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Cedzyński M, Świerzko AS. Collectins and ficolins in neonatal health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1328658. [PMID: 38193083 PMCID: PMC10773719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1328658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system starts to develop early in embryogenesis. However, at birth it is still immature and associated with high susceptibility to infection. Adaptation to extrauterine conditions requires a balance between colonization with normal flora and protection from pathogens. Infections, oxidative stress and invasive therapeutic procedures may lead to transient organ dysfunction or permanent damage and perhaps even death. Newborns are primarily protected by innate immune mechanisms. Collectins (mannose-binding lectin, collectin-10, collectin-11, collectin-12, surfactant protein A, surfactant protein D) and ficolins (ficolin-1, ficolin-2, ficolin-3) are oligomeric, collagen-related defence lectins, involved in innate immune response. In this review, we discuss the structure, specificity, genetics and role of collectins and ficolins in neonatal health and disease. Their clinical associations (protective or pathogenic influence) depend on a variety of variables, including genetic polymorphisms, gestational age, method of delivery, and maternal/environmental microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Cedzyński
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
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Gaździcka J, Gołąbek K, Hudy D, Miśkiewicz-Orczyk K, Zięba N, Tynior W, Asman M, Misiołek M, Strzelczyk JK. Selected SNPs of FCN2 Associated with Chronic Tonsillitis in the Polish Adult Population. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020242. [PMID: 36833169 PMCID: PMC9956357 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic tonsillitis is a problem related to bacterial and viral infections. Ficolins play a key role in the defence against various pathogens. In the present study, we investigated the associations between the selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FCN2 gene and chronic tonsillitis in the Polish population. The study included 101 patients with chronic tonsillitis and 101 healthy individuals. The selected SNPs of FCN2 (rs3124953, rs17514136 and rs3124954) were genotyped using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays (Applied Biosystem, Foster City, CA, USA). The analysis of rs17514136 and rs3124953 showed no significant differences in genotype frequencies between the chronic tonsillitis patients and controls (p > 0.01). The CT genotype of rs3124954 was significantly more frequent, while the CC genotype was less frequent in chronic tonsillitis patients (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively). The frequency of the A/G/T haplotype (rs17514136/rs3124953/rs3124954) was significantly more common in chronic tonsillitis patients (p = 0.0011). Moreover, the FCN2 CT genotype of rs3124954 was associated with a higher risk of chronic tonsillitis, while the CC genotype of rs3124954 decreased this risk. Our findings demonstrate that FCN2 rs3124954 may be associated with chronic tonsillitis in the Polish adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Gaździcka
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina Gołąbek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dorota Hudy
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miśkiewicz-Orczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 10 C Skłodowskiej Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Natalia Zięba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 10 C Skłodowskiej Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wojciech Tynior
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Asman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maciej Misiołek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 10 C Skłodowskiej Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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Association of the FCN2 Gene Promoter Region Polymorphisms with Very Low Birthweight in Preterm Neonates. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315336. [PMID: 36499663 PMCID: PMC9740280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) localised to the promoter region of the FCN2 gene are known to influence the concentration of ficolin-2 in human serum and therefore potentially have clinical associations. We investigated the relationships between SNPs at positions −986 (A > G), −602 (G > A), −64 (A > C) and −4 (A > G) and clinical complications in 501 preterms. Major alleles at positions −986 and −64 and A/A homozygosity for both polymorphisms were less frequent among babies with very low birthweight (VLBW, ≤1500 g) compared with the reference group (OR = 0.24, p = 0.0029; and OR = 0.49, p = 0.024, respectively for A/A genotypes). A lower frequency of G/G homozygosity at position −4 was associated with gestational age <33 weeks and VLBW (OR = 0.38, p = 0.047; and OR = 0.07, p = 0.0034, respectively). The AGAG haplotype was protective for VLBW (OR = 0.6, p = 0.0369), whilst the GGCA haplotype had the opposite effect (OR = 2.95, p = 0.0249). The latter association was independent of gestational age. The AGAG/GGAA diplotype favoured both shorter gestational age and VLBW (OR = 1.82, p = 0.0234 and OR = 1.95, p = 0.0434, respectively). In contrast, AGAG homozygosity was protective for lower body mass (OR = 0.09, p = 0.0155). Our data demonstrate that some FCN2 variants associated with relatively low ficolin-2 increase the risk of VLBW and suggest that ficolin-2 is an important factor for fetal development/intrauterine growth.
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Smolnikova MV, Tereshchenko SY. Proteins of the lectin pathway of the complement system activation: immunobiological functions, genetics and involvement in the pathogenesis of human diseases. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2022. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-pot-1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is the most ancient components in the innate immunity, mainly functioning to primarily eliminate bacterial agents intravascularly. Moreover, the complement complex proteins play a role as a bridge between the systems of innate and adaptive immunity providing adequate conditions for maturation and differentiation of B- and T-lymphocytes. The complement system consists of plasma proteins and membrane receptors. Plasma proteins interact with each other via the three described cascade pathways lectin (which is most ancient phylogenetically), alternative and classical. Lectins are proteins comprising a separate superfamily of pattern-recognizing receptors able to sense molecules of oligo- and polysaccharide nature and induce their aggregation. Among all the lectins, ficolins (FCN) (common domain fibrinogen) and collectins (common domain collagen) mannose-binding lectin (MBL), hepatic and renal collectins have exert unique functions by complexing with carbohydrate components of microbial wall. Formation of a compound complex microbial wall polysaccharides + collectin/ficolin + specific mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MARP) results in the complement system activation, inflammatory reaction and bacterium elimination. Such scenario is proceeded along the lectin pathway compared to the two other pathways called classical and alternative. Examining a role of the complement system and congenital protein defects in the pathogenesis of various diseases is of topical interest because inborn deficiency of the complement components comprises at least 5% out of total primary immunodeficiency rate, whereas the aspects of their prevalence and pathogenesis remain unexplored. Relevance of investigating the complement system components for diverse populations is tremendous, taking into consideration accumulated evidence regarding an important role of the lectin pathway in viral infections. Lectins, the main proteins in the lectin pathway of the complement activation, are encoded by polymorphic genes, wherein single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) result in altered protein conformation and expression, which, in turn, affects functionality and potential to respond to a pathogen. The distribution of the lectin polymorphic gene frequencies and their haplotypes displays extremely marked population differences. According to analyzing available data, population SNP frequencies including those associated with inborn deficiencies for components of the lectin pathway have been currently scarce or unexplored. hence, here we review major lectins and their functions, their functionally significant SNPs in diverse populations and their pathogenetic importance for host defense functions.
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Świerzko AS, Jarych D, Gajek G, Chojnacka K, Kobiela P, Kufelnicka-Babout M, Michalski M, Sobczuk K, Szala-Poździej A, Matsushita M, Mazela J, Domżalska-Popadiuk I, Kilpatrick DC, Kalinka J, Sekine H, Cedzyński M. Polymorphisms of the FCN2 Gene 3'UTR Region and Their Clinical Associations in Preterm Newborns. Front Immunol 2021; 12:741140. [PMID: 34777352 PMCID: PMC8581395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.741140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficolin-2 is regarded as an important innate immunity factor endowed with both lectin (carbohydrate recognition) qualities and ability to induce complement activation. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the FCN2 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) polymorphisms with ficolin-2 expression and perinatal complications in preterm neonates. The sequencing analysis allowed us to identify six 3'UTR polymorphisms with minor allele frequency (MAF) >1%: rs4521835, rs73664188, rs11103564, rs11103565, rs6537958 and rs6537959. Except for rs4521835, all adhered to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Moreover, rs6537958 and rs6537959 were shown to be in perfect linkage disequilibrium (LD) with nine other genetic polymorphisms: rs7040372, rs7046516, rs747422, rs7847431, rs6537957, rs6537960, rs6537962, rs11462298 and rs7860507 together stretched on a distance of 1242 bp and very high LD with rs11103565. The 3'UTR region was shown to bind nuclear extract proteins. The polymorphisms at rs4521835 and rs73664188 were found to influence serum ficolin-2 concentration significantly. All polymorphisms identified create (together with exon 8 polymorphism, rs7851696) two haplotype blocks. Among 49 diplotypes (D1-D49) created from rs7851696 (G>T), rs4521835 (T>G), rs73664188 (T>C), rs11103564 (T>C), rs11103565 (G>A) and rs6537959 (T>A), twenty two occurred with frequency >1%. Two diplotypes: D13 (GTTTGT/GGTCGT) and D10 (GTTTGT/GGTCGA), were significantly more frequent among preterm neonates with early onset of infection and pneumonia, compared with newborns with no infectious complications (OR 2.69 and 2.81, respectively; both p<0.05). The minor (C) allele at rs73664188 was associated with an increased risk of very low (≤1500 g) birthweight (OR=1.95, p=0.042) but was associated with the opposite effect at rs11103564 (OR=0.11, p=0.005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Świerzko
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jarych
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| | - Gabriela Gajek
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| | - Karolina Chojnacka
- Department of Newborns’ Infectious Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paulina Kobiela
- Department of Neonatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maja Kufelnicka-Babout
- Department of Perinatology, First Chair of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Mateusz Michalski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sobczuk
- Department of Perinatology, First Chair of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szala-Poździej
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| | - Misao Matsushita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Jan Mazela
- Department of Newborns’ Infectious Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - David C. Kilpatrick
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, National Science Laboratory, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jarosław Kalinka
- Department of Perinatology, First Chair of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Hideharu Sekine
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Maciej Cedzyński
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
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Immel A, Key FM, Szolek A, Barquera R, Robinson MK, Harrison GF, Palmer WH, Spyrou MA, Susat J, Krause-Kyora B, Bos KI, Forrest S, Hernández-Zaragoza DI, Sauter J, Solloch U, Schmidt AH, Schuenemann VJ, Reiter E, Kairies MS, Weiß R, Arnold S, Wahl J, Hollenbach JA, Kohlbacher O, Herbig A, Norman PJ, Krause J. Analysis of genomic DNA from medieval plague victims suggests long-term effect of Yersinia pestis on human immunity genes. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:4059-4076. [PMID: 34002224 PMCID: PMC8476174 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens and associated outbreaks of infectious disease exert selective pressure on human populations, and any changes in allele frequencies that result may be especially evident for genes involved in immunity. In this regard, the 1346-1353 Yersinia pestis-caused Black Death pandemic, with continued plague outbreaks spanning several hundred years, is one of the most devastating recorded in human history. To investigate the potential impact of Y. pestis on human immunity genes we extracted DNA from 36 plague victims buried in a mass grave in Ellwangen, Germany in the 16th century. We targeted 488 immune-related genes, including HLA, using a novel in-solution hybridization capture approach. In comparison with 50 modern native inhabitants of Ellwangen, we find differences in allele frequencies for variants of the innate immunity proteins Ficolin-2 and NLRP14 at sites involved in determining specificity. We also observed that HLA-DRB1*13 is more than twice as frequent in the modern population, whereas HLA-B alleles encoding an isoleucine at position 80 (I-80+), HLA C*06:02 and HLA-DPB1 alleles encoding histidine at position 9 are half as frequent in the modern population. Simulations show that natural selection has likely driven these allele frequency changes. Thus, our data suggests that allele frequencies of HLA genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity responsible for extracellular and intracellular responses to pathogenic bacteria, such as Y. pestis, could have been affected by the historical epidemics that occurred in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Immel
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix M Key
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - András Szolek
- Applied Bioinformatics, Dept. for Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Barquera
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Madeline K Robinson
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, CO 80045, USA
| | - Genelle F Harrison
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, CO 80045, USA
| | - William H Palmer
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, CO 80045, USA
| | - Maria A Spyrou
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Susat
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ben Krause-Kyora
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kirsten I Bos
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephen Forrest
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Diana I Hernández-Zaragoza
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Immunogenetics Unit, Técnicas Genéticas Aplicadas a la Clínica (TGAC), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Verena J Schuenemann
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ella Reiter
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Madita S Kairies
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, WG Palaeoanthropology, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Weiß
- State Office for Cultural Heritage Management, Stuttgart Regional Council, Berliner Strasse 12, 73728 Esslingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Arnold
- State Office for Cultural Heritage Management, Stuttgart Regional Council, Berliner Strasse 12, 73728 Esslingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Wahl
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, WG Palaeoanthropology, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.,State Office for Cultural Heritage Management, Stuttgart Regional Council, Berliner Strasse 12, 73728 Esslingen, Germany
| | - Jill A Hollenbach
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Applied Bioinformatics, Dept. for Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Quantitative Biology Center, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Translational Bioinformatics, University Hospital Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Biomolecular Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Herbig
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul J Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, CO 80045, USA
| | - Johannes Krause
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Cedzyński M, Świerzko AS. Components of the Lectin Pathway of Complement in Haematologic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1792. [PMID: 32635486 PMCID: PMC7408476 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is activated cascadically via three distinct major routes: classical pathway (CP), alternative pathway (AP) or lectin pathway (LP). The unique factors associated with the latter are collectins (mannose-binding lectin, collectin-10, collectin-11), ficolins (ficolin-1, ficolin-2, ficolin-3) and proteins of the mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease (MASP) family (MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3, MAp19, MAp44). Collectins and ficolins are both pattern-recognising molecules (PRM), reactive against pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP). The MASP family proteins were first discovered as complexes with mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and therefore named MBL-associated serine proteases, but later, they were found to interact with ficolins, and later still, collectin-10 and collectin-11. As well as proteolytic enzymes (MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3), the group includes non-enzymatic factors (MAp19, MAp44). In this review, the association-specific factors of the lectin pathway with haematologic malignancies and related infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Cedzyński
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 92-232 Łódź, Poland;
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8
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Sokołowska A, Świerzko AS, Gajek G, Gołos A, Michalski M, Nowicki M, Szala-Poździej A, Wolska-Washer A, Brzezińska O, Wierzbowska A, Jamroziak K, Kowalski ML, Thiel S, Matsushita M, Jensenius JC, Cedzyński M. Associations of ficolins and mannose-binding lectin with acute myeloid leukaemia in adults. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10561. [PMID: 32601370 PMCID: PMC7324623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated clinical associations of ficolins and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in 157 patients suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Concentrations of ficolin-1, ficolin-2, ficolin-3 and MBL (before chemotherapy) in serum were determined as were selected polymorphisms of the corresponding genes (FCN1, FCN2, FCN3 and MBL2). The control group (C) consisted of 267 healthy unrelated individuals. Median level of ficolin-1 in patients was lower (p < 0.000001) while median levels of ficolin-2, ficolin-3 and MBL were higher (p < 0.000001, p < 0.000001 and p = 0.0016, respectively) compared with controls. These findings were generally associated with AML itself, however the highest MBL levels predicted higher risk of severe hospital infections (accompanied with bacteremia and/or fungaemia) (p = 0.012) while the lowest ficolin-1 concentrations tended to be associated with prolonged (> 7 days) fever (p = 0.026). Genotyping indicated an association of G/G homozygosity (corresponding to FCN1 gene - 542 G > A polymorphism) with malignancy [p = 0.004, OR = 2.95, 95% CI (1.41-6.16)]. Based on ROC analysis, ficolin-1, -2 and -3 may be considered candidate supplementary biomarkers of AML. Their high potential to differentiate between patients from non-malignant controls but also from persons suffering from other haematological cancers (multiple myeloma and lymphoma) was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sokołowska
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna S Świerzko
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Gabriela Gajek
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gołos
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, I. Gandhi 14, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Michalski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Nowicki
- Department of Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Łódź Comprehensive Cancer Center and Traumatology, Pabianicka 62, 93-513, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szala-Poździej
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Wolska-Washer
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Łódź, Ciołkowskiego 2, 93-510, Lodz, Poland
| | - Olga Brzezińska
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Łódź, Pieniny 30, 92-003, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbowska
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Łódź, Ciołkowskiego 2, 93-510, Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jamroziak
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, I. Gandhi 14, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek L Kowalski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Misao Matsushita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Jens C Jensenius
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maciej Cedzyński
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland.
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Świerzko AS, Michalski M, Sokołowska A, Nowicki M, Szala-Poździej A, Eppa Ł, Mitrus I, Szmigielska-Kapłon A, Sobczyk-Kruszelnicka M, Michalak K, Gołos A, Wierzbowska A, Giebel S, Jamroziak K, Kowalski ML, Brzezińska O, Thiel S, Matsushita M, Jensenius JC, Gajek G, Cedzyński M. Associations of Ficolins With Hematological Malignancies in Patients Receiving High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantations. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3097. [PMID: 32047495 PMCID: PMC6997528 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A prospective study of 312 patients [194 with multiple myeloma (MM) and 118 with lymphomas (LYMPH)] receiving high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) was conducted. Ficolins are innate immune defense factors, able to distinguish between "self" "abnormal self," and "non-self" and contribute to the elimination of the last two by direct opsonization and/or initiation of complement activation via the lectin pathway. Concentrations of ficolin-1, ficolin-2, and ficolin-3 in serially taken serum samples were determined as were the polymorphisms of the corresponding (FCN1, FCN2, and FCN3) genes. Serum samples were collected before conditioning chemotherapy, before HSCT, and once weekly post-HSCT (four to five samples in total); some patients were also sampled at 1 and/or 3 months post-transplantation. The control group (C) consisted of 267 healthy unrelated individuals. Median ficolin-1 and ficolin-2 (but not ficolin-3) levels in MM patients' sera taken before chemotherapy were lower (and correspondingly frequencies of the lowest concentrations were higher) compared with controls. That appeared to be associated with the malignant disease itself rather than with post-HSCT complications (febrile neutropenia, infections accompanied, or not with bacteremia). Higher frequencies of the FCN1 genotype G/A-C/C-G/G (corresponding to polymorphisms at positions -542, -144, and +6658, respectively) and FCN2 gene heterozygosity for the -857 C>A polymorphism were found among patients diagnosed with MM compared with the C group. Furthermore, FCN2 G/G homozygosity (-557 A>G) was found more frequently and heterozygosity G/T at +6424 less frequently among LYMPH patients than among the healthy subjects. Heterozygosity for +1637delC mutation of the FCN3 gene was more common among patients diagnosed with lymphomas who experienced hospital infections. Although no evidence for an association of low ficolin-1 or ficolin-2 with infections during neutropenia following chemotherapy before HSCT was found, we observed a possible protective effect of ficolins during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Świerzko
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Michalski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódz, Poland
| | - Anna Sokołowska
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Nowicki
- Department of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center and Traumatology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Łódz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szala-Poździej
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Eppa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódz, Poland
| | - Iwona Mitrus
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology, Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Sobczyk-Kruszelnicka
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology, Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalak
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology, Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gołos
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Sebastian Giebel
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology, Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jamroziak
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek L. Kowalski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Olga Brzezińska
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódz, Łódz, Poland
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Łódz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Misao Matsushita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | | | - Gabriela Gajek
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódz, Poland
| | - Maciej Cedzyński
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódz, Poland
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Kobayashi T, Kuronuma K, Saito A, Ikeda K, Ariki S, Saitou A, Otsuka M, Chiba H, Takahashi S, Takahashi M, Takahashi H. Insufficient serum L-ficolin is associated with disease presence and extent of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease. Respir Res 2019; 20:224. [PMID: 31638993 PMCID: PMC6805425 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of infectious disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria is increasing worldwide. Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease is difficult to treat with chemotherapy, and its mechanism of infection, infection route, disease onset, and severity remain unknown. Ficolins are oligomeric defense lectins. L-ficolin plays an important role in innate immunity. This study's aim was to identify L-ficolin's role in patients with pulmonary MAC disease. METHODS Between April 2011 and September 2017, 61 Japanese patients with pulmonary MAC disease were seen at our hospital. A control group, comprising 30 healthy individuals, without respiratory disease were enrolled in our study. The relationship between serum L-ficolin levels and disease severity was assessed, and L-ficolin's antibacterial role was examined. RESULTS Serum L-ficolin levels were significantly lower in patients with pulmonary MAC disease than in healthy subjects (1.69 ± 1.27 μg/ml vs. 3.96 ± 1.42 μg/ml; p < 0.001). The cut-off value, based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis results, was 2.48 μg/ml (area under the curve (AUC) 0.90, sensitivity and specificity 83.6 and 86.7%, respectively). Serum L-ficolin levels were significantly lower in the patients with nodular bronchiectatic type disease compared with the patients with fibrocavitary type disease and were lower in the high-resolution computed tomography high-scoring group compared with low-scoring group. An in vitro analysis showed that purified recombinant L-ficolin bound to M. avium and its major cell wall component, lipoarabinomannan, in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, recombinant L-ficolin suppressed M. avium growth in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Insufficient serum L-ficolin is associated with disease progression in pulmonary MAC disease, and the level of serum L-ficolin is a possible biomarker. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered with UMIN ( UMIN000022392 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Kobayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Koji Kuronuma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kimiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ariki
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saitou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Otsuka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Chiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Motoko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
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11
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Bidula S, Sexton DW, Schelenz S. Ficolins and the Recognition of Pathogenic Microorganisms: An Overview of the Innate Immune Response and Contribution of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:3205072. [PMID: 30868077 PMCID: PMC6379837 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3205072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficolins are innate pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and play integral roles within the innate immune response to numerous pathogens throughout the circulation, as well as within organs. Pathogens are primarily removed by direct opsonisation following the recognition of cell surface carbohydrates and other immunostimulatory molecules or via the activation of the lectin complement pathway, which results in the deposition of C3b and the recruitment of phagocytes. In recent years, there have been a number of studies implicating ficolins in the recognition and removal of numerous bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pathogens. Moreover, there has been expanding evidence highlighting that mutations within these key immune proteins, or the possession of particular haplotypes, enhance susceptibility to colonization by pathogens and dysfunctional immune responses. This review will therefore encompass previous knowledge on the role of ficolins in the recognition of bacterial and viral pathogens, while acknowledging the recent advances in the immune response to fungal and parasitic infections. Additionally, we will explore the various genetic susceptibility factors that predispose individuals to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bidula
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Darren W. Sexton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Silke Schelenz
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
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12
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Association of ficolin-2 (FCN2) functional polymorphisms and protein levels with rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: relationship with cardiac function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3:e142-e155. [PMID: 30775605 PMCID: PMC6374577 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2018.80999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A role for ficolin (FCN) 2 gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of recurrent severe streptococcal infections and rheumatic carditis has been suggested. The aim of the study was to evaluate a possible relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms located at positions -602 and -4 of the FCN2 gene and FCN2 serum levels and risk of development of rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Material and methods Seventy-seven Caucasian Egyptian patients with RF were recruited with a control group of 43 healthy subjects. DNA was extracted for analysis of the FCN2 gene at positions -602 and -4 and serum protein level was measured by ELISA. Results FCN2 AA genotype at the -4 position was more frequently observed in RF and RHD patients, as compared to healthy subjects (p = 0.005 and p = 0.013, respectively); furthermore, the A allele was identified as a possible risk factor for the development of RF (p = 0.023, OR = 1.852, 95% CI: 1.085–3.159). The haplotype –602/–4 G/A, which was associated with low median levels of L-ficolin, was observed more frequently in the RF group when compared to the healthy subjects (74/162, 48.1% vs. 29/420, 33.7%, OR = 1.834, 95% CI: 1.034–3.252, p = 0.038). Low serum ficolin-2 level was associated with ESV and EDV increases. FCN 2 level was significantly lower with AA genotypes than GG+AG genotypes of the -4 position (56.68 ±17.90 vs. 66.05 ±18.79, p = 0.008). Conclusions Polymorphisms linked to low levels of L-ficolin may render an individual at risk of recurrent and/or severe streptococcal infection. The -4 AA genotype and -602/-4 G/A haplotype are possible risk factors for the development of carditis.
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13
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Goicoechea de Jorge E, López Lera A, Bayarri-Olmos R, Yebenes H, Lopez-Trascasa M, Rodríguez de Córdoba S. Common and rare genetic variants of complement components in human disease. Mol Immunol 2018; 102:42-57. [PMID: 29914697 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variability in the complement system and its association with disease has been known for more than 50 years, but only during the last decade have we begun to understand how this complement genetic variability contributes to the development of diseases. A number of reports have described important genotype-phenotype correlations that associate particular diseases with genetic variants altering specific aspects of the activation and regulation of the complement system. The detailed functional characterization of some of these genetic variants provided key insights into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these pathologies, which is facilitating the design of specific anti-complement therapies. Importantly, these analyses have sometimes revealed unknown features of the complement proteins. As a whole, these advances have delineated the functional implications of genetic variability in the complement system, which supports the implementation of a precision medicine approach based on the complement genetic makeup of the patients. Here we provide an overview of rare complement variants and common polymorphisms associated with disease and discuss what we have learned from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Goicoechea de Jorge
- Department of Immunology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto López Lera
- Research Institute Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain; Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hugo Yebenes
- Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Pathology and Complement Genetics Unit. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Pathology and Complement Genetics Unit. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Dabrowska-Zamojcin E, Czerewaty M, Malinowski D, Tarnowski M, Słuczanowska-Głabowska S, Domanski L, Safranow K, Pawlik A. Ficolin-2 Gene rs7851696 Polymorphism is Associated with Delayed Graft Function and Acute Rejection in Kidney Allograft Recipients. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2018; 66:65-72. [PMID: 28536887 PMCID: PMC5767214 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ficolin-2 is an activator of the complement system that acts via the lectin pathway. Complement activation plays a substantial role in the renal injury inherent to kidney transplantation. In this study, we examined the associations between ficolin-2 gene polymorphisms in exon 8 and kidney allograft function. This study comprised 270 Caucasian deceased-donor renal transplant recipients. The following parameters were recorded in each case: delayed graft function (DGF), acute rejection (AR), and chronic allograft dysfunction. Among patients with DGF, we observed a significantly increased frequency of rs7851696 GT and TT genotypes as well as T allele (TT + GT vs GG OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.12-3.48, p = 0.02; T vs G OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.27-3.41, p = 0.005). There was also an increased frequency of rs4521835 GG and TG genotypes as well as G alleles; however, these differences were on the borderline of statistical significance (GG + TG vs TT, OR 1.75, 95% CI 0.98-3.12, p = 0.07; G vs T OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.00-2.09, p = 0.050). In addition, we observed an increased frequency of acute allograft rejection in carriers of ficolin-2 rs7851696 T alleles on the borderline of statistical significance (TT + GT vs GG OR 1.75, 95% CI 0.97-3.16, p = 0.08), but the frequency of T allele was significantly higher in patients with AR (T vs G OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.02-2.87, p = 0.048). The results of our study suggest that ficolin-2 rs7851696 gene polymorphism influences kidney allograft functions, with T allele increasing the risk of DGF and AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Dabrowska-Zamojcin
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michal Czerewaty
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Damian Malinowski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Leszek Domanski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
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15
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Marzetti V, Di Battista C, Ferrante R, Carlucci L, Balsamo M, Stuppia L, Lapergola G, Antonucci I, Chiarelli F, Breda L. MBL2 and FCN2 gene polymorphisms in a cohort of Italian children with rheumatic fever: A case-control study. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2017; 47:264-268. [PMID: 28576308 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mannose-binding lectins and human ficolins are pattern-recognition proteins involved in innate immunity. A role for MBL2 and FCN2 gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of recurrent severe streptococcal infections and rheumatic carditis has been suggested. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of MBL2 and FCN2 gene polymorphisms (SNPs) in children with a history of rheumatic fever (RF) and to investigate their possible role in RF clinical presentation and disease course. METHODS A total of 50 Caucasian patients with RF were recruited with a control group of 52 healthy children. DNA was extracted for analysis of MBL2 gene (exon 1, codons: 52, 54, and 57) and FCN2 gene (promoter region at position -986, -602, and -4). RESULTS The FCN2 AG genotype at the -986 position was more frequently observed in patients, as compared to healthy subjects (p = 0.006); furthermore, the A allele was identified as a possible risk factor for the development of RF (OR = 7.14, CI: 2.439-20.89). Conversely, the GG genotype at the same position was observed more frequently in the control group and can be considered a protective factor for the development of the disease (p = 0.001, OR = 8.37, 95% CI: 2.763-25.33). In addition, the FCN2 GG and AG genotypes in the -4 position were also found to be protective factors for the development of RF and for carditis respectively (OR = 3.32, CI: 1.066-10.364; OR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.037-0.566). Finally, the AA genotype in the -602 position was associated with a late onset of RF (p = 0.006). The analysis of the MBL2 gene only resulted in a higher frequency of the AA genotype on position 57 in controls as compared to patients (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study evaluating the FCN2 gene polymorphisms in patients with RF and rheumatic carditis finding a protective effect of -986 GG and -4 GG genotypes in the development of RF and the -4 AG genotype for the development of carditis. Our data do not support a possible role for MBL2 polymorphisms in the pathogenesis and in the clinical manifestations of RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Marzetti
- Department of Paediatrics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Ferrante
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Leonardo Carlucci
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, Psychometric Laboratory, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Michela Balsamo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, Psychometric Laboratory, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lapergola
- Department of Paediatrics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Ivana Antonucci
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Paediatrics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Luciana Breda
- Department of Paediatrics, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
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Kasperkiewicz K, Eppa Ł, Świerzko AS, Bartłomiejczyk MA, Żuber ZM, Siniewicz-Luzeńczyk K, Mężyk E, Matsushita M, Bąk-Romaniszyn L, Zeman K, Skurnik M, Cedzyński M. Lectin pathway factors in patients suffering from juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:666-675. [PMID: 28405017 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both complement activation and certain infections (including those with Yersinia sp.) may contribute to the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We investigated factors specific for the lectin pathway of complement: mannose-binding lectin (MBL), ficolins and MBL-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2), in 144 patients and 98 controls. One hundred and six patients had oligoarticular disease and 38 had polyarticular disease. In 51 patients (out of 133 tested), Yersinia-reactive antibodies were found (JIA Ye+ group). MBL deficiency was significantly more frequent in the JIA Ye+ group than in patients without Yersinia-reactive antibodies or in controls. Median serum ficolin-2 level was significantly lower (and proportion of values deemed ficolin-2 insufficient greater) in JIA patients irrespective of their Yersinia antibody status. The minority (C) allele at -64 of the FCN2 gene was less frequent among JIA patients than among control subjects. No differences were found in the frequency of FCN3 gene +1637delC or MASP2 +359 A>G mutations nor for median values of serum ficolin-1, ficolin-3 or MASP-2. However, high levels of serum ficolin-3 were under-represented in patients, in contrast to MBL. MBL, ficolin-1, ficolin-2, ficolin-3 and MASP-2 were also readily detectable in synovial fluid samples but at a considerably lower level than in serum. Our findings suggest a possible role for the lectin pathway in the pathogenesis of JIA, perhaps secondary to a role in host defence, and indicate that investigations on the specificity of lectin pathway recognition molecules towards specific infectious agents in JIA might be fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kasperkiewicz
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Microbiology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Eppa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna S Świerzko
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin A Bartłomiejczyk
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew M Żuber
- Department of Rheumatology, St Louis Voivodeship Specialist Children's Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Siniewicz-Luzeńczyk
- Department of Paediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Mężyk
- Department of Rheumatology, St Louis Voivodeship Specialist Children's Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - Misao Matsushita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Leokadia Bąk-Romaniszyn
- Department of Nutrition in Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zeman
- Department of Paediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Research Programs Unit, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Immunobiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital Laboratory Diagnostics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maciej Cedzyński
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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17
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Smolnikova MV, Freidin MB, Tereshchenko SY. The prevalence of the variants of the L-ficolin gene (FCN2) in the arctic populations of East Siberia. Immunogenetics 2017; 69:409-413. [PMID: 28391359 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-017-0984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
L-ficolin encoded by FCN2 gene is a crucial factor of defence against infection in humans. We studied the prevalence of the two common variants (rs17549193 and rs7851696) in aboriginal and alien populations of the Taymyr-Dolgan-Nenets region of Krasnoyarskiy Kray, East Siberia, Russia (Nenets, Dolgans, Nganasans, Russians). We found a decreased prevalence of the rs17549193*T allele in all aboriginal populations as compared to Russians. Also, its frequency was the lowest in the Nenets among the studied populations, while frequency of the rs7851696*T allele was increased in this population. The results suggest that the Arctic populations of East Siberia are characterised by specificity of genetic make-up responsible for the activity of L-ficolin. Clinical and epidemiological studies are required to discover if these genetic features correlate with the infant infectious morbidity in East Siberian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Smolnikova
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of medical problems of the North, Partizana Zheleznyaka street, 3G, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 660022
| | - Maxim B Freidin
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk NRMC, 10 Nab. Ushaiki, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
| | - Sergey Yu Tereshchenko
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of medical problems of the North, Partizana Zheleznyaka street, 3G, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 660022.
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Addobbati C, de Azevêdo Silva J, Tavares NAC, Monticielo O, Xavier RM, Brenol JCT, Crovella S, Chies JAB, Sandrin-Garcia P. Ficolin Gene Polymorphisms in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Hum Genet 2016; 80:1-6. [PMID: 26464189 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythemathosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are complex autoimmune diseases characterized by an immune balance breakdown and by chronic inflammation. Several findings link SLE and RA development with the complement system and ficolin components have emerged as candidates for disease development. Since genetic association studies with ficolin genes in SLE and RA have not yet been conducted in a Brazilian population, the aim of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms of ficolin-1(FCN1) and ficolin-2 (FCN2) genes are associated with SLE and RA susceptibility as well as disease manifestation. Two SNPs within FCN1 (rs2989727 and 1071583) and three in FCN2 (rs17514136, rs3124954, and rs7851696) were studied in 208 SLE and184 RA patients as well as 264 healthy individuals in a Southeast Brazilian population. For SLE patients, the FCN2 rs17514136 SNP was associated with a more severe disease (SLICC) (p = 0.0067). Furthermore, an association between the occurrence of nephritis and the T/T genotype for FCN2 rs3124954 SNP (p = 0.047, OR = 3.17, 95%CI = 1.34-7.5) was observed. No association was observed between the studied polymorphisms and RA development. Thus, our data support involvement of the FCN2 gene in the SLE phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Addobbati
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de Azevêdo Silva
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Nathália A C Tavares
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Odirlei Monticielo
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Xavier
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Carlos T Brenol
- Division of Rheumatology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - José Artur B Chies
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paula Sandrin-Garcia
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Xu DD, Wang C, Jiang F, Wei LL, Shi LY, Yu XM, Liu CM, Liu XH, Feng XM, Ping ZP, Jiang TT, Chen ZL, Li ZJ, Li JC. Association of the FCN2 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138356. [PMID: 26379154 PMCID: PMC4574923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficolin-2 (FCN2) is an innate immune pattern recognition molecule that can activate the complement pathway, opsonophagocytosis, and elimination of the pathogens. The present study aimed to investigate the association of the FCN2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). A total of seven SNPs in exon 8 (+6359 C>T and +6424 G>T) and in the promoter region (-986 G>A, -602 G>A, -557 A>G, -64 A>C and -4 A>G) of the FCN2 gene were genotyped using the PCR amplification and DNA sequencing methods in the healthy controls group (n = 254) and the pulmonary TB group (n = 282). The correlation between SNPs and pulmonary TB was analyzed using the logistic regression method. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the distribution of allelic frequencies of seven SNPs between the pulmonary TB group and the healthy controls group. However, the frequency of the variant homozygous genotype (P = 0.037, -557 A>G; P = 0.038, -64 A>C; P = 0.024, +6424 G>T) in the TB group was significantly lower than the control group. After adjustment for age and gender, these variant homozygous genotypes were found to be recessive models in association with pulmonary TB. In addition, -64 A>C (P = 0.047) and +6424 G>T (P = 0.03) were found to be codominant models in association with pulmonary TB. There was strong linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.80, P < 0.0001) between 7 SNPs except the -602 G>A site. Therefore, -557 A>G, -64 A>C and +6424 G>T SNPs of the FCN2 gene were correlated with pulmonary TB, and may be protective factors for TB. This study provides a novel idea for the prevention and control of TB transmission from a genetics perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Xu
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Li-Liang Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing 312000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ying Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Ming Liu
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Hong Liu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Min Feng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical College, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Peng Ping
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Jiang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Liang Chen
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Jie Li
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
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Mishra A, Antony JS, Sundaravadivel P, Tong HV, Meyer CG, Jalli RD, Velavan TP, Thangaraj K. Association of Ficolin-2 Serum Levels and FCN2 Genetic Variants with Indian Visceral Leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125940. [PMID: 25965808 PMCID: PMC4428791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), one of the neglected tropical diseases, is endemic in the Indian subcontinent. Ficolins are circulating serum proteins of the lectin complement system and involved in innate immunity. METHODS We have estimated ficolin-2 serum levels and analyzed the functional variants of the encoding gene FCN2 in 218 cases of VL and in 225 controls from an endemic region of India. RESULTS Elevated levels of serum ficolin-2 were observed in VL cases compared to the controls (adjusted P<0.0001). The genetic analysis revealed that the FCN2 structural variant +6359 C>T (p.T236M) was associated with VL (OR=2.2, 95% CI=1.23-7.25, P=0.008) and with high ficolin-2 serum levels. We also found that the FCN2*AAAC haplotype occurred more frequently among healthy controls when compared to cases (OR=0.59, 95%CI=0.37-0.94, P=0.023). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the FCN2 variant +6359C>T is associated with the occurrence of VL and that ficolin-2 serum levels are elevated in Leishmania infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Mishra
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Justin S. Antony
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pandarisamy Sundaravadivel
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hoang Van Tong
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian G. Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reshma D. Jalli
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Medicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Kumarasamy Thangaraj
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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21
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Endo Y, Matsushita M, Fujita T. New insights into the role of ficolins in the lectin pathway of innate immunity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 316:49-110. [PMID: 25805122 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the innate immune system, a variety of recognition molecules provide the first-line host defense to prevent infection and maintain endogenous homeostasis. Ficolin is a soluble recognition molecule, which senses pathogen-associated molecular patterns on microbes and aberrant sugar structures on self-cells. It consists of a collagen-like stalk and a globular fibrinogen-like domain, the latter binding to carbohydrates such as N-acetylglucosamine. Ficolins have been widely identified in animals from higher invertebrates to mammals. In mammals, ficolins form complexes with mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASPs), and ficolin-MASP complexes trigger complement activation via the lectin pathway. Once activated, complement mediates many immune responses including opsonization, phagocytosis, and cytokine production. Although the precise function of each ficolin is still under investigation, accumulating information suggests that ficolins have a crucial role in host defense by recognizing a variety of microorganisms and interacting with effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Endo
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Radioisotope Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Misao Matsushita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Teizo Fujita
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima General Hygiene Institute, Fukushima, Japan
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22
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Metzger ML, Michelfelder I, Goldacker S, Melkaoui K, Litzman J, Guzman D, Grimbacher B, Salzer U. Low ficolin-2 levels in common variable immunodeficiency patients with bronchiectasis. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:256-64. [PMID: 25251245 PMCID: PMC4298403 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) encompasses a heterogeneous group of antibody deficiencies characterized by susceptibility to recurrent infections and sequelae, including bronchiectasis. We investigated the relevance of the lectin complement pathway in CVID patients by analysing ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 serum levels and genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FCN2 and FCN3 genes. Our results show that ficolin-2 levels in CVID patients are significantly lower (P < 0.0001) than in controls. The lowest ficolin-2 levels are found in CVID patients with bronchiectasis (P = 0.0004) and autoimmunity (P = 0.04). Although serum levels of ficolin-3 were similar in CVID patients and controls, CVID patients with bronchiectasis again showed lower levels when compared to controls (P = 0.0001). Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FCN2 gene confirmed known influences on ficolin-2 serum levels, but did not support a genetic basis for the observed ficolin-2 deficiency in CVID. We found that CVID patients with bronchiectasis have very low levels of ficolin-2. The reason for the deficiency of ficolin-2 in CVID and any possible causal relationship is currently unknown. However, as bronchiectasis is a very important factor for morbidity and mortality in CVID, ficolin-2 could also serve as biomarker for monitoring disease complications such as bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-L Metzger
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
| | - I Michelfelder
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
| | - S Goldacker
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
| | - K Melkaoui
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
| | - J Litzman
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's University HospitalBrno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk UniversityBrno, Czech Republic
| | - D Guzman
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Royal Free Hospital, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - B Grimbacher
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Royal Free Hospital, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - U Salzer
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre FreiburgFreiburg, Germany
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23
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Bronkhorst MWGA, Lomax MAZ, Vossen RHAM, Bakker J, Patka P, van Lieshout EMM. Risk of infection and sepsis in severely injured patients related to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the lectin pathway. Br J Surg 2013; 100:1818-26. [PMID: 24227370 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious complications remain a serious threat to patients with multiple trauma. Susceptibility and response to infection is, in part, heritable. The lectin pathway plays a major role in innate immunity. The aim of this study was to assess whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in three key genes within the lectin pathway affect susceptibility to infectious complications in severely injured patients. METHODS A prospective cohort of severely injured patients admitted to a level I trauma centre between January 2008 and April 2011 were genotyped for SNPs in MBL2 (mannose-binding lectin 2), MASP2 (MBL-associated serine protease 2) and FCN2 (ficolin 2). Association of genotype with prevalence of positive culture findings and infection was tested by χ(2) and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 219 patients were included, of whom 112 (51·1 per cent) developed a positive culture from sputum, wounds, blood or urine. A systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) developed in 139 patients (63·5 per cent), sepsis in 79 (36·1 per cent) and septic shock in 37 (16·9 per cent). Patients with a MBL2 exon 1 variant allele were more prone to positive wound cultures (odds ratio (OR) 2·51, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·12 to 5·62; P = 0·025). A MASP2 Y371D DD genotype predisposed to SIRS (OR 4·78, 1·06 to 21·59; P = 0·042) and septic shock (OR 2·53, 1·12 to 4·33; P = 0·003). A FCN2 A258S AS genotype predisposed to positive wound cultures (OR 3·37, 1·45 to 7·85; P = 0·005) and septic shock (OR 2·18, 1·30 to 4·78; P = 0·011). CONCLUSION Severely injured patients with SNPs in MBL2, MASP2 Y371D and FCN2 A258S of the lectin pathway of complement activation are significantly more susceptible to positive culture findings, and to infectious complications, SIRS and septic shock than patients with a wildtype genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W G A Bronkhorst
- Trauma Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Haerynck F, Mahachie John JM, Van Steen K, Schelstraete P, Van daele S, Loeys B, Van Thielen M, De Canck I, Nuytinck L, De Baets F. Genetic variations in toll-like receptor pathway and lung function decline in Cystic fibrosis patients. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1649-55. [PMID: 23994582 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.08.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The toll-like receptor (TLR) family maintains pulmonary homeostasis by pathogen recognition, clearance and regulation of inflammation. Genes affecting inflammation response play a key role in modifying Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease severity. We assessed the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TLR genes (TLR1 to TLR10, CD14, lipopolyssacharide-binding protein (LBP)) on lung function in CF patients. Each SNP was tested for time-dependent effect on FEV1, using six genetic models. In addition, we investigated associations between SNP genotypes and extreme subject specific slopes of FEV1 decline. Variant alleles of polymorphisms of TLR2 rs1898830, rs5743708, and rs3804100 demonstrated a consistent association with lung disease severity (p = 0.008, p = 0.006 and p = 0.029 respectively). Patients homozygous for variant C allele of TLR5 polymorphism rs5744174 are more frequently associated with extreme fast FEV1 decline (OR: 20 (95% Confidence Interval:1.85-216.18)). Patients homozygous AA for TLR1 polymorphism rs5743551 are more frequently associated with faster decline of FEV1 compared to heterozygous genotype (OR:7.33 (95% CI:1.63-33.11). Our findings indicate that variations in TLR1, TLR2 and TLR5 genes may influence CF lung function decline. Further functional analysis is required to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of TLRs in CF lung disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Haerynck
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium.
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Szala A, Sawicki S, Swierzko AS, Szemraj J, Sniadecki M, Michalski M, Kaluzynski A, Lukasiewicz J, Maciejewska A, Wydra D, Kilpatrick DC, Matsushita M, Cedzynski M. Ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 in women with malignant and benign ovarian tumours. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:1411-9. [PMID: 23744477 PMCID: PMC3717161 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ficolins are serum pattern recognition molecules. They have opsonic properties and are able to activate complement via the lectin pathway. This paper reports investigations concerning ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 in ovarian cancer (OC). Their serum levels, single nucleotide polymorphisms of the corresponding FCN2 and FCN3 genes and specific mRNA expression in ovarian sections were investigated in 128 patients suffering from primary OC and 197 controls operated on for reasons other than malignancies. The latter consisted of two reference groups: those with benign tumours (n = 123) and those with normal ovaries (NO) (n = 74). Serum ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 concentrations were higher among patients with malignant disease when compared with either of the reference groups. A significant correlation between ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 concentrations was found, while no correlations with CA125 antigen or CRP were observed. No differences in the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms at sites -64, -4 (promoter), +6359, or +6424 (exon 8) (FCN2 gene) nor in the frame-shift mutation 1637delC (FCN3 gene) were found between investigated groups. In contrast to serum concentrations, the expression of FCN2 gene (reported for the first time in ovarian sections) was significantly lower in women with OC in comparison with patients with NO but not with benign ovarian tumours. In case of FCN3 gene, its expression levels in OC group inversely correlated with serum ficolin-3 and were lower in comparison with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szala
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sambor Sawicki
- Chair and Department of Gynaecology, Oncologic Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Kliniczna 1a, 80-402 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna St. Swierzko
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Sniadecki
- Chair and Department of Gynaecology, Oncologic Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Kliniczna 1a, 80-402 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Michalski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
- Institute of Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kaluzynski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Polish Mother`s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Lukasiewicz
- Department of Immunochemistry, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Maciejewska
- Department of Immunochemistry, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wydra
- Chair and Department of Gynaecology, Oncologic Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Kliniczna 1a, 80-402 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - David C. Kilpatrick
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, National Science Laboratory, Ellen’s Glen Road, Edinburgh, EH17 7QT Scotland UK
| | - Misao Matsushita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292 Japan
| | - Maciej Cedzynski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
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26
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Kilpatrick DC, St Swierzko A, Matsushita M, Domzalska-Popadiuk I, Borkowska-Klos M, Szczapa J, Cedzynski M. The relationship between FCN2 genotypes and serum ficolin-2 (L-ficolin) protein concentrations from a large cohort of neonates. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:867-71. [PMID: 23619474 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human FCN2 gene codes for ficolin-2 (L-ficolin), a major pattern recognition molecule and activator of the lectin pathway of complement. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms of this gene were investigated in a large series of cord blood DNA samples. Mutations from the majority to the minority alleles at -602, -4 and +6359 were associated with an increase, while mutations at -986, -557, -64 and +6424 were associated with a decrease, in protein concentration. Full (7 loci) genotypes were obtained for 1229 unrelated neonates, 12 sets of twin siblings and one set of triplets. Forty-four separate genotypes were detected. Four genotypes accounted for more than half the unrelated neonates, and >90% had one of the 12 commonest genotypes. Genotypes were associated with significant differences in mean serum ficolin-2, but the intra-genotype concentration ranges were large and greater than the inter-genotype differences. Consequently, there were no associations between genotypes and low birthweight babies or perinatal infections, and only a weak relationship with preterm deliveries, despite all three adverse pregnancy features being significantly associated with serum ficolin-2 protein. FCN2 genotyping may be of value in clinical studies, but not as a substitute for total serum ficolin-2 protein measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Kilpatrick
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, National Science Laboratory, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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Szala A, St. Swierzko A, Cedzynski M. Cost-effective procedures for genotyping of human FCN2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms. Immunogenetics 2013; 65:439-46. [PMID: 23525825 PMCID: PMC3651822 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-013-0696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
L-ficolin (ficolin-2) is a complement-activating pattern-recognition lectin taking part in the innate immune response. Both its serum concentration and sugar binding capacity are influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the corresponding FCN2 gene. Cost-effective and simple procedures, based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism for an investigation of four FCN2 SNPs are proposed: -64 A > C (rs7865453), -4 A > G (rs17514136; both located in the promoter region), +6359 C > T (rs17549193), +6424 G > T (rs7851696; both in exon 8). Variant alleles of -64 and +6424 (in strong linkage disequlibrium) are known to be associated with low L-ficolin level or activity. In contrast, variant alleles at positions -4 and +6359 (also in strong linkage disequlibrium) correspond to higher values. Since several L-ficolin clinical associations have been reported, FCN2 genotyping seems to be a valuable tool for disease association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szala
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna St. Swierzko
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Cedzynski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
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Bidula S, Kenawy H, Ali YM, Sexton D, Schwaeble WJ, Schelenz S. Role of ficolin-A and lectin complement pathway in the innate defense against pathogenic Aspergillus species. Infect Immun 2013; 81:1730-40. [PMID: 23478320 PMCID: PMC3647983 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00032-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus species are saprophytic molds causing life-threatening invasive fungal infections in the immunocompromised host. Innate immune recognition, in particular, the mechanisms of opsonization and complement activation, has been reported to be an integral part of the defense against fungi. We have shown that the complement component ficolin-A significantly binds to Aspergillus conidia and hyphae in a concentration-dependent manner and was inhibited by N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine. Calcium-independent binding to Aspergillus fumigatus and A. terreus was observed, but binding to A. flavus and A. niger was calcium dependent. Ficolin-A binding to conidia was increased under low-pH conditions, and opsonization led to enhanced binding of conidia to A549 airway epithelial cells. In investigations of the lectin pathway of complement activation, ficolin-A-opsonized conidia did not lead to lectin pathway-specific C4 deposition. In contrast, the collectin mannose binding lectin C (MBL-C) but not MBL-A led to efficient lectin pathway activation on A. fumigatus in the absence of ficolin-A. In addition, ficolin-A opsonization led to a modulation of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-8. We conclude that ficolin-A may play an important role in the innate defense against Aspergillus by opsonizing conidia, immobilizing this fungus through enhanced adherence to epithelial cells and modulation of inflammation. However, it appears that other immune pattern recognition molecules, i.e., those of the collectin MBL-C, are involved in the Aspergillus-lectin complement pathway activation rather than ficolin-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bidula
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Hany Kenawy
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Youssif M. Ali
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Darren Sexton
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Wilhelm J. Schwaeble
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Silke Schelenz
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Luz PR, Boldt ABW, Grisbach C, Kun JFJ, Velavan TP, Messias-Reason IJT. Association of L-ficolin levels and FCN2 genotypes with chronic Chagas disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60237. [PMID: 23593180 PMCID: PMC3617223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-ficolin (encoded by FCN2) binds to acetylated sugar moieties of many pathogens, including Trypanosoma cruzi, promoting their phagocytosis and lysis by the complement system. METHODS We investigated L-ficolin levels in 160 T. cruzi infected patients with chronic Chagas disease and 71 healthy individuals, and FCN2 polymorphisms (-986 G>A, -602 G>A, and -4 A>G in the promoter and A258S in exon 8) in 243 patients, being 88 indeterminate (asymptomatic), 96 with cardiac, 23 with digestive and 33 with cardiodigestive manifestations (two were unspecified) and 305 controls (135 for A258S). RESULTS Patients presented lower L-ficolin plasma levels than controls (p<0.0001). Among the different groups of cardiac commitment, individuals with moderate forms had higher L-ficolin levels than the severe forms (P = 0.039). Lower L-ficolin levels were found associated with the 258S variant in the patients (P = 0.034). We found less -4A/G heterozygotes in the cardiac patients, than in the controls (OR = 0.56 [95% CI = 0.33-0.94], P = 0.034). Heterozygote -4A/G genotypes with the 258S variant and 258SS homozygotes were nevertheless more frequent among cardiodigestive patients than in controls (OR = 14.1 [95% CI = 3.5-56.8], P = 0.0001) and in indeterminate patients (OR = 3.2 [95% CI = 1.1-9.4], P = 0.037). We also found an association of the allelic frequency of the 258S variant with cardiodigestive Chagas disease compared to controls (OR = 2.24 [95% CI = 1.1-4.5], P = 0.037). Thus, decreased patient levels of L-ficolin reflect not only protein consumption due to the disease process, but also the higher frequency of the 258S variant in patients with cardiodigestive symptoms. CONCLUSION The very first study on Brazilian cohort associates both L-ficolin plasma levels and FCN2 variants to Chagas disease and subsequent disease progression. The prognostic value of L-ficolin levels and the FCN2*A258S polymorphism should be further evaluated in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola R. Luz
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular – Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Angelica B. W. Boldt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular – Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Caroline Grisbach
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular – Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jürgen F. J. Kun
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Iara J. T. Messias-Reason
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular – Departamento de Patologia Médica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Haerynck F, Van Steen K, Cattaert T, Loeys B, Van Daele S, Schelstraete P, Claes K, Van Thielen M, De Canck I, Mahachie John JM, De Baets F. Polymorphisms in the lectin pathway genes as a possible cause of early chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization in cystic fibrosis patients. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:1175-83. [PMID: 22940091 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Genes of innate immunity may be involved in early onset of chronic Pa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) colonization (cPaC) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. We studied 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 5 genes coding for proteins of the lectin complement pathway: MBL2 (Mannose binding lectin 2), MASP 1, 2, 3 (MBL-associated serine Protease) and FCN 1, 2 (Ficolin) gene in 96 CF patients. Association survival analysis using different genetic models was performed looking for an association between SNPs and age at onset of cPaC. CF patients who are MBL deficient are earlier chronic Pa colonized compared to MBL sufficient patients. Also patients with MBL2 genotype YO/YO, YO/XA, XA/XA, YA/YO and YA/XA are earlier chronic Pa colonized. CF patients heterozygous or homozygous for mutant alleles of two linked SNPs in the FCN1 gene (rs2989727 and rs1071583) are earlier colonized with Pa. Similarly, earlier onset of Pa colonization is seen in CF patients heterozygous for linked SNPs of FCN2 gene (rs7865453 and rs7851696) and MASP3 gene (rs7851696). Variants in MBL2, FCN1, FCN2 and MASP3 genes are significantly associated with earlier onset of chronic P. aeruginosa colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Haerynck
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium.
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Halmos A, Rigó J, Szijártó J, Füst G, Prohászka Z, Molvarec A. Circulating ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 169:49-56. [PMID: 22670778 PMCID: PMC3390473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ficolins are soluble molecules of the innate immune system that recognize carbohydrate molecules on microbial pathogens, apoptotic and necrotic cells. They act through two distinct routes: initiating the lectin pathway of complement activation and mediating a primitive opsonophagocytosis. In this study, we measured plasma levels of ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 in 60 pre-eclamptic patients, 60 healthy pregnant women and 59 healthy non-pregnant women by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Circulating levels of complement activation products (C4d, C3a, SC5b9), angiogenic factors (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, placental growth factor) and markers of endothelial activation (von Willebrand factor antigen), endothelial injury (fibronectin) and trophoblast debris (cell-free fetal DNA) were also determined. Plasma levels of ficolin-2 were significantly lower in healthy pregnant than in healthy non-pregnant women, while ficolin-3 levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. Furthermore, pre-eclamptic patients had significantly lower ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 concentrations than healthy non-pregnant and pregnant women. In the pre-eclamptic group, plasma ficolin-2 levels showed a significant positive correlation with serum placental growth factor (PlGF) concentrations and significant inverse correlations with serum levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, serum lactate dehydrogenase activities, as well as with plasma VWF:antigen, fibronectin and cell-free fetal DNA concentrations. In conclusion, circulating levels of ficolin-2 are decreased in the third trimester of normal pregnancy. There is a further decrease in plasma ficolin-2 concentrations in pre-eclampsia, which might contribute to the development of the maternal syndrome of the disease through impaired removal of the trophoblast-derived material released into the maternal circulation by the hypoxic and oxidatively stressed pre-eclamptic placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Halmos
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Boldt ABW, Goeldner I, de Messias-Reason IJT. Relevance of the lectin pathway of complement in rheumatic diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2012; 56:105-53. [PMID: 22397030 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394317-0.00012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to its importance both in the clearance of pathogens that contribute as rheumatic etiological agents and in the disposal of apoptotic bodies and potential autoimmune initiators, deficiencies of the components of the lectin pathway of complement have been found to increase susceptibility and modulate the severity of most rheumatic disorders. This chapter introduces the general aspects of the structure, function, and genetics of lectin pathway components and summarizes current knowledge of the field regarding rheumatic diseases predisposition and modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica B W Boldt
- Molecular Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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33
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Assaf A, Hoang TV, Faik I, Aebischer T, Kremsner PG, Kun JFJ, Velavan TP. Genetic evidence of functional ficolin-2 haplotype as susceptibility factor in cutaneous leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34113. [PMID: 22457818 PMCID: PMC3311577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ficolin-2 coded by FCN2 gene is a soluble serum protein that plays an important role in innate immunity. In this study, we analyzed five functional polymorphisms of the FCN2 gene for their possible association with cutaneous leishmaniasis. METHODS Initially we screened 40 Syrian Arabs for the entire FCN2 gene. We investigated the contribution of FCN2 functional variants in 226 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and 286 healthy controls from Syria. Polymorphisms in the promoter regions (-986G/A, -602G/A, -4A/G) of the FCN2 gene were assessed by TaqMan real time PCR, whereas polymorphisms in exon8 (+6359C/T and +6424G/T) were assessed by DNA sequencing. We also measured serum ficolin-2 levels in 70 control Syrian Arabs and correlated the serum concentrations to FCN2 genotypes and haplotypes respectively. RESULTS Nine new FCN2 variants including two with non synonymous substitutions in exon6 and exon8 were observed. The homozygous genotypes +6424T/T were distributed more in controls and none in patients (P = 0.04). The AGACG haplotype were observed more in patients than in controls (OR = 2.0, 95%CI 1.2-3.4, P = 0.006). The serum ficolin-2 levels were significantly distributed among the reconstructed ficolin-2 haplotypes (P<0.008) and the haplotype AGACG was observed with higher ficolin-2 levels in 70 control individuals. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate a significant association of FCN2 AGACG haplotype with cutaneous leishmaniasis in a Syrian Arab population. These first results provide a basis for a future study that could confirm or disprove possible relationships between FCN2 gene polymorphisms with cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Assaf
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Tong Van Hoang
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Imad Faik
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Toni Aebischer
- Robert Koch Institute; Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter G. Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen F. J. Kun
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, Tübingen, Germany
| | - T. P. Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, Tübingen, Germany
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Factors of the lectin pathway of complement activation and their clinical associations in neonates. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:363246. [PMID: 22619494 PMCID: PMC3348535 DOI: 10.1155/2012/363246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper summarizes the data concerning soluble defense lectins (mannan-binding lectin, M-ficolin, L-ficolin, and H-ficolin) with the unique ability to activate complement and their associated serine proteases (MASPs) in neonates. The clinical importance of deficiencies of these immune factors is presented in aspects of perinatal mortality, premature births, and low birthweight. Prenatal serum concentrations of L-ficolin, H-ficolin, and MASP-2 (and probably M-ficolin) correlate with gestational age and birthweight. The relationship of serum MBL to gestational age is controversial. The MBL2 genotypes XA/O and O/O (associated with low-serum MBL) are associated with perinatal infections, whereas the high serum MBL-conferring A/A genotypes may be associated with prematurity. Low-serum L-ficolin concentrations, but not low-serum H-ficolin concentrations, are also associated with perinatal infections. Much of the literature is inconsistent, and the relationships reported so far require independent confirmation at both gene and protein levels. Our preliminary conclusion is that these soluble defense lectins play a protective role in the neonate, and that insufficiency of such factors contributes to the adverse consequences of prematurity and low birthweight.
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Pan Q, Chen H, Wang F, Jeza VT, Hou W, Zhao Y, Xiang T, Zhu Y, Endo Y, Fujita T, Zhang XL. L-ficolin binds to the glycoproteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase and inhibits influenza A virus infection both in vitro and in vivo. J Innate Immun 2012; 4:312-24. [PMID: 22399010 PMCID: PMC6741490 DOI: 10.1159/000335670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
L-ficolin, one of the complement lectins found in human serum, is a novel pattern recognition molecule that can specifically bind to microbial carbohydrates, thereby activating the lectin complement pathway and mounting a protective innate immune response. However, little is known about the role of L-ficolin during viral infections in vivo. In the present study, we used a mouse model of influenza A virus infection to demonstrate that the administration of exogenous L-ficolin or ficolin A (FCNA - an L-ficolin-like molecule in the mouse) is protective against the virus. Furthermore, FCNA-null mice have a greatly increased susceptibility to infection with the influenza A virus. Moreover, we found recombinant human L-ficolin inhibited influenza A virus entry into Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. More importantly, L-ficolin can recognize and bind hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins and different subtypes of influenza A virus, and these interactions can be competitively inhibited by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. In addition, the binding of L-ficolin and FCNA may lead to the activation of the lectin complement pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that L-ficolin can block influenza virus infections both in vitro and in vivo using FCNA-knockout mice, possibly by interacting with the carbohydrates of HA and NA. Therefore, these data may provide new immunotherapeutic strategies based on the innate immune molecule L-ficolin against the influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology and Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases China, Wuhan University School of Medicine China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Haidan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology and Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases China, Wuhan University School of Medicine China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology and Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases China, Wuhan University School of Medicine China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Victor Tunje Jeza
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology and Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases China, Wuhan University School of Medicine China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Hou
- Institute of Virology, Wuhan University School of Medicine China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology and Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases China, Wuhan University School of Medicine China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Tian Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology and Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases China, Wuhan University School of Medicine China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University College of Life Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yuchi Endo
- Department of Biochemistry II, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Teizo Fujita
- Department of Biochemistry II, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology and Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases China, Wuhan University School of Medicine China, Wuhan, PR China
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Kilpatrick DC, Chalmers JD. Human L-ficolin (ficolin-2) and its clinical significance. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:138797. [PMID: 22500076 PMCID: PMC3303570 DOI: 10.1155/2012/138797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human L-ficolin (P35, ficolin-2) is synthesised in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream where it is one of the major pattern recognition molecules of plasma/serum. Like other ficolins, it consists of a collagen-like tail region linked to a fibrinogen-related globular head; a basic triplet subunit arises via a collagen-like triple helix, and this then forms higher multimers (typically a 12-mer, Mr 400K). Unlike other ficolins, it has a complex set of binding sites arranged within an internal cleft enabling it to recognise a variety of molecular patterns including acetylated sugars and certain 1,3-β-glucans. It is one of the few molecules known to activate the lectin pathway of complement. Recently, some disease association studies (at either the DNA or protein level) have implicated L-ficolin in innate immunity, where it might cooperate with pentraxins and collectins. Emerging lines of evidence point to a role for L-ficolin in respiratory immunity, where its affinity for Pseudomonas aeruginosa could be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Kilpatrick
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, National Science Laboratory, Edinburgh, UK.
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Keirstead ND, Hayes MA, Vandervoort GE, Brooks AS, Squires EJ, Lillie BN. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in collagenous lectins and other innate immune genes in pigs with common infectious diseases. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 142:1-13. [PMID: 21570129 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune recognition of pathogens involves various surface receptors and soluble proteins that precede agglutination, complement activation, phagocytosis, and the adaptive immune response. Mannan-binding lectins (MBLs), ficolins (FCNs) and surfactant protein A (SP-A) are soluble collagenous lectins that bind surface structures of various bacteria, viruses and fungi. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in collagenous lectin genes of humans and other species, including pigs, have been implicated in variation in susceptibility to infectious and inflammatory diseases. In this study we determined the frequencies of 13 SNP alleles of MBL-A, MBL-C, ficolin-α, ficolin-β, and SP-A in 1324 healthy pigs and 461 pigs diagnosed with common infectious diseases at necropsy. For comparison, we also analyzed 12 other SNP alleles in several other innate immune genes, including galectins and TLRs. Several SNPs within genes encoding porcine MBL-A, MBL-C and SP-A were more frequent in pigs diagnosed at necropsy with various diseases or pathogens. These findings suggest that several collagenous lectin SNPs are associated with disease susceptibility and therefore might be genetic markers of impaired innate immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Keirstead
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Endo Y, Matsushita M, Fujita T. The role of ficolins in the lectin pathway of innate immunity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:705-12. [PMID: 21315829 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ficolins are a family of oligomeric proteins consisting of an N-terminal collagen-like domain and a C-terminal globular fibrinogen-like domain. They are novel lectins that employ the fibrinogen-like domain as a functional domain. Ficolins specifically recognize N-acetyl compounds such as N-acetylglucosamine, components of bacterial and fungal cell walls, and certain bacteria. Like mannose-binding lectin (MBL), ficolins circulate in complexes with MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs). MASP complexes form with ficolins and MBL, thereby activating the complement through the lectin pathway. Upon binding of ficolins and MBL to carbohydrates on pathogens, MASPs convert to active forms, and subsequently activate the complement. The activated complements lead to pathogen phagocytosis, aggregation and lysis. In humans, three ficolins (L-, M- and H-ficolins) have been identified, which exhibit differences in tissue expression, protein location site, ligand-binding and bacteria-recognition, suggesting a specific role of each ficolin. In addition, these ficolins form complexes with three MASPs (MASP-1, MASP-2 and MASP-3) and two nonenzymatic proteins (sMAP and MAP-1), suggesting a highly sophisticated organization and regulated activation of the ficolin-dependent lectin pathway. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of ficolins, especially human ficolins and their mouse homologues. We also discuss their possible physiological roles in innate immunity, especially their defensive role against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Endo
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1-Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
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Cedzynski M, Atkinson APM, St Swierzko A, MacDonald SL, Szala A, Zeman K, Buczylko K, Bak-Romaniszyn L, Wiszniewska M, Matsushita M, Szemraj J, Banasik M, Turner ML, Kilpatrick DC. L-ficolin (ficolin-2) insufficiency is associated with combined allergic and infectious respiratory disease in children. Mol Immunol 2009; 47:415-9. [PMID: 19767106 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported an association between relative L-ficolin deficiency and recurrent respiratory infections co-existing with allergic disorders in children. To confirm and extend this preliminary finding, we performed a prospective study on children of a similar age (mean 8.9 years) designed to establish whether the principal relationship was with infection or allergy. Serum L-ficolin values in healthy children were normally distributed with a mean value of 3838 ng/ml. L-ficolin concentrations were generally lower in patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis with (mean 3413 ng/ml; p=0.02) or without (3512 ng/ml; p<0.07) respiratory infections, but not in patients with respiratory infections without allergic disease (3623 ng/ml; p=0.2). The lower average values in the group comprised of children with respiratory allergy and infections were largely due to a high proportion of very low values: 18.3% had values below 2150 ng/ml compared to only 5.5% of healthy controls (OR=3.9; p=0.01). This relationship was not apparent in the groups characterized by allergy without infection or infections without allergy. An association between mannan-binding lectin (MBL) insufficiency and recurrent respiratory infections was also confirmed. One of the patients was MASP-2 deficient, evidenced both by MASP2 genotyping and by lectin pathway activity measurement. In conclusion, L-ficolin may confer some protection from microorganisms that exacerbate allergic inflammation in the lung and its relative deficiency may contribute to enhanced susceptibility to respiratory infections. MBL insufficiency and MASP-2 deficiency are risk factors for recurrence of infections independently of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Cedzynski
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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Garred P, Honoré C, Ma YJ, Munthe-Fog L, Hummelshøj T. MBL2, FCN1, FCN2 and FCN3-The genes behind the initiation of the lectin pathway of complement. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:2737-44. [PMID: 19501910 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and the ficolins (Ficolin-1, Ficolin-2 and Ficolin-3) are soluble collagen-like proteins that are involved in innate immune defence. They bind sugar structures or acetylated compounds present on microorganisms and on dying host cells and they initiate activation of the lectin complement pathway in varying degrees. Common variant alleles situated both in promoter and structural regions of the human MBL gene (MBL2) influence the stability and the serum concentration of the protein. Although not as thoroughly investigated as the MBL2 gene polymorphisms the ficolin genes (FCNs) also exhibit genetic variations affecting both the serum concentration, stability and binding capacity of the corresponding proteins. Epidemiological studies have suggested that the genetically determined variations in MBL serum concentrations influence the susceptibility to and the course of different types of diseases, while the importance of the ficolins in general and the genetic variation in the FCNs genes in particular is still largely unresolved. This overview will summarize the current molecular knowledge of the human MBL2, FCN1, FCN2 and FCN3 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Garred
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Messias-Reason IJ, Schafranski MD, Kremsner PG, Kun JFJ. Ficolin 2 (FCN2) functional polymorphisms and the risk of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 157:395-9. [PMID: 19664148 PMCID: PMC2745034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficolins are pattern-recognition proteins involved in innate immunity, which upon binding to their specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns on the microbial surfaces trigger the immune response either by binding to collectin cellular receptors or by initiating the complement lectin pathway. In humans, three ficolin genes have been identified, which encode ficolin-1 (M-ficolin), ficolin-2 (L-ficolin) and ficolin-3 (H-ficolin or Hakata antigen). Ficolin-2 was shown to bind to lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall constituent in all Gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes, which is the aetiological agent of rheumatic fever (RF) and its most severe sequelae, chronic rheumatic heart disease (CRHD). Here we investigated polymorphisms in the promoter region of the FCN2 gene (at positions -986/-602 and +4) in 122 patients with RF and CRHD and in 210 healthy subjects from the same geographic region and socioeconomic background. The haplotype -986/-602/-4 G/G/A, which is related to low levels of L-ficolin, was observed more frequently in the CRHD group when compared to the healthy subjects [99/162, 61.1% versus 211/420, 50.2%, odds ratio (OR) 1.6, confidence interval (CI) 95% 1.1-2.3, P = 0.021]. The haplotype -986/-602/-4 A/G/A was observed more frequently in the healthy group when compared to the affected (RF plus CRHD) subjects (31/420, 7.4% versus 6/244, 2.5%, OR 3.2, CI 95% 0.13-0.77, P = 0.008). Based on those findings, one can conclude that polymorphisms associated with low levels of L-ficolin level may predispose an individual to recurrent and/or more severe streptococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Messias-Reason
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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42
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Eisen DP. Mannose-binding lectin deficiency and respiratory tract infection. J Innate Immun 2009; 2:114-22. [PMID: 20375630 PMCID: PMC7179718 DOI: 10.1159/000228159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is an innate immune system pattern recognition protein that kills a wide range of pathogenic microbes through complement activation. A substantial proportion of all human populations studied to date have MBL deficiency due to MBL2 polymorphisms, which potentially increases susceptibility to infectious disease. MBL binds numerous respiratory pathogens but the capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae abrogates its efficient binding. Clinical studies in humans have shown that MBL deficiency appears to predispose to severe respiratory tract infection. A recent meta-analysis shows that MBL deficiency was associated with death in patients with pneumococcal infection after adjusting for bacteraemia and comorbidities. Human clinical studies have also shown associations between MBL deficiency and various less common respiratory infections. Intracellular infections like tuberculosis may be less common with MBL deficiency because of reduced opsonophagocytosis. Lung secretions contain small amounts of MBL that are potentially sufficient to activate complement, but their measurement is confounded by dilution inherent in collection techniques. Therefore, if this protein does play a role in pulmonary immunity it is presumably through prevention of haematogenous dissemination of respiratory pathogens while adding to mucosal defences. Ficolins are collectins that are structurally and functionally related to MBL and are either present in serum or expressed in tissues including the lung. Limited variation in serum levels of L- and H-ficolin result from the presence of FCN2 and FCN3 polymorphisms. Initial studies on the impact of FCN2 polymorphisms or low L-ficolin levels do not seem to show major associations with respiratory infection. MBL is being developed as a new immunotherapeutic agent for prevention of infection in immunocompromised hosts. The available literature suggests that it may also be of benefit in MBL deficient patients with severe pneumonia. This review concentrates on clinical associations between MBL deficiency and susceptibility to respiratory tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon P Eisen
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
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Ruskamp JM, Hoekstra MO, Postma DS, Kerkhof M, Bottema RW, Koppelman GH, Rovers MM, Wijga AH, de Jongste JC, Brunekreef B, Sanders EAM. Exploring the role of polymorphisms in ficolin genes in respiratory tract infections in children. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 155:433-40. [PMID: 19220833 PMCID: PMC2669519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficolins are pattern-recognition molecules that appear to be relevant for innate immune defence against infections. The ficolin genes in Caucasians are polymorphic and genetic variations may have functional consequences, both in relation to function and concentration. Low levels of Ficolin-2 have been suggested to associate with recurrent respiratory tract infections (RTI), whereas data on Ficolin-3 are still very limited. We investigated the association between variation in genes encoding Ficolin-2 (FCN2) and Ficolin-3 (FCN3) and frequency of RTI during the first 4 years of life. The study population consisted of 900 children from a large, population-based birth cohort of Dutch children, followed prospectively from birth to 4 years of age. The number of RTI was assessed by annual parental questionnaires. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms in FCN2 and two in FCN3, all based on functionality or haplotype-tagging characteristics, were determined and haplotypes constructed. We found that single nucleotide polymorphisms in FCN2 and FCN3 were not associated with increased risk of RTI during the first 4 years of life. No difference existed between haplotype-frequencies of FCN2 and FCN3 in children grouped according to the reported number of RTI. In conclusion, at a population level, genetic variation in ficolin genes FCN2 and FCN3 do not seem to contribute to the risk of RTI in Caucasian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ruskamp
- Department of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Kilpatrick DC, Chalmers JD, MacDonald SL, Murray M, Mohammed A, Hart SP, Matsushita M, Hill A. Stable bronchiectasis is associated with low serum L-ficolin concentrations. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2009; 3:29-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-699x.2008.00105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Endo Y, Fujita T. [Pattern-recognition molecule, Ficolin]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 2008; 63:399-405. [PMID: 19317229 DOI: 10.3412/jsb.63.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Endo
- Department of Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295
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Hummelshøj T, Munthe-Fog L, Madsen HO, Garred P. Functional SNPs in the human ficolin (FCN) genes reveal distinct geographical patterns. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:2508-20. [PMID: 18289682 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ficolin protein family comprises three different molecules encoded by the FCN1, FCN2, and FCN3 genes, respectively, that play roles in innate immunity. The FCN genes in Caucasians are polymorphic and genetic variations may have functional consequences both in relation to function and concentration. The ethnic diversity of the FCN genes is unknown. The promoter and coding regions of the FCNs genes were sequenced in individuals from five different ethnic groups: Caucasians (Denmark, n=60), Japanese (Japan, n=50), South-East Africans (Mozambique, n=50), West-Africans (Ghana, n=50), and Indians (Argentina, n=50). We identified the most common FCN gene polymorphisms in five ethnic groups. Large ethnic differences were observed and the African populations contained several SNPs that were not observed in the other groups. Several variations, that will have major impact on the function of the ficolin proteins, were found. Three novel amino acid variations in Ficolin-1*Gly303Ser, Ficolin-2*Arg103Cys, and Ficolin-2*Thr137Met SNP were predicted by computational analyses to have a major functional physicochemical effect on their respective proteins. Additionally, a Gly43Asp in Ficolin-1 affects the Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeats and a Trp279STOP introduces a stop codon, thereby destroying the fibrinogen-like domain of Ficolin-1. In contrast to FCN1 and FCN2, the number of SNPs in FCN3 was very low. In conclusion, large ethnic differences in the FCN genes that will affect the concentration, structure, and function of the ficolin molecules were detected and which probably will be of pathophysiological relevance in different disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Hummelshøj
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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