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Ozsahin DU, Khan NA, Aqeel A, Ahmad H, Alotaibi MF, Ayaz M. Mathematical modeling and dynamics of immunological exhaustion caused by measles transmissibility interaction with HIV host. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297476. [PMID: 38635754 PMCID: PMC11025913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper mainly addressed the study of the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases and analysed the effect of two different types of viruses simultaneously that cause immunodeficiency in the host. The two infectious diseases that often spread in the populace are HIV and measles. The interaction between measles and HIV can cause severe illness and even fatal patient cases. The effects of the measles virus on the host with HIV infection are studied using a mathematical model and their dynamics. Analysing the dynamics of infectious diseases in communities requires the use of mathematical models. Decisions about public health policy are influenced by mathematical modeling, which sheds light on the efficacy of various control measures, immunization plans, and interventions. We build a mathematical model for disease spread through vertical and horizontal human population transmission, including six coupled nonlinear differential equations with logistic growth. The fundamental reproduction number is examined, which serves as a cutoff point for determining the degree to which a disease will persist or die. We look at the various disease equilibrium points and investigate the regional stability of the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points in the feasible region of the epidemic model. Concurrently, the global stability of the equilibrium points is investigated using the Lyapunov functional approach. Finally, the Runge-Kutta method is utilised for numerical simulation, and graphic illustrations are used to evaluate the impact of different factors on the spread of the illness. Critical factors that effect the dynamics of disease transmission and greatly affect the rate and range of the disease's spread in the population have been determined through a thorough analysis. These factors are crucial in determining the expansion of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilber Uzun Ozsahin
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, Sharjah University, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Najeeb Alam Khan
- Department of Mathematics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Araib Aqeel
- Department of Mathematics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hijaz Ahmad
- Near East University, Operational Research Center in Healthcare, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia, Turkey
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mishref, Kuwait
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maged F. Alotaibi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, Sharjah University, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Farhan M, Shah Z, Jan R, Islam S, Alshehri MH, Ling Z. A fractional modeling approach for the transmission dynamics of measles with double-dose vaccination. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023:1-18. [PMID: 38149815 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2297171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Measles, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family and the Morbillivirus genus, is an infectious disease caused by the measles virus that is extremely contagious and can be prevented through vaccination. When a person with the measles coughs or sneezes, the virus is disseminated by respiratory droplets. Normally, the appearance of measles symptoms takes 10-14 d following viral exposure. Conjunctivitis, a high temperature, a cough, a runny nose, and a distinctive rash are some of the symptoms. Despite the measles vaccination being available, it is still widespread worldwide. To eradicate measles, the Reproduction Number (i.e. R 0 < 1 ) must remain less than unity. This study examines a SEIVR compartmental model in the caputo sense using a double dose of vaccine to simulate the measles outbreak. The reproduction number R 0 and model properties are both thoroughly examined. Both the local and global stabilities of the proposed model are determined for R 0 less and greater than 1. To achieve the model's global stability, the Lyapunov function is used while the existence and uniqueness of the proposed model are demonstrated In addition to the calculated and fitted biological parameters, the forward sensitivity indices for R 0 are also obtained. Simulations of the proposed fractional order (FO) caputo model are performed in order to analyse their graphical representations and the significance of FO derivatives to illustrate how our theoretical findings have an impact. The graphical results show that the measles outbreak is reduced by increasing vaccine dosage rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farhan
- Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- School of Mathematical Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Zahir Shah
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Jan
- Department of Mathematics, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Islam
- Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor H Alshehri
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhi Ling
- School of Mathematical Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
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Ou L, Chen SJ, Teng IT, Yang L, Zhang B, Zhou T, Biju A, Cheng C, Kong WP, Morano NC, Stancofski ESD, Todd JP, Tsybovsky Y, Wang S, Zheng CY, Mascola JR, Shapiro L, Woodward RA, Buchholz UJ, Kwong PD. Structure-based design of a single-chain triple-disulfide-stabilized fusion-glycoprotein trimer that elicits high-titer neutralizing responses against human metapneumovirus. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011584. [PMID: 37738240 PMCID: PMC10516418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pneumoviridae family of viruses includes human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The closely related Paramyxoviridae family includes parainfluenza viruses (PIVs). These three viral pathogens cause acute respiratory tract infections with substantial disease burden in the young, the elderly, and the immune-compromised. While promising subunit vaccines are being developed with prefusion-stabilized forms of the fusion glycoproteins (Fs) of RSV and PIVs, for which neutralizing titers elicited by the prefusion (pre-F) conformation of F are much higher than for the postfusion (post-F) conformation, with HMPV, pre-F and post-F immunogens described thus far elicit similar neutralizing responses, and it has been unclear which conformation, pre-F or post-F, would be the most effective HMPV F-vaccine immunogen. Here, we investigate the impact of further stabilizing HMPV F in the pre-F state. We replaced the furin-cleavage site with a flexible linker, creating a single chain F that yielded increased amounts of pre-F stabilized trimers, enabling the generation and assessment of F trimers stabilized by multiple disulfide bonds. Introduced prolines could increase both expression yields and antigenic recognition by the pre-F specific antibody, MPE8. The cryo-EM structure of a triple disulfide-stabilized pre-F trimer with the variable region of antibody MPE8 at 3.25-Å resolution confirmed the formation of designed disulfides and provided structural details on the MPE8 interface. Immunogenicity assessments in naïve mice showed the triple disulfide-stabilized pre-F trimer could elicit high titer neutralization, >10-fold higher than elicited by post-F. Immunogenicity assessments in pre-exposed rhesus macaques showed the triple disulfide-stabilized pre-F could recall high neutralizing titers after a single immunization, with little discrimination in the recall response between pre-F and post-F immunogens. However, the triple disulfide-stabilized pre-F adsorbed HMPV-directed responses from commercially available pooled human immunoglobulin more fully than post-F. Collectively, these results suggest single-chain triple disulfide-stabilized pre-F trimers to be promising HMPV-vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven J. Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrea Biju
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wing-Pui Kong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicholas C. Morano
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cheng-Yan Zheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ruth A. Woodward
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ursula J. Buchholz
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Wu X, Goebbels M, Chao L, Wennekes T, van Kuppeveld FJM, de Vries E, de Haan CAM. Kinetic analysis of paramyxovirus-sialoglycan receptor interactions reveals virion motility. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011273. [PMID: 36972304 PMCID: PMC10079232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viruses initiate infection by binding to sialoglycan receptors at the cell surface. Binding to such receptors comes at a cost, however, as the sheer abundance of sialoglycans e.g. in mucus, may immobilize virions to non-functional decoy receptors. As a solution, sialoglycan-binding as well as sialoglycan-cleavage activities are often present in these viruses, which for paramyxoviruses are combined in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein. The dynamic interactions of sialoglycan-binding paramyxoviruses with their receptors are thought to be key determinants of species tropism, replication and pathogenesis. Here we used biolayer interferometry to perform kinetic analyses of receptor interactions of animal and human paramyxoviruses (Newcastle disease virus, Sendai virus, and human parainfluenza virus 3). We show that these viruses display strikingly different receptor interaction dynamics, which correlated with their receptor-binding and -cleavage activities and the presence of a second sialic acid binding site. Virion binding was followed by sialidase-driven release, during which virions cleaved sialoglycans until a virus-specific density was reached, which was largely independent of virion concentration. Sialidase-driven virion release was furthermore shown to be a cooperative process and to be affected by pH. We propose that paramyxoviruses display sialidase-driven virion motility on a receptor-coated surface, until a threshold receptor density is reached at which virions start to dissociate. Similar motility has previously been observed for influenza viruses and is likely to also apply to sialoglycan-interacting embecoviruses. Analysis of the balance between receptor-binding and -cleavage increases our understanding of host species tropism determinants and zoonotic potential of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesheng Wu
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maite Goebbels
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lemeng Chao
- Department Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Department Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik de Vries
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A. M. de Haan
- Section Virology, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Liu P, Ikram R, Khan A, Din A. The measles epidemic model assessment under real statistics: an application of stochastic optimal control theory. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023; 26:138-159. [PMID: 35297714 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2050222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A stochastic epidemic model with random noise transmission is taken into account, describing the dynamics of the measles viral infection. The basic reproductive number is calculated corresponding to the stochastic model. It is determined that, given initial positive data, the model has bounded, unique, and positive solution. Additionally, utilizing stochastic Lyapunov functional theory, we study the extinction of the disease. Stationary distribution and extinction of the infection are examined by providing sufficient conditions. We employed optimal control principles and examined stochastic control systems to regulate the transmission of the virus using environmental factors. Graphical representations have been offered for simplicity of comprehending in order to further verify the acquired analytical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijiang Liu
- School of Statistics and Mathematics, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Big data and Educational Statistics Application Laboratory, Guangzhou, PR China.,School of Statistics and Mathematics, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Rukhsar Ikram
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Amir Khan
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology, Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anwarud Din
- Department of Mathematics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Chilot D, Belay DG, Shitu K, Gela YY, Getnet M, Mulat B, Muluneh AG, Merid MW, Bitew DA, Alem AZ. Measles second dose vaccine utilization and associated factors among children aged 24–35 months in Sub-Saharan Africa, a multi-level analysis from recent DHS surveys. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2070. [PMID: 36371164 PMCID: PMC9655865 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although a safe and effective vaccine is available, measles remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity among young children in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The WHO and UNICEF recommended measles-containing vaccine dose 2 (MCV2) in addition to measles-containing vaccine dose 1 (MCV1) through routine services strategies. Many factors could contribute to the routine dose of MCV2 coverage remaining far below targets in many countries of this region. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of MCV2 utilization among children aged 24–35 months and analyze factors associated with it by using recent nationally representative surveys of SSA countries. Methods Secondary data analysis was done based on recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data from eight Sub-Saharan African countries. In this region, only eight countries have a record of routine doses of measles-containing vaccine dose 2 in their DHS dataset. The multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify significantly associated factors. Variables were extracted from each of the eight country’s KR files. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and p-value ≤ 0.05 in the multivariable model were used to declare significant factors associated with measles-containing vaccine dose 2 utilization. Result The pooled prevalence of MCV2 utilization in SSA was 44.77% (95% CI: 27.10–62.43%). In the multilevel analysis, mothers aged 25–34 years [AOR = 1.15,95% CI (1.05–1.26), mothers aged 35 years and above [AOR = 1.26, 95% CI (1.14–1.41)], maternal secondary education and above [AOR = 1.27, 95% CI (1.13–1.43)], not big problem to access health facilities [AOR = 1.21, 95% CI (1.12–1.31)], four and above ANC visit [AOR = 2.75, 95% CI (2.35–3.24)], PNC visit [AOR = 1.13, 95% CI (1.04–1.23)], health facility delivery [AOR = 2.24, 95% CI (2.04–2.46)], were positively associated with MCV2 utilization. In contrast, multiple twin [AOR = 0.70, 95% CI (0.53–0.95)], rural residence [AOR = 0.69, 95% CI (0.57–0.82)] and high community poverty [AOR = 0.66, 95% CI (0.54–0.80)] were found to be negatively associated with MCV2 utilization. Conclusions and recommendations Measles-containing vaccine doses 2 utilization in Sub-Saharan Africa was relatively low. Individual-level factors and community-level factors were significantly associated with low measles-containing vaccine dose 2 utilization. The MCV2 utilization could be improved through public health intervention by targeting rural residents, children of uneducated mothers, economically poor women, and other significant factors this study revealed.
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Scalabrin S, Becco A, Vitale A, Nuzzi R. Ocular effects caused by viral infections and corresponding vaccines: An overview of varicella zoster virus, measles virus, influenza viruses, hepatitis B virus, and SARS-CoV-2. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:999251. [PMID: 36388944 PMCID: PMC9643669 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.999251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viral infections can affect vision and the visual system. Vaccination to prevent diseases is commonplace today, acting by stimulating an immune response without developing the pathology. It involves the production of persisting antibodies against the pathogen and the activation of T cells. Certain diseases have already been eradicated by rigorous vaccination campaigns, while others are hoped to be eliminated soon. Vaccines currently available on the market are largely safe, even if they can rarely cause some adverse effects, such as ocular complications. Analyzing existing literature, we aimed to compare the pathological effects on the eye due to the most common viral infections [in particular varicella zoster virus (VZV), measles virus, influenza viruses, hepatitis B virus, and SARS-CoV-2] with the possible ocular adverse effects of their relative vaccines, in order to establish a risk-benefit relationship from an ophthalmological point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raffaele Nuzzi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Kadam RG, Karikalan M, Siddappa CM, Mahendran K, Srivastava G, Rajak KK, Bhardwaj Y, Varshney R, War ZA, Singh R, Ghosh M, Beena V, Pawde AM, Singh KP, Sharma AK. Molecular and pathological screening of canine distemper virus in Asiatic lions, tigers, leopards, snow leopards, clouded leopards, leopard cats, jungle cats, civet cats, fishing cat, and jaguar of different states, India. Infect Genet Evol 2022; 98:105211. [PMID: 35051653 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation was conducted to rule out canine distemper (CD) diseases in Indian wild felids (Asiatic lions, tigers, leopards, snow leopards, clouded leopards, leopard cats, jungle cats, civet cats, fishing cat, and jaguar). The collected samples were screened for CD virus (CDV) by histopathology (HP), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting H gene and N gene. The HP and IHC of suspected samples portrayed that 22 [11 leopards, 6 lions, 3 tigers, 1 snow leopard and 1 civet cat] out of 129 (17.05%) wild felids were positive for CD. The major pathological consequences were observed in spleen, lung, kidney and brain. The syncytia and intranuclear as well as intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies were seen in CDV infected cells. Although the histopathological lesions in spleen were more specific and consistent, however, the severe demyelinated leukoencephalitis (usually expected in CD infected dog) was not observed in the brain of any Indian wild felids. Conversely, the CDV antigen has been portrayed via IHC in pancreatic islets of Langerhans of tiger species for the first time in this study. Moreover, the concurrent CD and babesiosis has also been observed in a lioness without a usual coffee-coloured urine. The N gene and H gene of CDV isolates were amplified, sequenced and subsequently constructed the phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic analysis of H gene revealed that the CDV isolates from Indian lion formed separate clade with CDV isolates from Indian dog and Indian palm civet cat. Furthermore, two CDV isolates from Indian tigers formed clade with Onderstepoort vaccine strain and CDV isolates from dogs of Uttar Pradesh, USA and UK. Evidently, CDV is circulating in Indian wild felids and causing diseases in them.
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Chen XT, Dai SY, Zhan Y, Yang R, Chen DQ, Li Y, Zhou EQ, Dong R. Progress of oncolytic virotherapy for neuroblastoma. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1055729. [PMID: 36467495 PMCID: PMC9716318 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1055729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a neuroendocrine tumor derived from the neural crest, neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. The prognosis in patients with low- and intermediate-risk NB is favorable while that in high-risk patients is often detrimental. However, the management of the considerably large proportion of high-risk patients remains challenging in clinical practice. Among various new approaches, oncolytic virus (OV) therapy offers great advantages in tumor treatment, especially for high-risk NB. Genetic modified OVs can target NB specifically without affecting normal tissue and avoid the widespread drug resistance issue in anticancer monotherapy. Meanwhile, its safety profile provides great potential in combination therapy with chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy. The therapeutic efficacy of OV for NB is impressive from bench to bedside. The effectiveness and safety of OVs have been demonstrated and reported in studies on children with NB. Furthermore, clinical trials on some OVs (Celyvir, Pexa-Vec (JX-594) and Seneca Valley Virus (NTX-010)) have reported great results. This review summarizes the latest evidence in the therapeutic application of OVs in NB, including those generated in cell lines, animal models and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Yang Dai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Qian Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - En-Qing Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
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Song B, Shiromoto Y, Minakuchi M, Nishikura K. The role of RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 in human disease. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA 2022; 13:e1665. [PMID: 34105255 PMCID: PMC8651834 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) catalyzes the posttranscriptional conversion of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which can lead to the creation of missense mutations in coding sequences. Recent studies show that editing-dependent functions of ADAR1 protect dsRNA from dsRNA-sensing molecules and inhibit innate immunity and the interferon-mediated response. Deficiency in these ADAR1 functions underlie the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases such as the type I interferonopathies Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome and dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. ADAR1-mediated editing of endogenous coding and noncoding RNA as well as ADAR1 editing-independent interactions with DICER can also have oncogenic or tumor suppressive effects that affect tumor proliferation, invasion, and response to immunotherapy. The combination of proviral and antiviral roles played by ADAR1 in repressing the interferon response and editing viral RNAs alters viral morphogenesis and cell susceptibility to infection. This review analyzes the structure and function of ADAR1 with a focus on its position in human disease pathways and the mechanisms of its disease-associated effects. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Song
- Department of Gene Expression and Regulation, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yusuke Shiromoto
- Department of Gene Expression and Regulation, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Moeko Minakuchi
- Department of Gene Expression and Regulation, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kazuko Nishikura
- Department of Gene Expression and Regulation, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kuddus MA, Mohiuddin M, Rahman A. Mathematical analysis of a measles transmission dynamics model in Bangladesh with double dose vaccination. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16571. [PMID: 34400667 PMCID: PMC8368032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the availability of the measles vaccine, it is still epidemic in many countries globally, including Bangladesh. Eradication of measles needs to keep the basic reproduction number less than one \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$(\mathrm{i}.\mathrm{e}. \, \, {\mathrm{R}}_{0}<1)$$\end{document}(i.e.R0<1). This paper investigates a modified (SVEIR) measles compartmental model with double dose vaccination in Bangladesh to simulate the measles prevalence. We perform a dynamical analysis of the resulting system and find that the model contains two equilibrium points: a disease-free equilibrium and an endemic equilibrium. The disease will be died out if the basic reproduction number is less than one \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$(\mathrm{i}.\mathrm{e}. \, \, {\mathrm{ R}}_{0}<1)$$\end{document}(i.e.R0<1), and if greater than one \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$(\mathrm{i}.\mathrm{e}. \, \, {\mathrm{R}}_{0}>1)$$\end{document}(i.e.R0>1) epidemic occurs. While using the Routh-Hurwitz criteria, the equilibria are found to be locally asymptotically stable under the former condition on \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\mathrm{R}}_{0}$$\end{document}R0. The partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCCs), a global sensitivity analysis method is used to compute \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\mathrm{R}}_{0}$$\end{document}R0 and measles prevalence \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\left({\mathrm{I}}^{*}\right)$$\end{document}I∗ with respect to the estimated and fitted model parameters. We found that the transmission rate \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$(\upbeta )$$\end{document}(β) had the most significant influence on measles prevalence. Numerical simulations were carried out to commissions our analytical outcomes. These findings show that how progression rate, transmission rate and double dose vaccination rate affect the dynamics of measles prevalence. The information that we generate from this study may help government and public health professionals in making strategies to deal with the omissions of a measles outbreak and thus control and prevent an epidemic in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Kuddus
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia. .,Department of Mathematics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - M Mohiuddin
- Department of Mathematics, Comilla University, Cumilla, 3506, Bangladesh
| | - Azizur Rahman
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
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12
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Mokhtari RB, Sambi M, Qorri B, Baluch N, Ashayeri N, Kumar S, Cheng HLM, Yeger H, Das B, Szewczuk MR. The Next-Generation of Combination Cancer Immunotherapy: Epigenetic Immunomodulators Transmogrify Immune Training to Enhance Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3596. [PMID: 34298809 PMCID: PMC8305317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy harnesses the immune system by targeting tumor cells that express antigens recognized by immune system cells, thus leading to tumor rejection. These tumor-associated antigens include tumor-specific shared antigens, differentiation antigens, protein products of mutated genes and rearrangements unique to tumor cells, overexpressed tissue-specific antigens, and exogenous viral proteins. However, the development of effective therapeutic approaches has proven difficult, mainly because these tumor antigens are shielded, and cells primarily express self-derived antigens. Despite innovative and notable advances in immunotherapy, challenges associated with variable patient response rates and efficacy on select tumors minimize the overall effectiveness of immunotherapy. Variations observed in response rates to immunotherapy are due to multiple factors, including adaptative resistance, competency, and a diversity of individual immune systems, including cancer stem cells in the tumor microenvironment, composition of the gut microbiota, and broad limitations of current immunotherapeutic approaches. New approaches are positioned to improve the immune response and increase the efficacy of immunotherapies, highlighting the challenges that the current global COVID-19 pandemic places on the present state of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bayat Mokhtari
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (M.S.); (B.Q.)
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Thoreau Laboratory for Global Health, M2D2, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01852, USA;
| | - Manpreet Sambi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (M.S.); (B.Q.)
| | - Bessi Qorri
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (M.S.); (B.Q.)
| | - Narges Baluch
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada;
| | - Neda Ashayeri
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Ali-Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1449614535, Iran;
| | - Sushil Kumar
- QPS, Holdings LLC, Pencader Corporate Center, 110 Executive Drive, Newark, DE 19702, USA;
| | - Hai-Ling Margaret Cheng
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada;
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Herman Yeger
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada;
| | - Bikul Das
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Thoreau Laboratory for Global Health, M2D2, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01852, USA;
- KaviKrishna Laboratory, Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, GBP, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Myron R. Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (M.S.); (B.Q.)
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13
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Lin WHW, Moran E, Adams RJ, Sievers RE, Hauer D, Godin S, Griffin DE. A durable protective immune response to wild-type measles virus infection of macaques is due to viral replication and spread in lymphoid tissues. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/537/eaax7799. [PMID: 32238577 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax7799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection with wild-type (WT) measles virus (MeV) is an important cause of childhood mortality that leads to lifelong protective immunity in survivors. WT MeV and the live-attenuated MeV used in the measles vaccine (LAMV) are antigenically similar, but the determinants of attenuation are unknown, and protective immunity induced by LAMV is less robust than that induced by WT MeV. To identify factors that contribute to these differences, we compared virologic and immunologic responses after respiratory infection of rhesus macaques with WT MeV or LAMV. In infected macaques, WT MeV replicated efficiently in B and T lymphocytes with spreading throughout lymphoid tissues resulting in prolonged persistence of viral RNA. In contrast, LAMV replicated efficiently in the respiratory tract but displayed limited spread to lymphoid tissue or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In vitro, WT MeV and LAMV replicated similarly in macaque primary respiratory epithelial cells and human lymphocytes, but LAMV-infected lymphocytes produced little virus. Plasma concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-12, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), CCL2, CCL11, CXCL9, and CXCL11 increased in macaques after WT MeV but not LAMV infection. WT MeV infection induced more protective neutralizing, hemagglutinin-specific antibodies and bone marrow plasma cells than did LAMV infection, although numbers of MeV-specific IFN-γ- and IL-4-producing T cells were comparable. Therefore, MeV attenuation may involve altered viral replication in lymphoid tissue that limited spread and decreased the host antibody response, suggesting a link between lifelong protective immunity and the ability of WT MeV, but not LAMV, to spread in lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan W Lin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eileen Moran
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Robert J Adams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Robert E Sievers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Debra Hauer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Diane E Griffin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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14
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Argaw T, Marino MP, Timmons A, Eldridge L, Takeda K, Li P, Kwilas A, Ou W, Reiser J. In vivo targeting of lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with the Tupaia paramyxovirus H glycoprotein bearing a cell-specific ligand. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 21:670-680. [PMID: 34141822 PMCID: PMC8166926 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite their exceptional capacity for transgene delivery ex vivo, lentiviral (LV) vectors have been slow to demonstrate clinical utility in the context of in vivo applications. Unresolved safety concerns related to broad LV vector tropism have limited LV vectors to ex vivo applications. Here, we report on a novel LV vector-pseudotyping strategy involving envelope glycoproteins of Tupaia paramyxovirus (TPMV) engineered to specifically target human cell-surface receptors. LV vectors pseudotyped with the TPMV hemagglutinin (H) protein bearing the interleukin (IL)-13 ligand in concert with the TPMV fusion (F) protein allowed efficient transduction of cells expressing the human IL-13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13Rα2). Immunodeficient mice bearing orthotopically implanted human IL-13Rα2 expressing NCI-H1299 non-small cell lung cancer cells were injected intravenously with a single dose of LV vector pseudotyped with the TPMV H-IL-13 glycoprotein. Vector biodistribution was monitored using bioluminescence imaging of firefly luciferase transgene expression, revealing specific transduction of tumor tissue. A quantitative droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) analysis of lung tissue samples revealed a >15-fold increase in the tumor transduction in mice treated with LV vectors displaying IL-13 relative to those without IL-13. Our results show that TPMV envelope glycoproteins can be equipped with ligands to develop targeted LV vectors for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takele Argaw
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Michael P. Marino
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Andrew Timmons
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Lindsey Eldridge
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Kazuyo Takeda
- Microscopy and Imaging Core Facility, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Pingjuan Li
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
- Vedere Bio, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anna Kwilas
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Wu Ou
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Jakob Reiser
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
- Corresponding author: Jakob Reiser, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Building 52/72, Room 3106, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
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15
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Semmler G, Griebler H, Aberle SW, Stiasny K, Richter L, Holzmann H, Weseslindtner L. Elevated CXCL10 Serum Levels in Measles Virus Primary Infection and Reinfection Correlate With the Serological Stage and Hospitalization Status. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:2030-2034. [PMID: 32515478 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We quantified serum concentrations of chemokine CXCL10 in 288 patients with measles virus (MeV) primary infection and 16 patients with reinfection (vaccine failure). CXCL10 peaked with emergence of IgM antibodies and was elevated in hospitalized patients (3233 vs 1930 pg/mL, P < .0001). CXCL10 differed between primary and reinfection (1958 vs 932 pg/mL, P = .0402). In comparison to other viral infections with rash-like symptoms, CXCL10 was highly elevated in MeV infection (area under the curve = 0.935; 95% confidence interval, .905-.965; P < .0001). CXCL10 is a potential marker for diagnosis, stage, and severity of MeV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Semmler
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannah Griebler
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan W Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Richter
- Department of Surveillance and Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is affecting cattle populations all over the world causing acute disease, immunosuppressive effects, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal, and reproductive failure in cattle. The virus is taken up via the oronasal route and infection of epithelial and immune cells contributes to the dissemination of the virus throughout the body. However, it is not known how the virus gets across the barrier of epithelial cells encountered in the airways. Here, we analyzed the infection of polarized primary bovine airway epithelial cells (BAEC). Infection of BAEC by a non-cytopathogenic BVDV was possible via both the apical and the basolateral plasma membrane, but the infection was most efficient when the virus was applied to the basolateral plasma membrane. Irrespective of the site of infection, BVDV was efficiently released to the apical site, while only minor amounts of virus were detected in the basal medium. This indicates that the respiratory epithelium can release large amounts of BVDV to the environment and susceptible animals via respiratory fluids and aerosols, but BVDV cannot cross the airway epithelial cells to infect subepithelial cells and establish systemic infection. Further experiments showed that the receptor, bovine CD46, for BVDV is expressed predominantly on the apical membrane domain of the polarized epithelial cells. In a CD46 blocking experiment, the addition of an antibody directed against CD46 almost completely inhibited apical infection, whereas basolateral infection was not affected. While CD46 serves as a receptor for apical infection of BAEC by BVDV, the receptor for basolateral infection remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation , Hannover, Germany
| | - Yuguang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou, China
| | - Jochen Meens
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation , Hannover, Germany
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation , Hannover, Germany.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, China
| | - Fandan Meng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation , Hannover, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Harbin, China
| | - Georg Herrler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation , Hannover, Germany
| | - Paul Becher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation , Hannover, Germany
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17
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Iizuka K, Shoji K, Fujiyuki T, Moritoh K, Tamura K, Yoshida A, Sato H, Yoneda M, Asano K, Kai C. Antitumor activity of an oncolytic measles virus against canine urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma cells. Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:313-317. [PMID: 33183781 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of urinary bladder is generally poor because it is difficult to diagnose at early stages and conventional therapies, such as surgical resection and/or chemotherapy, are often not curative treatments. Based on our previous report that recombinant measles virus (rMV-SLAMblind) therapy could be a new treatment for canine mammary tumor, the applicability of rMV-SLAMblind in canine urinary bladder TCC was examined in this study. A canine TCC cell line was established from a TCC patient dog by transplanting a piece of the tumor mass into an immunodeficient mouse and then isolating the primary TCC cells from the grown tumor mass. The primary cultured cells, named TCC-NU1, express nectin-4, a receptor for rMV-SLAMblind infection. The rMV-SLAMblind infected TCC-NU1 cells, and dose-dependently showed cell cytotoxicity. Moreover, intratumoral administration of rMV-SLAMblind in a xenograft model bearing TCC-NU1 cells significantly suppressed the tumor growth reducing the endpoint mass of tumors in treated mice compared to control mice. These results suggest that virotherapy with rMV-SLAMblind be a new candidate therapy for canine TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Iizuka
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shoji
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujiyuki
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kanako Moritoh
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kei Tamura
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Asuka Yoshida
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Misako Yoneda
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kazushi Asano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Chieko Kai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
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Duvergé A, Negroni M. Pseudotyping Lentiviral Vectors: When the Clothes Make the Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:E1311. [PMID: 33207797 DOI: 10.3390/v12111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivering transgenes to human cells through transduction with viral vectors constitutes one of the most encouraging approaches in gene therapy. Lentivirus-derived vectors are among the most promising vectors for these approaches. When the genetic modification of the cell must be performed in vivo, efficient specific transduction of the cell targets of the therapy in the absence of off-targeting constitutes the Holy Grail of gene therapy. For viral therapy, this is largely determined by the characteristics of the surface proteins carried by the vector. In this regard, an important property of lentiviral vectors is the possibility of being pseudotyped by envelopes of other viruses, widening the panel of proteins with which they can be armed. Here, we discuss how this is achieved at the molecular level and what the properties and the potentialities of the different envelope proteins that can be used for pseudotyping these vectors are.
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Komorizono R, Sassa Y, Horie M, Makino A, Tomonaga K. Evolutionary Selection of the Nuclear Localization Signal in the Viral Nucleoprotein Leads to Host Adaptation of the Genus Orthobornavirus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111291. [PMID: 33187187 PMCID: PMC7698282 DOI: 10.3390/v12111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of the viral life cycle to host cells is necessary for efficient viral infection and replication. This evolutionary process has contributed to the mechanism for determining the host range of viruses. Orthobornaviruses, members of the family Bornaviridae, are non-segmented, negative-strand RNA viruses, and several genotypes have been isolated from different vertebrate species. Previous studies revealed that some genotypes isolated from avian species can replicate in mammalian cell lines, suggesting the zoonotic potential of avian orthobornaviruses. However, the mechanism by which the host specificity of orthobornaviruses is determined has not yet been identified. In this study, we found that the infectivity of orthobornaviruses is not determined at the viral entry step, mediated by the viral glycoprotein and matrix protein. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence in the viral nucleoprotein (N) has evolved under natural selection and determines the host-specific viral polymerase activity. A chimeric mammalian orthobornavirus, which has the NLS sequence of avian orthobornavirus N, exhibited a reduced propagation efficiency in mammalian cells. Our findings indicated that nuclear transport of the viral N is a determinant of the host range of orthobornaviruses, providing insights into the evolution and host adaptation of orthobornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Komorizono
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (R.K.); (M.H.)
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukiko Sassa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (R.K.); (M.H.)
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akiko Makino
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (R.K.); (M.H.)
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (R.K.); (M.H.)
- Laboratory of RNA Viruses, Department of Mammalian Regulatory Network, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (K.T.)
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Abstract
Neurological disorders caused by neuroviral infections are an obvious pathogenic manifestation. However, non-neurotropic viruses or peripheral viral infections pose a considerable challenge as their neuropathological manifestations do not emerge because of primary infection. Their secondary or bystander pathologies develop much later, like a syndrome, during and after the recovery of patients from the primary disease. Massive inflammation caused by peripheral viral infections can trigger multiple neurological anomalies. These neurological damages may range from a general cognitive and motor dysfunction up to a wide spectrum of CNS anomalies, such as Acute Necrotizing Hemorrhagic Encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Encephalitis, Meningitis, anxiety, and other audio-visual disabilities. Peripheral viruses like Measles virus, Enteroviruses, Influenza viruses (HIN1 series), SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and, recently, SARS-CoV-2 are reported to cause various neurological manifestations in patients and are proven to be neuropathogenic even in cellular and animal model systems. This review presents a comprehensive picture of CNS susceptibilities toward these peripheral viral infections and explains some common underlying themes of their neuropathology in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Mishra
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Akhil C. Banerjea
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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21
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Qureshi S. Real life application of Caputo fractional derivative for measles epidemiological autonomous dynamical system. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Romanutti C, Keller L, La Torre J, Panzera Y, Fuques E, Pérez R, Gallo Calderon M. Virus isolation and full-length genome sequencing of a representative canine distemper virus wild type strain of the South America 2 clade. J Virol Methods 2020; 279:113857. [PMID: 32205180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is a highly contagious pathogen of dogs that causes severe respiratory, gastrointestinal and nervous signs. Although vaccines have been used to prevent infections, CDV has been reported worldwide, even in vaccinated animals. In the present study, a representative wild type CDV strain (Arg24) was isolated from a sick vaccinated dog and its genome was completely sequenced using Illumina technology. This strain produced a strong cytopathic effect in Vero SLAM (Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule) cells with a higher titer of 1.1 × 105 Median Tissue Culture Infectious Dose (TCID50/mL) at 32 h post infection, in cell-associated virus. The Arg24 strain genome, showed values of 97.1, 90.3, 96.7, 90.6, 89.8 and 97.3 % of amino acid identity with respect to the Onderstepoort vaccine strain (Nucleoprotein, Phosphoprotein, Matrix, Fusion, Hemagglutinin and Large polymerase, respectively). Focusing on the Hemagglutinin gene, which is the target for genetic characterization, Arg24 showed four additional potential glycosylation sites, with respect to the Onderstepoort. The availability of Arg24 strain, which can be easily grown in Vero SLAM cells, is an important tool to perform immunological and antigenic comparative studies, between wild type and vaccine CDV strains.
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Qureshi S. Effects of vaccination on measles dynamics under fractional conformable derivative with Liouville–Caputo operator. Eur Phys J Plus 2020. [DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Memon Z, Qureshi S, Memon BR. Mathematical analysis for a new nonlinear measles epidemiological system using real incidence data from Pakistan. Eur Phys J Plus 2020; 135:378. [PMID: 32435550 PMCID: PMC7223692 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Modeling of infectious diseases is essential to comprehend dynamic behavior for the transmission of an epidemic. This research study consists of a newly proposed mathematical system for transmission dynamics of the measles epidemic. The measles system is based upon mass action principle wherein human population is divided into five mutually disjoint compartments: susceptible S(t)-vaccinated V(t)-exposed E(t)-infectious I(t)-recovered R(t). Using real measles cases reported from January 2019 to October 2019 in Pakistan, the system has been validated. Two unique equilibria called measles-free and endemic (measles-present) are shown to be locally asymptotically stable for basic reproductive number R 0 < 1 and R 0 > 1 , respectively. While using Lyapunov functions, the equilibria are found to be globally asymptotically stable under the former conditions on R 0 . However, backward bifurcation shows coexistence of stable endemic equilibrium with a stable measles-free equilibrium for R 0 < 1 . A strategy for measles control based on herd immunity is presented. The forward sensitivity indices for R 0 are also computed with respect to the estimated and fitted biological parameters. Finally, numerical simulations exhibit dynamical behavior of the measles system under influence of its parameters which further suggest improvement in both the vaccine efficacy and its coverage rate for substantial reduction in the measles epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaibunnisa Memon
- Department of Basic Sciences and Related Studies, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh 76062 Pakistan
| | - Sania Qureshi
- Department of Basic Sciences and Related Studies, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh 76062 Pakistan
| | - Bisharat Rasool Memon
- Institute of Information and Communication Technology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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Bamouh Z, Fakri F, Jazouli M, Safini N, Omari Tadlaoui K, Elharrak M. Peste des petits ruminants pathogenesis on experimental infected goats by the Moroccan 2015 isolate. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:452. [PMID: 31842890 PMCID: PMC6916009 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease of major economic importance on small ruminants. Goats are usually known to be more susceptible to the disease. Infection chronology, virus circulation, and the disease early detection need to be better understood. This study evaluates the tissue tropism and pathogenesis of PPR following experimental infection of goats using a lineage IV virus, the most dominant in the world originated from Asia. PPRV infection was experimentally induced in 4 six-month-old goats by intra-nasal and intravenous route of cell virus suspension and from infectious mashed tissue. The clinical signs were observed and goats were euthanized at predetermined clinical score level for post-mortem examinations and PPRV detection by RT-PCR. Clinical signs of infection were present, pyrexia, serous-mucopurulent nasal discharges, coughing, diarrhea and asthenia, for both cell virus suspension and infectious mashed tissue. PPRV genome was highly detected in swabs and tissues with clinical signs dominated by pulmonary attack and digestive symptoms secondary. Results Results of this study indicates that PPRV is an invasive infection in animals that in a short period, less than 10 days, invade all vital organs. On live animals, early diagnostic may be easily done on lacrimal and rectal swabs. Conclusion The experimental PPRV-infection model using the cell virus suspension is suitable for vaccine evaluation as a standard model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bamouh
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco.
| | - F Fakri
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - M Jazouli
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - N Safini
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - K Omari Tadlaoui
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - M Elharrak
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
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Singh BK, Pfaller CK, Cattaneo R, Sinn PL. Measles Virus Ribonucleoprotein Complexes Rapidly Spread across Well-Differentiated Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells along F-Actin Rings. mBio 2019; 10:e02434-19. [PMID: 31772054 PMCID: PMC6879720 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02434-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MeV) is a highly contagious human pathogen that continues to be a worldwide health burden. One of the challenges for the study of MeV spread is the identification of model systems that accurately reflect how MeV behaves in humans. For our studies, we use unpassaged, well-differentiated primary cultures of airway epithelial cells from human donor lungs to examine MeV infection and spread. Here, we show that the main components of the MeV ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP), the nucleocapsid and phosphoprotein, colocalize with the apical and circumapical F-actin networks. To better understand how MeV infections spread across the airway epithelium, we generated a recombinant virus incorporating chimeric fluorescent proteins in its RNP complex. By live cell imaging, we observed rapid movement of RNPs along the circumapical F-actin rings of newly infected cells. This strikingly rapid mechanism of horizontal trafficking across epithelia is consistent with the opening of pores between columnar cells by the viral membrane fusion apparatus. Our work provides mechanistic insights into how MeV rapidly spreads through airway epithelial cells, contributing to its extremely contagious nature.IMPORTANCE The ability of viral particles to directly spread cell to cell within the airways without particle release is considered to be highly advantageous to many respiratory viruses. Our previous studies in well-differentiated, primary human airway epithelial cells suggest that measles virus (MeV) spreads cell to cell by eliciting the formation of intercellular membrane pores. Based on a newly generated ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) "tracker" virus, we document by live-cell microscopy that MeV RNPs move along F-actin rings before entering a new cell. Thus, rather than diffusing through the cytoplasm of a newly infected columnar cell, RNPs take advantage of the cytoskeletal infrastructure to rapidly spread laterally across the human airway epithelium. This results in rapid horizontal spread through the epithelium that does not require particle release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brajesh K Singh
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Christian K Pfaller
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Langen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Roberto Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Patrick L Sinn
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Qi X, Wang T, Li Z, Wan Y, Yang B, Zeng W, Zhang Y, Wang J. MicroRNA-218 Regulates Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecular (SLAM) Mediated Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infectivity in Goat Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2201. [PMID: 31616415 PMCID: PMC6763950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) has emerged as a significant threat to the productivity of small ruminants worldwide. SLAM was identified as the primary receptor for PPRV and other Morbilliviruses, although the regulation of SLAM expression is not yet fully understood. In this study, we revealed a novel mechanism by which PPRV upregulates its receptor SLAM expression and thereby benefits its replication via suppressing miR-218, a novel negative miRNA directly targeting SLAM gene. We demonstrated that PPRV infection downregulates miR-218, which in turn enhances SLAM expression on the surface of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), thus promoting PPRV replication. Since SLAM signaling may modulate the immune responses induced by PPRV infection, we further examined the effect of SLAM expression on the production of various cytokines by PBMCs in the absence or presence of PPRV. We demonstrated that miR-218-mediated SLAM expression modulates the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10, importantly, these modulatory effects were enhanced in the presence of PPRV infection. Furthermore, our data clearly showed that PPRV H protein is sufficient to regulate miR-218-mediated SLAM expression. Taken together, our results suggest a novel mechanism involving post-transcriptional regulation of SLAM receptor expression on goat PBMCs during PPRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yangli Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Lalle E, Biava M, Nicastri E, Colavita F, Di Caro A, Vairo F, Lanini S, Castilletti C, Langer M, Zumla A, Kobinger G, Capobianchi MR, Ippolito G. Pulmonary Involvement during the Ebola Virus Disease. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090780. [PMID: 31450596 PMCID: PMC6784166 DOI: 10.3390/v11090780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Filoviruses have become a worldwide public health concern, especially during the 2013-2016 Western Africa Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak-the largest outbreak, both by number of cases and geographical extension, recorded so far in medical history. EVD is associated with pathologies in several organs, including the liver, kidney, and lung. During the 2013-2016 Western Africa outbreak, Ebola virus (EBOV) was detected in the lung of infected patients suggesting a role in lung pathogenesis. However, little is known about lung pathogenesis and the controversial issue of aerosol transmission in EVD. This review highlights the pulmonary involvement in EVD, with a special focus on the new data emerging from the 2013-2016 Ebola outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Lalle
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Mirella Biava
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Colavita
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Caro
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
- International Public Health Crisis Group, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Vairo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
- International Public Health Crisis Group, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Lanini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Langer
- EMERGENCY Onlus NGO, Via Santa Croce 19, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- International Public Health Crisis Group, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gary Kobinger
- International Public Health Crisis Group, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maria R Capobianchi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
- International Public Health Crisis Group, 00149 Rome, Italy.
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Fukuhara H, Ito Y, Sako M, Kajikawa M, Yoshida K, Seki F, Mwaba MH, Hashiguchi T, Higashibata MA, Ose T, Kuroki K, Takeda M, Maenaka K. Specificity of Morbillivirus Hemagglutinins to Recognize SLAM of Different Species. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080761. [PMID: 31430904 PMCID: PMC6722581 DOI: 10.3390/v11080761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) are highly contagious and deadly, forming part of the morbillivirus genus. The receptor recognition by morbillivirus hemagglutinin (H) is important for determining tissue tropism and host range. Recent reports largely urge caution as regards to the potential expansion of host specificities of morbilliviruses. Nonetheless, the receptor-binding potential in different species of morbillivirus H proteins is largely unknown. Herein, we show that the CDV-H protein binds to the dog signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM), but not to the human, tamarin, or mouse SLAM. In contrast, MV-H can bind to human, tamarin and dog SLAM, but not to that of mice. Notably, MV binding to dog SLAM showed a lower affinity and faster kinetics than that of human SLAM, and MV exhibits a similar entry activity in dog SLAM- and human SLAM-expressing Vero cells. The mutagenesis study using a fusion assay, based on the MV-H–SLAM complex structure, revealed differences in tolerance for the receptor specificity between MV-H and CDV-H. These results provide insights into H-SLAM specificity related to potential host expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Fukuhara
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuri Ito
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sako
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mizuho Kajikawa
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Fumio Seki
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Mwila Hilton Mwaba
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Higashibata
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Ose
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kuroki
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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Prajapati M, Alfred N, Dou Y, Yin X, Prajapati R, Li Y, Zhang Z. Host Cellular Receptors for the Peste des Petits Ruminant Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:E729. [PMID: 31398809 DOI: 10.3390/v11080729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des Petits Ruminant (PPR) is an important transboundary, OIE-listed contagious viral disease of primarily sheep and goats caused by the PPR virus (PPRV), which belongs to the genus Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. The mortality rate is 90–100%, and the morbidity rate may reach up to 100%. PPR is considered economically important as it decreases the production and productivity of livestock. In many endemic poor countries, it has remained an obstacle to the development of sustainable agriculture. Hence, proper control measures have become a necessity to prevent its rapid spread across the world. For this, detailed information on the pathogenesis of the virus and the virus host interaction through cellular receptors needs to be understood clearly. Presently, two cellular receptors; signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) and Nectin-4 are known for PPRV. However, extensive information on virus interactions with these receptors and their impact on host immune response is still required. Hence, a thorough understanding of PPRV receptors and the mechanism involved in the induction of immunosuppression is crucial for controlling PPR. In this review, we discuss PPRV cellular receptors, viral host interaction with cellular receptors, and immunosuppression induced by the virus with reference to other Morbilliviruses.
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Tadokoro T, Jahan ML, Ito Y, Tahara M, Chen S, Imai A, Sugimura N, Yoshida K, Saito M, Ose T, Hashiguchi T, Takeda M, Fukuhara H, Maenaka K. Biophysical characterization and single-chain Fv construction of a neutralizing antibody to measles virus. FEBS J 2019; 287:145-159. [PMID: 31287622 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The measles virus (MV) is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. We previously established a mouse monoclonal antibody, 2F4, which shows high neutralizing titers against eight different genotypes of MV. However, the molecular basis for the neutralizing activity of the 2F4 antibody remains incompletely understood. Here, we have evaluated the binding characteristics of a Fab fragment of the 2F4 antibody. Using the MV infectious assay, we demonstrated that 2F4 Fab inhibits viral entry via either of two cellular receptors, SLAM and Nectin4. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis of recombinant proteins indicated that 2F4 Fab interacts with MV hemagglutinin (MV-H) with a KD value at the nm level. Furthermore, we designed a single-chain Fv fragment of 2F4 antibody as another potential biopharmaceutical to target measles. The stable 2F4 scFv was successfully prepared by the refolding method and shown to interact with MV-H at the μm level. Like 2F4 Fab, scFv inhibited receptor binding and viral entry. This indicates that 2F4 mAb uses the receptor-binding site and/or a neighboring region as an epitope with high affinity. These results provide insight into the neutralizing activity and potential therapeutic use of antibody fragments for MV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tadokoro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mst Lubna Jahan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuri Ito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Maino Tahara
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Surui Chen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Imai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Sugimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koki Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Saito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Ose
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Ebrahimabadi S, Shahbazi M, Akbari M, Golalipour M, Farazmandfar T. Design and construction of a recombinant lentiviral vector with specific tropism to human epidermal growth factor-overexpressed cancer cells: Developing a new retargeting system for lentivirus vectors. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3095. [PMID: 31050357 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting of specific tissues and cells by viruses is one of the challenges faced by researchers. Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are one of the most promising gene delivery systems in cancer gene therapy. Therefore, we aimed to design a novel lentiviral delivery system that expresses anti- human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) designed anykrin repeat protein (DARPin) on the vector envelope to create a pseudotyped lentivirus for targeting HER2-positive cancer cells. METHODS A helper plasmid producing the viral vector envelope containing anti-HER2 DARPin-G3 was constructed. LV was produced by transfer vector containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and helper plasmids in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. The human breast cancer cell lines SKBR3 (normal and with inhibited endocytosis) (HER2-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (HER2-negative) were transduced by the recombinant viral vector. The GFP-based transduction rate was determined by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS The anti-HER2 DARPin concentration in DARPin-LVs was significantly higher than the envelope G glycoprotein of the vesicular stomatitis virus-LVs (non-anti-HER2 control) (p < 0.0001). In flow cytometry assays, the percentage of transduction by recombinant LV was significantly higher in SKBR3 cells than in SKBR3 cells with inhibited endocytosis (p = 0.0074) and MDA-MB-231 cells (p = 0.0037). In fluorescence microscopy assays, the percentage of transduction by new LV was significantly higher in SKBR3 cells than in SKBR3 cells with inhibited endocytosis (p = 0.0026) and MDA-MB-231 cells (p = 0.0014). CONCLUSIONS We constructed a new recombinant LV with a defect in cell entry directly, containing an anti-HER2 DARPin on the vector envelope with specific tropism to HER2 receptor on HER2-positive cancer cells. We assumed that this viral vector transduces cells via an endocytosis-dependent process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Ebrahimabadi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Majid Shahbazi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mona Akbari
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoud Golalipour
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Touraj Farazmandfar
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Msaouel P, Opyrchal M, Dispenzieri A, Peng KW, Federspiel MJ, Russell SJ, Galanis E. Clinical Trials with Oncolytic Measles Virus: Current Status and Future Prospects. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 18:177-187. [PMID: 28228086 DOI: 10.2174/1568009617666170222125035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated Edmonston lineage measles virus (MV-Edm) vaccine strains can preferentially infect and lyse a wide variety of cancer cells. Oncolytic MV-Edm derivatives are genetically engineered to express the human carcinoembryonic antigen (MV-CEA virus) or the human sodium iodide symporter (MV-NIS virus) and are currently being tested in clinical trials against ovarian cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, multiple myeloma, mesothelioma, head and neck cancer, breast cancer and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. This review describes the basic and preclinical data that facilitated the clinical translation of MV-Edm strains, and summarizes the clinical results of this oncolytic platform to date. Furthermore, we discuss the latest clinically relevant MV-Edm vector developments and creative strategies for future translational steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Msaouel
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, 1400 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0463, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mateusz Opyrchal
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Angela Dispenzieri
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kah Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mark J Federspiel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stephen J Russell
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Evanthia Galanis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Naaman H, Rabinski T, Yizhak A, Mizrahi S, Avni YS, Taube R, Rager B, Weinstein Y, Rall G, Gopas J, Ofir R. Measles Virus Persistent Infection of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2019; 20:17-26. [PMID: 29412740 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2017.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we found that the measles virus (MV) can infect human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Wild-type MV strains generally use human signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM; CD150) as a cellular receptor, while vaccine strains such as the Edmonston strain can use both CD150 and CD46 as receptors. It is not yet known how early in the embryonal differentiation stages these receptors are expressed. We established two hiPSCs (BGU-iPSCs and EMF-iPSCs) which express CD46 and CD150. Both cell types can be infected by MV to form persistent, noncytopathic cell lines that release infectious MV particles. Following MV persistent infection, BGU-iPSCs and EMF-iPSCs remain pluripotent and can differentiate in vitro into the three germ layers. This includes cells expressing the neuronal differentiation markers: NF68 and miRNA-124. Since the MV does not integrate into the cell's genome, it can be utilized as a vehicle to systematically introduce genes into iPSC, to dissect and to define factors regulating lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Naaman
- 1 The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tatiana Rabinski
- 1 The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel .,2 Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Avi Yizhak
- 3 Department of Surgery A, Soroka University Medical Center , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Solly Mizrahi
- 3 Department of Surgery A, Soroka University Medical Center , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yonat Shemer Avni
- 1 The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel .,4 Department of Clinical Virology, Soroka University Medical Center , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ran Taube
- 1 The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Bracha Rager
- 1 The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yacov Weinstein
- 1 The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Glenn Rall
- 5 Fox Chase Cancer Center , Blood Cell Development and Function, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacob Gopas
- 1 The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel .,6 Department of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center , Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Rivka Ofir
- 1 The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel .,2 Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva, Israel
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Mantip SE, Shamaki D, Farougou S. Peste des petits ruminants in Africa: Meta-analysis of the virus isolation in molecular epidemiology studies. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2019; 86:e1-e15. [PMID: 31038322 PMCID: PMC6556936 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminant (PPR) is a highly contagious, infectious viral disease of small ruminant species which is caused by the peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), the prototype member of the Morbillivirus genus in the Paramyxoviridae family. Peste des petits ruminant was first described in West Africa, where it has probably been endemic in sheep and goats since the emergence of the rinderpest pandemic and was always misdiagnosed with rinderpest in sheep and goats. Since its discovery PPR has had a major impact on sheep and goat breeders in Africa and has therefore been a key focus of research at the veterinary research institutes and university faculties of veterinary medicine in Africa. Several key discoveries were made at these institutions, including the isolation and propagation of African PPR virus isolates, notable amongst which was the Nigerian PPRV 75/1 that was used in the scientific study to understand the taxonomy, molecular dynamics, lineage differentiation of PPRV and the development of vaccine seeds for immunisation against PPR. African sheep and goat breeds including camels and wild ruminants are frequently infected, manifesting clinical signs of the disease, whereas cattle and pigs are asymptomatic but can seroconvert for PPR. The immunisation of susceptible sheep and goats remains the most effective and practical control measure against PPR. To carry out PPR vaccination in tropical African countries with a very high temperature, a thermostable vaccine using the rinderpest lyophilisation method to the attenuated Nigeria 75/1 PPR vaccine strain has been developed, which will greatly facilitate the delivery of vaccination in the control, prevention and global eradication of PPR. Apart from vaccination, other important questions that will contribute towards the control and prevention of PPR need to be answered, for example, to identify the period when a susceptible naïve animal becomes infectious when in contact with an infected animal and when an infectious animal becomes contagious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Mantip
- Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey Calavi, Benin; and, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.
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Díaz-Delgado J, Groch KR, Sierra E, Sacchini S, Zucca D, Quesada-Canales Ó, Arbelo M, Fernández A, Santos E, Ikeda J, Carvalho R, Azevedo AF, Lailson-Brito J, Flach L, Ressio R, Kanamura CT, Sansone M, Favero C, Porter BF, Centelleghe C, Mazzariol S, Di Renzo L, Di Francesco G, Di Guardo G, Catão-Dias JL. Comparative histopathologic and viral immunohistochemical studies on CeMV infection among Western Mediterranean, Northeast-Central, and Southwestern Atlantic cetaceans. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213363. [PMID: 30893365 PMCID: PMC6426187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a major natural cause of morbidity and mortality in cetaceans worldwide and results in epidemic and endemic fatalities. The pathogenesis of CeMV has not been fully elucidated, and questions remain regarding tissue tropism and the mechanisms of immunosuppression. We compared the histopathologic and viral immunohistochemical features in molecularly confirmed CeMV-infected Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) from the Southwestern Atlantic (Brazil) and striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Northeast-Central Atlantic (Canary Islands, Spain) and the Western Mediterranean Sea (Italy). Major emphasis was placed on the central nervous system (CNS), including neuroanatomical distribution of lesions, and the lymphoid system and lung were also examined. Eleven Guiana dolphins, 13 striped dolphins, and 3 bottlenose dolphins were selected by defined criteria. CeMV infections showed a remarkable neurotropism in striped dolphins and bottlenose dolphins, while this was a rare feature in CeMV-infected Guiana dolphins. Neuroanatomical distribution of lesions in dolphins stranded in the Canary Islands revealed a consistent involvement of the cerebrum, thalamus, and cerebellum, followed by caudal brainstem and spinal cord. In most cases, Guiana dolphins had more severe lung lesions. The lymphoid system was involved in all three species, with consistent lymphoid depletion. Multinucleate giant cells/syncytia and characteristic viral inclusion bodies were variably observed in these organs. Overall, there was widespread lymphohistiocytic, epithelial, and neuronal/neuroglial viral antigen immunolabeling with some individual, host species, and CeMV strain differences. Preexisting and opportunistic infections were common, particularly endoparasitism, followed by bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. These results contribute to understanding CeMV infections in susceptible cetacean hosts in relation to factors such as CeMV strains and geographic locations, thereby establishing the basis for future neuro- and immunopathological comparative investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Díaz-Delgado
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Kátia R. Groch
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eva Sierra
- Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Simona Sacchini
- Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Daniele Zucca
- Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Óscar Quesada-Canales
- Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Manuel Arbelo
- Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Institute for Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Elitieri Santos
- Laboratory of Aquatic Mammals and Bioindicators: Profa Izabel M. G. do N. Gurgel’(MAQUA), Faculty of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Joana Ikeda
- Laboratory of Aquatic Mammals and Bioindicators: Profa Izabel M. G. do N. Gurgel’(MAQUA), Faculty of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael Carvalho
- Laboratory of Aquatic Mammals and Bioindicators: Profa Izabel M. G. do N. Gurgel’(MAQUA), Faculty of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre F. Azevedo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Mammals and Bioindicators: Profa Izabel M. G. do N. Gurgel’(MAQUA), Faculty of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jose Lailson-Brito
- Laboratory of Aquatic Mammals and Bioindicators: Profa Izabel M. G. do N. Gurgel’(MAQUA), Faculty of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Flach
- Projeto Boto cinza, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ressio
- Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL)–Pathology Center, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Sansone
- Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL)–Pathology Center, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Favero
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Brian F. Porter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Hygiene (BCA), University of Padova, Agripolis, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Hygiene (BCA), University of Padova, Agripolis, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Ludovica Di Renzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Francesco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G.Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Guardo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Località Piano d'Accio, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
This review discusses current clinical advancements in oncolytic viral therapy, with a focus on the viral platforms approved for clinical use and highlights the benefits each platform provides. Three oncolytic viruses (OVs), an echovirus, an adenovirus, and a herpes simplex-1 virus, have passed governmental regulatory approval in Latvia, China, and the USA and EU. Numerous other recombinant viruses from diverse families are in clinical testing in cancer patients and we highlight the design features of selected examples, including adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, measles virus, retrovirus, reovirus, vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus. Lastly, we provide thoughts on the path forward for this rapidly expanding field especially in combination with immune modulating drugs.
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Abstract
Increased measles immunization has led to a significant decline in measles incidence and mortality. During 2016 it is estimated that fewer than 100,000 died from measles for the first time in recorded history. In highly immunized countries measles epidemiology has changed. Threats to national elimination goals and public health include aging cohorts of naïve people that exist from imperfect vaccination rates during the early years of immunization programs. This may be complemented by some loss of immunity in vaccinated populations. While childhood immunization must remain a focus for control efforts, due to higher mortality in the very young, these naïve adolescents and adults also accumulate as they age and add to the pool of susceptible people, perhaps beyond the view of those that are focused on childhood immunization. Here, features of measles epidemiology and control in highly immunized populations are reviewed, providing global data where necessary, to highlight why countries with high immunization coverage are still threatened by measles outbreaks and how changing dynamics may alter disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T S Hayman
- a Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre (IDReC), Hopkirk Research Institute , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand
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Mascia C, Pozzetto I, Kertusha B, Marocco R, Del Borgo C, Tieghi T, Vita S, Savinelli S, Iannetta M, Vullo V, Lichtner M, Mastroianni CM. Persistent high plasma levels of sCD163 and sCD14 in adult patients with measles virus infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198174. [PMID: 29795672 PMCID: PMC5967820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Measles is an infectious disease that represents a serious public health problem worldwide, being associated with increased susceptibility to secondary infections, especially in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. The aim of this study was to evaluate sCD163 and sCD14 levels in measles virus (MV) infected patients, as markers of immune activation, in order to better understand their role in the pathogenesis of the disease. TNF-α plasma levels were also evaluated. METHODS sCD163, sCD14 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA in plasma samples of 27 MV infected patients and 27 healthy donors (HD) included as controls. RESULTS At the time of hospital admission, sCD163 and sCD14 levels were significantly higher in MV infected patients than in HD, while a decrease in TNF-α levels were found even if without statistical significance. sCD163 and sCD14 levels were significantly decreased after two months from acute infection compared to hospital admission although they remained significantly higher compared to HD. TNF-α levels increased significantly during the follow-up period. Considering clinical parameters, sCD163 levels positively correlated with aspartate aminotransferase, white blood cell count and neutrophils rate, while negatively correlated with the lymphocyte percentage. sCD14 levels positively correlated with the neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that, despite the resolution of symptoms, an important macrophage/monocyte activation persists in measles patients, even after two months from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mascia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Pozzetto
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University, S. M. Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Blerta Kertusha
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University, S. M. Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Raffaella Marocco
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University, S. M. Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Cosmo Del Borgo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University, S. M. Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Tieghi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University, S. M. Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Serena Vita
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University, S. M. Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Stefano Savinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Iannetta
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Lichtner
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University, S. M. Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
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Long L, Liu J, Lu K, Zhang T, Xie Y, Ji Y, Wu X. Highly sensitive and robust peroxidase-like activity of Au-Pt core/shell nanorod-antigen conjugates for measles virus diagnosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:46. [PMID: 29720232 PMCID: PMC5930499 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a promising candidate for artificial enzymes, catalytically active nanomaterials show several advantages over natural enzymes, such as controlled synthesis at low cost, tunability of catalytic activities, and high stability under stringent conditions. Rod-shaped Au-Pt core/shell nanoparticles (Au@Pt NRs), prepared by Au nanorod-mediated growth, exhibit peroxidase-like activities and could serve as an inexpensive replacement for horseradish peroxidase, with potential applications in various bio-detections. The determination of measles virus is accomplished by a capture-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using Au@Pt NR-antigen conjugates. RESULTS Based on the enhanced catalytic properties of this nanozyme probe, a linear response was observed up to 10 ng/mL measles IgM antibodies in human serum, which is 1000 times more sensitive than commercial ELISA. CONCLUSIONS Hence, these findings provide positive proof of concept for the potential of Au@Pt NR-antigen conjugates in the development of colorimetric biosensors that are simple, robust, and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Long
- Zaozhuang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zaozhuang, 277100, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- College of Opto-electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Kaishun Lu
- Zaozhuang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zaozhuang, 277100, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Zaozhuang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zaozhuang, 277100, China
| | - Yunqing Xie
- Zaozhuang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zaozhuang, 277100, China
| | - Yinglu Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaochun Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Khan A, Saleemi MK, Ali F, Abubakar M, Hussain R, Abbas RZ, Khan IA. Pathophysiology of peste des petits ruminants in sheep (Dorper & Kajli) and goats (Boer & Beetal). Microb Pathog 2018; 117:139-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hutzler S, Erbar S, Jabulowsky RA, Hanauer JRH, Schnotz JH, Beissert T, Bodmer BS, Eberle R, Boller K, Klamp T, Sahin U, Mühlebach MD. Antigen-specific oncolytic MV-based tumor vaccines through presentation of selected tumor-associated antigens on infected cells or virus-like particles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16892. [PMID: 29203786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant vaccine strain-derived measles virus (MV) is clinically tested both as vaccine platform to protect against other pathogens and as oncolytic virus for tumor treatment. To investigate the potential synergism in anti-tumoral efficacy of oncolytic and vaccine properties, we chose Ovalbumin and an ideal tumor antigen, claudin-6, for pre-clinical proof of concept. To enhance immunogenicity, both antigens were presented by retroviral virus-like particle produced in situ during MV-infection. All recombinant MV revealed normal growths, genetic stability, and proper expression and presentation of both antigens. Potent antigen-specific humoral and cellular immunity were found in immunized MV-susceptible IFNAR-/--CD46Ge mice. These immune responses significantly inhibited metastasis formation or increased therapeutic efficacy compared to control MV in respective novel in vivo tumor models using syngeneic B16-hCD46/mCLDN6 murine melanoma cells. These data indicate the potential of MV to trigger selected tumor antigen-specific immune responses on top of direct tumor lysis for enhanced efficacy.
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Kleinlützum D, Hanauer JDS, Muik A, Hanschmann KM, Kays SK, Ayala-Breton C, Peng KW, Mühlebach MD, Abel T, Buchholz CJ. Enhancing the Oncolytic Activity of CD133-Targeted Measles Virus: Receptor Extension or Chimerism with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Are Most Effective. Front Oncol 2017; 7:127. [PMID: 28695108 PMCID: PMC5483446 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance and tumor recurrence are often linked to a small refractory and highly tumorigenic subpopulation of neoplastic cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). A putative marker of CSCs is CD133 (prominin-1). We have previously described a CD133-targeted oncolytic measles virus (MV-CD133) as a promising approach to specifically eliminate CD133-positive tumor cells. Selectivity was introduced at the level of cell entry by an engineered MV hemagglutinin (H). The H protein was blinded for its native receptors and displayed a CD133-specific single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) as targeting domain. Interestingly, MV-CD133 was more active in killing CD133-positive tumors than the unmodified MV-NSe despite being highly selective for its target cells. To further enhance the antitumoral activity of MV-CD133, we here pursued arming technologies, receptor extension, and chimeras between MV-CD133 and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). All newly generated viruses including VSV-CD133 were highly selective in eliminating CD133-positive cells. MV-CD46/CD133 killed in addition CD133-negative cells being positive for the MV receptors. In an orthotopic glioma model, MV-CD46/CD133 and MVSCD-CD133, which encodes the super cytosine deaminase, were most effective. Notably, VSV-CD133 caused fatal neurotoxicity in this tumor model. Use of CD133 as receptor could be excluded as being causative. In a subcutaneous tumor model of hepatocellular cancer, VSV-CD133 revealed the most potent oncolytic activity and also significantly prolonged survival of the mice when injected intravenously. Compared to MV-CD133, VSV-CD133 infected a more than 104-fold larger area of the tumor within the same time period. Our data not only suggest new concepts and approaches toward enhancing the oncolytic activity of CD133-targeted oncolytic viruses but also raise awareness about careful toxicity testing of novel virus types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Kleinlützum
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia D S Hanauer
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Alexander Muik
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Sarah-Katharina Kays
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Kah-Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michael D Mühlebach
- Product Testing of Immunological Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Tobias Abel
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Christian J Buchholz
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Bennett KM, Rooijakkers SHM, Gorham RD. Let's Tie the Knot: Marriage of Complement and Adaptive Immunity in Pathogen Evasion, for Better or Worse. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:89. [PMID: 28197139 PMCID: PMC5281603 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is typically regarded as an effector arm of innate immunity, leading to recognition and killing of microbial invaders in body fluids. Consequently, pathogens have engaged in an arms race, evolving molecules that can interfere with proper complement responses. However, complement is no longer viewed as an isolated system, and links with other immune mechanisms are continually being discovered. Complement forms an important bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. While its roles in innate immunity are well-documented, its function in adaptive immunity is less characterized. Therefore, it is no surprise that the field of pathogenic complement evasion has focused on blockade of innate effector functions, while potential inhibition of adaptive immune responses (via complement) has been overlooked to a certain extent. In this review, we highlight past and recent developments on the involvement of complement in the adaptive immune response. We discuss the mechanisms by which complement aids in lymphocyte stimulation and regulation, as well as in antigen presentation. In addition, we discuss microbial complement evasion strategies, and highlight specific examples in the context of adaptive immune responses. These emerging ties between complement and adaptive immunity provide a catalyst for future discovery in not only the field of adaptive immune evasion but in elucidating new roles of complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaila M Bennett
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suzan H M Rooijakkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ronald D Gorham
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
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Achinko DA, Dormer A, Narayanan M, Norman EF, Abbas M. Identification of genetic pathways driving Ebola virus disease in humans and targets for therapeutic intervention. F1000Res 2016. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9778.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: LCK gene, also known as lymphocyte-specific proto-oncogene, is expressed in lymphocytes, and associated with coordinated expression of MHC class I and II in response to physiological stimuli, mediated through a combined interaction of promoters, suppressors, and enhancers. Differential usage of LCK promoters, transcribes dysfunctional transcript variants leading to leukemogenesis and non-induction of MHC class I gene variants. Viruses use C-type lectins, like CD209, to penetrate the cell, and inhibit Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR), hence evading immune destruction. Given that Ebolavirus (EBOV) disease burden could result from a dysfunctional LCK pathway, identification of the genetic pathway leading to proper immune induction is a major priority. Methods: Data for EBOV related virus samples were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database and RMEAN information per gene per sample were entered into a table of values. R software v.3.3.1 was used to process differential expression patterns across samples for LCK, CD209 and immune-related genes. Principal component analysis (PCA) using ggbiplot v.0.55 was used to explain the variance across samples. Results: Data analyses identified three viral clusters based on transmission patterns as follows: LCK-CD209 dependent, LCK-dependent specific to EBOV, and CD209 dependent. Compared to HLA class II gene variants, HLA class I (A, B and C) variants were <2 fold expressed, especially for EBOV samples. PCA analyses classified TYRO3, TBK1 and LCK genes independent of the data, leading to identification of a possible pathway involving LCK, IL2, PI3k, TBK1, TYRO3 and MYB genes with downstream induction of immune T-cells. Discussion: This is the first study undertaken to understand the non-functional immune pathway, leading to EBOV disease pathogenesis and high fatality rates. Our lab currently exploits, through cutting edge genetic technology to understand the interplay of identified genes required for proper immune induction. This will guide antiviral therapy and possible markers for viral disease identification during outbreaks.
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Abstract
The development of prophylactic vaccines remains largely empirical in nature and rarely have general rules been applied in the strategic decision and the formulation of a viral vaccine. Currently, there are a total of 15 virus agents from 12 unique virus families with vaccines licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Extensive structural information on these viral particles and potential mechanisms of protection are available for the majority of these virus pathogens and their respective vaccines. Here I review the quantitative features of these viral surface antigens in relation to the molecular mechanisms of B-cell activation and point out a potential correlation between the density of immunogenic proteins displayed on the surface of the vaccine antigen carrier and the success of a vaccine. These features help us understand the humoral immunity induced by viral vaccines on a quantitative ground and re-emphasize the importance of antigen density on the activation of the immune system. Although the detailed mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain to be explored, it implies that both the size of antigen carriers and the density of immunogenic proteins displayed on these carriers are important parameters that may need to be optimized for the formulation of a vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
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Qi F, Wang D, Liu J, Zeng S, Xu L, Hu H, Liu B. Respiratory macrophages and dendritic cells mediate respiratory syncytial virus-induced IL-33 production in TLR3- or TLR7-dependent manner. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 29:408-415. [PMID: 26603638 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can increase the production of IL-33 in lungs of mice. However, little is known about cellular source of IL-33, particularly the types of IL-33-producing cells in innate immune cells during RSV infection. In this study, by using BALB/c mice that were infected intranasally with RSV, it became clear that RSV infection can enhance not only the number of IL-33(+)-alveolar macrophages (AMs) and dendritic cells (DCs), but also the expression of IL-33 mRNA in these cells, suggesting that innate immune cells participate in the production of IL-33. Indeed, in vitro experiments by using murine cell lines found that RSV infection results in more expression of IL-33 mRNA in AMs and DCs, further confirming that these cell types may be an important source of IL-33 during RSV infection. It should be noted that the expression of mRNA for TLR3 and TLR7 was up-regulated in pulmonary AMs during RSV infection. Blockade of TLRs by TLR3 or TLR7 antagonist significantly reduces the levels of IL-33 mRNA in AMs and DCs, suggesting that RSV-induced IL-33 production might be TLRs-dependent manner. Although the expression of TLRs mRNA in pulmonary interstitial macrophages (IMs) was enhanced after RSV infection, stimulation with agonists or inactivated RSV cannot alter the expression of IL-33 mRNA in IMs, suggesting that pulmonary IMs may not be a source of IL-33 during RSV infection. Thus, these results demonstrate that during RSV infection, respiratory macrophages and dendritic cells mediate the production of IL-33 in a TLR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Qi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sheng Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Beixing Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Kumar N, Barua S, Thachamvally R, Tripathi BN. Systems Perspective of Morbillivirus Replication. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 26:389-400. [DOI: 10.1159/000448842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems biology refers to system-wide changes in biological components such as RNA/DNA (genomics), protein (proteomics) and lipids (lipidomics). In this review, we provide comprehensive information about morbillivirus replication. Besides discussing the role of individual viral/host proteins in virus replication, we also discuss how systems-level analyses could improve our understanding of morbillivirus replication, host-pathogen interaction, immune response and disease resistance. Finally, we discuss how viroinformatics is likely to provide important insights for understanding genome-genome, genome-protein and protein-protein interactions.
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Zeng SZ, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Xie LY, Xiong J, Yu T, Xie ZP, Gao HC, Duan ZJ. Identification of 12 Cases of Acute Measles Encephalitis Without Rash: Table 1. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63:1630-1633. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Laksono BM, de Vries RD, McQuaid S, Duprex WP, de Swart RL. Measles Virus Host Invasion and Pathogenesis. Viruses 2016; 8:E210. [PMID: 27483301 PMCID: PMC4997572 DOI: 10.3390/v8080210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Measles virus is a highly contagious negative strand RNA virus that is transmitted via the respiratory route and causes systemic disease in previously unexposed humans and non-human primates. Measles is characterised by fever and skin rash and usually associated with cough, coryza and conjunctivitis. A hallmark of measles is the transient immune suppression, leading to increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. At the same time, the disease is paradoxically associated with induction of a robust virus-specific immune response, resulting in lifelong immunity to measles. Identification of CD150 and nectin-4 as cellular receptors for measles virus has led to new perspectives on tropism and pathogenesis. In vivo studies in non-human primates have shown that the virus initially infects CD150⁺ lymphocytes and dendritic cells, both in circulation and in lymphoid tissues, followed by virus transmission to nectin-4 expressing epithelial cells. The abilities of the virus to cause systemic infection, to transmit to numerous new hosts via droplets or aerosols and to suppress the host immune response for several months or even years after infection make measles a remarkable disease. This review briefly highlights current topics in studies of measles virus host invasion and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta M Laksono
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, BT7 1NN Belfast, UK.
| | - W Paul Duprex
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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