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Iorizzo M, Coppola F, Pannella G, Ganassi S, Matarazzo C, Albanese G, Tedino C, Di Donato LM, Iacovino VP, Cozzolino R, De Cristofaro A. First Report on Antifungal Activity of Metschnikowia pulcherrima Against Ascosphaera apis, the Causative Agent of Chalkbrood Disease in Honeybee ( Apis mellifera L.) Colonies. J Fungi (Basel) 2025; 11:336. [PMID: 40422670 DOI: 10.3390/jof11050336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2025] [Revised: 04/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/23/2025] [Indexed: 05/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Chalkbrood is the manifestation of the fungal disease caused by Ascosphaera apis, which affects broods of developing honeybees, particularly in Apis mellifera colonies. Recently, Metschnikowia pulcherrima has been proposed as a biocontrol agent in winemaking and for the management of major postharvest and soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi. In this study, the antagonistic activity of three M. pulcherrima strains against fifteen A. apis strains, isolated from contaminated hives of A. mellifera, was evaluated, with a specific focus on the potential antifungal activity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The study revealed that M. pulcherrima was effective against A. apis and that the antifungal activity was related to various mechanisms including competition for nutrients, secretion of pulcherriminic acid, and biosynthesis of specific antifungal VOCs. We also found that each M. pulcherrima strain produced a unique combination of VOCs, and the antifungal activity was strain-dependent and varied depending on the specific yeast-mold combination. In addition, preliminary analyses showed that a temperature of 30 °C and a higher amount of glucose (40 g/L) in the growing medium promote the growth of A. apis. These results could be useful for designing new strategies for the biocontrol of chalkbrood disease in honeybee colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Iorizzo
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesca Coppola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pannella
- Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Ganassi
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Cristina Matarazzo
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gianluca Albanese
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Cosimo Tedino
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Licia Maria Di Donato
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pio Iacovino
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Rosaria Cozzolino
- Institute of Food Science, National Council of Research (ISA-CNR), 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Antonio De Cristofaro
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
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Michalczyk M. Methods of Modifying the Content of Glucosinolates and Their Derivatives in Sprouts and Microgreens During Their Cultivation and Postharvest Handling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2025; 2025:2133668. [PMID: 39839498 PMCID: PMC11750299 DOI: 10.1155/ijfo/2133668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 10/25/2024] [Accepted: 12/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
Abstract
Sprouts and microgreens which belong to the Brassicaceae family contain significantly more glucosinolates than mature vegetables, and their composition often differs too. These plant growth stages can be a valuable supplement of the aforementioned compounds in the diet. The content and proportion of individual glucosinolates in sprouts and microgreens can be regulated by modifying the length and temperature of cultivation, the type of light, the use of mineral compounds, elicitation, primming, and cold plasma as well as storage conditions. The way in which sprouts are prepared for consumption affects the yield of glucosinolate hydrolysis. Genetic variation leading to different plant responses to the same factors (e.g., type of light) makes it necessary to conduct detailed studies involving species and variety diversity. Heat stress and the use of cold plasma appear to be fairly universal methods for increasing glucosinolate content. Studies on the use of light at different wavelengths do not provide unequivocal results. Despite experiments on the use of seed soaking solutions (e.g., sulfur and selenium compounds), there are no studies in the available literature on the effects of chemical and thermal seed disinfection methods on the glucosinolate content of the obtained sprouts and microgreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Michalczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Food, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
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3
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Strzelecki P, Karczewska M, Szalewska-Pałasz A, Nowicki D. Phytochemicals Controlling Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) Virulence-Current Knowledge of Their Mechanisms of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:381. [PMID: 39796236 PMCID: PMC11719993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26010381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2024] [Revised: 12/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 01/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a common pathotype of E. coli that causes numerous outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. EHEC is a zoonotic pathogen that is transmitted from animals to humans. Ruminants, particularly cattle, are considered important reservoirs for virulent EHEC strains. Humans can become infected with EHEC through the consumption of contaminated food and water or through direct contact with infected animals or humans. E. coli O157:H7 is one of the most commonly reported causes of foodborne illnesses in developed countries. The formation of attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions on the intestinal epithelium, combined with Shiga toxin production, is a hallmark of EHEC infection and can lead to lethal hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). For the phage-dependent regulation of Shiga toxin production, antibiotic treatment is contraindicated, as it may exacerbate toxin production, limiting therapeutic options to supportive care. In response to this challenge and the growing threat of antibiotic resistance, phytochemicals have emerged as promising antivirulence agents. These plant-derived compounds target bacterial virulence mechanisms without promoting resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study is to summarize the recent knowledge on the use of phytochemicals targeting EHEC. We focused on the molecular basis of their action, targeting the principal virulence determinants of EHEC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnieszka Szalewska-Pałasz
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (P.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Dariusz Nowicki
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (P.S.); (M.K.)
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Laurent J, Le Berre I, Armengaud J, Waeles M, Sturbois A, Durand G, Le Floch S, Laroche J, Pichereau V. Environmental signatures and fish proteomics: A multidisciplinary study to identify the major stressors in estuaries located in French agricultural watersheds. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 363:124876. [PMID: 39383988 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Watersheds and estuaries are impacted by multiple anthropogenic stressors that affect their biodiversity and functioning. Assessing their ecological quality has consequently remained challenging for scientists and stakeholders. In this paper, we propose a multidisciplinary approach to identify the stressors in seven small French estuaries located in agricultural watersheds. We collected data from landscape (geography, hydrobiology) to estuary (pollutant chemistry) and fish individual scales (environmental signatures, proteomics). This integrative approach focused on the whole hydrosystems, from river basins to estuaries. To characterize each watershed, we attempted to determine the land use considering geographic indicators (agricultural and urbanised surfaces) and landscape patterns (hedges density and riparian vegetation). Juveniles of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) were captured in September, after an average residence of five summer months in the estuary. Analyses of water, sediments and biota allowed to determine the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen species, pesticides and trace elements in the systems. Environmental signatures were also measured in flounder tissues. These environmental parameters were used to establish a typology of the watersheds. Furthermore, data from proteomics on fish liver were combined with environmental signatures to determine the responses of fish to stressors in their environments. Differential protein abundances highlighted a dysregulation related to the detoxification of xenobiotics (mainly pesticides) in agricultural watersheds, characterized by intensive cereal and vegetable crops and high livestock. Omics also revealed a dysregulation of proteins associated with the response to hypoxia and heat stress in some estuaries. Furthermore, we highlighted a dysregulation of proteins involved in urea cycle, immunity and metabolism of fatty acids in several systems. Finally, the combination of environmental and molecular signatures appears to be a relevant method to identify the major stressors operating within hydrosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Laurent
- Univ Brest - CNRS - IRD - Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, IUEM-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France; CEDRE, 715 rue Alain Colas, 29200, Brest, France.
| | - Iwan Le Berre
- Univ Brest - CNRS, UMR 6554 LETG-Brest GEOMER, IUEM-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Laboratoire Innovations Technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (Li2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRAe, F-30207, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Matthieu Waeles
- Univ Brest - CNRS - IRD - Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, IUEM-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Anthony Sturbois
- Univ Brest - CNRS - IRD - Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, IUEM-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France; Vivarmor Nature, Réserve Naturelle Nationale de la Baie de Saint-Brieuc, Ploufragan, France
| | - Gaël Durand
- LABOCEA, 120 Avenue Alexis de Rochon, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Jean Laroche
- Univ Brest - CNRS - IRD - Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, IUEM-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Vianney Pichereau
- Univ Brest - CNRS - IRD - Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, IUEM-Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
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Dong X, Yu X, Lu M, Xu Y, Zhou L, Peng T. Quantitative chemical proteomics reveals that phenethyl isothiocyanate covalently targets BID to promote apoptosis. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:456. [PMID: 39472556 PMCID: PMC11522290 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring isothiocyanates (ITCs) found in cruciferous vegetables, such as benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), and sulforaphane (SFN), have attracted significant research interest for their promising anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo. While the induction of apoptosis is recognized to play a key role in the anti-cancer effects of ITCs, the specific protein targets and associated upstream events underlying ITC-induced apoptosis remain unknown. In this study, we present a set of chemical probes that are derived from BITC, PEITC, and SFN and equipped with bioorthogonal alkynyl handles to systematically profile the target proteins of ITCs in live cancer cells. Using a competition-based quantitative chemical proteomics approach, we identify a range of candidate target proteins of ITCs enriched in biological processes such as apoptosis. We show that BID, an apoptosis regulator of the Bcl-2 family, is covalently modified by ITCs on its N-terminal cysteines. Functional characterization demonstrates that covalent binding to N-terminal cysteines of BID by PEITC results in conformational changes of the protein and disruption of the self-inhibitory interaction between N- and C-terminal regions of BID, thus unleashing the highly active C-terminal segment to exert downstream pro-apoptotic effects. Consistently, PEITC promotes the cleavage and mitochondrial translocation of BID, leading to a strong induction of apoptosis. We further show that mutation of N-terminal cysteines impairs the N- and C-terminal interaction of BID, relieving the self-inhibition and enhancing its apoptotic activity. Overall, our chemical proteomics profiling and functional studies not only reveal BID as the principal target of PEITC in mediating upstream events for the induction of apoptosis, but also uncover a novel molecular mechanism involving N-terminal cysteines within the first helix of BID in regulating its pro-apoptotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Minghao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yaxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Yilmaz YB, Güngör T, Dönmez S, Atalay HN, Siyah P, Durdağı S, Ay M, Boyunegmez Tumer T. Synthesis, in silico and bio-evaluation studies of new isothiocyanate derivatives with respect to COX inhibition and H 2S release profiles. RSC Med Chem 2024:d4md00495g. [PMID: 39507615 PMCID: PMC11536671 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00495g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of H2S-donating derivatives of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is considered important to reduce or overcome their gastrointestinal side effects. Sulforaphane, one of the most extensively studied isothiocyanates (ITCs), effectively releases H2S at a slow rate. Thus, we rationally designed, synthesized, and characterized new ITC derivatives (I1-3 and I1a-e) inspired by the natural compound sulforaphane. The anti-inflammatory properties of these compounds were evaluated by their inhibitory activities against cyclooxygenase targets COX-1 and COX-2. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested using the MTT assay on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, revealing no cytotoxic effects at low doses. Notably, compounds I1 and fluorine-containing ester derivative I1c emerged as the most potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors, with selectivity indexes of 2611.5 and 2582.4, respectively. The H2S-releasing capacities of ITC derivatives were investigated and compared with that of sulforaphane, showing that while compounds I1-3 exhibit slow and similar H2S release to sulforaphane, the release from compounds I1a-e was not as pronounced as that of the standard. Physics-based molecular modeling studies including molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, binding free energy calculations and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) analyses were also conducted. MD simulations analysis underscored the crucial amino acids such as Tyr385, Trp387, Phe518, Val523, and Ser530 in the interactions between I1c hit compound and COX-2. The combined in silico and in vitro findings suggest that compounds I1 and I1c are promising NSAID candidates against selective COX-2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakup Berkay Yilmaz
- Graduate Program of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Graduate Studies, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Canakkale Türkiye
| | - Tuğba Güngör
- Natural Products and Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Canakkale Türkiye
| | - Serhat Dönmez
- Graduate Program of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Graduate Studies, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Canakkale Türkiye
| | - Hazal Nazlıcan Atalay
- Graduate Program of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Graduate Studies, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Canakkale Türkiye
| | - Pınar Siyah
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Bahçeşehir University Istanbul Türkiye
| | - Serdar Durdağı
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University Istanbul Türkiye
- Molecular Therapy Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Bahçeşehir University Istanbul Türkiye
- Lab for Innovative Drugs (Lab4IND), Computational Drug Design Center (HITMER), Bahçeşehir University Istanbul Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Ay
- Natural Products and Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Canakkale Türkiye
| | - Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Canakkale Türkiye
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Unger K, Raza SAK, Mayer T, Reichelt M, Stuttmann J, Hielscher A, Wittstock U, Gershenzon J, Agler MT. Glucosinolate structural diversity shapes recruitment of a metabolic network of leaf-associated bacteria. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8496. [PMID: 39353951 PMCID: PMC11445407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Host defenses can have broader ecological roles, but how they shape natural microbiome recruitment is poorly understood. Aliphatic glucosinolates (GLSs) are secondary defense metabolites in Brassicaceae plant leaves. Their genetically defined structure shapes interactions with pests in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, and here we find that it also shapes bacterial recruitment. In model genotype Col-0, GLSs (mostly 4-methylsulfinylbutyl-GLS) have no clear effect on natural leaf bacterial recruitment. In a genotype from a wild population, however, GLSs (mostly allyl-GLS) enrich specific taxa, mostly Comamonadaceae and Oxalobacteraceae. Consistently, Comamonadaceae are also enriched in wild A. thaliana, and Oxalobacteraceae are enriched from wild plants on allyl-GLS as carbon source, but not on 4-methylsulfinylbutyl-GLS. Recruitment differences between GLS structures most likely arise from bacterial myrosinase specificity. Community recruitment is then defined by metabolic cross-feeding among bacteria. The link of genetically defined metabolites to recruitment could lead to new strategies to shape plant microbiome balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Unger
- Institute for Microbiology, Plant Microbiosis Group, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Syed Ali Komail Raza
- Institute for Microbiology, Plant Microbiosis Group, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Teresa Mayer
- Institute for Microbiology, Plant Microbiosis Group, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Schülerforschungszentrum Berchtesgaden, Didactics of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Stuttmann
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, LEMiRE (Rhizosphère et Interactions sol-plante-microbiote), Aix Marseille University, 13115, Saint-Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Annika Hielscher
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ute Wittstock
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthew T Agler
- Institute for Microbiology, Plant Microbiosis Group, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Walsh C, Vanderburgh C, Grant L, Katz E, Kliebenstein DJ, Fierer N. Microbial terroir: associations between soil microbiomes and the flavor chemistry of mustard (Brassica juncea). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1951-1965. [PMID: 38553428 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Here, we characterized the independent role of soil microbiomes (bacterial and fungal communities) in determining the flavor chemistry of harvested mustard seed (Brassica juncea). Given the known impacts of soil microbial communities on various plant characteristics, we hypothesized that differences in rhizosphere microbiomes would result in differences in seed flavor chemistry (glucosinolate content). In a glasshouse study, we introduced distinct soil microbial communities to mustard plants growing in an otherwise consistent environment. At the end of the plant life cycle, we characterized the rhizosphere and root microbiomes and harvested produced mustard seeds for chemical characterization. Specifically, we measured the concentrations of glucosinolates, secondary metabolites known to create spicy and bitter flavors. We examined associations between rhizosphere microbial taxa or genes and seed flavor chemistry. We identified links between the rhizosphere microbial community composition and the concentration of the main glucosinolate, allyl, in seeds. We further identified specific rhizosphere taxa predictive of seed allyl concentration and identified bacterial functional genes, namely genes for sulfur metabolism, which could partly explain the observed associations. Together, this work offers insight into the potential influence of the belowground microbiome on the flavor of harvested crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Walsh
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Caihong Vanderburgh
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Lady Grant
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Ella Katz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Noah Fierer
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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9
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Baglioni M, Clemente I, Tamasi G, Bisozzi F, Costantini S, Fattori G, Gentile M, Rossi C. Isothiocyanate-Based Microemulsions Loaded into Biocompatible Hydrogels as Innovative Biofumigants for Agricultural Soils. Molecules 2024; 29:3935. [PMID: 39203013 PMCID: PMC11357407 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofumigation was proposed as an alternative to synthetic pesticides for the disinfection of agricultural soils, in view of the biocidal effect of isothiocyanates (ITCs) released by some vegetal species, like Brassicaceae. However, biofumigation also presents limitations; thus, a novel and viable alternative could be the direct introduction of ITCs into agricultural soils as components loaded into biodegradable hydrogels. Thus, in this work, ITCs-based microemulsions were developed, which can be loaded into porous polymer-based hydrogel beads based on sodium alginate (ALG) or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Three ITCs (ethyl, phenyl, and allyl isothiocyanate) and three different surfactants (sodium dodecylsulfate, Brij 35, and Tween 80) were considered. The optimal system was characterized with attenuated ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry to study how the microemulsion/gels interaction affects the gel properties, such as the equilibrium water content or free water index. Finally, loading and release profiles were studied by means of UV-Vis spectrophotometry. It was found that CMC hydrogel beads showed a slightly more efficient profile of micelles' release in water with respect to ALG beads. For this reason, and due to the enhanced contribution of Fe(III) to their biocidal properties, CMC-based hydrogels are the most promising in view of the application on real agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Baglioni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (I.C.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (G.F.); (C.R.)
- Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Clemente
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (I.C.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (G.F.); (C.R.)
- Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tamasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (I.C.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (G.F.); (C.R.)
- Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Flavia Bisozzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (I.C.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (G.F.); (C.R.)
- Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sara Costantini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (I.C.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (G.F.); (C.R.)
- Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Fattori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (I.C.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (G.F.); (C.R.)
- Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Mariangela Gentile
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Claudio Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (I.C.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (S.C.); (G.F.); (C.R.)
- Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Angelini P. Plant-Derived Antimicrobials and Their Crucial Role in Combating Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:746. [PMID: 39200046 PMCID: PMC11350763 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance emerged shortly after the discovery of the first antibiotic and has remained a critical public health issue ever since. Managing antibiotic resistance in clinical settings continues to be challenging, particularly with the rise of superbugs, or bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics, known as multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. This rapid development of resistance has compelled researchers to continuously seek new antimicrobial agents to curb resistance, despite a shrinking pipeline of new drugs. Recently, the focus of antimicrobial discovery has shifted to plants, fungi, lichens, endophytes, and various marine sources, such as seaweeds, corals, and other microorganisms, due to their promising properties. For this review, an extensive search was conducted across multiple scientific databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, ResearchGate, Scopus, and Google Scholar, encompassing publications from 1929 to 2024. This review provides a concise overview of the mechanisms employed by bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance, followed by an in-depth exploration of plant secondary metabolites as a potential solution to MDR pathogens. In recent years, the interest in plant-based medicines has surged, driven by their advantageous properties. However, additional research is essential to fully understand the mechanisms of action and verify the safety of antimicrobial phytochemicals. Future prospects for enhancing the use of plant secondary metabolites in combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy
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11
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Maeda B, Akiyoshi R, Tanaka D, Sato K, Murakami K. Synthesis of N-β-brominated alkenyl isothiocyanates via dehydrogenation of alkyl isothiocyanates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6015-6018. [PMID: 38771143 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01666a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a new dehydrogenative synthesis of alkenyl isothiocyanates, providing compounds with bromo and isothiocyanate groups. These reactive functionalities offer versatility for further transformations. Application in an amine sensor utilizing a coumarin-attached product demonstrates practical utility. This streamlined approach facilitates access to alkenyl isothiocyanates, valuable tools for biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumpei Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Ryohei Akiyoshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Kohei Sato
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Kei Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan.
- Japanese Science and Technology Agency (JST)-PRESTO, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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12
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Polozsányi Z, Galádová H, Kaliňák M, Jopčík M, Kaliňáková B, Breier A, Šimkovič M. The Antimicrobial Effects of Myrosinase Hydrolysis Products Derived from Glucosinolates Isolated from Lepidium draba. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:995. [PMID: 38611524 PMCID: PMC11013450 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Lepidium draba (hoary cress) is a perennial plant belonging to the Brassicaceae family that produces two dominant glucosinolates (GLSs): glucoraphanin (GRN) and sinalbin (SBN). They represent the stored form, which is converted upon the myrosinase (Myr) hydrolysis activity to active compounds, mainly isothiocyanates (ITCs) such as sulforaphane (SFN) or p-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate (pHBITC). Research on ITCs that have proven anticancer, antimicrobial, and chemoprotective properties is usually conducted with pure commercially available compounds. However, these are chemically reactive, making it difficult to use them directly for preventive purposes in dietary supplements. Efforts are currently being made to prepare dietary supplements enriched with GLS and/or Myr. In this study, we report a simple but efficient chromatographic procedure for the isolation and purification of GLSs from MeOH extract from hoary cress based on a combination of ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Sephadex LH-20. To obtain the Myr required for efficient hydrolysis of GLSs into antibacterial ITCs, we developed a rapid method for its extraction from the seeds of Lepidium sativum (garden cress). The yields of GLSs were 22.9 ± 1.2 mg GRN (purity 96%) and 10.4 ± 1.1 mg SBN (purity 92%) from 1 g of dry plant material. Both purified GLSs were used as substrates for the Myr. Analysis of the composition of hydrolysis products (HPs) revealed differences in their hydrolysis rates and in the degree of conversion from GLSs to individual ITCs catalyzed by Myr. When GRNs were cleaved, SFNs were formed in an equimolar ratio, but the formation of pHBITCs was only half that of cleaved SBNs. The decrease in pHBITC content is due to its instability compared to SFN. While SFN is stable in aqueous media during the measurement, pHBITC undergoes non-enzymatic hydrolysis to p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and thiocyanate ions. Testing of the antimicrobial effects of the HPs formed from GRN by Myr under premix or in situ conditions showed inhibition of the growth of model prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. This observation could serve as the jumping-off point for the design of a two-component mixture, based on purified GLSs and Myr that is, usable in food or the pharmaceutical industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Polozsányi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Galádová
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Kaliňák
- Central Laboratories, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Jopčík
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 969, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Kaliňáková
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Albert Breier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Šimkovič
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
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13
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Maeda B, Murakami K. Recent advancement in the synthesis of isothiocyanates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2839-2864. [PMID: 38380440 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06118c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates exhibit various biological characteristics, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Their significance extends to synthetic chemistry, where they serve as valuable platforms for versatile transformations. Consequently, they have attracted the attention of biologists and chemists. This review summarizes recent advancements in the synthesis of isothiocyanates. Access to a variety of starting materials is important to prepare isothiocyanates with diverse structures. This review categorizes synthetic methods into three types based on the starting materials and functional groups: (i) type A, derived from primary amines; (ii) type B, derived from other nitrogen functional groups; and (iii) type C, derived from non-nitrogen groups. Recent trends in synthetic methods have revealed the prevalence of type-A reactions derived from primary amines. However, type B reactions have rarely been reported. Notably, over the past four years, there has been a notable increase in type C reactions, indicating a growing interest in non-nitrogen-derived isothiocyanates. Overall, this review not only outlines the advancements in the synthesis of isothiocyanates but also highlights trends in the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumpei Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Kei Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan.
- Japanese Science and Technology Agency (JST)-PRESTO, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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14
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Wu M, Ma Y, Yin J, Wang J, Rao S, He J, Zhang R, Xiong Y. Selenium content, chemical composition and volatile components of essential oil and hydrosol from flowers of Cardamine violifolia. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301428. [PMID: 38116867 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardamine violifolia is a unique selenium hyperaccumulating vegetable in China, but its flowers are commonly wasted in large-scale cultivation. To better utilize this resource, this study explored the selenium content, chemical composition, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of hydro-distilling essential oil (EO) and hydrosol from C. violifolia flowers. ICP-MS results indicated that the EO and hydrosol contained selenium reaching 13.66±2.82 mg/kg and 0.0084±0.0013 mg/kg, respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed that organic acids, hydrocarbons, and amines were the main components of EO. Additionally, benzyl nitrile, benzaldehyde, benzyl isothiocyanate, benzyl alcohol, megastigmatrienone, and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol also existed in considerable amounts. The hydrosol extract had fewer components, mainly amines. HS-SPME-GC-MS corresponded to the composition analysis and aromatic compounds were the prevalent VOCs, while HS-GC-IMS primarily identified C2-C10 molecular alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, and sulfur-containing compounds. This study first described the chemical composition and VOC profiles of EO and hydrosol from selenium hyperaccumulating plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muci Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, Hubei Province, P.R. China
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Jinjing Yin
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Shen Rao
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Jingren He
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Yin Xiong
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei Province, P.R. China
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15
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Hussain I, Fatima S, Tabish M. Unravelling the molecular interactions of phenyl isothiocyanate and benzoyl isothiocyanate with human lysozyme: Biophysical and computational analyses. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123408. [PMID: 37717484 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Phenyl isothiocyanate and benzoyl isothiocyanate are the phytochemicals present in the Brassicaceae family. They have antibacterial, antiapoptotic and antifungal properties. Protein-small molecule interaction studies are done to assess the changes in structure, dynamics, and functions of protein and to decipher the binding mechanism. This study is based on the comparative binding of PT and BT with human lysozyme using in vitro and computational techniques. UV, fluorescence emission, and FRET spectra gave insight into the complex formation, quenching mechanism, and binding parameters. Both PT and BT quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of Lyz by a static quenching mechanism. Synchronous, 3D fluorescence and CD spectroscopy substantiated conformational and microenvironmental alterations in the Lyz. The metal ions and β-cyclodextrin had a pronounced effect on the binding strength of Lyz-PT and Lyz-BT complexes. Accessible surface area analysis was determined to characterise the amino acid residue packing. Molecular docking further validated the wet lab experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M.U, Aligarh, UP 202002, India
| | - Sana Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M.U, Aligarh, UP 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Tabish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M.U, Aligarh, UP 202002, India.
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16
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Garcia-Ibañez P, Silvan JM, Moreno DA, Carvajal M, Martinez-Rodriguez AJ. Influence of Source Materials, Concentration, Gastric Digestion, and Encapsulation on the Bioactive Response of Brassicaceae-Derived Samples against Helicobacter pylori. Microorganisms 2023; 12:77. [PMID: 38257906 PMCID: PMC10820487 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates may have antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori, but there are different variables related to Brassicaceae-derived samples that could affect their efficacy. This work studied the influence of source variety, concentration, gastric digestion, and encapsulation of samples on their bioactive response against Helicobacter pylori. The antibacterial activity of raw sprouts (red cabbage and red radish) showed the highest antibacterial effect, which was consistent with a higher amount of isothiocyanates. It decreased with gastric digestion, regardless of sample encapsulation. By contrast, adult red radish leaves became antibacterial after gastric digestion. Antioxidant activity on H. pylori-infected gastric cells was similar in all samples and followed an equivalent pattern with the changes in isothiocyanates. Raw samples decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species production, but they lost this capacity after gastric digestion, regardless whether the compounds were free or encapsulated. Red cabbage sprouts, red radish sprouts, and red radish roots produced a decrease in nitric oxide production. It was consistent with a modulation of the inflammatory response and was associated to isothiocyanates concentration. Encapsulated sprout samples retained part of their anti-inflammatory activity after gastric digestion. Adult raw red radish leaves were not active, but after digestion, they became anti-inflammatory. The results obtained in this study have shown that several variables could have a significant impact on the bioactive properties of Brassicaceae-derived samples against H. pylori, providing a starting point for the design and standardization of samples with specific bioactivities (antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory) potentially useful for the treatment of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Garcia-Ibañez
- Grupo de Aquaporinas, Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.G.-I.); (M.C.)
| | - Jose Manuel Silvan
- Grupo de Microbiología y Biocatálisis de Alimentos (MICROBIO), Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Autonoma de Madrid), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego A. Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Grupo de Aquaporinas, Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.G.-I.); (M.C.)
| | - Adolfo J. Martinez-Rodriguez
- Grupo de Microbiología y Biocatálisis de Alimentos (MICROBIO), Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Autonoma de Madrid), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Levent G, Božić A, Petrujkić BT, Callaway TR, Poole TL, Crippen TL, Harvey RB, Ochoa-García P, Corral-Luna A, Yeater KM, Anderson RC. Assessment of Potential Anti-Methanogenic and Antimicrobial Activity of Ethyl Nitroacetate, α-Lipoic Acid, Taurine and L-Cysteinesulfinic Acid In Vitro. Microorganisms 2023; 12:34. [PMID: 38257860 PMCID: PMC10819541 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Livestock producers need new technologies to maintain the optimal health and well-being of their animals while minimizing the risks of propagating and disseminating pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to humans or other animals. Where possible, these interventions should contribute to the efficiency and profitability of animal production to avoid passing costs on to consumers. In this study, we examined the potential of nitroethane, 3-nitro-1-propionate, ethyl nitroacetate, taurine and L-cysteinesulfinic acid to modulate rumen methane production, a digestive inefficiency that results in the loss of up to 12% of the host's dietary energy intake and a major contributor of methane as a greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. The potential for these compounds to inhibit the foodborne pathogens, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, was also tested. The results from the present study revealed that anaerobically grown O157:H7 and DT104 treated with the methanogenic inhibitor, ethyl nitroacetate, at concentrations of 3 and 9 mM had decreased (p < 0.05) mean specific growth rates of O157:H7 (by 22 to 36%) and of DT104 (by 16 to 26%) when compared to controls (0.823 and 0.886 h-1, respectively). The growth rates of O157:H7 and DT104 were decreased (p < 0.05) from controls by 31 to 73% and by 41 to 78% by α-lipoic acid, which we also found to inhibit in vitro rumen methanogenesis up to 66% (p < 0.05). Ethyl nitroacetate was mainly bacteriostatic, whereas 9 mM α-lipoic acid decreased (p < 0.05) maximal optical densities (measured at 600 nm) of O157:H7 and DT104 by 25 and 42% compared to controls (0.448 and 0.451, respectively). In the present study, the other oxidized nitro and organosulfur compounds were neither antimicrobial nor anti-methanogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Levent
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Aleksandar Božić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Branko T. Petrujkić
- Department of Nutrition and Botany, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 110000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Todd R. Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30609, USA;
| | - Toni L. Poole
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.B.H.)
| | - Tawni L. Crippen
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.B.H.)
| | - Roger B. Harvey
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.B.H.)
| | - Pedro Ochoa-García
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico; (P.O.-G.); (A.C.-L.)
| | - Agustin Corral-Luna
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico; (P.O.-G.); (A.C.-L.)
| | - Kathleen M. Yeater
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Office of the Area Director, 104 Ambrose Hill, Williamsburg, VA 20250, USA
| | - Robin C. Anderson
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.B.H.)
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18
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Zhou Y, Zhang B, Wang Y, Hu R. Effects of Sulforaphene on the Cariogenic Properties of Streptococcus Mutans In Vitro and Dental Caries Development In Vivo. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1359. [PMID: 37760656 PMCID: PMC10525627 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphene (SFE) is a common nutritional supplement with antibacterial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effects of SFE on the cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans and dental caries have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to investigate the caries-controlling potential of SFE. The effects of SFE on S. mutans were investigated using the broth microdilution method, crystal violet staining, SEM observation, acid tolerance assays, lactic acid quantification, and polysaccharide measurements. A rat caries model was established to evaluate the caries-controlling effects and biocompatibility of SFE in vivo. SFE inhibited S. mutans growth and biofilm formation. Furthermore, SFE restrained the cariogenic properties of S. mutans, including its acid production, acid tolerance, and extracellular polysaccharide production, without affecting the bacterial viability at sub-inhibitory levels. In the rat caries model, SFE significantly arrested the onset and development of dental caries. Moreover, no visible hemolytic phenomenon or cytotoxicity was detected in the SFE groups. After four weeks of SFE treatment, all rats remained in apparent good health with no significant differences in weight gain; their hemogram and biochemical parameters were normal; no pathological changes were observed in the oral mucosa, liver, or kidneys. In conclusion, SFE was safe and inhibited the development of caries effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Zhou
- The College of Renji, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Binhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- The College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rongdang Hu
- The College of Renji, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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19
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Ashraf MV, Pant S, Khan MAH, Shah AA, Siddiqui S, Jeridi M, Alhamdi HWS, Ahmad S. Phytochemicals as Antimicrobials: Prospecting Himalayan Medicinal Plants as Source of Alternate Medicine to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:881. [PMID: 37375828 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Among all available antimicrobials, antibiotics hold a prime position in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has posed a serious threat to the effectiveness of antibiotics, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and escalation in healthcare costs causing a global health crisis. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in global healthcare setups have accelerated the development and spread of AMR, leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which further limits treatment options. This creates a critical need to explore alternative approaches to combat bacterial infections. Phytochemicals have gained attention as a potential source of alternative medicine to address the challenge of AMR. Phytochemicals are structurally and functionally diverse and have multitarget antimicrobial effects, disrupting essential cellular activities. Given the promising results of plant-based antimicrobials, coupled with the slow discovery of novel antibiotics, it has become highly imperative to explore the vast repository of phytocompounds to overcome the looming catastrophe of AMR. This review summarizes the emergence of AMR towards existing antibiotics and potent phytochemicals having antimicrobial activities, along with a comprehensive overview of 123 Himalayan medicinal plants reported to possess antimicrobial phytocompounds, thus compiling the existing information that will help researchers in the exploration of phytochemicals to combat AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Vikas Ashraf
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185 234, India
| | - Shreekar Pant
- Centre for Biodiversity Studies, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185 234, India
| | - M A Hannan Khan
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185 234, India
| | - Ali Asghar Shah
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185 234, India
| | - Sazada Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mouna Jeridi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shoeb Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185 234, India
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Bowen-Forbes C, Armstrong E, Moses A, Fahlman R, Koosha H, Yager JY. Broccoli, Kale, and Radish Sprouts: Key Phytochemical Constituents and DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114266. [PMID: 37298743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Our research group previously found that broccoli sprouts possess neuroprotective effects during pregnancy. The active compound has been identified as sulforaphane (SFA), obtained from glucosinolate and glucoraphanin, which are also present in other crucifers, including kale. Sulforaphene (SFE), obtained from glucoraphenin in radish, also has numerous biological benefits, some of which supersede those of sulforaphane. It is likely that other components, such as phenolics, contribute to the biological activity of cruciferous vegetables. Notwithstanding their beneficial phytochemicals, crucifers are known to contain erucic acid, an antinutritional fatty acid. The aim of this research was to phytochemically examine broccoli, kale, and radish sprouts to determine good sources of SFA and SFE to inform future studies of the neuroprotective activity of cruciferous sprouts on the fetal brain, as well as product development. Three broccoli: Johnny's Sprouting Broccoli (JSB), Gypsy F1 (GYP), and Mumm's Sprouting Broccoli (MUM), one kale: Johnny's Toscano Kale (JTK), and three radish cultivars: Black Spanish Round (BSR), Miyashige (MIY), and Nero Tunda (NT), were analyzed. We first quantified the glucosinolate, isothiocyanate, phenolics, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (AOC) of one-day-old dark- and light-grown sprouts by HPLC. Radish cultivars generally had the highest glucosinolate and isothiocyanate contents, and kale had higher glucoraphanin and significantly higher sulforaphane content than the broccoli cultivars. Lighting conditions did not significantly affect the phytochemistry of the one-day-old sprouts. Based on phytochemistry and economic factors, JSB, JTK, and BSR were chosen for further sprouting for three, five, and seven days and subsequently analyzed. The three-day-old JTK and radish cultivars were identified to be the best sources of SFA and SFE, respectively, both yielding the highest levels of the respective compound while retaining high levels of phenolics and AOC and markedly lower erucic acid levels compared to one-day-old sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Audric Moses
- Lipidomics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Richard Fahlman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Helia Koosha
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jerome Y Yager
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
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21
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Aihara Y, Maeda B, Goto K, Takahashi K, Nomoto M, Toh S, Ye W, Toda Y, Uchida M, Asai E, Tada Y, Itami K, Sato A, Murakami K, Kinoshita T. Identification and improvement of isothiocyanate-based inhibitors on stomatal opening to act as drought tolerance-conferring agrochemicals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2665. [PMID: 37188667 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomatal pores in the plant epidermis open and close to regulate gas exchange between leaves and the atmosphere. Upon light stimulation, the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase is phosphorylated and activated via an intracellular signal transduction pathway in stomatal guard cells, providing a primary driving force for the opening movement. To uncover and manipulate this stomatal opening pathway, we screened a chemical library and identified benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a Brassicales-specific metabolite, as a potent stomatal-opening inhibitor that suppresses PM H+-ATPase phosphorylation. We further developed BITC derivatives with multiple isothiocyanate groups (multi-ITCs), which demonstrate inhibitory activity on stomatal opening up to 66 times stronger, as well as a longer duration of the effect and negligible toxicity. The multi-ITC treatment inhibits plant leaf wilting in both short (1.5 h) and long-term (24 h) periods. Our research elucidates the biological function of BITC and its use as an agrochemical that confers drought tolerance on plants by suppressing stomatal opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Aihara
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- JST PRESTO, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Bumpei Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kanna Goto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mika Nomoto
- JST PRESTO, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigeo Toh
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Department of Environmental Bioscience, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wenxiu Ye
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, 261325, Weifang, China
| | - Yosuke Toda
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Phytometrics Co., Ltd., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 435-0036, Japan
| | - Mami Uchida
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Eri Asai
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ayato Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kei Murakami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
- JST PRESTO, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan.
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
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22
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Xu Q, Long S, Liu X, Duan A, Du M, Lu Q, Leng L, Leu SY, Wang D. Insights into the Occurrence, Fate, Impacts, and Control of Food Additives in Food Waste Anaerobic Digestion: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6761-6775. [PMID: 37070716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of biomass energy from food waste through anaerobic digestion as an alternative to fossil energy is of great significance for the development of environmental sustainability and the circular economy. However, a substantial number of food additives (e.g., salt, allicin, capsaicin, allyl isothiocyanate, monosodium glutamate, and nonnutritive sweeteners) are present in food waste, and their interactions with anaerobic digestion might affect energy recovery, which is typically overlooked. This work describes the current understanding of the occurrence and fate of food additives in anaerobic digestion of food waste. The biotransformation pathways of food additives during anaerobic digestion are well discussed. In addition, important discoveries in the effects and underlying mechanisms of food additives on anaerobic digestion are reviewed. The results showed that most of the food additives had negative effects on anaerobic digestion by deactivating functional enzymes, thus inhibiting methane production. By reviewing the response of microbial communities to food additives, we can further improve our understanding of the impact of food additives on anaerobic digestion. Intriguingly, the possibility that food additives may promote the spread of antibiotic resistance genes, and thus threaten ecology and public health, is highlighted. Furthermore, strategies for mitigating the effects of food additives on anaerobic digestion are outlined in terms of optimal operation conditions, effectiveness, and reaction mechanisms, among which chemical methods have been widely used and are effective in promoting the degradation of food additives and increasing methane production. This review aims to advance our understanding of the fate and impact of food additives in anaerobic digestion and to spark novel research ideas for optimizing anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Sha Long
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xuran Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Abing Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Mingting Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qi Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ling Leng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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23
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Abdel-Massih RM, Debs E, Othman L, Attieh J, Cabrerizo FM. Glucosinolates, a natural chemical arsenal: More to tell than the myrosinase story. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1130208. [PMID: 37089539 PMCID: PMC10114928 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1130208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates are a group of thioglucosides that belong to the class of plant nitrogen-containing natural products. So far, very little biological activity has been associated with intact glucosinolates. The hydrolysis of glucosinolates has, for long, attracted attention because of the potent biological activity of the hydrolysis products. From allelopathic to antiparasitic, antimicrobial and antineoplastic effects, the activity spectrum of the degradation products of typical glucosinolates has been the subject of much research. The present review seeks to address the various means of glucosinolate degradation (thermal, enzymatic, or chemical degradation) and the ensuing products. It also aims to draw a comparative profile of the various antimicrobial effects of these degradation products to provide a further understanding of the biological function of these important compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Espérance Debs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Leen Othman
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Jihad Attieh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Franco M. Cabrerizo
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, National Scientific and Technical Research Council – National University of General San Martín, Chascomús, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, National University of General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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24
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Salami SA, Smith VJ, Krause RWM. Aqueous microwave assisted novel synthesis of isothiocyanates by amine catalyzed thionation of isocyanides with Lawesson's reagent. J Sulphur Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2022.2164196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Rui W. M. Krause
- Department of Chemistry Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
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25
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In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of Sulforaphane Anti- Candida Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121842. [PMID: 36551499 PMCID: PMC9774275 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal candidiasis/candidosis is a common and recurrent opportunistic fungal infection. Fluconazole (FLZ), one of the most used and effective antifungal agents, has been associated with a rise of resistant Candida species in immunocompromised patients undergoing prophylactic therapy. Sulforaphane (SFN), a compound from cruciferous vegetables, is an antimicrobial with yet controversial activities and mechanisms on fungi. Herein, the in silico and antifungal activities of SFN against C. albicans were investigated. In silico analyzes for the prediction of the biological activities and oral bioavailability of SFN, its possible toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters, as well as the estimates of its gastrointestinal absorption, permeability to the blood-brain barrier and skin, and similarities to drugs, were performed by using different software. SFN in vitro anti-Candida activities alone and in combination with fluconazole (FLZ) were determined by the broth microdilution method and the checkerboard, biofilm and hyphae formation tests. Amongst the identified probable biological activities of SFN, nine indicated an antimicrobial potential. SFN was predicted to be highly absorbable by the gastrointestinal tract, to present good oral availability, and not to be irritant and/or hepatotoxic. SFN presented antifungal activity against C. albicans and prevented both biofilm and hyphae formation by this microorganism. SFN was additive/synergistic to FLZ. Overall, the data highlights the anti-Candida activity of SFN and its potential to be used as an adjuvant therapy to FLZ in clinical settings.
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26
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Kopel J, McDonald J, Hamood A. An Assessment of the In Vitro Models and Clinical Trials Related to the Antimicrobial Activities of Phytochemicals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121838. [PMID: 36551494 PMCID: PMC9774156 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased number antibiotic-resistant bacteria have emerged with the rise in antibiotic use worldwide. As such, there has been a growing interest in investigating novel antibiotics against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Due to the extensive history of using plants for medicinal purposes, scientists and medical professionals have turned to plants as potential alternatives to common antibiotic treatments. Unlike other antibiotics in use, plant-based antibiotics have the innate ability to eliminate a broad spectrum of microorganisms through phytochemical defenses, including compounds such as alkaloids, organosulfur compounds, phenols, coumarins, and terpenes. In recent years, these antimicrobial compounds have been refined through extraction methods and tested against antibiotic-resistant strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The results of the experiments demonstrated that plant extracts successfully inhibited bacteria independently or in combination with other antimicrobial products. In this review, we examine the use of plant-based antibiotics for their utilization against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. In addition, we examine recent clinical trials utilizing phytochemicals for the treatment of several microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Kopel
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | | | - Abdul Hamood
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Correspondence:
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27
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Hasan AM, Ghafil JA. Study on the anti-microbial effect of Sinigrin against some pathogenic bacterial species. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.04.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing anti-bacterial drug resistance is one of the biggest challenges facing doctors around the globe, so finding alternative treatments is one of the ideal options to overcome this problem. The cruciferous family is one of the wealthiest plants worldwide because it contains the most important secondary metabolites, glucosinolates, known for their anti-microbial properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-bacterial effect of glucosinolates (Sinigrin) against eight bacterial isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces, Proteus mirabilis and Streptococcus pneumoniae). The current study investigated six concentrations of pure Sinigrin (100, 300, 500, 700, 900, and 1100 µg/ml). The sensitivity of bacterial isolates to various antibiotics was tested by VITIK 2DensiCheck equipment. The anti-bacterial activity of Sinigrin was assessed using the agar diffusion method, and the microtiter plate method measured the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The highest anti-bacterial effect of Sinigrin was observed against S. aureus, E. coli, and E. faecalis. The anti-bacterial activity started as lower as 100 µg/ml, while a moderate effect was seen against P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae at a concentration lower than 700 µg/ml. On the other hand, Sinigrin was not effective against Actinomyces, P. mirabilis, and S. pneumoniae. It can be concluded from the present study that Sinigrin has an anti-bacterial effect on some isolates of bacteria which suggests the possibility of using Sinigrin as alternative medicine in the future.
Keywords: Anti-bacterial activity, Agar well diffusion, Glucosinolates, Minimum inhibition concentration and antibiotic susceptibility, Sinigrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M. Hasan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Jenan A. Ghafil
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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28
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Hareyama Y, Tarao M, Toyota K, Furukawa T, Fujii Y, Kushiro M. Effects of Four Isothiocyanates in Dissolved and Gaseous States on the Growth and Aflatoxin Production of Aspergillus flavus In Vitro. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110756. [PMID: 36356006 PMCID: PMC9697429 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs), a class of toxins produced by certain species of the genus Aspergillus, occasionally contaminate food and cause serious damage to human health and the economy. AFs contamination is a global problem, and there is a need to develop effective strategies to control aflatoxigenic fungi. In this study, we focused on isothiocyanates (ITCs) as potential chemical agents for the control of aflatoxigenic fungi. We quantitatively evaluated the effects of four ITCs (allyl ITC (AITC), benzyl ITC (BITC), and methyl and phenylethyl ITCs) in dissolved and gaseous states on the growth and aflatoxin B1 production of Aspergillus flavus. In experiments using dissolved ITCs, BITC was found to be the strongest inhibitor of growth and aflatoxin B1 production by A. flavus. Meanwhile, in the gaseous state, AITC strongly inhibited the A. flavus growth. When the concentration of ITCs in the liquid medium was quantified over time, AITC levels decreased to below the detection limit within 24 h, whereas BITC levels remained stable even after 48 h. These results suggested that when ITCs are utilized to control aflatoxigenic fungi, it is necessary to use them in a dissolved or gaseous state, depending on their volatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hareyama
- Department of Food Energy System Science, Graduate School of Bio-Application and System Engineering Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Tarao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8506, Japan
| | - Koki Toyota
- Department of Food Energy System Science, Graduate School of Bio-Application and System Engineering Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Furukawa
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Fujii
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8506, Japan
| | - Masayo Kushiro
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-838-8037
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29
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Procopio FR, Ferraz MC, do Prado-Silva L, Paulino BN, Sant’Ana AS, Pastore GM, do Amaral Sobral PJ, Hubinger MD. Antifungal Synergistic Effect of Paprika and Cinnamon Oleoresins and Their Coencapsulation by Spray Chilling Technique to Produce a Carotenoid-Cinnamaldehyde-Rich Food Powder. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Effect of Phytobiotic Composition on Production Parameters, Oxidative Stress Markers and Myokine Levels in Blood and Pectoral Muscle of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192625. [PMID: 36230365 PMCID: PMC9559402 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intensive rearing of broiler chickens is accompanied with pathological processes occurring in muscle tissue that decrease meat quality. The application of common spices as feed additives for chickens may improve the birds’ health and prevent the development of myopathies. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the effect of the dietary level of a phytobiotic composition on the production parameters, oxidative stress markers and myokine levels in the blood and pectoral muscle of broiler chickens. The composition consisted of red pepper fruit, white mustard seed, soapwort root, calamus rhizome, and thymol, and it was tested at two levels, i.e., 60 and 100 mg/kg diet. The results showed that dietary supplementation with phytobiotic composition at the level of 100 mg/kg diet improved feed efficiency in broiler chickens and might improve the quality and economy of broiler meat production. The plant constituents exerted their beneficial effects on meat via decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α concentration in pectoral muscle and increasing interleukin-6 content in the blood of chickens. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary level of a phytobiotic composition (PBC) on production parameters, oxidative stress markers and cytokine levels in the blood and breast muscle of broiler chickens. The experiment was performed on 48 one-day-old female Ross 308 broiler chickens divided into three groups (n = 16) fed the control diet (without PBC), and a diet supplemented with 60 or 100 mg/kg of PBC. After 35 days of feeding, blood and breast muscle samples were collected for analyses. There was no effect on final body weight and feed intake but PBC addition (100 mg/kg) improved feed efficiency as compared to the control. Also, this dietary level of PBC contributed to an increase in interlukin-6 content in blood and a reduction in tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations in pectoral muscle in comparison with the control group. In conclusion, the addition of 100 mg/kg PBC improved the production parameters of broiler chickens and beneficially influenced the regeneration and protection of pectoral muscle against pathophysiological processes that may occur during intensive rearing.
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31
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Marcinkowska MA, Jeleń HH. Role of Sulfur Compounds in Vegetable and Mushroom Aroma. Molecules 2022; 27:6116. [PMID: 36144849 PMCID: PMC9502545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
At the base of the food pyramid is vegetables, which should be consumed most often of all food products, especially in raw and unprocessed form. Vegetables and mushrooms are rich sources of bioactive compounds that can fulfill various functions in plants, starting from protection against herbivores and being natural insecticides to pro-health functions in human nutrition. Many of these compounds contain sulfur in their structure. From the point of view of food producers, it is extremely important to know that some of them have flavor properties. Volatile sulfur compounds are often potent odorants, and in many vegetables, belonging mainly to Brassicaeae and Allium (Amaryllidaceae), sulfur compounds determine their specific flavor. Interestingly, some of the pathways that form volatile sulfur compounds in vegetables are also found in selected edible mushrooms. The most important odor-active organosulfur compounds can be divided into isothiocyanates, nitriles, epithionitriles, thiols, sulfides, and polysulfides, as well as others, such as sulfur containing carbonyl compounds and esters, R-L-cysteine sulfoxides, and finally heterocyclic sulfur compounds found in shiitake mushrooms or truffles. This review paper summarizes their precursors and biosynthesis, as well as their sensory properties and changes in selected technological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henryk H. Jeleń
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
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32
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Youseif SH, Abdel-Fatah HMK, Khalil MS. A new source of bacterial myrosinase isolated from endophytic Bacillus sp. NGB-B10, and its relevance in biological control activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:215. [PMID: 36056962 PMCID: PMC9440883 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Plant metabolism interacts strongly with the plant microbiome. Glucosinolates, secondary metabolites synthesized by Brassica plants, are hydrolyzed by myrosinase into bioactive compounds of great importance in human health and plant protection. Compared with myrosinase from plant sources, myrosinase enzymes of microbial origin have not been extensively investigated. Therefore, seven endophytic strains corresponding to Bacillus sp. were isolated from Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa plants that could hydrolyse glucosinolates (sinigrin) in the culture medium and showed myrosinase activity (0.08–19.92 U mL−1). The bglA myrosinase-related gene encoding the 6-phospho-β-glucosidase (GH 1) from Bacillus sp. NGB-B10, the most active myrosinase-producing bacterium, was successfully identified. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to statistically optimize culture conditions for myrosinase production from Bacillus sp. strain NGB-B10. The Plackett–Burman design indicated that nitrogen concentration, incubation period, and agitation speed were the significant parameters in myrosinase production. The application of the Box–Behnken design of RSM resulted in a 10.03-fold increase in enzyme activity as compared to the non-optimized culture conditions. The myrosinase was partially purified by 40% fractionation followed by SDS-PAGE analysis which yielded two subunits that had a molecular weight of 38.6 and 35.0 KDa. The purified enzyme was stable under a broad range of pH (5.5–10) and temperatures (10–65 °C). The hydrolysis products released by bacterial myrosinase from some glucosinolate extracts had higher and/or equivalent in vitro antagonistic activity against several phytopathogenic fungi compared to the nystatin (a broad-spectrum antifungal agent). This study provides original information about a new source of bacterial myrosinase and affords an optimized method to enhance myrosinase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh H Youseif
- Department of Microbial Genetic Resources, National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, 12619, Egypt. .,Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th October, Giza, 12451, Egypt.
| | - Hanan M K Abdel-Fatah
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mary S Khalil
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Tabesh M, Sh ME, Etemadi M, Naddaf F, Heidari F, Alizargar J. The antibacterial activity of nasturtium officinale extract on common oral pathogenic bacteria. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:1466-1475. [PMID: 36149206 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1887_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The oral cavity is colonized by a myriad of microorganisms, some of which are proven to be detrimental to human health. There have been numerous efforts to control the population of pathogenic agents in the oral cavity, including the usage of natural phytochemicals obtained from medicinal plants. Nasturtium officinale has long been used in traditional medicine for the management of hypertension, respiratory infections, and hyperglycemia, and its effectiveness against some microbes has been reported. Aims To evaluate antimicrobial properties of a hydro-alcoholic extract of N. officinale against common oral pathogens namely Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Experimental laboratory study. Different dilutions of N. officinale hydro-alcoholic extract were the test solutions, the positive control was a bacterial suspension in sterile phosphate-buffered saline, whereas the negative control was the herbal extract only, without any bacterial inoculation. Hydro-alcoholic extract of N. officinale prepared in five different concentrations (105, 52.5, 26.25, 13.12, 6.56 mg.mL-1) was tested separately against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus in a test of microdilution assay. Spectrophotometry was used to assess bacterial growth after 24 and 48 h. Materials and Methods The data of optical absorbance reads from spectrophotometry were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis followed by Least Significant Differences (LSD) post hoc. Results The highest growth inhibitory effect against S. mutans, E. faecalis, and S. aureus was observed at a concentration of 13.12 mg.mL-1; for L. acidophilus and P. aeruginosa, the most significant inhibition was observed at a concentration of 105 mg.mL-1. Conclusion N. officinale extract effectively inhibited the growth of the tested oral bacteria at different concentrations but was more effective against S. mutans, E. faecalis, and S. aureus and so may be effective in managing some oral microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tabesh
- Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Etemadi Sh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Etemadi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F Naddaf
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F Heidari
- Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - J Alizargar
- Research Center for Healthcare Industry Innovation, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City; School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Isothiocyanates (ITCs) 1-(Isothiocyanatomethyl)-4-phenylbenzene and 1-Isothiocyanato-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene—Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Inhibitors, Decreases Cisplatin Tolerance and Migratory Ability of NSCLC. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158644. [PMID: 35955773 PMCID: PMC9369118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main treatment modalities for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, the acquisition of cisplatin resistance remains a major problem. Existing chemotherapy regimens are often ineffective against cancer cells expressing aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). As such, there is an urgent need for therapies targeting ALDH-positive cancer cells. The present study compares the anticancer properties of 36 structurally diverse isothiocyanates (ITCs) against NSCLC cells with the ALDH inhibitor disulfiram (DSF). Their potential affinity to ALDH isoforms and ABC proteins was assessed using AutoDockTools, allowing for selection of three compounds presenting the strongest affinity to all tested proteins. The selected ITCs had no impact on NSCLC cell viability (at tested concentrations), but significantly decreased the cisplatin tolerance of cisplatin-resistant variant of A549 (A549CisR) and advanced (stage 4) NSCLC cell line H1581. Furthermore, long-term supplementation with ITC 1-(isothiocyanatomethyl)-4-phenylbenzene reverses the EMT phenotype and migratory potential of A549CisR to the level presented by parental A549 cells, increasing E-Cadherin expression, followed by decreased expression of ABCC1 and ALDH3A1. Our data indicates that the ALDH inhibitors DSF and ITCs are potential adjuvants of cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Richa K, Temsurenla, Supong A, Ajungla T, Sinha UB. Mechanistic Insight into the Antibacterial Activity of Isothiocyanates via Cell Membrane Permeability Alteration. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Black Soldier Fly Larvae Influence Internal and Substrate Bacterial Community Composition Depending on Substrate Type and Larval Density. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0008422. [PMID: 35532232 PMCID: PMC9128521 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00084-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Saprophagous fly larvae interact with a rich community of bacteria in decomposing organic matter. Larvae of some species, such as the black soldier fly, can process a wide range of organic residual streams into edible insect biomass and thus produce protein as a sustainable component of livestock feed. The microbiological safety of the insects and substrates remains a point of concern. Substrate-associated bacteria can dominate the larval gut microbiota, but the larvae can also alter the bacterial community in the substrate. However, the relative importance of substrate type and larval density in bacterial community dynamics is unknown. We investigated four larval densities (0 [control], 50, 100, or 200 larvae per container [520 mL; diameter, 75 mm]) and three feed substrates (chicken feed, chicken manure, and camelina substrate [50% chicken feed, 50% camelina oilseed press cake]) and sampled the bacterial communities of the substrates and larvae at three time points over 15 days. Although feed substrate was the strongest driver of microbiota composition over time, larval density significantly altered the relative abundances of several common bacterial genera, including potential pathogens, in each substrate and in larvae fed chicken feed. Bacterial communities of the larvae and substrate differed to a higher degree in chicken manure and camelina than in chicken feed. This supports the substrate-dependent impact of black soldier fly larvae on bacteria both within the larvae and in the substrate. This study indicates that substrate composition and larval density can alter bacterial community composition and might be used to improve insect microbiological safety. IMPORTANCE Black soldier fly larvae can process organic side streams into nutritious insect biomass, yielding a sustainable ingredient of animal feed. In processing such organic residues, the larvae impact the substrate and its microbiota. However, their role relative to the feed substrate in shaping the bacterial community is unknown. This may be important for the waste management industry to determine whether pathogens can be controlled by manipulating the larval density and the timing of harvest. We investigated how the type of feed substrate and the larval density (number of larvae per container) interacted to influence bacterial community composition in the substrates and larvae over time. Substrate type was the strongest driver of bacterial community composition, and the magnitude of the impact of the larvae depended on the substrate type and larval density. Thus, both substrate composition and larval density may be used to improve the microbiological safety of the larvae as animal feed.
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Zhao A, Jeffery EH, Miller MJ. Is Bitterness Only a Taste? The Expanding Area of Health Benefits of Brassica Vegetables and Potential for Bitter Taste Receptors to Support Health Benefits. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071434. [PMID: 35406047 PMCID: PMC9002472 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The list of known health benefits from inclusion of brassica vegetables in the diet is long and growing. Once limited to cancer prevention, a role for brassica in prevention of oxidative stress and anti-inflammation has aided in our understanding that brassica provide far broader benefits. These include prevention and treatment of chronic diseases of aging such as diabetes, neurological deterioration, and heart disease. Although animal and cell culture studies are consistent, clinical studies often show too great a variation to confirm these benefits in humans. In this review, we discuss causes of variation in clinical studies, focusing on the impact of the wide variation across humans in commensal bacterial composition, which potentially result in variations in microbial metabolism of glucosinolates. In addition, as research into host-microbiome interactions develops, a role for bitter-tasting receptors, termed T2Rs, in the gastrointestinal tract and their role in entero-endocrine hormone regulation is developing. Here, we summarize the growing literature on mechanisms of health benefits by brassica-derived isothiocyanates and the potential for extra-oral T2Rs as a novel mechanism that may in part describe the variability in response to brassica among free-living humans, not seen in research animal and cell culture studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhao
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Elizabeth H. Jeffery
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Michael J. Miller
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Kyriakou S, Trafalis DT, Deligiorgi MV, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Assessment of Methodological Pipelines for the Determination of Isothiocyanates Derived from Natural Sources. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040642. [PMID: 35453327 PMCID: PMC9029005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates are biologically active secondary metabolites liberated via enzymatic hydrolysis of their sulfur enriched precursors, glucosinolates, upon tissue plant disruption. The importance of this class of compounds lies in their capacity to induce anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and other bioactive properties. As such, their isolation from natural sources is of utmost importance. In this review article, an extensive examination of the various parameters (hydrolysis, extraction, and quantification) affecting the isolation of isothiocyanates from naturally-derived sources is presented. Overall, the effective isolation/extraction and quantification of isothiocyanate is strongly associated with their chemical and physicochemical properties, such as polarity-solubility as well as thermal and acidic stability. Furthermore, the successful activation of myrosinase appears to be a major factor affecting the conversion of glucosinolates into active isothiocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Kyriakou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
| | - Dimitrios T. Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.T.T.); (M.V.D.)
| | - Maria V. Deligiorgi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.T.T.); (M.V.D.)
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-22392626
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Janczewski Ł. Sulforaphane and Its Bifunctional Analogs: Synthesis and Biological Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:1750. [PMID: 35268851 PMCID: PMC8911885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, various plants have been studied as sources of biologically active compounds. Compounds with anticancer and antimicrobial properties are the most frequently desired. Cruciferous plants, including Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and wasabi, have a special role in the research studies. Studies have shown that consumption of these plants reduce the risk of lung, breast, and prostate cancers. The high chemopreventive and anticancer potential of cruciferous plants results from the presence of a large amount of glucosinolates, which, under the influence of myrosinase, undergo an enzymatic transformation to biologically active isothiocyanates (ITCs). Natural isothiocyanates, such as benzyl isothiocyanate, phenethyl isothiocyanate, or the best-tested sulforaphane, possess anticancer activity at all stages of the carcinogenesis process, show antibacterial activity, and are used in organic synthesis. Methods of synthesis of sulforaphane, as well as its natural or synthetic bifunctional analogues with sulfinyl, sulfanyl, sulfonyl, phosphonate, phosphinate, phosphine oxide, carbonyl, ester, carboxamide, ether, or additional isothiocyanate functional groups, and with the unbranched alkyl chain containing 2-6 carbon atoms, are discussed in this review. The biological activity of these compounds are also reported. In the first section, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and mercapturic acids (their metabolites) are briefly characterized. Additionally, the most studied anticancer and antibacterial mechanisms of ITC actions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Janczewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Qin Y, Yang J, Wu Y, Wang D, Liu X, Du M, He D, Yi N. The degradation of allyl isothiocyanate and its impact on methane production from anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste and waste activated sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126366. [PMID: 34838636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Producing methane from anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste and waste activated sludge has been widely implemented in real-world situations. However, the fate and impact of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a main active component in cruciferous vegetables, in the anaerobic co-digestion has never been documented. This study therefore aims to provide such supports. Experimental results exhibited that AITC was degraded completely by microorganisms and served as a substrate to produce methane. As AITC increased from 0 to 60 mg/L, the maximum methane production decreased from 285.1 to 35.8 mL/g VS, and the optimum digestion time was also prolonged. The mechanism study demonstrated that AITC induced cell apoptosis by modifying the physicochemical properties of cell membrane, which resulted in inhibitions to the procedure of anaerobic co-digestion. The high-throughput sequencing showed that AITC enriched the microorganism for degradation of complex organic compounds such as Bacillus, but lessened anaerobes involved in hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jingnan Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yanxin Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Xuran Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingting Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Dandan He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Neng Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
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Bacitracin and isothiocyanate functionalized silver nanoparticles for synergistic and broad spectrum antibacterial and antibiofilm activity with selective toxicity to bacteria over mammalian cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2022; 133:112649. [PMID: 35034824 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2022.112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles functionalized with bacitracin (BA), a cyclic peptide and isothiocyanate (ITC), a natural plant product, was fabricated. The particle size of AgNP-BA&ITC was optimized using full factorial design. The optimized particles were of 10-15 nm in size as seen under TEM and showed chemical signature of both bacitracin as well as isothiocynate in FTIR spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of these particles. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) showed 21 mg/g silver content in AgNP-BA &ITC. These nanoparticles exhibited MIC in the range of 12.5-25 μg/mL and > 3 log10 reduction in cell viability for both Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria. They clearly demonstrated biofilm inhibition (BIC90 = 150-400 μg/mL) as well as were capable of eradicating both young and mature preformed biofilms as observed by live/dead imaging and crystal violet assay. Further cytotoxicity assay suggests high selectivity (IC50/MIC90 value = 15.2-30.4) of these particles. The results in the present investigation provide role of these novel nanoparticles having substantially low silver content with reduced toxicity and good antibacterial and antibiofilm activity for external wound healing applications.
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Marouf R, Mbarga JM, Ermolaev A, Podoprigora I, Smirnova I, Yashina N, Zhigunova A, Martynenkova A. Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants against uropathogenic Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:1-12. [PMID: 35784103 PMCID: PMC9245916 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_124_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) being the most prevalent causative agent in both complicated and uncomplicated UTIs. Antibiotic resistance among UPEC has been already demonstrated against a wide variety of antibiotics and the situation is continuing to deteriorate increasing the rate of recurrence and the difficulty of treatment and prophylaxis. Recently, a big attention has been paid to non-antibiotic approaches as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. Among many strategies, phytotherapy has gained a special attention worldwide. Herbal remedies have been used in traditional medicine since ancient times and they are well known for their effectiveness in treating many health conditions including UTIs. Researches are conducted continuously to validate the use of many medicinal plants against UPEC, investigate their mechanisms of action, and determine their active constituents. Our extensive review of the recent literature revealed that many phytochemicals are shown to target and inhibit a wide variety of bioprocesses in UPEC, such as adhesion, motility, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing. Such natural approaches are very promising in confronting the antibiotic resistance of UPEC and can be further used to develop plant-based strategies and pharmaceutical products to treat and prevent UTIs caused by UPEC.
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Development of an Antifungal Device Based on Oriental Mustard Flour to Prevent Fungal Growth and Aflatoxin B1 Production in Almonds. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 14:toxins14010005. [PMID: 35050982 PMCID: PMC8778441 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the manufacture of an antifungal device composed of oriental mustard flour and hydroxyethyl-cellulose (H-OMF) and evaluates its efficacity in inhibiting Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production in almonds. Additionally, it compares the H-OMF with allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and a freeze-dried extract of yellow mustard flour (YMF-E); such substances were previously described as antifungal. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), the H-OMF in vitro antifungal activity, and the residual fungal population, as well as the production of AFB1 in almonds were determined. AITC and YMF-E showed significant antifungal activity in vitro. Additionally, the in vitro activity of H-OMF avoided mycelial growth by applying 30 mg/L. Almonds treated with AITC (5.07, 10.13, and 20.26 mg/L) and H-OMF (2000 and 4000 mg/L) showed a reduction in the population of A. flavus and the production of AFB1 to values below the limit of detection. YMF-E showed effectiveness by in vitro methodologies (MIC and MFC) but did not show efficacy when applied in almonds. Our findings indicated that the hydroxyethyl-cellulose-based device containing oriental mustard flour might be utilised as a fumigant to increase the safety of almonds and could be extended to other cereals or dry fruits.
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Wu YY, Xu YM, Lau ATY. Anti-Cancer and Medicinal Potentials of Moringa Isothiocyanate. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247512. [PMID: 34946594 PMCID: PMC8708952 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera), which belongs to the Moringaceae family, is a common herb, rich in plant compounds. It has a variety of bioactive compounds that can act as antioxidants, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents, etc., which can be obtained in different body parts of M. oleifera. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) from M. oleifera are one class of these active substances that can inhibit cancer proliferation and promote cancer cell apoptosis through multiple signaling pathways, thus curbing cancer migration and metastasis, at the same time they have little adverse effect on normal cells. There are multiple variants of ITCs in M. oleifera, but the predominant phytochemical is 4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate, also known as moringa isothiocyanate (MIC-1). Studies have shown that MIC-1 has the possibility to be used clinically for the treatment of diabetes, neurologic diseases, obesity, ulcerative colitis, and several cancer types. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer and anti-chronic disease effects of MIC-1, current trends, and future direction of MIC-1 based treatment strategies. This review combines the relevant literature of the past 10 years, in order to provide more comprehensive information of MIC-1 and to fully exploit its potentiality in the clinical settings.
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Tie Y, Zhu W, Zhang C, Yin L, Zhang Y, Liu L, Yuan H. Identification of Two Myrosinases from a Leclercia adecarboxylata Strain and Investigation of Its Tolerance Mechanism to Glucosinolate Hydrolysate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14151-14164. [PMID: 34806371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs), secondary metabolites synthesized by cruciferous plants, can be hydrolyzed by myrosinase into compounds, such as isothiocyanates (ITCs), with various bioactivities. Thus, myrosinase plays an important role in the utilization of GSLs. We isolated a bacterial strain, which was identified as Leclercia adecarboxylata, from the rhizosphere soil of rape seedlings and identified two myrosinase genes and an ITC hydrolase gene. Both myrosinases are intracellular and have 658 amino acid residues. Via molecular docking and chemical modification assays investigating the active sites of the myrosinases, arginine was found to be essential for their catalytic activity. Transcriptomic analysis of the response to sinigrin revealed significant up-regulation of some genes involved in allyl-ITC detoxification, with metallo-β-lactamase 3836 having the highest fold change. Thus, we discovered two myrosinases from L. adecarboxylata and demonstrated that the mechanism of tolerance of the bacterium to allyl-ITC likely involved metallo-β-lactamase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tie
- Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Wenyou Zhu
- Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Liguo Yin
- Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Linpei Liu
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huawei Yuan
- Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
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Ortega-Hernández E, Antunes-Ricardo M, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Improving the Health-Benefits of Kales ( Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC) through the Application of Controlled Abiotic Stresses: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2629. [PMID: 34961097 PMCID: PMC8706317 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC) is a popular cruciferous vegetable originating from Central Asia, and is well known for its abundant bioactive compounds. This review discusses the main kale phytochemicals and emphasizes molecules of nutraceutical interest, including phenolics, carotenoids, and glucosinolates. The preventive and therapeutic properties of kale against chronic and degenerative diseases are highlighted according to the most recent in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reported. Likewise, it is well known that the application of controlled abiotic stresses can be used as an effective tool to increase the content of phytochemicals with health-promoting properties. In this context, the effect of different abiotic stresses (saline, exogenous phytohormones, drought, temperature, and radiation) on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in kale is also presented. The information reviewed in this article can be used as a starting point to further validate through bioassays the effects of abiotically stressed kale on the prevention and treatment of chronic and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ortega-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64849, Mexico;
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64849, Mexico;
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco C.P. 45138, Mexico
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Persistence Enhancement of a Promising Tick Repellent, Benzyl Isothiocyanate, by Yeast Microcarriers. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226817. [PMID: 34833912 PMCID: PMC8624053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate isolated from Armoracia rusticana root oil and its derivatives were tested at different doses in a bioassay designed to evaluate repellency against individual Haemaphysalis longicornis nymphs. Among the tested compounds, benzyl isothiocyanate exhibited repellency against H. longicornis nymphs at the lowest dose of 0.00625 mg/cm2, followed by phenethyl isothiocyanate (0.0125 mg/cm2) and phenyl isothiocyanate (0.025 mg/cm2). The behavioral responses of H. longicornis nymphs exposed to benzyl isothiocyanate and phenethyl isothiocyanate indicated that the mode of action of these compounds can be mainly attributed to the vapor phase. Encapsulated benzyl isothiocyanate showed repellency up to 120 min post-application at 0.1 mg/cm2, whereas pure benzyl isothiocyanate showed repellency up to 60 min post-application at 0.1 mg/cm2. The present study suggests that benzyl isothiocyanate is a potential repellent for protection against H. longicornis nymphs, and encapsulation in yeast cells may enhance the repellency effect.
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Ugolini L, Cilia G, Pagnotta E, Malaguti L, Capano V, Guerra I, Zavatta L, Albertazzi S, Matteo R, Lazzeri L, Righetti L, Nanetti A. Glucosinolate Bioactivation by Apis mellifera Workers and Its Impact on Nosema ceranae Infection at the Colony Level. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1657. [PMID: 34827655 PMCID: PMC8615805 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The microsporidian fungus Nosema ceranae represents one of the primary bee infection threats worldwide and the antibiotic fumagillin is the only registered product for nosemosis disease control, while few alternatives are, at present, available. Natural bioactive compounds deriving from the glucosinolate-myrosinase system (GSL-MYR) in Brassicaceae plants, mainly isothiocyanates (ITCs), are known for their antimicrobial activity against numerous pathogens and for their health-protective effects in humans. This work explored the use of Brassica nigra and Eruca sativa defatted seed meal (DSM) GSL-containing diets against natural Nosema infection in Apis mellifera colonies. DSM patties from each plant species were obtained by adding DSMs to sugar candy at the concentration of 4% (w/w). The feeding was administered in May to mildly N. ceranae-infected honey bee colonies for four weeks at the dose of 250 g/week. In the treated groups, no significant effects on colony development and bee mortality were observed compared to the negative controls. The N. ceranae abundance showed a slight but significant decrease. Furthermore, the GSL metabolism in bees was investigated, and MYR hydrolytic activity was qualitatively searched in isolated bee midgut and hindgut. Interestingly, MYR activity was detected both in the bees fed DSMs and in the control group where the bees did not receive DSMs. In parallel, ITCs were found in gut tissues from the bees treated with DSMs, corroborating the presence of a MYR-like enzyme capable of hydrolyzing ingested GSLs. On the other hand, GSLs and other GSL hydrolysis products other than ITCs, such as nitriles, were found in honey produced by the treated bees, potentially increasing the health value of the final product for human consumption. The results are indicative of a specific effect on the N. ceranae infection in managed honey bee colonies depending on the GSL activation within the target organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ugolini
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (L.L.); (L.R.)
| | - Giovanni Cilia
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (V.C.); (I.G.); (L.Z.); (S.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (L.L.); (L.R.)
| | - Lorena Malaguti
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (L.L.); (L.R.)
| | - Vittorio Capano
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (V.C.); (I.G.); (L.Z.); (S.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Irene Guerra
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (V.C.); (I.G.); (L.Z.); (S.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Laura Zavatta
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (V.C.); (I.G.); (L.Z.); (S.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Sergio Albertazzi
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (V.C.); (I.G.); (L.Z.); (S.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Roberto Matteo
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (L.L.); (L.R.)
| | - Luca Lazzeri
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (L.L.); (L.R.)
| | - Laura Righetti
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (L.L.); (L.R.)
| | - Antonio Nanetti
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (V.C.); (I.G.); (L.Z.); (S.A.); (A.N.)
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Nowicki D, Krause K, Karczewska M, Szalewska-Pałasz A. Evaluation of the Anti-Shigellosis Activity of Dietary Isothiocyanates in Galleria mellonella Larvae. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113967. [PMID: 34836222 PMCID: PMC8625812 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables, widely present in daily diets, are a rich source of organosulfur compounds with proven health benefits, especially chemopreventive or antioxidative effects. Isothiocyanate derivatives (ITCs) exhibit a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activity and recently, their antibacterial properties have been of particular importance. Here, we have focused on the anti-shigellosis activity of sulforaphane (SFN) and phenethyl ITC (PEITC). The genus Shigella causes gastroenteritis in humans, which constitutes a threat to public health. Production of a potent Stx toxin by S. dysenteriae type 1 results not only in more severe symptoms but also in serious sequela, including the hemolytic uremic syndrome. Here, we present evidence that two aliphatic and aromatic ITCs derivatives, SFN and PEITC, have an effective antibacterial potency against S. dysenteriae, also negatively regulating the stx gene expression. The molecular mechanism of this effect involves induction of the global stress-induced stringent response. ITCs also inhibit bacterial virulence against the Vero and HeLa cells. We present evidence for the therapeutic effect of sulforaphane and phenethyl ITC against a S. dysenteriae infection in the Galleria mellonella larvae model. Thus, our results indicate that isothiocyanates can be effectively used to combat dangerous bacterial infections.
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Ugolini L, Scarafile D, Matteo R, Pagnotta E, Malaguti L, Lazzeri L, Modesto M, Checcucci A, Mattarelli P, Braschi I. Effect of bioactive compounds released from Brassicaceae defatted seed meals on bacterial load in pig manure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62353-62367. [PMID: 34191264 PMCID: PMC8589757 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Animal manure application to soils is considered to be one of the main cause of antibiotic and bacterial pathogen spread in the environment. Pig livestock, which is the source of one of the most used fertilizer for cultivated land, is also a hotspot for antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Besides harsh chemical and physical sanitization treatments for the abatement of antibiotics and bacterial load in livestock waste, more sustainable and environmentally friendly strategies need to be considered. In this context, the use of natural substances which are proved useful for pest and disease control is currently under exploration for their role in the reduction of bacterial pathogen population. Among these, plants and derived products from the Brassicaceae family, characterized by the presence of a defensive glucosinolate-myrosinase enzymatic system, have been successfully exploited for years in agriculture using the so-called biofumigation technique against crop diseases. Although the application of biofumigation to suppress a range of soil borne pests has been well documented, no studies have been examined to reduce bacterial population in animal waste. In the present study, the release and the antibacterial activity of bioactive compounds deriving from different Brassicaceae defatted seed meals against pathogens and bacterial population in pig manure is addressed. Rapistrum rugosum and Brassica nigra defatted seed meals were found to be the most active products against tested pathogens and able to significantly reduce the bacterial load in the manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ugolini
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Scarafile
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Matteo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Malaguti
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Lazzeri
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Modesto
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alice Checcucci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Mattarelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Braschi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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