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Sawaya H, Miller JC, Raines JM. Review of Studies on Incremental Validity of Assessment Measures Used in Psychological Assessment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Assessment 2024; 31:518-537. [PMID: 36914964 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231159933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have summarized the literature relevant to the incremental validity of tools and procedures for the assessment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current project reviewed such studies published in the prior 18 years. Results from studies on the incremental validity of measures used in the assessment of ADHD were reviewed. Measures included symptom reports, clinical interviews, behavioral observation, continuous performance and other psychomotor tasks, intelligence tests, and measures of executive function. Twenty-nine published studies and two reviews were identified from 2004 to 2022. Incremental validity was determined using various statistics including R2, classification metrics, odds ratios, and post-test probabilities. Findings suggest that symptom reports from a collateral source and continuous performance test measures have incremental validity over self-reports and clinical interviews. Measures of intellectual and executive functioning did not show incremental validity in the diagnosis of ADHD. Findings are relevant to the practitioner, as they bear on the optimization of both the cost-effectiveness and the diagnostic accuracy of combined procedures in the assessment of ADHD.
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2
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Amelio P, Antonacci C, Khosravi P, Haller S, Kircanski K, Berman E, Cullins L, Lewis K, Davis M, Engel C, Towbin K, Stringaris A, Pine DS. Evaluating the development and well-being assessment (DAWBA) in pediatric anxiety and depression. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:12. [PMID: 38245769 PMCID: PMC10800067 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancing screening practices and developing scalable diagnostic tools are imperative in response to the increasing prevalence of youth mental health challenges. Structured lay psychiatric interviews have emerged as one such promising tool. However, there remains limited research evaluating structured psychiatric interviews, specifically their characterization of internalizing disorders in treatment-seeking youth. This study evaluates the relationship between the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA), a structured psychiatric interview, and established measures of pediatric anxiety and depression, including the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED), the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS), and the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ). The study comprised two independent clinical samples of treatment-seeking youth: sample one included 55 youth with anxiety and 29 healthy volunteers (HV), while sample two included 127 youth with Major Depressive Disorder and 73 HVs. We examined the association between the DAWBA band scores, indicating predicted risk for diagnosis, the SCARED and PARS (sample one), and the MFQ (sample two). An exploratory analysis was conducted in a subset of participants to test whether DAWBA band scores predicted the change in anxiety symptoms (SCARED, PARS) across a 12-week course of cognitive behavioral therapy. The results revealed that the DAWBA significantly predicted the SCARED, PARS and MFQ measures at baseline; however, it did not predict changes in anxiety symptoms across treatment. These findings suggest that the DAWBA may be a helpful screening tool for indexing anxiety and depression in treatment-seeking youth but is not especially predictive of longitudinal trajectories in symptomatology across psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paia Amelio
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chase Antonacci
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Parmis Khosravi
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Simone Haller
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katharina Kircanski
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erin Berman
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Cullins
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Krystal Lewis
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mollie Davis
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chana Engel
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Towbin
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Divisions of Psychiatry and Psychology and Language Science, University College London, London, UK
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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3
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Musacchio Schafer K, Joiner T. Anger as a Correlate of and Longitudinal Risk Factor for Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents. Arch Suicide Res 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38193905 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2300740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Suicide a leading cause of death among adolescents and is nearly always preceded by suicidal ideation (SI). Concerningly, SI during adolescence is not uncommon, as it is reported by as much as 20% of American youth. As such, SI in adolescence has been the subject of substantial research. Literature points to anger in adolescence as a relatively strong correlate of SI. However, work is limited, focusing on cross-sectional associations between anger in adolescence and SI and conceptualizing anger as a broad construct, failing to investigate the many narrow facets that comprise it. We address these gaps by investigating anger in adolescence as a (1) cross-sectional and (2) prospective correlate of SI and (3) investigating broad versus narrow conceptualizations of anger in adolescence as they relate to SI. Among two samples (Study 1, nationally representative community-based youth, n = 1,729; Study 2, high-risk juvenile justice involved youth, n = 1,406), anger in adolescence was cross-sectionally related to SI. However, when controlling for SI at baseline, anger in adolescence was not a prospective risk factor for SI at follow-up, nine years later. Finally, narrow facets of anger (e.g., argumentative, defiant, irritable, resentful, spiteful) were not more closely related than broad conceptualizations of anger to SI. These findings indicate that while anger in adolescence is cross-sectionally associated with SI, it should not necessarily be viewed as a valid risk factor for development of SI over the course of nearly a decade. Further, findings did not elucidate any narrow facets of anger that are particularly linked with SI.
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4
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de Jong SRC, van den Hoofdakker BJ, van der Veen-Mulders L, Veenman B, Twisk JWR, Oosterlaan J, Luman M. The efficacy of a self-help parenting program for parents of children with externalizing behavior: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2031-2042. [PMID: 35794395 PMCID: PMC9261243 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Parenting programs are effective for children with externalizing problems, but not always easily accessible for parents. In order to facilitate accessibility, we developed a self-help parenting program, consisting of a manual and online part. The efficacy of the program in reducing children's externalizing problems was compared to waitlist in a randomized controlled trial. In addition, two versions of the program were exploratively compared, one with and one without biweekly telephonic support. Candidate moderators (child and parent factors) and parental satisfaction were also examined. We randomly assigned 110 families to one of the following three conditions: the support condition, the no support condition, or the waitlist condition. Intervention duration was 15 weeks. Outcomes were collected at baseline (T0), 8 weeks (T1), 15 weeks (T2), and 28 weeks (T3) and included daily telephonic measurements of parent-rated externalizing behavior and the Intensity scale of the parent-rated Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI). Main analyses compared outcomes at T2, using longitudinal regressions with T0 as fixed factor. Results showed that children improved significantly more on both outcomes in the intervention condition compared to waitlist, with small to medium effect sizes. Parental satisfaction was high. Neither differences in efficacy nor in parental satisfaction were found between the support and no support condition. No moderators were detected. The newly developed self-help parenting program is effective in reducing children's externalizing behavior problems and may help improve access to evidence-based care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne R C de Jong
- Department of Clinical-, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Barbara J van den Hoofdakker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne van der Veen-Mulders
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Betty Veenman
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos W R Twisk
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Department of Clinical-, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Neuroscience Group, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, , Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Luman
- Department of Clinical-, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Levvel, Specialists in Youth and Family Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Rieselbach MM, Corley RP, Hewitt JK, Rhee SH. Anxiety-specific associations with substance use: Evidence of a protective factor in adolescence and a risk factor in adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1484-1496. [PMID: 35491700 PMCID: PMC9626393 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Externalizing psychopathology is a strong risk factor for substance use, whereas the role of internalizing manifestations of distress, and anxiety in particular, in predicting substance use remains unclear. Studies have suggested that anxiety may be either a protective or risk factor for substance use. The present study aimed to clarify evidence for anxiety-specific associations with substance use, examining sex and developmental period (adolescence vs. adulthood) as potential moderators that may help explain conflicting results in the literature. In a longitudinal twin sample, cross-sectional associations of anxiety with substance use differed in adolescents and adults and in girls/women and boys/men. Controlling for externalizing psychopathology and depression, anxiety was associated with reduced substance use in adolescent girls and increased substance use in adult women. In contrast, anxiety-specific associations with substance use were not significant in boys and men. Possible explanations for these contrasting results across development and sex are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya M. Rieselbach
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Robin P. Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - John K. Hewitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Soo Hyun Rhee
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
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6
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Schniering CA, Forbes MK, Rapee RM, Wuthrich VM, Queen AH, Ehrenreich-May J. Assessing Functional Impairment in Youth: Development of the Adolescent Life Interference Scale for Internalizing Symptoms (ALIS-I). Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:508-519. [PMID: 34655359 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study described the psychometric properties of a self-report measure of functional impairment related to anxiety and depression in adolescents, the Adolescent Life Interference Scale for Internalizing symptoms (ALIS-I). A clinical sample of 266 adolescents and a community sample of 63 adolescents, aged 11 to 18 years (Mean = 14.7, SD = 1.71) completed the ALIS-I and additional measures assessing internalizing problems. Exploratory factor analyses indicated four distinct but correlated factors of life interference related to personal withdrawal/avoidance, peer problems, problems with study/work, and somatic symptoms. Reliability and retest reliability (8-12 weeks) of the total score were high and psychometric properties of the subscales were acceptable. The ALIS-I effectively discriminated between clinical and community control groups, and expected correlations were shown between ALIS-I subscales and other related symptom measures. The ALIS-I is a promising instrument for the assessment of functional impairment related to internalizing disorders in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Schniering
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia. .,Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
| | - Miriam K Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Viviana M Wuthrich
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Alexander H Queen
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 490 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Jill Ehrenreich-May
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
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7
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Bettencourt AF, Clary LK, Ialongo N, Musci RJ. Long-term consequences of bullying involvement in first grade. J Sch Psychol 2023; 97:63-76. [PMID: 36914367 PMCID: PMC10020929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Few prospective studies have examined how early bullying experiences impact long-term adjustment and the differential impact of children's co-occurring bullying and peer victimization involvement on adjustment in adulthood. This study addressed these gaps by examining subgroups of first graders involved in bullying and associations with four outcomes in early adulthood, including (a) Major Depression diagnosis, (b) post-high school suicide attempt, (c) on-time high school graduation, and (d) criminal justice involvement. Additionally, middle school standardized reading test scores and suspensions were examined as potential mechanisms through which early bullying involvement is associated with adult outcomes. Participants were 594 children from nine urban elementary schools in the United States who participated in a randomized controlled trial of two school-based universal prevention interventions. Latent profile analyses using peer nominations identified three subgroups: (a) High involvement bully-victims, (b) Moderate involvement bully-victims, and (c) Low/No involvement youth. Compared to the No/Low involvement class, High involvement bully-victims were less likely to graduate high school on time (OR = 0.48, p = .002) and Moderate involvement bully-victims were more likely to be involved in the criminal justice system (OR = 1.37, p = .02). High bully-victims were at greater risk for both not graduating high school on-time and criminal justice system involvement, which were partially explained by 6th grade standardized reading test scores and suspensions. Moderate bully-victims were less likely to graduate high school on time, which was partially explained by 6th grade suspensions. Findings highlight how early bully-victim involvement increases risk for difficulties that affect adult quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura K Clary
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
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8
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Lawson KM, Barrett BL, Cerny RJ, Enrici KE, Garcia-Cardenas J, Gonzales CE, Hernandez ID, Iacobacci CP, Lin T, Martinez Urieta NY, Moreno P, Rivera MG, Teichrow DJ, Vizcarra A, Hostinar CE, Robins RW. The Development of Shyness from Late Childhood to Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study of Mexican-origin Youth. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2023; 14:13-25. [PMID: 36644497 PMCID: PMC9838638 DOI: 10.1177/19485506211070674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Shyness, the tendency to be inhibited and uncomfortable in novel social situations, is a consequential personality trait, especially during adolescence. The present study examined the development of shyness from late childhood (age 10) through adolescence (age 16) using data from a large, longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth (N = 674). Using both self- and mother-reports of shyness assessed via the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised, we found moderate to high rank-order stabilities across two-year intervals and a mean-level decrease in shyness from age 10 to 16. Anxiety and depression were associated with higher initial levels of shyness, and anxiety was associated with greater decreases in shyness from age 10 to 16. Contrary to predictions, neither nativity (country of birth) nor language proficiency (English, Spanish) was associated with the development of shyness across adolescence. Thus, youth generally decline in shyness during adolescence, although there is substantial individual variability in shyness trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan J Cerny
- Psychology Department, University of California-Davis
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tiffanie Lin
- Psychology Department, University of California-Davis
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9
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Cree RA, Bitsko RH, Danielson ML, Wanga V, Holbrook J, Flory K, Kubicek LF, Evans SW, Owens JS, Cuffe SP. Surveillance of ADHD Among Children in the United States: Validity and Reliability of Parent Report of Provider Diagnosis. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:111-123. [PMID: 36326292 PMCID: PMC9843610 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221131979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the appropriateness of parent-reported diagnosis of ADHD as a surveillance tool. METHOD We assessed agreement over time and concordance of parent-reported diagnosis against Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-based criteria. We compared concordance of diagnosis and DSM-based criteria by child characteristics, including treatment. RESULTS Among parents who reported their child had ADHD, 95.7% reported it again 2 years later. Comparing diagnosis with DSM-based criteria, specificity and negative predictive value were high, sensitivity was moderate, and positive predictive value was low. Most children with an ADHD diagnosis who did not meet DSM-based criteria met sub-threshold criteria or took medication for ADHD. Concordance differed by child characteristics and treatment. CONCLUSION Parent-reported diagnosed ADHD is reliable over time. Although differences in parent-reported diagnosis and DSM-based criteria were noted, these may reflect children with milder symptoms or treated ADHD. Parent-report of child ADHD ever diagnosis may be a good single-item indicator for prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn A. Cree
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Valentine Wanga
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph Holbrook
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kate Flory
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven P. Cuffe
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, USA
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10
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Loo EXL, Ooi DSQ, Ong M, Ta LDH, Lau HX, Tay MJY, Yap QV, Chan YH, Tham EH, Goh AEN, Van Bever H, Teoh OH, Eriksson JG, Chong YS, Gluckman P, Yap FKP, Karnani N, Xu J, Tan KML, Tan KH, Lee BW, Kramer M, Shek LPC, Meaney MJ, Broekman BFP. Associations Between Eczema and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:837741. [PMID: 35433544 PMCID: PMC9007142 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.837741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest a link between eczema and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but underlying mechanisms have not been examined. OBJECTIVE We aim to investigate the association between eczema and subsequent ADHD symptoms in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes cohort and explore the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiome. METHODS The modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire and Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV were administered to assess reported eczema within the first 18 months and presence of ADHD symptoms at 54 months, respectively. Skin prick testing at 18 months, cytokines in maternal blood during pregnancy and cord blood and the mediating role of the gut microbiome at 24 months were assessed. RESULTS After adjusting for confounders, eczema with or without a positive skin prick test was associated with doubling the risk of ADHD symptoms. No differences in maternal and cord blood cytokines were observed in children with and without eczema, or children with and without ADHD. Gut microbiome dysbiosis was observed in children with eczema and children with ADHD. Children with eczema also had lower gut bacterial Shannon diversity. However, the relationship between eczema and ADHD was not mediated by gut microbiome. CONCLUSION Early life eczema diagnosis is associated with a higher risk of subsequent ADHD symptoms in children. We found no evidence for underlying inflammatory mechanism or mediation by gut microbiome dysbiosis. Further research should evaluate other mechanisms underlying the link between eczema and ADHD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01174875], identifier [NCT01174875].
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Delicia Shu Qin Ooi
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minyee Ong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Le Duc Huy Ta
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Xing Lau
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Jia Yu Tay
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qai Ven Yap
- Department of Biostatistics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Department of Biostatistics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anne Eng Neo Goh
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hugo Van Bever
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oon Hoe Teoh
- Respiratory Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan Gunnar Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fabian Kok Peng Yap
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Endocrinology Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Xu
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karen Mei Ling Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology at McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Birit F P Broekman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Psychiatry, OLVG and Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Lawson KM, Kellerman JK, Kleiman EM, Bleidorn W, Hopwood CJ, Robins RW. The role of temperament in the onset of suicidal ideation and behaviors across adolescence: Findings from a 10-year longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth. J Pers Soc Psychol 2022; 122:171-186. [PMID: 33539152 PMCID: PMC8333186 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Suicide among young people is an increasingly prevalent and devastating public health crisis around the world. To reduce the rate of suicide, it is important to identify factors that can help us better predict suicidal ideation and behaviors. Adolescent temperament (effortful control, negative emotionality, positive emotionality) may be a source of risk and resilience for the onset of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts. The present study uses longitudinal data from a large, community sample of Mexican-origin youth (N = 674), assessed annually from age 12 to 21, to examine how temperament is associated with the onset of suicidal ideation and behaviors during adolescence and young adulthood. Results indicate that higher levels of effortful control (activation control, inhibitory control, attention) are associated with decreased probability of experiencing the onset of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts, whereas higher levels of negative emotionality (particularly aggression, frustration, and depressed mood) are associated with increased probability of experiencing the onset of suicidal ideation and behaviors. Positive emotionality (surgency, affiliation) was not associated with the onset of suicidal ideation and behaviors. Supplemental analyses showed conceptually similar findings for the Big Five, with Conscientiousness associated with decreased risk, Neuroticism associated with increased risk, and the other three dimensions showing largely null results. The findings did not vary significantly for boys and girls or for youth born in the U.S. versus Mexico. Overall, these findings suggest that adolescent temperament serves as both a protective factor (via effortful control/Conscientiousness) and a risk factor (via negative emotionality/Neuroticism) for suicidal ideation and behaviors in Mexican-origin youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Greenfield B, Jolicoeur-Martineau A, Brown M, Kandiyoti A, Henry M, Sasson T, Ahmadi S, Vivani T, Harnden B, de Castro F, Tran B, Boodaghians L, Weiss M, Atsaidis Z, Wazana A. Frequent follow-up of suicidal youth assessed in the emergency room: Long-term trajectory and predictors of suicidality. Prev Med 2021; 152:106737. [PMID: 34538378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Suicide was the second‑leading cause of US deaths in 2018 among 15-24-year-olds. Suicide attempts, a risk factor for completions, and suicide ideation have doubled among pediatric emergency room (ER) patients during the past decade. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), a comorbid condition, has a 10% suicide rate. We examined the 4-year outcome of a cohort of suicidal adolescents, many also suffering from BPD and having undergone some form of treatment, to identify baseline factors which could inform intervention that would minimize suicidality 4 years post-discharge. METHODS We conducted a prospective longitudinal study of suicidality at twelve points (four assessment occasions) for 286 suicidal youth presenting to a pediatric ER, most suffering from BPD, with 36 suicide ratings from baseline to 2-, 6- and 48-month follow-up evaluations. We examined the trajectory and predictors of persisting suicidality. RESULTS Suicidality rapidly decreased within 2 months post-ER-discharge, subsequently remaining low throughout 48 months. Baseline functioning, female sex, stressful life events and BPD impulsiveness were most predictive of persisting suicidality at 48-month follow-up. CONCLUSION Most suicidal youth, many meeting BPD criteria, no longer feel suicidal 2 months after ER discharge. Management of participants' baseline poor functioning stressful life events and the impulsiveness component of BPD specifically in females could impact suicidality 4 years later, and guide treatment options. The absence of the BPD cognitive and affective subscales as predictors of suicidality at 4-year follow-up may reflect treatment received. Further investigation of treatment effects is warranted and under way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Greenfield
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Canada
| | - Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau
- Mila, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Brown
- Department of Educational & Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alegra Kandiyoti
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Melissa Henry
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Canada
| | - Tania Sasson
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Tania Vivani
- Department of Psychology, Universite de Quebec a Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bonnie Harnden
- Department of Creative Arts Therapies, Faculty of Fine Arts, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Filipa de Castro
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Brian Tran
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Levon Boodaghians
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Margaret Weiss
- Child Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zoe Atsaidis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ashley Wazana
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre for Child Development and Mental Health, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Manoli A, Liversedge SP, Sonuga-Barke EJS, Hadwin JA. The Differential Effect of Anxiety and ADHD Symptoms on Inhibitory Control and Sustained Attention for Threat Stimuli: A Go/No-Go Eye-Movement Study. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:1919-1930. [PMID: 32513052 PMCID: PMC8427811 DOI: 10.1177/1087054720930809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study examined the synergistic effects of ADHD and anxiety symptoms on attention and inhibitory control depending on the emotional content of the stimuli. Method: Fifty-four typically developing individuals (27 children/adolescents and 27 adults) completed an eye-movement based emotional Go/No-Go task, using centrally presented (happy, angry) faces and neutral/symbolic stimuli. Sustained attention was measured through saccade latencies and saccadic omission errors (Go trials), and inhibitory control through saccadic commission errors (No-Go trials). ADHD and anxiety were assessed dimensionally. Results: Elevated ADHD symptoms were associated with more commission errors and slower saccade latencies for angry (vs. happy) faces. In contrast, angry faces were linked to faster saccade onsets when anxiety symptoms were high, and this effect prevailed when both anxiety and ADHD symptoms were high. Conclusion: Social threat impacted performance in individuals with sub-clinical anxiety and ADHD differently. The effects of anxiety on threat processing prevailed when both symptoms were high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Manoli
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK,Athina Manoli, Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, Old Anatomy Building, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Causally Interpretable Meta-analysis: Application in Adolescent HIV Prevention. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2021; 23:403-414. [PMID: 34241752 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endowing meta-analytic results with a causal interpretation is challenging when there are differences in the distribution of effect modifiers among the populations underlying the included trials and the target population where the results of the meta-analysis will be applied. Recent work on transportability methods has described identifiability conditions under which the collection of randomized trials in a meta-analysis can be used to draw causal inferences about the target population. When the conditions hold, the methods enable estimation of causal quantities such as the average treatment effect and conditional average treatment effect in target populations that differ from the populations underlying the trial samples. The methods also facilitate comparison of treatments not directly compared in a head-to-head trial and assessment of comparative effectiveness within subgroups of the target population. We briefly describe these methods and present a worked example using individual participant data from three HIV prevention trials among adolescents in mental health care. We describe practical challenges in defining the target population, obtaining individual participant data from included trials and a sample of the target population, and addressing systematic missing data across datasets. When fully realized, methods for causally interpretable meta-analysis can provide decision-makers valid estimates of how treatments will work in target populations of substantive interest as well as in subgroups of these populations.
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Teplin LA, Potthoff LM, Aaby DA, Welty LJ, Dulcan MK, Abram KM. Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Continuity of Psychiatric Disorders in a 15-Year Longitudinal Study of Youths Involved in the Juvenile Justice System. JAMA Pediatr 2021; 175:e205807. [PMID: 33818599 PMCID: PMC8022269 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.5807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Importance Previous studies have found that one-half to three-quarters of youths detained in juvenile justice facilities have 1 or more psychiatric disorders. Little is known about the course of their disorders as they age. Objective To examine the prevalence, comorbidity, and continuity of 13 psychiatric disorders among youths detained in a juvenile justice facility during the 15 years after detention up to a median age of 31 years, with a focus on sex and racial/ethnic differences. Design, Setting, and Participants The Northwestern Juvenile Project is a longitudinal cohort study of health needs and outcomes of 1829 randomly selected youths in a temporary juvenile detention center in Cook County, Illinois. Youths aged 10 to 18 years were interviewed in detention from November 20, 1995, through June 14, 1998. Participants were reinterviewed up to 12 times during the 15-year study period through February 2015, for a total of 16 372 interviews. The sample was stratified by sex, race/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White), age (10-13 years or 14-18 years), and legal status (processed in juvenile or adult court). Data analysis was conducted from February 2014, when data preparation began, to March 2020. Exposures Detention in a juvenile justice facility. Main Outcomes and Measures Psychiatric disorders, assessed by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, version 2.3 at the baseline interviews. Follow-up interviews were conducted using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, version IV; the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, version IV; and the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (beginning at the 6-year follow-up interview). Results The study included 1829 youths sampled at baseline (1172 males and 657 females; mean [SD] age, 14.9 [1.4] years). Although prevalence and comorbidity of psychiatric disorders decreased as the 1829 participants aged, 52.3% of males and 30.9% of females had at least 1 or more psychiatric disorders 15 years postdetention. Among participants with a disorder at baseline, 64.3% of males and 34.8% of females had a disorder 15 years later. Compared with females, males had 3.37 times the odds of persisting with a psychiatric disorder 15 years after baseline (95% CI, 1.79-6.35). Compared with Black participants and Hispanic participants, non-Hispanic White participants had 1.6 times the odds of behavioral disorders (odds ratio, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.27-1.91 and odds ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.23-2.05, respectively) and greater than 1.3 times the odds of substance use disorders (odds ratio, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.55-2.33 and odds ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.11-1.73, respectively) throughout the follow-up period. Behavioral disorders and substance use disorders were the most prevalent 15 years after detention. Conclusions and Relevance This study's findings suggest that persistent psychiatric disorders may complicate the transition from adolescence to adulthood, which is already challenging for youths involved in the juvenile justice system, many of whom are from racial/ethnic minority groups and low-income backgrounds. The pediatric health community should advocate for early identification and treatment of disorders among youths in the justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Teplin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lauren M. Potthoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David A. Aaby
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leah J. Welty
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mina K. Dulcan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karen M. Abram
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Lawson KM, Atherton OE, Robins RW. The structure of adolescent temperament and associations with psychological functioning: A replication and extension of Snyder et al. (2015). J Pers Soc Psychol 2021; 121:e19-e39. [PMID: 33539154 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study attempts to replicate and extend Snyder et al. (2015, JPSP). The original study examined the latent factor structure of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (EATQ-R), a commonly used measure of adolescent temperament, and showed that the resulting latent factors (i.e., effortful control, negative emotionality, and positive emotionality) had theoretically meaningful concurrent associations with several measures of adolescent functioning (depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], relational aggression, and school performance and behavior). We performed these same analyses using data from a large sample of Mexican-origin youth (N = 674), and also examined prospective associations between the three EATQ-R factors and measures of adolescent functioning assessed two years later. We found some evidence supporting the bifactor models reported in the original study but poor replication of the correlations among latent factors. Additionally, model comparisons demonstrated that correlated factors models produced more interpretable factors than the bifactor models. In contrast, we replicated most of the concurrent correlations (and extended the findings to prospective associations) between the EATQ-R factors and measures of adolescent functioning, supporting the construct validity of the EATQ-R as a measure of adolescent temperament. Thus, these findings raise concerns about the generalizability of the factor structure identified by Snyder et al. (2015), but bolster claims about the generalizability of the concurrent and predictive validity of the EATQ-R. Overall, differences between the present findings and those of Snyder et al. (2015) highlight the importance of ongoing construct validation in youth temperament research, especially with participants from groups traditionally underrepresented in psychological research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Ortin A, Elkington KS, Eisenberg R, Miranda R, Canino G, Bird HR, Duarte CS. Suicide Attempts and Course of Suicidal Ideation among Puerto Rican Early Adolescents. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 47:1723-1734. [PMID: 31065859 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Suicidal behavior increases substantially during early adolescence, a critical understudied developmental period. This study reports on the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and course of suicidal ideation among Puerto Rican early adolescents, a high-risk group for suicidal behavior in adulthood. Gender differences and the prospective association of psychiatric disorders with course of suicidal ideation are examined. Participants were 1228 Puerto Rican adolescents (ages 10-13 at wave 1; 48% female) and parents, selected through probability-based sampling, assessed yearly across three waves. Adolescents and parents reported via Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV about 12-month suicide attempts and suicidal ideation (further categorized as never present, onset, recurrence, and remission), mood and anxiety disorders; parents reported on disruptive disorders. Over the three waves, 9.5% early adolescents thought about suicide and 2.1% attempted suicide. In adjusted multinomial regression models, compared to those with never present suicidal ideation, female gender was related to onset of suicidal ideation (OR = 2.60; 95% CI, 1.22-5.55). Disruptive disorders were related to onset (OR = 5.80; 95% CI, 2.06-16.32) and recurrence of suicidal ideation (OR = 5.07, 95% CI, 1.14-22.47), mood disorders were related to remission (OR = 14.42, 95% CI, 3.90-53.23), and anxiety disorders to onset of suicidal ideation (OR = 3.68, 95% CI, 1.75-7.73). Our findings inform strategies tailored for early adolescents. To address onset of suicidal ideation, prevention should focus on girls and those with anxiety or disruptive disorders. When ideation is recurrent, interventions oriented to reduce disruptive behavior and its consequences may help achieve remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ortin
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, Room 611HN, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Katherine S Elkington
- Division of Gender, Sexuality and Health, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 15, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ruth Eisenberg
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer Building, Room 1303, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Regina Miranda
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, Room 611HN, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, Office A928 9th Floor, Rio Piedras, PR, 00935, USA
| | - Hector R Bird
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 43, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Cristiane S Duarte
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 43, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Mann FD, Atherton OE, DeYoung CG, Krueger RF, Robins RW. Big five personality traits and common mental disorders within a hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology: A longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 129:769-787. [PMID: 32969675 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study (a) tested whether a structure of common mental disorders within the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology was invariant from late childhood to adolescence in a sample of Mexican-origin youth, (b) examined the developmental course of psychopathology at different levels of the hierarchy, and (c) tested the degree to which changes in psychopathology were associated with changes in the Big Five personality domains. Results were consistent with the longitudinal hierarchical invariance of common mental disorders from age 12 to 17 (n = 674). Further, initial levels of conscientiousness, agreeableness, and emotional stability were positively associated with lower initial levels of a higher order factor of psychopathology, and increases in extraversion and decreases in neuroticism were associated with decreases in a higher order factor of psychopathology, which captured the general tendency for externalizing, internalizing, and attention-hyperactivity-related dimensions of psychopathology to correlate. Results of the present study indicate that a hierarchical model of common mental disorders extends to Mexican-origin youth and that developmental change in Big Five personality are related to developmental change in psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank D Mann
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
| | | | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities
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McClowry SG. The Science and Art of Using Temperament as the Basis for Intervention. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02796015.1998.12085937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Barker DH, Hadley W, McGee H, Donenberg GR, DiClemente RJ, Brown LK. Evaluating the Role of Family Context Within a Randomized Adolescent HIV-Risk Prevention Trial. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:1195-1209. [PMID: 30701390 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-019-02400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Project STYLE is a multi-site 3-arm RCT comparing family-based, adolescent-only, and general health promotion interventions with 721 adolescents in mental health treatment. This study reports 12-month outcomes for family context and sexual risk behaviors, and explores the role of baseline family context in modifying treatment response. Using the full sample, there were sustained benefits for parent-reported sexual communication (d = 0.28), and adolescent-reported parental monitoring (d = 0.24), with minimal differences in risk behaviors. Latent profile analysis identified four family context classes: struggling (n = 177), authoritative (n = 183), authoritarian (n = 175), and permissive (n = 181). The authoritarian and permissive classes were also distinguished by disagreement between parent and adolescent report of family context. Classes differed in terms of baseline mental health burden and baseline sexual risk behavior. Classes showed different patterns of treatment effects, with the struggling class showing consistent benefit for both family context and sexual risk. In contrast, the authoritarian class showed a mixed response for family context and increased sexual risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Barker
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Wendy Hadley
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Heather McGee
- Office of Medical Education, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Geri R Donenberg
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Larry K Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Ford T, Hayes R, Byford S, Edwards V, Fletcher M, Logan S, Norwich B, Pritchard W, Allen K, Allwood M, Ganguli P, Grimes K, Hansford L, Longdon B, Norman S, Price A, Ukoumunne OC. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Incredible Years® Teacher Classroom Management programme in primary school children: results of the STARS cluster randomised controlled trial. Psychol Med 2019; 49:828-842. [PMID: 30017006 PMCID: PMC6425365 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718001484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Incredible Years® Teacher Classroom Management (TCM) programme as a universal intervention, given schools' important influence on child mental health. METHODS A two-arm, pragmatic, parallel group, superiority, cluster randomised controlled trial recruited three cohorts of schools (clusters) between 2012 and 2014, randomising them to TCM (intervention) or Teaching As Usual (TAU-control). TCM was delivered to teachers in six whole-day sessions, spread over 6 months. Schools and teachers were not masked to allocation. The primary outcome was teacher-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Total Difficulties score. Random effects linear regression and marginal logistic regression models using Generalised Estimating Equations were used to analyse the outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN84130388. RESULTS Eighty schools (2075 children) were enrolled; 40 (1037 children) to TCM and 40 (1038 children) to TAU. Outcome data were collected at 9, 18, and 30-months for 96, 89, and 85% of children, respectively. The intervention reduced the SDQ-Total Difficulties score at 9 months (mean (s.d.):5.5 (5.4) in TCM v. 6.2 (6.2) in TAU; adjusted mean difference = -1.0; 95% CI-1.9 to -0.1; p = 0.03) but this did not persist at 18 or 30 months. Cost-effectiveness analysis suggested that TCM may be cost-effective compared with TAU at 30-months, but this result was associated with uncertainty so no firm conclusions can be drawn. A priori subgroup analyses suggested TCM is more effective for children with poor mental health. CONCLUSIONS TCM provided a small, short-term improvement to children's mental health particularly for children who are already struggling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin Ford
- University of Exeter Medical School, South Cloisters, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Rachel Hayes
- University of Exeter Medical School, South Cloisters, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Sarah Byford
- King's College London, King's Health Economics, Box PO24, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Vanessa Edwards
- University of Exeter Medical School, South Cloisters, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Malcolm Fletcher
- University of Exeter Medical School, South Cloisters, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Stuart Logan
- University of Exeter Medical School, South Cloisters, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Brahm Norwich
- Graduate School of Education, University of Exeter, North Cloisters, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Will Pritchard
- Education and Early Years, Cornwall County Council, 3 West, New County Hall, Treyew Road, Truro, TR1 3AY Truro, TR1 3AY, UK
| | - Kate Allen
- University of Exeter Medical School, South Cloisters, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Matthew Allwood
- University of Exeter Medical School, South Cloisters, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Poushali Ganguli
- King's College London, King's Health Economics, Box PO24, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Katie Grimes
- Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education, University of British Columbia, 2125 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lorraine Hansford
- University of Exeter Medical School, South Cloisters, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Bryony Longdon
- University of Exeter Medical School, South Cloisters, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Shelley Norman
- University of Exeter, Sir Henry Wellcome Building, Streatham campus, University of Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK
| | - Anna Price
- University of Exeter Medical School, South Cloisters, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Obioha C. Ukoumunne
- NIHR CLAHRC South West Peninsula (PenCLAHRC), University of Exeter, South Cloisters, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
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Atherton OE, Lawson KM, Ferrer E, Robins RW. The role of effortful control in the development of ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms. J Pers Soc Psychol 2019; 118:1226-1246. [PMID: 30920279 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Many adolescents have difficulty regulating their impulses and become prone to externalizing problems (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], oppositional defiant disorder [ODD], and conduct disorder [CD]) and other adverse consequences. Using multimethod data from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth (N = 674), assessed annually from age 10 to 16, we examined the relations between effortful control and ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms over time. Bivariate latent growth curve models showed negative correlations between the trajectories of effortful control and ADHD, ODD, and CD, indicating that steeper decreases in effortful control were related to steeper increases in ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms. Using a novel statistical technique, the factor of curves model (FOCUS), we found that ADHD, ODD, and CD share a common "externalizing" trajectory during adolescence. Although effortful control was strongly associated with this common trajectory, it had few unique associations with the individual disorder trajectories, above and beyond their shared trajectory. When we extended the FOCUS model to include the effortful control trajectory as an indicator, we found that ADHD and ODD had strong loadings, whereas effortful control and CD had comparatively weak loadings on the shared developmental trajectory. Follow-up analyses showed that a two-factor solution, with externalizing symptom trajectories on one factor and the effortful control facet trajectories on a separate factor, was a better fit to the data than a one-factor solution. Finally, parent ASPD symptoms were related to increases in CD, but had no significant influence on effortful control, ADHD, or ODD. We discuss the implications for personality and externalizing problem development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emilio Ferrer
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis
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Bhide S, Sciberras E, Anderson V, Hazell P, Nicholson JM. Association Between Parenting Style and Socio-Emotional and Academic Functioning in Children With and Without ADHD: A Community-Based Study. J Atten Disord 2019; 23:463-474. [PMID: 27474160 DOI: 10.1177/1087054716661420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In a community-based study, we examined parenting style and its relationship to functioning in 6- to 8-year-old children ( n = 391; 66.2% male) with ADHD ( n = 179), compared with non-ADHD controls ( n = 212). METHOD Parenting style was assessed using parent-reported (93.5% female) measures of warmth, consistency, and anger. Child socio-emotional and academic functioning was measured via parent- and teacher-reported scales, and direct academic assessment. RESULTS Parents reported less consistency and more anger in the ADHD group compared with non-ADHD controls, with no differences in warmth. Parenting warmth, consistency, and anger were associated with parent-reported aspects of socio-emotional functioning for children with ADHD and non-ADHD controls, after adjusting for socio-demographic variables, externalizing comorbidities, and ADHD symptom severity. Parenting style was no longer related to academic functioning and most teacher-reported outcomes after adjustment. CONCLUSION Generic parenting interventions that promote warm, consistent, and calm parenting may help alleviate socio-emotional impairments in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampada Bhide
- 1 Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,2 University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma Sciberras
- 1 Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,2 University of Melbourne, Australia.,3 The Royal Childrens Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,4 Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vicki Anderson
- 1 Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,2 University of Melbourne, Australia.,3 The Royal Childrens Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Jan M Nicholson
- 1 Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,6 La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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24
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Sparti C, Santomauro D, Cruwys T, Burgess P, Harris M. Disordered eating among Australian adolescents: Prevalence, functioning, and help received. Int J Eat Disord 2019; 52:246-254. [PMID: 30734332 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of disordered eating (DE) among Australian adolescents and examine associations with clinical mental health problems, problems with functioning, and help received. METHOD We analyzed data from the Young Minds Matter survey (n = 2,298, 13-17 years). We derived an index of DE severity with four levels: (1) no DE; (2) subclinical DE; (3) suspected eating disorder; and (4) lifetime eating disorder diagnosis. RESULTS In 2013-2014, 31.6% (95%CI 35.5-39.9) of Australian adolescents experienced DE, comprising 25.7% (95%CI 23.9-37.6) with subclinical DE, 11.0% (95%CI 9.7-12.6) with a suspected eating disorder, and 0.9% (95%CI 0.6-1.3) with a lifetime eating disorder diagnosis. DE was more common among girls (41.4%, 95%CI 37.9-44.4) than boys (34.0%, 95%CI 31.1-37.0; p = .002). Adolescents with DE, compared to those without, were more likely to experience clinical mental health problems and problems with functioning. Most adolescents with DE reported help-seeking in the past year, commonly self-help; around 40% used school-based, primary care or specialist services (i.e., formal services). In multivariate analyses, the use of more specialized and intensive services was associated with more severe DE, greater problems with functioning, female gender, and 12-month mental disorder or subthreshold mental disorder symptoms. DISCUSSION The implementation of mental health promotion and prevention efforts for DE, and screening for DE in school and primary care settings, may facilitate detection and appropriate help-seeking among adolescents with DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sparti
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Policy and Epidemiology Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Damian Santomauro
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Policy and Epidemiology Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tegan Cruwys
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Philip Burgess
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Policy and Epidemiology Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Meredith Harris
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Policy and Epidemiology Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia
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25
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Ford T, Hayes R, Byford S, Edwards V, Fletcher M, Logan S, Norwich B, Pritchard W, Allen K, Allwood M, Ganguli P, Grimes K, Hansford L, Longdon B, Norman S, Price A, Russell AE, Ukoumunne OC. Training teachers in classroom management to improve mental health in primary school children: the STARS cluster RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3310/phr07060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPoor mental health in childhood is common, persistent and associated with a range of adverse outcomes that include persistent psychopathology, as well as risk-taking behaviour, criminality and educational failure, all of which may also compromise health. There is a growing policy focus on children’s mental health and the role of schools in particular in addressing this.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether or not the Incredible Years®(IY) Teacher Classroom Management (TCM) training improved children’s mental health, behaviour, educational attainment and enjoyment of school, improved teachers’ mental health and relationship with work, and was cost-effective in relation to potential improvements.DesignA two-arm, pragmatic, parallel-group, superiority, cluster randomised controlled trial.SettingA total of 80 UK schools (clusters) were recruited in three distinct cohorts between 2012 and 2014 and randomised to TCM (intervention) or teaching as usual [(TAU) control] with follow-ups at 9, 18 and 30 months. Schools and teachers were not masked to allocation.ParticipantsEighty schools (n = 2075 children) were randomised: 40 (n = 1037 children) to TCM and 40 (n = 1038 children) to TAU.InterventionsTCM was delivered to teachers in six whole-day sessions, spread over 6 months. The explicit goals of TCM are to enhance classroom management skills and improve teacher–student relationships.Main outcome measuresThe primary planned outcome was the teacher-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Total Difficulties (SDQ-TD) score. Random-effects linear regression and marginal logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations were used to analyse outcomes.ResultsThe intervention reduced the SDQ-TD score at 9 months [adjusted mean difference (AMD) –1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) –1.9 to –0.1;p = 0.03] but there was little evidence of effects at 18 months (AMD –0.1, 95% CI –1.5 to 1.2;p = 0.85) and 30 months (AMD –0.7, 95% CI –1.9 to 0.4;p = 0.23). Planned subgroup analyses suggested that TCM is more effective than TAU for children with poor mental health. Cost-effectiveness analysis using the SDQ-TD suggested that the probability of TCM being cost-effective compared with TAU was associated with some uncertainty (range of 40% to 80% depending on the willingness to pay for a unit improvement in SDQ-TD score). In terms of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), there was evidence to suggest that TCM was cost-effective compared with TAU at the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence thresholds of £20,000–30,000 per QALY at 9- and 18-month follow-up, but not at 30-month follow-up. There was evidence of reduced disruptive behaviour (p = 0.04) and reductions in inattention and overactivity (p = 0.02) at the 30-month follow-up. Despite no main effect on educational attainment, subgroup analysis indicated that the intervention’s effect differed between those who did and those who did not have poor mental health for both literacy (interactionp = 0.04) and numeracy (interactionp = 0.03). Independent blind observations and qualitative feedback from teachers suggested that teachers’ behaviour in the classroom changed as a result of attending TCM training.LimitationsTeachers were not masked to allocation and attrition was marked for parent-reported data.ConclusionsOur findings provide tentative evidence that TCM may be an effective universal child mental health intervention in the short term, particularly for primary school children who are identified as struggling, and it may be a cost-effective intervention in the short term.Future workFurther research should explore TCM as a whole-school approach by training all school staff and should evaluate the impact of TCM on academic progress in a more thorough and systematic manner.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN84130388.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full inPublic Health Research; Vol. 7, No. 6. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. Funding was also provided by the NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South West Peninsula (NIHR CLAHRC South West Peninsula).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin Ford
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Sarah Byford
- King’s Health Economics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Brahm Norwich
- Graduate School of Education, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Will Pritchard
- Education and Early Years, Cornwall County Council, Truro, UK
| | - Kate Allen
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Poushali Ganguli
- King’s Health Economics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Katie Grimes
- Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Anna Price
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Obioha C Ukoumunne
- National Institute for Health Research Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South West Peninsula (PenCLAHRC), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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26
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Calhoun BH, Ridenour TA, Fishbein DH. Associations between Child Maltreatment, Harsh Parenting, and Sleep with Adolescent Mental Health. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2019; 28:116-130. [PMID: 31354225 PMCID: PMC6660198 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-1261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Youth who suffer from psychiatric disorders are at high risk for negative outcomes, including aggression and substance abuse. Although many youth with psychiatric disorders have endured harsh parenting and/or child maltreatment (CM), differential associations between these experiential factors have yet to be fully explored. Sleep problems have also been implicated in psychiatric disorders and are consistently associated with CM. The overlap and unique contributions of CM and sleep problems to the mental health of youth remains unclear; longitudinal studies from late childhood into adolescence, when psychiatric illnesses frequently onset, are rare. The current longitudinal study examined associations of CM, harsh parenting, and sleep problems with symptoms of four psychiatric disorders: Conduct Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety, and Depression. Early adolescent youth with no history of substance use (N = 529) were sampled from a working class, medium-sized city in northern Kentucky, and an extensive battery of tests were administered to youth and a parent. CM was more strongly and consistently related to psychiatric disorder symptoms at baseline than was harsh parenting. Reports of harsh parenting were more strongly associated with externalizing symptoms than internalizing symptoms. Sleep problems were also positively associated with psychiatric disorder symptoms at baseline, but did not exacerbate the effects of CM or harsh parenting on symptom counts. Longitudinally, harsh parenting was more predictive of change in psychiatric symptoms two to three years later than was CM. The potential significance of childhood adversity and sleep problems for prevention of later mental health problems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Calhoun
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 119 Health and Human Development Bldg., University Park, PA 16802,
| | | | - Diana H Fishbein
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,
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27
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Moriyama TS, van Os J, Gadelha A, Pan PM, Salum GA, Manfro GG, Mari JDJ, Miguel EC, Rohde LA, Polanczyk GV, McGuire P, Bressan RA, Drukker M. Differences Between Self-Reported Psychotic Experiences, Clinically Relevant Psychotic Experiences, and Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms in the General Population. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:782. [PMID: 31736802 PMCID: PMC6829673 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Psychotic experiences in childhood (such as hearing voices or being suspicious) represent an important phenotype for early intervention. However, these experiences can be defined in several ways: self-reported psychotic experiences (SRPE) rely exclusively on the child's report, clinically validated psychotic experiences (CRPE) are based on clinical assessment, and attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) represents a categorization to do with clinical relevance in relation to severity. Very few studies have investigated how these distinctions impact clinical and other domains. The present study aims to compare SRPE, CRPE, and APS among children and adolescents. Methods: This study is part of the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders, in which 2,241 individuals aged 6-14 years provided self-ratings of 20 psychotic experiences using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). A trained psychologist conducted an interview to validate or reject reported experiences and to rate the presence of APS and affective flattening. In parallel, parents provided information about child mental health to an independent interviewer. We tested the association of mutually exclusive categories of non-validated SRPE (nSRPE), clinically validated PE below the threshold for APS (nCRPE), and APS (nSRPE = 33%, nCRPE = 11%, APS = 6%), with parents' information about the child's positive attributes and levels of psychopathology and psychologist assessment of blunted affect. Results: Most associations were qualitatively similar, and there was a dose-response in the strength of associations across categories, such that APS > nCRPE > nSRPE. Experiences in all three categories were associated with female sex. nSRPE were associated with overall levels of psychopathology, but to a lesser degree than nCRPE and APS. APS and nCRPE were associated with less positive attributes, with APS more so than nCRPE. Only APS was associated with affective flattening. Conclusions: In children and adolescents, SRPE, CRPE, and APS all index liability for psychopathology, but as clinician rated relevance increases, associations get stronger and become evident across more domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tais Silveira Moriyama
- Centro de Atendimento Especializado, Instituto Bairral de Psiquiatria, Itapira, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mario Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jair de Jesus Mari
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eurípedes Constantino Miguel
- Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Vanoni Polanczyk
- Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marjan Drukker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
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28
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Duncan L, Comeau J, Wang L, Vitoroulis I, Boyle MH, Bennett K. Research Review: Test-retest reliability of standardized diagnostic interviews to assess child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:16-29. [PMID: 29457645 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better understanding of factors contributing to the observed variability in estimates of test-retest reliability in published studies on standardized diagnostic interviews (SDI) is needed. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to estimate the pooled test-retest reliability for parent and youth assessments of seven common disorders, and to examine sources of between-study heterogeneity in reliability. METHODS Following a systematic review of the literature, multilevel random effects meta-analyses were used to analyse 202 reliability estimates (Cohen's kappa = ҡ) from 31 eligible studies and 5,369 assessments of 3,344 children and youth. RESULTS Pooled reliability was moderate at ҡ = .58 (CI 95% 0.53-0.63) and between-study heterogeneity was substantial (Q = 2,063 (df = 201), p < .001 and I2 = 79%). In subgroup analysis, reliability varied across informants for specific types of psychiatric disorder (ҡ = .53-.69 for parent vs. ҡ = .39-.68 for youth) with estimates significantly higher for parents on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder and the broad groupings of externalizing and any disorder. Reliability was also significantly higher in studies with indicators of poor or fair study methodology quality (sample size <50, retest interval <7 days). CONCLUSIONS Our findings raise important questions about the meaningfulness of published evidence on the test-retest reliability of SDIs and the usefulness of these tools in both clinical and research contexts. Potential remedies include the introduction of standardized study and reporting requirements for reliability studies, and exploration of other approaches to assessing and classifying child and adolescent psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Duncan
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact (formerly Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jinette Comeau
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Li Wang
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact (formerly Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Irene Vitoroulis
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael H Boyle
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn Bennett
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact (formerly Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Interplay of Race and Criminal Justice Involvement on Sexual Behaviors of Young Men Who Have Sex With Men. J Adolesc Health 2018; 63:197-204. [PMID: 29880441 PMCID: PMC6113107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Criminal justice involvement is a significant problem in the United States, and poses substantial negative immediate and long-term effects, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Research has been mixed on the association between a history of arrest or incarceration and an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus, but there are clear trends in the association between criminal justice involvement and sexual risk behaviors. METHODS Drawing from a racially or ethnically diverse sample of young men who have sex with men, we conducted an investigation into whether there was a temporal relationship between history of criminal justice involvement and engagement in high-risk sexual behaviors. We also examined whether sexual behaviors among black men who have sex with men (MSM) were more substantially impacted by arrest or incarceration than those of non-black MSM. Data were collected within a longitudinal study of young MSM in Chicago. RESULTS More than one-third of participants (37.8%) reported having ever been in trouble with the police in their lifetime, and 10% had been incarcerated. In multivariable analysis, black race, history of incarceration, and the interaction were all significantly positively associated with an increase in reported number of male anal sex partners. CONCLUSIONS We found that the intersection between race and criminal justice involvement plays a major role in sexual behaviors. More research is needed to understand why a history of arrest or incarceration has a much more profound effect on black MSM than on non-black MSM.
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Fagan SE, Zhang W, Gao Y. Social Adversity and Antisocial Behavior: Mediating Effects of Autonomic Nervous System Activity. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 45:1553-1564. [PMID: 28070755 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The display of antisocial behaviors in children and adolescents has been of interest to criminologists and developmental psychologists for years. Exposure to social adversity is a well-documented predictor of antisocial behavior. Additionally, measures of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, including heart rate variability (HRV), pre-ejection period (PEP), and heart rate, have been associated with antisocial behaviors including rule-breaking and aggression. Social neuroscience research has begun to investigate how neurobiological underpinnings affect the relationship between social adversity and antisocial/psychopathic behavior in children and adolescents. This study investigated the potential mediating effects of ANS activity on the relationship between social adversity and antisocial behavior in a group of 7- to 10-year-old children from the community (N = 339; 48.2% male). Moderated multiple mediation analyses revealed that low resting heart rate, but not PEP or HRV, mediated the relationship between social adversity and antisocial behavior in males only. Social adversity but not ANS measures were associated with antisocial behavior in females. Findings have implications for understanding the neural influences that underlie antisocial behavior, illustrate the importance of the social environment regarding the expression of these behaviors, and highlight essential gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn E Fagan
- Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA
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31
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Hadley W, Lansing A, Barker DH, Brown LK, Hunter H, Donenberg G, DiClemente RJ. The longitudinal impact of a family-based communication intervention on observational and self-reports of sexual communication. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2018; 27:1098-1109. [PMID: 29910594 PMCID: PMC5999025 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-017-0949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Parents can play a vital role in shaping teenagers' sexual attitudes, behavior, and contraceptive use through communication, however, less is known about how to modify parent-adolescent communication among youth with mental health problems. The impact of a family-based sexual risk prevention intervention on both observational and self-report of parent adolescent sexual communication was examined at 12-months among adolescents with mental health problems. Of the 721 parent- adolescent dyads recruited for the study, 167 videotapes of sexual discussions between parents and adolescent were coded for the family-based intervention and 191 videotapes for the active comparison. Longitudinal analyses examined differences between conditions (family-based vs. comparison) in self-reported and observed parent-adolescent sexual discussions and also examined the impact of gender on intervention response. More parent I-statements, healthier parent Body-Language, and fewer adolescent Negative Vocalizations were detected for family-based intervention participants 12 months after participating in the brief intervention (11 hours of total intervention time) relative to those in the comparison condition. Parents in the family-based intervention also self-reported better sexual communication at 12-months. The current study provides supporting evidence that a relatively brief family-based intervention was successful at addressing parent-adolescent sexual communication among a mental health sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Hadley
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center/Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin Street, Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Amy Lansing
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - David H Barker
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center/Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin Street, Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Larry K Brown
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center/Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin Street, Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Heather Hunter
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center/Rhode Island Hospital and the Alpert Medical School of Brown University, One Hoppin Street, Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903
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Zuckerbrot RA, Cheung A, Jensen PS, Stein RE, Laraque D, Levitt A, Birmaher B, Campo J, Clarke G, Emslie G, Kaufman M, Kelleher KJ, Kutcher S, Malus M, Sacks D, Waslick B, Sarvet B. Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in Primary Care (GLAD-PC): Part I. Practice Preparation, Identification, Assessment, and Initial Management. Pediatrics 2018; 141:peds.2017-4081. [PMID: 29483200 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To update clinical practice guidelines to assist primary care (PC) clinicians in the management of adolescent depression. This part of the updated guidelines is used to address practice preparation, identification, assessment, and initial management of adolescent depression in PC settings. METHODS By using a combination of evidence- and consensus-based methodologies, guidelines were developed by an expert steering committee in 2 phases as informed by (1) current scientific evidence (published and unpublished) and (2) draft revision and iteration among the steering committee, which included experts, clinicians, and youth and families with lived experience. RESULTS Guidelines were updated for youth aged 10 to 21 years and correspond to initial phases of adolescent depression management in PC, including the identification of at-risk youth, assessment and diagnosis, and initial management. The strength of each recommendation and its evidence base are summarized. The practice preparation, identification, assessment, and initial management section of the guidelines include recommendations for (1) the preparation of the PC practice for improved care of adolescents with depression; (2) annual universal screening of youth 12 and over at health maintenance visits; (3) the identification of depression in youth who are at high risk; (4) systematic assessment procedures by using reliable depression scales, patient and caregiver interviews, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria; (5) patient and family psychoeducation; (6) the establishment of relevant links in the community, and (7) the establishment of a safety plan. CONCLUSIONS This part of the guidelines is intended to assist PC clinicians in the identification and initial management of adolescents with depression in an era of great clinical need and shortage of mental health specialists, but they cannot replace clinical judgment; these guidelines are not meant to be the sole source of guidance for depression management in adolescents. Additional research that addresses the identification and initial management of youth with depression in PC is needed, including empirical testing of these guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Zuckerbrot
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | | | - Peter S. Jensen
- University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Ruth E.K. Stein
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York; and
| | - Danielle Laraque
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
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Boyle MH, Duncan L, Georgiades K, Bennett K, Gonzalez A, Van Lieshout RJ, Szatmari P, MacMillan HL, Kata A, Ferro MA, Lipman EL, Janus M. Classifying child and adolescent psychiatric disorder by problem checklists and standardized interviews. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2017; 26:e1544. [PMID: 27859934 PMCID: PMC6877278 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses the need for research on the psychometric adequacy of self-completed problem checklists to classify child and adolescent psychiatric disorder based on proxy assessments by parents and self-assessments by adolescents. We put forward six theoretical arguments for expecting checklists to achieve comparable levels of reliability and validity with standardized diagnostic interviews for identifying child psychiatric disorder in epidemiological studies and clinical research. Empirically, the modest levels of test-retest reliability exhibited by standardized diagnostic interviews - 0.40 to 0.60 based on kappa - should be achievable by checklists when thresholds or cut-points are applied to scale scores to identify a child with disorder. The few studies to conduct head-to-head comparisons of checklists and interviews in the 1990s concurred that no construct validity differences existed between checklist and interview classifications of disorder, even though the classifications of youth with psychiatric disorder only partially overlapped across instruments. Demonstrating that self-completed problem checklists can classify disorder with similar reliability and validity as standardized diagnostic interviews would provide a simple, brief, flexible way to measuring psychiatric disorder as both a categorical or dimensional phenomenon as well as dramatically lowering the burden and cost of assessments in epidemiological studies and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Boyle
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Laura Duncan
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kathy Georgiades
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kathryn Bennett
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Harriet L MacMillan
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Anna Kata
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mark A Ferro
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ellen L Lipman
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Magdalena Janus
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Cunningham K, Martinez DA, Scott-Sheldon LAJ, Carey KB, Carey MP. Alcohol Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors among Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2017; 26:353-366. [PMID: 29204066 DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2017.1305934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents with psychiatric disorders appear to be at increased risk for acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections; however, little is known about the prevalence of behavioral risk factors in this population. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors among adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Electronic database searches identified studies sampling adolescents diagnosed with psychiatric disorders and assessing both alcohol and sexual risk behaviors. Fourteen studies sampling 3,029 adolescents with psychiatric disorders were included. The majority of adolescents with psychiatric disorders report alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors. Risk reduction interventions targeting these two behaviors are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlene Cunningham
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David A Martinez
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lori A J Scott-Sheldon
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kate B Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael P Carey
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Bennett SD, Coughtrey AE, Shafran R, Heyman I. Measurement Issues: The measurement of obsessive compulsive disorder in children and young people in clinical practice. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2017; 22:100-112. [PMID: 32680318 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND If left untreated, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) can cause significant distress and impact on functioning throughout the lifespan. Despite the severity of the disorder, there is often a significant delay between the onset of symptoms and successful treatment. This is in part due to delays in recognising OCD symptoms in young people, particularly if the symptom forms are less common. Once OCD is accurately diagnosed, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is known to be an efficacious treatment, sometimes in combination with medication, producing good long-term prognosis. It is therefore important to accurately detect OCD in children and young people so that they can be offered timely intervention. Use of the best tools in clinical and research settings improves detection and diagnosis, as well as enabling the tracking of progress through treatment. The aim of this current paper was to review measurement tools for OCD in young people with a focus on the practicalities of using tools in busy child mental health clinical settings. METHOD To discover what measurement tools are available for OCD in young people, we conducted a pragmatic literature of measurement tools for OCD in young people. We searched PsycINFO, Med-Line and the Cochrane databases for reports relating to the measurement of OCD. Additionally, we sought information from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance, the Child Outcomes Research Consortium (CORC) website and the Children and Young People's Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (CYP IAPT) Programme. We also reviewed large trials and meta-analyses of the treatment of OCD in young people and communicated with relevant researchers/clinicians. RESULTS Seventeen questionnaire measurement tools, with variable psychometric properties, and four commonly used semistructured clinician administered interview measures were identified. CONCLUSIONS There are several measurement tools with good psychometric properties that are useful for initial screening/identification of OCD, as well as formal diagnosis, symptom tracking and treatment evaluation. With the availability of brief screens, as well as online diagnostic measures, such tools should not be a burden on clinical practice, but rather a helpful aid to support clinicians' assessment and treatment of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie D Bennett
- UCL, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Anna E Coughtrey
- UCL, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Roz Shafran
- UCL, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Isobel Heyman
- UCL, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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Gagne JR, O'Sullivan DL, Schmidt NL, Spann CA, Goldsmith HH. The Shared Etiology of Attentional Control and Anxiety: An Adolescent Twin Study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2017; 27:122-138. [PMID: 28498525 PMCID: PMC5431083 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the etiology of attentional control (AC) and four different anxiety symptom types (generalized, obsessive-compulsive, separation, and social) in an adolescent sample of over 400 twin pairs. Genetic factors contributed to 55% of the variance in AC and between 43 and 58% of the variance in anxiety. Negative phenotypic associations between AC and anxiety indicated that lower attentional ability is related to increased risk for all 4 anxiety categories. Genetic correlations between AC and anxiety phenotypes ranged from -.36 to -.47, with evidence of nonshared environmental covariance between AC and generalized and separation anxiety. Results suggest that AC is a phenotypic and genetic risk factor for anxiety in early adolescence, with somewhat differing levels of risk depending on symptomatology.
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Griffith SF, Arnold DH, Rolon-Arroyo B, Harvey EA. Neuropsychological Predictors of ODD Symptom Dimensions in Young Children. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 48:80-92. [PMID: 28080145 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1266643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a commonly diagnosed childhood behavior disorder, yet knowledge of relations between ODD and early neuropsychological functions, particularly independent of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is still limited. In addition, studies have not examined neuropsy chological functioning as it relates to the different ODD symptom dimensions. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate how preschool neuropsychological functioning predicted negative affect, oppositional behavior, and antagonistic behavior symptom dimensions of ODD in 224 six-year-old children, oversampled for early behavior problems. Working memory, inhibition, and sustained attention predicted negative affect symptoms of ODD, controlling for ADHD, whereas delay aversion uniquely predicted oppositional behavior, controlling for ADHD. Delay aversion also marginally predicted antagonistic behavior, controlling for ADHD. Results demonstrate that different ODD symptom dimensions may be differentially predicted by different neuropsychological functions. The findings further underscore the importance of future research on ODD to take into account the possible heterogeneity of both symptoms and underlying neuropsychological functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayl F Griffith
- a Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - David H Arnold
- a Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | | | - Elizabeth A Harvey
- a Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts Amherst
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Abstract
Youth- and parent-rated screening measures derived from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) were compared on their psychometric properties as predictors of caseness in adolescence (mean age 14). Successful screening was judged firstly against the likelihood of having an ICD-10 psychiatric diagnosis and secondly by the ability to discriminate between community (N = 252) and clinical (N = 86) samples (sample status). Both, SDQ and DAWBA measures adequately predicted the presence of an ICD-10 disorder as well as sample status. The hypothesis that there was an informant gradient was confirmed: youth self-reports were less discriminating than parent reports, whereas combined parent and youth reports were more discriminating-a finding replicated across a diversity of measures. When practical constraints only permit screening for caseness using either a parent or an adolescent informant, parents are the better source of information.
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McGrath AM, Handwerk ML, Armstrong KJ, Lucas CP, Friman PC. The Validity of the ADHD Section of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. Behav Modif 2016; 28:349-74. [PMID: 15104867 DOI: 10.1177/0145445503258987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the concurrent criterion validity of the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) portion of the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children–IV (NIMHDISC-IV). Fifty-seven adolescent participants were divided into three groups on the basis of whether participants met criteria for ADHD on caretaker and adolescent responses on the DISC: (a) 18 participants for whom both the caretakers and adolescents endorsed ADHD, (b) 17 participants for whom the caretakers but not the youth endorsed ADHD, and (c) a clinical control group with no ADHD diagnosis ( n = 22). These three groups were compared across parent, teacher, and adolescent checklists; clinician diagnosis; and three objective measures of behavior (continuous performance task, actigraphy monitoring, and a structured observation). Findings lend partial support to the concurrent criterion validity of the ADHD section of DISC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M McGrath
- Father Flanagan's Boys' Home, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA
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40
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O’Sullivan LF, Jaramillo BMS, Moreau D, Meyer-Bahlburg HFL. Mother-Daughter Communication about Sexuality in a Clinical Sample of Hispanic Adolescent Girls. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0739986399214005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mother-daughter communication about sexuality within minority families has received little research attention at a time of increasing prevalence rates of adolescent HIV infection in these groups. Even less is known about communication in families with psychiatrically disturbed adolescents. As part of an HIV-intervention study, 110 adolescent girls (ages 13-18) and their mothers completed questionnaires assessing communication patterns and adolescent sexual behavior. Reported quality of general mother-daughter communication was more useful in predicting onset of sexual experiences than aspects of later sexual experiences. Communication about sexuality, specifically, however, was not related to adolescents’ reported sexual behavior. Our findings emphasize the need to address sex education requirements at relatively young ages and to consider the range of information sources available to girls in communicating risk-prevention messages.
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41
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Dudley C, O’Sullivan LF, Moreau D. Does Familiarity Breed Complacency? Hiv Knowledge, Personal Contact, and Sexual Risk Behavior of Psychiatrically Referred Latino Adolescent Girls. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0739986302024003006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although psychiatrically disturbed minority youth are at high risk for contracting HIV, little is known about HIV risk among this population. As part of a larger HIV intervention study, 110 psychiatrically referred, Latino adolescent girls (13 to 18 years old) completed questionnaires assessing their HIV knowledge, personal contact with an individual with HIV or AIDS, and sexual risk behaviors. The results indicate that girls’level of knowledge was high and that HIV knowledge was positively correlated with participation in sexually risky behaviors. Moreover, personal contact with a person with HIV or AIDS had a strong positive correlation with numbers of sexual encounters and partners. Most of the girls reported believing that they were not vulnerable to AIDS. The findings emphasize the need for efforts to address how psychiatrically disturbed adolescents residing in major urban settings may be unable to integrate effectively more abstract HIV knowledge into their personal health choices and may be vulnerable to sexual exploitation by others by virtue of their impaired decision-making skills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donna Moreau
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University
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42
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Liu RT. Taxometric evidence of a dimensional latent structure for depression in an epidemiological sample of children and adolescents. Psychol Med 2016; 46:1265-1275. [PMID: 26744249 PMCID: PMC4958619 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715002792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A basic phenomenological question of much theoretical and empirical interest is whether the latent structure of depression is dimensional or categorical in nature. Prior taxometric studies of youth depression have yielded mixed findings. In a step towards resolving these contradictory findings, the current taxometric investigation is the first to utilize a recently developed objective index, the comparison curve fit index, to evaluate the latent structure of major depression in an epidemiological sample of children and adolescents. METHOD Data were derived from Mental Health of Children and Young People in Great Britain surveys. Participants were administered a structured diagnostic interview to assess for current depression. Parents (n = 683) were interviewed for children aged 5-16 years, and child interviews (n = 605) were conducted for those aged 11-16 years. RESULTS MAMBAC (mean above minus below a cut), MAXEIG (maximum eigenvalue) and L-Mode (latent mode) analyses provided convergent support for a dimensional latent structure. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that depression in youth is more accurately conceptualized as a continuous syndrome rather than a discrete diagnostic entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior,Alpert Medical School of Brown University,Bradley Hospital,East Providence,RI,USA
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Welty LJ, Harrison AJ, Abram KM, Olson ND, Aaby DA, McCoy KP, Washburn JJ, Teplin LA. Health Disparities in Drug- and Alcohol-Use Disorders: A 12-Year Longitudinal Study of Youths After Detention. Am J Public Health 2016; 106:872-80. [PMID: 26985602 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2015.303032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine sex and racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of 9 substance-use disorders (SUDs)--alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogen or PCP, opiate, amphetamine, inhalant, sedative, and unspecified drug--in youths during the 12 years after detention. METHODS We used data from the Northwestern Juvenile Project, a prospective longitudinal study of 1829 youths randomly sampled from detention in Chicago, Illinois, starting in 1995 and reinterviewed up to 9 times in the community or correctional facilities through 2011. Independent interviewers assessed SUDs with Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children 2.3 (baseline) and Diagnostic Interview Schedule version IV (follow-ups). RESULTS By median age 28 years, 91.3% of males and 78.5% of females had ever had an SUD. At most follow-ups, males had greater odds of alcohol- and marijuana-use disorders. Drug-use disorders were most prevalent among non-Hispanic Whites, followed by Hispanics, then African Americans (e.g., compared with African Americans, non-Hispanic Whites had 32.1 times the odds of cocaine-use disorder [95% confidence interval = 13.8, 74.7]). CONCLUSIONS After detention, SUDs differed markedly by sex, race/ethnicity, and substance abused, and, contrary to stereotypes, did not disproportionately affect African Americans. Services to treat substance abuse--during incarceration and after release--would reach many people in need, and address health disparities in a highly vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah J Welty
- Linda A. Teplin, Anna J. Harrison, Karen M. Abram, Nichole D. Olson, David A. Aaby, and Kathleen P. McCoy are with Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Leah J. Welty is with Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Jason J. Washburn is with Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital, Hoffman Estates, IL
| | - Anna J Harrison
- Linda A. Teplin, Anna J. Harrison, Karen M. Abram, Nichole D. Olson, David A. Aaby, and Kathleen P. McCoy are with Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Leah J. Welty is with Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Jason J. Washburn is with Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital, Hoffman Estates, IL
| | - Karen M Abram
- Linda A. Teplin, Anna J. Harrison, Karen M. Abram, Nichole D. Olson, David A. Aaby, and Kathleen P. McCoy are with Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Leah J. Welty is with Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Jason J. Washburn is with Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital, Hoffman Estates, IL
| | - Nichole D Olson
- Linda A. Teplin, Anna J. Harrison, Karen M. Abram, Nichole D. Olson, David A. Aaby, and Kathleen P. McCoy are with Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Leah J. Welty is with Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Jason J. Washburn is with Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital, Hoffman Estates, IL
| | - David A Aaby
- Linda A. Teplin, Anna J. Harrison, Karen M. Abram, Nichole D. Olson, David A. Aaby, and Kathleen P. McCoy are with Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Leah J. Welty is with Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Jason J. Washburn is with Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital, Hoffman Estates, IL
| | - Kathleen P McCoy
- Linda A. Teplin, Anna J. Harrison, Karen M. Abram, Nichole D. Olson, David A. Aaby, and Kathleen P. McCoy are with Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Leah J. Welty is with Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Jason J. Washburn is with Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital, Hoffman Estates, IL
| | - Jason J Washburn
- Linda A. Teplin, Anna J. Harrison, Karen M. Abram, Nichole D. Olson, David A. Aaby, and Kathleen P. McCoy are with Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Leah J. Welty is with Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Jason J. Washburn is with Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital, Hoffman Estates, IL
| | - Linda A Teplin
- Linda A. Teplin, Anna J. Harrison, Karen M. Abram, Nichole D. Olson, David A. Aaby, and Kathleen P. McCoy are with Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Leah J. Welty is with Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Disparities and Public Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Jason J. Washburn is with Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital, Hoffman Estates, IL
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Rolon-Arroyo B, Arnold DH, Harvey EA, Marshall N. Assessing Attention and Disruptive Behavior Symptoms in Preschool-Age Children: The Utility of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2016; 25:65-76. [PMID: 27909389 PMCID: PMC5125771 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-015-0203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Data are presented from two samples of preschool children to evaluate the reliability, concurrent validity, and predictive validity of the ADHD, ODD, and CD sections of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Fourth Edition (DISC-IV). Information was obtained from a community sample of 128 children (Mage = 53.16 months; 63 girls) and from a sample of 72 externalizing children (Mage = 45.23 months; 31 girls) plus 25 control children (Mage = 44.51 months; 8 girls). In both studies, the DISC-IV was administered to parents along with parent and teacher behavior rating scales, and teacher rating scales were obtained again later to evaluate the predictive validity of the DISC-IV (after approximately 6 months in Study 1, and 3 years in Study 2). The ADHD and ODD sections exhibited acceptable internal consistency in both studies, and showed concurrent validity with parent behavior rating scales. In both studies, the ADHD section was also concurrent with teacher reports. In Study 2, the ADHD, ODD, and CD sections distinguished externalizing children from controls. In both studies, the ADHD section predicted future teacher ratings beyond initial teacher ratings, and beyond initial parent rating scales; the ODD section similarly predicted later teacher ratings in Study 1. Findings provide strong support for the utility of the ADHD section for preschool children and moderate support for the ODD and CD sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rolon-Arroyo
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 441 Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - David H. Arnold
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 441 Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Harvey
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 441 Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Nastassja Marshall
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 441 Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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O'Connor S, Ferguson E, Carney T, House E, O'Connor RC. The development and evaluation of the paediatric index of emotional distress (PI-ED). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; 51:15-26. [PMID: 26687238 PMCID: PMC4720724 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current measures of anxiety and depression for children and young people (CYP) include somatic symptoms and can be lengthy. They can inflate scores in cases where there is also physical illness, contain potentially distressing symptoms for some settings and be impractical in clinical practice. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate a new questionnaire, the paediatric index of emotional distress (PI-ED), to screen for emotional distress in CYP, modelled on the hospital anxiety and depression scale. METHODS A school-based sample (n = 1026) was employed to examine the PI-ED's psychometric properties and a clinical sample of CYP (n = 143) was used to establish its sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified a bi-factor model with a general emotional distress factor ('cothymia') and anxiety and depression as co-factors. The PI-ED demonstrated good psychometric properties and clinical utility with a cutoff score of 20. CONCLUSION The PI-ED is a brief, valid and reliable clinical screening tool for emotional distress in CYP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy O'Connor
- Children and Young People's Mental Health, Psychology Directorate, NHS Education for Scotland, 2 Central Quay, 89 Hydepark Street, Glasgow, G3 8BW, UK.
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Academic Centre, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, 1055 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0XH, UK.
| | | | | | - Emma House
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Jersey, UK
| | - Rory C O'Connor
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Academic Centre, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, 1055 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 0XH, UK
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Green JG, Xuan Z, Kwong L, Hoagwood K, Leaf PJ. School Referral Patterns among Adolescents with Serious Emotional Disturbance Enrolled in Systems of Care. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2016; 25:290-298. [PMID: 28781511 PMCID: PMC5539986 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-015-0209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
School staff play a critical role in referring adolescents with serious emotional disturbance (SED) to mental health services; however, the mechanisms underlying this referral process are poorly understood. We used data from adolescents (N=4,365) enrolled in SAMHSA's Children's Mental Health Initiative Systems of Care (SOC) and participating in a national evaluation to compare the profiles of youth referred for SOC services by school staff with youth referred for those services by professionals at other agencies. We sought to identify whether school staff referred a unique set of adolescents by examining indicators of global impairment and impairment in school functioning (i.e., absences, suspensions, failures). Using multilevel regression models, we estimated the association of global impairment and school functioning with referral source (i.e., school vs. other) and controlled for SOC community characteristics and individual-level socio-demographics. Findings indicated that adolescents referred from schools had significantly lower levels of global impairment than adolescents referred from mental health settings. However, they had considerable school-related impairment, with rates of absences, suspensions, and failures that were equivalent to youth referred from most other agencies. This study is the first to examine school-related impairment among youth receiving SOC services as a function of referral source. By identifying adolescents with more mild global impairment, who nonetheless experienced significant impairment in school functioning, schools can be key contributors to effectively identifying a unique set of adolescents for SOC services. Further, schools might meaningfully inform the provision of comprehensive services to this population by educating community agencies about school functioning among youth with SED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ziming Xuan
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Kimberly Hoagwood
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Philip J Leaf
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MA
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Hartshorn KJS, Whitbeck LB, Prentice P. Substance Use Disorders, Comorbidity, and Arrest among Indigenous Adolescents. CRIME AND DELINQUENCY 2015; 61:1311-1332. [PMID: 26759503 PMCID: PMC4706746 DOI: 10.1177/0011128712466372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous adolescents are overrepresented at multiple stages of the justice system, but we know very little about the role that mental health, particularly substance use disorder, plays in Indigenous pathways to arrest. This study examined the association between substance use disorder, its comorbidity with other disorders, and arrest using a longitudinal sample of Indigenous youth from the Northern Midwest and Canada. Of the 16% of youth who reported at least one arrest at Wave 5, half met criteria for substance abuse/dependence, and slightly more for conduct disorder. Substance abuse/dependence and conduct disorder were each associated with an increased risk of arrest, although co-occurring disorders were not. The reciprocal effects of arrest and mental disorder are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley J Sittner Hartshorn
- Research Associate Department of Sociology University of Nebraska-Lincoln 217 Benton Hall Lincoln NE 68588-0623
| | - Les B Whitbeck
- Bruhn Professor of Sociology Department of Sociology University of Nebraska-Lincoln 739 Oldfather HallLincoln, NE 68588-0324
| | - Patricia Prentice
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln 214 Benton Hall Lincoln NE 68588-0623
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Burke JD, Mulvey EP, Schubert CA. Prevalence of mental health problems and service use among first-time juvenile offenders. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2015; 24:3774-3781. [PMID: 26557012 PMCID: PMC4635474 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-015-0185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
It is known that youth engaged in the juvenile justice system show high rates of psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the course of those disorders over time, or about mental health service use on the part of children and families during justice system involvement. Boys and girls recruited from their first contact with juvenile court (n=75), at a mean age of 13.6 years, completed three waves of interviews, each consisting of a structured clinical interview and questionnaires regarding service use, family functioning, parental burden, parental psychopathology. High rates of psychiatric disorders were evident. Three quarters (n = 56) met criteria for a mood, anxiety or behavioral disorder by parent or child report. Despite the high prevalence of mental health concerns, relatively few youth (approximately 20%) were involved in mental health services in follow-up waves. The presence of ODD and higher levels of family communication problems were associated with involvement in mental health services. Although parents experienced burden associated with their child's mental health problems, burden was not a strong correlate of help-seeking. Mental health problems declined from the point of initial involvement with juvenile justice; only ODD symptoms showed stability over time. Low rates of engagement in mental health services are found for juveniles subsequent to their first contact with juvenile justice. ODD and family communication problems most influenced service engagement, while burden due to mental health problems did not. The results provide potential targets for efforts to enhance parental motivation towards service engagement.
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49
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Brehm JM, Ramratnam SK, Tse SM, Croteau-Chonka DC, Pino-Yanes M, Rosas-Salazar C, Litonjua AA, Raby BA, Boutaoui N, Han YY, Chen W, Forno E, Marsland AL, Nugent NR, Eng C, Colón-Semidey A, Alvarez M, Acosta-Pérez E, Spear ML, Martinez FD, Avila L, Weiss ST, Soto-Quiros M, Ober C, Nicolae DL, Barnes KC, Lemanske RF, Strunk RC, Liu A, London SJ, Gilliland F, Sleiman P, March M, Hakonarson H, Duan QL, Kolls JK, Fritz GK, Hu D, Fani N, Stevens JS, Almli LM, Burchard EG, Shin J, McQuaid EL, Ressler K, Canino G, Celedón JC. Stress and Bronchodilator Response in Children with Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:47-56. [PMID: 25918834 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201501-0037oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Stress is associated with asthma morbidity in Puerto Ricans (PRs), who have reduced bronchodilator response (BDR). OBJECTIVES To examine whether stress and/or a gene regulating anxiety (ADCYAP1R1) is associated with BDR in PR and non-PR children with asthma. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of stress and BDR (percent change in FEV1 after BD) in 234 PRs ages 9-14 years with asthma. We assessed child stress using the Checklist of Children's Distress Symptoms, and maternal stress using the Perceived Stress Scale. Replication analyses were conducted in two cohorts. Polymorphisms in ADCYAP1R1 were genotyped in our study and six replication studies. Multivariable models of stress and BDR were adjusted for age, sex, income, environmental tobacco smoke, and use of inhaled corticosteroids. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS High child stress was associated with reduced BDR in three cohorts. PR children who were highly stressed (upper quartile, Checklist of Children's Distress Symptoms) and whose mothers had high stress (upper quartile, Perceived Stress Scale) had a BDR that was 10.2% (95% confidence interval, 6.1-14.2%) lower than children who had neither high stress nor a highly stressed mother. A polymorphism in ADCYAP1R1 (rs34548976) was associated with reduced BDR. This single-nucleotide polymorphism is associated with reduced expression of the gene for the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) in CD4(+) lymphocytes of subjects with asthma, and it affects brain connectivity of the amygdala and the insula (a biomarker of anxiety). CONCLUSIONS High child stress and an ADCYAP1R1 single-nucleotide polymorphism are associated with reduced BDR in children with asthma. This is likely caused by down-regulation of ADRB2 in highly stressed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Brehm
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and
| | - Sima K Ramratnam
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and
| | - Sze Man Tse
- 2 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Damien C Croteau-Chonka
- 2 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Pino-Yanes
- 3 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and.,4 Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,5 CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Rosas-Salazar
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- 2 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin A Raby
- 2 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nadia Boutaoui
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and
| | - Yueh-Ying Han
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and
| | - Wei Chen
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and
| | - Erick Forno
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and
| | - Anna L Marsland
- 6 Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicole R Nugent
- 7 Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Celeste Eng
- 3 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and.,4 Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Angel Colón-Semidey
- 8 Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Science Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - María Alvarez
- 8 Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Science Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Edna Acosta-Pérez
- 8 Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Science Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Melissa L Spear
- 3 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and.,4 Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Fernando D Martinez
- 9 Arizona Respiratory Center and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Lydiana Avila
- 10 Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Hospital Nacional de Niños, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Scott T Weiss
- 2 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Manuel Soto-Quiros
- 10 Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Hospital Nacional de Niños, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carole Ober
- 11 Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dan L Nicolae
- 11 Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- 12 Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert F Lemanske
- 13 Department of Pediatrics and.,14 Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Robert C Strunk
- 15 Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew Liu
- 16 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Stephanie J London
- 17 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Frank Gilliland
- 18 Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patrick Sleiman
- 19 The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,20 Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael March
- 19 The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- 19 The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,20 Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qing Ling Duan
- 2 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jay K Kolls
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and
| | - Gregory K Fritz
- 7 Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Donglei Hu
- 3 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and.,4 Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Negar Fani
- 21 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- 21 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Lynn M Almli
- 21 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- 3 Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and.,4 Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jaemin Shin
- 22 Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Georgia Institute of Technology and Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth L McQuaid
- 7 Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kerry Ressler
- 21 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Glorisa Canino
- 8 Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Science Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Juan C Celedón
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and
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50
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Langer DA, Wood JJ, Wood PA, Garland AF, Landsverk J, Hough RL. Mental Health Service Use in Schools and Non-School-Based Outpatient Settings: Comparing Predictors of Service Use. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2015; 7:161-173. [PMID: 26442131 PMCID: PMC4591548 DOI: 10.1007/s12310-015-9146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have consistently documented a gap between the large number of US youth meeting criteria for a mental health disorder with significant associated impairment, and the comparatively few youth receiving services. School-based mental health care may address the need-services gap by offering services more equitably to youth in need, irrespective of family economic resources, availability of transportation, and other factors that can impede access to community clinics. However, diagnoses alone do not fully capture the severity of an individual's mental health status and need for services. Studying service use only in relation to diagnoses may restrict our understanding of the degree to which service use is reflective of service need, and inhibit our ability to compare school and non-school-based outpatient settings on their responsiveness to service need. The present study evaluated predictors of mental health service use in school- and community-based settings for youth who had had an active case in one of two public sectors of care, comparing empirically-derived dimensional measurements of youth mental health service need and impairment ratings against non-need variables (e.g., ethnicity, income). Three dimensions of youth mental health service need were identified. Mental health service need and non-need variables each played a significant predictive role. Parent-rated impairment was the strongest need-based predictor of service use across settings. The impact of non-need variables varied by service setting, with parental income having a particularly noticeable effect on school-based services. Across time, preceding service use and impairment each significantly predicted future service use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Langer
- Department of Psychology, Boston University 648 Beacon St. 6 Floor Boston, MA 02215 , 617-353-9610 (phone) 617-353-9609 (fax)
| | - Jeffrey J Wood
- University of California, Los Angeles Moore Hall 3132A 405 Hilgard Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90095-1521
| | - Patricia A Wood
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center 3020 Children's Way MC 5033 San Diego, CA 92123
| | - Ann F Garland
- Department of School, Family, and Mental Health Professions, University of San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - John Landsverk
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center 3020 Children's Way MC 5033 San Diego, CA 92123
| | - Richard L Hough
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center 3020 Children's Way MC 5033 San Diego, CA 92123
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