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Hsiao A, Struckmann V, Stephani V, Mmbando D, Changalucha J, Baisley K, Levin A, Morgan W, Hutubessy R, Watson-Jones D, Whitworth H, Quentin W. Costs of delivering human papillomavirus vaccination using a one- or two-dose strategy in Tanzania. Vaccine 2023; 41:372-379. [PMID: 36460537 PMCID: PMC9831118 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As part of the Dose Reduction Immunobridging and Safety Study of Two HPV Vaccines in Tanzanian Girls (DoRIS; NCT02834637), the current study is one of the first to evaluate the financial and economic costs of the national rollout of an HPV vaccination program in school-aged girls in sub-Saharan Africa and the potential costs associated with a single dose HPV vaccine program, given recent evidence suggesting that a single dose may be as efficacious as a two-dose regimen. METHODS The World Health Organization's (WHO) Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control Costing (C4P) micro-costing tool was used to estimate the total financial and economic costs of the national vaccination program from the perspective of the Tanzanian government. Cost data were collected in 2019 via surveys, workshops, and interviews with local stakeholders for vaccines and injection supplies, microplanning, training, sensitization, service delivery, supervision, and cold chain. The cost per two-dose and one-dose fully immunized girl (FIG) was calculated. RESULTS The total financial and economic costs were US$10,117,455 and US$45,683,204, respectively, at a financial cost of $5.17 per two-dose FIG, and an economic cost of $23.34 per FIG. Vaccine and vaccine-related costs comprised the largest proportion of costs, followed by service delivery. In a one-dose scenario, the cost per FIG reduced to $2.51 (financial) and $12.18 (economic), with the largest reductions in vaccine and injection supply costs, and service delivery. CONCLUSIONS The overall cost of Tanzania's HPV vaccination program was lower per vaccinee than costs estimated from previous demonstration projects in the region, especially in a single-dose scenario. Given the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization's recent recommendation to update dosing schedules to either one or two doses of the HPV vaccine, these data provide important baseline data for Tanzania and may serve as a guide for improving coverage going forward. The findings may also aid in the prioritization of funding for countries that have not yet added HPV vaccines to their routine immunizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Hsiao
- Department of Health Care Management, Berlin University of Technology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Verena Struckmann
- Department of Health Care Management, Berlin University of Technology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Stephani
- Department of Health Care Management, Berlin University of Technology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany; HelloBetter, Oranienburger Str. 86A, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Devis Mmbando
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit (MITU), Isamilo Street, P.O. Box 11936, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - John Changalucha
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit (MITU), Isamilo Street, P.O. Box 11936, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Kathy Baisley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Levin
- Levin & Morgan, LLC, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Raymond Hutubessy
- Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB) Department, World Health Organization (WHO), CH-1211 Geneva 27, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Watson-Jones
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit (MITU), Isamilo Street, P.O. Box 11936, Mwanza, Tanzania; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary Whitworth
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wilm Quentin
- Department of Health Care Management, Berlin University of Technology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Chitha W, Jafta Z, Mnyaka OR, Hongoro D, Godlimpi L, Swartbooi B, Williams N, Zungu C, Buthi L, Kuseni S, Nasila J, Sibulawa S, Giwu O, Mavimbela A, Essel V, Mabunda SA. Protocol of mixed-methods assessment of demographic, epidemiological and clinical profile of decentralised patients with cancer at Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital and Rob Ferreira Hospital, South Africa. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054983. [PMID: 35450901 PMCID: PMC9024264 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. However, cancer care services are often concentrated in urban centres. Two of South Africa's hospitals have decentralised cancer care delivery since February 2018 and August 2019, respectively. This study aims to describe the demographic, epidemiological and clinical profile of various cancers at Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital (NMAH) and Rob Ferreira Hospital (RFH), in South Africa's Eastern Cape and Mpumalanga provinces, respectively. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study will be conducted in the Eastern Cape and Mpumalanga provinces. A mixed-methods study design will be undertaken to gain insight on the characteristics of randomly sampled patients who are treated for cancer at NMAH and RFH between 1 March 2018 and 28 February 2022. A validated, researcher-administered survey questionnaire will be used to assess demographic characteristics, and prevalence of different cancers among patients. Concurrently, a document review will be undertaken on patients with cancer using a patient registry to ascertain the duration of diagnosis, type of cancer(s), management plan and patient survival time. STATA V.17 will be used for data analysis. The Shapiro-Wilk test will be used to explore the distribution of numerical variables. The χ2 or Fisher's exact tests will be used depending on the value of the expected frequencies to compare categorical variables. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates will be used to determine the survival time. Hazard ratios will be used to determine the predictors of death. The level of statistical significance will be set at p value ≤0.05. The 95% CI will be used for the precision of estimates. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committees of the University of the Witwatersrand (M210211) and Walter Sisulu University, South Africa (Ref: 040/2020). Findings will be reported through peer-reviewed journal(s), presentations at conferences and at partner meetings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wezile Chitha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Systems Enablement and Innovation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zukiswa Jafta
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Systems Enablement and Innovation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Onke R Mnyaka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Systems Enablement and Innovation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Economics, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Danleen Hongoro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Systems Enablement and Innovation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lizo Godlimpi
- Public Health, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Buyiswa Swartbooi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Systems Enablement and Innovation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Natasha Williams
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Systems Enablement and Innovation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Christopher Zungu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Systems Enablement and Innovation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lazola Buthi
- Oncology, Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Sibulelo Kuseni
- Oncology, Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - John Nasila
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Systems Enablement and Innovation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Statistics, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Siyabonga Sibulawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Systems Enablement and Innovation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Olona Giwu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Systems Enablement and Innovation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Awam Mavimbela
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Systems Enablement and Innovation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vivien Essel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Systems Enablement and Innovation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sikhumbuzo A Mabunda
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Mengistu A, Cherie N, Addisu E. Determinants of positive cervical cancer screening among
reproductive‐age
women in South Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e527. [PMID: 35284648 PMCID: PMC8893290 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is one of the reproductive organ cancers found in women which commonly arises from the cervix. It is the second most prevalent cancer among women in developing countries including Ethiopia. However, the association between positive cervical cancer screening and modifiable behavioral risk has not been well characterized in developing countries. Objective To identify determinants of positive cervical cancer screening among reproductive‐age women in the South Wollo Zone, Amhara region, northeast Ethiopia. Method An unmatched case‐control study design was conducted from January 28 to April 12, 2020 in the South Wollo Zone. Four hundred ten clients participated in the study with 82 cases 328 controls. Study subjects were selected by systematic random sampling. Data entered using Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 24. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was done. The adjusted odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to measure the strength and direction of the association and P‐value <.05 was declared as significant. Results A total of 410 study subjects have participated with a 100% response rate. The mean age of respondents was found to be 35.58 (±8.05) years. Study participants having a history of sexually transmitted infections (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.69, 95% CI [1.70‐8.01]), having poor knowledge about cervical cancer (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI [1.32‐4.02]) and two or more lifetime sexual partners of women and husbands (AOR = 2.80, 2.55, 95% CI [1.22‐6.44, 1.28‐5.06]) respectively were independent predictors of positive cervical cancer screening. Conclusion and recommendation Risk factors that determine positive cervical cancer screening were identified. Comprehensive strategies that are focused on addressing sexual behavior and knowledge gaps should be designed. Efforts on improving and cultivating those significant factors should be done by stakeholders to prevent cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkerim Mengistu
- Department of Public Health Amhara Regional Health Bureau Bahir Dar Ethiopia
| | - Niguss Cherie
- Reproductive and Family Health Department School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University Dessie Ethiopia
| | - Elsabeth Addisu
- Reproductive and Family Health Department School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University Dessie Ethiopia
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Kuehnle E, Siggelkow W, Luebbe K, Schrader I, Noeding KH, Noeding S, Noesselt T, Hillemanns P, Dörk T, Park-Simon TW. First Prospective Cross-Sectional Study on the Impact of Immigration Background and Education in Early Detection of Breast Cancer. Breast Care (Basel) 2021; 16:516-522. [PMID: 34720811 DOI: 10.1159/000511654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although immigrant health is an important issue in national health policy, there is a serious shortage of data in many countries. Most studies lack information on educational status, which is a major limitation. This prospective cross-sectional study analyzed a real-world breast cancer population on the influence of immigration background and educational status on participation in breast cancer early detection programs in the federal state of Lower Saxony, Germany. Methods Data collection was conducted from 2012 to 2016 in six certified breast cancer centers using a standardized questionnaire for patients' interview and tumor-specific data from the patients' medical records. Results 2,145/3,047 primary breast cancer cases were analyzed. 17.5% of our patients had a history of immigration, including n = 202 first-generation immigrants and n = 168 second-generation immigrants. Most of them were citizens of EU27 member states. No significant difference was seen in age, tumor stage, histology, grading, Ki-67, Her2/neu-status, and hormone receptor status compared to the native cohort. 100% participation rate in the breast cancer early detection programs were seen in patients with no school graduation. With regards to the national mammography screening program, participation decreased significantly with educational status (p = 0.0003). Conclusions No tumor biological differences were seen between immigrants and German natives. In first-generation immigrants, early detection programs were well accepted despite sociocultural and language differences. Participation rate decreased significantly with higher education levels irrespective of country of origin. Immigration background does not have a negative effect on the participation in breast cancer screening. This mainly relates to immigrants from EU27 member states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elna Kuehnle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wulf Siggelkow
- DIAKOVERE Henriettenstift, Breast Center, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Iris Schrader
- DIAKOVERE Henriettenstift, Breast Center, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Peter Hillemanns
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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5
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Khan W, Augustine D, Rao RS, Patil S, Awan KH, Sowmya SV, Haragannavar VC, Prasad K. Lipid metabolism in cancer: A systematic review. J Carcinog 2021; 20:4. [PMID: 34321955 PMCID: PMC8312377 DOI: 10.4103/jcar.jcar_15_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies and clinical trials have emphasized the decisive role of lipid metabolism in tumor proliferation and metastasis. This systematic review aimed to explore the existing literature to evaluate the role and significance of the genes and pathways most commonly involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer. The literature search was performed as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. Approximately 2396 research articles were initially selected, of which 215 were identified as potentially relevant for abstract review. Upon further scrutiny, 62 of the 215 studies were reviews, seminars, or presentations, and 44 were original study articles and were thus included in the systematic review. The predominant gene involved in lipid metabolism in cancer was stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), followed by fatty acid synthase (FASN). The pathway most commonly involved in lipid metabolism in cancer was the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway, followed by the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. SCD1 and FASN play significant roles in the initiation and progression of cancer and represent attractive targets for potentially effective anti-cancer treatment strategies. The regulation of cancer metabolism by the Akt kinases will be an interesting topic of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Khan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dominic Augustine
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Roopa S Rao
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamran Habib Awan
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, Utah, United States
| | - Samudrala Venkatesiah Sowmya
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vanishri C Haragannavar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kavitha Prasad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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6
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Nejatinamini S, Godley J, Minaker LM, Sajobi TT, McCormack GR, Cooke MJ, Nykiforuk CIJ, de Koning L, Olstad DL. Quantifying the contribution of modifiable risk factors to socio-economic inequities in cancer morbidity and mortality: a nationally representative population-based cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1498-1511. [PMID: 33846746 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with those with a higher socio-economic position (SEP), individuals with a lower SEP have higher cancer morbidity and mortality. However, the contribution of modifiable risk factors to these inequities is not known. This study aimed to quantify the mediating effects of modifiable risk factors to associations between SEP and cancer morbidity and mortality. METHODS This study used a prospective observational cohort design. We combined eight cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (2000/2001-2011) as baseline data to identify a cohort of adults (≥35 years) without cancer at the time of survey administration (n = 309 800). The cohort was linked to the Discharge Abstract Database and the Canadian Mortality Database for cancer morbidity and mortality ascertainment. Individuals were followed from the date they completed the Canadian Community Health Survey until 31 March 2013. Dates of individual first hospitalizations for cancer and deaths due to cancer were captured during this time period. SEP was operationalized using a latent variable combining measures of education and household income. Self-reported modifiable risk factors, including smoking, excess alcohol consumption, low fruit-and-vegetable intake, physical inactivity and obesity, were considered as potential mediators. Generalized structural equation modelling was used to estimate the mediating effects of modifiable risk factors in associations between low SEP and cancer morbidity and mortality in the total population and stratified by sex. RESULTS Modifiable risk factors together explained 45.6% of associations between low SEP and overall cancer morbidity and mortality. Smoking was the most important mediator in the total population and for males, accounting for 15.5% and 40.2% of the total effect, respectively. For females, obesity was the most important mediator. CONCLUSIONS Modifiable risk factors are important mediators of socio-economic inequities in cancer morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, more than half of the variance in these associations remained unexplained. Midstream interventions that target modifiable risk factors may help to alleviate inequities in cancer risk in the short term. However, ultimately, upstream interventions that target structural determinants of health are needed to reduce overall socio-economic inequities in cancer morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nejatinamini
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jenny Godley
- Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Leia M Minaker
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Tolulope T Sajobi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Martin J Cooke
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lawrence de Koning
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dana Lee Olstad
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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7
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Cha EY, Chun H. Barriers and Challenges to Cervical Cancer Screening, Follow-Up, and Prevention Measures among Korean Immigrant Women in Hawaii. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2021; 8:132-138. [PMID: 33688561 PMCID: PMC7934592 DOI: 10.4103/2347-5625.308302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite being the fastest-growing population in the United States, Asian American women have one of the lowest cancer screening rates and the least attention given to cancer-related research. Cervical cancer screening disparities among Korean immigrant women (KIWs) in Hawaii have been reported. METHODS The qualitative ethnographic study was to explore the health barriers and challenges of cervical cancer prevention among KIWs in Hawaii. The Social Ecological Model was used to guide the study. Data were collected using individual structured interviews with 20 KIWs aged 21-65 years. The data were coded and analyzed to identify themes in exploring health barriers. RESULTS The findings revealed that participants (a) lacked knowledge about the U.S. health-care system; (b) lacked access; (c) had limited resources regarding cervical cancer screening communicated in Korean; (d) lacked an understanding of cultural and psychosocial beliefs on preventive care; (e) lacked female and Korean-speaking providers; and (f) experienced language barriers and limited coverage of health insurance. CONCLUSIONS A multicomponent intervention combining individual and community-based, Internet-accessible, culturally, and linguistically appropriate approaches may enhance effective cervical cancer screening rates and positive health outcomes among KIWs in Hawaii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eurina Yujin Cha
- School of Nursing and Health Professions, Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Hans Chun
- School of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI, USA
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8
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Safarpour-Dehkordi M, Doosti A, Jami MS. Impacts of the Staphylococcal Enterotoxin H on the Apoptosis and lncRNAs in PC3 and ACHN. MOLECULAR GENETICS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2021; 35:180-188. [PMID: 33500599 PMCID: PMC7818696 DOI: 10.3103/s0891416820030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered as the most lethal disease for human beings, and up to now many attempts were failed for prevention and treatment of this tremendous health problem. Consequently, this study purpose was to investigate novel therapeutic methods for cancer. The bacterial toxin can result in cell death throughout the induction of apoptosis in cancer cell lines. We evaluated apoptosis and the expression levels of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in PC3, ACHN and HDF cell lines that were transfected with pCDNA3.1(+)-seh and empty plasmid. pCDNA3.1(+)-seh treatment showed overexpression of GAS5 (p = 0.0033 and p = 0.0033) in PC3 and ACHN cells, down regulation of PCA3 and NEAT1 (p = 0.0092 and p = 0.0097) in the PC3 cells, and down regulation of PVT1 and MALAT1 (p = 0.0239 and p = 0.0133) in the ACHN cells in comparison with the empty plasmid, but there was no significant effect on HDF normal cells. Additionally, this study data demonstrated that the cell adhesion was down regulated. The flow cytometry data showed transfection by pCDNA3.1 (+)-seh could elevate PC3 and ACHN cell apoptosis levels in comparison with empty plasmid. This study findings propose that SEH toxin of S. aureus could be a useful candidate for therapeutic researches in cancer vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Safarpour-Dehkordi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - A Doosti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - M S Jami
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, CA 90095 Los Angeles (UCLA), United States.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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9
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Park N, Pandey K, Chang SK, Kwon AY, Cho YB, Hur J, Katwal NB, Kim SK, Lee SA, Son GW, Jo JM, Ahn HJ, Moon YW. Preclinical platform for long-term evaluation of immuno-oncology drugs using hCD34+ humanized mouse model. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001513. [PMID: 33239416 PMCID: PMC7689593 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-characterized preclinical models are essential for immune-oncology research. We investigated the feasibility of our humanized mouse model for evaluating the long-term efficacy of immunotherapy and biomarkers. METHODS Humanized mice were generated by injecting human fetal cord blood-derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells to NOD-scid IL2rγnull (NSG) mice myeloablated with irradiation or busulfan. The humanization success was defined as a 25% or higher ratio of human CD45+ cells to mice peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS Busulfan was ultimately selected as the appropriate myeloablative method because it provided a higher success rate of humanization (approximately 80%) and longer survival time (45 weeks). We proved the development of functional T cells by demonstrating the anticancer effect of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor in our humanized mice but not in non-humanized NSG mice. After confirming the long-lasting humanization state (45 weeks), we further investigated the response durability of the PD-1 inhibitor and biomarkers in our humanized mice. Early increase in serum tumor necrosis factor α levels, late increase in serum interleukin 6 levels and increase in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes correlated more with a durable response over 60 days than with a non-durable response. CONCLUSIONS Our CD34+ humanized mouse model is the first in vivo platform for testing the long-term efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies and biomarkers, given that none of the preclinical models has ever been evaluated for such a long duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahee Park
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kamal Pandey
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sei Kyung Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ah-Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young Bin Cho
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Nar Bahadur Katwal
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seung Ki Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seung Ah Lee
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Gun Woo Son
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jong Min Jo
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Ahn
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yong Wha Moon
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
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10
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Nguyen TXT, Han M, Ki M, Kim YA, Oh JK. The Economic Burden of Cancers Attributable to Infection in the Republic of Korea: A Prevalence-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207592. [PMID: 33086534 PMCID: PMC7593934 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Infection is a major cause of cancers. We estimated the economic burden of cancers attributable to infection in 2014 in Korea, where cancer causing infection is prevalent, but the economic burden of it has never been examined. Cancer patients were defined as those having made medical claims as recorded by the National Health Insurance Service, which is a mandatory insurance for all citizen. We multiplied the costs by the population-attributable fraction for each type of cancer. The study included direct and indirect costs, where direct costs comprised direct medical and non-medical costs of inpatients and outpatients, while indirect costs were estimated by identifying future income loss due to premature death, productivity loss during hospitalization/outpatient visits, and job loss. In 2014, there were 100,054 infection-related cancer patients, accounting for 10.7% of all Korean cancer cases for that year. Direct costs of cancers associated with infection stood at nearly USD 676.9 million, while indirect costs were much higher at USD 2.57 billion. The average expenditure of a typical patient was USD 32,435. Economic burden of cancers attributable to infection is substantial in Korea, accounting for 0.23% of the national gross domestic product and 1.36% of national healthcare expenditure in 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Xuan Trinh Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 410-769, Korea; (T.X.T.N.); (M.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Minji Han
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 410-769, Korea; (T.X.T.N.); (M.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Moran Ki
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 410-769, Korea; (T.X.T.N.); (M.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Young Ae Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 410-769, Korea;
| | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 410-769, Korea; (T.X.T.N.); (M.H.); (M.K.)
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 410-769, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-319-202-921
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11
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Ossami Saidy RR, Demir M, Nibbe P, Dobrindt EM, Oellinger R, Schoening W, Pratschke J, Eurich D. Self-limited HBV infection of the recipient does not reactivate after liver transplantation: Observations from a 30-year liver transplant program. Transpl Infect Dis 2020; 23:e13436. [PMID: 32748492 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A self-limited hepatitis B infection can reactivate in patients under immunosuppression or chemotherapy (reappearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or HBV-DNA). Exact circumstances of HBV reactivation in patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) for end-stage liver diseases (ESLD) unrelated to HBV are unknown, and recommendations on HBV prophylaxis remain unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS Among 1273 liver transplants, 168 patients with a self-limited HBV hepatitis B infection prior to LT were identified from our prospective liver transplant database. Patients with underlying chronic HBV infection and recipients of an anti-HBc-positive liver were not included in the analysis. Demographic, laboratory, serological, and virological data were analyzed retrospectively. Appearance of HBsAg or HBV-DNA was defined as reactivation. RESULTS The median follow-up after LT was 12.0 years (0.6-30.7 years). The rate of HBV reactivation was 0% independent of antiviral prophylaxis (n = 7; 4.2%), the etiology of ESLD, hepatitis C treatment, or the anti-HBs concentration. The overall patient survival with a history of a self-limited HBV infection before LT did not significantly differ from the rest of the cohort. CONCLUSION Antiviral treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues post-liver transplantation in order to prevent HBV reactivation in patients with a resolved self-limited hepatitis B infection prior to LT seems to be omittable since the main viral reservoir is removed by the hepatectomy. These findings may clarify the current uncertainty in the recommendations regarding the risk of HBV reactivation in patients with self-limited hepatitis B prior to LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Ossami Saidy
- Department of Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Muenevver Demir
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology CVK/CCM, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pauline Nibbe
- Department of Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Dobrindt
- Department of Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Oellinger
- Department of Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenzel Schoening
- Department of Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Department of Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Eurich
- Department of Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Rasmussen JF, Siersma V, Malmqvist J, Brodersen J. Psychosocial consequences of false positives in the Danish Lung Cancer CT Screening Trial: a nested matched cohort study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034682. [PMID: 32503869 PMCID: PMC7279658 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer CT screening can reduce lung cancer mortality, but high false-positive rates may cause adverse psychosocial consequences. The aim was to analyse the psychosocial consequences of false-positive lung cancer CT screening using the lung cancer screening-specific questionnaire, Consequences of Screening in Lung Cancer (COS-LC). DESIGN AND SETTING This study was a matched cohort study, nested in the randomised Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial (DLCST). PARTICIPANTS Our study included all 130 participants in the DLCST with positive CT results in screening rounds 2-5, who had completed the COS-LC questionnaire. Participants were split into a true-positive and a false-positive group and were then matched 1:2 with a control group (n=248) on sex, age (±3 years) and the time of screening for the positive CT groups or clinic visit for the control group. The true positives and false positives were also matched 1:2 with participants with negative CT screening results (n=252). PRIMARY OUTCOMES Primary outcomes were psychosocial consequences measured at five time points. RESULTS False positives experienced significantly more negative psychosocial consequences in seven outcomes at 1 week and in three outcomes at 1 month compared with the control group and the true-negative group (mean ∆ score >0 and p<0.001). True positives experienced significantly more negative psychosocial consequences in one outcome at 1 week (mean ∆ score 2.86 (95% CI 1.01 to 4.70), p=0.0024) and in five outcomes at 1 month (mean ∆ score >0 and p<0.004) compared with the true-negative group and the control group. No long-term psychosocial consequences were identified either in false positives or true positives. CONCLUSIONS Receiving a false-positive result in lung cancer screening was associated with negative short-term psychosocial consequences. These findings contribute to the evidence on harms of screening and should be taken into account when considering implementation of lung cancer screening programmes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00496977.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Fraes Rasmussen
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Volkert Siersma
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jessica Malmqvist
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Primary Health Care Research Unit, Region Zealand, Region Zealand, Denmark
| | - John Brodersen
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Primary Health Care Research Unit, Region Zealand, Region Zealand, Denmark
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13
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Jensen MD, Siersma V, Rasmussen JF, Brodersen J. Direct and indirect healthcare costs of lung cancer CT screening in Denmark: a registry study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e031768. [PMID: 31969362 PMCID: PMC7045232 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A study based on the Danish Randomised Controlled Lung Cancer Screening Trial (DLCST) calculated the healthcare costs of lung cancer screening by comparing costs in an intervention group with a control group. Participants in both groups, however, experienced significantly increased negative psychosocial consequences after randomisation. Substantial participation bias has also been documented: The DLCST participants reported fewer negative psychosocial aspects and experienced better living conditions compared with the random sample. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively analyse the costs of lung cancer CT screening and to determine whether invitations to mass screening alter the utilisation of the healthcare system resulting in indirect costs. Healthcare utilisation and costs are analysed in the primary care sector (general practitioner psychologists, physiotherapists, other specialists, drugs) and the secondary care sector (emergency room contacts, outpatient visits, hospitalisation days, surgical procedures and non-surgical procedures). DESIGN To account for bias in the original trial, the costs and utilisation of healthcare by participants in DLCST were compared with a new reference group, selected in the period from randomisation (2004-2006) until 2014. SETTING Four Danish national registers. PARTICIPANTS DLCST included 4104 current or former heavy smokers, randomly assigned to the CT group or the control group. The new reference group comprised a random sample of 535 current or former heavy smokers in the general Danish population who were never invited to participate in a cancer screening test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Total healthcare costs including costs and utilisation of healthcare in both the primary and the secondary care sector. RESULTS Compared with the reference group, the participants in both the CT group (offered annual CT screening, lung function test and smoking counselling) and the control group (offered annual lung function test and smoking counselling) had significantly increased total healthcare costs, calculated at 60% and 48% respectively. The increase in costs was caused by increased use of healthcare in both the primary and the secondary sectors. CONCLUSION CT screening leads to 60% increased total healthcare costs. Such increase would raise the expected annual healthcare cost per participant from EUR 2348 to EUR 3756. Cost analysis that only includes costs directly related to the CT scan and follow-up procedures most likely underestimates total costs. Our data show that the increased costs are not limited to the secondary sector. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00496977.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Dahl Jensen
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Volkert Siersma
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Fraes Rasmussen
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Brodersen
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Primary Healthcare Research Unit, Zealand Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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A chronic hepatitis B patient infected with HBsAg diagnostic-escape strain in the presence of anti-HBs positivity. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2019-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important pathogen responsible for serious diseases like chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Turkey is located in the intermediate endemic region based on the average HBV surface antigen positivity. The high replication capacity of HBV and the lack of proofreading activity of the reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme makes the virus prone to mutations. In this study, S gene mutation which is detected in a chronic HBV case without any follow-up and treatment is presented. Although patient was HBsAg negative and anti-HBs positive in the examinations, the mutation analysis was performed upon the high level of HBV DNA load and sG145R (vaccine escape) mutation in S gene region and rtI169F, rtV173L, rtA181G and rtT184R mutations in pol gene region were detected. S gene region mutations may cause false negatives in diagnostic assays that detect HBsAg. At the same time, it is a public health problem because these HBV variants can also be transmitted by vertical and horizontal routes. Therefore, when atypical serological profiles are encountered, it is of utmost importance to remember S gene mutations and perform necessary analyses.
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Shen MJ, Prigerson HG, Ratshikana-Moloko M, Mmoledi K, Ruff P, Jacobson JS, Neugut AI, Amanfu J, Cubasch H, Wong M, Joffe M, Blanchard C. Illness Understanding and End-of-Life Care Communication and Preferences for Patients With Advanced Cancer in South Africa. J Glob Oncol 2019; 4:1-9. [PMID: 30241251 PMCID: PMC6223439 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.17.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The understanding of patients with cancer of their condition and their wishes regarding care as they approach end of life (EoL) have been studied more in high-income countries than in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Patients and Methods Data were analyzed from a cohort study (N = 221) of patients with advanced cancer who were recruited from a palliative care center in Soweto, South Africa (LMIC), between May 2016 and June 2017. Patients were asked about their understanding of their illness, estimated life expectancy, EoL care communication, and EoL care preferences. Results Only 13 patients (5.9%) acknowledged that they were terminally ill; nine patients (4.1%) estimated accurately that they had months, not years, left to live. A total of 216 patients (97.7%) reported that they had not had an EoL care discussion with their physician, and 170 patients (76.9%) did not want to know their prognosis even if the doctor knew it. Most patients preferred comfort care (72.9%; n = 161) to life-extending care (14.0%; n = 31), and did not want to be kept alive using extreme measures (80.5%; n = 178) or have their doctors do everything possible to extend their lives (78.3%; n = 173). Finally, 127 patients (57.5%) preferred to die at home, and 51 (23.1%) preferred to die in the hospital. Most patients (81.0%; n = 179) had funeral plans. Conclusion South African patients demonstrated less awareness of the fact that they were terminally ill, were less likely to have discussed their prognosis with their doctor, and more strongly preferred comfort care to life-extending EoL care than US and other LMIC patients in prior research. These differences highlight the need for culturally appropriate, patient-centered EoL care for South African patients with advanced cancer as well as to determine individual preferences and needs in all EoL settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Johnson Shen
- Megan Johnson Shen and Holly G. Prigerson, Weill Cornell Medical College; Judith S. Jacobson and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York; Jamila Amanfu, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Michelle Wong, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, University of Witwatersrand; and Michelle Wong, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital; and Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Holly G Prigerson
- Megan Johnson Shen and Holly G. Prigerson, Weill Cornell Medical College; Judith S. Jacobson and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York; Jamila Amanfu, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Michelle Wong, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, University of Witwatersrand; and Michelle Wong, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital; and Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko
- Megan Johnson Shen and Holly G. Prigerson, Weill Cornell Medical College; Judith S. Jacobson and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York; Jamila Amanfu, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Michelle Wong, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, University of Witwatersrand; and Michelle Wong, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital; and Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Keletso Mmoledi
- Megan Johnson Shen and Holly G. Prigerson, Weill Cornell Medical College; Judith S. Jacobson and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York; Jamila Amanfu, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Michelle Wong, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, University of Witwatersrand; and Michelle Wong, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital; and Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paul Ruff
- Megan Johnson Shen and Holly G. Prigerson, Weill Cornell Medical College; Judith S. Jacobson and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York; Jamila Amanfu, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Michelle Wong, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, University of Witwatersrand; and Michelle Wong, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital; and Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Judith S Jacobson
- Megan Johnson Shen and Holly G. Prigerson, Weill Cornell Medical College; Judith S. Jacobson and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York; Jamila Amanfu, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Michelle Wong, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, University of Witwatersrand; and Michelle Wong, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital; and Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Megan Johnson Shen and Holly G. Prigerson, Weill Cornell Medical College; Judith S. Jacobson and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York; Jamila Amanfu, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Michelle Wong, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, University of Witwatersrand; and Michelle Wong, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital; and Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jamila Amanfu
- Megan Johnson Shen and Holly G. Prigerson, Weill Cornell Medical College; Judith S. Jacobson and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York; Jamila Amanfu, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Michelle Wong, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, University of Witwatersrand; and Michelle Wong, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital; and Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Herbert Cubasch
- Megan Johnson Shen and Holly G. Prigerson, Weill Cornell Medical College; Judith S. Jacobson and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York; Jamila Amanfu, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Michelle Wong, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, University of Witwatersrand; and Michelle Wong, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital; and Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michelle Wong
- Megan Johnson Shen and Holly G. Prigerson, Weill Cornell Medical College; Judith S. Jacobson and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York; Jamila Amanfu, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Michelle Wong, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, University of Witwatersrand; and Michelle Wong, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital; and Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maureen Joffe
- Megan Johnson Shen and Holly G. Prigerson, Weill Cornell Medical College; Judith S. Jacobson and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York; Jamila Amanfu, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Michelle Wong, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, University of Witwatersrand; and Michelle Wong, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital; and Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Charmaine Blanchard
- Megan Johnson Shen and Holly G. Prigerson, Weill Cornell Medical College; Judith S. Jacobson and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York; Jamila Amanfu, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Michelle Wong, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, University of Witwatersrand; and Michelle Wong, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital; and Mpho Ratshikana-Moloko, Keletso Mmoledi, Paul Ruff, Herbert Cubasch, Maureen Joffe, and Charmaine Blanchard, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Ribeiro N, Moreira L, Almeida AMP, Santos-Silva F. Can Smartphones Promote Cancer Prevention Behaviours in Healthy Young Adults? A Prospective Study. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2019; 34:847-853. [PMID: 29931456 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-018-1382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer prevention should start as early as possible. Young adults would benefit largely from the use of a smartphone app aiming at promoting cancer prevention behaviours. The aims of the study described in this paper are to (1) examine the user participation and engagement with a cancer prevention app in real-life settings and (2) assess changes in the users' cancer prevention behaviours. A cancer prevention smartphone app called Happy was developed and released to the general population. Data from registered app users' (N = 3326) demographics and baseline cancer prevention behaviours was analysed. App engagement was measured and all behaviour data logged through the app was analysed to assess the effectiveness of the app in the promotion of cancer prevention behaviours. User demographics and baseline behaviour assessment show that the app reached its intended target population: young adults that generally do not comply with cancer prevention guidelines. Logged behavioural data showed an increased frequency in several cancer prevention behaviours and a significant increase in the overall putative cancer prevention level (p < 0.001). However, user engagement with the app was limited and might condition the long-term impact of such changes. Happy reached its intended population and seems to be an effective tool to promote cancer prevention. Further research is needed to fully assess its long-term persuasive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Ribeiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- Ipatimup, Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Departamento de Comunicação e Arte, DigiMedia, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Luís Moreira
- RECI - Research in Education and Community Intervention, Escola Superior de Saúde Jean Piaget de Vila Nova de Gaia, Instituto Piaget, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Filipe Santos-Silva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- Ipatimup, Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Jin J, Xu H, Wu R, Gao N, Wu N, Li S, Niu J. Identification of key genes and pathways associated with different immune statuses of hepatitis B virus infection. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7474-7489. [PMID: 31565863 PMCID: PMC6815815 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify key genes and pathways associated with different immune statuses of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The gene expression and DNA methylation profiles were analysed in different immune statuses of HBV infection. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified, followed by their functional and integrative analyses. The differential expression of IgG Fc receptors (FcγRs) in chronic HBV-infected patients and immune cells during different stages of HBV infection was investigated. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling pathway (including TLR6) and leucocyte transendothelial migration pathway (including integrin subunit beta 1) were enriched during acute infection. Key DEGs, such as FcγR Ib and FcγR Ia, and interferon-alpha inducible protein 27 showed correlation with alanine aminotransferase levels, and they were differentially expressed between acute and immune-tolerant phases and between immune-tolerant and immune-clearance phases. The integrative analysis of DNA methylation profile showed that lowly methylated and highly expressed genes, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 were enriched in T cell receptor signalling pathway during acute infection. Highly methylated and lowly expressed genes, such as Ras association domain family member 1 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A were identified in chronic infection. Furthermore, differentially expressed FcγR Ia, FcγR IIa and FcγR IIb, CD3- CD56+ CD16+ natural killer cells and CD14high CD16+ monocytes were identified between immune-tolerant and immune-clearance phases by experimental validation. The above genes and pathways may be used to distinguish different immune statuses of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglan Jin
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongqin Xu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Changchun, China
| | - Ruihong Wu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Changchun, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Wu
- Lanshan People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetics Laboratory, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Changchun, China
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Drummond FJ, Reidy M, von Wagner C, Livingstone V, Drennan J, Murphy M, Fowler C, Saab MM, O'Mahony M, Hegarty J. Health Literacy Influences Men's Active and Passive Cancer Information Seeking. Health Lit Res Pract 2019; 3:e147-e160. [PMID: 31410385 PMCID: PMC6685514 DOI: 10.3928/24748307-20190430-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: For cancer prevention information to be effective, it must be accessible to its target populations. Prevalence of inadequate health literacy (HL) is high, but there is a dearth of information on the impact of HL on men's cancer information seeking. Objective: We investigated (1) men's cancer information seeking behaviors, (2) the effect of HL on men's cancer information seeking behavior, and (3) men's preferences for cancer information, considering their HL level. From a national perspective, we investigated men's information seeking behavior from the Irish Cancer Society (ICS), the largest provider of cancer information in Ireland. Methods: Men from adult literacy classes and men's groups were invited to complete a questionnaire. General and ICS-specific cancer information seeking behavior was investigated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted with “ever” seeking cancer information from any source, and actively seeking and passively acquiring ICS information as dependent variables. Key Results: Overall, 259 men completed the questionnaire and 44% had inadequate HL. About one-half of responders reported “ever” actively looking for cancer information. In the study group, 19% actively sought and 67% passively acquired ICS-specific information. In multivariate analysis, the odds of actively seeking (2.93; 95% CI [1.05, 8.15]) or passively acquiring (4.7; 95% CI [1.99, 11.05]) ICS-specific cancer information was significantly higher among those with adequate versus inadequate HL, respectively. HL was not significantly associated with odds of “ever” cancer information seeking in multivariate analysis (odds ratio 1.81; 95% CI [0.90, 3.63]). Men want information about cancer prevention. Suggested future cancer information sources differed by HL levels. General practitioners and the Internet were the preferred source for men with inadequate (53.3%) and adequate HL (57%), respectively. Conclusions: Men both passively acquire and actively seek cancer prevention information. Multimodal dissemination of cancer prevention information is necessary to reach a wide cross-section of men, including those with inadequate HL. This could potentially lower men's cancer burden and reduce gender inequalities in cancer mortality. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2019;3(3):e147–e160.] Plain Language Summary: Most men get cancer prevention information by coming across it passively in their daily lives, instead of actively looking for this information. Men with low health literacy are less likely to obtain cancer information both passively and actively. Men want this information. Organizations need to make this information available in many places and formats (e.g., Internet, doctor, television, sports clubs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances J. Drummond
- Address correspondence to Frances J. Drummond, PhD, Cancer Research @ UCC, 4th Floor, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland T12 XF62;
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Kumar S, Sharma D, Narasimhan B, Ramasamy K, Shah SAA, Lim SM, Mani V. Computational approaches: discovery of GTPase HRas as prospective drug target for 1,3-diazine scaffolds. BMC Chem 2019; 13:96. [PMID: 31355369 PMCID: PMC6659553 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic 1,3-diazine nucleus is a valuable pharmacophore in the field of medicinal chemistry and exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities. PharmMapper, a robust online tool used for establishing the target proteins based on reverse pharmacophore mapping. PharmMapper study is carried out to explore the pharmacological activity of 1,3-diazine derivatives using reverse docking program. PharmMapper, an open web server was used to recognize for all the feasible target proteins for the developed compounds through reverse pharmacophore mapping. The results were analyzed via molecular docking with maestro v11.5 (Schrodinger 2018-1) using GTPase HRas as possible target. The molecular docking studies displayed the binding behavior of 1,3-diazine within GTP binding pocket. From the docking study compounds s3 and s14 showed better docked score with anticancer potency against cancer cell line (HCT116). Hence, the GTPase HRas may be the possible target of 1,3-diazine derivatives for their anticancer activity where the retrieved information may be quite useful for developing rational drug designing. Furthermore the selected 1,3-diazine compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against murine macrophages cell line. 1,3-Diazine compounds exhibited good selectivity of the compounds towards the human colorectal carcinoma cell line instead of the murine macrophages. The toxicity study of the most active compounds was also performed on non cancerous HEK-293 cell line.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Kumar
- 1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- 1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 India
| | | | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia.,3Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia.,4Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia.,3Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- 5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Roquette R, Painho M, Nunes B. Geographical patterns of the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in mainland Portugal municipalities (2007-2011). BMC Cancer 2019; 19:512. [PMID: 31142284 PMCID: PMC6542026 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. In Portugal, colorectal cancer is one of the most incident cancers; thus, it is crucial to act to fight it. Knowledge of the geographical distribution of the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer can facilitate the execution of these actions and make them more effective. Methods Our paper aims to describe and discuss the geographical patterns of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in mainland Portugal municipalities (2007–2011). We used the Besag, York and Mollié (BYM) model to compute the relative risk (RR) and posterior probability (PP). We performed a cluster analysis with Global Moran’s Index and Local Moran’s Index (LISA). We ran a geographically weighted regression (GWR) to compare incidence and mortality patterns. Results Incidence and mortality have different distributions of RR values. The interval of RR concerning incidence was higher than the interval of RR concerning mortality. PP values reinforce the finding of higher heterogeneity of the incidence of colorectal cancer. The comparison of the cluster maps for incidence and mortality shows a few municipalities classified with the same cluster type in both maps. Additionally, the GWR results show that the percentage of RR mortality explained by RR incidence differs throughout mainland Portugal. From the comparison of our results with the prevalence of risk factors (at NUTS II level), the need to be aware of smoking habits, alcohol consumption and the unhealthy diet of the Portuguese population stands out. Conclusions There are differences in the geographical distribution of the RR incidence and RR mortality of colorectal cancer in mainland Portugal municipalities. Likewise, it is relevant to highlight the cluster of two municipalities with high RR values concerning colorectal cancer’s incidence and mortality. Future research is necessary to explain the geographical differences in the distribution of colorectal cancer in mainland Portugal municipalities. Based on our findings, it may be interesting to examine the influence of smoking, alcohol consumption, diet and screening on colorectal cancer in greater detail. Additionally, it may be relevant to develop an analysis focused on municipalities where the incidence values explain the mortality values poorly (or well). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5719-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Roquette
- NOVA IMS Information Management School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1099-085, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Department of Epidemiology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - M Painho
- NOVA IMS Information Management School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1099-085, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - B Nunes
- Department of Epidemiology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, Lisbon, 1600-560, Portugal
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Park J, Kim H, Yang W, Lee H, Park SM. Cervical Cancer Screening and Its Associated Factors Among North Korean Defectors Living in South Korea. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 20:66-72. [PMID: 27738961 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
North Korean defectors (NKD) have many health problems related to insufficient nutrition, trauma from escaping, and being exposed to infectious diseases, but little research exists on their cancer screening. A total of 638 NKD participated in this cross-sectional survey. South Korean natives (SKN) who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V were selected using age matching to each NKD. Fisher's exact tests and logistic regression were used for data analysis. The cervical cancer screening rate of NKD was significantly lower than for SKN (42 and 70 %, respectively; P < .001). The adjusted proportions of cervical cancer screening for NKD in all age groups under 60 years (P < .01) and having education beyond high school (P < .001) were significantly lower than that of SKN. NKD who had education under a high school level were more likely to have cervical cancer screening compared to NKD with education beyond a high school level (OR 1.81, 95 % CI 1.12-2.93). NKD were less likely to receive appropriate cervical cancer screening compared to SKN, especially those aged 30-39 years or married. Tailored interventions for NKD are needed to improve cervical cancer screening compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongok Park
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - HeesSook Kim
- Department of Nursing, Dongnam Health University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Wonhee Yang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Doctoral Student, Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - HaeWon Lee
- Institute for Health and Unification Studies, School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.
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22
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Tanaka R, Matsuzaka M, Sasaki Y. Influence of Income on Cancer Incidence and Death among Patients in Aomori, Japan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3193-3202. [PMID: 30486610 PMCID: PMC6318397 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.11.3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aomori Prefecture has experienced the highest cancer-related mortality rates since the 2000s in Japan. In addition, income of residents in Aomori Prefecture is lower than that of a countrywide average. Aims of this study were to examine the relationships of the incidence and mortality rates of common cancers (stomach, colorectal, liver, lung, breast, cervical, and prostate) with the income levels of residential income area and clarify the factors contributing to the high mortality rates in Aomori prefecture.Methods: We included data on all patients diagnosed with stomach, colorectal, liver, lung, breast, cervical, or prostate cancer in the Aomori cancer registry database between 2010 and 2012. Age-standardized incidence rates and incidence rate ratios were calculated. Risk of cancer mortality related to economic disparities was determined via multivariable Cox regression analysis and adjusted for age, sex, and stage at diagnosis in the multivariable model. Results: We identified 21,240 eligible cancer patients. There were no differences in AIRs and IRRs among patients with stomach, colorectal, or lung cancer according to income. Contrarily, AIRs and IRRs were higher in higher-income areas than in lower-income areas among patients with breast, cervical, or prostate cancer. There were no significant differences in HRs according to income for any cancer type. Conclusions:Patients with higher income were diagnosed with early-stage disease more frequently, and they had higher AIRs for breast, cervical, and prostate cancers than those with middle and low incomes. However, there were no significant differences in hazard ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Tanaka
- Department of Medical Informatics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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23
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Gao X, Zhao P, Hu J, Zhu H, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Zhao J, Tang F. MicroRNA-194 protects against chronic hepatitis B-related liver damage by promoting hepatocyte growth via ACVR2B. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4534-4544. [PMID: 30044042 PMCID: PMC6111826 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with the hepatitis B virus leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in a variety of biological processes; however, the role of miRNAs in chronic hepatitis B (CHB)‐induced liver damage remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of miRNAs in CHB‐related liver damage. Microarray analysis of the expression of miRNAs in 22 CHB patients and 33 healthy individuals identified miR‐194 as one of six differentially expressed miRNAs. miR‐194 was up‐regulated in correlation with increased liver damage in the plasma or liver tissues of CHB patients. In mice subjected to 2/3 partial hepatectomy, miR‐194 was up‐regulated in liver tissues in correlation with hepatocyte growth and in parallel with the down‐regulation of the activin receptor ACVR2B. Overexpression of miR‐194 in human liver HL7702 cells down‐regulated ACVR2B mRNA and protein expression, promoted cell proliferation, acceleratedG1 to S cell cycle transition, and inhibited apoptosis, whereas knockdown of miR‐194 had the opposite effects. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that ACVR2B is a direct target of miR‐194, and overexpression of ACVR2B significantly repressed cell proliferation and G1 to S phase transition and induced cell apoptosis. ACVR2B overexpression abolished the effect of miR‐194, indicating that miR‐194 promotes hepatocyte proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by down‐regulating ACVR2B. Taken together, these results indicate that miR‐194 plays a crucial role in hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration by targeting ACVR2B and may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of CHB‐related liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Department of Pathology, 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Liver Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongguang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Buswell L, Umuhizi D, Hategekimana V, Muhayimana C, Kennell-Heiling S. Voices of Hope From Rural Rwanda: Three Oncology Nurse Leaders Emerge. Oncol Nurs Forum 2017; 43:661-4. [PMID: 27541559 DOI: 10.1188/16.onf.661-664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cancer burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been well described in the literature (International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2012; Ott, Ullrich, Mascarenhas, & Stevens, 2011; Thun, DeLancey, Center, Jemal, & Ward, 2010). According to the World Health Organization ([WHO], 2015), about 14 million new cancer cases occurred in 2012, and more than 60% of those cases were in Africa, Asia, and Central and South America; of the 8.2 million cancer-related deaths in 2012, more than 70% occurred in these regions (Bray & Møller, 2006).
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Ribeiro N, Moreira L, Almeida AMP, Santos-Silva F. Pilot study of a smartphone-based intervention to promote cancer prevention behaviours. Int J Med Inform 2017; 108:125-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Beane J, Campbell JD, Lel J, Vick J, Spira A. Genomic approaches to accelerate cancer interception. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:e494-e502. [PMID: 28759388 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although major advances have been reported in the last decade in the treatment of late-stage cancer with targeted and immune-based therapies, there is a crucial unmet need to develop new approaches to improve the prevention and early detection of cancer. Advances in genomics and computational biology offer unprecedented opportunities to understand the earliest molecular events associated with carcinogenesis, enabling novel strategies to intercept the development of invasive cancers. This Series paper will highlight emerging big data genomic approaches with the potential to accelerate advances in cancer prevention, screening, and early detection across various tumour types, and the challenges inherent in the development of these tools for clinical use. Through coordinated multicentre consortia, these genomic approaches are likely to transform the landscape of cancer interception in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Beane
- Department of Medicine and BU-BMC Cancer Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Campbell
- Department of Medicine and BU-BMC Cancer Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julian Lel
- Department of Medicine and BU-BMC Cancer Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Vick
- Department of Medicine and BU-BMC Cancer Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine and BU-BMC Cancer Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Walters J, Sullivan A. Early Identification and Linkage to Care of Foreign-Born People with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Multnomah County, Oregon, 2012-2014. Public Health Rep 2017; 131 Suppl 2:105-11. [PMID: 27168669 DOI: 10.1177/00333549161310s216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health concern, with a large proportion of high-risk individuals unaware of their infection status. People born in countries with medium to high endemicity of HBV should be tested and linked to care. We describe a program that improved identification and linkage to care for refugees and immigrants at the Multnomah County Health Department in Oregon. METHODS We instituted outreach clinics and community referrals and expanded refugee screening to identify foreign-born people at risk for HBV. We obtained data from electronic health records and electronic laboratory reporting, including patient demographics, hepatitis B testing variables, vaccination history, and-for positive cases-risk-factor and linkage-to-care data. All results were entered into an Internet-based data collection tool. For this analysis, we only used results for testing performed from October 2012 through June 2014. RESULTS We screened 2,087 foreign-born people for HBV infection and identified 77 (4%) people with positive results. HBV infection prevalence varied by site, with 7% of HBV-positive people identified through the outreach and voucher program and 3% identified through refugee screening. Of the 77 people testing positive for HBV, 72 (94%) were successfully linked to care, of whom 68 (94%) attended their first follow-up visit. CONCLUSION Implementation of a culturally competent screening program among immigrants and refugees in Multnomah County improved case finding and subsequent linkage to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Walters
- Multnomah County Health Department, Community Epidemiology Services, Portland, OR
| | - Amy Sullivan
- Multnomah County Health Department, Communicable Disease Services, Portland, OR
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Lessons learnt from human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in 45 low- and middle-income countries. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177773. [PMID: 28575074 PMCID: PMC5456063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesise lessons learnt and determinants of success from human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine demonstration projects and national programmes in low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs). METHODS Interviews were conducted with 56 key informants. A systematic literature review identified 2936 abstracts from five databases; after screening 61 full texts were included. Unpublished literature, including evaluation reports, was solicited from country representatives; 188 documents were received. A data extraction tool and interview topic guide outlining key areas of inquiry were informed by World Health Organization guidelines for new vaccine introduction. Results were synthesised thematically. RESULTS Data were analysed from 12 national programmes and 66 demonstration projects in 46 countries. Among demonstration projects, 30 were supported by the GARDASIL® Access Program, 20 by Gavi, four by PATH and 12 by other means. School-based vaccine delivery supplemented with health facility-based delivery for out-of-school girls attained high coverage. There were limited data on facility-only strategies and little evaluation of strategies to reach out-of-school girls. Early engagement of teachers as partners in social mobilisation, consent, vaccination day coordination, follow-up of non-completers and adverse events was considered invaluable. Micro-planning using school/ facility registers most effectively enumerated target populations; other estimates proved inaccurate, leading to vaccine under- or over-estimation. Refresher training on adverse events and safe injection procedures was usually necessary. CONCLUSION Considerable experience in HPV vaccine delivery in LAMICs is available. Lessons are generally consistent across countries and dissemination of these could improve HPV vaccine introduction.
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Ott JJ, Horn J, Krause G, Mikolajczyk RT. Time trends of chronic HBV infection over prior decades - A global analysis. J Hepatol 2017; 66:48-54. [PMID: 27592304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Information on trends in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence across countries is lacking. We studied changes in chronic HBV infection over previous decades by country, and assessed patterns of change between and within WHO-defined regions. METHODS Based on data from a published systematic review on chronic HBV, we applied a linear model on the logit scale to assess time trends in country-specific prevalence. Estimated HBsAg prevalence in 2000 and relative changes in prevalence over time were evaluated by country and region. RESULTS Sufficient data were available for 50 countries, mostly showing reductions in prevalence over time. Various degrees of heterogeneity were observed within regions, with a relatively homogenous pattern in the Eastern Mediterranean region with strong decreases in HBsAg prevalence. Europe showed a mixed pattern: higher and stable chronic HBsAg prevalence in Eastern, and constantly low prevalence in Western Europe. In Africa, some countries demonstrated no change in prevalence; increases were seen in Uganda (odds ratio 1.05 per year; 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.06), Nigeria (1.02; 1.02-1.02), Senegal (1.01; 1.01-1.02), and South Africa (1.02; 1.01-1.02). With some exceptions, country-patterns overlapped among countries of South East Asian and Western Pacific regions, characterized by low-medium HBsAg decreases, most prominent in China and Malaysia. CONCLUSIONS Most countries experienced decreases in HBsAg prevalence. Dynamics varied, even within regions; decreases occurred mostly before the direct effects of childhood vaccination may have manifested. These findings together with stable and increasing HBsAg prevalence in some countries of Africa and Eastern Europe indicate the need for further tailored country-specific prevention. LAY SUMMARY This study investigated time trends in prevalence of chronic HBV infection in 50 countries worldwide over the last decade, by estimating relative changes in prevalence. Results show decreases in chronic HBV infection in most countries; no changes or increases in prevalence are noted in some African countries. Reasons for time changes need to be investigated further; based on the results, various prevention measures have contributed to reductions, and further tailored HBV prevention is required to combat the disease on a global level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jördis J Ott
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Johannes Horn
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; PhD Programme Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gérard Krause
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Germany
| | - Rafael T Mikolajczyk
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Germany
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Pattern and Distribution of Colorectal Cancer in Tanzania: A Retrospective Chart Audit at Two National Hospitals. J Cancer Epidemiol 2016; 2016:3769829. [PMID: 27965709 PMCID: PMC5124659 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3769829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a growing public health concern with increasing rates in countries with previously known low incidence. This study determined pattern and distribution of CRC in Tanzania and identified hot spots in case distribution. Methods. A retrospective chart audit reviewed hospital registers and patient files from two national institutions. Descriptive statistics, Chi square (χ2) tests, and regression analyses were employed and augmented by data visualization to display risk variable differences. Results. CRC cases increased sixfold in the last decade in Tanzania. There was a 1.5% decrease in incidences levels of rectal cancer and 2% increase for colon cancer every year from 2005 to 2015. Nearly half of patients listed Dar es Salaam as their primary residence. CRC was equally distributed between males (50.06%) and females (49.94%), although gender likelihood of diagnosis type (i.e., rectal or colon) was significantly different (P = 0.027). More than 60% of patients were between 40 and 69 years. Conclusions. Age (P = 0.0183) and time (P = 0.004) but not gender (P = 0.0864) were significantly associated with rectal cancer in a retrospective study in Tanzania. Gender (P = 0.0405), age (P = 0.0015), and time (P = 0.0075) were all significantly associated with colon cancer in this study. This retrospective study found that colon cancer is more prevalent among males at a relatively younger age than rectal cancer. Further, our study showed that although more patients were diagnosed with rectal cancer, the trend has shown that colon cancer is increasing at a faster rate.
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Worldwide burden of gastric cancer in 2012 that could have been prevented by increasing fruit and vegetable intake and predictions for 2025. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:851-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711451500522x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe regional and temporal variation in patterns of fruit and vegetable intake contributes to differences in the impact on gastric cancer burden across regions and over the years. We aimed to estimate the proportion and absolute number of gastric cancer cases that could have been prevented in 2012 with an increase in fruit and vegetable intake up to the levels defined by the Global Burden of Disease as the theoretical minimum-risk exposure distribution (300 and 400 g/d, respectively), as well as the corresponding figures expected for 2025. Preventable fractions (PF) were computed for 161 countries, using data on fruit and vegetable availability in 1997 and 2010 and published estimates of the magnitude of the association between fruit and vegetable intake and gastric cancer, assuming a time lag of approximately 15 years. Countries classified as very high Human Development Index (HDI) presented median PF in 2012 much lower than low-HDI countries for both fruits (3·0v.10·2 %,P<0·001) and vegetables (6·0v.11·9 %,P<0·001). For vegetables only, PF significantly decreased until 2025 in most settings; however, this corresponded to a reduction in the absolute number of preventable gastric cancer cases in less than half of the countries. Increasing fruit and vegetable intake would allow preventing a relatively high proportion of gastric cancer cases, mostly in developing countries. Although declines in PF are predicted in the near future, changes in order to achieve healthier lifestyles may be insufficient to overcome the load of demographic variation to further reduce the gastric cancer burden.
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Wei D, Liu XY, Chen YY, Zhou X, Hu HP. Effectiveness of Physical, Psychological, Social, and Spiritual Intervention in Breast Cancer Survivors: An Integrative Review. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2016; 3:226-232. [PMID: 27981165 PMCID: PMC5123516 DOI: 10.4103/2347-5625.189813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors affecting the health outcomes of cancer patients have gained extensive research attention considering the increasing number and prolonged longevity of cancer survivors. Breast cancer survivors experience physical, psychological, social, and spiritual challenges. This systematic literature review aims to present and discuss an overview of main issues concerning breast cancer survivors after treatment. Treatment-related symptoms as well as psychosocial and spiritual aspects of breast cancer survivors are evaluated. Moreover, the benefits of intervention for emotional, physical, social, and spiritual needs of the patient during the survivorship are investigated. This review also proposes avenues for future studies in this field and develops a new, integrated, and complete interpretation of findings on the holistic well-being of women with breast cancer. Thus, this study provides clinicians with a more comprehensive source of information compared with individual studies on symptom experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wei
- Nursing Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Liu
- Nursing Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong-Yi Chen
- Nursing Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Nursing Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui-Ping Hu
- Nursing Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Guimaraes MD, Hochhegger B, Santos MK, Santana PRP, Sousa AS, Souza LS, Marchiori E. Magnetic resonance imaging of the chest in the evaluation of cancer patients: state of the art. Radiol Bras 2015. [PMID: 25798006 PMCID: PMC4366027 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2013.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has several advantages in the evaluation of cancer
patients with thoracic lesions, including involvement of the chest wall, pleura,
lungs, mediastinum, esophagus and heart. It is a quite useful tool in the diagnosis,
staging, surgical planning, treatment response evaluation and follow-up of these
patients. In the present review, the authors contextualize the relevance of MRI in
the evaluation of thoracic lesions in cancer patients. Considering that MRI is a
widely available method with high contrast and spatial resolution and without the
risks associated with the use of ionizing radiation, its use combined with new
techniques such as cine-MRI and functional methods such as perfusion- and
diffusion-weighted imaging may be useful as an alternative tool with performance
comparable or complementary to conventional radiological methods such as radiography,
computed tomography and PET/CT imaging in the evaluation of patients with thoracic
neoplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Duarte Guimaraes
- PhD, Radiologist, Specialist in Internal Medicine, Responsible for Chest Imaging Units at Hospital Heliópolis and A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Hochhegger
- PhD, Associate Professor at Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcel Koenigkam Santos
- PhD, Radiologist at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pablo Rydz Pinheiro Santana
- MD, Member of Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem (CBR), Thoracic Radiologist at Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur Soares Sousa
- PhD, Professor and Post-graduation Advisor, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (Famerp), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Soares Souza
- MD, Radiologist, Faculdade de Medicina São José do Rio Preto (Famerp), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Marchiori
- PhD, Adjunct Coordinator of Post-Graduation, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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A Relational Database of WHO Mortality Data Prepared to Facilitate Global Mortality Research. OPEN HEALTH DATA 2015. [DOI: 10.5334/ohd.ao] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Peleteiro B, Castro C, Morais S, Ferro A, Lunet N. Worldwide Burden of Gastric Cancer Attributable to Tobacco Smoking in 2012 and Predictions for 2020. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2470-6. [PMID: 25786860 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneous patterns and trends in tobacco consumption contribute to regional and gender differences in the burden of gastric cancer attributable to smoking. AIMS To estimate the proportion and absolute number of gastric cancer cases that can be attributed to smoking in different countries, in 2012 and 2020. METHODS Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were computed for 118 countries, using data of smoking prevalence in 2002 and 2011 and published estimates of the magnitude of the association between smoking and gastric cancer, assuming a time lag of ≈10 years. RESULTS For men, the highest PAF estimates in 2012 were observed in Eastern Asia and the lowest in North America, whereas for women the highest were in Western Europe and the lowest in Africa. Very high Human Development Index (HDI) countries presented the lowest median PAF in men (very high vs. high, medium, and low HDI: 17.2 vs. 20.8 %, p = 0.014) and the highest median PAF in women (very high vs. high, medium, and low HDI: 4.3 vs. 1.8 %, p < 0.001). Estimates for 2020 show a decrease in median PAFs, but the estimated absolute number of cases attributable to smoking in the countries analyzed increased for men (≈154,000 vs. ≈160,000) and decreased for women (≈6200 vs. ≈5600). CONCLUSIONS Smoking accounts for a larger number of gastric cancer cases among men, and gender differences are expected to increase in the next decade, despite the decrease in PAFs. Intensified efforts to control smoking are needed to further reduce the burden of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Peleteiro
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal,
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Spring B, King A, Pagoto S, Van Horn L, Fisher J. Fostering multiple healthy lifestyle behaviors for primary prevention of cancer. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2015; 70:75-90. [PMID: 25730716 PMCID: PMC4626078 DOI: 10.1037/a0038806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The odds of developing cancer are increased by specific lifestyle behaviors (tobacco use, excess energy and alcohol intakes, low fruit and vegetable intake, physical inactivity, risky sexual behaviors, and inadequate sun protection) that are established risk factors for developing cancer. These behaviors are largely absent in childhood, emerge and tend to cluster over the life span, and show an increased prevalence among those disadvantaged by low education, low income, or minority status. Even though these risk behaviors are modifiable, few are diminishing in the population over time. We review the prevalence and population distribution of these behaviors and apply an ecological model to describe effective or promising healthy lifestyle interventions targeted to the individual, the sociocultural context, or environmental and policy influences. We suggest that implementing multiple health behavior change interventions across these levels could substantially reduce the prevalence of cancer and the burden it places on the public and the health care system. We note important still-unresolved questions about which behaviors can be intervened upon simultaneously in order to maximize positive behavioral synergies, minimize negative ones, and effectively engage underserved populations. We conclude that interprofessional collaboration is needed to appropriately determine and convey the value of primary prevention of cancer and other chronic diseases.
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Ngoma T, Mandeli J, Holland JF. Downstaging cancer in rural Africa. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2875-9. [PMID: 25408458 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is usually diagnosed late in rural Africa leading to incurability and abbreviated survival. Many curable cancers present on the body surface, often recognizable early by laymen as suspicious, justifying professional referral. Cancer diagnoses in two randomly chosen Tanzanian villages were compared after conventional dispensary self-referral vs. proactive visits in the home. Village navigators organized trips for professional consultation. In the control village 21% were self-referred, 20% of them were sent on as suspicious, 78% had cancer (8% in men) 0.9% of the village population. In the intervention village 99% were screened, 14% were referred for professional opinion, 93% had cancer (32% in men) 1.6% (p < 0.01 compared with control village). In the second and third years similar activity yielded 0.5% cancer annually in the control village for a 3 year total of 1.86% whereas interventional villagers had 1.4% and 0.6% cancer for a 3 year total of 3.56% (p < 0.001). Downstaging was recognized in the second and third years of intervention from 23 to 51 to 74% Stages I and II (p < 0.001) but in the control village Stages I and II changed from 11% to 22% to 37% (p = NS). The greatest downstaging occurred in breast and cervix cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twalib Ngoma
- Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Mathur M, Singh A, Dhillon P, Dey S, Sullivan R, Jain K, Arora M, Patel T, Prabhakaran D, Rajaraman P. Strategies for cancer prevention in India—Catching the ‘low hanging fruits’. J Cancer Policy 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dieterich M, Stubert J, Reimer T, Erickson N, Berling A. Influence of lifestyle factors on breast cancer risk. Breast Care (Basel) 2014; 9:407-14. [PMID: 25759623 PMCID: PMC4317679 DOI: 10.1159/000369571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast Cancer (BC) is a life-changing event. Compared to other malignancies in women, BC has received considerably more public attention. Despite improved neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and palliative treatment strategies for each characteristic molecular BC subtype, recommendations for evidence-based preventive strategies for BC treatment are not given equivalent attention. This may be partly due to the fact that high-quality long-term prevention studies are still difficult to carry out and are thus underrepresented in international studies. The aim of this review is to discuss the most relevant lifestyle factors associated with BC and to identify and discuss the evidence supporting practical prevention strategies that can be used in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Dieterich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Stubert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Toralf Reimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Nicole Erickson
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - Anika Berling
- Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Germany
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Flegal KM, Panagiotou OA, Graubard BI. Estimating population attributable fractions to quantify the health burden of obesity. Ann Epidemiol 2014; 25:201-7. [PMID: 25511307 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is a highly prevalent condition in the United States and elsewhere and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Here, we discuss some issues involved in quantifying the health burden of obesity using population attributable fraction (PAF) estimates and provide examples. METHODS We searched PubMed for articles reporting attributable fraction estimates for obesity. We reviewed eligible articles to identify methodological concerns and tabulated illustrative examples of PAF estimates for obesity relative to cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS There is considerable variability among studies regarding the methods used for PAF calculation and the selection of appropriate counterfactuals. The reported estimates ranged from 5% to 15% for all-cause mortality, -0.2% to 8% for all-cancer incidence, 7% to 44% for cardiovascular disease incidence, and 3% to 83% for diabetes incidence. CONCLUSIONS To evaluate a given estimate, it is important to consider whether the exposure and outcome were defined similarly for the PAF and for the relative risks, whether the relative risks were suitable for the population at hand, and whether PAF was calculated using correct methods. Strong causal assumptions are not necessarily warranted. In general, PAFs for obesity may be best considered as indicators of association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Flegal
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD.
| | - Orestis A Panagiotou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Consumption of berries, fruits and vegetables and mortality among 10,000 Norwegian men followed for four decades. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:599-608. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Active cigarette smoking and the risk of breast cancer: a cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol 2014; 38:376-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Del Valle MO, Martin-Payo R, Lana A, Garcia JB, Folgueras MV, Lopez ML. Behavioural cancer risk factors in women diagnosed with primary breast cancer. J Adv Nurs 2014; 70:2810-20. [PMID: 24773512 DOI: 10.1111/jan.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate behavioural risk factors and self-efficacy among women diagnosed with breast cancer. BACKGROUND The appearance of new tumours in breast cancer survivors is influenced by risk behaviours. Knowing their prevalence and women's perceived ability to adopt a healthy lifestyle would allow designing educational interventions aimed at modifying these behaviours. DESIGN An observational cross-sectional study of women diagnosed with breast cancer. METHODS The study was carried out in Asturias (Spain). A total of 2407 breast cancer patients diagnosed between 1998-2008 were selected and 492 women agreed to participate. Self-reported data on risk factors self-efficacy were gathered through a telephone interview based on the European Code against Cancer conducted between February-June 2010. RESULTS A total of 16·1% of women in this study were regular smokers, 5% drank alcohol excessively, 49% were overweight, 54% reported a lower level of physical activity than recommended and 7·5% did not use sun protection. The Total Cancer Behavioural Risk indicator was calculated by adding up the results of all modifiable risks contained in the European Code against Cancer, with an average score of 21·6 in a scale from 0-78 points (0 = null cancer risk, 78 = maximum cancer risk). Self-efficacy levels were very high among our participants. CONCLUSION The results suggest that there is a need to design programmes to promote a healthy lifestyle among women diagnosed with breast cancer. Nurses have an important role to play in planning and implementing these programmes, using the most efficient educational techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Olivo Del Valle
- Department of Public Health & Medicine Preventive, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, Spain
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Healthcare costs in the Danish randomised controlled lung cancer CT-screening trial: A registry study. Lung Cancer 2014; 83:347-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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White MC, Holman DM, Boehm JE, Peipins LA, Grossman M, Henley SJ. Age and cancer risk: a potentially modifiable relationship. Am J Prev Med 2014; 46:S7-15. [PMID: 24512933 PMCID: PMC4544764 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This article challenges the idea that cancer cannot be prevented among older adults by examining different aspects of the relationship between age and cancer. Although the sequential patterns of aging cannot be changed, several age-related factors that contribute to disease risk can be. For most adults, age is coincidentally associated with preventable chronic conditions, avoidable exposures, and modifiable risk behaviors that are causally associated with cancer. Midlife is a period of life when the prevalence of multiple cancer risk factors is high and incidence rates begin to increase for many types of cancer. However, current evidence suggests that for most adults, cancer does not have to be an inevitable consequence of growing older. Interventions that support healthy environments, help people manage chronic conditions, and promote healthy behaviors may help people make a healthier transition from midlife to older age and reduce the likelihood of developing cancer. Because the number of adults reaching older ages is increasing rapidly, the number of new cancer cases will also increase if current incidence rates remain unchanged. Thus, the need to translate the available research into practice to promote cancer prevention, especially for adults at midlife, has never been greater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C White
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Dawn M Holman
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer E Boehm
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lucy A Peipins
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Melissa Grossman
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - S Jane Henley
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
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Wienecke A, Barnes B, Lampert T, Kraywinkel K. Changes in cancer incidence attributable to tobacco smoking in Germany, 1999-2008. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:682-91. [PMID: 23873261 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking, a major cancer risk factor, is very common in Germany as in many other high-income countries. Few studies have assessed the burden of tobacco-associated cancer incidence in the German population. We calculated the proportion of cancers attributable to tobacco smoking to estimate the burden of tobacco-associated cancer in 1999 and 2008. Smoking prevalence was determined from national surveys of a representative sample of the German population in 1998 and 2008-2011, and data on relative risks were obtained from meta-analyses. Cancer incidence for the years 1999 and 2008 was estimated by the German Centre for Cancer Registry Data at the Robert Koch Institute. We estimate that 72,208 incident cancer cases were attributable to tobacco smoking in Germany in 2008, an increase of >6,200 cases over 1999 levels. Among the cases in 2008 were 55,057 cases among men (22.8% (95% CI, 21.3-24.1) of all new cases) and 17,151 cases among women (7.9% (95% CI, 7.21-8.68) of all new cases). The highest proportions attributable to smoking were estimated for cancer of the lung, larynx, pharynx and the lower urinary tract. Tobacco smoking is currently responsible for more than one in five cancer cases among men and nearly 1 in 12 among women. Considering the increasing trends in cancer incidence and, until very recently, rising prevalence of smoking among women, it can be expected that the number of tobacco-attributable cancer cases will rise further.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wienecke
- German Centre for Cancer Registry Data, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Sheldon LK, Wise B, Carlson JR, Dowds C, Sarchet V, Sanchez JA. Developing a longitudinal cancer nursing education program in Honduras. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2013; 28:669-675. [PMID: 23912757 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-013-0497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present paper is a longitudinal study which aims to develop and deliver cancer nursing education conferences in Honduras using volunteer nurse educators. This program intends to (1) perform site assessments of work environments and resources for cancer care in Honduras, (2) develop cancer nursing education programs, (3) survey conference participants continuing education needs, (4) deliver cancer nursing education conferences, and (5) share data with local and global partners for future cancer programs. The study draws on a longitudinal program development with site assessments, data collection, and educational conferences at two time points. Assessments and surveys were used for conference development and delivery by volunteer nurse educators. Site assessments and conferences were delivered twice. Data were collected regarding assessments and surveys to inform program development. Survey data revealed that <4 % had formal training in cancer care and >65 % had internet access. Participants desired more information about handling of chemotherapy, symptom management, and palliative care. Volunteer nurse educators perform site assessments and develop educational programming for cancer nurses. Local and global partners should explore internet-based programs between site visits to create sustainable education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kennedy Sheldon
- University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA,
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Sun P, Zhang F, Chen C, An X, Li YH, Wang FH, Zhu ZH. Comparison of the prognostic values of various nutritional parameters in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from Southern China. J Thorac Dis 2013; 5:484-91. [PMID: 23991306 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.08.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional evaluation is important for patients with esophageal cancer, but the impact of undernutrition on outcome of those patients is not well elucidated. Our aim is to assess the impact of baseline nutritional status on overall survival (OS) in Chinese patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to detect a most appropriate indicator for nutritional evaluation. METHODS 502 patients from Southern China diagnosed as ESCC in Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center were included. A series of nutritional indicators were introduced to evaluate the baseline nutritional status. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the 5-year OS and the log-rank test was used to determine the survival differences. Cox proportional hazards model was used in the univariate and multivariate analyses of OS. RESULTS With a median follow up time of 30 months, the median OS for the entire patient group was 37.3 months with the 5-year OS rate of 43.0%. Only performance status, AJCC 6th stage and body mass index (BMI) were the independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis of OS. The median OS for patients with BMI less than 18.5, patients with BMI within 18.5-24.9 and patients with BMI more than 24.9 were 19.2, 43.2 and 51.6 months, respectively, with the 5-year OS rates of 25.2%, 46.1% and 48.1% (P<0.001). Patients with BMI <18.5 tended to present with a more advanced stage disease and a poorer tumor grade. CONCLUSIONS Baseline nutritional status is predictive of OS in Chinese patients with ESCC. BMI is a steady indicator for nutritional evaluation and a sensitive prognostic parameter for ESCC patients. Treatment optimization in ESCC patients with low BMI should integrate the modalities and individual nutritional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China; ; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
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