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Kim DH, Song JY, Park J, Kwon BY, Lee KW. The Effect of Low Temperature on Laying Performance and Physiological Stress Responses in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3824. [PMID: 38136861 PMCID: PMC10741227 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of low temperature on laying performance, egg quality, body temperature, yolk malondialdehyde, yolk corticosterone, and serum biochemistry in laying hens. A total of 40 laying hens (Hy-Line Brown) aged 36 weeks were housed in one of two environmental chambers kept at 12 ± 4.5 °C (low temperature) or 24 ± 3 °C (normal temperature) for 4 weeks. Low vs. normal temperature significantly increased (p < 0.05) live body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio in laying hens. Skin surface temperature, but not rectal temperature, was decreased in laying hens exposed to low vs. normal temperature. Hens exposed to low temperature laid an intense eggshell color compared with those raised in a normal temperature. Malondialdehyde concentrations in yolk were increased in low-temperature-exposed laying hens compared with those at normal temperature conditions, but this effect was only noted on day 7, post the low-temperature exposure (p = 0.04). Finally, low vs. normal temperature increased the concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum. Collectively, this study indicates that exposure to low temperature in laying hens initially disrupted antioxidant system and altered lipid metabolism in laying hens without inducing stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (D.-H.K.); (J.-Y.S.); (J.P.); (B.-Y.K.)
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2
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Bayril T. Effects of dietary stevia and ginger extracts on fattening
performance, organ weights and serum biochemical parameters
in quails exposed to heat stress. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/159282/2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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3
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Saeedi S, Hassanabadi A, Zaeemi M. Effects of cold stress on growth performance, carcass traits and tibia attributes in broiler chickens with thiram-induced dyschondroplasia. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:659-670. [PMID: 35638581 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cold stress (CS) on growth performance and tibia attributes in broiler chickens with thiram-induced dyschondroplasia (TD). Four hundred 10-day-old male broilers were randomly allocated into four groups including, NT0: normal temperature (NT) without thiram; NT50: NT + thiram; CS0: CS without thiram; and CS50: CS + thiram in a completely randomised. The birds in CS groups were placed at a constant temperature of 15 ± 1°C during 11-20 days. Thiram (50 mg/kg) was added to the diet during 11-14 days to induce TD. Results showed that main effects of CS and thiram significantly decreased body weight and daily weight gain during 11-42 days (p < 0.05). Feed intake in the thiram50 group was significantly lower than the group thiram0 during 25-42 days (p < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio in CS birds was significantly more than NT group during 25-42 days (p < 0.05). On day 16, tibia width (TW) and TW to tibia length (TL) ratio were significantly higher in CS chicks compared to the NT group. TW was significantly higher in thiram50 group than thiram0 group (p < 0.05). On day 19, TL in CS chicks was significantly shorter than NT (p < 0.05). On day 23, growth plate width (GPW) in thiram50 group was significantly higher than thiram0 birds. In general, thiram increased tibial GPW and CS decreased TD severity as well as decreased growth performance in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Saeedi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hassanabadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Zaeemi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Gil MG, Gomez-Raya L, Torres O, Cigarroa-Vazquez FA, Davila SG, Rauw WM. Heterophil/lymphocyte response of local Spanish breeds of laying hens to cold stress, heat stress, and water restriction. J Therm Biol 2023; 113:103542. [PMID: 37055118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental challenges may adversely affect poultry production. Autochthonous breeds are particularly valuable in a climate change context because of adaptation to the local environment. The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of cold stress, water restriction, and heat stress on the stress response quantified by the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (H/L) of ten local Spanish breeds of laying hens. Hens of these local breeds were consecutively subjected to three treatments: natural cold stress (2, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 13 °C), water restriction (with a duration of 2.5, 4.5, 7, 10, and 12 h, respectively), and natural heat stress (23, 26, 28, 30, 34, 38, 40, and 42 °C). During cold stress, H/L was higher at 9 and 13 °C than at 2, 4, and 6 °C, and higher at 9 °C than at 7 °C (P < 0.05). H/L values were similar during all water restriction levels. During heat stress, H/L was particularly elevated at temperatures higher than 40 °C (P < 0.05). Overall, Andaluza Azul, Andaluza Perdiz and Prat Codorniz showed lowest resilience to stress based on their H/L response, whereas Pardo de Leon, Villafranquina Roja, and Prat Leonada showed highest resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Gil
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gomez-Raya
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Torres
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sara G Davila
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wendy M Rauw
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Balakrishnan KN, Ramiah SK, Zulkifli I. Heat Shock Protein Response to Stress in Poultry: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020317. [PMID: 36670857 PMCID: PMC9854570 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to other animal species, production has dramatically increased in the poultry sector. However, in intensive production systems, poultry are subjected to stress conditions that may compromise their well-being. Much like other living organisms, poultry respond to various stressors by synthesising a group of evolutionarily conserved polypeptides named heat shock proteins (HSPs) to maintain homeostasis. These proteins, as chaperones, play a pivotal role in protecting animals against stress by re-establishing normal protein conformation and, thus, cellular homeostasis. In the last few decades, many advances have been made in ascertaining the HSP response to thermal and non-thermal stressors in poultry. The present review focuses on what is currently known about the HSP response to thermal and non-thermal stressors in poultry and discusses the factors that modulate its induction and regulatory mechanisms. The development of practical strategies to alleviate the detrimental effects of environmental stresses on poultry will benefit from detailed studies that describe the mechanisms of stress resilience and enhance our understanding of the nature of heat shock signalling proteins and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9769-4882
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6
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Zhang S, Gong R, Zhao N, Zhang Y, Xing L, Liu X, Bao J, Li J. Effect of intermittent mild cold stimulation on intestinal immune function and the anti-stress ability of broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102407. [PMID: 36571877 PMCID: PMC9803957 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 240 healthy 1-day-old Ross 308 male broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups (CS0 group, CS3 group, and CS6 group), with 5 replicates in each group and 16 broilers in each replicate, in order to evaluate the effects of intermittent mild cold stimulation (IMCS) on the intestinal immune function and anti-cold stress ability of broilers after acute cold stress. The mRNA expression levels of cytokines and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the duodenum and jejunum were detected at the end of cold stimulation (36 d), 2 wk after recovery (50 d), and after acute cold stress (Y6). In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) were measured before and after acute cold stress. The experimental data were statistically processed using 1-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparisons. The results showed that the mRNA expression levels of IL2, IL8, IFN γ, TLR7, and TLR21 in the duodenum and IL2 and IFN γ in jejunum were significantly higher in the CS6 group than in the CS0 and CS3 groups at 36 d (P < 0.05). All TLR levels in the jejunum were significantly lower in the CS3 group than in the CS0 and CS6 groups at 36 d (P < 0.05). After 6 h of acute cold stress, in the duodenum, the mRNA expression levels of IL6 and IL8 were significantly decreased in the CS0 and CS6 groups compared to levels at 50 d (P < 0.05), while levels in the CS3 group remained stable (P > 0.05). Compared with 50 d, the expression level of HSP mRNA in the jejunum in the CS3 group was relatively stable compared to that in the CS0 and CS6 groups after acute cold stress (P > 0.05). At the protein level, the HSP60 expression level in the duodenum and HSP40, HSP60, and HSP70 expression levels in the jejunum were significantly higher in the CS3 group than in the CS0 and CS6 groups after acute cold stress (P < 0.05). In conclusion, cold stimulation training at 3℃/3 h lower than the conventional feeding temperature can improve the intestinal immune function and anti-stress ability of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Rixin Gong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lu Xing
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaotao Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China,Corresponding author:
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7
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Dai J, Wang H, Liao Y, Tan L, Sun Y, Song C, Liu W, Qiu X, Ding C. RNA-seq and LC-MS/MS analysis of antiviral effects mediated by cold stress and stress hormone corticosterone in chicken DF-1 cells. Vet Microbiol 2022; 275:109580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Effects of Housing and Management Systems on the Growth, Immunity, Antioxidation, and Related Physiological and Biochemical Indicators of Donkeys in Cold Weather. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182405. [PMID: 36139265 PMCID: PMC9494980 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was designed with a 2 × 2 factorial experiment to evaluate the effects of growth performance, immune function, antioxidant status, blood biochemical indexes, and hormone levels of donkeys in different housing and management systems in cold weather. Twenty-four male donkeys with similar body weight and age were randomly allocated into four treatment groups that were as follows: a cold-water-drinking group without a windproof facility, a lukewarm-water-drinking group without windproof facilities, a cold-water-drinking group with a windproof facility, and a lukewarm-water-drinking group with a windproof facility. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showed that windproof facilities increased average daily gain (ADG) and decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) at all time periods (p < 0.01) of the experiment. Windproof facilities increased the digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude fat (CF), crude protein (CP), ash, calcium (Ca), and phosphate (P) on day 21 (p < 0.01), and increased the digestibility of DM, CF, ash, and P on day 42 (p < 0.01). The respiration rate and the skin temperature of the abdomen and legs increased (p < 0.05) and rectal temperature tended to increase (p = 0.083) by adopting windproof facilities at 07:00; the windproof facilities tended to increase the skin temperature of the ears and abdomen (p = 0.081, p = 0.091) at 14:00. For the blood parameters, with windproof facilities, the concentrations of total protein (TP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased (p < 0.05) and glucose (GLU) concentration decreased (p < 0.05) at 07:00 on day 21; the concentrations of TG and cholesterol (CHO) increased and the concentrations of TP, BUN, and GLU decreased at 07:00 on day 42 (p < 0.05). The concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol (COR), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) decreased (p < 0.05) at 07:00 on day 21, and T4 concentration decreased (p < 0.05) at 07:00 on day 42. The concentrations of interleukin-4 (IL-4), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) increased (p < 0.01) and the concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) decreased (p < 0.01) on days 21 and 42. The activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased (p < 0.05), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased (p < 0.01) on day 21; the activities of T-SOD and catalase (CAT) increased (p < 0.05), and MDA concentration decreased (p < 0.01) on day 42. However, under the conditions of this experiment, water temperature did not affect the above indexes on days 21 and 42. These results indicated that adopting windproof facilities in a cold climate can mitigate the effects of atrocious weather on the production performance of donkeys.
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Perry F, Lahaye L, Santin E, Johnson C, Korver D, Kogut M, Arsenault R. Protected Biofactors and Antioxidants Reduce the Negative Consequences of Virus and Cold Challenge while Enhancing Performance by Modulating Immunometabolism through Cytoskeletal and Immune Signaling in the Jejunum. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102172. [PMID: 36240637 PMCID: PMC9573920 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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10
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Fu Y, Zhang S, Zhao N, Xing L, Li T, Liu X, Bao J, Li J. Effect of mild intermittent cold stimulation on thymus immune function in broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102073. [PMID: 36058173 PMCID: PMC9450148 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the effect of intermittent and mild cold stimulation (IMCS) on thymus function and the ability of 1-day-old male Ross 308 broilers to withstand cold. Four hundred broilers were reared under normal and mild cold temperatures at 3°C below the normal feeding temperature and were subjected to acute cold stress (ACS) at 10°C on d 50 at 7 am for 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. We determined the expression levels of toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokines and avian β-defencins (AvBDs), encoding genes in thymus of broilers at 22, 36, 43, and 50 d of age, and the serum ACTH and cortisol (CORT) levels at 50 d of age. At D22 and D36, the mRNA expression levels of TLRs and AvBDs genes in CS groups were generally significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The lowest expression levels were found in birds submitted to intermittent and mild cold stimulation training for 5 h (CS5 group) on d 22 and 36 of development (P < 0.05). At D43 and D49 after IMCS, mRNA expression levels of most TLRs and AvBDs were significantly lower than those in CC group (P < 0.05), and that mRNA expression levels of all TLRs and most AvBDs in CS5 group had the same change trend with age as those in CC group (P > 0.05). At D22 and D36, mRNA expression levels of different cytokines in each CS groups were different (P < 0.05). mRNA expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, and IFN-α all reached the highest values in the CS5 group at D36 (P < 0.05). The levels of ACTH and CORT in all IMCS-treated birds changed in varying degrees after ACS, but there was no significant change in CS5 group (P > 0.05). Collectively, different cold stimulation schemes could modulate thymus immune function of broilers by maintaining homeostasis and enhancing cold resistance. In particular, the optimal cold adaptation scheme was at 3°C below the conventional feeding temperature for 5 h.
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11
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Fathi M, Tanha T, Saeedyan S. Influence of dietary lycopene on growth performance, antioxidant status, blood parameters and mortality in broiler chicken with cold-induced ascites. Arch Anim Nutr 2022; 76:50-60. [PMID: 35255752 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2022.2046451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary lycopene supplementation on growth performance and antioxidant status of broiler chickens exposed to cold environment to induce ascites. Three hundred male chickens were exposed full-day to cold stress (CT, 10°C) starting from day 15 of age until the end of experiment at day 42, while a positive control group (NT, 100 birds) was kept under normal temperature (23-25°C). The CT groups (three treatments and five replicates of 20 birds) were as follows: negative control (basal diet, CT) and CT + 200 or 400 mg lycopene per kg diet from 15 to 42 d of age. Results showed that CT without lycopene supplementation caused a reduction of feed intake and weight gain and increased the feed conversion ratio. Supplementation of lycopene during CT restored the performance to levels of the positive control, lowered the index of right ventricles/total ventricles and ascites mortality. Birds reared under CT had lower serum activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and higher malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration than birds reared under the NT environment. With lycopene supplementation, serum MDA level significantly decreased and the activity of SOD and GPx increased. Blood concentration of haematocrit, haemoglobin and red blood cells were decreased by the highest lycopene supplementation to a level comparable to NT. Moreover, increasing dietary lycopene level suppressed serum concentrations of cholesterol and enhanced high-density lipoproteins levels in blood. In conclusion, lycopene supplementation alleviates adverse effects of cold stress on performance through modulating activity of antioxidant enzymes in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar Fathi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Timour Tanha
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Khan RU, Naz S, Ullah H, Ullah Q, Laudadio V, Qudratullah, Bozzo G, Tufarelli V. Physiological dynamics in broiler chickens under heat stress and possible mitigation strategies. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 34:438-447. [PMID: 34473603 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1972005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
High ambient temperature has emerged as a major constraint for the future development of the poultry industry, especially in the tropics and subtropics. The scarcity of resources coupled with harsh environmental conditions is the most crucial predicaments in the way to rationalize optimum production of broiler. Heat stress disturbs the physiological biochemistry of the broiler which ultimately reduces feed intake and feed efficiency which ultimately results in reduced performance and productivity. Under hot environmental conditions, feed utilization is disturbed by the deposition of fat and oxidative stress. In addition, changes in blood cells, acid-base balance, immune response, liver health, and antioxidant status are some of the major dynamics altered by heat stress. The broilers have a narrow range of temperatures to withstand heat stress. In this review, we have discussed the various physicochemical changes during heat stress, their possible mechanisms, and mitigation strategies to reduce heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Ullah
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Qudratullah
- Department of Surgery and Pet Centre, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Giancarlo Bozzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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13
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Ma L, Li C, Lian S, Xu B, Lv H, Liu Y, Lu J, Ji H, Li S, Guo J, Yang H. Procyanidin B2 alleviates liver injury caused by cold stimulation through Sonic hedgehog signalling and autophagy. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8015-8027. [PMID: 34155807 PMCID: PMC8358862 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Procyanidin B2 (PB2), a naturally occurring flavonoid abundant in a wide range of fruits, has been shown to exert antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anticancer properties. However, the role of PB2 in the prevention of cold stimulation (CS)‐induced liver injury. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of PB2 on liver injury induced by cold stimulation and its potential molecular mechanisms. The present study results showed that treatment with PB2 significantly reduced CS‐induced liver injury by alleviating histopathological changes and serum levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. Moreover, treatment with PB2 inhibited secretion of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in cold‐stimulated mice. PB2 reduced cold stimulation‐induced inflammation by inhibiting TLR4/NF‐κB and Txnip/NLRP3 signalling. Treatment with PB2 reduced oxidative stress by activating Nrf‐2/Keap1, AMPK/GSK3β signalling pathways and autophagy. Furthermore, simultaneous application of Shh pathway inhibitor cyclopamine proved that PB2 targets the Hh pathway. More importantly, co‐treatment with PB2 and cyclopamine showed better efficacy than monotherapy. In conclusion, our findings provide new evidence that PB2 has protective potential against CS‐induced liver injury, which might be closely linked to the inhibition of Shh signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Chengxu Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shuai Lian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hongming Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shize Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jingru Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Huanmin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Liu Y, Yang Y, Yao R, Hu Y, Liu P, Lian S, Lv H, Xu B, Li S. Dietary supplementary glutamine and L-carnitine enhanced the anti-cold stress of Arbor Acres broilers. Arch Anim Breed 2021; 64:231-243. [PMID: 34159254 PMCID: PMC8209504 DOI: 10.5194/aab-64-231-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborn poultry in cold regions often suffer from cold stress,
causing a series of changes in their physiology and metabolism, leading to
slow growth and decreased production performance. However, a single
anti-stress substance cannot completely or maximally eliminate or alleviate
the various effects of cold stress on animals. Therefore, the effects of the
supplemented glutamine and L-carnitine on broilers under low temperature
were evaluated in this study. Broilers were randomly allocated into 16
groups which were respectively fed with different levels of glutamine and
L-carnitine according to the L16 (45) orthogonal experimental
design for 3 weeks (the first week is the adaptive feeding period; the
second and third weeks are the cold exposure period). Growth performance
was recorded, and blood samples were collected during cold exposure. The
results showed the supplementation had altered the plasma parameters, growth
performance and cold-induced oxidative stress. The increase of
corticosterone and suppression of thyroid hormone was ameliorated.
Supplemented groups had lower daily feed intake and feed-to-gain ratio, higher
daily weight gain and better relative weights of immune organs. Plasma
glucose, total protein, blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase
changed as well. Oxidative stress was mollified due to the improved
activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, heightened
total antioxidant capacity and stable malondialdehyde. Dietary glutamine and
L-carnitine improve the growth performance, nutritional status and cold
stress response of broilers at low temperature, and their interaction
occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Yuying Yang
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Ruizhi Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, PR China
| | - Yajie Hu
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Shuai Lian
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Hongming Lv
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Shize Li
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
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15
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Abo-Al-Ela HG, El-Kassas S, El-Naggar K, Abdo SE, Jahejo AR, Al Wakeel RA. Stress and immunity in poultry: light management and nanotechnology as effective immune enhancers to fight stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:457-472. [PMID: 33847921 PMCID: PMC8065079 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry plays a significant role in boosting the economy of several countries, particularly developing countries, and acts as a good, cheap, and affordable source of animal protein. A stress-free environment is the main target in poultry production. There are several stressors, such as cold stress, heat stress, high stocking density, and diseases that can affect birds and cause several deleterious changes. Stress reduces feed intake and growth, as well as impairs immune response and function, resulting in high disease susceptibility. These effects are correlated with higher corticosteroid levels that modulate several immune pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and Toll-like receptor signaling along with induction of excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thus oxidative stress. Several approaches have been considered to boost bird immunity to overcome stress-associated effects. Of these, dietary supplementation of certain nutrients and management modifications, such as light management, are commonly considered. Dietary supplementations improve bird immunity by improving the development of lymphoid tissues and triggering beneficial immune modulators and responses. Since nano-minerals have higher bioavailability compared to inorganic or organic forms, they are highly recommended to be included in the bird's diet during stress. Additionally, light management is considered a cheap and safe approach to control stress. Changing light from continuous to intermittent and using monochromatic light instead of the normal light improve bird performance and health. Such changes in light management are associated with a reduction of ROS production and increased antioxidant production. In this review, we discuss the impact of stress on the immune system of birds and the transcriptome of oxidative stress and immune-related genes, in addition, how nano-minerals supplementations and light system modulate or mitigate stress-associated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela
- Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt.
| | - Seham El-Kassas
- Animal, Poultry and Fish Breeding and Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Karima El-Naggar
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Safaa E Abdo
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ali Raza Jahejo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Rasha A Al Wakeel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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16
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Li S, Li J, Liu Y, Li C, Zhang R, Bao J. Effects of Intermittent Mild Cold Stimulation on mRNA Expression of Immunoglobulins, Cytokines, and Toll-Like Receptors in the Small Intestine of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091492. [PMID: 32846975 PMCID: PMC7552237 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cold stress has been associated with adverse effects on health and welfare of broilers. Whilst several studies have shown that long-term sustained and mild cold stimulation can improve immune function, little is known of the effects of intermittent cold stimulation on immune modulation in broilers. In this study, broilers were submitted to cold stimulation of 3 °C below than the usual rearing temperature during 3 and 6 h every two days during 43 days to explore its effect on the intestinal immunity. The findings confirm that appropriate mild cold stimulation has an overall positive influence on the intestinal immunity of broilers. The mild cold stimulation tested in this study is cost-effective and likely enhances overall health of broilers. Abstract Appropriate cold stimulation can improve immune function and stress tolerance in broilers. In order to investigate the effect of intermittent mild cold stimulation on the intestinal immunity of broilers, 240 healthy one-day-old Ross 308 chickens were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (CC) housed in climatic chambers under usual rearing ambient temperature with a gradual 3.5 °C decrease per week; group II (C3) and group III (C6) to which cold stimulation at 3 °C below the temperature used in CC was applied every two days for 3 and 6 h, respectively, from day 15 to 35, and at the same temperature used in CC from day 35 to 43. The mRNA expression levels of immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG), cytokines (IL2, IL6, IL8, IL17, and IFNγ), and Toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR21) were investigated in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum tissue samples on days 22, 29, 35, and 43. From day 15 to 35, mRNA expression of IL2 and IFNγ was increased in the intestine of broilers. After one week of cold stimulation on day 43, mRNA levels of immunoglobulins, cytokines, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) stabilized. Collectively, the findings indicate that cold stimulation at 3 °C below the usual rearing temperature had a positive impact on intestinal immunity of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Yanhong Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Chun Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.L.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Runxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (J.B.)
| | - Jun Bao
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (J.B.)
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17
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Ding X, Yang C, Wang P, Yang Z, Ren X. Effects of star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f) and its extractions on carcass traits, relative organ weight, intestinal development, and meat quality of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5673-5680. [PMID: 33142485 PMCID: PMC7647708 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f) has been used as spice and herbal medicine for many years with lacking researches on evaluating its application for improving relative organ weight, intestinal development, and quality of animal products. The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of star anise, its essential oil and leavings on carcass traits, relative organ weight, intestinal development, and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 384 broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 8 replicates of 12 birds each. The 4 dietary treatments were basal diet (Control), basal diet supplemented with 5 g/kg star anise (Star anise), basal diet supplemented with 0.22 g/kg essential oil (Essential oil), and basal diet supplemented with 5 g/kg leavings (Leavings). The concentration of main active components in the experimental diets was 0.204 g trans-anethole/kg of diet. All birds were fed a starter diet (0-21 d) and a grower diet (22-42 d). Birds supplemented with star anise and essential oil had a greater (P < 0.05) final body weight (BW) than control birds and those supplemented with leavings. However, the carcass yield, half chamber rate, eviscerated rate, and percentages of breast muscle and thigh muscle in birds were similar (P > 0.05) among all treatments. Birds supplemented with star anise and essential oil had higher (P = 0.010) relative weight of thymus than those in control and leavings groups. Essential oil supplemented groups appeared to contain the highest (P < 0.05) villus height in ileum and villus height/crypt depth ratio in ileum and jejunum among all the groups. Meanwhile, among all the groups, breast muscles of essential oil-supplemented groups appeared to contain the lowest (P = 0.012) boiling loss but highest (P < 0.001) concentration of inosinic acid (inosine 5'-monophosphate, IMP). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 5 g/kg star anise and 0.22 g/kg essential oil improved BW, relative organ weight, and intestinal development, and 0.22 g/kg essential oil can also increase the concentration of IMP but decrease the boiling loss in breast muscles of broilers; however, 5 g/kg leavings had no effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ding
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Chongwu Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Panpan Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zaibin Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaojie Ren
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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18
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Liu Y, Xue G, Li S, Fu Y, Yin J, Zhang R, Li J. Effect of Intermittent and Mild Cold Stimulation on the Immune Function of Bursa in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081275. [PMID: 32722590 PMCID: PMC7459812 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress causes growth performance to decrease and increases production costs. Cold adaptation can enhance immune function and alleviate the negative impact caused by the stress condition. The study investigated the effect of intermittent and mild cold stimulation on the immune function of the bursa of Fabricius in broilers. A total of 400 healthy one-day-old broilers were divided into the control group (CC) and cold stimulation (CS) groups. The CC group was raised at a conventional raising temperature of broilers, while the CS groups were raised at 3°C below the temperature of the CC for three-, four-, five-, or six-hour periods at one-day intervals from 15 to 35 days of age (D35), denoted CS3, CS4, CS5, and CS6, respectively. Subsequently, they were raised at 20°C from 36 to 49 days of age (D49). The expression levels of TLRs, cytokines, and AvBDs were determined to access the immune function of bursa in broilers. After 21-day IMCS (at D36), the expression levels of TLR1, TLR15 and TLR21, interleukin (IL)-8, and interferon (IFN)-γ, as well as AvBD8 in CS groups, were lower than those in CC (p < 0.05). The expression levels of TLR3, TLR4 and TLR7, were decreased in the CS3, CS5, and CS6 groups (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in both the CC and CS4 groups (p > 0.05). When the IMCS ended for 14 days (at D49), the expression levels of TLR2, TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, TLR15, and TLR21, and IL-8, as well as AvBD2, AvBD4 and AvBD7 in CS groups, were lower than those in CC (p < 0.05). In addition to CS4, the expression levels of TLR1, IFN-γ, and AvBD8 in CS3, CS5, and CS6 were still lower than those in CC (p < 0.05). We concluded that the intermittent and mild cold stimulation could regulate immunoreaction by modulating the production of TLRs, cytokines, and AvBDs in the bursa, which could help broilers adapt to low ambient temperature and maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.L.); (G.X.); (S.L.); (Y.F.); (J.Y.)
| | - Ge Xue
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.L.); (G.X.); (S.L.); (Y.F.); (J.Y.)
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.L.); (G.X.); (S.L.); (Y.F.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yajie Fu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.L.); (G.X.); (S.L.); (Y.F.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jingwen Yin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.L.); (G.X.); (S.L.); (Y.F.); (J.Y.)
| | - Runxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.L.); (G.X.); (S.L.); (Y.F.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (J.L.)
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19
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Su Y, Li S, Xin H, Li J, Li X, Zhang R, Li J, Bao J. Proper cold stimulation starting at an earlier age can enhance immunity and improve adaptability to cold stress in broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:129-141. [PMID: 32416794 PMCID: PMC7587771 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of long-term cold stimulation on the immune function of ileum and adaptability to cold stress in broilers were examined. A total of 360 Arbor Acres broilers was divided into 3 groups and four replicates per group. C (control) was reared in normal thermal environment. C-3 and C-12 (treatments) were kept in cold condition of 3 or 12°C lower than the temperature of C from days 8 to 42. At day 42, all the groups were exposed to an acute cold stress challenge, designated as S, S-3, and S-12. The mRNA levels of immune molecules and heat shock proteins as well as oxidative stress-related indicators in ileum tissues, and immunoglobulins contents in serum were examined at 14, 42, and 43 d of age. The C-3 regimen had no adverse effect on production performance, whereas the C-12 regimen reduced the production performance relative to C (P < 0.05). At day 42, C-3 had higher levels of immune indexes (P < 0.05), whereas C-12 had lower levels than C (P < 0.05). No differences in levels of oxidative stress-related indicators were found between C and C-3 at day 42 (P > 0.05). S-3 had higher levels of immune indexes and lower levels of oxidative stress-related indicators (P < 0.05), as compared to S and S-12. The results suggest that 34 d of cold stimulation at 3°C lower than the normal temperature had no adverse impacts on production performance but enhanced the immunity of ileum and adaptability to acute cold challenge in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongwei Xin
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Jiafang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Runxiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China.
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20
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21
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Wei H, Zhang R, Su Y, Bi Y, Li X, Zhang X, Li J, Bao J. Effects of Acute Cold Stress After Long-Term Cold Stimulation on Antioxidant Status, Heat Shock Proteins, Inflammation and Immune Cytokines in Broiler Heart. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1589. [PMID: 30483152 PMCID: PMC6243113 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of acute cold stress (ACS) on chicken heart after cold stimulation, female broilers were raised in either normal (C) or gradually decreasing temperatures (CS I and CS II) for 34 days followed by a 24 h ACS at 7°C. Cardiac tissues were collected from the pre-ACS and ACS time points to analyze the histopathological changes, antioxidant status and the expression of heat shock proteins, inflammatory factors and immune-related cytokines. The CS II heart tissues showed shrunken cell membranes and nuclei, disordered or ruptured myocardial fibers, higher MDA content and upregulation in HSP27, HSP40, HSP70, NF-κB, COX-2, PTGEs, iNOS, TNF-α and IL-4 mRNAs, and in protein levels of HSP40, NF-κB and iNOS and reduction in CAT, GSH-px and SOD activity, as well as HSP90 and IFN-γ levels compared to the control tissues before ACS. In contrast, the HSPs were significantly increased, and the inflammatory and immune related factors were unaltered prior to the ACS in the CS I compared to the C group. Following ACS, MDA content was significantly increased and antioxidant activity was significantly decreased in the CS I and CS II groups compared to the C group. The levels of HSP27, HSP70, HSP90, inflammatory factors and IL-4 were significantly reduced and that of IFN-γ was significantly increased in CS I broiler hearts; the reverse trends were seen in CS II relative to CS I. Compared to the pre-ACS levels, that of HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, inflammatory factors and IL-4 were increased and IFN-γ was decreased in the C and CS II groups after ACS. Therefore, cold stimulation at drastically lower temperatures induced cardiac damage, which was further aggravated by ACS. In contrast, cold stimulation at only 3°C lower than normal temperature improved the adaptability of the broilers to ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Runxiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingying Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanju Bi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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22
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Su Y, Wei H, Bi Y, Wang Y, Zhao P, Zhang R, Li X, Li J, Bao J. Pre‐cold acclimation improves the immune function of trachea and resistance to cold stress in broilers. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7198-7212. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Welfare, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Haidong Wei
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Welfare, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Yanju Bi
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Welfare, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Welfare, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Welfare, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Runxiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Welfare, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Xiang Li
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Welfare, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Laboratory of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
| | - Jun Bao
- Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Welfare, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin China
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23
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Kankova Z, Zeman M, Ledecka D, Okuliarova M. Variable effects of elevated egg yolk testosterone on different arms of the immune system in young quail. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 256:30-36. [PMID: 28736225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kankova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Daniela Ledecka
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Okuliarova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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24
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Hernández-Arciga U, Herrera M. LG, Ibáñez-Contreras A, Miranda-Labra RU, Flores-Martínez JJ, Königsberg M. Baseline and post-stress seasonal changes in immunocompetence and redox state maintenance in the fishing bat Myotis vivesi. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190047. [PMID: 29293551 PMCID: PMC5749750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known of how the stress response varies when animals confront seasonal life-history processes. Antioxidant defenses and damage caused by oxidative stress and their link with immunocompetence are powerful biomarkers to assess animal´s physiological stress response. The aim of this study was A) to determine redox state and variation in basal (pre-acute stress) immune function during summer, autumn and winter (spring was not assessed due to restrictions in collecting permit) in the fish-eating Myotis (Myotis vivesi; Chiroptera), and B) to determine the effect of acute stress on immunocompetence and redox state during each season. Acute stress was stimulated by restricting animal movement for 6 and 12 h. The magnitude of the cellular immune response was higher during winter whilst that of the humoral response was at its highest during summer. Humoral response increased after 6 h of movement restriction stress and returned to baseline levels after 12 h. Basal redox state was maintained throughout the year, with no significant changes in protein damage, and antioxidant activity was modulated mainly in relation to variation to environment cues, increasing during high temperatures and decreasing during windy nights. Antioxidant activity increased after the 6 h of stressful stimuli especially during summer and autumn, and to a lesser extent in early winter, but redox state did not vary. However, protein damage increased after 12 h of stress during summer. Prolonged stress when the bat is engaged in activities of high energy demand overcame its capacity to maintain homeostasis resulting in oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulalume Hernández-Arciga
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad Iztapalapa, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L. Gerardo Herrera M.
- Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Patricio, Jalisco, México
| | - Alejandra Ibáñez-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Applied Research in Experimental Biomedicine S.A. de C.V. (APREXBIO), Ciudad de México, México
- Unidad de Experimentación Animal, Biología Integral para Vertebrados (BIOINVERT®), Estado de México, México
| | - Roxana U. Miranda-Labra
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad Iztapalapa, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Juan Flores-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mina Königsberg
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad Iztapalapa, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, México
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Li J, Huang F, Li X, Su Y, Li H, Bao J. Effects of intermittent cold stimulation on antioxidant capacity and mRNA expression in broilers. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Nemati MH, Shahir MH, Harakinezhad MT, Lotfalhian H. Cold-Induced Ascites in Broilers: Effects of Vitamin C and Coenzyme Q10. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Tsiouris V, Georgopoulou I, Batzios C, Pappaioannou N, Ducatelle R, Fortomaris P. The effect of cold stress on the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks. Avian Pathol 2015; 44:430-5. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1083094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Chronic Mild Cold Conditioning Modulates the Expression of Hypothalamic Neuropeptide and Intermediary Metabolic-Related Genes and Improves Growth Performances in Young Chicks. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142319. [PMID: 26569484 PMCID: PMC4646505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low environmental temperatures are among the most challenging stressors in poultry industries. Although landmark studies using acute severe cold exposure have been conducted, still the molecular mechanisms underlying cold-stress responses in birds are not completely defined. In the present study we determine the effect of chronic mild cold conditioning (CMCC) on growth performances and on the expression of key metabolic-related genes in three metabolically important tissues: brain (main site for feed intake control), liver (main site for lipogenesis) and muscle (main site for thermogenesis). METHODS 80 one-day old male broiler chicks were divided into two weight-matched groups and maintained in two different temperature floor pen rooms (40 birds/room). The temperature of control room was 32°C, while the cold room temperature started at 26.7°C and gradually reduced every day (1°C/day) to reach 19.7°C at the seventh day of the experiment. At day 7, growth performances were recorded (from all birds) and blood samples and tissues were collected (n = 10). The rest of birds were maintained at the same standard environmental condition for two more weeks and growth performances were measured. RESULTS Although feed intake remained unchanged, body weight gain was significantly increased in CMCC compared to the control chicks resulting in a significant low feed conversion ratio (FCR). Circulating cholesterol and creatine kinase levels were higher in CMCC chicks compared to the control group (P<0.05). CMCC significantly decreased the expression of both the hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and anorexigenic cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) in chick brain which may explain the similar feed intake between the two groups. Compared to the control condition, CMCC increased the mRNA abundance of AMPKα1/α2 and decreased mTOR gene expression (P<0.05), the master energy and nutrient sensors, respectively. It also significantly decreased the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene in chick brain compared to the control. Although their roles are still unknown in avian species, adiponectin (Adpn) and its related receptors (AdipoR1 and 2) were down regulated in the brain of CMCC compared to control chicks (P<0.05). In the liver, CMCC significantly down regulated the expression of lipogenic genes namely FAS, acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACCα) and malic enzyme (ME) and their related transcription factors sterol regulatory element binding protein 1/2 (SREBP-1 and 2). Hepatic mTOR mRNA levels and phosphorylated mTOR at Ser2448 were down regulated (P<0.05), however phosphorylated ACCαSer79 (inactivation) was up regulated (P<0.05) in CMCC compared to control chicks, indicating that CMCC switch hepatic catabolism on and inhibits hepatic lipogenesis. In the muscle however, CMCC significantly up regulated the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) gene and the mRNA and phosphorylated protein levels of mTOR compared to the control chicks, indicating that CMCC enhanced muscle fatty acid β-oxidation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this is the first report indicating that CMCC may regulate AMPK-mTOR expression in a tissue specific manner and identifying AMPK-mTOR as a potential molecular signature that controls cellular fatty acid utilization (inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis and induction of muscle fatty acid β-oxidation) to enhance growth performance during mild cold acclimation.
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Chen X, Li R, Geng Z. Cold stress initiates the Nrf2/UGT1A1/L-FABP signaling pathway in chickens. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2597-603. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Torki M, Akbari M, Kaviani K. Single and combined effects of zinc and cinnamon essential oil in diet on productive performance, egg quality traits, and blood parameters of laying hens reared under cold stress condition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2015; 59:1169-1177. [PMID: 25376631 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding zinc (Zn), cinnamon essential oil (Ci), or their combination in diet on productive performance, egg quality, and blood parameters of laying hens reared under cold stress condition (8.8 ± 3 °C). Feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg weight (EW), egg production (EP), and egg mass (EM) were evaluated during the 56-day trial period using 120 Lohmann LSL-Lite laying hens. Significant interactions between Ci and Zn on FCR, EW, EP, or EM were observed (P < 0.05). The EP, EM, and EW increased, whereas FCR decreased (P < 0.05) in the hens fed the diets including Ci and Zn (as single or combined form) compared to those fed the basal diet. There were significant interactions between Ci and Zn on the serum level of glucose and triglycerides as well as plasma concentration of zinc (P < 0.05), so that serum content of glucose and triglyceride decreased and the plasma content of zinc increased in the hens fed the diets including Ci and Zn (together) compared to those fed the basal diet. From the results of the present experiment, it can be concluded that diet supplementation by the combined form of Ci and Zn could have beneficial effects on performance and blood parameters of hens reared under cold stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Torki
- Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Imam Avenue, Kermanshah, 6715685418, Iran,
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31
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Effect of prenatal temperature conditioning of laying hen embryos: Hatching, live performance and response to heat and cold stress during laying period. J Therm Biol 2015; 51:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Majhi RK, Sahoo SS, Yadav M, Pratheek BM, Chattopadhyay S, Goswami C. Functional expression of TRPV channels in T cells and their implications in immune regulation. FEBS J 2015; 282:2661-81. [PMID: 25903376 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The importance of Ca(2+) signalling and temperature in the context of T cell activation is well known. However, the molecular identities of key players involved in such critical regulations are still unknown. In this work we explored the endogenous expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels, a group of thermosensitive and non-selective cation channels, in T cells. Using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that members belonging to the TRPV subfamily are expressed endogenously in the human T cell line Jurkat, in primary human T cells and in primary murine splenic T cells. We also demonstrate that TRPV1- and TRPV4-specific agonists, namely resiniferatoxin and 4α-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, can cause Ca(2+) influx in T cells. Moreover, our results show that expression of these channels can be upregulated in T cells during concanavalin A-driven mitogenic and anti-CD3/CD28 stimulated TCR activation of T cells. By specific blocking of TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels, we found that these TRPV inhibitors may regulate mitogenic and T cell receptor mediated T cell activation and effector cytokine(s) production by suppressing tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-2 and interferon-γ release. These results may have broad implications in the context of cell-mediated immunity, especially T cell responses and their regulations, neuro-immune interactions and molecular understanding of channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Majhi
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Subhransu S Sahoo
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Manoj Yadav
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Belluru M Pratheek
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Chandan Goswami
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
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Zylberberg M. Common measures of immune function vary with time of day and sampling protocol in five passerine species. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:757-66. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Ecological immunology is a rapidly growing field of study that focuses on understanding variation in immune systems across species and how this relates to species ecology and evolution. Newly developed field methods aimed at studying variation in immune function in a field setting have yielded many insights. Nonetheless, there continues to be much debate regarding the interpretation of field measures of immune function. There is substantial evidence to suggest that handling stress could introduce variation into measures of immune function, yet no study has examined the impacts of incremental changes in handling times under 30 min on immune measures. Nor has any study examined variation in immune function with time of day, though other physiological measures, including glucocorticoids known to impact immune function, vary with time of day. Here, I used observational field data to test the hypothesis that innate immune function varies with handling stress. Furthermore, I tested the hypothesis that innate immune function changes over the course of the day. I show that measures of innate immune function vary with (1) handling stress over short time periods typical of sample collection in the field, and (2) the time of day that an individual is sampled. I discuss these findings from an ecological perspective and suggest that the observed variation is not random, but is likely to have important adaptive functions. I end with a summary of the practical implications of these findings for field studies of ecological immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine Zylberberg
- University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St, San Francisco, CA 94158-2330, USA
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Spackman E, Pantin-Jackwood MJ. Practical aspects of vaccination of poultry against avian influenza virus. Vet J 2014; 202:408-15. [PMID: 25296849 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although little has changed in vaccine technology for avian influenza virus (AIV) in the past 20 years, the approach to vaccination of poultry (chickens, turkeys and ducks) for avian influenza has evolved as highly pathogenic AIV has become endemic in several regions of the world. Vaccination for low pathogenicity AIV is also becoming routine in regions where there is a high level of field challenge. In contrast, some countries will not use vaccination at all and some will only use it on an emergency basis during eradication efforts (i.e. stamping-out). There are pros and cons to each approach and, since every outbreak situation is different, no one method will work equally well in all situations. Numerous practical aspects must be considered when developing an AIV control program with vaccination as a component, such as: (1) the goals of vaccination must be defined; (2) the population to be vaccinated must be clearly identified; (3) there must be a plan to obtain and administer good quality vaccine in a timely manner and to achieve adequate coverage with the available resources; (4) risk factors for vaccine failure should be mitigated as much as possible; and, most importantly, (5) biosecurity must be maintained as much as possible, if not enhanced, during the vaccination period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Spackman
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), 934 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA.
| | - Mary J Pantin-Jackwood
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), 934 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA
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35
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Zhao FQ, Zhang ZW, Qu JP, Yao HD, Li M, Li S, Xu SW. Cold stress induces antioxidants and Hsps in chicken immune organs. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:635-48. [PMID: 24390730 PMCID: PMC4147078 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cold stress on oxidative indexes, immune function, and the expression levels of heat shock protein (Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, Hsp40, and Hsp27) in immune organs of chickens. Two hundred forty 15-day-old male chickens were randomly divided into 12 groups and kept under the temperature of (12 ± 1) °C for acute and chronic cold stress. There were one control group and five treatment groups for acute cold stress and three control groups and three treatment groups for chronic cold stress. The results showed that cold stress influence the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the immune organs. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px were first increased then decreased, and activity of total antioxidation capacity (T-AOC) was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) at the acute cold stress in chicks; however, T-AOC activities were significantly increased (P < 0.05) at the chronic cold stress in these tissues. Cold stress induced higher level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in chicken immune organs. In addition, the cytokine contents were increased in cold stress groups. As one protective factor, the expression levels of Hsps were increased significantly (P < 0.05) in both cold stress groups. These results suggested that cold stress induced the oxidative stress in the three tissues and influenced immune function of chicks. Higher expression of Hsps (Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, Hsp40, and Hsp27) may play a role in protecting immune organs against cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Qing Zhao
- />Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi Wei Zhang
- />Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Ping Qu
- />Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Dong Yao
- />Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- />Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- />Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
- />College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi Wen Xu
- />Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
- />College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
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36
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Identification of differentially expressed genes in hypothalamus of chicken during cold stress. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:2243-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Characterization of primary immune response in Ghanaian local, Sasso T-44 and broiler chickens to sheep red blood cell antigens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/s2078633613000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Zhao FQ, Zhang ZW, Yao HD, Wang LL, Liu T, Yu XY, Li S, Xu SW. Effects of cold stress on mRNA expression of immunoglobulin and cytokine in the small intestine of broilers. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:146-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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39
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Shahir MH, Dilmagani S, Tzschentke B. Early-age cold conditioning of broilers: effects of timing and temperature. Br Poult Sci 2013; 53:538-44. [PMID: 23130589 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.719604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of early-age cold conditioning (CC) on performance, ascites mortality, thyroid hormones status and immune response (leucocytes count) of broiler chickens. 2. A total of 336 chicks at 2 and 3 d of age were exposed to 20 or 25°C (for 3 or 6 h) in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment, while a control group was kept under normal temperature conditions (30°C). Thereafter, both control and cold conditioned birds were reared under standard conditions until 42 d of age. 3. The results showed that performance (weight gain and feed efficiency) was improved by CC at the end of the rearing period. Carcase traits (breast, thigh and abdominal fat percentage) were not affected by different treatments. Heart weight was lower in cold conditioned birds accompanied with lower ascites mortality. Total leucocyte count was higher in CC birds. Higher concentrations of thyroxin (T(4)) were found in plasma of treated groups, while triiodothyronine (T(3)) to T(4) ratio was decreased. 4. In conclusion, it seems that early age CC improves performance and reduces ascites mortality of broilers through altered thyroid hormones metabolism and leucocyte function. According to the results, the best timing for CC of broilers was 20°C for 6 h at the age of 2 d, and no significant benefit was observed by repeated CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Shahir
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
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40
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Akhlaghi A, Zamiri M, Jafari Ahangari Y, Atashi H, Pirsaraei ZA, Deldar H, Eghbalian A, Akhlaghi A, Navidshad B, Yussefi Kelarikolaei K, Hashemi S. Oral exposure of broiler breeder hens to extra thyroxine modulates early adaptive immune responses in progeny chicks. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1040-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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41
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King MO, Swanson DL. Activation of the immune system incurs energetic costs but has no effect on the thermogenic performance of house sparrows during acute cold challenge. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:2097-102. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.079574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Trade-offs between the immune system and other condition dependent life-history traits (reproduction, predator avoidance, and somatic growth) have been well documented in both birds and mammals. However, no studies have examined the impact of immune activation on thermoregulatory performance during acute cold exposure. Because of their high surface-area-to-volume ratios, small birds incur high energetic costs associated with thermoregulation during cold exposure. Consequently, we predicted that the immune system and the thermoregulatory system would compete for energetic resources. To test this, we immunologically challenged adult house sparrows (Passer domesticus) with 5 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an acute phase response (APR) and measured both resting (RMR = minimum metabolic rate) and summit (Msum = maximal metabolic rate during cold exposure) metabolic rates. We found that birds injected with LPS had significantly higher RMR and Msum than birds injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), indicating that LPS-treated birds were able to support both the cost of immune activation and that of thermoregulation under conditions eliciting maximal thermogenic performance. These results suggest that, in the absence of a pathogen, birds that experience short-term activation of the immune system have higher energetic costs during cold exposure, but immune activation does not compromise maximum thermoregulatory performance.
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Akhlaghi A, Zamiri MJ, Ahangari YJ, Mollasalehi MR, Shojaie H, Atashi H, Navidshad B, Akhlaghi AA, Dadpasand M. Growth performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens produced from hyperthyroid breeder hens. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/an12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An association between induced maternal hyperthyroidism and a decreased incidence of cold-induced ascites in broiler chickens has been reported recently. There are also reports suggesting that thyroid hormones have an effect on intestine, a high oxygen-demanding organ. The present study aimed to determine whether the ascites-attenuating effect of maternal hyperthyroidism is associated with morphological changes in intestine and with probable adverse effects on growth performance in progeny chicks. Eighty-eight broiler breeder hens were allotted to control or hyperthyroid [HYPER; thyroxine-treated] groups, and artificially inseminated. Hatching eggs (n = 924) were incubated and day-old male chicks (n = 288) were reared for 42 days under standard or low ambient temperature. Plasma thyroxine was higher in the HYPER hens and their embryos at internal pipping. Maternal hyperthyroidism did not adversely affect the feed : gain ratio and carcass weight, whereas cold stress impaired them. A higher relative weight was found at 42 days of age for all intestinal regions at low ambient temperature. The duodenal and jejunal crypt depths (CD) were lower in HYPER group at 7 days of age. Cold exposure decreased the duodenal and jejunal villus height and CD, and increased the ileal goblet cell number at 21 days. On Day 42, higher values were recorded for CD, goblet cell number, and epithelial thickness of different intestinal regions in cold-exposed birds. In conclusion, growth performance was not adversely influenced by maternal hyperthyroidism and its minimal early effect on intestinal morphology does not appear to be the underlying mechanism for decreased incidence of ascites in broilers.
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Effect of mild heat stress and mild infection pressure on immune responses to an E. coli infection in chickens. Animal 2012; 2:265-74. [PMID: 22445020 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731107001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Outdoor or organic farming demands robust chickens that are able to combat common infections before they spread to the flock. Priming the immune system of the chickens early in life with micro-organisms that they will encounter later in life prepares chickens to a life in environments where they are subjected to a more natural level of infection pressure. Also, exposure to non-infectious stressful situations may prepare the immune system to combat infectious challenges. The present study investigated whether the immune system could be primed by applying small doses of infective material to the chicken flock or by exposure to short-term non-infectious stimulation, and whether the effect of those stimuli would depend on the genetic material chosen. The effect of the stimulations was examined on selected immunological variables in two chicken strains, using small amounts of manure and litter from other chickens or short-term heat stress, respectively. After 6 weeks of treatment, all chickens were subjected to an Escherichia coli infection and followed for another 3 weeks. Measures of body weight gain, chicken mannan-binding lectin (cMBL), percentage of CD4+ and MHCII+ lymphocytes, mean fluorescence intensity (m.f.i.) of CD4 on CD4+ cells and MHCII on MHCII+ cells and antibody titres to E. coli were taken. In conclusion, the chickens redistribute lymphocyte populations in peripheral blood in response to potentially infectious agents as well as to stressful non-infectious treatments. Responses to stress situations were dependent on the frequencies of stress exposures and on the chicken breed. This may reflect the superiority of one breed over another in adapting to treatments or in discriminating whether a treatment is harmless or dangerous. However, the differences did not influence the disease resistance to infection with a mixture of E. coli O2, O11 and O78 in the present study.
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Hawley DM, DuRant SE, Wilson AF, Adelman JS, Hopkins WA. Additive metabolic costs of thermoregulation and pathogen infection. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Tirawattanawanich C, Chantakru S, Nimitsantiwong W, Tongyai S. The effects of tropical environmental conditions on the stress and immune responses of commercial broilers, Thai indigenous chickens, and crossbred chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2011. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2010-00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Shini S, Shini A, Kaiser P. Cytokine and chemokine gene expression profiles in heterophils from chickens treated with corticosterone. Stress 2010; 13:185-94. [PMID: 19958164 DOI: 10.3109/10253890903144639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In chickens, corticosterone is the end-product of stress. However, the nature of the immune response to elevated plasma corticosterone concentrations at the molecular level has not yet been characterised. We recently demonstrated that exposure to corticosterone in drinking water for 1 week significantly upregulates mRNA expression levels for the pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-18 and the pro-inflammatory chemokine CCLi2 in chicken lymphocytes, particularly 3 h after the treatment started. In the present study, we investigated cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression levels in circulating heterophils of chickens, and show that at 3 h post initial treatment with corticosterone in drinking water (20 mg/1L) the mRNA expression levels for IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12alpha and IL-18 are upregulated. The mRNA expression levels for IL-6, IL-10 and IL-18 correlate with plasma corticosterone concentration and total heterophil counts. Corticosterone downregulated the expression levels of all pro-inflammatory cytokines at 24 h and 1 week post-treatments. Repeated treatment with corticosterone upregulated mRNA expression levels of transforming growth factor-beta4 and the chemokine CCL16. These data indicate that cytokine and chemokine gene expression signatures in chicken heterophils can be altered during stress and therefore could be used as an indicator of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaniko Shini
- School of Veterinary Science & School of Animal Studies, University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia.
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Acevedo-Whitehouse K, Duffus ALJ. Effects of environmental change on wildlife health. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2010; 364:3429-38. [PMID: 19833653 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental change has negatively affected most biological systems on our planet and is becoming of increasing concern for the well-being and survival of many species. At an organism level, effects encompass not only endocrine disruptions, sex-ratio changes and decreased reproductive parameters, but also include teratogenic and genotoxic effects, immunosuppression and other immune-system impairments that can lead directly to disease or increase the risk of acquiring disease. Living organisms will strive to maintain health by recognizing and resolving abnormal situations, such as the presence of invading microorganisms or harmful peptides, abnormal cell replication and deleterious mutations. However, fast-paced environmental changes may pose additional pressure on immunocompetence and health maintenance, which may seriously impact population viability and persistence. Here, we outline the importance of a functional immune system for survival and examine the effects that exposure to a rapidly changing environment might exert on immunocompetence. We then address the various levels at which anthropogenic environmental change might affect wildlife health and identify potential deficits in reproductive parameters that might arise owing to new immune challenges in the context of a rapidly changing environment. Throughout the paper, a series of examples and case studies are used to illustrate the impact of environmental change on wildlife health.
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Zysling DA, Garst AD, Demas GE. Photoperiod and food restriction differentially affect reproductive and immune responses in Siberian hamstersPhodopus sungorus. Funct Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Martin LB. Stress and immunity in wild vertebrates: timing is everything. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 163:70-6. [PMID: 19318107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Stress has profound effects on vertebrate immunity, but most studies have considered stress-immune interactions in terms of wild animals enduring demanding, but predictable activities (e.g., immune alterations during breeding). A growing biomedical literature, however, indicates that stress may not be obligatorily immunosuppressive; in response to transient, unpredictable stressors, immune activity can be enhanced, especially in body areas requiring immune protection. Also, immune sensitivity to stressors is not fixed throughout life; oftentimes, glucocorticoid (GC) insensitivity can be induced. Further GC sensitivity can be programmed early in life; greater exposure to stressors prior to maturity heightens GC effects on immunity in adulthood. In the present paper, I review the cellular and molecular mechanisms that link stress responses to immune adjustments over short time scales in domesticated species then I attempt to place stress-immune interactions in a naturalistic, organismal context. When, how and why stressors affect immunity in wild animals remains practically unstudied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn B Martin
- University of South Florida, Department of Integrative Biology, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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Ijiri D, Kanai Y, Hirabayashi M. Possible roles of myostatin and PGC-1alpha in the increase of skeletal muscle and transformation of fiber type in cold-exposed chicks: expression of myostatin and PGC-1alpha in chicks exposed to cold. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2009; 37:12-22. [PMID: 19427158 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the hypothesis that myostatin and PGC-1alpha are involved in the increase in skeletal muscle mass and transformation of fiber type in cold-exposed chicks. One-week-old chicks were exposed to acute (24h) or long-term (8d) cold at 4 degrees C or kept warm at 30 degrees C. Acute cold exposure induced a significant increase in the skeletal muscle weight and the ratio of slow- to fast-fiber specific troponin I expression (sTnI/fTnI), accompanied by a significant decrease in lactate dehydrogenase activity. Expression of myostatin mRNA in the muscle was significantly lower in cold-exposed chicks than in the controls, whereas PGC-1alpha mRNA expression was significantly enhanced. These changes in the gene expression rapidly returned to the levels of the control chicks after the end of cold exposure, whereas the changes in fiber type and enzymatic activity were not resumed within 24h after removal of cold exposure. On the other hand, long-term exposure to cold resulted in a remarkable increase in skeletal muscle weight, accompanied by a significant increase in the ratio of sTnI/fTnI and the enzymatic activities of cytochrome oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase. However, the expression level of myostatin mRNA in cold-exposed chicks was not different from that in their age-matched control chicks and that of PGC-1alpha mRNA was significantly lower than in the controls. These results indicate that myostatin and PGC-1alpha expression in the skeletal muscle rapidly change in response to acute cold, suggesting the possibility that these two genes could be involved in the increase in muscle mass and transformation of fiber type, respectively, at the initial stage of adaptation in cold-exposed chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Ijiri
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
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