1
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Farhan S, Holtan SG. Graft-versus-host disease: teaching old drugs new tricks at less cost. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1225748. [PMID: 37600820 PMCID: PMC10435076 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1225748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Currently, more patients can receive SCT. This is attributed to the use of reduced intensity regimens and the use of different GVHD prophylaxis that breaks the barrier of human leukocyte antigen, allowing an increase in the donor pool. Once an area with relatively few clinical trial options, there has been an increase in interest in GVHD prophylaxis and treatment, which has led to many US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals. Although there is considerable excitement over novel therapies, many patients may not have access to them due to geographical or other resource constraints. In this review article, we summarize the latest evidence on how we can continue to repurpose drugs for GVHD prophylaxis and treatment. Drugs covered by our review include those that have been FDA approved for other uses for at least 15 years (since 2008); thus, they are likely to have generic equivalents available now or in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Farhan
- Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Shernan G. Holtan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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2
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Exploring the Bio-Functional Effect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Promoter Region of the TNFSF4, CD28, and PDCD1 Genes. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062157. [PMID: 36983159 PMCID: PMC10058121 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In a prior study, we discovered that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and/or autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, were associated with the rs1234314 C/G and rs45454293 C/T polymorphisms of TNFSF4, the rs5839828 C > del and rs36084323 C > T polymorphisms of PDCD1, and the rs28541784C/T, rs200353921A/T, rs3181096C/T, and rs3181098 G/A polymorphisms of CD28. However, the association does not imply causation. These single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are all located in the promoter region of these genes, so we used the dual-luminescence reporter assay to explore the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on transcriptional activity. For each promoter–reporter with a single SNP mutation, more than 10 independent experiments were carried out, and the difference in transcription activity was compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test. The results showed that the G-allele of rs1234314 had 0.32 ± 0.09 times the average amount of relative light units (RLU) compared to the C-allele (p = 0.003), the T-allele of rs45454293 had 4.63 ± 0.92 times the average amount of RLU compared to the C-allele (p < 0.001), the del-allele of rs5839828 had 1.37 ± 0.24 times the average amount of RLU compared to the G-allele (p < 0.001), and the T-allele of rs36084323 had 0.68 ± 0.07 times the average amount of RLU compared to the C-allele (p < 0.001). The CD28 SNPs studied here did not affect transcriptional activity. In conclusion, the findings of this study could only confirm that the SNP had a bio-functional effect on gene expression levels. According to the findings, several SNPs in the same gene have bio-functions that affect transcriptional activity. However, some increase transcriptional activity while others decrease it. Consequently, we inferred that the final protein level should be the integration result of the co-regulation of all the SNPs with the effect on transcriptional activity.
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3
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Ngwube A, Rangarajan H, Shah N. Role of abatacept in the prevention of graft- versus-host disease: current perspectives. Ther Adv Hematol 2023; 14:20406207231152644. [PMID: 36845849 PMCID: PMC9943961 DOI: 10.1177/20406207231152644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of abatacept following transplantation has been reported to inhibit graft rejection and graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD) in mouse models associated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). This strategy has recently been adopted in clinical practice for GvHD prevention in human allogeneic HSCT and offers a unique approach to optimizing GvHD prophylaxis following alternative donor HSCTs. When combined with calcineurin inhibitors and methotrexate, abatacept had shown to be safe and effective in preventing moderate to severe acute GvHD in myeloablative HSCT using human leukocyte antigen (HLA) unrelated donors. Equivalent results are being reported in recent studies using alternative donors, in reduced-intensity conditioning HSCT and nonmalignant disorders. These observations have led to hypothesizing that even in the setting of increasing donor HLA disparity, abatacept when given with traditional GvHD prophylaxis does not worsen general outcomes. In addition, in limited studies, abatacept have being protective against the development of chronic GvHD through extended dosing and in the treatment of steroid-refractory chronic GvHD. This review summarized all the limited reports of this novels approach in the HSCT setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hemalatha Rangarajan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology,
Blood and Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH,
USA
| | - Niketa Shah
- Section of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and
Bone Marrow transplant, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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4
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Vandenhove B, Canti L, Schoemans H, Beguin Y, Baron F, Graux C, Kerre T, Servais S. How to Make an Immune System and a Foreign Host Quickly Cohabit in Peace? The Challenge of Acute Graft- Versus-Host Disease Prevention After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583564. [PMID: 33193397 PMCID: PMC7609863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) has been used as cellular immunotherapy against hematological cancers for more than six decades. Its therapeutic efficacy relies on the cytoreductive effects of the conditioning regimen but also on potent graft-versus-tumor (GVT) reactions mediated by donor-derived immune cells. However, beneficial GVT effects may be counterbalanced by acute GVHD (aGVHD), a systemic syndrome in which donor immune cells attack healthy tissues of the recipient, resulting in severe inflammatory lesions mainly of the skin, gut, and liver. Despite standard prophylaxis regimens, aGVHD still occurs in approximately 20–50% of alloHCT recipients and remains a leading cause of transplant-related mortality. Over the past two decades, advances in the understanding its pathophysiology have helped to redefine aGVHD reactions and clinical presentations as well as developing novel strategies to optimize its prevention. In this review, we provide a brief overview of current knowledge on aGVHD immunopathology and discuss current approaches and novel strategies being developed and evaluated in clinical trials for aGVHD prevention. Optimal prophylaxis of aGVHD would prevent the development of clinically significant aGVHD, while preserving sufficient immune responsiveness to maintain beneficial GVT effects and immune defenses against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Vandenhove
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Canti
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hélène Schoemans
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Baron
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Carlos Graux
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU UCL Namur (Godinne), Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Tessa Kerre
- Hematology Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Servais
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-I3, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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5
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Kim S, Reddy P. Targeting Signal 3 Extracellularly and Intracellularly in Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:722. [PMID: 32411139 PMCID: PMC7198807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) holds curative potential for many hematological disorders. However, the pathophysiology of the desired graft-versus-tumor effect is linked to life-threatening complications of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Allogeneic donor T lymphocytes are essential for causing GVHD, and their activation relies on the coordination of TCR engagement and co-stimulation, also known as Signal 1 and Signal 2. In addition to these signals, a network of secreted cytokines by immune cells provides a third signal, Signal 3, that is critical for the initiation and maintenance of GVHD. Strategies to target Signal 3 in human diseases have shown therapeutic benefit for inflammatory disorders such as Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. However, despite our growing understanding of their role in GVHD, the success of targeting individual cytokines has been modest with some notable exceptions. This review aims to describe current approaches toward targeting Signal 3 in clinical GVHD, and to highlight emerging studies in immune cell biology that may be harnessed for better clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Pavan Reddy
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Kumar S, Leigh ND, Cao X. The Role of Co-stimulatory/Co-inhibitory Signals in Graft-vs.-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3003. [PMID: 30627129 PMCID: PMC6309815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is an effective immunotherapeutic approach for various hematologic and immunologic ailments. Despite the beneficial impact of allo-HCT, its adverse effects cause severe health concerns. After transplantation, recognition of host cells as foreign entities by donor T cells induces graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD). Activation, proliferation and trafficking of donor T cells to target organs and tissues are critical steps in the pathogenesis of GVHD. T cell activation is a synergistic process of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-anchored antigen and co-stimulatory/co-inhibitory signaling in the presence of cytokines. Most of the currently used therapeutic regimens for GVHD are based on inhibiting the allogeneic T cell response or T-cell depletion (TCD). However, the immunosuppressive drugs and TCD hamper the therapeutic potential of allo-HCT, resulting in attenuated graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) effect as well as increased vulnerability to infection. In view of the drawback of overbroad immunosuppression, co-stimulatory, and co-inhibitory molecules are plausible targets for selective modulation of T cell activation and function that can improve the effectiveness of allo-HCT. Therefore, this review collates existing knowledge of T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition with current research that may have the potential to provide novel approaches to cure GVHD without sacrificing the beneficial effects of allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas D Leigh
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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7
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Brady JL, Yamashita K, Lew AM. Enhanced Survival of Grafts Genetically Endowed with the Ability to Block CD2 and B7. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000001783986909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Brady
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Australia
| | - Kenji Yamashita
- Kaneka Corporation, 1 – 8, Miyamae-Machi, Takasago-Cho, Takasago-Shi, Hyogo, 676, Japan
| | - Andrew M. Lew
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Australia
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8
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Kean LS, Turka LA, Blazar BR. Advances in targeting co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory pathways in transplantation settings: the Yin to the Yang of cancer immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 2017; 276:192-212. [PMID: 28258702 PMCID: PMC5338458 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, the power of harnessing T-cell co-signaling pathways has become increasingly understood to have significant clinical importance. In cancer immunotherapy, the field has concentrated on two related modalities: First, targeting cancer antigens through highly activated chimeric antigen T cells (CAR-Ts) and second, re-animating endogenous quiescent T cells through checkpoint blockade. In each of these strategies, the therapeutic goal is to re-ignite T-cell immunity, in order to eradicate tumors. In transplantation, there is also great interest in targeting T-cell co-signaling, but with the opposite goal: in this field, we seek the Yin to cancer immunotherapy's Yang, and focus on manipulating T-cell co-signaling to induce tolerance rather than activation. In this review, we discuss the major T-cell signaling pathways that are being investigated for tolerance induction, detailing preclinical studies and the path to the clinic for many of these molecules. These include blockade of co-stimulation pathways and agonism of coinhibitory pathways, in order to achieve the delicate state of balance that is transplant tolerance: a state which guarantees lifelong transplant acceptance without ongoing immunosuppression, and with preservation of protective immune responses. In the context of the clinical translation of immune tolerance strategies, we discuss the significant challenge that is embodied by the fact that targeted pathway modulators may have opposing effects on tolerance based on their impact on effector vs regulatory T-cell biology. Achieving this delicate balance holds the key to the major challenge of transplantation: lifelong control of alloreactivity while maintaining an otherwise intact immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie S Kean
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laurence A Turka
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Immune Tolerance Network, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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9
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Jaiswal SR, Zaman S, Chakrabarti A, Sehrawat A, Bansal S, Gupta M, Chakrabarti S. T cell costimulation blockade for hyperacute steroid refractory graft versus-host disease in children undergoing haploidentical transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2016. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trim.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Jaiswal SR, Zaman S, Chakrabarti A, Sehrawat A, Bansal S, Gupta M, Chakrabarti S. T cell costimulation blockade for hyperacute steroid refractory graft versus-host disease in children undergoing haploidentical transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2016; 39:46-51. [PMID: 27577170 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of hyperacute grade 3-4 steroid-refractory graft-versus-host-disease (SR-GVHD) remains dismal despite a plethora of agents being tried alone or in combination. Following T replete haploidentical transplantation with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide on 75 patients, 10 patients (13%) aged 2-20years, developed hyperacute SR-GVHD. We report on the outcome of two different regimens for treatment of SR-GVHD on the outcome of these patients. Five patients were treated in Regimen A consisting of anti-thymocyte globulin, Etanercept and Basiliximab. The next 5 patients were treated combining T cell costimulation blockade with Abatacept along with Etanercept and Basiliximab. The overall response at days 29 and 56 were 40% and 0% with Regimen A and100% and 40% with Regimen B. The major cause of treatment failure was progression of GVHD and opportunistic infections. Two of the patients achieving a complete remission on Regimen B are long term disease free survivors off immunosuppression. Our study demonstrates the dismal outcome of early onset SR-GVHD in children following T replete haploidentical transplantation. However, the combination of Abatacept with anticytokine agents seems to produce encouraging early response and might warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Rani Jaiswal
- Manashi Chakrabarti Foundation, Kolkata, India; Department Of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Hospital and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.
| | - Shamsuz Zaman
- Department Of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Hospital and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Amit Sehrawat
- Department Of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Hospital and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Satish Bansal
- Department Of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Hospital and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahesh Gupta
- Department Of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Hospital and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Suparno Chakrabarti
- Manashi Chakrabarti Foundation, Kolkata, India; Department Of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Hospital and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
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11
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Zeiser R, Socié G, Blazar BR. Pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease: from intestinal microbiota alterations to donor T cell activation. Br J Haematol 2016; 175:191-207. [PMID: 27619472 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a major life-threatening complication of allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Here we discuss the aGVHD pathophysiology initiated by multiple signals that cause alloreactive T-cell activation. The outcome of such donor T-cell activation is influenced by T-cell receptor-signal strength, anatomical location, co-stimulatory/co-inhibitory signals and differentiation stage (naive, effector/memory) of T-cells. Additionally, cross-priming of T cells to antigens expressed by pathogens can contribute to aGVHD-mediated tissue injury. In addition to the properties of donor T-cell activation, highly specialized tissue resident cell types, such as innate lymphoid cells, antigen-presenting cells, immune regulatory cells and various intestinal cell populations are critically involved in aGVHD pathogenesis. The role of the thymus and secondary lymphoid tissue injury, non-haematopoietic cells, intestinal microflora, cytokines, chemokines, microRNAs, metabolites and kinases in aGVHD pathophysiology will be highlighted. Acute GVHD pathogenic mechanisms will be connected to novel therapeutic approaches under development for, and tested in, the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zeiser
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Freiburg University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Gerard Socié
- Haematology Stem cell transplant Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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12
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Vogel I, Verbinnen B, Van Gool S, Ceuppens JL. Regulatory T Cell-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms of Immune Suppression by CD28/B7 and CD40/CD40L Costimulation Blockade. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:533-40. [PMID: 27288533 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Blocking of costimulatory CD28/B7 and CD40/CD40L interactions is an experimental approach to immune suppression and tolerance induction. We previously reported that administration of a combination of CTLA-4Ig and MR1 (anti-CD40L mAb) for blockade of these interactions induces tolerance in a fully mismatched allogeneic splenocyte transfer model in mice. We now used this model to study whether regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to immune suppression and why both pathways have to be blocked simultaneously. Mice were injected with allogeneic splenocytes, CD4(+) T cells, or CD8(+) T cells and treated with MR1 mAb and different doses of CTLA-4Ig. The graft-versus-host reaction of CD4(+) T cells, but not of CD8(+) T cells, was inhibited by MR1. CTLA-4Ig was needed to cover CD8(+) T cells but had only a weak effect on CD4(+) T cells. Consequently, only the combination provided full protection when splenocytes were transferred. Importantly, MR1 and low-dose CTLA-4Ig treatment resulted in a relative increase in Tregs, and immune suppressive efficacy was abolished in the absence of Tregs. High-dose CTLA-4Ig treatment, in contrast, prevented Treg expansion and activity, and in combination with MR1 completely inhibited CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation in a Treg-independent manner. In conclusion, MR1 and CTLA-4Ig act synergistically as they target different T cell populations. The contribution of Tregs to immune suppression by costimulation blockade depends on the concentration of CTLA-4Ig and thus on the degree of available CD28 costimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Vogel
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KULeuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Bert Verbinnen
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KULeuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Stefaan Van Gool
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KULeuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; and Childhood Immunology, KULeuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan L Ceuppens
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KULeuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; and
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13
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Overcoming immunological barriers in regenerative medicine. Nat Biotechnol 2015; 32:786-94. [PMID: 25093888 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative therapies that use allogeneic cells are likely to encounter immunological barriers similar to those that occur with transplantation of solid organs and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Decades of experience in clinical transplantation hold valuable lessons for regenerative medicine, offering approaches for developing tolerance-induction treatments relevant to cell therapies. Outside the field of solid-organ and allogeneic HSC transplantation, new strategies are emerging for controlling the immune response, such as methods based on biomaterials or mimicry of antigen-specific peripheral tolerance. Novel biomaterials can alter the behavior of cells in tissue-engineered constructs and can blunt host immune responses to cells and biomaterial scaffolds. Approaches to suppress autoreactive immune cells may also be useful in regenerative medicine. The most innovative solutions will be developed through closer collaboration among stem cell biologists, transplantation immunologists and materials scientists.
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14
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Schmidt F, Hilger N, Oelkrug C, Svanidze E, Ruschpler P, Eichler W, Boldt A, Emmrich F, Fricke S. Flow cytometric analysis of the graft-versus-Leukemia-effect after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice. Cytometry A 2015; 87:334-45. [PMID: 25717029 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute Graft-versus-Host-Disease (aGvHD) is one of the major complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although rather helpful, the use of conventional immunosuppressive drugs leads to general immunosuppression and is toxic. The effects of CD4(+) T-cells, in respect to the development of aGvHD, can be altered by administration of antihuman CD4 monoclonal antibodies, here MAX.16H5 IgG1 . This approach must be tested for possible interference with the Graft-versus-Leukemia-Effect (GvL). Thus, in vitro experiments were conducted, exposing P815 leukemic cells to bone marrow and splenocytes from cd4(-/-) -C57Bl/6 mice transgenic for human CD4 and HLA-DR3 (triple transgenic mice, [TTG]) as well as previously irradiated splenocytes from Balb/c(wt) mice. Using flow cytometry, the vitality of the various malignant and graft cells was analyzed over the course of 4 days. The survival rate of P815 cells did not change significantly when exposed to MAX.16H5 IgG1 , neither did the viability of the graft cells. This provides evidence that MAX.16H5 IgG1 does not impair the GvL effect in vitro. Additionally, P815-Balb/c(wt) leukemic mice were transplanted with P815(GFP) cells, bone marrow, and splenocytes from TTG mice with and without MAX.16H5 IgG1 . Without transplantation, P815(GFP) leukemic cells could be detected by flow cytometry in the liver, the bone marrow, and the spleen of recipients. The antibodies prevented aGvHD while leaving the GvL effect intact. These findings indicate no negative effect of MAX.16H5 IgG1 on the GvL effect in vitro and in vivo after HSCT in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schmidt
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
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15
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El-Charabaty E, Geara AS, Ting C, El-Sayegh S, Azzi J. Belatacept: a new era of immunosuppression? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 8:527-36. [DOI: 10.1586/eci.12.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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van der Touw W, Cravedi P, Kwan WH, Paz-Artal E, Merad M, Heeger PS. Cutting edge: Receptors for C3a and C5a modulate stability of alloantigen-reactive induced regulatory T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5921-5. [PMID: 23690475 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) are critical regulators of immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. Whereas thymic-derived or natural Treg stably express Foxp3, adaptive or induced Treg (iTreg) generated from peripheral CD4 T cells are susceptible to inflammation-induced reversion to pathogenic effector T cells. Building upon our previous observations that T cell-expressed receptors for C3a (C3aR) and C5a (C5aR) drive Th1 maturation, we tested the impact of C3aR/C5aR signaling on induction and stability of alloreactive iTreg. We observed that genetic deficiency or pharmacological blockade of C3aR/C5aR signaling augments murine and human iTreg generation, stabilizes Foxp3 expression, resists iTreg conversion to IFN-γ/TNF-α-producing efffector T cells, and, as a consequence, limits the clinical expression of graft-versus-host disease. Taken together, the findings highlight the expansive role of complement as a crucial modulator of T cell alloimmunity and demonstrate proof-of-concept that targeting C3a/C3aR and C5a/C5aR interactions could facilitate iTreg-mediated tolerance to alloantigens in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- William van der Touw
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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17
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Christensen AD, Skov S, Haase C. Local and systemic effects of co-stimulatory blockade using cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4-immunoglobulin in dinitrofluorobenzene- and oxazolone-induced contact hypersensitivity in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 171:220-30. [PMID: 23286949 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4)-immunoglobulin (Ig) has immunosuppressive properties both in vivo and in vitro, but much is still unknown about the mechanisms by which CTLA-4-Ig exerts its immunosuppressive activities in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CTLA-4-Ig in a mouse model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS). The inflammatory response in the presence or absence of CTLA-4-Ig was evaluated by measuring the increase in ear thickness in sensitized animals after challenge. We observed a dose-dependent suppression of the ear swelling in both dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)- and oxazolone-induced CHS. The suppressive effect was still present 3 weeks after administration, even in the absence of circulating levels of CTLA-4-Ig. It was further shown that CTLA-4-Ig inhibits activation of T cells in the draining lymph node after sensitization and affects the maturation level of both dendritic cells and B cells. Furthermore, CTLA-4-Ig reduces infiltration of activated CD8(+) T cells into the inflamed ear tissue and suppresses both local and systemic inflammation, as illustrated by reduced expression of cytokines and chemokines in the inflamed ear and a reduced level of acute-phase proteins in circulation. Finally, our results suggest that CTLA-4-Ig has a mainly immunosuppressive effect during the sensitization phase. We conclude that CTLA-4-Ig induces long-term immunosuppression of both DNFB- and oxazolone-induced inflammation and our data are the first to compare the effect of this compound in both DNFB- and oxazolone-induced CHS and to show that CTLA-4-Ig exerts an immunosuppressive effect on both local and systemic inflammatory mediators which is mediated principally during the sensitization phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Christensen
- Experimental Immunology Group, Department of Immunopharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
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18
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Chung JS, Tomihari M, Tamura K, Kojima T, Cruz PD, Ariizumi K. The DC-HIL ligand syndecan-4 is a negative regulator of T-cell allo-reactivity responsible for graft-versus-host disease. Immunology 2013; 138:173-82. [PMID: 23113638 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the most important cause of mortality after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Allo-reactive T cells are the major mediators of GVHD and the process is regulated by positive and negative regulators on antigen-presenting cells (APC). Because the significance of negative regulators in GVHD pathogenesis is not fully understood, and having discovered that syndecan-4 (SD-4) on effector T cells mediates the inhibitory function of DC-HIL on APC, we proposed that SD-4 negatively regulates the T-cell response to allo-stimulation in acute GVHD, using SD-4 knockout mice. Although not different from their wild-type counterparts in responsiveness to anti-CD3 stimulation, SD-4(-/-) T cells lost the capacity to mediate the inhibitory function of DC-HIL and were hyper-reactive to allogeneic APC. Moreover, infusion of SD-4(-/-) T cells into sub-lethally γ-irradiated allogeneic mice worsened mortality, with hyper-proliferation of infused T cells in recipients. Although there my be little or no involvement of regulatory T cells in this model because SD-4 deletion had no deleterious effect on T-cell-suppressive activity compared with SD-4(+/+) regulatory T cells. We conclude that SD-4, as the T-cell ligand of DC-HIL, is a potent inhibitor of allo-reactive T cells responsible for GVHD and a potentially useful target for treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Chung
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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19
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Ram R, Storb R. Pharmacologic prophylaxis regimens for acute graft-versus-host disease: past, present and future. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 54:1591-601. [PMID: 23278640 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.762978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has compromised and continues to compromise the benefits associated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant to cure malignant and non-malignant diseases. Pharmacologic interventions to prevent GVHD have emerged as a major objective of research in the immunology and transplant fields. A better understanding of the pathobiology behind the GVHD process has led the way to novel approaches and medications. Here we review the present arsenal of medications used to prevent GVHD, focusing on past experience and the current evidence, and discuss future potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Ram
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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20
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Chen Y, Fukuda T, Thakar MS, Kornblit BT, Storer BE, Santos EB, Storb R, Sandmaier BM. Immunomodulatory effects induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin with donor peripheral blood mononuclear cell infusion in canine major histocompatibility complex-haplo-identical non-myeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation. Cytotherapy 2011; 13:1269-80. [PMID: 21846291 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2011.586997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS. Previously, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) immunoglobulin (Ig) has been shown to allow sustained engraftment in dog leukocyte antigen (DLA)-identical hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) after non-myeloablative conditioning with 100 cGy total body irradiation (TBI). In the current study, we investigated the efficacy of pre-transplant CTLA4-Ig in promoting engraftment across a DLA-mismatched barrier after non-myeloablative conditioning. METHODS. Eight dogs were treated with CTLA4-Ig and donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) prior to receiving 200 cGy TBI followed by transplantation of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilized peripheral blood stem cells from DLA haplo-identical littermates with post-grafting immunosuppression. A control group of six dogs was conditioned with 200 cGy only and transplanted with grafts from DLA haplo-identical littermates followed by post-grafting immunosuppression. RESULTS. In vitro and in vivo donor-specific hyporesponsiveness was demonstrated on day 0 before TBI in eight dogs that received CTLA4-Ig combined with donor PBMC infusions. Four of five dogs treated with increased doses of CTLA4-Ig achieved initial engraftment but eventually rejected, with a duration of mixed chimerism ranging from 12 to 22 weeks. CTLA4-Ig did not show any effect on host natural killer (NK) cell function in vitro or in vivo. No graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) was observed in dogs receiving CTLA4-Ig treatment. CONCLUSIONS. Non-myeloablative conditioning with 200 cGy TBI and CTLA4-Ig combined with donor PBMC infusion was able to overcome the T-cell barrier to achieve initial engraftment without GvHD in dogs receiving DLA haplo-identical grafts. However, rejection eventually occurred; we hypothesize because of the inability of CTLA4-Ig to abate natural killer cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, Washington , USA
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21
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Critical role of DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1) in the development of acute graft-versus-host disease in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:18593-8. [PMID: 20937876 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1005582107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a life-threatening complication following bone marrow transplantation; however, no effective molecular-targeting therapy has been determined. Here, we show that mice that received allogeneic splenocytes deficient in DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1) had significantly milder GVHD and lower mortality than those that received allogeneic WT splenocytes. Donor CD8(+) T cells deficient in DNAM-1 showed significantly less proliferation and infiltration of the liver and intestines of recipient mice and produced less IFN-γ after coculture with allogeneic splenocytes than WT CD8(+) T cells. Mice prophylactically treated with an anti-DNAM-1 antibody showed milder GVHD and lower mortality than those treated with a control antibody. Moreover, treatment with a single administration of the antibody after the overt onset of GVHD ameliorated GVHD and prolonged survival. Finally, we show that the anti-DNAM-1 antibody therapy also ameliorated the overt GVHD in lethally irradiated mice after MHC-matched, minor antigen-mismatched bone marrow transplantation. These results indicate that DNAM-1 plays an important role in the development of GVHD and is an ideal molecular target for therapeutic approaches to GVHD.
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22
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T-cell costimulatory molecules in acute-graft-versus host disease: therapeutic implications. BONE MARROW RESEARCH 2010; 2011:976793. [PMID: 22046574 PMCID: PMC3195325 DOI: 10.1155/2011/976793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although this process is thought to consist of several phases, T-cell activation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute GVHD. To become efficient effectors, T-cells require additional costimulation after T-cell receptor signaling. A number of molecules are involved in costimulation of T-cells such as CD28, CD40L, CD30, OX40, 4-1BB, ICOS, and LIGHT. The system is regulated by inhibitory molecules, CTLA-4, and PD-1. There is experimental evidence that those molecules are implicated in the pathogenesis of GHVD. We describe how these molecules are involved in acute GVHD and how the blockade of costimulatory molecules may have potential implications for the treatment of patients with acute GVHD.
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23
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Poirier N, Blancho G, Vanhove B. Alternatives to calcineurin inhibition in renal transplantation: belatacept, the first co-stimulation blocker. Immunotherapy 2010; 2:625-36. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.10.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early 1990s, Linsley and colleagues produced a soluble fusion protein, comprising of the extracellular domain of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)4 and the human IgG1 Fc domain. Since then, several hundreds of scientific publications have demonstrated that CTLA4–Ig blocks CD28-mediated co-stimulation and suppresses unwanted T cell-mediated responses in animal models of transplantation, autoimmunity and inflammation. In the past two decades, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. has developed abatacept, a CTLA4–Ig molecule for treating psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, and belatacept, a second-generation, higher affinity CTLA4–Ig molecule for use in kidney transplantation. Belatacept represents a new class of transplantation immunosuppressants and potentially offers clinicians a breakthrough therapy to preserve kidney function in the long term and reduce the side effects of current immunosuppressive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Poirier
- INSERM, UMR643, Nantes F44093, France
- CHU Nantes, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes F44093, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes F44093, France
| | - Gilles Blancho
- INSERM, UMR643, Nantes F44093, France
- CHU Nantes, Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), Nantes F44093, France
- Université de Nantes, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes F44093, France
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24
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Fujimura J, Takeda K, Kaduka Y, Saito M, Akiba H, Yagita H, Yamashiro Y, Shimizu T, Okumura K. Contribution of B7RP-1/ICOS co-stimulation to lethal acute GVHD. Pediatr Transplant 2010; 14:540-8. [PMID: 20136724 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2009.01279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Co-stimulatory molecules expressed on T cells critically regulate donor T-cell activation and are implicated in acute GVHD after allogeneic BMT. We here investigated the role of interaction between B7-related protein-1 (B7RP-1) and ICOS in murine acute GVHD model that received T cell-depleted BM cells and splenocytes. Administration of blocking anti-B7RP-1 mAb significantly reduced the lethality and symptoms in acute GVHD. A significant hypo-responsiveness of splenocytes to host alloantigen was observed in the recipient mice treated with anti-B7RP-1 mAb. Moreover, acute GVHD was significantly reduced in the recipients of T cells composed of ICOS-deficient CD8 T cells and WT CD4 T cells compared with that in the recipients of T cells composed of WT CD8 T cells and ICOS-deficient CD4 T cells. These results suggested that B7RP-1/ICOS co-stimulatory signal plays a role in the activation of alloantigen-reactive donor T cells, particularly in CD8 T cells, in murine acute GVHD model, and that the blockade of B7RP-1/ICOS interaction may be useful for selectively manipulating allo-reactive T cells in the recipients with acute GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Fujimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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25
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Bigbee CL, Gonchoroff DG, Vratsanos G, Nadler SG, Haggerty HG, Flynn JL. Abatacept treatment does not exacerbate chronicMycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:2557-65. [PMID: 17665452 DOI: 10.1002/art.22750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disorders with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents is associated with an increased risk of reactivation of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While the mechanism of action of abatacept is fundamentally different from that of anti-TNF therapies, its effect on the protective response to latent tuberculosis is not known. We undertook this study to determine the effect of abatacept treatment in a murine model of chronic M tuberculosis infection. METHODS Chronic M tuberculosis infection was established in C57BL/6 mice. Four months after infection, mice were treated for up to 16 weeks with abatacept, anti-murine TNF antibody, or vehicle. The primary end point was survival; body weight, bacterial load, histologic features, interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) production by T cells, and cellular infiltration were also assessed. RESULTS Abatacept- and vehicle-treated groups both maintained control of M tuberculosis infection, with 100% survival after 16 weeks of treatment. These 2 groups had no significant differences in body weight, no clinically relevant differences in bacterial load in the lungs, lymph nodes, or spleen, and no differences in the mean percentage of total or activated T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, or B cells, or in IFNgamma production in the lung or lymph nodes. In contrast, 100% mortality was seen in the anti-TNF antibody-treated group by week 9, with significant body weight loss and increased bacterial load in the lungs, lymph nodes, and spleen. Furthermore, the anti-TNF antibody-treated group had increased pathology consistent with the exacerbation of M tuberculosis infection. CONCLUSION Abatacept did not impair the ability of mice to control a chronic M tuberculosis infection. In contrast, mice treated with anti-TNF therapy showed increased pathology and bacterial load, with 100% mortality by week 9. The clinical significance of these findings has not yet been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L Bigbee
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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26
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Han SB, Lee CW, Yoon YD, Kang JS, Lee KH, Yoon WK, Kim YK, Lee K, Park SK, Kim HM. Effective prevention of lethal acute graft-versus-host disease by combined immunosuppressive therapy with prodigiosin and cyclosporine A. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 70:1518-26. [PMID: 16198318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2005] [Revised: 08/29/2005] [Accepted: 08/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Prodigiosin (PDG), a bacterial metabolite, is a known T cell-specific immunosuppressant. Here, we compared its inhibitory potency and mode of action with cyclosporine A (CsA) in a mouse model. PDG efficiently inhibited T cell proliferation with an IC(50) of 3.37 ng/ml, a similar dose to that of CsA (IC(50) of 2.71 ng/ml). PDG inhibited only IL-2Ralpha expression, but not IL-2 expression, whereas CsA inhibited both. Exogenously added IL-2 reversed the suppressive activity of CsA, but not that of PDG. Moreover, although both PDG and CsA markedly reduced mortality rates in lethal acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the combined treatment was more effective than either drug alone. These results demonstrate that PDG and CsA have similar inhibitory potencies, but different modes of action, and suggest that PDG has potential use as a supplementary immunosuppressant in combination with CsA for the treatment of GVHD.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/etiology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Bacteria/chemistry
- Bacteria/immunology
- Bacteria/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cyclosporine/immunology
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- Cyclosporine/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Graft vs Host Disease/drug therapy
- Graft vs Host Disease/etiology
- Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control
- Immunosuppressive Agents/immunology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-2/genetics
- Interleukin-2/immunology
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Prodigiosin/immunology
- Prodigiosin/pharmacology
- Prodigiosin/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Interleukin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/immunology
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity/immunology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bae Han
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 52 Oundong, Yusong, Taejon 305-333, South Korea
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27
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Martin C, Plat M, Nerriére-Daguin V, Coulon F, Uzbekova S, Venturi E, Condé F, Hermel JM, Hantraye P, Tesson L, Anegon I, Melchior B, Peschanski M, Le Mauff B, Boeffard F, Sergent-Tanguy S, Neveu I, Naveilhan P, Soulillou JP, Terqui M, Brachet P, Vanhove B. Transgenic expression of CTLA4-Ig by fetal pig neurons for xenotransplantation. Transgenic Res 2005; 14:373-84. [PMID: 16201404 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-004-7268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The transplantation of fetal porcine neurons is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human neurodegenerative disorders. A major obstacle to xenotransplantation, however, is the immune-mediated rejection that is resistant to conventional immunosuppression. To determine whether genetically modified donor pig neurons could be used to deliver immunosuppressive proteins locally in the brain, transgenic pigs were developed that express the human T cell inhibitory molecule hCTLA4-Ig under the control of the neuron-specific enolase promoter. Expression was found in various areas of the brain of transgenic pigs, including the mesencephalon, hippocampus and cortex. Neurons from 28-day old embryos secreted hCTLA4-Ig in vitro and this resulted in a 50% reduction of the proliferative response of human T lymphocytes in xenogenic proliferation assays. Transgenic embryonic neurons also secreted hCTLA4-Ig and had developed normally in vivo several weeks after transplantation into the striatum of immunosuppressed rats that were used here to study the engraftment in the absence of immunity. In conclusion, these data show that neurons from our transgenic pigs express hCTLA4-Ig in situ and support the use of this material in future pre-clinical trials in neuron xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Martin
- Institut de Transplantation et de Recherche en Transplantation, INSERM U643, CHU Hôtel Dieu, 30, Bld J Monnet, Nantes, France
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28
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Fujio K, Okamoto A, Tahara H, Abe M, Jiang Y, Kitamura T, Hirose S, Yamamoto K. Nucleosome-specific regulatory T cells engineered by triple gene transfer suppress a systemic autoimmune disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:2118-25. [PMID: 15265948 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of systemic autoimmune disease are poorly understood and available therapies often lead to immunosuppressive conditions. We describe here a new model of autoantigen-specific immunotherapy based on the sites of autoantigen presentation in systemic autoimmune disease. Nucleosomes are one of the well-characterized autoantigens. We found relative splenic localization of the stimulative capacity for nucleosome-specific T cells in (NZB x NZW)F(1) (NZB/W F(1)) lupus-prone mice. Splenic dendritic cells (DCs) from NZB/W F(1) mice spontaneously stimulate nucleosome-specific T cells to a much greater degree than both DCs from normal mice and DCs from the lymph nodes of NZB/W F(1) mice. This leads to a strategy for the local delivery of therapeutic molecules using autoantigen-specific T cells. Nucleosome-specific regulatory T cells engineered by triple gene transfer (TCR-alpha, TCR-beta, and CTLA4Ig) accumulated in the spleen and suppressed the related pathogenic autoantibody production. Nephritis was drastically suppressed without impairing the T cell-dependent humoral immune responses. Thus, autoantigen-specific regulatory T cells engineered by multiple gene transfer is a promising strategy for treating autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Abatacept
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/therapy
- Crosses, Genetic
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor alpha
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta
- Genetic Therapy
- Immunoconjugates/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NZB
- Nucleosomes/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/transplantation
- Transduction, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Guo L, Fujino M, Kimura H, Funeshima N, Kitazawa Y, Harihara Y, Tezuka K, Makuuchi M, Suzuki S, Li XK. Simultaneous blockade of co-stimulatory signals, CD28 and ICOS, induced a stable tolerance in rat heart transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2004; 12:41-8. [PMID: 14551031 DOI: 10.1016/s0966-3274(03)00016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An inducible co-stimulator (ICOS), a recently identified co-stimulatory receptor with a close structural homology of CD28 and CTLA4, is expressed on activated T cells. Anti-ICOS antibody was demonstrated to be effective on prolongation of graft survival after liver transplantation in rats. In this study, we investigated the potency of tolerance induction using the antibody combined with a recombinant adenovirus vector containing CTLA-4Ig cDNA (AdCTLA-4Ig) in rat heart transplantation model. Using a DA-to-Lewis rat heart transplantation model, an anti-rat ICOS antibody and AdCTLA-4Ig were simultaneously administered i.v. into recipients. The tissue specimens from the grafts were removed on various days after transplantation for histological evaluation. Donor-strain skin and heart grafts, and third-party heart allografts were challenged in the recipients with a long-term surviving graft. Splenocytes from the tolerance-induced recipients were used for adoptive transfer study. Anti-ICOS antibody alone did not prolong the survival of heart allograft. AdCTLA-4Ig monotherapy significantly prolonged the survival of heart allograft (Group 4). With a combination of Anti-ICOS antibody and AdCTLA-4Ig, all recipients were resulted in a long-term allograft acceptance for more than 200 days (Group 8). When challenged donor-strain skin grafts in the tolerant rats of Group 4, the skin was rejected, which also lead to a rejection of primary heart allografts. The recipients in Group 8 also rejected donor-strain skin grafts with no rejection of the primary heart grafts. These recipients accepted secondary heart grafts from donor-strain but not third-party. In Group 8 long-term survival recipients showed a high population of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell in peripheral blood, and in adoptive transfer study subtraction of these CD4+CD25+ T cells accelerate the rejection of heart graft in secondary irradiated recipients. The present results demonstrated that anti-ICOS antibody combined with AdCTLA-4Ig potently induces a stable immune tolerance after heart allografting in rat, which is mediated by the induction of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. This strategy may be attractive for clinical employment to induce transplantation tolerance.
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MESH Headings
- Abatacept
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/physiology
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/physiology
- CD4 Antigens/analysis
- Flow Cytometry
- Graft Rejection/genetics
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft Rejection/prevention & control
- Graft Survival/drug effects
- Graft Survival/genetics
- Graft Survival/immunology
- Heart Transplantation/immunology
- Immunoconjugates/genetics
- Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use
- Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred BN
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/analysis
- Skin Transplantation/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- Transplantation Tolerance/immunology
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Innovative Surgery, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 3-35-31 Taishido, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154-8567, Japan
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30
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Nouri-Shirazi M, Guinet E. Direct and indirect cross-tolerance of alloreactive T cells by dendritic cells retained in the immature stage. Transplantation 2002; 74:1035-44. [PMID: 12394851 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200210150-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rejection of allografts entails the direct and indirect cross-recognition of donor major histocompatibility complex molecules by recipient alloreactive T cells. The ability to manipulate the state of dendritic cell (DC) maturation in vitro has enabled us to induce tolerance specifically targeting the alloreactive T-cell compartment. In this study, the immunoregulatory effect of alloantigen presentation by ex vivo-generated donor and recipient DCs retained in immature stage was investigated. METHODS Dendritic cell were generated by culturing monocytes with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. Ex vivo-generated tolerogenic DCs were characterized by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Recipient T-cell responses to donor or recipient DCs loaded with donor-derived apoptotic cells were assessed in a two-step culture system. RESULTS Dendritic cells maintained their phagocytic and endocytic activities, and had significantly reduced capacity to prime recipient T cells. Moreover, primary coculture of recipient T cells with donor tolerogenic DCs rendered alloantigen-specific T cells hyporesponsive to a subsequent challenge with donor immunogenic DCs as evidenced by decreased proliferation and cytokine secretion. Importantly, recipient tolerogenic DCs loaded with donor-derived apoptotic cells were able to cross-tolerize recipient T cells. This was revealed by alloantigen-specific T-cell hyporesponsiveness on restimulation with the recipient immunogenic DCs loaded with different tissue-derived apoptotic cells obtained from the same donor. CONCLUSIONS Dendritic cells retained in immature stage induce direct and most importantly indirect cross-tolerance of alloantigen-specific T cells. It may be likely that administration of donor and/or recipient DCs could be one means with which to promote tolerance induction in acute and chronic phases of organ transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Nouri-Shirazi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Immunology Laboratory, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
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31
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Tan P, Mitchell DA, Buss TN, Holmes MA, Anasetti C, Foote J. "Superhumanized" antibodies: reduction of immunogenic potential by complementarity-determining region grafting with human germline sequences: application to an anti-CD28. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:1119-25. [PMID: 12097421 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.2.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Humanized Abs are created by combining, at the genetic level, the complementarity-determining regions of a murine mAb with the framework sequences of a human Ab variable domain. This leads to a functional Ab with reduced immunogenic side effects in human therapy. In this study, we report a new approach to humanizing murine mAbs that may reduce immunogenicity even further. This method is applied to humanize the murine anti-human CD28 Ab, 9.3. The canonical structures of the hypervariable loops of murine 9.3 were matched to human genomic V gene sequences whose hypervariable loops had identical or similar canonical structures. Framework sequences for those human V genes were then used, unmodified, with the 9.3 complementarity-determining regions to construct a humanized version of 9.3. The humanized 9.3 and a chimeric 9.3 control were expressed in Escherichia coli as Fab. The humanized Fab showed a moderate loss in avidity in a direct binding ELISA with immobilized CD28-Ig fusion protein (CD28-Ig). Humanized 9.3 blocked ligation of CD28-Ig to cells expressing the CD28 receptor CD80. Lastly, the humanized 9.3 showed biological activity as an immunosuppressant by inhibiting a MLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Tan
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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32
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Ohata J, Sakurai J, Saito K, Tani K, Asano S, Azuma M. Differential graft-versus-leukaemia effect by CD28 and CD40 co-stimulatory blockade after graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. Clin Exp Immunol 2002; 129:61-8. [PMID: 12100023 PMCID: PMC1906426 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-stimulatory blockade may be a promising strategy for tolerance induction in transplantation. In allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for leukaemia treatment, however, preservation of the graft-versus-leukaemia (GVL) effect is another critical requirement for clinical application. In this study, we have compared the effect on GVL of using CD28 and CD40 co-stimulatory blockades as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in a murine allogeneic BMT model with simultaneous transfer of BCL1 leukaemia. Despite the relative improvement of GVHD as assessed by survival and body weight in both treatment regimes, treatment with anti-CD154 moAb clearly diminished the GVL effect, whereas treatment with anti-CD80 and CD86 MoAbs maintained this effect. Although T cell-mediated effector function at 14 days post-BMT assessed by IFNgamma expression and cytotoxicity against host alloantigen was comparable between both co-stimulatory blockades, IL-12 mRNA expression was preferentially reduced by CD40 blockade. Our results suggest the differential involvement of the CD28 and CD40 co-stimulatory pathways in the development of GVHD and GVL effects. CD28 blockade may be a favourable strategy for tolerance induction in leukaemia patients undergoing BMT.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/toxicity
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- B7-1 Antigen/immunology
- B7-2 Antigen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- CD40 Antigens/immunology
- CD40 Ligand/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control
- Graft vs Leukemia Effect/drug effects
- Graft vs Leukemia Effect/immunology
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunosuppressive Agents/immunology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-12/biosynthesis
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukemia, Experimental/immunology
- Leukemia, Experimental/therapy
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Radiation Chimera
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Transplantation, Homologous/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ohata
- Department of Immunology, National Children's Medical Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Abstract
Many factors contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Targets for treating such debilitating diseases will become more apparent by understanding the nature of immune activation. This review examines the possibility of targeting costimulation and discusses the molecules found on the T cell and the antigen-presenting cell (APC) that participate in T cell activation. Although new molecules continue to be discovered, the functions of B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), CD28, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), inducible costimulator (ICOS), programmed death 1 (PD-1), OX 40 (CD134) and CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154) are now sufficiently understood that immunologists are targeting them to manipulate T cells to slow the progression of autoimmune diseases or treat tumours through the increase in T cell activation. CD28, ICOS, OX 40 and CD40L are considered the costimulatory molecules that increase T cell activation. However, ICOS and OX 40 appear to act on memory cells while CD28 is predominantly a naive T cell activator. Most therapies in the treatment of autoimmunity that target these molecules work through blockade of their function with receptor specific immunoglobulin (Ig). CTLA-4 and PD-1 are considered to be the inhibitory T cell costimulators. While stimulating CTLA-4 has not been a widely used therapy, using soluble CTLA-4Ig to block B7 and disrupt the B7/CD28 pathway is fairly common. The majority of therapeutic use for PD-1 stems from targeting PD-1 with its natural ligand. It is hoped that therapies targeting costimulation may provide a means of conserving the patient's normal T cell repertoire and immune function whilst eliminating or suppressing autoreactive T cells and thus provide a more efficient means to treat autoimmune disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD
- Antigens, Differentiation/drug effects
- Antigens, Differentiation/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/drug effects
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/drug effects
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/drug effects
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- B7-1 Antigen/drug effects
- B7-1 Antigen/immunology
- B7-2 Antigen/drug effects
- B7-2 Antigen/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/drug effects
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- CD40 Ligand/drug effects
- CD40 Ligand/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Drug Design
- Humans
- Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
- Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Membrane Glycoproteins/drug effects
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Immunological
- OX40 Ligand
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
- Receptors, OX40
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/drug effects
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factors/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney W Stuart
- Department of Neurology and the Center for Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9036, USA
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34
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Wu ZQ, Shen Y, Khan AQ, Chu CL, Riese R, Chapman HA, Kanagawa O, Snapper CM. The mechanism underlying T cell help for induction of an antigen-specific in vivo humoral immune response to intact Streptococcus pneumoniae is dependent on the type of antigen. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:5551-7. [PMID: 12023350 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.11.5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Little is known concerning the role of T cells in regulating an anti-polysaccharide Ig response to an intact pathogen. We previously reported that the in vivo Ig responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae (strain R36A), specific for pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and for the phosphorylcholine (PC) determinant of C-polysaccharide, were both dependent on TCR-alphabeta(+) T cells and B7-dependent costimulation, although only PspA-specific memory was generated. In this report, we show that the T cell help underlying these two Ag-specific Ig responses is distinct. Using H-Y-specific T cell transgenic mice made "nonleaky" by crossing with mice genetically deficient for TCR-alpha, we demonstrate that the T cell help for the anti-PC, in contrast to the anti-PspA, response is TCR-nonspecific and occurs normally in the absence of germinal center formation, although it is still dependent on B7-dependent costimulation. Consistent with these data, we demonstrate, using cathepsin S(-/-) mice, that although the anti-PC response is largely dependent on CD4(+) T cells, there is a reduced (or lack of) dependence, relative to the anti-PspA response, on the generation of new peptide-MHC class II complexes. In this regard, the T cell help for an optimal anti-PC response is delivered more rapidly than that required for an optimal anti-PspA response. Collectively, these data demonstrate a novel accelerated TCR-nonspecific B7-dependent form of T cell help for augmenting a polysaccharide-specific Ig response to an intact bacterium without the generation of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Qi Wu
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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35
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Tikkanen JM, Lemström KB, Koskinen PK. Blockade of CD28/B7-2 costimulation inhibits experimental obliterative bronchiolitis in rat tracheal allografts: suppression of helper T cell type1-dominated immune response. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165:724-9. [PMID: 11874822 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.165.5.2107084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation is a proximal event in the initiation of chronic rejection that may ultimately lead to obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) after lung transplantation. In addition to primary signals generated by the T cell receptor, T cell activation relies on costimulatory signals, of which the most important are mediated via interaction between CD28 and its ligands B7-1 and B7-2. In nontreated rat tracheal allografts, B7-2, but not B7-1, expression peaked 10 d after transplantation, unlike in syngeneic grafts, where no B7-2 upregulation was observed. Selective blockade of the CD28/B7-1 T cell costimulatory pathway by a mutant form of CTLA4Ig (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin), CTLA4IgY100F, did not affect epithelial injury or degree of luminal occlusion in rat tracheal allografts. Treatment with CTLA4Ig fusion protein, which blocks both CD28/B7-1 and CD28/B7-2 interaction, significantly delayed the development of epithelial injury and airway occlusion. Immunohistochemical analyses of allografts showed that selective inhibition of the CD28/B7-1 pathway did not affect cytokine expression. In contrast, treatment with CTLA4Ig was associated with a significant decrease in the intragraft production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 2, and interferon gamma, as well as slightly increased intragraft expression of interleukin 10. In conclusion, CTLA4Ig-mediated costimulatory blockade delays epithelial injury and attenuates obliterative changes and is associated with marked suppression of helper T cell type 1 (Th1)-dominated cytokine response. These observations emphasize the role of the CD28/B7-2 costimulatory pathway in regulating proinflammatory and Th1 cytokine responses and thereby in the development of epithelial and graft injury gradually leading to obliteration of the airway lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi M Tikkanen
- Cardiopulmonary Research Group, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00029 Helsinki, Finland.
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36
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Colino J, Shen Y, Snapper CM. Dendritic cells pulsed with intact Streptococcus pneumoniae elicit both protein- and polysaccharide-specific immunoglobulin isotype responses in vivo through distinct mechanisms. J Exp Med 2002; 195:1-13. [PMID: 11781360 PMCID: PMC2196017 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20011432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immature bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells (BMDCs) are induced to undergo phenotypic maturation and secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and IL-10 when pulsed in vitro with intact Streptococcus pneumoniae. After transfer to naive mice, pulsed BMDCs induce immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype responses specific for both protein and polysaccharide pneumococcal antigens, having in common the requirement for viable BMDCs, T cells, and B7-dependent costimulation in the recipient mice. Whereas primary Ig isotype responses to bacterial proteins uniformly require BMDC expression of major histocompatibility complex class II, CD40, and B7, and the secretion of IL-6, but not IL-12, similar requirements for antipolysaccharide Ig responses were only observed for the IgG1 isotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Colino
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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37
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Nozawa K, Ohata J, Sakurai J, Hashimoto H, Miyajima H, Yagita H, Okumura K, Azuma M. Preferential blockade of CD8(+) T cell responses by administration of anti-CD137 ligand monoclonal antibody results in differential effect on development of murine acute and chronic graft-versus-host diseases. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:4981-6. [PMID: 11673505 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.9.4981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of CD137 costimulatory blockade in the development of murine acute and chronic graft-vs-host diseases (GVHD). The administration of anti-CD137 ligand (anti-CD137L) mAb at the time of GVHD induction ameliorated the lethality of acute GVHD, but enhanced IgE and anti-dsDNA IgG autoantibody production in chronic GVHD. The anti-CD137L mAb treatment efficiently inhibited donor CD8(+) T cell expansion and IFN-gamma expression by CD8(+) T cells in both GVHD models and CD8(+) T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against host-alloantigen in acute GVHD. However, a clear inhibition of donor CD4(+) T cell expansion and activation has not been observed. On the contrary, in chronic GVHD, the number of CD4(+) T cells producing IL-4 was enhanced by anti-CD137L mAb treatment. This suggests that the reduction of CD8(+) T cells producing IFN-gamma promotes Th2 cell differentiation and may result in exacerbation of chronic GVHD. Our results highlight the effective inactivation of CD8(+) T cells and the lesser effect on CD4(+) T cell inactivation by CD137 blockade. Intervention of the CD137 costimulatory pathway may be beneficial for some selected diseases in which CD8(+) T cells are major effector or pathogenic cells. Otherwise, a combinatorial approach will be required for intervention of CD4(+) T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nozawa
- Department of Immunology, National Children's Medical Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Snapper CM, Shen Y, Khan AQ, Colino J, Zelazowski P, Mond JJ, Gause WC, Wu ZQ. Distinct types of T-cell help for the induction of a humoral immune response to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Trends Immunol 2001; 22:308-11. [PMID: 11377289 DOI: 10.1016/s1471-4906(01)01926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies have indicated that purified soluble polysaccharide antigens can elicit T cell-independent Ig responses in vivo, although these responses can be modulated by T cells in a noncognate manner. Relatively little is known, however, concerning the parameters that regulate polysaccharide-specific, as well as protein-specific, Ig isotype responses to an intact extracellular bacterium. Using the murine in vivo humoral response to intact Streptococcus pneumoniae as a model it can be shown that CD4+ T-cell receptor alphabeta+ T cells deliver help for both polysaccharide- and protein-specific Ig responses. However, these responses differ fundamentally in their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Snapper
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Services, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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39
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Blazar BR, Kwon BS, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Kwak KB, Peschon JJ, Taylor PA. Ligation of 4-1BB (CDw137) regulates graft-versus-host disease, graft-versus-leukemia, and graft rejection in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:3174-83. [PMID: 11207270 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.5.3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
4-1BB is expressed on activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells; its ligand, 4-1BB ligand is expressed on APCs. Despite expression on both T cell subpopulations, 4-1BB has been reported to predominantly affect CD8(+) T cell responses. By quantifying graft-vs-host disease alloresponses in vivo, we demonstrate that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell-mediated alloresponses are regulated by 4-1BB/4-1BB ligand interactions to approximately the same extent. 4-1BB receptor-facilitated CD4(+) T cell-mediated alloresponses were partly CD28 independent. In two distinct marrow graft rejection systems, host CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells each separately contributed to host anti-donor T cell-mediated allograft rejection. alpha 4-1BB mAb increased the graft-vs-leukemia effect of a suboptimal number of donor splenocytes given later post bone marrow transplantation by bolstering allogeneic responses resulting in leukemia elimination. In summary, 4-1BB ligation is a potent regulator of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell-mediated allogeneic responses in vivo. Modifying the ligation of 4-1BB represents a new approach to altering the graft-vs-host disease and graft-vs-leukemia effects of allogeneic T cells post bone marrow transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- 4-1BB Ligand
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antigens, CD
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/immunology
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/mortality
- CD28 Antigens/physiology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Division/immunology
- Graft Rejection/genetics
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/genetics
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/mortality
- Graft vs Leukemia Effect/genetics
- Graft vs Leukemia Effect/immunology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/prevention & control
- Ligands
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Transfusion
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/deficiency
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/deficiency
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Blazar
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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40
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Lu Y, Sakamaki S, Kuroda H, Kusakabe T, Konuma Y, Akiyama T, Fujimi A, Takemoto N, Nishiie K, Matsunaga T, Hirayama Y, Kato J, Kon S, Kogawa K, Niitsu Y. Prevention of lethal acute graft-versus-host disease in mice by oral administration of T helper 1 inhibitor, TAK-603. Blood 2001; 97:1123-30. [PMID: 11159546 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.4.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host diseases (GVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). T helper 1 (Th1)-type cytokines such as interferon-gamma or tumor necrosis factor-alpha have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute GVHD. TAK-603 is a new quinoline derivative, which is now in clinical trials for use as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug. In preclinical studies, it inhibited delayed-type hypersensitivity, but not Arthus-type reaction, in mice, and selectively suppressed Th1 cytokine production. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate whether the Th1 inhibitor (TAK-603) ameliorates lethal acute GVHD in a mouse model. Administration of TAK-603 into BALB/c mice given 10 Gy total body irradiation followed by transplantation of bone marrow and spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice markedly reduced the mortality in association with minimal signs of GVHD pathology in the liver, intestine, and skin. TAK-603 reduced not only the production of Th1-type cytokines, but also the proportion of Th1 cells in CD4(+) helper T cells in this GVHD mouse model. These results suggest that TAK-603 could be a potent therapeutic agent for acute lethal GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lu
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and the First Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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41
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Wu ZQ, Khan AQ, Shen Y, Schartman J, Peach R, Lees A, Mond JJ, Gause WC, Snapper CM. B7 requirements for primary and secondary protein- and polysaccharide-specific Ig isotype responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:6840-8. [PMID: 11120807 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.12.6840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The requirements for B7 costimulation during an in vivo humoral response to an intact extracellular bacteria have not been reported. In this study we immunized mice with Streptococcus pneumoniae (R36A) to determine the B7 requirements for induction of Ig, specific for two determinants on R36A, the phosphorylcholine (PC) determinant of C-polysaccharide and pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA). We show that the primary anti-PspA response, the development of PspA-specific memory, and the induction of the secondary anti-PspA response in primed mice were completely dependent upon B7 costimulation. Of note, costimulation was required only briefly after the secondary immunization compared with after the primary immunization for optimal induction of Ig. Blockade of B7 costimulation at the time of secondary immunization also completely abrogated the established state of memory, but did not induce tolerance. In contrast to the anti-PspA response, the primary anti-PC response involved only a very short period of B7 costimulation. Whereas B7-2 alone was required for induction of the primary anti-PspA and anti-PC responses, a redundant role for B7-1 and B7-2 was noted for the PspA-specific secondary response. CTLA4Ig blocked both the anti-PC and anti-PspA responses equally well over a wide range of bacterial doses. These studies demonstrate a critical, but variable, role for B7-dependent costimulation during an Ig response to an extracellular bacteria.
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MESH Headings
- Abatacept
- Animals
- Antibodies, Blocking/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Antigens, Differentiation/administration & dosage
- B7-1 Antigen/immunology
- B7-1 Antigen/metabolism
- B7-1 Antigen/physiology
- B7-2 Antigen
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/genetics
- CD28 Antigens/physiology
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Epitopes/immunology
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunoconjugates
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/blood
- Immunologic Memory
- Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Kinetics
- Ligands
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phosphorylcholine/immunology
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Q Wu
- Departments of. Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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42
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Lee YH, Miki T, Kuddus R, Tandin A, Goller AL, Subbotin V, Fung JJ, Peach R, Valdivia LA, Rao AS. Administration of CTLA4-Ig enhances the incidence of hamster-to-rat xenogeneic bone marrow engraftment and alters the presentation of graft-vs-host disease. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:1032-3. [PMID: 10936336 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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43
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Ferrara JL, Holler E, Blazar B. Monoclonal antibody and receptor antagonist therapy for GVHD. Cancer Treat Res 2000; 101:331-68. [PMID: 10800656 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4987-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Ferrara
- University of Michigan Cancer Center, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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44
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Ascher E, Scheinman M, Hingorani A, Seth P, Marella VK, Jacob T. Effect of p53 gene therapy combined with CTLA4Ig selective immunosuppression on prolonged neointima formation reduction in a rat model. Ann Vasc Surg 2000; 14:385-92. [PMID: 10943792 DOI: 10.1007/s100169910077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we have demonstrated a significant reduction of neointimal formation following adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of p53 to the injured rat carotid artery. The purpose of this study was to determine if the effect of p53 gene in reducing neointimal formation would still be present up to 8 weeks after arterial injury and whether it could be enhanced by adding immunosuppression. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 Ig (CTLA41g), a novel immunosuppressive agent, is a recombinant soluble protein that blocks T cell-dependent immune response. Animals were divided into eight groups (n = 6 in each). In vivo gene transfer was used in isolated segments of balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. Genetically modified adenovirus encoding for wild-type p53 protein was applied at 8 x 10(10) pfu/mL. Control rats received adenovirus null at the same concentration. A daily dose of 300 microg of CTLA41g was given intraperitoneally, either once, twice, or three times. Expression of p53 was determined by Western blot analysis. Neointimal formation was assessed at 4 or 8 weeks by harvesting carotid arteries and determining the intima/media (I/M) ratio cross-sectional area measurements. p53 expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis. We concluded that adenovirus-mediated p53 gene transfer significantly decreases the formation of neointima up to 8 weeks following rat carotid injury. However, there is loss of effectiveness on neointimal formation inhibition as time elapses. When CTLA41g is added, there is significant improvement in results, with sustained neointimal formation inhibition at 8 weeks after the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ascher
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA
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45
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Yu XZ, Bidwell SJ, Martin PJ, Anasetti C. CD28-specific antibody prevents graft-versus-host disease in mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:4564-8. [PMID: 10779758 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.9.4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The costimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2 regulate T cell activation by delivering activation signals through CD28 and inhibitory signals through CTLA4. Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) is caused by activated donor T cells. Previously, we showed that CD28-deficient donor T cells induced less-severe GVHD than wild-type donor T cells, suggesting that CD28 signals exacerbate GVHD. In this paper we demonstrate that CTLA4 signals attenuate the severity of GVHD. Targeting the CD28 receptor with a specific mAb modulates the receptor in vivo, inhibits donor T cell expansion, and prevents GVHD. CTLA4 signaling was necessary for this effect because treatment with a soluble ligand that blocks binding of B7 to both CD28 and CTLA4 did not prevent GVHD as effectively as anti-CD28 mAb. These results support the current model of T cell costimulation in which CD28 signals amplify GVHD while CTLA4 signals inhibit GVHD, providing evidence that selective targeting of CD28 might be a better therapeutic strategy for inducing immunological tolerance than blocking the ligands for both CD28 and CTLA4.
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MESH Headings
- Abatacept
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens, CD
- Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation/physiology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/mortality
- Graft vs Host Disease/pathology
- Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control
- Growth Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Immunoconjugates
- Immunoglobulin G/therapeutic use
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphopenia/immunology
- Lymphopenia/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Yu
- Human Immunogenetics Program, Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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46
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O'Rourke RW, Kang SM, Lower JA, Feng S, Ascher NL, Baekkeskov S, Stock PG. A dendritic cell line genetically modified to express CTLA4-IG as a means to prolong islet allograft survival. Transplantation 2000; 69:1440-6. [PMID: 10798768 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200004150-00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting cells that bind allogeneic T cells. They are thus candidates for targeting immunoregulatory molecules to the alloreactive T cell compartment and suppressing the alloimmune response. METHOD A dendritic cell line derived from the BALB/c mouse (H2d) was genetically modified to express the immunoregulatory molecule CTLA4-Ig. The ability of these dendritic cell transfectants to downregulate the alloimmune response was tested in an islet transplant model. Allogeneic C57Bl/6 (H2b) mice were rendered diabetic with streptozocin, and they received BALB/c islet (H2d) transplants. Mice were administered 25 million untransfected or CTLA4-Ig-transfected D2SC/1 cells i.v. on the day of islet transplantation and 6 days later[fnc]. RESULT Mice treated with CTLA4-Ig-transfected D2SC/1 cells demonstrated prolonged allograft survival (mean = 20 days, median = 17 days, SD = 9.39) compared with mice treated with untransfected D2SC/1 cells (mean = 12 days, median = 11 days, SD=2.74) or untreated control mice (mean = 11 days, median = 11 days SD = 1.41). Third party allograft survival was not prolonged in mice receiving similar treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that a genetically modified dendritic cell line can suppress the alloimmune response and prolong islet allograft survival in an allospecific manner. The findings also suggest that genetically modified dendritic cells may be useful in targeting alloreactive T cells and prolonging allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W O'Rourke
- Transplantation Laboratory, and Hormone Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0780, USA
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47
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of systemic immunosuppressive drugs have been paramount in the success in transplantation, but there are serious deleterious effects. Genetic modification of grafts to secrete immunomodulators locally may be a way to reduce the need for systemic immunosuppression. METHODS AND RESULTS An insulinoma cell line, NIT, having the nonobese diabetic (NOD) genotype but also expressing the SV40 large T Ag, was transfected with CTLA4Ig or OX40Ig in an attempt to block signals in the costimulatory/adhesion pathways. The extracellular domains of these molecules have been fused to the Fc of IgG2c derived from the NOD mouse strain. This resulted in secreted and dimerized proteins. SV40 T Ag is potent at inducing graft rejection. Test and control transfectants were transplanted subcutaneously into young NOD mice to determine whether secretion of CTLA4Ig and OX40Ig would promote survival of the insulinoma graft. In immunodeficient mice, cell growth was similar for all transfectants. However, in immunocompetent NOD mice, the survival/growth of test grafts was significantly better than that of controls. By combining test transfectants, we found that graft survival was enhanced in an additive and significant fashion. In vitro, there was a significant reduction in immune responses-compared with control-when purified fusion proteins were added to mixed leukocyte reaction cultures. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that blockade of individual costimulatory/adhesion signals by graft manipulation can contribute to transplantation success and that blockade of combinations of signals in these pathways enhances this success. Successful immunomodulation by the graft itself can be achieved.
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MESH Headings
- Abatacept
- Animals
- Antigens, CD
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation/therapeutic use
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Genetic Techniques
- Immunocompetence
- Immunoconjugates
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/genetics
- Insulin/biosynthesis
- Islets of Langerhans/drug effects
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Islets of Langerhans Transplantation
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Inbred NOD/physiology
- Mice, SCID
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Brady
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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48
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Yu C, Linsley P, Seidel K, Sale G, Deeg HJ, Nash RA, Storb R. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin fusion protein combined with methotrexate/cyclosporine as graft-versus-host disease prevention in a canine dog leukocyte antigen-nonidentical marrow transplant model. Transplantation 2000; 69:450-4. [PMID: 10706061 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200002150-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied whether blocking of the T cell costimulatory signal from B7-->CD28 by cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin fusion protein would, either by itself or when added to methotrexate/cyclosporine, result in improved graft-versus-host disease prevention after dog leukocyte antigen nonidentical canine hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after 920 cGy total body irradiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Survivals of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin fusion protein-treated dogs were only slightly prolonged over controls. It appeared that the addition of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin fusion protein failed to induce graft-host tolerance in this model beyond that achieved with methotrexate/cyclosporine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
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49
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Sakurai J, Ohata J, Saito K, Miyajima H, Hirano T, Kohsaka T, Enomoto S, Okumura K, Azuma M. Blockade of CTLA-4 signals inhibits Th2-mediated murine chronic graft-versus-host disease by an enhanced expansion of regulatory CD8+ T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:664-9. [PMID: 10623808 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.2.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CTLA-4 (CD152) is thought to be a negative regulator of T cell activation. Little is known about the function of CTLA-4 in Th2-type immune responses. We have investigated the effect of initial treatment with anti-CTLA-4 mAb on murine chronic graft-vs-host disease. Transfer of parental BALB/c splenocytes into C57BL/6 x BALB/c F1 mice induced serum IgE production, IL-4 expression by donor CD4+ T cells, and host allo-Ag-specific IgG1 production at 6-9 wk after transfer. Treatment with anti-CTLA-4 mAb for the initial 2 wk significantly reduced IgE and IgG1 production and IL-4 expression. Analysis of the splenic phenotype revealed the enhancement of donor T cell expansion, especially within the CD8 subset, and the elimination of host cells early after anti-CTLA-4 mAb treatment. This treatment did not affect early IFN-gamma expression by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and anti-host cytolytic activity. Thus, blockade of CTLA-4 greatly enhanced CD8+ T cell expansion, and this may result in the regulation of consequent Th2-mediated humoral immune responses. These findings suggest a new approach for regulating IgE-mediated allergic immune responses by blockade of CTLA-4 during a critical period of Ag sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sakurai
- Department of Immunology, National Children's Medical Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Guttormsen HK, Sharpe AH, Chandraker AK, Brigtsen AK, Sayegh MH, Kasper DL. Cognate stimulatory B-cell-T-cell interactions are critical for T-cell help recruited by glycoconjugate vaccines. Infect Immun 1999; 67:6375-84. [PMID: 10569753 PMCID: PMC97045 DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.12.6375-6384.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent linkage of a bacterial polysaccharide to an immunogenic protein greatly enhances the carbohydrate's immunogenicity and induces polysaccharide-specific B-cell memory in vivo. These findings have spurred the development of glycoconjugate vaccines for serious bacterial infections. The specific B-cell-T-cell interactions responsible for recruitment of T-cell help by glycoconjugate vaccines are not well defined. We used mice deficient in molecules critical for stimulatory, cognate B-cell-T-cell interactions to study how T cells improve the immunogenicity of a glycoconjugate vaccine against group B streptococcal disease. Isotype switching to immunoglobulin G (IgG) was abrogated in mice deficient in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen (Ag)-T-cell receptor (TCR), B7-CD28, or CD40-CD40L interactions. However, expression of either the B7-1 or the B7-2 molecule on antigen-presenting cells was sufficient for optimal T-cell costimulation. T cells activated by the vaccine also played a pivotal role in determining the magnitude of the IgM response to the polysaccharide. Comparable results were obtained with pathway antagonists. These data suggest that MHC class II Ag-TCR, B7-CD28, and CD40-CD40L interactions are critical for immune responses to glycoconjugate vaccines in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Guttormsen
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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