer incidence across populations and time. Gut 2023; 72:846-854. [PMID: 36241389 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The subtypes of gastric cancer (GC) and oesophageal cancer (EC) manifest distinct epidemiological profiles. Here, we aim to examine correlations in their incidence rates and to compare their temporal changes globally, both overall and by subtype. METHODS Long-term incidence data were obtained from population-based registries available from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents series. Variation in the occurrence of EC and GC (overall and by subtype) was assessed using the GC:EC ratio of sex-specific age-standardised rates (ASR) in 2008-2012. Average annual per cent changes were estimated to assess temporal trends during 1998-2012. RESULTS ASRs for GC and EC varied remarkably across and within world regions. In the countries evaluated, the GC:EC ratio in men exceeded 10 in several South American countries, Algeria and Republic of Korea, while EC dominated in most sub-Saharan African countries. High rates of both cardia gastric cancer and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were observed in several Asian populations. Non-cardia gastric cancer rates correlated positively with ESCC rates (r=0.60) and negatively with EAC (r=-0.79). For the time trends, while GC incidence has been uniformly decreasing by on average 2%-3% annually over 1998-2012 in most countries, trends for EC depend strongly on histology, with several but not all countries experiencing increases in EAC and decreases in ESCC. CONCLUSIONS Correlations between GC and EC incidence rates across populations are positive or inverse depending on the GC subsite and EC subtype. Multisite studies that include a combination of populations whose incidence rates follow and deviate from these patterns may be aetiologically informative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Young Park
- Branches of Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology, Cancer Surveillance and Genomics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mahdi Sheikh
- Branches of Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology, Cancer Surveillance and Genomics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Violet Kayamba
- Branches of Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology, Cancer Surveillance and Genomics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Medicine, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Harriet Rumgay
- Branches of Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology, Cancer Surveillance and Genomics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Branches of Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology, Cancer Surveillance and Genomics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Clement Tetteh Narh
- Branches of Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology, Cancer Surveillance and Genomics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Behnoush Abedi-Ardekani
- Branches of Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology, Cancer Surveillance and Genomics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Eileen Morgan
- Branches of Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology, Cancer Surveillance and Genomics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine de Martel
- Branches of Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology, Cancer Surveillance and Genomics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Branches of Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology, Cancer Surveillance and Genomics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Melina Arnold
- Branches of Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology, Cancer Surveillance and Genomics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hou R, Mu Z, Kang W, Liu Z, Na B, Niu W. Cancer mortality in 2020 and its trend analysis in Inner Mongolia during four time periods from 1973 to 2020. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1096968. [PMID: 36798823 PMCID: PMC9927226 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1096968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in China and is responsible for placing a major burden on its economic system. Inner Mongolia is located close to the northern border of China and spans more than 2,400 km from east to west. It has a total area of 1,183,000 km2, which accounts for about one-third of the total area of the country. Its ethnic demographics are complex and unique. We were interested in understanding whether these situations lead to a higher mortality rate for certain types of cancer, which was the motivation behind our research. This study aims to estimate cancer mortality in Inner Mongolia, its burden, and its trend over a 60-year time span. We compiled data pertaining to cancer in Inner Mongolia, obtained from the three national causes of death sample surveys. In addition, we obtained data pertaining to cancer mortality rates from the cause of death surveillance system in Inner Mongolia in the year 2020. The proportion of deaths from various cancers, crude mortality rates, and standardized mortality rates were calculated. The Joinpoint Regression Program was used to calculate mortality trends and the periodic percentage change (PPC) in these rates. We found that the mortality rate of cancer was 142.15/105; the age-standardized mortality rate using the Chinese standard population in 2000 (ASMRC) and Segi's world population (ASMRW) were 86.49/105 and 85.73/105 in 2020, respectively. From 1973 to 2020, during the four time periods, the leading five cancer types contributing to the mortality rate among Inner Mongolia residents in 2020 were stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, cervix/uterine cancer, and lung cancer. The four periods of time PYLL ‰ were 9.05‰, 10.79‰, 12.1‰, and 10.38‰ from 1973 to 2020. The overall trend of the crude mortality rate of cancer in Inner Mongolia from 1973 to 2020 increased (PPC =1.77%, P<0.05). Also, the crude mortality rate and ASMRC were higher in men than in women (P<0.05). The mortality rates of cancer in Inner Mongolia increased with age ie first time period and in 2020 for ages 10 to 84. The same trend was observed for ages 0 and 74 in the second and the third time periods. Overall, in 2020, the CMR and the ASMRW in Inner Mongolia were lower than the national level and significantly lower than those in other domestic Chinese provinces. Lung cancer was the most reported cancer. Cancers from the first to seventh place ranking were consistent with the national ranking in 2020. The overall crude mortality rate of cancer in Inner Mongolia during the four periods revealed an increasing trend, and liver cancer-related mortality also showed an upward trend during the four periods. The findings may provide baseline data for cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Hou
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China,Institute of Nutrition and Food and Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China,*Correspondence: Ruili Hou, ; Weiwei Kang, ; Zhengran Liu, ; Buqi Na, ; Wenliang Niu,
| | - Zhiqi Mu
- Department of Psychiatric Prevention and Control, Heping District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiwei Kang
- Department of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Ruili Hou, ; Weiwei Kang, ; Zhengran Liu, ; Buqi Na, ; Wenliang Niu,
| | - Zhengran Liu
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China,*Correspondence: Ruili Hou, ; Weiwei Kang, ; Zhengran Liu, ; Buqi Na, ; Wenliang Niu,
| | - Buqi Na
- Department of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Ruili Hou, ; Weiwei Kang, ; Zhengran Liu, ; Buqi Na, ; Wenliang Niu,
| | - Wenliang Niu
- Neurology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China,*Correspondence: Ruili Hou, ; Weiwei Kang, ; Zhengran Liu, ; Buqi Na, ; Wenliang Niu,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang N, Chang X, Liu R, Zheng C, Wang X, Birch S. General population preferences for cancer care in health systems of China: A discrete choice experiment. Cancer Med 2022; 12:7485-7497. [PMID: 36479927 PMCID: PMC10067129 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing incidence of cancer in China has posed considerable challenges for cancer care delivery systems. This study aimed to determine the general population's preferences for cancer care, to provide evidence for building a people-centered integrated cancer care system. METHODS We conducted a discrete choice experiment that involved 1,200 participants in Shandong Province. Individuals were asked to choose between cancer care scenarios based on the type and level of hospitals, with various out-of-pocket costs, waiting time, and contact working in the hospitals. Individual preferences, willingness to pay, and uptake rate were estimated using a mixed-logit model. RESULTS This study included 848 respondents (70.67%). Respondents preferred county hospitals with shorter hospitalization waiting times and contact working in hospitals. Compared to the reference levels, the three highest willingness to pay values were related to waiting time for hospitalization (¥97,857.69-¥145411.70-¥212,992.10/$14512.70-$21565.16-$31587.61), followed by the county-level hospital (¥32,545.13/$4826.58). The preferences of the different groups of respondents were diverse. Based on a county-level general hospital with contact in the hospital, 50% out-of-pocket costs and a waiting time of 15 days, the probability of seeking baseline care was 0.37. Reducing the waiting time from 15 to 7, 3, and 0 days, increases the probability of choosing a county-level hospital from 0.37 to 0.58, 0.64, and 0.70, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that there is a substantial interest in attending county-level hospitals and that reducing hospitalization waiting time is the most effective measure to increase the probability of seeking cancer care in county-level hospitals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Jinan China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University) Jinan China
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan China
| | - Xuan Chang
- Department of Publicity Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan China
| | - Ruyue Liu
- School of Public Health Weifang Medical University Weifang China
| | - Caiyun Zheng
- School of Public Health Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Public Health Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Stephen Birch
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feng R, Su Q, Huang X, Basnet T, Xu X, Ye W. Cancer situation in China: what does the China cancer map indicate from the first national death survey to the latest cancer registration? CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 43:75-86. [PMID: 36397729 PMCID: PMC9859730 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past four decades, the Chinese government has conducted three surveys on the distribution of causes of death and built cancer registration. In order to shine a new light on better cancer prevention strategies in China, we evaluated the profile of cancer mortality over the forty years and analyzed the policies that have been implemented. METHODS We described spatial and temporal changes in both cancer mortality and the ranking of major cancer types in China based on the data collected from three national surveys during 1973-1975, 1990-1992, 2004-2005, and the latest cancer registration data published by National Central Cancer Registry of China. The mortality data were compared after conversion to age-standardized mortality rates based on the world standard population (Segi's population). The geographical distribution characteristics were explored by marking hot spots of different cancers on the map of China. RESULTS From 1973 to 2016, China witnessed an evident decrease in mortality rate of stomach, esophageal, and cervical cancer, while a gradual increase was recorded in lung, colorectal, and female breast cancer. A slight decrease of mortality rate has been observed in liver cancer since 2004. Lung and liver cancer, however, have become the top two leading causes of cancer death for the last twenty years. From the three national surveys, similar profiles of leading causes of cancer death were observed among both urban and rural areas. Lower mortality rates from esophageal and stomach cancer, however, have been demonstrated in urban than in rural areas. Rural areas had similar mortality rates of the five leading causes of cancer death with the small urban areas in 1973-1975. Additionally, rural areas in 2016 also had approximate mortality rates of the five leading causes with urban areas in 2004-2005. Moreover, stomach, esophageal, and liver cancer showed specific geographical distributions. Although mortality rates have decreased at most of the hotspots of these cancers, they were still higher than the national average levels during the same time periods. CONCLUSIONS Building up a strong primary public health system especially among rural areas may be one critical step to reduce cancer burden in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruimei Feng
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiP. R. China,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianP. R. China
| | - Qingling Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianP. R. China
| | - Xiaoyin Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianP. R. China
| | - Til Basnet
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianP. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianP. R. China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics & Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal CancerFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianP. R. China,Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qin S, Wang X, Li S, Tan C, Zeng X, Luo X, Yi L, Peng L, Wu M, Peng Y, Wang L, Wan X. Clinical Benefit and Cost Effectiveness of Risk-Stratified Gastric Cancer Screening Strategies in China: A Modeling Study. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2022; 40:725-737. [PMID: 35701687 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-022-01160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A new gastric cancer screening scoring system (NGCS) strategy was recommended for the early gastric cancer (GC) screening process in China. The current study aimed to assess the clinical benefits and the cost effectiveness of the NGCS strategy in GC high-risk areas of China from a societal perspective. METHODS A Markov microsimulation model was developed to evaluate 30 alternative screening strategies with varying initiation age, including the NGCS strategy, the modified NGCS strategy, and the endoscopic screening strategy with various screening intervals. The primary outcomes included GC mortality, number of endoscopies, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Cost estimates were reported in 2021 USD (US$) and both costs and benefits were discounted at 5% annually. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate model uncertainty. RESULTS Screening with the NGCS strategy from age 40 years (40-NGCS) reduced the GC incidence by 86.4%, which provided the greatest benefit across strategies. Compared with all strategies, at a willingness-to pay threshold of US$17,922 per QALY, the 40-NGCS strategy was a leading cost-effective strategy, with an ICER of US$15,668 per QALY. Results were robust in univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. The probability of the 40-NGCS strategy being cost effective was 0.863. CONCLUSIONS The 40-NGCS strategy was an effective and cost-effective strategy to reduce GC incidence and mortality in China. The findings provide important evidence for decision makers to formulate and optimize targeted approaches for GC prevention and control policies in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Sini Li
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Chongqing Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohui Zeng
- PET-CT Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lidan Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Liubao Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Meiyu Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Liting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaomin Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Parascandola M, Pearlman PC, Eldridge L, Gopal S. The Development of Global Cancer Research at the United States National Cancer Institute. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1228-1237. [PMID: 35640108 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
International research and collaboration has been a part of the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) mission since its creation in 1937. Early on, efforts were limited to international exchange of information to ensure that U.S. cancer patients could benefit from advances in other countries. As NCI's research grant portfolio grew in the 1950s, it included a modest number of grants to foreign institutions, primarily in the U.K. and Europe. In the 1960s, the development of geographic pathology, which aimed to study cancer etiology through variations in cancer incidence and risk factors, led to an increase in NCI funded international research, including research in low- and middle-income countries. In this paper, we review key international research programs, focusing particularly on the first fifty years of NCI history. The first NCI-led overseas research programs, established in the 1960s in Ghana and Uganda, generated influential research but also struggled with logistical challenges and political instability. The 1971 National Cancer Act was followed by the creation of a number of bilateral agreements with foreign governments, including China, Japan, and Russia, to support cooperation in technology and medicine. While these agreements were broad without specific scientific goals, they provided an important mechanism for sustained collaborations in specific areas. With the creation of the NCI Center for Global Health in 2011, NCI's global cancer research efforts gained sustained focus. While the global cancer burden has evolved over time, increasingly impacting low- and middle-income countries, NCI's role in global cancer research remains more important than ever.
Collapse
|
7
|
Li N, Lu B, Luo C, Cai J, Lu M, Zhang Y, Chen H, Dai M. Incidence, mortality, survival, risk factor and screening of colorectal cancer: A comparison among China, Europe, and northern America. Cancer Lett 2021; 522:255-268. [PMID: 34563640 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. China, Europe and northern America account for more than half of the new CRC cases and associated deaths globally. This review summarizes the current status and temporal trends of CRC in China, Europe, and northern America. The potential primary preventive strategies and latest advances in CRC screening techniques and programs are discussed. Recently, the incidence and mortality of CRC in some European and northern American countries have decreased; conversely, CRC incidence and mortality continue to increase in China. The overall 5-year relative survival rate for CRC is similar between these regions, but there is considerable heterogeneity among European countries. Implementing population-based CRC screening programs can effectively address the growing disease burden. The effectiveness of nationwide CRC screening programs in these regions has been limited by relatively low coverage and participation rate. The deployment of state-of-the-art techniques and precise risk-adapted screening strategies incorporating effective risk prediction models and screening techniques may boost screening effectiveness. Our review provides novel foundations for the development and optimization of CRC preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chenyu Luo
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hongda Chen
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Min Dai
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Geospatial Analysis and Mapping Strategies for Fine-Grained and Detailed COVID-19 Data with GIS. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi10090602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic is showing dramatic impact across the world. Public health authorities attempt to fight against the virus while maintaining economic activity. In the face of the uncertainty derived from the virus, all the countries have adopted non-pharmaceutical interventions for limiting the mobility and maintaining social distancing. In order to support these interventions, some health authorities and governments have opted for sharing very fine-grained data related with the impact of the virus in their territories. Geographical science is playing a major role in terms of understanding how the virus spreads across regions. Location of cases allows identifying the spatial patterns traced by the virus. Understanding these patterns makes controlling the virus spread feasible, minimizes its impact in vulnerable regions, anticipates potential outbreaks, or elaborates predictive risk maps. The application of geospatial analysis to fine-grained data must be urgently adopted for optimal decision making in real and near-real time. However, some aspects related to process and map sensitive health data in emergency cases have not yet been sufficiently explored. Among them include concerns about how these datasets with sensitive information must be shown depending on aspects related to data aggregation, scaling, privacy issues, or the need to know in advance the particularities of the study area. In this paper, we introduce our experience in mapping fine-grained data related to the incidence of the COVID-19 during the first wave in the region of Galicia (NW Spain), and after that we discuss the mentioned aspects.
Collapse
|
9
|
Xia R, Zeng H, Liu W, Xie L, Shen M, Li P, Li H, Wei W, Chen W, Zhuang G. Estimated Cost-effectiveness of Endoscopic Screening for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer in High-Risk Areas in China. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2121403. [PMID: 34402889 PMCID: PMC8371571 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.21403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Upper gastrointestinal tract cancer, including esophageal and gastric cancers, in China accounts for 50% of the global burden. Endoscopic screening may be associated with a decreased incidence of and mortality from upper gastrointestinal tract cancer. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of endoscopic screening for esophageal and gastric cancers among people aged 40 to 69 years in areas of China where the risk of these cancers is high. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS For this economic evaluation, a Markov model was constructed for initial screening at different ages from a health care system perspective, and 5 endoscopic screening strategies with different frequencies (once per lifetime and every 10 years, 5 years, 3 years, and 2 years) were evaluated. The study was conducted between January 1, 2019, and October 31, 2020. Model parameters were estimated based on this project, government documents, and published literature. For each initial screening age (40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, and 65-69 years), a closed cohort of 100 000 participants was assumed to enter the model and follow the alternative strategies. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cost-effectiveness was measured by calculating the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), and the willingness-to-pay threshold was assumed to be 3 times the per capita gross domestic product in China (US $10 276). Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of model findings. RESULTS The study included a hypothetical cohort of 100 000 individuals aged 40 to 69 years. All 5 screening strategies were associated with improved effectiveness by 1087 to 10 362 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and increased costs by US $3 299 000 to $22 826 000 compared with no screening over a lifetime, leading to ICERs of US $1343 to $3035 per QALY. Screening at a higher frequency was associated with an increase in QALYs and costs; ICERs for higher frequency screening compared with the next-lower frequency screening were between US $1087 and $4511 per QALY. Screening every 2 years would be the most cost-effective strategy, with probabilities of 90% to 98% at 3 times the per capita gross domestic product of China. The model was the most sensitive to utility scores of esophageal cancer- or gastric cancer-related health states and compliance with screening. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings suggest that combined endoscopic screening for esophageal and gastric cancers may be cost-effective in areas of China where the risk of these cancers is high; screening every 2 years would be the optimal strategy. These data may be useful for development of policies targeting the prevention and control of upper gastrointestinal tract cancer in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongmei Zeng
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Mingwang Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - He Li
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqing Chen
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guihua Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li H, Ding C, Zeng H, Zheng R, Cao M, Ren J, Shi J, Sun D, He S, Yang Z, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Sun X, Guo G, Song G, Wei W, Chen W, He J. Improved esophageal squamous cell carcinoma screening effectiveness by risk-stratified endoscopic screening: evidence from high-risk areas in China. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:715-725. [PMID: 34146456 PMCID: PMC8360639 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Risk‐stratified endoscopic screening (RSES), which offers endoscopy to those with a high risk of esophageal cancer, has the potential to increase effectiveness and reduce endoscopic demands compared with the universal screening strategy (i.e., endoscopic screening for all targets without risk prediction). Evidence of RSES in high‐risk areas of China is limited. This study aimed to estimate whether RSES based on a 22‐score esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) risk prediction model could optimize the universal endoscopic screening strategy for ESCC screening in high‐risk areas of China. Methods Eight epidemiological variables in the ESCC risk prediction model were collected retrospectively from 26,618 individuals aged 40‐69 from three high‐risk areas of China who underwent endoscopic screening between May 2015 and July 2017. The model's performance was estimated using the area under the curve (AUC). Participants were categorized into a high‐risk group and a low‐risk group with a cutoff score having sensitivities of both ESCC and severe dysplasia and above (SDA) at more than 90.0%. Results The ESCC risk prediction model had an AUC of 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.75–0.84) in this external population. We found that a score of 8 (ranging from 0 to 22) had a sensitivity of 94.2% for ESCC and 92.5% for SDA. The RSES strategy using this threshold score would allow 50.6% of endoscopies to be avoided and save approximately US$ 0.59 million compared to universal endoscopic screening among 26,618 participants. In addition, a higher prevalence of SDA (1.7% vs. 0.9%), a lower number need to screen (60 vs. 111), and a lower average cost per detected SDA (US$ 3.22 thousand vs. US$ 5.45 thousand) could have been obtained by the RSES strategy. Conclusions The RSES strategy based on individual risk has the potential to optimize the universal endoscopic screening strategy in ESCC high‐risk areas of China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of Anesthesia, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zeng
- Office of Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Rongshou Zheng
- Office of Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Maomao Cao
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Jiansong Ren
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Jufang Shi
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Dianqin Sun
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Siyi He
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Zhixun Yang
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Yu
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital, Wuwei, Gansu, 733000, P. R. China
| | - Xibin Sun
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Henan Office for Cancer Control and Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, P. R. China
| | - Guizhou Guo
- Linzhou Institute for Cancer Prevention and Control, Linzhou Cancer Hospital, Linzhou, Henan, 456500, P. R. China
| | - Guohui Song
- Cixian Institute for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cixian Cancer Hospital, Handan, Hebei, 056500, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- Office of Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Chen
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Plooij FX, Raemaekers J. Stable improvement in classical B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with dietary interventions: A personal experience. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:2948-2954. [PMID: 33363857 PMCID: PMC7752481 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
If the lymphocyte count is still low enough, the first part of the wait-and-see approach for asymptomatic Rai stage 0 classical B-CLL can be used to find out if the lymphocyte counts follow an exponential growth curve. If they do, the whole food, plant-based (WFPB) diet intervention can be started.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frans X. Plooij
- International Research‐Institute on Infant StudiesArnhemThe Netherlands
| | - John Raemaekers
- Treating Hematologist until Retirement in 2016 at the Rijnstate HospitalArnhemThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zeng H, Sun K, Cao M, Zheng R, Sun X, Liu S, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Guo G, Song G, Zhu Y, Wu X, Song B, Liao X, Chen Y, Song M, Giovannucci E, Zhuang G, Wei W, Chen W, He J. Initial results from a multi-center population-based cluster randomized trial of esophageal and gastric cancer screening in China. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:398. [PMID: 33228549 PMCID: PMC7686770 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We initiated the first multi-center cluster randomized trial of endoscopic screening for esophageal cancer and gastric cancer in China. The objective of the study was to report the baseline screening findings in this trial. Methods We recruited a total of 345 eligible clusters from seven screening centers. In the intervention group, participants from high-risk areas were screened by endoscopy; in non-high-risk areas, high-risk individuals were identified using a questionnaire and advised for endoscopy. Lugol’s iodine staining in esophagus and indigo carmine dye in stomach were performed to aid in the diagnosis of suspicious lesions. The primary outcomes of this study were the detection rate (proportion of positive cases among individuals who underwent endoscopic screening) and early detection rate (the proportion of positive cases with stage 0/I among all positive cases). Results A total of 149,956 eligible subjects were included. The detection rate was 0.7% in esophagus and 0.8% in stomach, respectively. Compared with non-high-risk areas, the detection rates in high-risk areas were higher, both in esophagus (0.9% vs. 0.1%) and in stomach (0.9% vs. 0.3%). The same difference was found for early-detection rate (esophagus: 92.9% vs. 53.3%; stomach: 81.5% vs. 33.3%). Conclusions The diagnostic yield of both esophagus and stomach were higher in high-risk areas than in non-high-risk areas, even though in non-high-risk areas, only high-risk individuals were screened. Our study may provide important clues for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of upper-endoscopic screening in China. Trial registration: Protocol Registration System in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-EOR-16008577. Registered 01 June 2016-Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=14372
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zeng
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Sun
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Maomao Cao
- Office for Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 South Lane, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Rongshou Zheng
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xibin Sun
- Henan Office for Cancer Control and Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuzheng Liu
- Henan Office for Cancer Control and Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital, Wuwei, China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Center, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | | | | | - Yigong Zhu
- Luoshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xinyang, China
| | - Xianghong Wu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sheyang County, Yancheng, China
| | - Bingbing Song
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianzhen Liao
- Hunan Office for Cancer Control and Research, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Yueyang Lou District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yueyang, China
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Guihua Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqing Chen
- Office for Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 17 South Lane, Panjiayuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jahan F, Duncan EW, Cramb SM, Baade PD, Mengersen KL. Multivariate Bayesian meta-analysis: joint modelling of multiple cancer types using summary statistics. Int J Health Geogr 2020; 19:42. [PMID: 33069256 PMCID: PMC7568363 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-020-00234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer atlases often provide estimates of cancer incidence, mortality or survival across small areas of a region or country. A recent example of a cancer atlas is the Australian cancer atlas (ACA), that provides interactive maps to visualise spatially smoothed estimates of cancer incidence and survival for 20 different cancer types over 2148 small areas across Australia. METHODS The present study proposes a multivariate Bayesian meta-analysis model, which can model multiple cancers jointly using summary measures without requiring access to the unit record data. This new approach is illustrated by modelling the publicly available spatially smoothed standardised incidence ratios for multiple cancers in the ACA divided into three groups: common, rare/less common and smoking-related. The multivariate Bayesian meta-analysis models are fitted to each group in order to explore any possible association between the cancers in three remoteness regions: major cities, regional and remote areas across Australia. The correlation between the pairs of cancers included in each multivariate model for a group was examined by computing the posterior correlation matrix for each cancer group in each region. The posterior correlation matrices in different remoteness regions were compared using Jennrich's test of equality of correlation matrices (Jennrich in J Am Stat Assoc. 1970;65(330):904-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1970.10481133 ). RESULTS Substantive correlation was observed among some cancer types. There was evidence that the magnitude of this correlation varied according to remoteness of a region. For example, there has been significant negative correlation between prostate and lung cancer in major cities, but zero correlation found in regional and remote areas for the same pair of cancer types. High risk areas for specific combinations of cancer types were identified and visualised from the proposed model. CONCLUSIONS Publicly available spatially smoothed disease estimates can be used to explore additional research questions by modelling multiple cancer types jointly. These proposed multivariate meta-analysis models could be useful when unit record data are unavailable because of privacy and confidentiality requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Jahan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, School of Mathematical Sciences, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Earl W. Duncan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, School of Mathematical Sciences, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Susana M. Cramb
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Peter D. Baade
- Cancer Council Queensland, 553 Gregory Terrace, Fortitude Valley, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Kerrie L. Mengersen
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, School of Mathematical Sciences, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shi JF, Cao M, Wang Y, Bai FZ, Lei L, Peng J, Feletto E, Canfell K, Qu C, Chen W. Is it possible to halve the incidence of liver cancer in China by 2050? Int J Cancer 2020; 148:1051-1065. [PMID: 32997794 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A substantial proportion of liver cancers is attributable to chronic infection with hepatitis B and C (HBV/HCV). Liver cancer could become the second cancer, after cervical, to be effectively controlled globally, if proven interventions such as vaccination can be implemented on a large scale. In 2018, the global mortality rate for liver cancer was estimated to be 8.5 per 100 000 individuals. Given patterns of HBV infection and immigration across countries, liver cancer control requires combined, global action. Liver cancer trends vary between countries, in some Western countries, the incidence rates were relatively low but have increased in recent decades; conversely, in several Asian countries, the incidence rates have decreased over time. China has in the past contributed more than half of the global burden of liver cancer but more recently a national decline in liver cancer incidence has been observed. Here, we review the liver cancer burden and exposure to risk factors in China, compared to other countries. We also review the implementation status for primary and secondary prevention interventions and major outcomes achieved over the past three decades. Using Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis, we examine recent trends and based on these, predict that by 2050, the incidence of liver cancer in China could fall by half. We additionally survey the literature to identify current research needs, and review relevant national policies on liver cancer control in China. A comprehensive set of interventions is proposed to progress toward the long-term goal of liver cancer elimination based on the natural history and evidence-based interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Fang Shi
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Maomao Cao
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology/Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Zhou Bai
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lei
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji Peng
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Eleonora Feletto
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Canfell
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chunfeng Qu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology/Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqing Chen
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qi M, Liu DM, Ji W, Wang HL. ATP6V0D2, a subunit associated with proton transport, serves an oncogenic role in esophagus cancer and is correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Esophagus 2020; 17:456-467. [PMID: 32240421 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-020-00735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor prognosis of esophagus cancer (EC) is mainly due to its high invasiveness and metastasis, so it is urgent to search effectively prognostic markers and explore their roles in the mechanism of metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on the TCGA database, we downloaded the RNA-Seq for analyzing the expression of ATP6V0D2. QRT-PCR was used to test the mRNA levels of ATP6V0D2 in cell lines. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate the correlation between ATP6V0D2 and clinical characteristics. Prognostic values were determined by Kaplan-Meier methods and cox's regression models. CCK-8 and clone formation assays were employed to evaluate the cell viability, and Transwell assay was implemented to determine the invasive and migratory abilities. Correlations between ATP6V0D2 and motion-related markers were analyzed by the GEPIA database and confirmed by western blot. Moreover, the relationship between ATP6V0D2 and molecules related to cell cycle and apoptosis was also determined by western blot. RESULTS A significant increase was observed in 3 EC-related cell lines compared to the normal cell line. ATP6V0D2 has a connection with the poor prognosis and can be considered as an independent prognosticator for patients with EC. Besides, ATP6V0D2 can improve cells viability as well as invasive and migratory abilities. What's more, downregulation of ATP6V0D2 notably enhanced E-cadherin expression, while decreased N-cadherin, Vimentin, and MMP9 expression, whereas overexpression of ATP6V0D2 presented the opposite outcomes. Furthermore, we found that silencing ATP6V0D2 led to a significant reduction on the protein expression of Cyclin D1, CDK4, Bcl-2, whereas resulted in a notable enhancement on the Bax level. CONCLUSION ATP6V0D2 might be an independent prognosticator for EC patients, and it possibly promotes tumorigenesis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle and apoptosis-related markers, providing the possibility that ATP6V0D2 may be a novel biomarker for the therapeutic intervention of EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qi
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Jinan City Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Mei Liu
- Emergency Infusion Room, Jinan City Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ji
- Clinical Experimental Research Center, Jinan City Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The East courtyard, No. 42 of West Culture Road, Lixia district, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wei W, Zeng H, Zheng R, Zhang S, An L, Chen R, Wang S, Sun K, Matsuda T, Bray F, He J. Cancer registration in China and its role in cancer prevention and control. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21:e342-e349. [PMID: 32615118 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has become a leading cause of death in China, with an increasing burden of cancer incidence and mortality observed over the past half century. Population-based cancer registries have been operating in China for about 60 years, and, in 2018, their role has expanded to include the formulation and evaluation of national cancer control programmes and the care of patients with cancer. The purpose of this Review is to provide an overview of the key milestones in the development of cancer registration in China, the current status of registry coverage and quality, and a description of the changing cancer profile in China from 1973 to 2015. This Review is a comprehensive and updated review on the development of population-based cancer registries in China over a 60-year time span. We highlight some aspects of cancer control plans that illustrate how cancer registration data have become central to the identification of health priorities for China and provide a means to track progress in cancer control for the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Wei
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Zeng
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongshou Zheng
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lan An
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Chen
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoming Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Sun
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tomohiro Matsuda
- Population-based Cancer Registry Section, Division of Surveillance, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jie He
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gopal S, Sivaram S, Rajaraman P, Trimble EL. Thinking globally about cancer research on World Cancer Day. Indian J Med Res 2020; 151:269-272. [PMID: 32461388 PMCID: PMC7371059 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_198_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Gopal
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sudha Sivaram
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Preetha Rajaraman
- Office of Global Affairs, US Department of Health & Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Edward L. Trimble
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lian C, Xie S, Li W, Ran J, Zhang J, Han Z, Zuo X, Tian L. Association of wheat chaff derived silica fiber and esophageal cancer in north China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 178:79-85. [PMID: 30999183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite decades of research and intervention programs, the epidemic of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the Taihang Mountain area of north China has not seen convincing explanation by any risk factor yet and the incidence has not seen a substantial decrease. Based on recently disclosed association of aridity and wheat consumption with esophageal cancer, we revisited the hypothesis of biogenic silica in esophageal cancer development. METHODS From the archives of the Pathology Department of Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, we selected three pairs of formalin-fixed samples, tumor tissues and distant normal tissues, of three patients operated for ESCC who had no history of workplace exposure to silica dust. Two pairs of dried tissue samples were used for phytolith (silica body) analysis and another pair for microanalysis with Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). RESULTS One of the phytoliths in ESCC tumor tissue was similar to the prickle hair on the surface of wheat bract. In the mineral particles detected in the tumor tissue the predominant elements were Si, Ca, and P, whereas Si signals were not obvious in the distant normal tissue. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary findings on the detection of phytoliths and the higher than normal Si concentration in ESCC tumor tissue warrants further testing the role of biogenic silica in esophageal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Lian
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China.
| | - Shuzhe Xie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China.
| | - Weijun Li
- School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jinjiin Ran
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zheshen Han
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Xinxin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shen FF, Pan Y, Yang HJ, Li JK, Zhao F, Su JF, Li YY, Tian LQ, Yu PT, Cao YT, Zhang YW, Zhou FY. Decreased expression of SPINT1-AS1 and SPINT1 mRNA might be independent unfavorable prognostic indicators in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4755-4763. [PMID: 31417276 PMCID: PMC6591775 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s206448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type 1 antisense RNA1 (SPINT1-AS1), a long non-coding RNA , has been linked to cancer progression. In this study, we aimed to explore the SPINT1-AS1 expression in matched esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and normal tissues, and analyze the potential correlations of SPINT1-AS1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics, in order to evaluate its prognosis and therapeutic value. Methods: SPINT1-AS1 expression was detected in 99 cases of matched ESCC and normal tissues samples using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Results: The expression level (△Ct) of SPINT1-AS1 and SPINT1 mRNA was significantly downregulated in ESCC tissues compared with matched normal tissues (P=0.0005; P=0.0002, respectively), and there was an obvious positive correlation between SPINT1-AS1 and SPINT1 mRNA expression. Clinicopathological characteristics indicated that SPINT1-AS1 expression was correlated with age and tumor size, while SPINT1 mRNA expression was correlated with age and gender. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the expression level of SPINT1-AS1 and SPINT1 mRNA yielded an area under the ROC curve value of 0.638 and 0.625, respectively. The overall survival is shorter in patients with low SPINT1-AS1 expressed than those with high levels of SPINT1-AS1 (P=0.044), and SPINT1 mRNA expression level is associated with the OS (P=0.001). Univariate and multivariate analysis suggested that SPINT1-AS1 was an independent prognostic indicator in ESCC. Conclusions: We found that the expression of SPINT1-AS1 and SPINT1 mRNA is downregulated in ESCC tissues, which could contribute to tumor progression. SPINT1-AS1 and SPINT1 mRNA may be therapeutic targets and prognosis markers for ESCC. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/1n97rmu26Yw
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Shen
- The Key Laboratory for Tumor Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Pan
- The Key Laboratory for Tumor Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jun Yang
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Kuo Li
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Fen Su
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Li
- The Key Laboratory for Tumor Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Qiang Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Tumor Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan-Ting Yu
- The Key Laboratory for Tumor Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Tian Cao
- The Key Laboratory for Tumor Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Wen Zhang
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-You Zhou
- The Key Laboratory for Tumor Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao F, Su JF, Lun SM, Hou YJ, Duan LJ, Wang NC, Shen FF, Zhang YW, Gao ZW, Li J, Du XJ, Zhou FY. Association between polymorphisms in the CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and GSTM1 genes, and smoking, alcohol and upper digestive tract carcinomas in a high-incidence area of northern China. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1267-1277. [PMID: 31423187 PMCID: PMC6607096 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic gene variants, smoking, and alcohol consumption are important upper digestive tract cancer (UDTC) risk factors. However, the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions remain unclear. A case-control study in a high incidence area for upper digestive tract cancer was conducted in China. DNA was extracted from buffy coat samples for PCR or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Smoking and alcohol drinking status was determined by questionnaires. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the associations. After adjusting for confounding factors, smoking increased esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cardia cancer (GCC) and gastric antral carcinoma (GAC) risk by 3.594, 4.658, and 3.999-fold, respectively. Alcohol consumption increased EC, GCC and GAC risk by 1.953, 2.442 and 1.765-fold, respectively. The cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) rs4646903 T>C polymorphism increased GCC risk, the cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) rs2031920 C>T polymorphism increased EC risk, while the GSTM1 null genotype decreased EC risk. An association existed between the following: CYP1A1 rs4646903 and smoking in EC, GCC and GAC; CYP1A1 rs4646903 and alcohol consumption in EC and GCC; CYP2E1 rs2031920 and smoking in EC, GCC and GAC and CYP2E1 rs2031920 and alcohol consumption in EC and GCC. No association was observed between CYP1A1 and CYP2E1. The glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) null genotype decreased EC risk (OR=0.510). Smoking/drinking are upper digestive tract cancer risk factors. The CYP1A1 rs4646903 and CYP2E1 rs2031920 polymorphisms were risk factors of GCC or EC, and the GSTM1 null genotype may serve a protective role against EC. The results of the present study indicated that gene-environment interactions increase the risk of UDTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Fen Su
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Min Lun
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Jie Hou
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Juan Duan
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
| | - Neng-Chao Wang
- The Fourth Radiotherapy Department, Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Fang Shen
- Department of Key Laboratory for Tumor Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Wen Zhang
- The First Radiotherapy Department, Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Wei Gao
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- The Third Medicine Department, Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Juan Du
- The Pathology Department, Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
| | - Fu-You Zhou
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, Henan 455000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shen FF, Pan Y, Li JZ, Zhao F, Yang HJ, Li JK, Gao ZW, Su JF, Duan LJ, Lun SM, Zhang P, Tian LQ, Sun G, Huang D, Cao YT, Zhou FY. High expression of HLA-DQA1 predicts poor outcome in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Northern China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14454. [PMID: 30813145 PMCID: PMC6408075 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies demonstrate that the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is associated with the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). HLA-DQA1, which belongs to the MHC Class II family, may be a potential biomarker in ESCC progression. However, the association between HLA-DQA1 and ESCC in high-incidence area of northern China has not been well characterized. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of HLA-DQA1 expression with the progression and prognosis of ESCC. METHODS We analyzed the expression profiles of HLA-DQA1 in esophageal cancer (EC) samples in the TCGA database and validated HLA-DQA1 expression by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in matched EC and normal tissues, respectively. The correlation between HLA-DQA1 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics of ESCC was further analyzed. RESULT Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that the expression level of HLA-DQA1 in ESCC tissues was significantly higher than the matched normal tissues (P < .001). HLA-DQA1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in ESCC tissues compared to the matched normal tissues. Patients with family history negative or with tumor sizes >4 cm were associated with higher HLA-DQA1 expression levels. A prognostic significance of HLA-DQA1 was also found by the Log-rank method, in which high expression of HLA-DQA1 was correlated with a shorter overall survival time. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis yielded the area under the ROC curve value of 0.693. Univariate and multivariate analyses also suggest that high expression of HLA-DQA1 is a potential indicator for poor prognosis of ESCC. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that HLA-DQA1 plays an important role in ESCC progression and may be a biomarker for ESCC diagnosis and prognosis, as well as a potential target for the treatment of patients with ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Shen
- The Key Laboratory for Tumor Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang
| | - Ying Pan
- The Key Laboratory for Tumor Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang
| | - Jing-Zhong Li
- The Key Laboratory for Tumor Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang
| | - Fang Zhao
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang
| | - Hai-Jun Yang
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang
| | - Jun-Kuo Li
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang
| | - Zhao-Wei Gao
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang
| | - Jing-Fen Su
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang
| | - Li-Juan Duan
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang
| | - Shu-Min Lun
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang
| | - Peng Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin-Qiang Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Tumor Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang
| | - Gang Sun
- The Key Laboratory for Tumor Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang
| | - Da Huang
- The Key Laboratory for Tumor Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang
| | - Yan-Tian Cao
- The Key Laboratory for Tumor Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang
| | - Fu-You Zhou
- The Key Laboratory for Tumor Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang
- Anyang Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li J, Ran J, Chen LC, Costa M, Huang Y, Chen X, Tian L. Bituminous coal combustion and Xuan Wei Lung cancer: a review of the epidemiology, intervention, carcinogens, and carcinogenesis. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:573-583. [PMID: 30649585 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution from bituminous coal combustion has been linked to the extremely high lung cancer rates of nonsmoking women in Xuan Wei County, Yunnan Province, China. Venting the smoke outdoors by installing chimneys was found to be effective at reducing the lung cancer risk in a cohort study of 21,232 farmers in central Xuan Wei. However, the lung cancer mortality rates in all 1.2 million residents of Xuan Wei have been increasing dramatically over the last four decades. It was higher than that in Yunnan Province and China overall, with significant heterogeneities in the geographic patterns of Xuan Wei. Intervention measures targeting certain types of coal or certain carcinogenic components in coal smoke need to be explored. To inform targeted intervention policies, it is essential to pinpoint the specific substance (particulate matter, organic extract, PAHs, free radicals, crystalline silica, and inorganic matter) that might account for the carcinogenicity of bituminous coal smoke. Exploring the underlying carcinogenesis mechanisms would also contribute to the intervention and control of the lung cancer epidemic in Xuan Wei, China. Here we review the suspected carcinogens and carcinogenesis mechanisms and discuss future research directions towards a better understanding of the etiology of lung cancer in Xuan Wei, China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Li
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Jinjun Ran
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Cancer Research Institute of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Cancer Research Institute of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linwei Tian
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Geng L, Wu R, Hu H, Zhao Y, Fan L, Zhao Z, Liao D, Li M, Xiang M, Ma Y, Du X. Clinical application of oral meglumine diatrizoate esophagogram in screening esophageal fistula during radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0668. [PMID: 29718892 PMCID: PMC6393137 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Esophageal fistula is a serious and common complication of radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment is necessary. Because of side effect of barium esophagography, it cannot be used to screening esophageal fistula during radiotherapy. Meglumine diatrizoate is an ionic contrast agent, its adverse reactions were rarely seen when it was used in the body cavity. The purpose of this trial is identified the sensitivity and specificity of oral meglumine diatrizoate in an esophagogram for screening esophageal fistula during radiotherapy. METHODS/DESIGN This trial was a prospective, multicenter, diagnostic clinical trial. A total of 105 patients with esophageal cancer will swallowed meglumine diatrizoate and underwent a radiographic examination weekly during radiotherapy, medical personnel observed the esophageal lesions to determine whether an esophageal fistula formed. If an esophageal fistula was observed, esophagofiberoscopy and/or computer tomography was used to further confirm the diagnosis. And the sensitivity and specificity of meglumine diatrizoate should be calculated for screening esophageal fistula during radiotherapy. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this study protocol is the first to identify the sensitivity and specificity of oral meglumine diatrizoate in an esophagogram for screening esophageal fistula during radiotherapy. If oral meglumine diatrizoate can be used to screening esophageal fistula, more patients will benefit from early detection and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Geng
- Department of Oncology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nan Chong
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang
| | - He Hu
- Department of Oncology, Yan Ting County Cancer Hospital, Yan Ting
| | | | - Lingli Fan
- Department of Oncology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang
| | - Dongbiao Liao
- Department of Oncology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang
| | | | - Miao Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Scientific Research and Education, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Du
- Department of Oncology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen T, Qian G, Fan C, Sun Y, Wang J, Lu P, Xue X, Wu Y, Zhang Q, Jin Y, Wu Y, Gan Y, Lu J, Kensler TW, Groopman JD, Tu H. Qidong hepatitis B virus infection cohort: a 25-year prospective study in high risk area of primary liver cancer. HEPATOMA RESEARCH 2018; 4:4. [PMID: 29479565 PMCID: PMC5824723 DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2017.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Qidong hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection cohort (QBC) is a prospective community-based study designed to investigate causative factors of primary liver cancer (PLC) in Qidong, China, where both PLC and HBV infection are highly endemic. Residents aged 20-65 years, living in seven townships of Qidong, were surveyed using hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) serum test and invited to participate in QBC from June 1991 to December 1991. A total of 852 and 786 participants were enrolled in HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative sub-cohorts in May 1992, respectively. All participants were actively followed up in person, received HBsAg, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) tests and upper abdominal ultrasonic examination, and donated blood and urine samples once or twice a year. The total response rate was 99.6%, and the number of incident PLC was 201 till the end of February 2017. The ratio of incidence rates was 12.32 (95% confidence interval[CI]=7.16-21.21, P < 0.0001) in HBsAg-positive arm compared with HBsAg-negative arm. The relative risk of PLC was 13.25 (95% CI=6.67-26.33, P < 0.0001) and 28.05 (95% CI=13.87-56.73, P < 0.0001) in the HBsAg+/HBeAg- group and the HBsAg+/HBeAg+ group, respectively, as compared to the HBsAg-/HBeAg- group. A series of novel PLC-related mutations including A2159G, A2189C and G2203W at the C gene, A799G, A987G and T1055A at the P gene of HBV genome were identified by using samples from the cohort. The mutation in hepatitis B virus (HBV) basal core promoter region of HBV genome has an accumulative effect on the occurrence of PLC. In addition, the tripartite relationship of aflatoxin exposure, P53 mutation and PLC was also investigated. Dynamic prediction model for PLC risk by using its long-term follow-up information and serial blood samples for QBC was developed. This model is expected to improve the efficiency of PLC screening in HBV infection individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taoyang Chen
- Department of Etiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong People’s Hospital, Qidong, 226200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gengsun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunsun Fan
- Department of Etiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong People’s Hospital, Qidong, 226200, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Etiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong People’s Hospital, Qidong, 226200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinbing Wang
- Department of Etiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong People’s Hospital, Qidong, 226200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peixin Lu
- Department of Etiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong People’s Hospital, Qidong, 226200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuefeng Xue
- Department of Etiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong People’s Hospital, Qidong, 226200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Etiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong People’s Hospital, Qidong, 226200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinan Zhang
- Department of Etiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong People’s Hospital, Qidong, 226200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianquan Lu
- Department of Etiology, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong People’s Hospital, Qidong, 226200, Jiangsu, China
| | - Thomas W. Kensler
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John D. Groopman
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li H, Tian Z, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Shi B, Hou P, Ji M. Increased copy number of mitochondrial DNA predicts poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1014-1020. [PMID: 29422970 PMCID: PMC5772934 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Change in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number has been reported in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, its prognostic implication in ESCC remains largely unknown. Using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assay, the mtDNA copy number was assessed in a cohort of patients with ESCC (n=141) and normal esophageal tissues (n=45), and the association between variable mtDNA levels and clinical outcomes of patients with ESCC were studied. Data revealed that ESCC patients exhibited an increased mtDNA content compared to control subjects. Furthermore, increased mtDNA content was associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer-associated mortality. This molecular event was associated with poorer survival in patients with ESCC, and was an independent predictor of patient survival. Data demonstrated that increased mtDNA content is a common genetic event in ESCC and may be a predictive factor of poor prognosis for ESCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Zhufang Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Meiju Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Song X, Li WQ, Hu N, Zhao XK, Wang Z, Hyland PL, Jiang T, Kong GQ, Su H, Wang C, Wang L, Sun L, Fan ZM, Meng H, Zhang TJ, Ji LF, Hu SJ, Han WL, Wu MJ, Zheng PY, Lv S, Li XM, Zhou FY, Burdett L, Ding T, Qiao YL, Fan JH, Han XY, Giffen C, Tucker MA, Dawsey SM, Freedman ND, Chanock SJ, Abnet CC, Taylor PR, Wang LD, Goldstein AM. GWAS follow-up study of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma identifies potential genetic loci associated with family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4642. [PMID: 28680059 PMCID: PMC5498542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on our initial genome-wide association study (GWAS) on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Han Chinese, we conducted a follow-up study to examine the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with family history (FH) of upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGI) cancer in cases with ESCC. We evaluated the association between SNPs and FH of UGI cancer among ESCC cases in a stage-1 case-only analysis of the National Cancer Institute (NCI, 541 cases with FH and 1399 without FH) and Henan GWAS (493 cases with FH and 869 without FH) data (discovery phase). The top SNPs (or their surrogates) from discovery were advanced to a stage-2 evaluation in additional Henan subjects (2801 cases with FH and 3136 without FH, replication phase). A total of 19 SNPs were associated with FH of UGI cancer in ESCC cases with P < 10-5 in the stage-1 meta-analysis of NCI and Henan GWAS data. In stage-2, the association for rs79747906 (located at 18p11.31, P = 5.79 × 10-6 in discovery) was replicated (P = 0.006), with a pooled-OR of 1.59 (95%CI: 1.11-2.28). We identified potential genetic variants associated with FH of UGI cancer. Our findings may provide important insights into new low-penetrance susceptibility regions involved in the susceptibility of families with multiple UGI cancer cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qing Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xue Ke Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.,Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Paula L Hyland
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P.R. China
| | - Guo Qiang Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hua Su
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chaoyu Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lemin Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Li Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zong Min Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hui Meng
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P.R. China
| | - Tang Juan Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ling Fen Ji
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shou Jia Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li Han
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P.R. China
| | - Min Jie Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, 450052, China
| | - Peng Yuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, 450052, China
| | - Shuang Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, 450052, China
| | - Xue Min Li
- Department of Pathology, Cixian Hospital, Cixian, Hebei, 056500, P.R. China
| | - Fu You Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, 455000, P.R. China
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ti Ding
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Hu Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-You Han
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Carol Giffen
- Information Management Services, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sanford M Dawsey
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Li-Dong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P.R. China.
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shen X, Wang L, Zhu L. Spatial Analysis of Regional Factors and Lung Cancer Mortality in China, 1973-2013. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:569-577. [PMID: 28223434 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: China's lung cancer crude death rate has increased 6.9-fold from 1973 to 2014. During this time, the country experienced extremely rapid economic growth and social change. It is important to understand the effects of risk factors on lung cancer mortality (LCM) for better allocation of limited resources of cancer prevention and control in China.Methods: Using three nationwide mortality surveys from 1973 to 2005, Global Health Data Exchange data in 2013, three nationwide smoking surveys from 1984 to 2013, four population censuses from 1964 to 2000, and other datasets, we have compiled datasets and developed spatial random effect models to assess the association of various area-level-contributing factors on LCM. Spatial scan statistics are used to detect high-risk clusters of LCM.Results: LCM is higher in urban and more industrialized areas (RR = 1.17) compared with those in rural areas. The level of industrial development's effect is higher for men, which accounts for about 70% of all LCM. Smoking is positively associated with regional variation of LCM rates, and the effect is higher for women than for men.Conclusions: The geographic pattern of high LCM in China is different from that of Western countries. LCM is positively associated with higher socioeconomic status, with more urbanized areas at a higher level of industrial development.Impact: There is a need to further explore additional risk in the high-risk clusters. The study is about China, but this situation may happen in other countries experiencing rapid industrialization and other developing countries. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(4); 569-77. ©2017 AACRSee all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Geospatial Approaches to Cancer Control and Population Sciences."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Shen
- Department of Geography, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut
| | - Limin Wang
- Division of Surveillance, National Center for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Esophageal cancer in high-risk areas of China: research progress and challenges. Ann Epidemiol 2016; 27:215-221. [PMID: 28007352 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The extremely high incidence of esophageal cancer in certain rural areas of China has prompted significant intellectual curiosity and research efforts both in China and abroad. METHODS We summarize the research progress over the past several decades in high-risk areas (Linxian, Cixian, Shexian, and Yanting) based on literature research and our field trip (2012-2013). RESULTS Considerable progress in clarifying the environmental risk factors and pathogenesis of esophageal cancer in high-risk areas has been achieved over the past several decades. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that carcinogen exposure and nutritional deficiency, rather than smoking and drinking, may be the major risk factors for esophageal cancer in the Taihang Mountains region, where the incidence of esophageal cancer is among the highest in the world. Two genome-wide association studies have identified variants in PLCE1 at 10q23 that are significantly associated with esophageal cancer risk. Recent whole-exome studies have revealed a comprehensive mutation pattern, in which the C>T transition is the predominant mutation type. CONCLUSIONS Despite extensive research, the main causative factors that contribute to esophageal cancer in high-risk areas have not yet been elucidated. Challenges in this research area include determining the causative role of nitrosamine, identifying other potential carcinogens, and conducting fruitful international collaborative studies based on a multidisciplinary approach. Increased international collaboration will contribute to a better understanding of the etiology of esophageal cancer.
Collapse
|
29
|
d’Onofrio A, Mazzetta C, Robertson C, Smans M, Boyle P, Boniol M. Maps and atlases of cancer mortality: a review of a useful tool to trigger new questions. Ecancermedicalscience 2016; 10:670. [PMID: 27610196 PMCID: PMC5014559 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2016.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we illustrate our view on the epidemiological relevance of geographically mapping cancer mortality. In the first part of this work, after delineating the history of cancer mapping with a view on interpretation of Cancer Mortality Atlases, we briefly illustrate the 'art' of cancer mapping. Later we summarise in a non-mathematical way basic methods of spatial statistics. In the second part of this paper, we employ the 'Atlas of Cancer Mortality in the European Union and the European Economic Area 1993-1997' in order to illustrate spatial aspects of cancer mortality in Europe. In particular, we focus on the cancer related to tobacco and alcohol epidemics and on breast cancer which is of particular interest in cancer mapping. Here we suggest and reiterate two key concepts. The first is that a cancer atlas is not only a visual tool, but it also contain appropriate spatial statistical analyses that quantify the qualitative visual impressions to the readers even though at times revealing fallacy. The second is that a cancer atlas is by no means a book where answers to questions can be found. On the contrary, it ought to be considered as a tool to trigger new questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Mazzetta
- IstitutoEuropeo di Oncologia Milano 20141, Italy
- Chiara passed away in November 2010
| | | | - Michel Smans
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon 69006, France
| | - Peter Boyle
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon 69006, France
- Strathclyde University, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Mathieu Boniol
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon 69006, France
- Strathclyde University, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhou M, Wang H, Zhu J, Chen W, Wang L, Liu S, Li Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Yin P, Liu J, Yu S, Tan F, Barber RM, Coates MM, Dicker D, Fraser M, González-Medina D, Hamavid H, Hao Y, Hu G, Jiang G, Kan H, Lopez AD, Phillips MR, She J, Vos T, Wan X, Xu G, Yan LL, Yu C, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Zou X, Naghavi M, Wang Y, Murray CJL, Yang G, Liang X. Cause-specific mortality for 240 causes in China during 1990-2013: a systematic subnational analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2016; 387:251-72. [PMID: 26510778 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 936] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND China has experienced a remarkable epidemiological and demographic transition during the past three decades. Far less is known about this transition at the subnational level. Timely and accurate assessment of the provincial burden of disease is needed for evidence-based priority setting at the local level in China. METHODS Following the methods of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we have systematically analysed all available demographic and epidemiological data sources for China at the provincial level. We developed methods to aggregate county-level surveillance data to inform provincial-level analysis, and we used local data to develop specific garbage code redistribution procedures for China. We assessed levels of and trends in all-cause mortality, causes of death, and years of life lost (YLL) in all 33 province-level administrative units in mainland China, all of which we refer to as provinces, for the years between 1990 and 2013. FINDINGS All provinces in mainland China have made substantial strides to improve life expectancy at birth between 1990 and 2013. Increases ranged from 4.0 years in Hebei province to 14.2 years in Tibet. Improvements in female life expectancy exceeded those in male life expectancy in all provinces except Shanghai, Macao, and Hong Kong. We saw significant heterogeneity among provinces in life expectancy at birth and probability of death at ages 0-14, 15-49, and 50-74 years. Such heterogeneity is also present in cause of death structures between sexes and provinces. From 1990 to 2013, leading causes of YLLs changed substantially. In 1990, 16 of 33 provinces had lower respiratory infections or preterm birth complications as the leading causes of YLLs. 15 provinces had cerebrovascular disease and two (Hong Kong and Macao) had ischaemic heart disease. By 2013, 27 provinces had cerebrovascular disease as the leading cause, five had ischaemic heart disease, and one had lung cancer (Hong Kong). Road injuries have become a top ten cause of death in all provinces in mainland China. The most common non-communicable diseases, including ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancers (liver, stomach, and lung), contributed much more to YLLs in 2013 compared with 1990. INTERPRETATION Rapid transitions are occurring across China, but the leading health problems and the challenges imposed on the health system by epidemiological and demographic change differ between groups of Chinese provinces. Localised health policies need to be implemented to tackle the diverse challenges faced by local health-care systems. FUNDING China National Science & Technology Pillar Program 2013 (2013BAI04B02) and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Haidong Wang
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- National Office of MCH Surveillance of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanqing Chen
- Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linhong Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yichong Li
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yunning Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangmei Liu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Tan
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ryan M Barber
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew M Coates
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Dicker
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maya Fraser
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diego González-Medina
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hannah Hamavid
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yuantao Hao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guohong Jiang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Alan D Lopez
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael R Phillips
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jun She
- Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Theo Vos
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xia Wan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gelin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonong Zou
- Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mohsen Naghavi
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Christopher J L Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Xiaofeng Liang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lin H, Ning B, Li J, Zhao G, Huang Y, Tian L. Temporal trend of mortality from major cancers in Xuanwei, China. Front Med 2015; 9:487-95. [PMID: 26303302 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-015-0413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although a number of studies have examined the etiology of lung cancer in Xuanwei County, China, other types of cancer in this county have not been reported systematically. This study aimed to investigate the temporal trend of eight major cancers in Xuanwei County using data from three mortality surveys (1973-1975, 1990-1992, and 2004-2005). The Chinese population in 1990 was used as a standard population to calculate agestandardized mortality rates. Cancers of lung, liver, breast, brain, esophagus, leukemia, rectum, and stomach were identified as the leading cancers in this county in terms of mortality rate. During the three time periods, lung cancer remained as the most common type of cancer. The mortality rates for all other types of cancer were lower than those of the national average, but an increasing trend was observed for all the cancers, particularly from 1990-1992 to 2004-2005. The temporal trend could be partly explained by changes in risk factors, but it also may be due to the improvement in cancer diagnosis and screening. Further epidemiological studies are warranted to systematically examine the underlying reasons for the temporal trend of the major cancers in Xuanwei County.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Bofu Ning
- Xuanwei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuanwei, 655400, China
| | - Jihua Li
- Qujing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qujing, 655000, China
| | - Guangqiang Zhao
- Yunnan Province Tumor Hospital and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Yunnan Province Tumor Hospital and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rosso S, Zanetti R. Quality of information and cancer care planning in China: a commentary to the report of cancer incidence and mortality in China. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2014; 2:66. [PMID: 25333041 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.06.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rosso
- 1 Chairman of the European Network of Cancer Registries (ENCR); 2 Piedmont Cancer Registry - CPO Piedmont Reference Centre for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy ; 3 Chairman of the International Association of Cancer Registries (IACR)
| | - Roberto Zanetti
- 1 Chairman of the European Network of Cancer Registries (ENCR); 2 Piedmont Cancer Registry - CPO Piedmont Reference Centre for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy ; 3 Chairman of the International Association of Cancer Registries (IACR)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li WQ, Hu N, Burton VH, Yang HH, Su H, Conway CM, Wang L, Wang C, Ding T, Xu Y, Giffen C, Abnet CC, Goldstein AM, Hewitt SM, Taylor PR. PLCE1 mRNA and protein expression and survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:1579-1588. [PMID: 24867265 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline genetic variants in PLCE1 (10q23) have demonstrated consistent associations with risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cancer among Chinese. We evaluated PLCE1 mRNA and protein expression in paired tumor-normal tissues, and their relationship with survival. METHODS PLCE1 mRNA was profiled using three probes in the Affymetrix GeneChip U133 for paired tumor-normal tissues of ESCC (n = 132), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA, n = 62), and gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA, n = 72). We used immunohistochemistry to detect PLCE1 protein on slides from tissue microarrays in paired tumor-normal tissues of ESCC (n = 303), and tumors of GCA (n = 298) and GNCA (n = 124). RESULTS Compared with normal tissues, PLCE1 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in ESCC tumors (P = 0.03, probe_205112_at), as well as in GCA and GNCA tumors (P < 0.0001, each probe). Protein expression was nonsignificantly reduced in ESCC tumors (P = 0.51). Increased tumor-normal mRNA fold change (probe_205112_at) was associated with longer survival in ESCC (9.6 months for highest vs. lowest quartile; Ptrend = 0.02). Increased mRNA tumor-normal fold change (probe_205111_at) was associated with longer survival for GCA (10.7 months for highest quartile; Ptrend = 0.04), but not for GNCA cases (P = 0.72). Similar to mRNA, elevated tumor-normal fold change for protein in ESCC was also associated with improved survival (8.1 months for highest quartile; Ptrend = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Dysregulated PLCE1 mRNA expression was observed for both ESCC (one probe only) and GCA tumors, and the altered PLCE1 expression seems to be associated with cancer prognosis. IMPACT A potential role for PLCE1 in the early detection and/or therapy of ESCC and GCA warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Victoria H Burton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Howard H Yang
- Office of the Director, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hua Su
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Catherine M Conway
- Tissue Array Research Program, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lemin Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Chaoyu Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Ti Ding
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yi Xu
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Carol Giffen
- Information Management Services, Inc., Silver Spring, MD
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Tissue Array Research Program, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li M, Yang X, Shi H, Ren H, Chen X, Zhang S, Zhu J, Zhang J. Downregulated expression of the cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) reduces migration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013; 43:856-64. [PMID: 23904342 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyt093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overexpression of cyclase-associated proteins has been associated with poor prognosis in several human cancers. Cyclase-associated protein 1 is a member of the cyclase-associated proteins which contributes to tumor progression. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of cyclase-associated protein 1 and to elucidate its clinicopathologic significance in a larger series of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses were performed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues. Survival analyses were performed by using the Kaplan-Meier method. The role of cyclase-associated protein 1 in migration was studied in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines of TE1 through knocking down cyclase-associated protein 1 with siRNA and overexpression of cyclase-associated protein 1. The regulation of cyclase-associated protein 1 on migration was determined by transwell and wound-healing assays. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis showed that cyclase-associated protein 1 expression was negatively associated with E-cadherin and significantly associated with lymph node metastases. Survival analysis revealed that cyclase-associated protein 1 overexpression was significantly associated with overall survival (P = 0.011). Knock down of cyclase-associated protein 1 in TE1 cells resulted in decreased vimentin and F-actin levels and the capability for migration. In addition, overexpression of cyclase-associated protein 1 promoted the migration of TE1 cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that cyclase-associated protein 1 is involved in the metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and that elevated levels of cyclase-associated protein 1 expression may indicate a poor prognosis for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li WQ, Hu N, Hyland PL, Gao Y, Wang ZM, Yu K, Su H, Wang CY, Wang LM, Chanock SJ, Burdett L, Ding T, Qiao YL, Fan JH, Wang Y, Xu Y, Shi JX, Gu F, Wheeler W, Xiong XQ, Giffen C, Tucker MA, Dawsey SM, Freedman ND, Abnet CC, Goldstein AM, Taylor PR. Genetic variants in DNA repair pathway genes and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma in a Chinese population. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1536-42. [PMID: 23504502 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA repair pathways help to maintain genomic integrity and therefore genetic variation in the pathways could affect the propensity to develop cancer. Selected germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the pathways have been associated with esophageal cancer and gastric cancer (GC) but few studies have comprehensively examined the pathway genes. We aimed to investigate associations between DNA repair pathway genes and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and GC, using data from a genome-wide association study in a Han Chinese population where ESCC and GC are the predominant cancers. In sum, 1942 ESCC cases, 1758 GC cases and 2111 controls from the Shanxi Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetics Project (discovery set) and the Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials (replication set) were genotyped for 1675 SNPs in 170 DNA repair-related genes. Logistic regression models were applied to evaluate SNP-level associations. Gene- and pathway-level associations were determined using the resampling-based adaptive rank-truncated product approach. The DNA repair pathways overall were significantly associated with risk of ESCC (P = 6.37 × 10(-4)), but not with GC (P = 0.20). The most significant gene in ESCC was CHEK2 (P = 2.00 × 10(-6)) and in GC was CLK2 (P = 3.02 × 10(-4)). We observed several other genes significantly associated with either ESCC (SMUG1, TDG, TP53, GTF2H3, FEN1, POLQ, HEL308, RAD54B, MPG, FANCE and BRCA1) or GC risk (MRE11A, RAD54L and POLE) (P < 0.05). We provide evidence for an association between specific genes in the DNA repair pathways and the risk of ESCC and GC. Further studies are warranted to validate these associations and to investigate underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
High mitochondrial DNA copy number and bioenergetic function are associated with tumor invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:11228-11246. [PMID: 23109849 PMCID: PMC3472741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130911228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a gradual increase of relative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number during the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Because mitochondria are the intracellular organelles responsible for ATP production, we investigated the associations among mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial bioenergetic function, tumor invasion and the expression levels of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in a series of seven ESCC cell lines, including 48T, 81T, 146T, TE1, TE2, TE6 and TE9. Among them, TE1 had the highest relative mtDNA copy number of 240.7%. The mRNA of mtDNA-encoded ND1 gene (2.80), succinate-supported oxygen consumption rate (11.21 nmol/min/10(6) cells), ATP content (10.7 fmol/cell), and the protein level of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were the highest and the lactate concentration in the culture medium (3.34 mM) was the lowest in TE1. These findings indicate that TE1 exhibited the highest bioenergetic function of mitochondria. Furthermore, TE1 showed the highest trans-well migration activity of 223.0 cells/field, the highest vimentin but the lowest E-cadherin protein expression levels, which suggest that TE1 had the highest invasion capability. We then conducted a knockdown study using pLKO.1-based lentiviral particles to infect TE1 cells to suppress the expression of TFAM. Molecular analyses of the parental TE1, control TE1-NT and TFAM knockdown TE1-sh-TFAM(97) cells were performed. Interestingly, as compared to the control TE1-NT, TE1-sh-TFAM(97) exhibited lower levels of the relative mtDNA copy number (p = 0.001), mRNA of mtDNA-encoded ND1 gene (p = 0.050), succinate-supported oxygen consumption rate (p = 0.065), and ATP content (p = 0.007), but had a higher lactate concentration in the culture medium (p = 0.010) and higher protein level of lactate dehydrogenase. A decline in mitochondrial bioenergetic function was observed in TE1-sh-TFAM(97). Significantly, compared to the control TE1-NT, TE1-sh-TFAM(97) had a lower trans-well migration activity (p < 0.001), a higher E-cadherin level but a lower vimentin protein level, which indicates a decrease of invasiveness. Taken together, we suggest that high relative mtDNA copy number and bioenergetic function of mitochondria may confer an advantage for tumor invasion of ESCC.
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen Z, Chen J, Collins R, Guo Y, Peto R, Wu F, Li L. China Kadoorie Biobank of 0.5 million people: survey methods, baseline characteristics and long-term follow-up. Int J Epidemiol 2011; 40:1652-66. [PMID: 22158673 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyr120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large blood-based prospective studies can provide reliable assessment of the complex interplay of lifestyle, environmental and genetic factors as determinants of chronic disease. METHODS The baseline survey of the China Kadoorie Biobank took place during 2004-08 in 10 geographically defined regions, with collection of questionnaire data, physical measurements and blood samples. Subsequently, a re-survey of 25,000 randomly selected participants was done (80% responded) using the same methods as in the baseline. All participants are being followed for cause-specific mortality and morbidity, and for any hospital admission through linkages with registries and health insurance (HI) databases. RESULTS Overall, 512,891 adults aged 30-79 years were recruited, including 41% men, 56% from rural areas and mean age was 52 years. The prevalence of ever-regular smoking was 74% in men and 3% in women. The mean blood pressure was 132/79 mmHg in men and 130/77 mmHg in women. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.4 kg/m(2) in men and 23.8 kg/m(2) in women, with only 4% being obese (>30 kg/m(2)), and 3.2% being diabetic. Blood collection was successful in 99.98% and the mean delay from sample collection to processing was 10.6 h. For each of the main baseline variables, there is good reproducibility but large heterogeneity by age, sex and study area. By 1 January 2011, over 10,000 deaths had been recorded, with 91% of surviving participants already linked to HI databases. CONCLUSION This established large biobank will be a rich and powerful resource for investigating genetic and non-genetic causes of many common chronic diseases in the Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hu J, La Vecchia C, de Groh M, Negri E, Morrison H, Mery L. Dietary cholesterol intake and cancer. Ann Oncol 2011; 23:491-500. [PMID: 21543628 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assesses the association between dietary cholesterol intake and the risk of various cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Mailed questionnaires were completed between 1994 and 1997 in eight Canadian provinces by 1182 incident histologically confirmed cases of the stomach, 1727 of the colon, 1447 of the rectum, 628 of the pancreas, 3341 of the lung, 2362 of the breast, 442 of the ovary, 1799 of the prostate, 686 of the testis, 1345 of the kidney, 1029 of the bladder, 1009 of the brain, 1666 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), 1069 leukemia and 5039 population controls. Information on dietary habits and nutrition intake were obtained using a food frequency questionnaire, which provided data on eating habits 2 years before the study. Odds ratios (ORs) were derived by unconditional logistic regression to adjust for total energy intake and other potential confounding factors. RESULTS Dietary cholesterol was positively associated with the risk of cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, lung, breast (mainly postmenopausal), kidney, bladder and NHL: the ORs for the highest versus the lowest quartile ranged from 1.4 to 1.7. In contrast, cholesterol intake was inversely associated with prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our findings add to the evidence that high cholesterol intake is linked to increased risk of various cancers. A diet low in cholesterol may play a role in the prevention of several cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hu
- Science Integration Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wei Z, Xie Y, Xu J, Luo Y, Chen F, Yang Y, Huang Q, Tang A, Huang G. Radiation-induced sarcoma of head and neck: 50 years of experience at a single institution in an endemic area of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China. Med Oncol 2011; 29:670-6. [PMID: 21259056 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-9828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced sarcoma in the head and neck (RISHN) is a rare condition whose clinical presentation and management remain difficult because of its low incidence. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the symptoms, diagnosis, and the treatment of 16,634 patients with head and neck disease, who received radiotherapy between 1960 and 2010 at the Affiliated Tumor Hospital and its predecessor, Guangxi Medical University, China. Among these patients, 16 with a first tumor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 1 with squamous carcinoma of the tongue met the criteria of RISHN in the head and neck. Our epidemiological data showed that the incidence of RISHN rose from 0.06 to 0.17% from 1960 to 2010; the 3-year overall survival rate was 19.1%, and 3-year disease-free survival rate was 11.1%. The mean latency (SD) period was 93.2 (33) months. Based on the experiences at our institution, we suggest that RISHN is a rare complication after radiotherapy for head and neck tumors, especially NPC. Owing to its low incidence, it should not be a major factor affecting decisions about radiotherapy. Nevertheless, there may be a possibility of increasing incidence of RISHN after radiotherapy of NPC, as shown in our epidemiological results. Given the poor prognosis of RISHN, this possibility should be taken into serious consideration before determination of high-dose radiotherapy for patients with NPC and other head and neck tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbo Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Tumor Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li H, Diao TY, Zhou ZY, Yang FY, Ma Q, Li QH. Relationship between the expression of hTERT and EYA4 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the progressive stages of carcinogenesis of the esophagus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2009; 28:145. [PMID: 19939248 PMCID: PMC2789727 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-28-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective To establish a relationship between esophageal squamous cell diseases and the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and Eyes absent 4 (EYA4) mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Methods Subjects were 50 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), 50 with dysplasia (ESCD), 50 with basal cell hyperplasia (BCH) and 50 controls. All subjects were residents of Feicheng County, Shandong Province, China , diagnosed by histopathology. Expression of hTERT and EYA4 mRNA in peripheral blood was determined by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The hTERT and EYA4 mRNA positive expression increased according to disease severity. At the cut-off value of ≥ 0.2, the positive expression rates of EYA4 were 14% for controls, 20.0% for BCH, 26% for ESCD and 52% for ESCC, respectively. At the cut-off value of ≥ 0.8, the positive expression rates of hTERT in the four groups were 24%, 30.0%, 52% and 80%, respectively. Using a positive value of 0.47 for EYA4, the testing sensitivities in the ESCD and ESCC groups were 4% and 16%, respectively, and the testing specificity increased to 100%. Using a positive value of 1.0 for hTERT, the testing sensitivities in the ESCD and ESCC groups were 48% and 60%, respectively, and the testing specificity increased to 72%. The testing sensitivities in the predicting ESCD and ESCC in the discriminant model including EYA4 and hTERT and the five traditional risk factors (sex, age, smoking, alcohol drinking, and family history of esophageal cancer) were 70% and 80%, and testing specificities were 76% and 88% respectively. However, the testing sensitivities and specificities in the predicting ESCD and ESCC in the model only including the above five traditional risk factors were lower than that in the former case. Conclusion EYA4 and hTERT mRNA expression increased with the severity of esophageal pathological changes and may be useful for identifying high-risk endoscopy candidates or for monitoring changes in premalignant esophageal lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Tumor Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lin CS, Chang SC, Wei YH, Chou TY, Wu YC, Lin HC, Wang LS, Hsu WH. Prognostic variables in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 87:1056-65. [PMID: 19324127 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. The current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM cancer staging system focusing on the effect of regional (N1) and nonregional lymph node (M1a and M1b) metastasis may need reappraisal. We investigated the role of the number of dissected and positive nodes in TESCC patients. METHODS A total of 109 TESCC patients (97 men; mean age of 62.3 years) who underwent surgical resection were retrospectively analyzed. The current AJCC TNM system and other lymph node classifications were used to subgroup these patients and analyze survival differences. Previously reported prognostic factors were evaluated. RESULTS Patients with positive lymph node metastasis had a poor prognosis (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in survival among the 67 node-positive patients subdivided into subgroups with 1 to 3 and 4 or more positive nodes (p = 0.004). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis identified four independent prognostic factors: difficulty in swallowing (p = 0.024), cigarette smoking (p = 0.003), number of positive lymph nodes (0, 1 to 3, and > or = 4; p < 0.001), and gastric cardia invasion (p = 0.012). Total dissection of at least 20 lymph nodes was the minimal requirement to achieve accurate nodal staging. CONCLUSIONS Dissection of more than 20 lymph nodes is mandatory in TESCC patients to achieve accurate staging. Positive lymph node metastasis of 4 or higher is a significant independent prognostic factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Sung Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Qiao YL, Dawsey SM, Kamangar F, Fan JH, Abnet CC, Sun XD, Johnson LL, Gail MH, Dong ZW, Yu B, Mark SD, Taylor PR. Total and cancer mortality after supplementation with vitamins and minerals: follow-up of the Linxian General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101:507-18. [PMID: 19318634 PMCID: PMC2664089 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djp037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial was a randomized primary esophageal and gastric cancer prevention trial conducted from 1985 to 1991, in which 29,584 adult participants in Linxian, China, were given daily vitamin and mineral supplements. Treatment with "factor D," a combination of 50 microg selenium, 30 mg vitamin E, and 15 mg beta-carotene, led to decreased mortality from all causes, cancer overall, and gastric cancer. Here, we present 10-year follow-up after the end of active intervention. METHODS Participants were assessed by periodic data collection, monthly visits by village health workers, and quarterly review of the Linxian Cancer Registry. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the cumulative effects of four vitamin and mineral supplementation regimens were calculated using adjusted proportional hazards models. RESULTS Through May 31, 2001, 276 participants were lost to follow-up; 9727 died, including 3242 from cancer (1515 from esophageal cancer and 1199 from gastric cancer). Participants who received factor D had lower overall mortality (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.91 to 0.99; P = .009; reduction in cumulative mortality from 33.62% to 32.19%) and gastric cancer mortality (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.79 to 1.00; P = .043; reduction in cumulative gastric cancer mortality from 4.28% to 3.84%) than subjects who did not receive factor D. Reductions were mostly attributable to benefits to subjects younger than 55 years. Esophageal cancer deaths between those who did and did not receive factor D were not different overall; however, decreased 17% among participants younger than 55 (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.71 to 0.98; P = .025) but increased 14% among those aged 55 years or older (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.30; P = .047) [corrected]. Vitamin A and zinc supplementation was associated with increased total and stroke mortality; vitamin C and molybdenum supplementation, with decreased stroke mortality. CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of selenium, vitamin E, and beta-carotene on mortality were still evident up to 10 years after the cessation of supplementation and were consistently greater in younger participants. Late effects of other supplementation regimens were also observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Qiao
- Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Relationship between oxidized LDL antibodies and different stages of esophageal carcinoma. Arch Med Res 2008; 39:760-7. [PMID: 18996289 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL-Ab) with esophageal carcinogenic progression. METHODS All 40- to 69-year-old residents from Feicheng were screened for esophageal lesions by endoscopic staining with 1.2% iodine solution combined with pathological evaluations. In this study there were 33 controls with normal esophageal squamous epithelium cells, 37 patients with basal cell hyperplasia, 47 with esophageal squamous cell dysplasia, and 43 with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). OxLDL-Ab was determined by ELISA. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides, serum albumin and blood pressure were co-estimated. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used when comparing oxLDL-Ab among the four groups to control the influence of covariates. Cumulative logistic model was applied to study the influencing factors for the multistage development of esophageal carcinoma. RESULTS The level of oxLDL-Ab decreased gradually along with the different stages of esophageal carcinogenic progression, with the ESCC group being the lowest after controlling for possible covariates. Cumulative logistic model showed that oxLDL-Ab had a negative correlation with the development of esophageal carcinoma. LDL, HDL, and TC were also decreased in patients with ESCC. CONCLUSIONS Antibodies against oxLDL were decreased in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Although the unambiguous role of oxLDL-Ab needs further studies to elucidate, the results may give us some insight in the research of etiological factors for esophagael cancer in the future.
Collapse
|
44
|
Yang YF, Li H, Xu XQ, Diao YT, Fang XQ, Wang Y, Zhao DL, Wu K, Li HQ. An expression of squamous cell carcinoma antigen 2 in peripheral blood within the different stages of esophageal carcinogenesis. Dis Esophagus 2008; 21:395-401. [PMID: 19125792 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2007.00789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The malignant transformation of esophageal mucosa is a progressive process, which includes basal cell hyperplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The objectives of this study were to prove the relationship of squamous cell carcinoma antigen 2 (SCCA2) mRNA expression in peripheral blood with non-malignant lesion, premalignant lesion, and carcinoma of the esophagus at the same assay, as well as to evaluate whether or not SCCA2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood may be a biomarker for monitoring the premalignant lesion of the disease. The subjects consisted of 50 patients with basal cell hyperplasia, 50 patients with dysplasia, 50 patients with ESCC (12 carcinoma in situ, 38 carcinoma in invasive stage), and 50 controls who were pathologically diagnosed to be normal and whose esophageal mucosa were stained brown by iodine. All the subjects are residents of Feicheng, China, which is considered an area with a high incidence of esophageal cancer. All subjects were diagnosed by two separate histopathologists, and the expression of SCCA2 mRNA in peripheral blood was detected by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, SCCA2 concentration in the serum was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the cancer group, SCCA2 mRNA expression was also detected in 20 tissues of esophageal cancer. By using the band intensity ratios of SCCA2 to beta-actin, with a positive cut-off value of > or = 0.4, the positive rates of the SCCA2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood were found to be 82% (41/50), 60% (30/50), 48% (24/50), and 36% (18/50) in the cancer, dysplasia, basal cell hyperplasia, and control groups, respectively. The positive rate of the cancer group was significantly different from the three other groups (P < 0.05), and there was also a significant difference in the SCCA2 mRNA expression between the dysplasia group and the control group (chi(2)=5.769, P= 0.016). In the multinomial logistic regression analysis, the odds ratios (ORs) were 1.71 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.73-3.99] in the basal cell hyperplasia group, 2.77 (95% CI, 1.14-6.71) in the dysplasia group, and 7.87 (95% CI, 2.88-21.55) in the cancer group after being adjusted for age, gender, smoking index, drinking index, and family history of esophageal cancer. The SCCA2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood was then divided into different grades according to the band intensity ratios of SCCA2 to beta-actin. By using a positive cut-off value of > or = 0.4, the testing sensitivities in the basal cell hyperplasia, dysplasia, and cancer groups were found to be 48%, 60%, and 82%, respectively, with the same testing specificity at 64%. On the other hand, SCCA2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood had a 97.5% agreement with that in tissue, and there was a significant correlation between the ELISA SCCA2 levels in the serum and the SCCA2 mRNA expression levels in the peripheral blood (r= 0.80, P= 0.01). The results indicate that SCCA2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood is linked with the different stages of esophageal pathological changes, despite the fact that SCCA2 mRNA was not a biomarker for screening early esophageal cancer. This knowledge may be useful in monitoring the processes of change that occur in esophageal premalignant lesions among subjects who live in a high-incidence area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y F Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Qi Y, Chiu JF, Wang L, Kwong DLW, He QY. Comparative proteomic analysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Proteomics 2005; 5:2960-71. [PMID: 15986332 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200401175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ranking as the fourth commonest cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) represents one of the leading causes of cancer death in China. One of the main reasons for the low survival rate is that neoplasms in esophagus are not detected until they have invaded into surrounding tissues or spread throughout the body at advanced stages. A better understanding of the malignant mechanism and early diagnosis are important for fighting ESCC. In this study, we used proteomics to analyze ESCC tissues, aiming at defining the proteomic features implicated in the multistage progression of esophageal carcinogenesis. Proteins that exhibited significantly different expressions were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting and validated by Western blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The protein changes were then correlated to the different grades of disease differentiation. Compared to those in adjacent normal epitheliums, the expression of 15 proteins including enolase, elongation factor Tu, isocitrate dehydrogenase, tubulin alpha-1 chain, tubulin beta-5 chain, actin (cytoplasmic 1), glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase, tropomyosin isoform 4 (TPM4), prohibitin, peroxiredoxin 1 (PRX1), manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), neuronal protein, and transgelin was up-regulated; and the expression of five proteins including TPM1, squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 (SCCA1), stratifin, peroxiredoxin 2 isoform a, and alpha B crystalline was down-regulated in cancer tissues with a statistical significance (p < 0.05). In addition, the differential expression of SCCA1, PRX1, MnSOD, TPM4, and prohibitin can be observed in precancerous lesions of ESCC. The expression of stratifin, prohibitin, and SCCA1 dropped with increasing dedifferentiation of ESCC. These data may suggest that these proteins contribute to the multistage process of carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and invasiveness of ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Qi
- Laboratory for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nandakumar A, Gupta PC, Gangadharan P, Visweswara RN, Parkin DM. Geographic pathology revisited: development of an atlas of cancer in India. Int J Cancer 2005; 116:740-54. [PMID: 15849747 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Information on 217,174 microscopically diagnosed cancers diagnosed in 2001-2002 was collected from pathology laboratories in 68 districts across India. Data collection took place primarily via the Internet. Average annual age-adjusted incidence rates for microscopically diagnosed cases (MAAR) by gender and site were calculated for each of the 593 districts in the country. The rates were compared to those from established population based cancer registries (PBCR). In 82 districts, the MAAR for 'all cancer sites' was above a "completeness" threshold of 36.2/100,000 (based on results of a rural PBCR). The results confirmed some known features of the geography of cancer in India, and brought to light new ones. Cancers of the mouth and tongue are particularly frequent in both genders in the southern states. Very high rates of nasopharynx cancer were found in the northeastern states (Nagaland, Manipur). There was clear geographic correlation between the rates of cervical and penile cancer, and a high rate of stomach and lung cancer (in both genders) in many districts of Mizoram State. The area of high risk for gallbladder cancer seems larger than suspected previously, involving a wide band of northern India. There is a belt of high incidence of thyroid cancer in females in southwest coastal districts. Other than identifying possible existence of high-risk areas of specific cancers, our study has recognized places where PBCR could be established. The study was remarkably cost-effective and the electronic data-capture methodology provides a model for health informatics in the setting of a developing country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambakumar Nandakumar
- National Cancer Registry Programme, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bangalore, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen Z, Lee L, Chen J, Collins R, Wu F, Guo Y, Linksted P, Peto R. Cohort profile: the Kadoorie Study of Chronic Disease in China (KSCDC). Int J Epidemiol 2005; 34:1243-9. [PMID: 16131516 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyi174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit (CTSU), Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang LD, Guo RF, Fan ZM, He X, Gao SS, Guo HQ, Matsuo K, Yin LM, Li JL. Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase promoter polymorphisms with genetic susceptibility to esophageal and cardia cancer in a Chinese high-risk population. Dis Esophagus 2005; 18:177-84. [PMID: 16045580 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2005.00492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TS) are key enzymes in folate metabolism, which is essential for normal DNA methylation and synthesis. Common polymorphisms at the MTHFR nucleotides position 677 (C-T) and a 28-bp tandem repeat polymorphism (2R or 3R) in the TS promoter enhancer region (TSER) have been reported to be functional and are supposed to disturb the normal DNA methylation and synthesis leading to carcinogenesis. To investigate the association between these polymorphisms and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA), we conducted a case-control study in the Anyang area where the incidence of ESCC is highest in northern China. Subjects consisted of 275 cases with ESCC, 129 cases with GCA and 310 sex- and age-matched cancer-free controls. The risk was evaluated in terms of age-sex adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by unconditional logistic regression model. The ORs for the MTHFR677TT genotype compared with the MTHFR677CC/CT genotype were 1.62 (95% CI = 1.15-2.30) and 1.81 (1.17-2.81) for ESCC and GCA, respectively. The ORs for the TSER 2R/2R genotype relative to the other genotypes were 2.44 (0.89-6.73) and 3.94 (1.29-12.0) for SCC and GCA, respectively. These findings indicated that the folate metabolism plays an important role in carcinogenesis of ESCC and GCA and the common functionally polymorphisms MTHFRC677T and TSER have substantial influence in this metabolic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L-D Wang
- Laboratory for Cancer Research, Experimental Center for Medicine, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen ZM, Liu BQ, Boreham J, Wu YP, Chen JS, Peto R. Smoking and liver cancer in China: case-control comparison of 36,000 liver cancer deaths vs. 17,000 cirrhosis deaths. Int J Cancer 2003; 107:106-12. [PMID: 12925964 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer and liver cirrhosis are common causes of death in China, where chronic lifelong hepatitis B infection is a major cause of both diseases. To help determine whether smoking is a cofactor for the development of liver cancer, we ascertained retrospectively the smoking habits of 36,000 adults who had died from liver cancer (cases) and 17,000 who had died from cirrhosis (controls) in 24 Chinese cities and 74 rural counties. Calculations of the smoker vs. nonsmoker risk ratios (RR) for liver cancer mortality were standardised for age and locality. Among adult men (aged 35+) there was a 36% excess risk of death from liver cancer among smokers (smoker vs. nonsmoker standardised risk ratio [RR] =1.36, with 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-1.43, 2p<0.00001; attributable fraction 18%). In the general male population this indicates absolute risks of death from liver cancer before age 70 of about 4% in smokers and 3% in nonsmokers (in the absence of other causes). Most liver cancer, however, occurs among the 10-12% of men with haematological evidence of chronic hepatitis B infection, so among them the corresponding risks would be about 33% in smokers and 25% in nonsmokers. The RR was approximately independent of age, was similar in urban and rural areas, was not significantly related to the age when smoking started but was significantly (p<0.001) greater for cigarette smokers than for smokers of other forms of tobacco. Among men who smoked only cigarettes, the RR was significantly (p<0.001 for trend) related to daily consumption, with a greater hazard among those who smoked 20/day (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.39-1.62) than among those who smoked fewer (mean 10/day: RR=1.32, 95% CI 1.23-1.41). Smoking was also associated with a significant excess of liver cancer death in women (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06-1.29, 2p=0.003; attributable fraction 3%), but fewer women (17%) than men (62%) were smokers, and their cigarette consumption per smoker was lower. Among women who smoked only cigarettes, there was a significantly greater hazard among those who smoked at least 20/day (mean 22/day: RR=1.45, 95% CI 1.18-1.79) than among those who smoked fewer (mean 8/day: RR=1.09, 95% CI 0.94-1.25). These associations indicate that tobacco is currently responsible for about 50,000 liver cancer deaths each year in China, chiefly among men with chronic HBV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Ming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Radcliffe Infirmary, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hara Y, Zheng Z, Evans SC, Malatjalian D, Riddell DC, Guernsey DL, Wang LD, Riabowol K, Casson AG. ING1 and p53 tumor suppressor gene alterations in adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction. Cancer Lett 2003; 192:109-16. [PMID: 12637159 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(02)00635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize molecular alterations of the recently reported candidate tumor suppressor gene, ING1, and to explore the relationship between ING1 and p53 in a well-defined series of adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction (AdEGJ). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays were used to characterize ING1 and p53 alterations, relative to histologically normal esophageal mucosa. Two tumors were found to have ING1 mutations: one novel missense mutation (AGC(Ser)-->ATC(Ile)) at codon 147, and one silent mutation (TCG(Ser)-->TCA(Ser)) at codon 173. Reduced expression of the two major alternatively spliced ING1 messenger RNA variants, p47(ING1a) and p33(ING1b) was variable, but was reduced (1.2-10-fold) in 12 of 19 AdEGJs compared to normal esophageal epithelium. No association between p53 and ING1 alterations was apparent. We conclude that reduced ING1 expression is frequently associated with AdEGJ tumorigenesis, further supporting its role as a tumor suppressor gene, and that ING1 expression is independent of p53 status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Hara
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N2, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|