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Noruzi H, Aziz‐Aliabadi F. Garlic (Allium sativum) and mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) powder: Investigation of performance, immune organs and humoural and cellular immune response in broilers. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e31367. [PMID: 38356455 PMCID: PMC10867595 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternatives to antibiotics have been suggested by banning their use in the poultry industry. Garlic and mushroom are two important phytobiotic compounds in poultry nutrition. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing diets with garlic and mushroom powder (MP) on growth performance, humoural and cellular immunity, and white blood cell counts of broiler chickens. METHODS Five hundred and seventy-six 1-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were assigned to 8 treatments with 6 replications (12 birds per replication) based on a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement of 4 × 2 with 4 levels of garlic powder (GP; 0.00%, 0.50%, 1.00%, and 1.50%) and two levels of MP (0.00% and 1.00%). RESULTS No significant effects of GP and MP on the growth performance and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity were observed (p > 0.05). According to the regression equation, with increasing levels of GP in the diets, the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus increased (p < 0.05). The effect of increasing levels of GP on the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) titre was greater in the absence of MP (p < 0.05). With increasing levels of GP in the diets, the percentages of lymphocytes and heterophils to lymphocytes ratio increased and reduced, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This experiment has revealed that increasing the level of GP improved the immune response of broilers without affecting performance. The effect of increasing the level of GP on the NDV titre was more significant in the absence of MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Noruzi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Fatemeh Aziz‐Aliabadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of AgricultureFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
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Nasir JA, Chand N, Naz S, Alhidary IA, Khan RU, Batool S, Zelai NT, Pugliese G, Tufarelli V, Losacco C. Dietary Oyster Mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus) Waste Inhibits Experimentally Induced Eimeria tenella Challenge in Japanese Quails Model. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3421. [PMID: 37958176 PMCID: PMC10650477 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of dietary 3% oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) waste in enhancing the anticoccidial effects in broilers challenged with Eimeria tenella infection. The experiment involved a total of 600 Japanese quails, raised from one to thirty-five days of age, which were divided into four treatment groups. These included a negative control group that received a basal diet (BD) without any anticoccidial or antibiotic supplementation in the non-challenged birds (negative control, NC); a positive control (PC) group consisting of NC birds challenged with E. tenella; a group that received the BD with an anticoccidial drug (standard); and a group that received the BD supplemented with 3% waste from oyster mushrooms (3% Pleurotus ostreatus). The results showed that the feed intake, body weight gain, and feed efficiency were significantly lower in the PC (p < 0.05). However, the growth traits were similar in the standard and 3% Pleurotus ostreatus-treated groups. Similarly, there was no difference (p < 0.05) in the mortality rate, oocyst count in the feces, and lesion score between the standard and 3% Pleurotus ostreatus groups. Based on intestinal histology evaluation, the villi height and width were significantly higher in the standard and 3% Pleurotus ostreatus-treated groups compared to those of the PC (p < 0.01). In conclusion, it was found that 3% Pleurotus ostreatus effectively mitigated the low growth rate of Japanese quails induced by coccidial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Abdul Nasir
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan; (J.A.N.); (N.C.)
| | - Naila Chand
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan; (J.A.N.); (N.C.)
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim A. Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rifat U. Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Sajida Batool
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Noha T. Zelai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gianluca Pugliese
- Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Caterina Losacco
- Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy; (G.P.); (C.L.)
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Tokofai B, Orounladji B, Idoh K, Oke O, Agbonon A. Effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal on growth performance, intestinal mucosa activity, digestive enzymes, absorption capacity, and immunity in broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.3920/jaan2022.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Gut health is multifaceted and is largely influenced by the rearing environment and the diet. The use of phytochemicals rich in phenolics and flavonoids can improve the digestive health of chickens and lead to better growth performance. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of dietary Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal (VALM) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, absorption function, organ weights and immunity of broilers. Two hundred and forty, one-day-old male Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups: an unsupplemented control and VA-1, VA-3 and VA-5 receiving VALM incorporation at concentrations of 1, 3 and 5 g/kg, respectively. Each treatment had six replicates of 10 chickens. On d 42, six chickens per replicate were isolated and euthanised. Digesta from the jejunal segments (10 cm) was collected for analysis of the digestive enzymes. The remaining digesta was then washed out with ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline before the jejunal segments (10 cm) were opened longitudinally to collect the mucosa by scraping. For the preparation of the homogenate, intestinal mucosa samples were homogenised with 154 mmol/l of ice-cold sodium chloride solution and centrifuged at 4 °C for 900 s. To determine immunoglobulins, glutathione and D-xylose, the supernatant was extracted and stored at -20 °C. Supplementation with VALM did not significantly influence the relative weights of organs in the different treatments. However, VALM at 3 g/kg caused a significant increase in amylase and trypsin concentration (P<0.05). Immunoglobulin A and intestinal secretory immunoglobulin G concentrations were significantly improved (P<0.05) in the birds fed 3 g/kg VALM. This supported the premise that 3 g/kg VALM in feed can improve gastric immunity status and digestive enzyme secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.M. Tokofai
- Laboratoire des Techniques de Production Avicole, Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires (CERSA), Université de Lomé, 00228 Lomé, Togo
| | - B.M. Orounladji
- Laboratoire des Techniques de Production Avicole, Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires (CERSA), Université de Lomé, 00228 Lomé, Togo
- Laboratoire de Recherche Avicole et de Zoo-Economie, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 00229 Cotonou, Bénin
| | - K. Idoh
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Pharmacologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, 00228 Lomé, Togo
| | - O.E. Oke
- Laboratoire des Techniques de Production Avicole, Centre d’Excellence Régional sur les Sciences Aviaires (CERSA), Université de Lomé, 00228 Lomé, Togo
- Animal Physiology Department, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, 00234 Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A. Agbonon
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Pharmacologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, 00228 Lomé, Togo
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Sun X, Wang Z, Li X, Du S, Lin D, Shao Y. Effects of Yucca schidigera extract on serum biochemical parameters, humoral immune response, and intestinal health in young pigeons. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1077555. [PMID: 36713856 PMCID: PMC9878700 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1077555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is of great importance to find antibiotic alternatives that can improve poultry performance and enhance immunity. Plant-derived extracts and their concentrates are natural bioactive compounds that are widely and effectively applied as the antibiotic alternatives in animal industries. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, immune function, intestinal morphology, and microbiota diversity of young pigeons. Methods A total of 120 healthy White King pigeons (28 days old) with similar weight were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with six replicate cages. Each of the pigeons from 4 treatments was orally administrated with 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 mg YSE per day, respectively. Results The results showed that orally supplemental YSE had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on the growth performance and immune organ index of pigeons. The serum total protein and IgM contents in the 10 mg YSE group were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the control group. Supplemental 10 and 15 mg YSE significantly lowered the level of serum total cholesterol (P < 0.05) and increased (P < 0.05) the villi height in the jejunum compared with the control group. Supplemental 5 and 10 mg YSE significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the level of serum alanine aminotransferase and the crypt depth in the ileum compared with the control group. The beta diversity showed a distinct difference in the ileum microbial composition between the control and the 10 mg YES group. YSE supplementation enriched the bacterial genera Sulfurospirillum, Solobacterium, Desulfovibrio, Desulfobulbus, Lactococcus, Parabacteroides, Acidaminococcus, Acetobacter, and Streptococcus. Additionally, Enterococcus genus showed a significantly negative correlation with serum alanine aminotransferase (R = -0.618, P = 0.043). Actinomyces genus showed a significantly negative correlation with cholesterol (R = -0.633, P = 0.036). Turicibacter genus showed a significantly positive correlation with villi height in the jejunum (R = 0.751, P = 0.008). Discussion In conclusion, orally supplemental YSE could improve serum biochemistry, immunoglobulin contents, and intestinal morphology by regulating the composition of microbial community in the ileum of young pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Sun
- Pigeon Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China,College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Pigeon Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Li
- Pigeon Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China,College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Shaohua Du
- Pigeon Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China,College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Dongmei Lin
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China,*Correspondence: Dongmei Lin ✉
| | - Yuxin Shao
- Pigeon Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China,Yuxin Shao ✉
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Gunawardana T, Ahmed KA, Popowich S, Kurukulasuriya S, Lockerbie B, Karunarathana R, Ayalew LE, Liu M, Tikoo SK, Gomis S. Comparison of Therapeutic Antibiotics, Probiotics, and Synthetic CpG-ODNs for Protective Efficacy Against Escherichia coli Lethal Infection and Impact on the Immune System in Neonatal Broiler Chickens. Avian Dis 2022; 66:165-175. [PMID: 35723931 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The poultry industry needs alternatives to antibiotics, as there are growing public concerns about the emergence of antimicrobial resistance owing to antimicrobial use in animal production. We have reported that the administration of neonatal chicks with synthetic DNA oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated cytosine guanine dinucleotide (CpG) motifs (CpG-ODN) can protect against bacterial pathogens in chickens. The objective of this study was to compare the immunoprotective effects of CpG-ODN and probiotics against Escherichia coli infection vs. commonly used therapeutic antibiotics. Day-old broiler chicks were divided into five groups (n = 35/group; 30 for the challenge experiment and 5 for the flow cytometry analysis). The chicks in Group 1 received a single dose of CpG-ODN by the intramuscular route on day 4 (D4) posthatch (PH), and Group 2 received drinking water (DW) with a probiotic product (D1-D15 PH, DW). The Group 3 chicks received tetracycline antibiotics during D9-D13 in DW; the Group 4 chicks got sodium sulfamethazine on D9, D10, and D15 PH in DW; and the Group 5 chicks were administered intramuscular (IM) saline D4 PH, DW. We challenged all the groups (n = 30/group) with E. coli (1 × 105 or 1 × 106 colony-forming units/bird) on D8 PH through the subcutaneous route. Our data demonstrated that the CpG-ODNs, but not the probiotics, could protect neonatal broiler chickens against lethal E. coli septicemia, as would the tetracycline or sodium sulfamethazine. The flow cytometry analysis (n = 5/group) revealed enrichment of immune cells in the CpG-ODN group and a marked decrease in macrophages and T-cell numbers in antibiotics-treated groups, indicating immunosuppressive effects. Our data showed that, like therapeutic antibiotics, CpG-ODNs reduced clinical signs, decreased bacterial loads, and induced protection in chicks against E. coli septicemia. Unlike therapeutic antibiotics-induced immunosuppressive effects, CpG-ODN caused immune enrichment by increasing chicken immune cells recruitment. Furthermore, this study highlights that, although therapeutic antibiotics can treat bacterial infections, the ensuing immunosuppressive effects may negatively impact the overall chicken health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thushari Gunawardana
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada,
| | - Shelly Popowich
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Shanika Kurukulasuriya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Betty Lockerbie
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Ruwani Karunarathana
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Lisanework E Ayalew
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Mengying Liu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Suresh K Tikoo
- Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Susantha Gomis
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada,
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role of Lactobacillus casei on some physiological and biochemical parameters in male laboratory rats infection with salmonellosis. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2022. [DOI: 10.53730/ijhs.v6ns2.6296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This research was conducted to isolation and diagnosis of Salmonella typhimurium that caused child diarrhea infections, whom attend in Salah-Adin Teaching Hospital in Tikrit. and determine the susceptibility of isolates against some antibiotics, also, determine the Lactobacillus casei as probiotics which, isolation and identification from fermented dairy samples collected from different local in Salah-Adin governorate markets, then assay the effect of orally dosage of probiotics on some physiological and biological parameters in rats that infected with Salmonella typhimurium isolate. Salmonella typhimurium were appeared at 15 isolates from child diarrhea infections samples and the Lb. casei isolates from fermented dairy products, then identified according to morphological, microscopic, cultural and biochemical characterizes, then selective the probiotics isolate from Lb. casei which depended according to their ability to grow in pH 2 and able to tolerance growth at 0.3% bile salts, furthermore their ability to adhesion with intestine mucus surface at 43.8%.
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Live Performance and Microbial Load Modulation of Broilers Fed a Direct-Fed Microbials (DFM) and Xylanase Combination. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030142. [PMID: 35324870 PMCID: PMC8955989 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The animal industry, which focuses on producing protein for human consumption, is continuously seeking solutions that can enhance both animal performance and health at a low cost. Several feed additives are currently being used to improve the nutritive value of feed as well as replacing the subtherapeutic levels of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). This study was designed to investigate the effect of a feed additive that is a blend of multi-strain Bacillus spp. probiotics and a xylanase in a 2 × 2 factorial dietary treatments design, testing two levels of the feed additive blend (0 and 100 g/MT) and two cereal grain types (corn and wheat) on live performance, gut lesions, environmental Clostridium perfringens load, and pathogen load in the digesta of broiler chickens (E. tenella, total aerobic count cells (APC), E. coli, and C. perfringens). Day-old chicks were randomly placed in 10 replicate pens per treatment with 52 birds per replicate and grown to 42 d of age. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. At 42 d, birds fed EnzaPro were heavier (p < 0.0004) than unsupplemented birds. An improvement in FCR (p = 0.03) was observed from 1 to 42 d by approximately two points in both corn- and wheat-based diets supplemented with EnzaPro. In wheat-based diets, supplementing EnzaPro reduced (p < 0.0001) a 21 d lesion score of intestines with a further reduction (p < 0.02) at 42 d. EnzaPro reduced (p < 0.03) litter moisture by approximately 1% compared to non-supplemented EnzaPro in both corn- and wheat-based diets. Pathogen load in digesta (C. perfringens, E. tenella, APC, and E. coli) was reduced (p < 0.0002) when EnzaPro was supplemented in diets. It can be concluded that EnzaPro (a blend of DFM Bacillus spp (1 × 105 CFU/g feed) and xylanase (10 XU/g feed)) may be used in both corn- and wheat-based diets to improve the performance and gut health of broilers.
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Kumar H, Bhardwaj K, Kuča K, Sahrifi‐Rad J, Verma R, Machado M, Kumar D, Cruz‐Martins N. Edible mushrooms enrichment in food and feed: A mini review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan 173229 India
| | - Kanchan Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan 173229 India
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Hradec Kralove 50003 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center University Hospital in Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581 50005 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Javad Sahrifi‐Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran 11369 Iran
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan 173229 India
| | - Marisa Machado
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (CESPU) Rua Central de Gandra 1317 4585‐116 Gandra PRD Portugal
- TOXRUN ‐ Toxicology Research Unit University Institute of Health Sciences CESPU CRL 4585‐116 Gandra Portugal
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan 173229 India
| | - Natália Cruz‐Martins
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (CESPU) Rua Central de Gandra 1317 4585‐116 Gandra PRD Portugal
- TOXRUN ‐ Toxicology Research Unit University Institute of Health Sciences CESPU CRL 4585‐116 Gandra Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine University of Porto 4200‐319 Porto Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) University of Porto 4200‐135 Porto Portugal
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Assessment of Antibody Titer and Lymphoid Organs Weight Following Newcastle Disease Vaccination and Feed-Supplementation of Vitamin-C, Probiotics and Antibiotic-Growth-Promoters in Japanese Quails. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease. This study was conducted to determine the antibody titer in Japanese quails following vaccination against ND and feed-supplementation with vitamin-C, probiotics and antibiotic-growth-promoters. Forty Japanese quails were equally grouped in four groups (A1 to A4) and were vaccinated by LaSota, B1, F and VG/GA strains, respectively, at the age of 10 days. Another forty Japenese quails were equally grouped in four groups (B1 to B4), were vaccinated with the vaccines of the previous groups that showed a higher effect, and were fed with mesh-feed (control-B1), supplemented with vitamin-C (B2), probiotics (B3), and antibiotic growth promoter (B4). Serum samples were obtained on 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age and were subjected to a hemagglutination inhibition test. The mean antibody titer (Log2) had no significant difference between groups A1-A4. The highest titers were recorded in A4 (6.20±0.37) and A3 (6.00±0.71). The mean titer was significantly different among the groups at 4 weeks, but insignificant in the other weeks of the supplemented groups. A higher mean titer was found between 8 and 10 weeks in group B2 (7.40±0.60) and B3 (7.20±0.58). The relative weights (gm/kg) of the spleen, thymus and bursa were significantly higher in group B3 (1.947±0.109, 5.951±0.312 and 2.624±0.083, respectively). They had no significant correlation with antibody titer at 12 weeks. In conclusion, vitamin-C and probiotic supplemented feeds can boost up the antibody titer against ND in Japanese quail when given during VG/GA strain vaccination.
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Kumar H, Bhardwaj K, Sharma R, Nepovimova E, Cruz-Martins N, Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Chopra C, Verma R, Abd-Elsalam KA, Tapwal A, Musilek K, Kumar D, Kuča K. Potential Usage of Edible Mushrooms and Their Residues to Retrieve Valuable Supplies for Industrial Applications. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:427. [PMID: 34071432 PMCID: PMC8226799 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the food and agricultural sectors are concerned about environmental problems caused by raw material waste, and they are looking for strategies to reduce the growing amount of waste disposal. Now, approaches are being explored that could increment and provide value-added products from agricultural waste to contribute to the circular economy and environmental protection. Edible mushrooms have been globally appreciated for their medicinal properties and nutritional value, but during the mushroom production process nearly one-fifth of the mushroom gets wasted. Therefore, improper disposal of mushrooms and untreated residues can cause fungal disease. The residues of edible mushrooms, being rich in sterols, vitamin D2, amino acids, and polysaccharides, among others, makes it underutilized waste. Most of the published literature has primarily focused on the isolation of bioactive components of these edible mushrooms; however, utilization of waste or edible mushrooms themselves, for the production of value-added products, has remained an overlooked area. Waste of edible mushrooms also represents a disposal problem, but they are a rich source of important compounds, owing to their nutritional and functional properties. Researchers have started exploiting edible mushroom by-products/waste for value-added goods with applications in diverse fields. Bioactive compounds obtained from edible mushrooms are being used in media production and skincare formulations. Furthermore, diverse applications from edible mushrooms are also being explored, including the synthesis of biosorbent, biochar, edible films/coating, probiotics, nanoparticles and cosmetic products. The primary intent of this review is to summarize the information related to edible mushrooms and their valorization in developing value-added products with industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (H.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Kanchan Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (K.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (H.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (D.S.D.); (R.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (D.S.D.); (R.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (D.S.D.); (R.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (K.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
- Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Plant Pathology Research Institute, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Ashwani Tapwal
- Forest Protection Division, Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Shimla 171013, India;
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (H.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (K.M.)
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL Downregulates the Ileal Expression of Genes Involved in Immune Responses in Broiler Chickens to Improve Growth Performance. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020382. [PMID: 33668643 PMCID: PMC7918048 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL promotes broiler chicken performance by improving nutrient absorption and utilization and reducing intestinal inflammation. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq)-based transcriptomes of ileal tissues collected from probiotic-fed and control broiler chickens were analyzed to elucidate the effects of the probiotic B. amyloliquefaciens TL, as a feed additive, on the gut immune function. In total, 475 genes were significantly differentially expressed between the ileum of probiotic-fed and control birds. The expression of genes encoding pyruvate kinase, prothymosin-α, and heat stress proteins was high in the ileum of probiotic-fed birds (FPKM > 500), but not in the control group. The gene ontology functional enrichment and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the uniquely expressed genes in the control group were mostly involved in immune responses, whereas those in the probiotic group were involved in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathways and positive regulation of cell proliferation. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL downregulated the expression of certain proinflammatory factors and affected the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathway. Furthermore, B. amyloliquefaciens TL in broiler diets altered the expression of genes involved in immune functions in the ileum. Thus, it might contribute to improved broiler growth by regulating the immune system and reducing intestinal damage in broilers.
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12
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Lima GA, Barbosa BFS, Araujo RGAC, Polidoro BR, Polycarpo GV, Zied DC, Biller JD, Ventura G, Modesto IM, Madeira AMBN, Cruz-Polycarpo VC. Agaricus subrufescens and Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms as alternative additives to antibiotics in diets for broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:251-260. [PMID: 33064014 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1837344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. The effect of A. subrufescens and P. ostreatus mushrooms as an alternative to antibiotics (avilamycin or monensin sodium) on performance, intestinal morphometry, immunity, and biochemical profile of broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. was studied from 1 to 42 d old. A total of 900 male Cobb® broiler chicks were distributed, according to a completely randomised design, into five treatments with six replicates each.2. The treatments consisted of: negative control (NC) - basal diet (BD) with no anticoccidial or antibiotic (non-challenged birds); negative control challenged (NCC) - NC fed to Eimeria spp. challenged birds; BD with 0.2% A. subrufescens inclusion for challenged birds (As), BD with 0.2% P. ostreatus inclusion for challenged birds (Po); and a positive control - BD with anticoccidial and antibiotic inclusion for challenged birds (ATB).3. At 11 d.o., the birds were each inoculated orally with 1 ml solution containing 2 × 105 sporulated oocysts/ml Eimeria acervulina and 2 × 104 sporulated oocysts/ml E. maxima and E. tenella.4. Birds subjected to Eimeria spp. challenge up to 21 d of age had greater crypt depth, indicating that the presence of undesirable microorganisms had an effect on cell proliferation.5. At 21 d old, the birds receiving ATB had higher average weight gain (AWG), feed intake (AFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to those fed diets supplemented with mushrooms (As or Po). For the total rearing period (42 days), the birds that received ATB had higher AWG and AFI (P < 0.001) compared to those that received As or Po diets. Feeding avilamycin did not affect (P = 0.0676) FCR compared to the As or Po diet groups.6. From the morphometric and blood analyses there were no differences between broilers fed ATB, Po or As diets in either rearing periods. However, Po and As supplementation lowered blood triglyceride levels. At 21d there was a difference (P < 0.05) for MCV and haemoglobin, in which the mushrooms were similar to the antibiotic. At 42 d, there was a difference (P < 0.05) in haematocrit, erythrocyte, MCV, H: L, protein and albumin variables, in which the use of mushrooms was similar to the positive control, demonstrating that both (mushrooms and antibiotics) promoted a certain improvement in the health of the chickens.7. A. subrufescens and P. ostreatus can be used in broiler diets without compromising intestinal or haematological status, however, these ingredients did not result in improvements in performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Lima
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - B F S Barbosa
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - R G A C Araujo
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - B R Polidoro
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - G V Polycarpo
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - D C Zied
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - J D Biller
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - G Ventura
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - I M Modesto
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil
| | - A M B N Madeira
- Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo (Institute of Biomedical Sciences-USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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Castañeda CD, Dittoe DK, Wamsley KGS, McDaniel CD, Blanch A, Sandvang D, Kiess AS. In ovo inoculation of an Enterococcus faecium-based product to enhance broiler hatchability, live performance, and intestinal morphology. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6163-6172. [PMID: 33142534 PMCID: PMC7647828 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested the use of probiotics, as alternative to antibiotics, to enhance broiler performance. The administration of probiotics in feed has been widely explored; however, few studies have evaluated the in ovo inoculation of probiotics. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the impact of in ovo inoculation of different concentrations of GalliPro Hatch (GH), an Enterococcus faecium-based probiotic, on hatchability, live performance, and gastrointestinal parameters. Ross x Ross 708 fertile eggs were incubated, and on day 18, injected with the following treatments: 1) 50 μL of Marek's vaccine (MV), 2) MV and 1.4 × 105 cfu GH/50 μL, 3) MV and 1.4 × 106 cfu GH/50 μL, 4) MV and 1.4 × 107 cfu GH/50 μL. On the day of hatch, chicks were weighed, feather sexed, and hatch residue was analyzed. Male birds (640) were randomly assigned to 40 floor pens. On day 0, 7, 14, and 21 of the grow-out phase, performance data were collected. One bird from each pen was used to obtain yolk weight and intestinal segment weight and length. Hatchability was not impacted by any GH treatment (P = 0.58). On day 0, yolk weight was lower for all treatments than for MV alone. On day 0 to 7, feed intake was lower for 105 and 107 GH; the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower for all treatments than for MV alone (P = 0.05; P = 0.01, respectively). From day 14 to 21, the 107 GH treatment had higher BW gain (P = 0.05). For day 0 to 21, 107 GH had a lower FCR than MV alone (P = 0.03). On day 0, all GH treatments resulted in heavier tissues and longer jejunum, ileum, and ceca lengths than MV alone (P < 0.05). Spleen weight was higher for 105 and 107 GH than for MV alone. In conclusion, GH does not impact hatchability, and some concentrations improved live performance through the first 21 d of the grow-out phase. These improvements could result from the increased yolk absorption and improved intestinal and spleen morphology seen in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D Castañeda
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762
| | - Dana K Dittoe
- Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayettevill, AR 72704
| | - Kelley G S Wamsley
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762
| | | | | | | | - Aaron S Kiess
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762.
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14
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Mahfuz S, He T, Ma J, Liu H, Long S, Shang Q, Zhang L, Yin J, Piao X. Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) stem residue on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant status and lipid metabolism of broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1797545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shad Mahfuz
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hansuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenfei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghui Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Hassan RA, Shafi ME, Attia KM, Assar MH. Influence of Oyster Mushroom Waste on Growth Performance, Immunity and Intestinal Morphology Compared With Antibiotics in Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:333. [PMID: 32596274 PMCID: PMC7300226 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oyster mushroom waste (OMW) is a by-product of the agriculture industry with valuable antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, and prebiotic properties. This by-product might be a useful alternative to antibiotic growth stimulators in poultry nutrition. The purpose of this research was to test the impact of OMW on the immune responses and on the morphology of intestine of broiler chickens. Four dietary therapies with five replicas of 15 birds in each, totalling 300 day- Ross 308 broiler chickens, were utilized in this study. Control chickens were fed a mixed diet that included a maize-soybean meal complemented by 1 and 2% OMW in addition to the basal diet. Furthermore, Enramycin (125 g/kg) was added to the control diet as an antibiotic. Throughout this experiment, performance was studied as well as the immune response to the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and intestinal morphological traits. A substantial surge was noted in body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) of chickens after the addition of 1% OMW (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, feed supplementation with 2% OMW, compared with the control diet, produced no noteworthy increase in BWG or the feed conversion rate (FCR). Antibiotic addition, on the other hand, increased serum cholesterol (p ≤ 0.05). After 42 days, neither OMW nor antibiotic addition affected organ mass. In contrast, antibiotic addition reduced the small intestine percentage, crypt depth and villus height (p ≤ 0.05). The Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV) antibody titer improved after feed supplementation with 1% OMW comparing with the control and antibiotic diet group. Furthermore, OMW supplementation decreased the heterophil-to-lymphocyte H/L ratio (p ≤ 0.05). The use of OMW led to a reduction in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the breast and liver and an increase in glutathione peroxidase. It helped to reduce glutathione, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase. In conclusion, the impact of OMW were dose-dependent, and the use of 1% OMW in broiler diets enhanced their growth and immunity. Nonetheless, supplementation with 2% OMW produced conflicting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda A Hassan
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal E Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil M Attia
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Assar
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
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16
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Aljumaah MR, Alkhulaifi MM, Abudabos AM, Aljumaah RS, Alsaleh AN, Stanley D. Bacillus subtilis PB6 based probiotic supplementation plays a role in the recovery after the necrotic enteritis challenge. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232781. [PMID: 32555739 PMCID: PMC7302482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In poultry production, birds are raised under intensive conditions, which can enable rapid spread of infections, with Clostridium perfringens-caused necrotic enteritis (NE) being one of the most devastating for the industry. The current investigation was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis PB6 probiotic supplementation on bird’s post NE recovery, based on chicken performance, cecal microbiota composition, ileum histomorphometric measurements, and short-chain fatty acid production in the cecum of the birds that were challenged with NE mid-production. Birds were split into four groups, including a negative control, positive control challenged with C. perfringens, group supplemented with B. subtilis probiotic, and NE challenged birds supplemented with B. subtilis probiotic. Following NE challenge birds were allowed to reach the end of production time at 40 days, and samples were collected to estimate if probiotic supplementation resulted in better post-NE recovery. Intestinal lesion score across the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum indicated that at the end of production timeline NE challenged birds supplemented with B. subtilis probiotic had lower intestinal lesion scores compared to NE challenged birds without probiotic supplementation implying improved recovery. Probiotic supplementation improved performance of NE challenged birds only in the post-NE recovery stage. NE challenged birds had a significant increase in cecal propionic acid, which was not observed in NE challenged birds supplemented with B.subtilus. Both B. subtilis supplemented groups (challenged and unchanged) were characterized by a significant rise in cecal acetic and butyric acid. Our results demonstrate that B. subtilis supplementation can assist the birds in dealing with NE outbreak and long term recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashael R. Aljumaah
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M. Alkhulaifi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaeldein M. Abudabos
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh S. Aljumaah
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma N. Alsaleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dragana Stanley
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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17
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Mahfuz S, Long S, Piao X. Role of medicinal mushroom on growth performance and physiological responses in broiler chicken. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1729670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.U. Mahfuz
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - S.F. Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - X.S. Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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18
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Rahimi S, Kathariou S, Fletcher O, Grimes JL. The effectiveness of a dietary direct-fed microbial and mannan oligosaccharide on ultrastructural changes of intestinal mucosa of turkey poults infected with Salmonella and Campylobacter. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1135-1149. [PMID: 32036965 PMCID: PMC7587720 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella and Campylobacter are considered major public health burdens worldwide, and poultry are known to be one of the main reservoirs for these zoonotic pathogens. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a commercial probiotic or direct-fed microbial (DFM) Calsporin (CSP), and prebiotic or mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) (IMW50) on ultrastructural changes and the villous integrity of intestinal mucosa in turkey poults challenged with Salmonella and Campylobacter. A 21-day battery cage study was conducted using 4 dietary treatments including a basal diet (corn and soybean-based) nonsupplemented and uninfected as a negative control (NC); basal diet supplemented with 0.05% DFM (CSP); basal diet supplemented with 0.05% MOS (IMW50); and basal diet supplemented with 0.05% mixture of DFM and MOS at equal proportions. Female large white turkey poults aged 336 days were obtained from a local commercial hatchery and randomly distributed in electrically heated battery cages with 12 treatments of 4 replicates per treatment containing 7 poults per pen. The first 16 pens were not infected with bacteria, poults in pens 17-32 were orally challenged at day 7 with 105 cfu Salmonella Heidelberg, and the poults in pens 33-48 were orally challenged at day 7 with 105 cfu Campylobacter jejuni. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the study. At day 21, ileal tissue samples from 1 bird per cage were collected for intestinal integrity and ultrastructural examination by scanning and electron microscopy. DFM and MOS supplementation was effective in both challenged and nonchallenged (not infected with Salmonella and Campylobacter) birds. Goblet cells and mucus were increased, with the presence of large numbers of segmented filamentous bacteria in DFM- and MOS-supplemented groups compared with birds in control treatments. The number and size of villi were reduced in poults exposed to Salmonella and Campylobacter. Results show that CSP and IMW50 provide protection of ileal mucosal integrity in poults exposed to Salmonella or Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-336 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - Oscar Fletcher
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608
| | - Jesse L Grimes
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7608.
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Herbal Medicine Additives as Powerful Agents to Control and Prevent Avian Influenza Virus in Poultry – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2019-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The complicated epidemiological situation of avian influenza viruses (AIV) caused by continuous emergence of new subtypes with failure of eradication, monitoring and vaccination strategies opens the door to alternative solutions to save the status quo and prevent new disasters for the poultry industry. Using of synthetic antiviral drugs such as neuraminidase and hemagglutinin inhibitors has been limited due to development of drug resistance and expensive commercial application. One of the most promising alternatives is herbal products and botanicals. This review presents a comprehensive and specialized view of in vivo studies of herbal plants in poultry species. Many herbal extracts as Nigella sativa oil, Astragalus, Cochinchina momordica and Sargassum pallidum polysaccharides proved very effective as adjuvants for AIV vaccines. Another beneficial role of herbs is enhancement of host response to vaccination with further better prevention of infection and easier control. For enumeration not inventory, this is best achieved with the use of virgin coconut oil, Echinacea purpurea, Ginseng stem-and-leaf saponins (GSLS), Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), Myrtus communis oil, Garlic powder, Turmeric, Thyme and Curcumin. This review aimed to evaluate most of the in vivo studies performed on poultry species as a step and a guide for scientists and field practitioners in establishment of new effective herbal-based drugs for prevention and control of AIV in poultry.
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20
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Castañeda CD, McDaniel CD, Abdelhamed H, Karsi A, Kiess AS. Evaluating bacterial colonization of a developing broiler embryo after in ovo injection with a bioluminescent bacteria. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2997-3006. [PMID: 30789222 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In ovo injection of probiotics has been of interest for achieving early health benefits. However, there is limited research demonstrating where bacteria could migrate within the embryo after injection. The objective of this study was to evaluate bacterial colonization or migration after in ovo injection of broiler embryo with bioluminescent Escherichia coli. Injection using 106 CFU/mL nonpathogenic E. coli was applied to amniotic and air cell regions on day 18 of incubation. On days 18, 19, 20, and 21 the amnion, skin, lung, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), bursa, and spleen were collected. On day 21, the GIT was separated into crop, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ceca sections. All tissues were visualized using anin vivo imaging system to confirm the presence of bioluminescent E. coli. Samples were homogenized, 10-fold serially diluted, and spread onto appropriate agar to determine bacterial loads in all tissues. Results indicated that eggs injected into the amnion had significantly high numbers of E. coli cells in all tissues compared to air cell injected and control treatments 2 h post-injection (P < 0.0001). E. coli was also found on the lungs, spleen, and bursa of eggs injected either in the amnion or air cell (P < 0.05). Results indicated that in ovo injection into the amnion was more efficient than air cell injection, yielding a higher bacterial concentration in the evaluated tissues, specifically the ileum and ceca. Future research using bioluminescent probiotic bacteria may establish sites of preference for different probiotics leading to site-specific application that can maximize their overall impact when in ovo injected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D Castañeda
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762
| | - Christopher D McDaniel
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762
| | - Hossam Abdelhamed
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762
| | - Attila Karsi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762
| | - Aaron S Kiess
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762
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Hatab M, Elsayed M, Ibrahim N. Effect of some biological supplementation on productive performance, physiological and immunological response of layer chicks. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.H. Hatab
- Biological Applic. Dep., Nuclear Res. Center, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 13759, Egypt
| | - M.A. Elsayed
- Biological Applic. Dep., Nuclear Res. Center, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 13759, Egypt
| | - N.S. Ibrahim
- Biological Applic. Dep., Nuclear Res. Center, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 13759, Egypt
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22
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Adams S, Che D, Hailong J, Zhao B, Rui H, Danquah K, Qin G. Effects of pulverized oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on diarrhea incidence, growth performance, immunity, and microbial composition in piglets. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3616-3627. [PMID: 30628086 PMCID: PMC6593831 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom (POM) is an edible mushroom with rich nutritional components and vital pharmacological properties. The present study comprised 100 cross-bred piglets, weaned at 28 days old, who were randomly assigned to four POM diets with five replicates per diet and five piglets per pen. RESULTS POM supplementation (P < 0.05) decreased the incidence of diarrhea, and also increased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of pigs. Fecal acetate, butyrate and propionate increased with the addition of POM. Interleukin-2, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, tumor necrosis factor-α and immunoglobulin A increased (P < 0.05) with the addition of POM. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant microbial strains in the fecal samples, irrespective of POM supplementation. Shannon diversity, whole tree phylogenetic diversity, observed species and Chao1 analysis exhibited significant variation in species richness across the treatments. Principal coordinates analysis showed a significant (P < 0.1) increase in the microbial communities amongst all of the treatment groups. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that the supplementation of POM in the diet of piglets might increase feed consumption, gut microbial composition and diversity, as well as short-chain fatty acids synthesis, consequently preventing the occurrence of diarrhea and increasing the growth of piglets. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seidu Adams
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunP.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Che
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunP.R. China
| | - Jiang Hailong
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunP.R. China
| | - Bao Zhao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunP.R. China
| | - Han Rui
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunP.R. China
| | - Kofi Danquah
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity for Development StudiesTamaleGhana
| | - Guixin Qin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunP.R. China
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Araujo RGAC, Polycarpo GV, Barbieri A, Silva KM, Ventura G, Polycarpo VCC. Performance And Economic Viability Of Broiler Chickens Fed With Probiotic And Organic Acids In An Attempt To Replace Growth-Promoting Antibiotics. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - KM Silva
- University Estadual Paulista, Brazil
| | - G Ventura
- University Estadual Paulista, Brazil
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Pereira R, Bortoluzzi C, Durrer A, Fagundes NS, Pedroso AA, Rafael JM, Perim JEDL, Zavarize KC, Napty GS, Andreote FD, Costa DP, Menten JFM. Performance and intestinal microbiota of chickens receiving probiotic in the feed and submitted to antibiotic therapy. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:72-86. [PMID: 30485573 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify the ability of a probiotic in the feed to maintain the stability of the gut microbiota in chickens after antibiotic therapy and its association with growth performance. One thousand six hundred twenty 1-day-old Cobb male were housed in floor pens (36 pens, 45 birds/pen) and were fed corn-/soya bean meal-based diets supplemented with or without probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) during the entire rearing phase. From 21 to 24 days of age (three consecutive days), the chickens were submitted to antibiotic therapy via drinking water (bacitracin and neomycin) in order to mimic a field treatment and induce dysbiosis. Growth performance was monitored until 42 days of age. At 2, 4 and 6 days after antibiotic therapy, three chickens from each pen were euthanized and the contents of the small intestine and caeca were collected and pooled. The trial was conducted with four treatments and nine replicates in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for performance characteristics (with and without probiotic × with and without antibiotic therapy); for the intestinal microbiota, it was in a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (with and without probiotic × with and without antibiotic therapy × 2, 4 and 6 days after the antibiotic therapy) with three replicates per treatment. Terminal restriction length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis showed that the structure of gut bacterial community was shaped by the intestinal segment and by the time after the antibiotic therapy. The number of 16S rDNAs copies in caecum contents decreased with time after the therapeutic treatment. The antibiotic therapy and dietary probiotic supplementation decreased richness and diversity indexes in the caecal contents. The improved performance observed in birds supplemented with probiotic may be related to changes promoted by the feed additive in the structure of the intestinal bacterial communities and phylogenetic groups. Antibiotic therapy modified the bacterial structure, but did not cause loss of broiler performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Bortoluzzi
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ademir Durrer
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Naiara Simarro Fagundes
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline Moreira Rafael
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Júlia Elidia de Lima Perim
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Kelen Cristiane Zavarize
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Samira Napty
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dini Andreote
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Diogo Paes Costa
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - José Fernando Machado Menten
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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25
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Mushroom cultivation in the circular economy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7795-7803. [PMID: 30027491 PMCID: PMC6132538 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Commercial mushrooms are produced on lignocellulose such as straw, saw dust, and wood chips. As such, mushroom-forming fungi convert low-quality waste streams into high-quality food. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is usually considered a waste product. This review discusses the applications of SMS to promote the transition to a circular economy. SMS can be used as compost, as a substrate for other mushroom-forming fungi, as animal feed, to promote health of animals, and to produce packaging and construction materials, biofuels, and enzymes. This range of applications can make agricultural production more sustainable and efficient, especially if the CO2 emission and heat from mushroom cultivation can be used to promote plant growth in greenhouses.
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26
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Wang Y, Dong Z, Song D, Zhou H, Wang W, Miao H, Wang L, Li A. Effects of microencapsulated probiotics and prebiotics on growth performance, antioxidative abilities, immune functions, and caecal microflora in broiler chickens. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1463972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenglin Dong
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Song
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haijiang Miao
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Safety assessment of antibiotic and probiotic feed additives for Gallus gallus domesticus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12767. [PMID: 29038560 PMCID: PMC5643334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics in feed select for resistant strains and is thus a threat to human health. In this study, the effect of a multi-strain probiotic and antibiotics on the growth and health of broilers was studied. Equal numbers of broilers received on a daily basis either a multi-strain probiotic or a combination of sulphadiazine, colistin and trimethoprim, whereas the control group received standard feed. The villi of immature broilers (19 days old) administered antibiotics had a larger surface area and their lymphocyte and basophil counts were higher compared to broilers from the probiotic and control groups. The cecal microbiomes of mature broilers (29 days old) that received probiotics had higher levels of Enterobacteriaceae, but lower numbers of Clostridiales, Brucellaceae, Synergistaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Coriobacteriaceae compared to the antibiotic-treated group. A decline in the bioluminescence of Listeria monocytogenes observed for broilers on probiotics suggested that the probiotic may be used to control bacterial infections. No significant differences in total red blood cell, haemoglobin and haematocrit content, and mean values for corpuscular volume, corpuscular haemoglobin and corpuscular haemoglobin numbers were recorded amongst broilers from the different treatment groups. This study provides valuable information on the health and performance of broilers when administered probiotics and antibiotics as additives.
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Bederska-Łojewska D, Świątkiewicz S, Muszyńska B. The use of Basidiomycota mushrooms in poultry nutrition—A review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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29
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Simitzis PE. Enrichment of Animal Diets with Essential Oils-A Great Perspective on Improving Animal Performance and Quality Characteristics of the Derived Products. MEDICINES 2017; 4:medicines4020035. [PMID: 28930250 PMCID: PMC5590071 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Food industry operates in a competitive market and is continually facing challenges to retain or even increase its market share. Consistent high-quality animal products are required to maintain consumer confidence and consumption. Enrichment of foods with bioactive compounds such as the essential oils appears to improve quality characteristics of the derived products and protects consumers against oxidation and bacterial spoilage effects. Synthetic additives are nowadays questioned due to their suspected carcinogenic potential, and therefore extensive research has been undertaken to identify safe and efficient alternatives. Aromatic plants and their respective essential oils belong to natural products and are generally used in pig, poultry, rabbit and ruminant nutrition. The inclusion of essential oils in livestock diets is nowadays becoming a common practice, since dietary supplementation has been proven a simple and convenient strategy to effectively inhibit the oxidative reactions or microbial spoilage at their localized sites. A wide range of essential oils contain bioactive compounds that have the potential to act as multifunctional feed supplements for animals including effects on growth performance, digestive system, pathogenic bacterial growth and lipid oxidation. However, further studies are needed to clarify their exact action and establish their regular use in animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis E Simitzis
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, Athens 11855, Greece.
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30
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Alternatives to antibiotics for maximizing growth performance and feed efficiency in poultry: a review. Anim Health Res Rev 2017; 18:26-45. [DOI: 10.1017/s1466252316000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWith the increase in regulations regarding the use of antibiotic growth promoters and the rise in consumer demand for poultry products from ‘Raised Without Antibiotics’ or ‘No Antibiotics Ever’ flocks, the quest for alternative products or approaches has intensified in recent years. A great deal of research has focused on the development of antibiotic alternatives to maintain or improve poultry health and performance. This review describes the potential for the various alternatives available to increase animal productivity and help poultry perform to their genetic potential under existing commercial conditions. The classes of alternatives described include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, organic acids, enzymes, phytogenics, antimicrobial peptides, hyperimmune egg antibodies, bacteriophages, clay, and metals. A brief description of the mechanism of action, efficacy, and advantages and disadvantages of their uses are also presented. Though the beneficial effects of many of the alternatives developed have been well demonstrated, the general consensus is that these products lack consistency and the results vary greatly from farm to farm. Furthermore, their mode of action needs to be better defined. Optimal combinations of various alternatives coupled with good management and husbandry practices will be the key to maximize performance and maintain animal productivity, while we move forward with the ultimate goal of reducing antibiotic use in the animal industry.
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31
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Shokryazdan P, Faseleh Jahromi M, Liang JB, Ramasamy K, Sieo CC, Ho YW. Effects of a Lactobacillus salivarius mixture on performance, intestinal health and serum lipids of broiler chickens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175959. [PMID: 28459856 PMCID: PMC5411046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ban or severe restriction on the use of antibiotics in poultry feeds to promote growth has led to considerable interest to find alternative approaches. Probiotics have been considered as such alternatives. In the present study, the effects of a Lactobacillus mixture composed from three previously isolated Lactobacillus salivarius strains (CI1, CI2 and CI3) from chicken intestines on performance, intestinal health status and serum lipids of broiler chickens has been evaluated. Supplementation of the mixture at a concentration of 0.5 or 1 g kg-1 of diet to broilers for 42 days improved body weight, body weight gain and FCR, reduced total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, increased populations of beneficial bacteria such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, decreased harmful bacteria such as E. coli and total aerobes, reduced harmful cecal bacterial enzymes such as β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase, and improved intestinal histomorphology of broilers. Because of its remarkable efficacy on broiler chickens, the L. salivarius mixture could be considered as a good potential probiotic for chickens, and its benefits should be further evaluated on a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shokryazdan
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Juan Boo Liang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chin Chin Sieo
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yin Wan Ho
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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32
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Balamuralikrishnan B, Lee SI, Kim IH. Dietary inclusion of different multi-strain complex probiotics; effects on performance in broilers. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:83-86. [PMID: 27918205 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1257112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of two different complex probiotic supplementations on the growth performance, meat quality, excreta microflora, nutrient retention, blood metabolic profile and noxious gas emissions in broilers. A total of 612 conventional healthy 1-d-old Ross 308 broilers with body weight of 41 ± 0.3 g were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 12 replicate cages, with 17 broilers in each cage and fed with the following diets: CON-Basal diet, T1-CON + Probiotic A, T2-CON + Probiotic B. Significant results were observed on body weight gain, but not on feed conversation ratio and feed intake, in the whole experimental period. Increased faecal lactobacillus counts were found with probiotics supplementation. However, no significant effects were found for meat quality, nutrient retention, blood metabolic profile or noxious gas emissions. In conclusion, both multi-strain probiotics had beneficial effects on growth performance, drip loss percentage and faecal Lactobacillus counts in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Balamuralikrishnan
- a Department of Animal Resource and Science , Dankook University , Cheonan , Choongnam , South Korea
| | - S I Lee
- a Department of Animal Resource and Science , Dankook University , Cheonan , Choongnam , South Korea
| | - I H Kim
- a Department of Animal Resource and Science , Dankook University , Cheonan , Choongnam , South Korea
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33
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Pournazari M, Qotbi AAA, Seidavi A, Corazzin M. Prebiotics, probiotics and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) for broilers: performance, carcass traits and blood variables. REV COLOMB CIENC PEC 2017. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v30n1a01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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34
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Li XL, He WL, Wang ZB, Xu TS. Effects of Chinese herbal mixture on performance, egg quality and blood biochemical parameters of laying hens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 100:1041-1049. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. L. Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang Henan People's Republic of China
| | - W. L. He
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Z. B. Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang Henan People's Republic of China
| | - T. S. Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang Henan People's Republic of China
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35
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Kim HW, Yan FF, Hu JY, Cheng HW, Kim YHB. Effects of probiotics feeding on meat quality of chicken breast during postmortem storage. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1457-64. [PMID: 26944974 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of dietary probiotic supplement and postmortem storage on meat quality of chicken breast during retail display. A total of 35 birds were randomly obtained from 3 feeding groups (control without probiotic supplement, 250 ppm Sporulin, and 500 ppm PoultryStar). The probiotic supplement had no influence on feed conversion ratio and body weight gain, as well as body weight at 29 and 44 d (P > 0.05). After slaughter, each side of the breast muscles (M. Pectoralis major) was assigned to either one d or 5 d of postmortem storage. Probiotic supplement had no influence on the rate of pH decline of chicken breast muscles during the initial 6 h postmortem (P > 0.05). No interactions between probiotic supplement and postmortem storage on meat quality were found (P > 0.05). Postmortem storage decreased drip loss from 25.30 to 18.05% (P < 0.05). Probiotics-fed chicken groups, particularly PoultryStar treatment, had a higher myofibrillar fragmentation index than the control group (P < 0.05). However, shear force values were not affected by the probiotic treatments. Decreases in color and lipid stabilities of breast muscles were found during display (P < 0.05), but were not affected by the probiotic supplement (P > 0.05). Our result suggests that probiotic supplement had no adverse impacts on proteolysis and oxidative changes during 5 d postmortem display storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Kim
- Meat Science and Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - F F Yan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - J Y Hu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - H W Cheng
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Y H B Kim
- Meat Science and Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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36
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Zaghari M, Zahroojian N, Riahi M, Parhizkar S. Effect ofBacillus SubtilisSpore (GalliPro®) Nutrients Equivalency Value on Broiler Chicken Performance. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Shang HM, Song H, Xing YL, Niu SL, Ding GD, Jiang YY, Liang F. Effects of dietary fermentation concentrate of Hericium caput-medusae (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. on growth performance, digestibility, and intestinal microbiology and morphology in broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:215-222. [PMID: 25582752 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of fermentation concentrate of Hericium caput-medusae (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. (HFC) on growth performance, digestibility, intestinal microbiology, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. A total of 600 male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into five dietary treatments (20 broilers per pen with six pens per treatment): CON (basal diet), ANT (basal diet supplemented with 5 mg kg(-1) flavomycin) and HFC (basal diet supplemented with 6, 12, and 18 g kg(-1) HFC). The experimental lasted for 42 days. RESULTS The results revealed that the average daily gain [linear (L), P < 0.01; quadratic (Q), P < 0.01] of broilers increased when the HFC levels increased during the starter (days 1-21), finisher (days 22-42), and the overall experiment period (days 1 to 42). In the small intestinal digesta and the caecum digesta, the Escherichia coli count (L, P < 0.05; Q, P < 0.001) decreased while the Lactobacilli count (L, P < 0.01; Q, P < 0.001) and Bifidobacteria count (L, P < 0.001; Q, P < 0.001) increased when the HFC levels increased. The crude protein digestibility of broilers (L, P < 0.01; Q, P < 0.001) increased when the HFC levels increased. In the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of broilers, the villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio (L, P < 0.001; Q, P < 0.001) increased when the HFC levels increased. CONCLUSION Dietary supplementation with HFC increased gut Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria counts and inhibited E. coli growth, improved nutrient utilisation and intestine villus structure, and thus improved the growth of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Mei Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hui Song
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ya Li Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Shu Li Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Guo Dong Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Yun Yao Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
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38
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Sethiya NK. Review on Natural Growth Promoters Available for Improving Gut Health of Poultry: An Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajpsaj.2016.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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39
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Evaluating complementary effects of ethanol extract of propolis with the probiotic on growth performance, immune response and serum metabolites in male broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Wang Y, Yi L, Zhao ML, Wu JQ, Wang MY, Cheng XC. Effects of zinc-methionine on growth performance, intestinal flora and immune function in pigeon squabs. Br Poult Sci 2015; 55:403-8. [PMID: 24784175 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.919375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. Different concentrations of zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) were given to pigeon squabs, and the resulting effects on growth, immune functions and intestinal microflora were investigated from hatching to 28 d of age. A total of 180 artificially hatched pigeon squabs were randomly allotted to each of three treatments with three replicates of 20 squabs. The three treatments given were either one ml (2 mg/ml) Zn-Met, one ml (10 mg/ml) Zn-Met or one ml 0.9% NaCl solution. 2. The results showed that Zn-Met improved the growth performance of squabs. The average daily and average weekly weight gain was significantly greater in squabs treated with Zn-Met than in the control group. 3. The group given 2 and 10 mg supplemental Zn-Met had heavier thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius than the control group at d 28. 4. Maternal antibody titres against Newcastle disease haemagglutination inhibition and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase were significantly higher in squabs treated with supplemental 2 and 10 mg Zn-Met compared to the control group at d 14 and d 28. 5. Additionally, the squabs given supplemental 2 mg Zn-Met exhibited significantly higher Bacillaceae, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Bifidobacterium populations at d 14 and d 28, but lower Escherichia coli populations at d 28 compared to the control group. On the contrary, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Bifidobacterium populations were significantly decreased with 10 mg Zn-Met at d 28. 6. This study indicates that supplementation with Zn-Met has a positive effect on growth performance, immune function and regulation of intestinal flora in pigeons. An inclusion level of 2 mg seems to be better than 10 mg Zn-Met per day per bird.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
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41
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42
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Influence of fermentation concentrate of Hericium caput-medusae (Bull.:Fr.) Pers. on performance, antioxidant status, and meat quality in broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Guimarães JB, Dos Santos EC, Dias ES, Bertechini AG, da Silva Ávila CL, Dias FS. Performance and meat quality of broiler chickens that are fed diets supplemented with Agaricus brasiliensis mushrooms. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 46:1509-14. [PMID: 25169695 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This trial was performed to study the use of the mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis as an alternative additive to antimicrobial growth promoters in broiler chicken diets and to assess the quality of the broiler chicken breast meat of birds that are fed diets containing this fungus. Thus, 595 1-day-old chicks were reared in reused poultry litter without anticoccidial and antimicrobial additives. The results showed that a concentration of 1.6 g mushrooms/kg diet was ideal for these birds because it provided better bird performance. When the birds' immune system organs were analyzed, it was found that the addition of both mushrooms influenced the immune system organs of these broiler chickens. Adding A. brasiliensis to broiler chicken diets did not compromise breast meat quality.
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Waititu SM, Yitbarek A, Matini E, Echeverry H, Kiarie E, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Nyachoti CM. Effect of supplementing direct-fed microbials on broiler performance, nutrient digestibilities, and immune responses. Poult Sci 2014; 93:625-35. [PMID: 24604856 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct-fed microbials (DFM) are used to improve livestock health and performance. The effects of 2 DFM products, a blend of 3 Bacillus strains (DFMB) and a Propionibacteriumspp. (DFMP), on broiler performance, nutrient utilization, and immune responses were investigated. Day-old (n = 120) male broilers were divided into 24 groups of 5 birds and fed 3 wheat-based diets in mash form (8 groups per diet) from d 1 to 22. The control diet was fed without or with 7.5 × 10(4) cfu/g of either DFMB or DFMP. From d 19 to 21 fecal samples were collected for determination of total tract apparent retention (TTAR) of nutrients and AMEn. On d 21, feed intake and BW were determined. On d 22, 5 birds per treatment were killed by cervical dislocation to collect jejunal and ileal contents for determination of digesta viscosity and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients, respectively, and ileum, cecal tonsil, and spleen tissues for Toll-like receptors (TLR) and cytokine expressions. Compared with the control, DFM did not affect BW gain and feed intake but DFMP reduced G:F (P < 0.01). Compared with the control (2,875 kcal/kg), birds fed on DFMB and DFMP had higher AMEn (2,979 and 2,916 kcal/kg, respectively; P < 0.05), whereas both DFM reduced the AID of DM (P < 0.001) and CP (P < 0.01). Furthermore, DFMP reduced TTAR of NDF (29.0 vs. 18.4%; P < 0.001), whereas both DFM increased TTAR of DM and fat (P < 0.001). Supplementing DFMP downregulated ileal expression of TLR-2b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13, whereas DFMB downregulated TLR-2b, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 in all 3 tissues, IL-10 in the spleen, and upregulated IL-13 in the spleen. In conclusion, the DFM did not improve performance but increased the AMEn of diet by possibly increasing DM and fat retention. Overall, both DFM showed an antiinflammatory effect in the ileum, but DFMB had more effects on local and systemic immunity than DFMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Waititu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada
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Mookiah S, Sieo CC, Ramasamy K, Abdullah N, Ho YW. Effects of dietary prebiotics, probiotic and synbiotics on performance, caecal bacterial populations and caecal fermentation concentrations of broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:341-348. [PMID: 24037967 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In view of a worldwide attempt to restrict or ban the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal production, probiotics, prebiotics and combinations of both, as synbiotics, have been suggested as potential alternatives. In this study, the effects of a prebiotic (isomalto-oligosaccharides, IMO), a multi-strain probiotic (consisting of 11 Lactobacillus strains), and a combination of these dietary additives as a synbiotic on the performance, caecal bacterial populations and concentrations of caecal volatile fatty acids and non-volatile fatty acids of broiler chickens were evaluated. RESULTS Supplementation of 1g kg⁻¹ probiotic (PRO); 5 g kg⁻¹ prebiotic IMO (PRE05); 10 g kg⁻¹ prebiotic IMO (PRE10); synbiotic consisting of 1g kg⁻¹ probiotic + 5 g kg⁻¹ prebiotic IMO (SYN05); or synbiotic consisting of 1 g kg⁻¹ probiotic + 10 g kg⁻¹ prebiotic IMO (SYN10) significantly (P < 0.05) improved weight gain of broiler chickens at 22-42 and 1-42 days of age, and feed conversion rate from 1 to 21, 22-42 and 1-42 days of age. The supplementation of probiotic (PRO), prebiotics (PRE05 and PRE10) or synbiotics (SYN05 and SYN10) also significantly (P < 0.05) increased the caecal populations of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, and decreased the caecal Escherichia coli at 21 days of age, and increased the caecal VFA at 21 and 42 days of age. In all parameters studied, synbiotics did not show a two-fold synergistic effect, when compared to those of probiotic or prebiotic alone. CONCLUSION The results of the study indicated that prebiotic IMO (5 g kg⁻¹ or 10 g kg⁻¹), probiotic and their combinations as synbiotics were effective in improving the performance of broiler chickens and in increasing the caecal beneficial bacteria and fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saminathan Mookiah
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Oso A, Williams G, Jegede A, Sobayo R, Idowu O, Fafiolu A, Sogunle O, Akinola O, Adeleye O, Olorunsola I, Ogunade I, Osho S, Obadire F, Bamgbose A. Effect of combination of whole millet feeding and mannan oligossaccharides supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemistry and relative organ weights of growing guinea fowl (Numidia meleagris). Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Khan SH, Rehman A, Sardar R, Khawaja T. The effect of probiotic supplementation on the growth performance, blood biochemistry and immune response of reciprocal F1 crossbred (Rhode Island Red×Fayoumi) cockerels. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2013.792732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chen W, Wang JP, Yan L, Huang YQ. Evaluation of probiotics in diets with different nutrient densities on growth performance, blood characteristics, relative organ weight and breast meat characteristics in broilers. Br Poult Sci 2013; 54:635-41. [PMID: 24112072 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2013.825369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
1. A total of 720 1-d-old broilers were used in a 28 d experiment to determine the effects of probiotic supplementation in diets with different dietary nutrient densities. 2. Birds were randomly allotted to one of the 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (12 replicateswith 15 broilers per replicate) with two levels of nutrient density [high nutrient density (metabolisable energy (ME) 12.7 MJ/kg and crude protein (CP) 230.3 g/kg for 1-7 d; ME 13.2 MJ/kg and CP 220.3 g/kg for 8-28 d) or low nutrient density (ME 12.1 MJ/kg and CP 220.2 g/kg for 0-7 d; ME 12.6 MJ/kg and CP 209.8 g/kg for 8-28 d)] and 0 or 2 g/kg probiotics (1.0 × 10(10) viable spores/g of Bacillus subtilis endospores and 1.0 × 10(9) viable spores/g of Clostridium butyricum). 3. The high-nutrient-density diet increased body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration relative to the low-nutrient-density diet. High-nutrient-density diet reduced water loss ratio of breast muscle, liver and fat relative to body weight compared to low-nutrient density-diet. The inclusion of probiotics increased BWG and feed intake throughout the experiment. Dietary probiotics increased the percentage of blood lymphocytes and relative weight of spleen and bursa of Fabricius when compared to the non-probiotic treatment. The inclusion of probiotics decreased serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and lightness (L*) value of breast meat compared to the non-probiotic-supplemented diet. 4. In conclusion, high dietary nutrient density increased growth performance and serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in broiler chickens. The inclusion of probiotics increased growth performance but reduced serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. The positive effect of probiotic supplementation on growth performance was reduced by the high-nutrient-density diet during the first week of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- a College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou, Henan P.R. China
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Jayaraman S, Thangavel G, Kurian H, Mani R, Mukkalil R, Chirakkal H. Bacillus subtilis PB6 improves intestinal health of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis. Poult Sci 2013; 92:370-4. [PMID: 23300303 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an enterotoxemic disease caused by Clostridium perfringens that results in significant economic losses, averaging damage of $0.05 per bird. The present study investigated the influence of a dietary supplement, Bacillus subtilis PB6, on performance, intestinal health, and gut integrity against C. perfringens-induced NE in broiler birds. Bacillus subtilis PB6 (ATCC-PTA 6737) is a natural strain isolated from healthy chicken gut that has been shown in in vitro to produce antimicrobial substances with broad activity against various strains of Campylobacter and Clostridium species. The animal study was conducted on broiler chickens (Cobb 400) for the period of 35 d using a completely randomized design. The experimental design included 3 treatments groups. Each treatment group contained 6 replicates, 3 male and 3 female, with 12 birds in each replicate. The 3 treatment groups were an uninfected control, an infected control, and an infected group supplemented with B. subtilis PB6 at 500 g/t of feed, containing 5 × 10(11) cfu/kg. Necrotic enteritis was induced in the broiler birds via oral inoculation of 30,000 oocysts of mixed strains of Eimeria species on d 14 followed by C. perfringens (10(8) cfu/mL) on d 19 through 21 of trial. The birds were analyzed for BW gain, mortality, feed conversion ratio (FCR), intestinal lesion score, intestinal C. perfringens counts, and villus histomorphometry. The infected control group showed markedly thickened mucosa, hemorrhages, intestinal lesions, and ballooning of intestine. The supplementation of B. subtilis PB6 reduced the FCR (P < 0.05) and intestinal C. perfringens counts significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the infected control group. It was also observed that B. subtilis PB6 improved villi length by 10.88 and 30.46% (P < 0.05) compared with uninfected and infected control groups, respectively. The group supplemented with B. subtilis PB6 significantly (P < 0.05) increased the villi length to crypt depth ratio by 49.11% compared with the infected group. In conclusion, the supplementation of B. subtilis PB6 not only controlled C. perfringens-induced NE, but also improved intestinal health in the broiler birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathishkumar Jayaraman
- Kemin Industries South Asia Pvt. Ltd., No. 39, The Trapezium, Nelson Manickam Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600029, India.
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Amerah A, Quiles A, Medel P, Sánchez J, Lehtinen M, Gracia M. Effect of pelleting temperature and probiotic supplementation on growth performance and immune function of broilers fed maize/soy-based diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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