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Laverdure S, Kazadi D, Kone K, Callier V, Dabitao D, Dennis D, Haidara MC, Hunsberger S, Mbaya OT, Ridzon R, Sereti I, Shaw-Saliba K. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in vaccine-naïve participants from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea, Liberia, and Mali. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 142:106985. [PMID: 38417612 PMCID: PMC11100347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.106985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The InVITE study, starting in August 2021, was designed to examine the immunogenicity of different vaccine regimens in several countries including the Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea, Liberia, and Mali. Prevaccination baseline samples were used to obtain estimates of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in the study population. METHODS Adult participants were enrolled upon receipt of their initial COVID-19 vaccine from August 2021 to June 2022. Demographic and comorbidity data were collected at the time of baseline sample collection. SARS-CoV-2 serum anti-Spike and anti-Nucleocapsid antibody levels were measured. RESULTS Samples tested included 1016, 375, 663, and 776, from DRC, Guinea, Liberia, and Mali, respectively. Only 0.8% of participants reported a prior positive SARS-CoV-2 test, while 83% and 68% had anti-Spike and anti-Nucleocapsid antibodies, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Overall SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 86% over the accrual period, suggesting a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Low rates of prior positive test results may be explained by asymptomatic infections, limited access to SARS-CoV-2 test kits and health care, and inadequate surveillance. These seroprevalence rates are from a convenience sample and may not be representative of the population in general, underscoring the need for timely, well-conducted surveillance as part of global pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Laverdure
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD.
| | - Donatien Kazadi
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Kadidia Kone
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Viviane Callier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD
| | - Djeneba Dabitao
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Dehkontee Dennis
- Partnership for Research on Vaccines and Infectious Diseases in Liberia (PREVAIL), Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Mory Cherif Haidara
- Partnership of Clinical Research in Guinea (PREGUI), Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Maferinyah, Maferinyah, Guinea
| | - Sally Hunsberger
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Olivier Tshiani Mbaya
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD
| | - Renee Ridzon
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Irini Sereti
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katy Shaw-Saliba
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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2
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Lingas G, Planas D, Péré H, Porrot F, Guivel-Benhassine F, Staropoli I, Duffy D, Chapuis N, Gobeaux C, Veyer D, Delaugerre C, Le Goff J, Getten P, Hadjadj J, Bellino A, Parfait B, Treluyer JM, Schwartz O, Guedj J, Kernéis S, Terrier B. Neutralizing Antibody Levels as a Correlate of Protection Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Modeling Analysis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024; 115:86-94. [PMID: 37795693 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Although anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 antibody kinetics have been described in large populations of vaccinated individuals, we still poorly understand how they evolve during a natural infection and how this impacts viral clearance. For that purpose, we analyzed the kinetics of both viral load and neutralizing antibody levels in a prospective cohort of individuals during acute infection with alpha variant. Using a mathematical model, we show that the progressive increase in neutralizing antibodies leads to a shortening of the half-life of both infected cells and infectious viral particles. We estimated that the neutralizing activity reached 90% of its maximal level within 11 days after symptom onset and could reduce the half-life of both infected cells and circulating virus by a 6-fold factor, thus playing a key role to achieve rapid viral clearance. Using this model, we conducted a simulation study to predict in a more general context the protection conferred by pre-existing neutralization titers, due to either vaccination or prior infection. We predicted that a neutralizing activity, as measured by 50% effective dose > 103 , could reduce by 46% the risk of having viral load detectable by standard polymerase chain reaction assays and by 98% the risk of having viral load above the threshold of infectiousness. Our model shows that neutralizing activity could be used to define correlates of protection against infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Delphine Planas
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- Virology Unit, Microbiology Department, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMRS1138 Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Porrot
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Chapuis
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Service d'hématologie biologique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Camille Gobeaux
- Department of Automated Biology, CHU de Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - David Veyer
- Virology Unit, Microbiology Department, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMRS1138 Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Constance Delaugerre
- Virology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U944, Biology of Emerging Viruses, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Le Goff
- Virology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U976, INSIGHT Team, Paris, France
| | | | - Jérôme Hadjadj
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Adèle Bellino
- URC-CIC Paris Centre Necker/Cochin, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Parfait
- Fédération des Centres de Ressources Biologiques - Plateformes de Ressources Biologiques AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Centre de Ressources Biologiques Cochin, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Treluyer
- Unité de Recherche clinique, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP.Centre - Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | | | - Solen Kernéis
- Université Paris Cité, IAME, INSERM, Paris, France
- Equipe de Prévention du Risque Infectieux (EPRI), AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Terrier
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
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3
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Alexandre M, Prague M, McLean C, Bockstal V, Douoguih M, Thiébaut R. Prediction of long-term humoral response induced by the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo vaccine against Ebola. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:174. [PMID: 37940656 PMCID: PMC10632397 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistence of the long-term immune response induced by the heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo two-dose vaccination regimen against Ebola has been investigated in several clinical trials. Longitudinal data on IgG-binding antibody concentrations were analyzed from 487 participants enrolled in six Phase I and Phase II clinical trials conducted by the EBOVAC1 and EBOVAC2 consortia. A model based on ordinary differential equations describing the dynamics of antibodies and short- and long-lived antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) was used to model the humoral response from 7 days after the second vaccination to a follow-up period of 2 years. Using a population-based approach, we first assessed the robustness of the model, which was originally estimated based on Phase I data, against all data. Then we assessed the longevity of the humoral response and identified factors that influence these dynamics. We estimated a half-life of the long-lived ASC of at least 15 years and found an influence of geographic region, sex, and age on the humoral response dynamics, with longer antibody persistence in Europeans and women and higher production of antibodies in younger participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Alexandre
- Department of Public Health, Bordeaux University, Inserm UMR 1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inria SISTM, Bordeaux, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Mélanie Prague
- Department of Public Health, Bordeaux University, Inserm UMR 1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inria SISTM, Bordeaux, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Chelsea McLean
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Viki Bockstal
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands
- ExeVir, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Rodolphe Thiébaut
- Department of Public Health, Bordeaux University, Inserm UMR 1219 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inria SISTM, Bordeaux, France.
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
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4
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Peterhoff D, Wiegrebe S, Einhauser S, Patt AJ, Beileke S, Günther F, Steininger P, Niller HH, Burkhardt R, Küchenhoff H, Gefeller O, Überla K, Heid IM, Wagner R. Population-based study of the durability of humoral immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1242536. [PMID: 37868969 PMCID: PMC10585261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 antibody quantity and quality are key markers of humoral immunity. However, there is substantial uncertainty about their durability. We investigated levels and temporal change of SARS-CoV-2 antibody quantity and quality. We analyzed sera (8 binding, 4 avidity assays for spike-(S-)protein and nucleocapsid-(N-)protein; neutralization) from 211 seropositive unvaccinated participants, from the population-based longitudinal TiKoCo study, at three time points within one year after infection with the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus. We found a significant decline of neutralization titers and binding antibody levels in most assays (linear mixed regression model, p<0.01). S-specific serum avidity increased markedly over time, in contrast to N-specific. Binding antibody levels were higher in older versus younger participants - a difference that disappeared for the asymptomatic-infected. We found stronger antibody decline in men versus women and lower binding and avidity levels in current versus never-smokers. Our comprehensive longitudinal analyses across 13 antibody assays suggest decreased neutralization-based protection and prolonged affinity maturation within one year after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Wiegrebe
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Einhauser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arisha J. Patt
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Beileke
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Günther
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Steininger
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans H. Niller
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Küchenhoff
- Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olaf Gefeller
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iris M. Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Miquel CH, Abbas F, Cenac C, Foret-Lucas C, Guo C, Ducatez M, Joly E, Hou B, Guéry JC. B cell-intrinsic TLR7 signaling is required for neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and pathogen-like COVID-19 vaccines. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350437. [PMID: 37438976 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) triggers antiviral immune responses through its capacity to recognize single-stranded RNA. TLR7 loss-of-function mutants are associated with life-threatening pneumonia in severe COVID-19 patients. Whereas TLR7-driven innate induction of type I IFN appears central to control SARS-CoV2 virus spreading during the first days of infection, the impact of TLR7-deficiency on adaptive B-cell immunity is less clear. In the present study, we examined the role of TLR7 in the adaptive B cells response to various pathogen-like antigens (PLAs). We used inactivated SARS-CoV2 and a PLA-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate designed to mimic SARS-CoV2 with encapsulated bacterial ssRNA as TLR7 ligands and conjugated with the RBD of the SARS-CoV2 Spike protein. Upon repeated immunization with inactivated SARS-CoV2 or PLA COVID-19 vaccine, we show that Tlr7-deficiency abolished the germinal center (GC)-dependent production of RBD-specific class-switched IgG2b and IgG2c, and neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV2. We also provide evidence for a non-redundant role for B-cell-intrinsic TLR7 in the promotion of RBD-specific IgG2b/IgG2c and memory B cells. Together, these data demonstrate that the GC reaction and class-switch recombination to the Myd88-dependent IgG2b/IgG2c in response to SARS-CoV2 or PLAs is strictly dependent on cell-intrinsic activation of TLR7 in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Henry Miquel
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Arthritis R&D, Neuilly-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Flora Abbas
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Cenac
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Foret-Lucas
- Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Chang Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mariette Ducatez
- Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, INRAe, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Joly
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Baidong Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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6
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Limoges MA, Quenum AJI, Chowdhury MMH, Rexhepi F, Namvarpour M, Akbari SA, Rioux-Perreault C, Nandi M, Lucier JF, Lemaire-Paquette S, Premkumar L, Durocher Y, Cantin A, Lévesque S, Dionne IJ, Menendez A, Ilangumaran S, Allard-Chamard H, Piché A, Ramanathan S. SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen-specific B cell and antibody responses in pre-vaccination period COVID-19 convalescent males and females with or without post-covid condition. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223936. [PMID: 37809081 PMCID: PMC10551145 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Following SARS-CoV-2 infection a significant proportion of convalescent individuals develop the post-COVID condition (PCC) that is characterized by wide spectrum of symptoms encompassing various organs. Even though the underlying pathophysiology of PCC is not known, detection of viral transcripts and antigens in tissues other than lungs raise the possibility that PCC may be a consequence of aberrant immune response to the viral antigens. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated B cell and antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 antigens in PCC patients who experienced mild COVID-19 disease during the pre-vaccination period of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The study subjects included unvaccinated male and female subjects who developed PCC or not (No-PCC) after clearing RT-PCR confirmed mild COVID-19 infection. SARS-CoV-2 D614G and omicron RBD specific B cell subsets in peripheral circulation were assessed by flow cytometry. IgG, IgG3 and IgA antibody titers toward RBD, spike and nucleocapsid antigens in the plasma were evaluated by ELISA. Results The frequency of the B cells specific to D614G-RBD were comparable in convalescent groups with and without PCC in both males and females. Notably, in females with PCC, the anti-D614G RBD specific double negative (IgD-CD27-) B cells showed significant correlation with the number of symptoms at acute of infection. Anti-spike antibody responses were also higher at 3 months post-infection in females who developed PCC, but not in the male PCC group. On the other hand, the male PCC group also showed consistently high anti-RBD IgG responses compared to all other groups. Conclusions The antibody responses to the spike protein, but not the anti-RBD B cell responses diverge between convalescent males and females who develop PCC. Our findings also suggest that sex-related factors may also be involved in the development of PCC via modulating antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Limoges
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Fjolla Rexhepi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mozhdeh Namvarpour
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sara Ali Akbari
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Rioux-Perreault
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Madhuparna Nandi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Lucier
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Samuel Lemaire-Paquette
- Unité de Recherche Clinique et épidémiologique, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yves Durocher
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - André Cantin
- Departments of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Lévesque
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CIUSSS de l’Estrie – CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle J. Dionne
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alfredo Menendez
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hugues Allard-Chamard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alain Piché
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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7
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Yu EA, Jackman RP, Glesby MJ, Narayan KV. Bidirectionality between Cardiometabolic Diseases and COVID-19: Role of Humoral Immunity. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1145-1158. [PMID: 37302794 PMCID: PMC10256583 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases and abnormalities have recently emerged as independent risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, including hospitalizations, invasive mechanical ventilation, and mortality. Determining whether and how this observation translates to more effective long-term pandemic mitigation strategies remains a challenge due to key research gaps. Specific pathways by which cardiometabolic pathophysiology affects humoral immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and vice versa, remain unclear. This review summarizes current evidence of the bidirectional influences between cardiometabolic diseases (diabetes, adiposity, hypertension, CVDs) and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies induced from infection and vaccination based on human studies. Ninety-two studies among >408,000 participants in 37 countries on 5 continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and South America) were included in this review. Obesity was associated with higher neutralizing antibody titers following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most studies conducted prior to vaccinations found positive or null associations between binding antibodies (levels, seropositivity) and diabetes; after vaccinations, antibody responses did not differ by diabetes. Hypertension and CVDs were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Findings underscore the importance of elucidating the extent that tailored recommendations for COVID-19 prevention, vaccination effectiveness, screening, and diagnoses among people with obesity could reduce disease burden caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A Yu
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
| | - Rachael P Jackman
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Marshall J Glesby
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Km Venkat Narayan
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Emory Global Diabetes Research Center of Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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8
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Kervevan J, Staropoli I, Slama D, Jeger-Madiot R, Donnadieu F, Planas D, Pietri MP, Loghmari-Bouchneb W, Alaba Tanah M, Robinot R, Boufassa F, White M, Salmon-Ceron D, Chakrabarti LA. Divergent adaptive immune responses define two types of long COVID. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1221961. [PMID: 37559726 PMCID: PMC10408302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of adaptive immune responses in long COVID remains poorly understood, with contrasting hypotheses suggesting either an insufficient antiviral response or an excessive immune response associated with inflammatory damage. To address this issue, we set to characterize humoral and CD4+ T cell responses in long COVID patients prior to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods Long COVID patients who were seropositive (LC+, n=28) or seronegative (LC-, n=23) by spike ELISA assay were recruited based on (i) an initial SARS-CoV-2 infection documented by PCR or the conjunction of three major signs of COVID-19 and (ii) the persistence or resurgence of at least 3 symptoms for over 3 months. They were compared to COVID patients with resolved symptoms (RE, n=29) and uninfected control individuals (HD, n=29). Results The spectrum of persistent symptoms proved similar in both long COVID groups, with a trend for a higher number of symptoms in the seronegative group (median=6 vs 4.5; P=0.01). The use a highly sensitive S-flow assay enabled the detection of low levels of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG in 22.7% of ELISA-seronegative long COVID (LC-) patients. In contrast, spike-specific IgG levels were uniformly high in the LC+ and RE groups. Multiplexed antibody analyses to 30 different viral antigens showed that LC- patients had defective antibody responses to all SARS-CoV-2 proteins tested but had in most cases preserved responses to other viruses. A sensitive primary T cell line assay revealed low but detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 responses in 39.1% of LC- patients, while response frequencies were high in the LC+ and RE groups. Correlation analyses showed overall strong associations between humoral and cellular responses, with exceptions in the LC- group. Conclusions These findings provide evidence for two major types of antiviral immune responses in long COVID. Seropositive patients showed coordinated cellular and humoral responses at least as high as those of recovered patients. In contrast, ELISA-seronegative long COVID patients showed overall low antiviral responses, with detectable specific CD4+ T cells and/or antibodies in close to half of patients (52.2%). These divergent findings in patients sharing a comparable spectrum of persistent symptoms raise the possibility of multiple etiologies in long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Kervevan
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Dorsaf Slama
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Jeger-Madiot
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Donnadieu
- Infectious Disease Analytics and Epidemiology G5 Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Planas
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Pietri
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Wiem Loghmari-Bouchneb
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Motolete Alaba Tanah
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Rémy Robinot
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Faroudy Boufassa
- INSERM U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Michael White
- Infectious Disease Analytics and Epidemiology G5 Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Salmon-Ceron
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lisa A. Chakrabarti
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
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9
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Hartsell JD, Leung DT, Zhang Y, Delgado JC, Alder SC, Samore MH. Sex difference in the discordance between Abbott Architect and EuroImmun serological assays. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15247. [PMID: 37483960 PMCID: PMC10358334 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the discordance between Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG and EUROIMMUN SARS-COV-2 ELISA in a seroprevalence study. Methods From June 10 to August 15, 2020, 8,246 specimens were dually evaluated by the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Abbott) and the EUROIMMUN SARS-CoV-2 ELISA (EI) assays. Sex-stratified phi correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the concordance between Abbott and EI assay's quantitative results. Multivariable mixed-effect logistic models were implemented to evaluate the association between assay positivity and sex on a low prevalence sample while controlling for age, race, ethnicity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, immunosuppressive therapy, and autoimmune disease. Results EI positivity among males was 2.1-fold that of females; however, no significant differences in Abbott positivity were observed between sexes. At the manufacturer-recommended threshold, the phi correlation coefficient for the Abbott and EI qualitative results among females (Φ = 0.47) was 34% greater than males (Φ = 0.35). The unadjusted and fully adjusted models yielded a strong association between sex and positive EI result for the low prevalence subgroup (unadjusted OR: 2.24, CI: 1.63, 3.11, adjusted OR: 3.40, CI: 2.15, 5.39). A similar analysis of Abbott positivity in the low prevalence subgroup did not find an association with any of the covariates examined. Significant quantitative and qualitative discordance was observed between Abbott and EI throughout the seroprevalence study. Our results suggest the presence of sex-associated specificity limitations with the EI assay. As these findings may extend to other anti-S assays utilized for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence investigations, further investigation is needed to evaluate the generalizability of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D. Hartsell
- Department of Population Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Epi-Vant LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Daniel T. Leung
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Julio C. Delgado
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Alder
- Department of Entrepreneurship and Strategy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Matthew H. Samore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
- Veteran Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
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10
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Guemes-Villahoz N, Burgos-Blasco B, Echevarria-Torres PL, Vidal-Villegas B, Rodriguez de la Peña A, Diaz-Valle D, Fernández-Vigo JI, Sánchez-Ramón S, Garcia-Feijoo J. Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in tears: Ocular surface immunity to COVID-19. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2023:S2173-5794(23)00083-X. [PMID: 37247663 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA and IgG antibodies in tears of unvaccinated and anti-COVID-19 vaccinated subjects with previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To compare results in tears with those in saliva and serum and correlate with clinical data and vaccination regimens. METHODS Cross-sectional study including subjects with a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, both unvaccinated and vaccinated against COVID-19. Three samples were collected: tears, saliva and serum. IgA and IgG antibodies against S-1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed with a semi-quantitative ELISA. RESULTS 30 subjects, mean age 36.4 ± 10, males 13/30 (43.3%) with history of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. 13/30 (43.3%) subjects had received a 2-dose regimen and 13/30 (43.3%) a 3-dose regimen of anti-COVID-19 vaccine, 4/30 (13.3%) subjects were unvaccinated. All the participants with full anti-COVID-19 vaccination (2-or 3-doses) presented detectable anti-S1 specific IgA in all three biofluids, tears, saliva and serum. Among unvaccinated subjects, specific IgA was detected in 3/4 subjects in tears and saliva, whereas IgG was not detected. Considering IgA and IgG antibodies titers, no differences were observed between the 2- and 3-dose vaccination regimen. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were detected in tears after mild COVID-19, highlighting the role of the ocular surface as a first line of defense against infection. Most naturally infected unvaccinated individuals exhibit long-term specific IgA in tears and saliva. Hybrid immunization (natural infection plus vaccination) appears to enhance mucosal and systemic IgG responses. However, no differences were observed between the 2- and 3-dose vaccination schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Guemes-Villahoz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - B Burgos-Blasco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P L Echevarria-Torres
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Vidal-Villegas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez de la Peña
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), Madrid, Spain
| | - D Diaz-Valle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J I Fernández-Vigo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Sánchez-Ramón
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Garcia-Feijoo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Guemes-Villahoz N, Burgos-Blasco B, Echevarria-Torres PL, Vidal-Villegas B, Rodriguez de la Peña A, Diaz-Valle D, Fernández-Vigo JI, Sánchez-Ramón S, Garcia-Feijoo J. [Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in tears: Ocular surface immunity to COVID-19]. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2023:S0365-6691(23)00091-6. [PMID: 37360534 PMCID: PMC10150186 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA and IgG antibodies in tears of unvaccinated and anti-COVID-19 vaccinated subjects with previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To compare results in tears with those in saliva and serum and correlate with clinical data and vaccination regimens. Methods Cross-sectional study including subjects with a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, both unvaccinated and vaccinated against COVID-19. Three samples were collected: tears, saliva and serum. IgA and IgG antibodies against S-1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed with a semi-quantitative ELISA. Results Thirty subjects, mean age 36.4 ± 10, males 13/30 (43.3%) with history of mild SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. 13/30 (43.3%) subjects had received a 2-dose regimen and 13/30 (43.3%) a 3-dose regimen of anti-COVID-19 vaccine, 4/30 (13.3%) subjects were unvaccinated. All the participants with full anti-COVID-19 vaccination (2-or 3-doses) presented detectable anti-S1 specific IgA in all 3 biofluids, tears, saliva and serum. Among unvaccinated subjects, specific IgA was detected in 3/4 subjects in tears and saliva, whereas IgG was not detected. Considering IgA and IgG antibodies titers, no differences were observed between the 2- and 3-dose vaccination regimen. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were detected in tears after mild COVID-19, highlighting the role of the ocular surface as a first line of defense against infection. Most naturally infected unvaccinated individuals exhibit long-term specific IgA in tears and saliva. Hybrid immunization (natural infection plus vaccination) appears to enhance mucosal and systemic IgG responses. However, no differences were observed between the 2- and 3-dose vaccination schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Guemes-Villahoz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, España
| | - B Burgos-Blasco
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, España
| | - P L Echevarria-Torres
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Madrid, España
| | - B Vidal-Villegas
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, España
| | - A Rodriguez de la Peña
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), Madrid, España
| | - D Diaz-Valle
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, España
| | - J I Fernández-Vigo
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, España
| | - S Sánchez-Ramón
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Madrid, España
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de investigación sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), Madrid, España
| | - J Garcia-Feijoo
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdiSCC), IIORC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, España
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12
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Msemo OA, Pérez-Alós L, Minja DT, Hansen CB, Gesase S, Mtove G, Mbwana J, Larsen VML, Bøgestad ECS, Grunnet LG, Christensen DL, Bygbjerg IC, Burgner D, Schmiegelow C, Garred P, Hjort L. High anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among unvaccinated mother-child pairs from a rural setting in north-eastern Tanzania during the second wave of COVID-19. IJID REGIONS 2023; 6:48-57. [PMID: 36466214 PMCID: PMC9709504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The reported infection rates and burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in low- and middle-income countries, including those in sub-Saharan Africa, are relatively low compared to the rates and burden in Europe and America, partly due to limited testing capability. Unlike many countries, Tanzania has implemented neither mass screening nor restrictive measures such as lockdowns to date. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in rural mainland Tanzania is largely unknown. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and October 2021 to assess the anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among mother-child pairs (n = 634 children, n = 518 mothers) in a rural setting in north-eastern Tanzania. Results A very high prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titres was found, with seroprevalence rates ranging from 29% among mothers and 40% among children, with a dynamic peak in seropositivity incidence at the end of July/early August being revealed. Significant differences in age, socioeconomic status, and body composition were associated with seropositivity in mothers and children. No significant associations were observed between seropositivity and comorbidities, including anaemia, diabetes, malaria, and HIV. Conclusions The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a rural region of Tanzania during 2021 was high, indicating a much higher infection rate in rural Tanzania compared to that reported in the UK and USA during the same period. Ongoing immune surveillance may be vital to monitoring the burden of viral infection in rural settings without access to molecular genotyping, where the load of communicable diseases may mask COVID-19. Surveillance could be implemented in tandem with the intensification of vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omari Abdul Msemo
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel T.R. Minja
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samwel Gesase
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - George Mtove
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Joyce Mbwana
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Victoria Marie Linderod Larsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Technology, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emilie Caroline Skuladottir Bøgestad
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Technology, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dirk Lund Christensen
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ib Christian Bygbjerg
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christentze Schmiegelow
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Hjort
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Metabolic Epigenetics Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Corresponding author: Line Hjort, he Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Metabolic Epigenetics Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Abstract
The multifaceted interaction between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the endocrine system has been a major area of scientific research over the past two years. While common endocrine/metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes have been recognized among significant risk factors for COVID-19 severity, several endocrine organs were identified to be targeted by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). New-onset endocrine disorders related to COVID-19 were reported while long-term effects, if any, are yet to be determined. Meanwhile, the "stay home" measures during the pandemic caused interruption in the care of patients with pre-existing endocrine disorders and may have impeded the diagnosis and treatment of new ones. This review aims to outline this complex interaction between COVID-19 and endocrine disorders by synthesizing the current scientific knowledge obtained from clinical and pathophysiological studies, and to emphasize considerations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Hanife Oguz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Bulent Okan Yildiz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;
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14
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A sex-biased imbalance between Tfr, Tph, and atypical B cells determines antibody responses in COVID-19 patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217902120. [PMID: 36669118 PMCID: PMC9942838 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217902120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex-biased humoral immune responses to COVID-19 patients have been observed, but the cellular basis for this is not understood. Using single-cell proteomics by mass cytometry, we find disrupted regulation of humoral immunity in COVID-19 patients, with a sex-biased loss of circulating follicular regulatory T cells (cTfr) at a significantly greater rate in male patients. In addition, a male sex-associated cellular network of T-peripheral helper, plasma blasts, proliferating and extrafollicular/atypical CD11c+ memory B cells was strongly positively correlated with neutralizing antibody concentrations and negatively correlated with cTfr frequency. These results suggest that sex-specific differences to the balance of cTfr and a network of extrafollicular antibody production-associated cell types may be a key factor in the altered humoral immune responses between male and female COVID-19 patients.
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15
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Montaño Mendoza VM, Mendez Cortina YA, Rodríguez-Perea AL, Fernandez GJ, Rugeles MT, Velilla Hernandez PA, Cardona Maya WD. Biological sex and age-related differences shape the antiviral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13045. [PMID: 36685472 PMCID: PMC9847338 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
For the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, clinical manifestations are broad and highly heterogeneous for both sexes. We aimed to determine how biological sex and age impact immune gene expression, particularly influencing the humoral neutralizing antibody (NAb) response and the cytokine production in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) subjects. The immune gene expression, according to biological sex and age, was assessed using the genome wide expression profile of blood proteins from healthy individuals using the Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. Moreover, anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers and cytokine levels were determined in blood samples from 141 COVID-19 individuals from Medellín, Colombia. Among subjects with COVID-19, males had statistically significantly higher median NAb titers and serum concentrations of interleukin-6 and CC chemokine ligand 3 than females. Overall, our findings point out a more robust innate immune response in women that could help recognize and restrain the virus faster than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Geysson Javier Fernandez
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - María Teresa Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Walter D. Cardona Maya
- Grupo Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia - UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Shapiro JR, Roberts CW, Arcovio K, Reade L, Klein SL, Dhakal S. Effects of Biological Sex and Pregnancy on SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Vaccine Outcomes. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 441:75-110. [PMID: 37695426 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-35139-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 in humans and has resulted in the death of millions of people worldwide. Similar numbers of infections have been documented in males and females; males, however, are more likely than females to be hospitalized, require intensive care unit, or die from COVID-19. The mechanisms that account for this are multi-factorial and are likely to include differential expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 molecules that are required for viral entry into hosts cells and sex differences in the immune response, which are due to modulation of cellular functions by sex hormones and differences in chromosomal gene expression. Furthermore, as comorbidities are also associated with poorer outcomes to SARS-CoV-2 infection and several comorbidities are overrepresented in males, these are also likely to contribute to the observed sex differences. Despite their relative better prognosis following infection with SARS-CoV-2, females do have poorer outcomes during pregnancy. This is likely to be due to pregnancy-induced changes in the immune system that adversely affect viral immunity and disruption of the renin-angiotensin system. Importantly, vaccination reduces the severity of disease in males and females, including pregnant females, and there is no evidence that vaccination has any adverse effects on the outcomes of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna R Shapiro
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Craig W Roberts
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Kasandra Arcovio
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Lisa Reade
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Sabra L Klein
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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Assaid N, Arich S, Charoute H, Akarid K, Anouar Sadat M, Maaroufi A, Ezzikouri S, Sarih M. Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG Antibodies 3 Months after COVID-19 Onset in Moroccan Patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:145-154. [PMID: 36509045 PMCID: PMC9833093 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses serious global public health problems. Characterization of the immune response, particularly antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, is important for establishing vaccine strategies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate longitudinally the kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against spike protein (S1) for up to 3 months in a cohort of 169 COVID-19 patients. We enrolled COVID-19 patients at two regional hospitals in Casablanca, Morocco, between March and September 2021. Blood samples were collected and N-specific IgM and S-specific IgG levels were measured by a commercial Euroimmun ELISA. IgM antibodies were assessed 2-5 (D00), 9-12 (D07), 17-20 (D15), and 32-37 (D30) days after symptom onset; IgG antibodies were assessed at these time points plus 60 (D60) and 90 (D90) days after symptom onset. We found that at 3 months after symptom onset, 79% of patients had detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies, whereas their IgM seropositivity was 19% by 1 month after symptom onset. The IgM level decreased to 0.34 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.19-0.92) at 1 month after symptom onset, whereas the IgG level peaked at D30 (3.10; IQR 1.83-5.64) and remained almost stable at D90 (2.95; IQR 1.52-5.19). IgG levels were significantly higher in patients older than 50 years than in those younger than 50 at all follow-up time points (P < 0.05). Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in median anti-S1 antibody levels among infected patients based on gender or comorbidities. This study provides information on the longevity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najlaa Assaid
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco;,Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Health and Environment Laboratory, Aïn Chock Faculty of Sciences, University of Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Soukaina Arich
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hicham Charoute
- Research Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khadija Akarid
- Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Health and Environment Laboratory, Aïn Chock Faculty of Sciences, University of Hassan II Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Anouar Sadat
- Research Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abderrahmane Maaroufi
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M’hammed Sarih
- Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco;,Address correspondence to M’hammed Sarih, Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca, Morocco. E-mail:
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18
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Bruel T, Stéfic K, Nguyen Y, Toniutti D, Staropoli I, Porrot F, Guivel-Benhassine F, Bolland WH, Planas D, Hadjadj J, Handala L, Planchais C, Prot M, Simon-Lorière E, André E, Baele G, Cuypers L, Mouthon L, Mouquet H, Buchrieser J, Sève A, Prazuck T, Maes P, Terrier B, Hocqueloux L, Schwartz O. Longitudinal analysis of serum neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 in patients receiving monoclonal antibodies. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100850. [PMID: 36450283 PMCID: PMC9706550 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of Omicron sublineages impacts the therapeutic efficacy of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Here, we evaluate neutralization and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities of 6 therapeutic mAbs against Delta, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5. The Omicron subvariants escape most antibodies but remain sensitive to bebtelovimab and cilgavimab. Consistent with their shared spike sequence, BA.4 and BA.5 display identical neutralization profiles. Sotrovimab is the most efficient at eliciting ADCC. We also analyze 121 sera from 40 immunocompromised individuals up to 6 months after infusion of Ronapreve (imdevimab + casirivimab) or Evusheld (cilgavimab + tixagevimab). Sera from Ronapreve-treated individuals do not neutralize Omicron subvariants. Evusheld-treated individuals neutralize BA.2 and BA.5, but titers are reduced. A longitudinal evaluation of sera from Evusheld-treated patients reveals a slow decay of mAb levels and neutralization, which is faster against BA.5. Our data shed light on antiviral activities of therapeutic mAbs and the duration of effectiveness of Evusheld pre-exposure prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Bruel
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
| | - Karl Stéfic
- INSERM U1259, Université de Tours, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, National Reference Center for HIV-Associated Laboratory, Tours, France
| | - Yann Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Donatella Toniutti
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Porrot
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | | | - William-Henry Bolland
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, École doctorale BioSPC 562, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Planas
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Jérôme Hadjadj
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Lynda Handala
- INSERM U1259, Université de Tours, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, National Reference Center for HIV-Associated Laboratory, Tours, France
| | - Cyril Planchais
- Humoral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Prot
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Simon-Lorière
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel André
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Baele
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lize Cuypers
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Mouthon
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Humoral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Julian Buchrieser
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Aymeric Sève
- CHR d'Orléans, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Orléans, France
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- CHR d'Orléans, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Orléans, France
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Terrier
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
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19
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Planas D, Staropoli I, Porot F, Guivel-Benhassine F, Handala L, Prot M, Bolland WH, Puech J, Péré H, Veyer D, Sève A, Simon-Lorière E, Bruel T, Prazuck T, Stefic K, Hocqueloux L, Schwartz O. Duration of BA.5 neutralization in sera and nasal swabs from SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated individuals, with or without omicron breakthrough infection. MED 2022; 3:838-847.e3. [PMID: 36228619 PMCID: PMC9533668 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since early 2022, Omicron BA.1 has been eclipsed by BA.2, which was in turn outcompeted by BA.5, which displays enhanced antibody escape properties. METHODS Here, we evaluated the duration of the neutralizing antibody (Nab) response, up to 18 months after Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccination, in individuals with or without BA.1/BA.2 breakthrough infection. We measured neutralization of the ancestral D614G lineage, Delta, and Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 variants in 300 sera and 35 nasal swabs from 27 individuals. FINDINGS Upon vaccination, serum Nab titers were decreased by 10-, 15-, and 25-fold for BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5, respectively, compared with D614G. We estimated that, after boosting, the duration of neutralization was markedly shortened from 11.5 months with D614G to 5.5 months with BA.5. After breakthrough, we observed a sharp increase of Nabs against Omicron subvariants, followed by a plateau and a slow decline after 5-6 months. In nasal swabs, infection, but not vaccination, triggered a strong immunoglobulin A (IgA) response and a detectable Omicron-neutralizing activity. CONCLUSIONS BA.5 spread is partly due to abbreviated vaccine efficacy, particularly in individuals who were not infected with previous Omicron variants. FUNDING Work in O.S.'s laboratory is funded by the Institut Pasteur, Urgence COVID-19 Fundraising Campaign of Institut Pasteur, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), ANRS, the Vaccine Research Institute (ANR-10-LABX-77), Labex IBEID (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), ANR/FRM Flash Covid PROTEO-SARS-CoV-2, ANR Coronamito, and IDISCOVR, Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (grant no. ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), HERA european funding and the NIH PICREID (grant no U01AI151758).
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Planas
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Porot
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | | | - Lynda Handala
- INSERM U1259, Université de Tours, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, National Reference Center for HIV-Associated Laboratory, Tours, France
| | - Matthieu Prot
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - William-Henry Bolland
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France; École Doctorale BioSPC 562, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julien Puech
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordelier, INSERM, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - David Veyer
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordelier, INSERM, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Aymeric Sève
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, CHR d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Etienne Simon-Lorière
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, CHR d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Karl Stefic
- INSERM U1259, Université de Tours, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, National Reference Center for HIV-Associated Laboratory, Tours, France
| | | | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
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20
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Cvetkovic-Vega A, Urrunaga-Pastor D, Soto-Becerra P, Figueroa-Montes LE, Fernandez-Bolivar L, Alvizuri-Pastor S, Oyanguren-Miranda M, Neyra-Vera I, Carrillo-Ramos E, Sagástegui A, Contreras-Macazana R, Lecca-Rengifo D, Grande-Castro N, Apolaya-Segura M, Maguina JL. Post-vaccination seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2 in peruvian health workers vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm). Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 52:102514. [PMID: 36462747 PMCID: PMC9710108 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of post-vaccination seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2 and identify its predictors in Peruvian Social Health Insurance (EsSalud) personnel in 2021. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in a representative simple stratified sample of EsSalud workers. We evaluated IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies response (seropositivity) by passive (previous infection) and active immunization (vaccination), and epidemiological and occupational variables obtained by direct interview and a data collection form. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used with correction of sample weights adjusted for non-response rate, and crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) and geometric mean ratio (GMR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. RESULTS We enrolled 1077 subjects. Seropositivity was 67.4% (95%CI: 63.4-71.1). Predictors of seropositivity were age (negative relation; p < 0.001), previous infection (aOR = 11.7; 95%CI: 7.81-17.5), working in COVID-19 area (aOR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.02-2.11) and time since the second dose. In relation to antibody levels measured by geometric means, there was an association between male sex (aGMR = 0.77; 95%CI: 0.74-0.80), age (negative relation; p < 0.001), previous infection (aGMR = 13.1; 95%CI:4.99-34.40), non-face-to-face/licensed work modality (aGMR = 0.78; 95%CI: 0.73-0.84), being a nursing technician (aGMR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.20-1.41), working in administrative areas (aGMR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.10-1.25), diagnostic support (aGMR = 1.07; 95%CI: 1.01-1.15), critical care (aGMR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.79-0.93), and in a COVID-19 area (aGMR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.24-1.36) and time since receiving the second dose (negative relation; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Seropositivity and antibody levels decrease as the time since receiving the second dose increases. Older age and no history of previous infection were associated with lower seropositivity and antibody values. These findings may be useful for sentinel antibody surveillance and the design of booster dose strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Urrunaga-Pastor
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Percy Soto-Becerra
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru; Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru
| | | | - Lizette Fernandez-Bolivar
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Servicio de Inmunología y Bioquímica, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Sergio Alvizuri-Pastor
- Unidad de Inmunología Especializada, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Martin Oyanguren-Miranda
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Ibeth Neyra-Vera
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Servicio de Inmunología y Bioquímica, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Elizabeth Carrillo-Ramos
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Arturo Sagástegui
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Roxana Contreras-Macazana
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Servicio de Bioquímica e Inmunoquímica, Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal Sologuren, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Diana Lecca-Rengifo
- Subgerencia de Proyectos Especiales, Gerencia de Oferta Flexible, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Nikolai Grande-Castro
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Unidad de Inmuno-diagnóstico, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Moises Apolaya-Segura
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge L Maguina
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación - IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru.
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21
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Keuning MW, Grobben M, Bijlsma MW, Anker B, Berman-de Jong EP, Cohen S, Felderhof M, de Groen AE, de Groof F, Rijpert M, van Eijk HWM, Tejjani K, van Rijswijk J, Steenhuis M, Rispens T, Plötz FB, van Gils MJ, Pajkrt D. Differences in systemic and mucosal SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in a prospective cohort of Dutch children. Front Immunol 2022; 13:976382. [PMID: 36159841 PMCID: PMC9500453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.976382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAs SARS-CoV-2 will likely continue to circulate, low-impact methods become more relevant to monitor antibody-mediated immunity. Saliva sampling could provide a non-invasive method with reduced impact on children. Studies reporting on the differences between systemic and mucosal humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 are inconsistent in adults and scarce in children. These differences may be further unraveled by exploring associations to demographic and clinical variables.MethodsTo evaluate the use of saliva antibody assays, we performed a cross-sectional cohort study by collecting serum and saliva of 223 children attending medical services in the Netherlands (irrespective of SARS-CoV-2 exposure, symptoms or vaccination) from May to October 2021. With a Luminex and a Wantai assay, we measured prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S), receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid-specific IgG and IgA in serum and saliva and explored associations with demographic variables.FindingsThe S-specific IgG prevalence was higher in serum 39% (95% CI 32 – 45%) than in saliva 30% (95% CI 24 – 36%) (P ≤ 0.003). Twenty-seven percent (55/205) of children were S-specific IgG positive in serum and saliva, 12% (25/205) were only positive in serum and 3% (6/205) only in saliva. Vaccinated children showed a higher concordance between serum and saliva than infected children. Odds for saliva S-specific IgG positivity were higher in girls compared to boys (aOR 2.63, P = 0.012). Moreover, immunocompromised children showed lower odds for S- and RBD-specific IgG in both serum and saliva compared to healthy children (aOR 0.23 – 0.25, P ≤ 0.050).ConclusionsWe showed that saliva-based antibody assays can be useful for identifying SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity in a non-invasive manner, and that IgG prevalence may be affected by sex and immunocompromisation. Differences between infection and vaccination, between sexes and between immunocompromised and healthy children should be further investigated and considered when choosing systemic or mucosal antibody measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya W. Keuning
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology & Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Maya W. Keuning, ; Dasja Pajkrt,
| | - Marloes Grobben
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Merijn W. Bijlsma
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Beau Anker
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eveline P. Berman-de Jong
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sophie Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Anne-Elise de Groen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology & Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Femke de Groof
- Department of Pediatrics, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Rijpert
- Department of Pediatrics, Zaans Medical Center, Zaandam, Netherlands
| | - Hetty W. M. van Eijk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Khadija Tejjani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline van Rijswijk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frans B. Plötz
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi Medical Center, Blaricum, Netherlands
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology & Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Maya W. Keuning, ; Dasja Pajkrt,
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22
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Collins E, Galipeau Y, Arnold C, Bosveld C, Heiskanen A, Keeshan A, Nakka K, Shir-Mohammadi K, St-Denis-Bissonnette F, Tamblyn L, Vranjkovic A, Wood LC, Booth R, Buchan CA, Crawley AM, Little J, McGuinty M, Saginur R, Langlois MA, Cooper CL. Cohort profile: Stop the Spread Ottawa (SSO) -a community-based prospective cohort study on antibody responses, antibody neutralisation efficiency and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062187. [PMID: 36691221 PMCID: PMC9461086 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the robustness and longevity of SARS-CoV-2 immune responses conferred by natural infection and vaccination among priority populations such as immunocompromised individuals and people with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in a prospective cohort study (Stop the Spread Ottawa-SSO) in adults living in the Ottawa region. In this paper, we describe the study design, ongoing data collection and baseline characteristics of participants. PARTICIPANTS Since October 2020, participants who tested positive for COVID-19 (convalescents) or at high risk of exposure to the virus (under surveillance) have provided monthly blood and saliva samples over a 10-month period. As of 2 November 2021, 1026 adults had completed the baseline survey and 976 had attended baseline bloodwork. 300 participants will continue to provide bimonthly blood samples for 24 additional months (ie, total follow-up of 34 months). FINDINGS TO DATE The median age of the baseline sample was 44 (IQR 23, range: 18-79) and just over two-thirds (n=688; 67.1%) were female. 255 participants (24.9%) had a history of COVID-19 infection confirmed by PCR and/or serology. Over 600 participants (60.0%) work in high-risk occupations (eg, healthcare, teaching and transportation). 108 participants (10.5%) reported immunocompromising conditions or treatments at baseline (eg, cancer, HIV, other immune deficiency, and/or use of immunosuppressants). FUTURE PLANS SSO continues to yield rich research potential, given the collection of pre-vaccine baseline data and samples from the majority of participants, recruitment of diverse subgroups of interest, and a high level of participant retention and compliance with monthly sampling. The 24-month study extension will maximise opportunities to track SARS-CoV-2 immunity and vaccine efficacy, detect and characterise emerging variants, and compare subgroup humoral and cellular response robustness and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Collins
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yannick Galipeau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cameron Bosveld
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aliisa Heiskanen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexa Keeshan
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kiran Nakka
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khatereh Shir-Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Laura Tamblyn
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Agatha Vranjkovic
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leah C Wood
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald Booth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Immunology Section, Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Association (EORLA), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Arianne Buchan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela M Crawley
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- The Knowledge Synthesis and Application Unit (KSAU), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michaeline McGuinty
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raphael Saginur
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Health Science Network Research Ethics Board (OHSN-REB), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Curtis L Cooper
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Bruel T, Pinaud L, Tondeur L, Planas D, Staropoli I, Porrot F, Guivel-Benhassine F, Attia M, Pelleau S, Woudenberg T, Duru C, Koffi AD, Castelain S, Fernandes-Pellerin S, Jolly N, De Facci LP, Roux E, Ungeheuer MN, Van Der Werf S, White M, Schwartz O, Fontanet A. Neutralising antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 omicron among elderly nursing home residents following a booster dose of BNT162b2 vaccine: A community-based, prospective, longitudinal cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 51:101576. [PMID: 35891947 PMCID: PMC9307278 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protective immunity against omicron following a BNT162b2 Pfizer booster dose among elderly individuals (ie, those aged >65 years) is not well characterised. METHODS In a community-based, prospective, longitudinal cohort study taking place in France in which 75 residents from three nursing homes were enrolled, we selected 38 residents who had received a two-dose regimen of mRNA vaccine and a booster dose of Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine. We excluded individuals that did not receive three vaccine doses or did not have available sera samples. We measured anti-S IgG antibodies and neutralisation capacity in sera taken 56 (28-68) and 55 (48-64) days (median (range)) after the 2nd and 3rd vaccine doses, respectively. Antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein were measured with the S-Flow assay as binding antibody units per milliliter (BAU/mL). Neutralising activities in sera were measured as effective dilution 50% (ED50) with the S-Fuse assay using authentic isolates of delta and omicron BA.1. FINDINGS Among the 38 elderly individuals recruited to the cohort study between November 23rd, 2020 and April 29th, 2021, with median age of 88 (range 72-101) years, 30 (78.95%) had been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. After three vaccine doses, serum neutralising activity was lower against omicron BA.1 (median ED50 of 774.5, range 15.0-34660.0) than the delta variant (median ED50 of 4972.0, range 213.7-66340.0), and higher among previously infected (ie, convalescent; median ED50 against omicron: 1088.0, range 32.6-34660.0) compared with infection-naive residents (median ED50 against omicron: 188.4, range 15.0-8918.0). During the French omicron wave in December 2021-January 2022, 75% (6/8) of naive residents were infected, compared to 25% (7/30) of convalescent residents (P=0.0114). Anti-Spike antibody levels and neutralising activity against omicron BA.1 after a third BNT162b2 booster dose were lower in those with breakthrough BA.1 infection (n=13) compared with those without (n=25), with a median of 1429.9 (range 670.9-3818.3) BAU/mL vs 2528.3 (range 695.4-8832.0) BAU/mL (P=0.029) and a median ED50 of 281.1 (range 15.0-2136.0) vs 1376.0 (range 32.6-34660.0) (P=0.0013), respectively. INTERPRETATION This study shows that elderly individuals who received three vaccine doses elicit neutralising antibodies against the omicron BA.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2. Elderly individuals who had also been previously infected showed higher neutralising activity compared with naive individuals. Yet, breakthrough infections with omicron occurred. Individuals with breakthrough infections had significantly lower neutralising titers compared to individuals without breakthrough infection. Thus, a fourth dose of vaccine may be useful in the elderly population to increase the level of neutralising antibodies and compensate for waning immunity. FUNDING Institut Pasteur, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), European Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA), Agence nationale de recherches sur le sida et les hépatites virales - Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes (ANRS-MIE), Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR), Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Fondation de France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Bruel
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- Corresponding author at: Unité Virus et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Laurie Pinaud
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laura Tondeur
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Planas
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Porrot
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | | | - Mikaël Attia
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Pelleau
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Tom Woudenberg
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Duru
- Hôpital de Crépy-en-Valois, Crépy-en-Valois, France
| | | | | | | | - Nathalie Jolly
- Centre for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Louise Perrin De Facci
- Clinical Investigation and access to bioresources (ICAReB) platform, Centre for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roux
- Clinical Investigation and access to bioresources (ICAReB) platform, Centre for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer
- Clinical Investigation and access to bioresources (ICAReB) platform, Centre for Translational Science, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Van Der Werf
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Michael White
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Arnaud Fontanet
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, PACRI Unit, Paris, France
- Corresponding author at: Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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24
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Sparks R, Lau WW, Liu C, Han KL, Vrindten KL, Sun G, Cox M, Andrews SF, Bansal N, Failla LE, Manischewitz J, Grubbs G, King LR, Koroleva G, Leimenstoll S, Snow L, Chen J, Tang J, Mukherjee A, Sellers BA, Apps R, McDermott AB, Martins AJ, Bloch EM, Golding H, Khurana S, Tsang JS. Influenza vaccination and single cell multiomics reveal sex dimorphic immune imprints of prior mild COVID-19. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.02.17.22271138. [PMID: 35233581 PMCID: PMC8887138 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.17.22271138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections can have profound and durable functional impacts on the immune system. There is an urgent need to characterize the long-term immune effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection given the persistence of symptoms in some individuals and the continued threat of novel variants. Here we use systems immunology, including longitudinal multimodal single cell analysis (surface proteins, transcriptome, and V(D)J sequences) from 33 previously healthy individuals after recovery from mild, non-hospitalized COVID-19 and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls with no history of COVID-19 to comparatively assess the post-infection immune status (mean: 151 days after diagnosis) and subsequent innate and adaptive responses to seasonal influenza vaccination. Identification of both sex-specific and -independent temporally stable changes, including signatures of T-cell activation and repression of innate defense/immune receptor genes (e.g., Toll-like receptors) in monocytes, suggest that mild COVID-19 can establish new post-recovery immunological set-points. COVID-19-recovered males had higher innate, influenza-specific plasmablast, and antibody responses after vaccination compared to healthy males and COVID-19-recovered females, partly attributable to elevated pre-vaccination frequencies of a GPR56 expressing CD8+ T-cell subset in male recoverees that are "poised" to produce higher levels of IFNγ upon inflammatory stimulation. Intriguingly, by day 1 post-vaccination in COVID-19-recovered subjects, the expression of the repressed genes in monocytes increased and moved towards the pre-vaccination baseline of healthy controls, suggesting that the acute inflammation induced by vaccination could partly reset the immune states established by mild COVID-19. Our study reveals sex-dimorphic immune imprints and in vivo functional impacts of mild COVID-19 in humans, suggesting that prior COVID-19, and possibly respiratory viral infections in general, could change future responses to vaccination and in turn, vaccines could help reset the immune system after COVID-19, both in an antigen-agnostic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sparks
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - William W. Lau
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Can Liu
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Kyu Lee Han
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kiera L. Vrindten
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guangping Sun
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Milann Cox
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Neha Bansal
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura E. Failla
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jody Manischewitz
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gabrielle Grubbs
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lisa R. King
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Galina Koroleva
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - LaQuita Snow
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jinguo Chen
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juanjie Tang
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Richard Apps
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Andrew J. Martins
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Evan M. Bloch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - John S. Tsang
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,NIH Center for Human Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,Correspondence:
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25
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Mubarak A, Almutairi S, Al-Dhabbah AD, Aldabas SY, Bhat R, Alqoufail MM, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Almanaa TN, Farrag MA, Alturaiki W. Durability of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgG Antibody Responses Following Two Doses of Match and Mixed COVID-19 Vaccines Regimens in Saudi Population. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:3791-3800. [PMID: 35875613 PMCID: PMC9296867 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s369769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to threaten the human population with millions of infections and deaths worldwide. Vaccination campaigns undertaken by several countries have resulted in a notable decrease in hospitalization and deaths. However, with the emergence of new virus variants, it is critical to determine the longevity and the protection efficiency provided by the current authorized vaccines. Aim The aims of this study are to provide data about the magnitude of immune responses in individuals fully vaccinated against COVID-19 in Riyadh province of Saudi Arabia. Also, to evaluate the continuity of specific IgG levels and compare the titers in individuals who have been received two doses of the matched and mixed vaccines, including Pfizer and AstraZeneca against SARS-CoV-2 during the period of three to six months. Moreover, we analyze the current state of immune response in terms of antibody responses in thepopulation postvaccination using homogenous or hetrogenous vaccine regimen. Methods A total of 141 healthy volunteers were recruited to our study; blood (n=63) and the saliva samples (n=78) and were collected from fully vaccinated individuals in Riyadh city. We employed a specific ELISA assay in plasma and saliva of fully vaccinated individuals. Results IgG levels varied with age groups with the highest concentration in the age group 19–29 years, but the age group (≥50) had the lowest IgG concentration. The IgG levels in both serum and saliva were higher after three months and start to wane after six months. Individuals who received mixed types of vaccines had significantly better response than Pfizer vaccine alone. Conclusion The current study investigates the status of humoral responses in different age groups, in terms of antibody measurements. These data will help to evaluate the need for further COVID-19 vaccine doses and to what extent a two-dose regimen will protect vaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Mubarak
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeedah Almutairi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abulrahman D Al-Dhabbah
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaha Y Aldabas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rauf Bhat
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahfoudh M Alqoufail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed N Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Farrag
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Alturaiki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Fonzo M, Nicolli A, Maso S, Carrer L, Trevisan A, Bertoncello C. Body Mass Index and Antibody Persistence after Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Hepatitis B Vaccinations. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071152. [PMID: 35891316 PMCID: PMC9315673 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity may cause a reduced response to vaccination. The purpose of the present research was to study the relationship between current body mass index (BMI) and antibody persistence after vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) given during childhood, as per the current vaccination schedule. The study was conducted on 2185 students at the School of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy. The mean age of the participants was 20.3 years. After adjusting for sex, age at first dose of vaccine administered, age at last dose, and age at study enrollment, no significant association was found between lack of serologic protection and BMI for either the HBV vaccine or each component of the MMR vaccine. For the first time, the absence of this relationship was demonstrated for the MMR vaccine. Given the evidence currently available, further research on BMI and vaccines in general remains desirable.
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27
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Garcia L, Woudenberg T, Rosado J, Dyer AH, Donnadieu F, Planas D, Bruel T, Schwartz O, Prazuck T, Velay A, Fafi-Kremer S, Batten I, Reddy C, Connolly E, McElheron M, Kennelly SP, Bourke NM, White MT, Pelleau S. Kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Avidity Response Following Infection and Vaccination. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071491. [PMID: 35891471 PMCID: PMC9321390 DOI: 10.3390/v14071491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological assays capable of measuring antibody responses induced by previous infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been critical tools in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we use bead-based multiplex assays to measure IgG and IgA antibodies and IgG avidity to five SARS-CoV-2 antigens (Spike (S), receptor-binding domain (RBD), Nucleocapsid (N), S subunit 2, and Membrane-Envelope fusion (ME)). These assays were performed in several cohorts of healthcare workers and nursing home residents, who were followed for up to eleven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection or up to six months after vaccination. Our results show distinct kinetic patterns of antibody quantity (IgG and IgA) and avidity. While IgG and IgA antibody levels waned over time, with IgA antibody levels waning more rapidly, avidity increased with time after infection or vaccination. These contrasting kinetic patterns allow for the estimation of time since previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Including avidity measurements in addition to antibody levels in a classification algorithm for estimating time since infection led to a substantial improvement in accuracy, from 62% to 78%. The inclusion of antibody avidity in panels of serological assays can yield valuable information for improving serosurveillance during SARS-CoV-2 epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Garcia
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (L.G.); (T.W.); (J.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Tom Woudenberg
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (L.G.); (T.W.); (J.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Jason Rosado
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (L.G.); (T.W.); (J.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Adam H. Dyer
- Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland; (A.H.D.); (S.P.K.)
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (I.B.); (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Françoise Donnadieu
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (L.G.); (T.W.); (J.R.); (F.D.)
| | - Delphine Planas
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (D.P.); (T.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (D.P.); (T.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (D.P.); (T.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- CHR d’Orléans, Service de Maladies Infectieuses, 45100 Orléans, France;
| | - Aurélie Velay
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, CEDEX, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (S.F.-K.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique Immuno-Rhumathologie Moléculaire (IRM UMR-S) 1109, Strasbourg University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CEDEX, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Samira Fafi-Kremer
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, CEDEX, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (S.F.-K.)
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique Immuno-Rhumathologie Moléculaire (IRM UMR-S) 1109, Strasbourg University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CEDEX, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabella Batten
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (I.B.); (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Conor Reddy
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (I.B.); (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Emma Connolly
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (I.B.); (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Matt McElheron
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (I.B.); (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Sean P. Kennelly
- Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, D24 NR0A Dublin, Ireland; (A.H.D.); (S.P.K.)
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (I.B.); (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Nollaig M. Bourke
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland; (I.B.); (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.M.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Michael T. White
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (L.G.); (T.W.); (J.R.); (F.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.T.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Stéphane Pelleau
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (L.G.); (T.W.); (J.R.); (F.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.T.W.); (S.P.)
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Jacobsen H, Sitaras I, Jurgensmeyer M, Mulders MN, Goldblatt D, Feikin DR, Bar-Zeev N, Higdon MM, Knoll MD. Assessing the Reliability of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Studies That Use Post-Vaccination Sera. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060850. [PMID: 35746460 PMCID: PMC9227377 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial for determining future vaccination strategies and other public health strategies. When clinical effectiveness data are unavailable, a common method of assessing vaccine performance is to utilize neutralization assays using post-vaccination sera. Neutralization studies are typically performed across a wide array of settings, populations and vaccination strategies, and using different methodologies. For any comparison and meta-analysis to be meaningful, the design and methodology of the studies used must at minimum address aspects that confer a certain degree of reliability and comparability. We identified and characterized three important categories in which studies differ (cohort details, assay details and data reporting details) and that can affect the overall reliability and/or usefulness of neutralization assay results. We define reliability as a measure of methodological accuracy, proper study setting concerning subjects, samples and viruses, and reporting quality. Each category comprises a set of several relevant key parameters. To each parameter, we assigned a possible impact (ranging from low to high) on overall study reliability depending on its potential to influence the results. We then developed a reliability assessment tool that assesses the aggregate reliability of a study across all parameters. The reliability assessment tool provides explicit selection criteria for inclusion of comparable studies in meta-analyses of neutralization activity of SARS-CoV-2 variants in post-vaccination sera and can also both guide the design of future neutralization studies and serve as a checklist for including important details on key parameters in publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Jacobsen
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (I.S.)
| | - Ioannis Sitaras
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (I.S.)
| | - Marley Jurgensmeyer
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.J.); (N.B.-Z.); (M.M.H.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Mick N. Mulders
- Department of Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.N.M.); (D.R.F.)
| | - David Goldblatt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Daniel R. Feikin
- Department of Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.N.M.); (D.R.F.)
| | - Naor Bar-Zeev
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.J.); (N.B.-Z.); (M.M.H.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Melissa M. Higdon
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.J.); (N.B.-Z.); (M.M.H.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Maria Deloria Knoll
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.J.); (N.B.-Z.); (M.M.H.); (M.D.K.)
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Heterologous gam-covid-vac (sputnik V) / mRNA-1273 (moderna) vaccination induces a stronger humoral response than homologous sputnik V in a real-world data analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:1382-1388. [PMID: 35595128 PMCID: PMC9112602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the homologous prime-boost vaccination scheme of Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V, SpV) to its heterologous combination with mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Mod) vaccine. METHODS SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike (S)-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG concentration was assessed three to seven weeks after complete vaccination. Reactogenicity was evaluated by declared side events and medical assistance required until day 7 post-boost. RESULTS Of 190 participants enrolled, 105 received homologous SpV/SpV and the remaining heterologous SpV/Mod vaccination scheme, respectively. Median (interquartile range, IQR) age was 54 (37-63) years, 132 out of 190 (69.5%) were female and 46 out of 190 (24.2%) individuals had a prior confirmed COVID-19. Anti-S-RBD IgG median (IQR) titers were significantly higher for SpV/Mod [2511 (1476-3992) BAU/mL] than for SpV/SpV [582 (209-1609) BAU/mL, p<0.001] vaccination scheme. In a linear model adjusted for age, gender, time to the serological assay and time between doses, SpV/Mod [4.154 (6.585-615.554), p<0.001] and prior COVID [3.732 (8.641-202.010), p<0.001] were independently associated with higher anti-S-RBD IgG values. A higher frequency of mild and moderate adverse effects was associated with the heterologous scheme [20 of 85 (23.5%) vs 13 of 105 (12,4%), p=0.043) and 27 of 85 (31,8%) vs 14 of 105 (13,3%), p=0.002], respectively, although it was well tolerated by all individuals and no medical assistance was required, although it was well tolerated by all individuals and no medical assistance was required. CONCLUSION The heterologous SpV/Mod combination against SARS-CoV-2 is well tolerated and significantly increases humoral immune response as compared to the homologous SpV/SpV immunization.
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30
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Prevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Potential Determinants among the Belgian Adult Population: Baseline Results of a Prospective Cohort Study. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050920. [PMID: 35632663 PMCID: PMC9147735 DOI: 10.3390/v14050920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and potential determinants were assessed in a random sample representative of the Belgian adult population. In total, 14,201 individuals (≥18 years) were invited by mail to provide saliva via an Oracol® swab. Survey weights were applied, and potential determinants were estimated using multivariable logistic regressions. Between March and August 2021, 2767 individuals participated in the first data collection. During this period, which coincided with the onset of the vaccination campaign, the seroprevalence in the population increased from 25.2% in March/April to 78.1% in July. Among the vaccinated there was an increase from 74,2% to 98.8%; among the unvaccinated, the seroprevalence remained stable (around 17%). Among the vaccinated, factors significantly associated with the presence of antibodies were: having at least one chronic disease (ORa 0.22 (95% CI 0.08–0.62)), having received an mRNA-type vaccine (ORa 5.38 (95% CI 1.72–16.80)), and having received an influenza vaccine in 2020–2021 (ORa 3.79 (95% CI 1.30–11.07)). Among the unvaccinated, having a non-O blood type (ORa 2.00 (95% CI 1.09–3.67)) and having one or more positive COVID-19 tests (ORa 11.04 (95% CI 4.69–26.02)) were significantly associated. This study provides a better understanding of vaccine- and/or natural-induced presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and factors that are associated with this presence.
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Meyer M, Constancias F, Worth C, Meyer A, Muller M, Boussuge A, Kaltenbach G, Schmitt E, Chayer S, Velay A, Vogel T, Fafi-Kremer S, Karcher P. Humoral immune response after COVID-19 infection or BNT162b2 vaccine among older adults: evolution over time and protective thresholds. GeroScience 2022; 44:1229-1240. [PMID: 35394604 PMCID: PMC8990277 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess the
dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD-IgG response over time among older people after
COVID-19 infection or vaccination and its comparison with indicative levels of protection.
Geriatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 serological test results were included and
divided into three groups. A vaccine group (n
= 34), a group of natural COVID-19 infection (n = 32), and a group who contracted
COVID-19 less than 15 days after the first injection (n = 17). Eighty-three patients were
included; the median age with IQR was 87 (81–91) years. In the
vaccine group at 1 month since the first vaccination, the median titer of anti-RBD-IgG
was 620 (217–1874) BAU/ml with 87% of patients above the theoretical protective threshold
of 141 BAU/ml according to Dimeglio et al. (J Infec. 84(2):248–88, [7]). Seven months after the first
vaccination, this titer decreased to 30 (19–58) BAU/ml with
9.5% of patients > 141 BAU/ml. In the natural COVID-19 infection group, at 1 month
since the date of first symptom onset, the median titer was 798 (325–1320) BAU/ml with
86.7% of patients > 141 BAU/ml and fell to 88 (37–385) with 42.9% of patients > 141
BAU/ml at 2 months. The natural infection group was vaccinated 3 months after the infection.
Five months after the vaccination cycle, the median titer was 2048 (471–4386) BAU/ml with
83.3% of patients > 141 BAU/ml. This supports the clinical results describing the
decrease in vaccine protection over time and suggests that vaccination after infection can
maintain significantly higher antibody titer levels for a prolonged period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Meyer
- Department of Geriatric, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, 83 rue Himmerich, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | | | - Claudia Worth
- Nuffield Department of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Musculosckeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anita Meyer
- COVID Vaccination Center, Offenburg, Germany
| | - Marion Muller
- Department of Geriatric, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, 83 rue Himmerich, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Boussuge
- Department of Geriatric, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, 83 rue Himmerich, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Georges Kaltenbach
- Department of Geriatric, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, 83 rue Himmerich, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Schmitt
- Department of Geriatric, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, 83 rue Himmerich, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Saïd Chayer
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovations, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurélie Velay
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM, UMR_S1109, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Research Center for Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Federation (FHU) OMICARE, Federation of Translational Medicine of Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Vogel
- Department of Geriatric, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, 83 rue Himmerich, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Samira Fafi-Kremer
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM, UMR_S1109, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Research Center for Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Federation (FHU) OMICARE, Federation of Translational Medicine of Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Karcher
- Department of Geriatric, University Hospitals of Strasbourg, 83 rue Himmerich, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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Bruel T, Hadjadj J, Maes P, Planas D, Seve A, Staropoli I, Guivel-Benhassine F, Porrot F, Bolland WH, Nguyen Y, Casadevall M, Charre C, Péré H, Veyer D, Prot M, Baidaliuk A, Cuypers L, Planchais C, Mouquet H, Baele G, Mouthon L, Hocqueloux L, Simon-Loriere E, André E, Terrier B, Prazuck T, Schwartz O. Serum neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages BA.1 and BA.2 in patients receiving monoclonal antibodies. Nat Med 2022; 28:1297-1302. [PMID: 35322239 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 sublineage has been supplanted in many countries by the BA.2 sublineage. BA.2 differs from BA.1 by about 21 mutations in its spike. Here, we first compared the sensitivity of BA.1 and BA.2 to neutralization by 9 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In contrast to BA.1, BA.2 was sensitive to Cilgavimab, partly inhibited by Imdevimab and resistant to Adintrevimab and Sotrovimab. We then analyzed sera from 29 immunocompromised individuals up to one month after administration of the Ronapreve (Casirivimab and Imdevimab) and/or Evusheld (Cilgavimab and Tixagevimab) antibody cocktails. All treated individuals displayed elevated antibody levels in their sera, which efficiently neutralized the Delta variant. Sera from Ronapreve recipients did not neutralize BA.1 and weakly inhibited BA.2. Neutralization of BA.1 and BA.2 was detected in 19 and 29 out of 29 Evusheld recipients, respectively. As compared to the Delta variant, neutralizing titers were more markedly decreased against BA.1 (344-fold) than BA.2 (9-fold). We further report 4 breakthrough Omicron infections among the 29 individuals, indicating that antibody treatment did not fully prevent infection. Collectively, BA.1 and BA.2 exhibit noticeable differences in their sensitivity to therapeutic mAbs. Anti-Omicron neutralizing activity of Ronapreve, and to a lesser extent that of Evusheld, is reduced in patients' sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Bruel
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France. .,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
| | - Jérôme Hadjadj
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Delphine Planas
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Aymeric Seve
- CHR d'Orléans, service de maladies infectieuses, Orléans, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | | | - Françoise Porrot
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - William-Henry Bolland
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, École doctorale BioSPC 562, Paris, France
| | - Yann Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Marion Casadevall
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Charre
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- INSERM, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Veyer
- INSERM, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Prot
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Artem Baidaliuk
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lize Cuypers
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cyril Planchais
- Humoral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Humoral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Guy Baele
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Mouthon
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | | | - Etienne Simon-Loriere
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel André
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Terrier
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, AP-HP, APHP.CUP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- CHR d'Orléans, service de maladies infectieuses, Orléans, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France. .,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
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Mamais I, Malatras A, Papagregoriou G, Giallourou N, Kakouri AC, Karayiannis P, Koliou M, Christaki E, Nikolopoulos GK, Deltas C. Circulating IgG Levels in SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Individuals in Cyprus. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245882. [PMID: 34945178 PMCID: PMC8708243 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term persistence and the heterogeneity of humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 have not yet been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this work is to study the production of circulating immunoglobulin class G (IgG) antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with past infection in Cyprus. Individuals of the general population, with or without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, were invited to visit the Biobank at the Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research of the University of Cyprus. Serum IgG antibodies were measured using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG and the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assays of Abbott Laboratories. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 were also evaluated against participants’ demographic and clinical data. All statistical analyses were conducted in Stata 16. The median levels of receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG in 969 unvaccinated individuals, who were reportedly infected between November 2020 and September 2021, were 432.1 arbitrary units (AI)/mL (interquartile range—IQR: 182.4–1147.3). Higher antibody levels were observed in older participants, males, and those who reportedly developed symptoms or were hospitalized. The RBD-specific IgG levels peaked at three months post symptom onset and subsequently decreased up to month six, with a slower decay thereafter. IgG response to the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 is bi-phasic with considerable titer variability. Levels of IgG are significantly associated with several parameters, including age, gender, and severity of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mamais
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
| | - Apostolos Malatras
- Biobank.cy Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (A.M.); (G.P.); (N.G.); (A.C.K.)
| | - Gregory Papagregoriou
- Biobank.cy Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (A.M.); (G.P.); (N.G.); (A.C.K.)
| | - Natasa Giallourou
- Biobank.cy Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (A.M.); (G.P.); (N.G.); (A.C.K.)
| | - Andrea C. Kakouri
- Biobank.cy Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (A.M.); (G.P.); (N.G.); (A.C.K.)
| | - Peter Karayiannis
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus;
| | - Maria Koliou
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (M.K.); (E.C.)
| | - Eirini Christaki
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (M.K.); (E.C.)
| | - Georgios K. Nikolopoulos
- Biobank.cy Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (A.M.); (G.P.); (N.G.); (A.C.K.)
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (M.K.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.K.N.); (C.D.); Tel.: +357-2289-5223 (G.K.N.); +357-2289-2882 (C.D.)
| | - Constantinos Deltas
- Biobank.cy Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (A.M.); (G.P.); (N.G.); (A.C.K.)
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (M.K.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.K.N.); (C.D.); Tel.: +357-2289-5223 (G.K.N.); +357-2289-2882 (C.D.)
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Persistence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies for 13 Months after Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112313. [PMID: 34835119 PMCID: PMC8622371 DOI: 10.3390/v13112313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamics of antibody responses were investigated after a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a private company during the first wave of the pandemic. METHODS Workers of a sewing company (Lithuania) with known SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result during the outbreak (April 2020) were invited to participate in the study. Virus-specific IgG and IgM were monitored 2, 6 and 13 months after the outbreak via rapid IgG/IgM serological test and SARS-CoV-2 S protein-specific IgG ELISA. RESULTS Six months after the outbreak, 95% (CI 86-99%) of 59 previously infected individuals had virus-specific antibodies irrespective of the severity of infection. One-third of seropositive individuals had virus-specific IgM along with IgG indicating that IgM may persist for 6 months. Serological testing 13 months after the outbreak included 47 recovered individuals that remained non-vaccinated despite a wide accessibility of COVID-19 vaccines. The seropositivity rate was 83% (CI 69-91%) excluding one case of confirmed asymptomatic reinfection in this group. Between months 6 and 13, IgG levels either declined or remained stable in 31 individual and increased in 7 individuals possibly indicating an exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during the second wave of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies persist up to 13 months after infection for the majority of the cases.
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35
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Velay A, Gallais F, Wendling MJ, Bayer S, Reix N, Schneider A, Glady L, Collongues N, Lessinger JM, Hansmann Y, Kling-Pillitteri L, De Sèze J, Gonzalez M, Schmidt-Mutter C, Meyer N, Fafi-Kremer S. COVID-19 exposure in SARS-CoV-2-seropositive hospital staff members during the first pandemic wave at Strasbourg University Hospital, France. Infect Dis Now 2021; 52:23-30. [PMID: 34775140 PMCID: PMC8582228 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Strasbourg University Hospital faced an important COVID-19 first wave from early March 2020. We performed a longitudinal prospective cohort study to describe clinical and virological data, exposure history to COVID-19, and adherence to strict hygiene standards during the first pandemic wave in 1497 workers undergoing a SARS-CoV-2 serological test at our hospital, with a follow up of serology result three months later. Patients and Methods A total of 1497 patients were enrolled from April 6 to May 7, 2020. Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 was measured, and COVID-19 exposure routes were analyzed according to SARS-CoV-2 serological status. Results A total of 515 patients (34.4%) were seropositive, mainly medical students (13.2%) and assistant nurses (12.0%). A history of COVID-19 exposure in a professional and/or private setting was mentioned by 83.1% of seropositive subjects (P < 0.05; odds ratio [OR]: 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8–3.4). COVID-19 exposure factors associated with seropositive status were non-professional exposure (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3–2.7), especially outside the immediate family circle (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2–3.9) and contact with a COVID-19 patient (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1–2.2). Among professionally exposed workers, systematic adherence to strict hygiene standards was well observed, except for the use of a surgical mask (P < 0.05, OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3–2.8). Of those who reported occasionally or never wearing a surgical mask, nurses (25.7%), assistant nurses (16.2%), and medical students (11.7%) were predominant. Conclusion Infection of staff members during the first pandemic wave in our hospital occurred after both professional and private COVID-19 exposure, underlining the importance of continuous training in strict hygiene standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Velay
- Virology Laboratory and INSERM UMR_S 1109, Strasbourg University Hospital, 3, rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Floriane Gallais
- Virology Laboratory and INSERM UMR_S 1109, Strasbourg University Hospital, 3, rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Josée Wendling
- Virology Laboratory and INSERM UMR_S 1109, Strasbourg University Hospital, 3, rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Bayer
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique et Biologie Moléculaire, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Reix
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique et Biologie Moléculaire, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Schneider
- CHU de Strasbourg, Département de Génétique Moléculaire du cancer, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ludovic Glady
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique et Biologie Moléculaire, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Collongues
- Centre d'investigation Clinique INSERM 1434, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lessinger
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique et Biologie Moléculaire, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Hansmann
- CHU de Strasbourg, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Jérome De Sèze
- Centre d'investigation Clinique INSERM 1434, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria Gonzalez
- CHU de Strasbourg, Service de santé au travail du personnel hospitalier, 67091 Strasbourg, France; CHU de Strasbourg, Service de Pathologies Professionnelles, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Nicolas Meyer
- CHU de Strasbourg, Service de santé Publique, GMRC, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Samira Fafi-Kremer
- Virology Laboratory and INSERM UMR_S 1109, Strasbourg University Hospital, 3, rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Wei J, Matthews PC, Stoesser N, Maddox T, Lorenzi L, Studley R, Bell JI, Newton JN, Farrar J, Diamond I, Rourke E, Howarth A, Marsden BD, Hoosdally S, Jones EY, Stuart DI, Crook DW, Peto TEA, Pouwels KB, Walker AS, Eyre DW. Anti-spike antibody response to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6250. [PMID: 34716320 PMCID: PMC8556331 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the trajectory, duration, and determinants of antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection can inform subsequent protection and risk of reinfection, however large-scale representative studies are limited. Here we estimated antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population using representative data from 7,256 United Kingdom COVID-19 infection survey participants who had positive swab SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests from 26-April-2020 to 14-June-2021. A latent class model classified 24% of participants as 'non-responders' not developing anti-spike antibodies, who were older, had higher SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold values during infection (i.e. lower viral burden), and less frequently reported any symptoms. Among those who seroconverted, using Bayesian linear mixed models, the estimated anti-spike IgG peak level was 7.3-fold higher than the level previously associated with 50% protection against reinfection, with higher peak levels in older participants and those of non-white ethnicity. The estimated anti-spike IgG half-life was 184 days, being longer in females and those of white ethnicity. We estimated antibody levels associated with protection against reinfection likely last 1.5-2 years on average, with levels associated with protection from severe infection present for several years. These estimates could inform planning for vaccination booster strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philippa C Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicole Stoesser
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - John I Bell
- Office of the Regius Professor of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John N Newton
- Health Improvement Directorate, Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Alison Howarth
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brian D Marsden
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Hoosdally
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Yvonne Jones
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David I Stuart
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Derrick W Crook
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim E A Peto
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Koen B Pouwels
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Sarah Walker
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, UCL, London, UK
| | - David W Eyre
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- The National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Protective Immunity after Natural Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) - Kentucky, USA, 2020. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 114:21-28. [PMID: 34649001 PMCID: PMC8506664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As vaccine supply and access remain limited in many parts of the world, understanding the duration of protection from reinfection after natural infection is important. Methods Distinct individuals testing positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2 between March 6, 2020, and August 31, 2020, in Kentucky, USA, were identified using the Kentucky National Electronic Disease Surveillance System. Individuals were followed for occurrence of a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 from 91 days after their initial test result through December 31, 2020. Protection from reinfection provided by a prior infection was calculated and additional analyses evaluated impact of age, sex, symptom status, long-term care facility connection, testing occurrence and frequency, and time from initial infection. Results The protective effect from prior infection was 80.3% (95% CI, 78.2%–82.2%) for those aged 20–59 years and 67.4% (95% CI, 62.8%–71.4%) for those aged ≥60 years. At 30-day time periods through 270 days (with limited exceptions), protection was estimated to be >75% for those aged 20–59 years and >65% for those aged ≥60 years. Factors associated with repeat positive testing included a connection to a long-term care facility, duration of potential exposure, and absence of symptoms during initial infection. Conclusions Natural infection provides substantial and persistent immunologic protection for a period of several months for most individuals, although subpopulations may be at greater risk of repeat positive testing and potential poor outcomes associated with reinfection. These subgroups include individuals aged ≥60 years, residents and staff of long-term care facilities, and those who have mild or asymptomatic illness with initial infection. Continued emphasis on vaccination and infection prevention and control strategies remains critically important in reducing the risk of reinfection and associated severe outcomes for these groups.
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Haveri A, Ekström N, Solastie A, Virta C, Österlund P, Isosaari E, Nohynek H, Palmu AA, Melin M. Persistence of neutralizing antibodies a year after SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:3202-3213. [PMID: 34580856 PMCID: PMC8646652 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most subjects develop antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 following infection. In order to estimate the duration of immunity induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 it is important to understand for how long antibodies persist after infection in humans. Here, we assessed the persistence of serum antibodies following WT SARS‐CoV‐2 infection at 8 and 13 months after diagnosis in 367 individuals. The SARS‐CoV‐2 spike IgG (S‐IgG) and nucleoprotein IgG (N‐IgG) concentrations and the proportion of subjects with neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were assessed. Moreover, the NAb titers among a smaller subset of participants (n = 78) against a WT virus (B) and variants of concern (VOCs): Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Delta (B.1.617.2) were determined. We found that NAb against the WT virus persisted in 89% and S‐IgG in 97% of subjects for at least 13 months after infection. Only 36% had N‐IgG by 13 months. The mean S‐IgG concentrations declined from 8 to 13 months by less than one third; N‐IgG concentrations declined by two‐thirds. Subjects with severe infection had markedly higher IgG and NAb levels and are expected to remain seropositive for longer. Significantly lower NAb titers against the variants compared to the WT virus, especially after a mild disease, suggests reduced protection against VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Haveri
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Ekström
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Solastie
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Virta
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pamela Österlund
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Isosaari
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Nohynek
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto A Palmu
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merit Melin
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Barry M, Temsah MH, Aljamaan F, Saddik B, Al-Eyadhy A, Alenezi S, Alamro N, Alhuzaimi AN, Alhaboob A, Alhasan K, Alsohime F, Alaraj A, Halwani R, Jamal A, Temsah O, Alzamil F, Somily A, Al-Tawfiq JA. COVID-19 vaccine uptake among healthcare workers in the fourth country to authorize BNT162b2 during the first month of rollout. Vaccine 2021; 39:5762-5768. [PMID: 34481700 PMCID: PMC8410227 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was the fourth country in the world to authorize the BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, which it rolled out on December 17, 2020 and first targeted at healthcare workers (HCWs). This study assesses vaccine uptake among this group during the first month of its availability. METHODS A national cross-sectional, pilot-validated, self-administered survey was conducted among HCWs in the KSA between December 27, 2020 and January 3, 2021. The survey included sociodemographic details, previous contact with COVID-19 patients, previous infection with COVID-19, receiving (or registering with the Ministry of Health website to receive) the COVID-19 vaccine, sources of HCWs' information on vaccines, awareness of emerging variants of concern, and anxiety level using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder assessment. A descriptive bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic binary regression analysis were performed. The primary evaluated outcome was vaccine uptake. RESULTS Of the 1058 participants who completed the survey, 704 (66.5%) were female, and 626 (59.2%) were nurses. Of all the respondents, 352 (33.27%) were enrolled to receive or had already received the vaccine, while 706 (66.73%) had not enrolled. In a bivariate analysis, not enrolling for vaccination was more likely in females than males (78.5% vs. 21.5%, P < 0.001), HCWs between the ages of 20 and 40 years than those >40 years (70.4% vs. 29.6%, P = 0.005), Saudi HCWs than expatriates (78% vs 22%, P < 0.001), and among HCWs who used social media as a source of information than those who did not (69.8% vs. 38.6%, P < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, independent factors associated with uptake were being a Saudi national (aOR = 1.918, 95 %CI = 1.363-2.698, P < 0.001), working in an intensive care unit (aOR = 1.495, 95 %CI = 1.083-2.063, P = 0.014), and working at a university hospital (aOR = 1.867, 95 %CI = 1.380-2.525, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A low level of vaccine uptake was observed especially in female HCWs, those younger than 40 years old, and those who used social media as their source of vaccine information. This survey provides important information for public health authorities in order to scale up vaccination campaigns targeting these HCWs to increase vaccine enrollment and uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin Barry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadi Aljamaan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Critical Care Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basema Saddik
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayman Al-Eyadhy
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuliweeh Alenezi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nurah Alamro
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N Alhuzaimi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alhaboob
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhasan
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alsohime
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alaraj
- Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amr Jamal
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Temsah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alzamil
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Somily
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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40
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Carreño JM, Mendu DR, Simon V, Shariff MA, Singh G, Menon V, Krammer F. Longitudinal analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence using multiple serology platforms. iScience 2021; 24:102937. [PMID: 34368647 PMCID: PMC8324485 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serological tests are based on the full-length spike (S), the receptor-binding domain (RBD), or the nucleoprotein (NP) as substrates. Here, we used samples from healthcare workers (HCWs) to perform a longitudinal analysis of the antibody responses using a research-grade RBD and spike-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a commercial RBD and spike-based ELISA, and a commercial NP-based chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Seroprevalence ranged around 28% early during the pandemic and a good correlation was observed between RBD and spike-based ELISAs. Modest correlations were observed between NP and both RBD and spike-based assays. The antibody levels in HCWs declined over time; however, the overall seroprevalence measured by RBD and spike-based assays remained unchanged, while the seroprevalence of NP-reactive antibodies significantly declined. Moreover, RBD and spike-based assays effectively detected seroconversion in vaccinees. Overall, our results consolidate the strength of different serological assays to assess the magnitude and duration of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Damodara Rao Mendu
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Masood A. Shariff
- Department of Internal Medicine, NYC Health + Hospitals/Lincoln, The Bronx, NY 10451, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vidya Menon
- Department of Internal Medicine, NYC Health + Hospitals/Lincoln, The Bronx, NY 10451, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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41
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Wei J, Stoesser N, Matthews PC, Ayoubkhani D, Studley R, Bell I, Bell JI, Newton JN, Farrar J, Diamond I, Rourke E, Howarth A, Marsden BD, Hoosdally S, Jones EY, Stuart DI, Crook DW, Peto TEA, Pouwels KB, Eyre DW, Walker AS. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in 45,965 adults from the general population of the United Kingdom. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:1140-1149. [PMID: 34290390 PMCID: PMC8294260 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report that in a cohort of 45,965 adults, who were receiving either the ChAdOx1 or the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, in those who had no prior infection with SARS-CoV-2, seroconversion rates and quantitative antibody levels after a single dose were lower in older individuals, especially in those aged >60 years. Two vaccine doses achieved high responses across all ages. Antibody levels increased more slowly and to lower levels with a single dose of ChAdOx1 compared with a single dose of BNT162b2, but waned following a single dose of BNT162b2 in older individuals. In descriptive latent class models, we identified four responder subgroups, including a 'low responder' group that more commonly consisted of people aged >75 years, males and individuals with long-term health conditions. Given our findings, we propose that available vaccines should be prioritized for those not previously infected and that second doses should be prioritized for individuals aged >60 years. Further data are needed to better understand the extent to which quantitative antibody responses are associated with vaccine-mediated protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicole Stoesser
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Philippa C Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Iain Bell
- Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK
| | - John I Bell
- Office of the Regius Professor of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John N Newton
- Health Improvement Directorate, Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Alison Howarth
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Brian D Marsden
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Hoosdally
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Yvonne Jones
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David I Stuart
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Derrick W Crook
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Tim E A Peto
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Koen B Pouwels
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David W Eyre
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- The National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| | - A Sarah Walker
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, UCL, London, UK
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42
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Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has increased awareness about sex-specific differences in immunity and outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Strong evidence of a male bias in COVID-19 disease severity is hypothesized to be mediated by sex differential immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. This hypothesis is based on data from other viral infections, including influenza viruses, HIV, hepatitis viruses, and others that have demonstrated sex-specific immunity to viral infections. Although males are more susceptible to most viral infections, females possess immunological features that render them more vulnerable to distinct immune-related disease outcomes. Both sex chromosome complement and related genes as well as sex steroids play important roles in mediating the development of sex differences in immunity to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabra L. Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now caused over 2 million deaths worldwide and continues to expand. Currently, much is unknown about functionally neutralizing human antibody responses and durability to SARS-CoV-2 months after infection or the reason for the discrepancy in COVID-19 disease and sex. Using convalescent-phase sera collected from 101 COVID-19-recovered individuals 21 to 212 days after symptom onset with 48 additional longitudinal samples, we measured functionality and durability of serum antibodies. We also evaluated associations of individual demographic and clinical parameters with functional neutralizing antibody responses to COVID-19. We found robust antibody durability out to 6 months, as well as significant positive associations with the magnitude of the neutralizing antibody response and male sex and in individuals with cardiometabolic comorbidities. IMPORTANCE In this study, we found that neutralizing antibody responses in COVID-19-convalescent individuals vary in magnitude but are durable and correlate well with receptor binding domain (RBD) Ig binding antibody levels compared to other SARS-CoV-2 antigen responses. In our cohort, higher neutralizing antibody titers are independently and significantly associated with male sex compared to female sex. We also show for the first time that higher convalescent antibody titers in male donors are associated with increased age and symptom grade. Furthermore, cardiometabolic comorbidities are associated with higher antibody titers independently of sex. Here, we present an in-depth evaluation of serologic, demographic, and clinical correlates of functional antibody responses and durability to SARS-CoV-2 which supports the growing literature on sex discrepancies regarding COVID-19 disease morbidity and mortality, as well as functional neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.
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Yatim N, Boussier J, Tetu P, Smith N, Bruel T, Charbit B, Barnabei L, Corneau A, Da Meda L, Allayous C, Baroudjian B, Jebali M, Herms F, Grzelak L, Staropoli I, Calmettes V, Hadjadj J, Peyrony O, Cassius C, LeGoff J, Kramkimel N, Aractingi S, Fontes M, Blanc C, Rieux-Laucat F, Schwartz O, Terrier B, Duffy D, Lebbé C. Immune checkpoint inhibitors increase T cell immunity during SARS-CoV-2 infection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/34/eabg4081. [PMID: 34407944 PMCID: PMC8373136 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide, yet the role of antiviral T cell immunity during infection and the contribution of immune checkpoints remain unclear. By prospectively following a cohort of 292 patients with melanoma, half of which treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), we identified 15 patients with acute or convalescent COVID-19 and investigated their transcriptomic, proteomic, and cellular profiles. We found that ICI treatment was not associated with severe COVID-19 and did not alter the induction of inflammatory and type I interferon responses. In-depth phenotyping demonstrated expansion of CD8 effector memory T cells, enhanced T cell activation, and impaired plasmablast induction in ICI-treated COVID-19 patients. The evaluation of specific adaptive immunity in convalescent patients showed higher spike (S), nucleoprotein (N), and membrane (M) antigen-specific T cell responses and similar induction of spike-specific antibody responses. Our findings provide evidence that ICI during COVID-19 enhanced T cell immunity without exacerbating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Yatim
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France.
- Université de Paris, APHP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Dermatology Department, DMU ICARE, INSERM U-976, Paris, France
| | - Jeremy Boussier
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Tetu
- Université de Paris, APHP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Dermatology Department, DMU ICARE, INSERM U-976, Paris, France
| | - Nikaïa Smith
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
| | - Bruno Charbit
- Institut Pasteur, Cytometry and Biomarkers UTechS, CRT, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Laura Barnabei
- Université de Paris, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Corneau
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine, UMS037, PASS, Plateforme de Cytométrie de la Pitié-Salpêtrière CyPS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Da Meda
- Université de Paris, APHP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Dermatology Department, DMU ICARE, INSERM U-976, Paris, France
| | - Clara Allayous
- Université de Paris, APHP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Dermatology Department, DMU ICARE, INSERM U-976, Paris, France
| | - Barouyr Baroudjian
- Université de Paris, APHP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Dermatology Department, DMU ICARE, INSERM U-976, Paris, France
| | - Majdi Jebali
- Université de Paris, APHP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Dermatology Department, DMU ICARE, INSERM U-976, Paris, France
| | - Florian Herms
- Université de Paris, APHP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Dermatology Department, DMU ICARE, INSERM U-976, Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Grzelak
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Calmettes
- Université de Paris, APHP Hopital Cochin, Department of Dermatology, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Hadjadj
- Université de Paris, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, APHP Hopital Cochin, Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre (APHP-CUP), F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Peyrony
- APHP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Emergency Department, Paris, France
| | - Charles Cassius
- Université de Paris, APHP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Dermatology Department, DMU ICARE, INSERM U-976, Paris, France
| | - Jerome LeGoff
- Université de Paris, INSERM, Equipe INSIGHT, U976, Virology, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Nora Kramkimel
- Université de Paris, APHP Hopital Cochin, Department of Dermatology, Paris, France
| | - Selim Aractingi
- Université de Paris, APHP Hopital Cochin, Department of Dermatology, Paris, France
| | | | - Catherine Blanc
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine, UMS037, PASS, Plateforme de Cytométrie de la Pitié-Salpêtrière CyPS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Frederic Rieux-Laucat
- Université de Paris, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France
| | - Benjamin Terrier
- Université de Paris, APHP Hopital Cochin, Department of Internal Medicine, National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris-Centre (APHP-CUP), F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, F-75015 Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Cytometry and Biomarkers UTechS, CRT, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Celeste Lebbé
- Université de Paris, APHP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Dermatology Department, DMU ICARE, INSERM U-976, Paris, France.
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45
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Focosi D, Franchini M. Clinical predictors of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 convalescents: Implications for convalescent plasma donor recruitment. Eur J Haematol 2021; 107:24-28. [PMID: 33780551 PMCID: PMC8250676 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) efficacy is still under investigation in randomized controlled trials (RCT), CCP collections continue worldwide with largely variable criteria. Since it is well known that only a minority of patients develop high-titer neutralizing antibodies (nAb), as assessed by the viral neutralization tests (VNT), strategies to maximize cost-effectiveness of CCP collection are urgently needed. A growing amount of the population is having exposure to the virus and is hence becoming a candidate CCP donor. Laboratory screening with high-throughput serology has good correlations with the VNT titer, but upstream screening using clinical surrogates would be advisable. We review here the existing literature on clinical predictors of high-titer nAb. Older age, male sex, and hospitalization are the main proxies of high VNT and should drive CCP donor recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Focosi
- North‐Western Tuscany Blood BankPisa University HospitalPisaItaly
| | - Massimo Franchini
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion MedicineCarlo Poma HospitalMantuaItaly
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46
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Terpos E, Stellas D, Rosati M, Sergentanis TN, Hu X, Politou M, Pappa V, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Karaliota S, Bear J, Donohue D, Pagoni M, Grouzi E, Korompoki E, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK, Dimopoulos MA. SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics eight months from COVID-19 onset: Persistence of spike antibodies but loss of neutralizing antibodies in 24% of convalescent plasma donors. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 89:87-96. [PMID: 34053848 PMCID: PMC8128693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the characteristics of human immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is of high priority and relevant for determining vaccine strategies. We report the results of a follow-up evaluation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 148 convalescent plasma donors who participated in a phase 2 study at a median of 8.3 months (range 6.8-10.5 months) post first symptom onset. Monitoring responses over time, we found contraction of antibody responses for all four antigens tested, with Spike antibodies showing higher persistence than Nucleocapsid antibodies. A piecewise linear random-effects multivariate regression analysis showed a bi-phasic antibody decay with a more pronounced decrease during the first 6 months post symptoms onset by analysis of two intervals. Interestingly, antibodies to Spike showed better longevity whereas their neutralization ability contracted faster. As a result, neutralizing antibodies were detected in only 76% of patients at the last time point. In a multivariate analysis, older age and hospitalization were independently associated with higher Spike, Spike-RBD, Nucleocapsid, N-RBD antibodies and neutralizing antibody levels. Results on persistence and neutralizing ability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, especially against Spike and Spike-RBD, should be considered in the design of future vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11528, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitris Stellas
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Theodoros N Sergentanis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Xintao Hu
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Marianna Politou
- Hematology Laboratory Blood Bank, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Pappa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Sevasti Karaliota
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA; Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jenifer Bear
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Duncan Donohue
- MS Applied Information and Management Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Pagoni
- Department of Hematology and Lymphomas, BMT Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Elisavet Grouzi
- Department of Transfusion Service and Clinical Hemostasis, "Saint Savvas" Oncology Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Korompoki
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Meletios A Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Alexandra General Hospital, 80 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11528, Athens, Greece
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Bayart JL, Morimont L, Closset M, Wieërs G, Roy T, Gerin V, Elsen M, Eucher C, Van Eeckhoudt S, Ausselet N, David C, Mullier F, Dogné JM, Favresse J, Douxfils J. Confounding Factors Influencing the Kinetics and Magnitude of Serological Response Following Administration of BNT162b2. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1340. [PMID: 34205564 PMCID: PMC8235462 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about potential confounding factors influencing the humoral response in individuals having received the BNT162b2 vaccine. METHODS Blood samples from 231 subjects were collected before and 14, 28, and 42 days following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination with BNT162b2. Anti-spike receptor-binding-domain protein (anti-Spike/RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were measured at each time-point. Impact of age, sex, childbearing age status, hormonal therapy, blood group, body mass index and past-history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were assessed by multivariable analyses. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In naïve subjects, the level of anti-Spike/RBD antibodies gradually increased following administration of the first dose to reach the maximal response at day 28 and then plateauing at day 42. In vaccinated subjects with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, the plateau was reached sooner (i.e., at day 14). In the naïve population, age had a significant negative impact on anti-Spike/RBD titers at days 14 and 28 while lower levels were observed for males at day 42, when corrected for other confounding factors. Body mass index (BMI) as well as B and AB blood groups had a significant impact in various subgroups on the early response at day 14 but no longer after. No significant confounding factors were highlighted in the previously infected group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Bayart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique Saint-Pierre, 1340 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (J.-L.B.); (T.R.); (V.G.)
| | - Laure Morimont
- Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (L.M.); (J.-M.D.); (J.F.)
- QUALIblood S.A., 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Mélanie Closset
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHU-UCL Namur, Université Catholique de Louvain, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium; (M.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Grégoire Wieërs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinique Saint-Pierre, 1340 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Tatiana Roy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique Saint-Pierre, 1340 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (J.-L.B.); (T.R.); (V.G.)
| | - Vincent Gerin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique Saint-Pierre, 1340 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (J.-L.B.); (T.R.); (V.G.)
| | - Marc Elsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique Saint-Luc Bouge, 5004 Namur, Belgium; (M.E.); (C.E.)
| | - Christine Eucher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique Saint-Luc Bouge, 5004 Namur, Belgium; (M.E.); (C.E.)
| | | | - Nathalie Ausselet
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU-UCL Namur, Université Catholique de Louvain, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium;
| | | | - François Mullier
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHU-UCL Namur, Université Catholique de Louvain, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium; (M.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (L.M.); (J.-M.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Julien Favresse
- Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (L.M.); (J.-M.D.); (J.F.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique Saint-Luc Bouge, 5004 Namur, Belgium; (M.E.); (C.E.)
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (L.M.); (J.-M.D.); (J.F.)
- QUALIblood S.A., 5000 Namur, Belgium;
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48
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Abstract
Biological sex affects the outcome of diverse respiratory viral infections. The pathogenesis of respiratory infections caused by viruses ranging from respiratory syncytial virus to influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 differs between the sexes across the life course. Generally, males are more susceptible to severe outcomes from respiratory viral infections at younger and older ages. During reproductive years (i.e., after puberty and prior to menopause), females are often at greater risk than males for severe outcomes. Pregnancy and biological sex affect the pathogenesis of respiratory viral infections. In addition to sex differences in the pathogenesis of disease, there are consistent sex differences in responses to treatments, with females often developing greater immune responses but experiencing more adverse reactions than males. Animal models provide mechanistic insights into the causes of sex differences in respiratory virus pathogenesis and treatment outcomes, where available. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Virology, Volume 8 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Ursin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21205;
| | - Sabra L Klein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21205; .,W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Maryland, USA 21205
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49
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Spinelli MA, Lynch KL, Yun C, Glidden DV, Peluso MJ, Henrich TJ, Gandhi M, Brown LB. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, and IgG concentration and pseudovirus neutralising antibody titres after infection, compared by HIV status: a matched case-control observational study. Lancet HIV 2021; 8:e334-e341. [PMID: 33933189 PMCID: PMC8084354 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(21)00072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Most cohorts show similar or lower COVID-19 incidence among people living with HIV compared with the general population. However, incidence might be affected by lower testing rates among vulnerable populations. We aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence, disease severity, and neutralising antibody activity after infection among people with and without HIV receiving care in a county hospital system over a 3-month period. Methods In this matched case-control observational study, remnant serum samples were collected between Aug 1 and Oct 31, 2020, from all people living with HIV who underwent routine outpatient laboratory testing in a municipal health-care system (San Francisco General Hospital, CA, USA). Samples from people living with HIV were date of collection-matched (same day) and age-matched (±5 years) to samples from randomly selected adults (aged 18 years or older) without HIV receiving care for chronic conditions at the same hospital. We compared seroprevalence by HIV status via mixed-effects logistic regression models, accounting for the matched structure of the data (random effects for the matched group), adjusting for age, sex, race or ethnicity, and clinical factors (ie, history of cardiovascular or pulmonary disease, and type 2 diabetes). Severe COVID-19 was assessed in participants with past SARS-CoV-2 (IgG or PCR) infection by chart review and compared with multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression, adjusting for age and sex. SARS-CoV-2 IgG, neutralising antibody titres, and antibody avidity were measured in serum of participants with previous positive PCR tests and compared with multivariable mixed-effects models, adjusting for age, sex, and time since PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Findings 1138 samples from 955 people living with HIV and 1118 samples from 1062 people without HIV were tested. SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence was 3·7% (95% CI 2·4 to 5·0) among people with HIV compared with 7·4% (5·7 to 9·2) among people without HIV (adjusted odds ratio 0·50, 95% CI 0·30 to 0·83). Among 31 people with HIV and 70 people without HIV who had evidence of past infection, the odds of severe COVID-19 were 5·52 (95% CI 1·01 to 64·48) times higher among people living with HIV. Adjusting for time since PCR-confirmed infection, SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations were lower (percentage change −53%, 95% CI −4 to −76), pseudovirus neutralising antibody titres were lower (−67%, −25 to −86), and avidity was similar (7%, −73 to 87) among people living with HIV compared with those without HIV. Interpretation Although fewer infections were detected by SARS-CoV-2 IgG testing among people living with HIV than among those without HIV, people with HIV had more cases of severe COVID-19. Among people living with HIV with past SARS-CoV-2 infection, lower IgG concentrations and pseudovirus neutralising antibody titres might reflect a diminished serological response to infection, and the similar avidity could be driven by similar time since infection. Funding US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Spinelli
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Kara L Lynch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David V Glidden
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Peluso
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J Henrich
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monica Gandhi
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lillian B Brown
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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50
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Planas D, Bruel T, Grzelak L, Guivel-Benhassine F, Staropoli I, Porrot F, Planchais C, Buchrieser J, Rajah MM, Bishop E, Albert M, Donati F, Prot M, Behillil S, Enouf V, Maquart M, Smati-Lafarge M, Varon E, Schortgen F, Yahyaoui L, Gonzalez M, De Sèze J, Péré H, Veyer D, Sève A, Simon-Lorière E, Fafi-Kremer S, Stefic K, Mouquet H, Hocqueloux L, van der Werf S, Prazuck T, Schwartz O. Sensitivity of infectious SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants to neutralizing antibodies. Nat Med 2021; 27:917-924. [PMID: 33772244 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 151.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants were first identified in the United Kingdom and South Africa, respectively, and have since spread to many countries. These variants harboring diverse mutations in the gene encoding the spike protein raise important concerns about their immune evasion potential. Here, we isolated infectious B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 strains from acutely infected individuals. We examined sensitivity of the two variants to SARS-CoV-2 antibodies present in sera and nasal swabs from individuals infected with previously circulating strains or who were recently vaccinated, in comparison with a D614G reference virus. We utilized a new rapid neutralization assay, based on reporter cells that become positive for GFP after overnight infection. Sera from 58 convalescent individuals collected up to 9 months after symptoms, similarly neutralized B.1.1.7 and D614G. In contrast, after 9 months, convalescent sera had a mean sixfold reduction in neutralizing titers, and 40% of the samples lacked any activity against B.1.351. Sera from 19 individuals vaccinated twice with Pfizer Cominarty, longitudinally tested up to 6 weeks after vaccination, were similarly potent against B.1.1.7 but less efficacious against B.1.351, when compared to D614G. Neutralizing titers increased after the second vaccine dose, but remained 14-fold lower against B.1.351. In contrast, sera from convalescent or vaccinated individuals similarly bound the three spike proteins in a flow cytometry-based serological assay. Neutralizing antibodies were rarely detected in nasal swabs from vaccinees. Thus, faster-spreading SARS-CoV-2 variants acquired a partial resistance to neutralizing antibodies generated by natural infection or vaccination, which was most frequently detected in individuals with low antibody levels. Our results indicate that B1.351, but not B.1.1.7, may increase the risk of infection in immunized individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Planas
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Ludivine Grzelak
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Florence Guivel-Benhassine
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Françoise Porrot
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Cyril Planchais
- Laboratory of Humoral Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | - Julian Buchrieser
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Maaran Michael Rajah
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Bishop
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Albert
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur CNRS UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Flora Donati
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur CNRS UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Prot
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Behillil
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur CNRS UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Enouf
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur CNRS UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Gonzalez
- CHU de Strasbourg, Service de Pathologie Professionnelle et Médecine du Travail, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérôme De Sèze
- Centre d'investigation Clinique INSERM 1434, CHU Strasbourg, France.,CHU de Strasbourg, Service de Neurologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- INSERM, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - David Veyer
- INSERM, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Aymeric Sève
- CHR d'Orléans, Service de maladies infectieuses, Orléans, France
| | | | - Samira Fafi-Kremer
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, IRM UMR_S 1109, Strasbourg, France
| | - Karl Stefic
- INSERM U1259, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, National Reference Center for HIV-Associated laboratory, Tours, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Laboratory of Humoral Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | | | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur CNRS UMR 3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- CHR d'Orléans, Service de maladies infectieuses, Orléans, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. .,CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France. .,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
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