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Hossain MM, Roat R, Christopherson J, Free C, Ansarullah, James B, Guo Z. Exploring lncRNAs associated with human pancreatic islet cell death induced by transfer of adoptive lymphocytes in a humanized mouse model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1244688. [PMID: 38027148 PMCID: PMC10646418 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1244688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-mediated posttranscriptional and epigenetic landscapes of gene regulation are associated with numerous human diseases. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing human β-cell function and survival remain unknown. Owing to technical and ethical constraints, studying the direct role of lncRNAs in β-cell function and survival in humans in vivo is difficult. Therefore, we utilized humanized mice with human islets to investigate lncRNA expression using whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing. Our study aimed to characterize lncRNAs that may be crucial for human islet cell function and survival. Methods Human β-cell death was induced in humanized mice engrafted with functional human islets. Using these humanized mice harboring human islets with induced β-cell death, we investigated lncRNA expression through whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing. Additionally, we systematically identified, characterized, and explored the regulatory functions of lncRNAs that are potentially important for human pancreatic islet cell function and survival. Results Human islet cell death was induced in humanized mice engrafted with functional human islets. RNA sequencing analysis of isolated human islets, islet grafts from humanized mice with and without induced cell death, revealed aberrant expression of a distinct set of lncRNAs that are associated with the deregulated mRNAs important for cellular processes and molecular pathways related to β-cell function and survival. A total of 10 lncRNA isoforms (SCYL1-1:22, POLG2-1:1, CTRB1-1:1, SRPK1-1:1, GTF3C5-1:1, PPY-1:1, CTRB1-1:5, CPA5-1:1, BCAR1-2:1, and CTRB1-1:4) were identified as highly enriched and specific to human islets. These lncRNAs were deregulated in human islets from donors with different BMIs and with type 2 diabetes (T2D), as well as in cultured human islets with glucose stimulation and induced cell death induced by cytokines. Aberrant expression of these lncRNAs was detected in the exosomes from the medium used to culture islets with cytokines. Conclusion Islet-enriched and specific human lncRNAs are deregulated in human islet grafts and cultured human islets with induced cell death. These lncRNAs may be crucial for human β-cell function and survival and could have an impact on identifying biomarkers for β-cell loss and discovering novel therapeutic targets to enhance β-cell function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Munir Hossain
- The Sanford Project/Children Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Regan Roat
- The Sanford Project/Children Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Jenica Christopherson
- The Sanford Project/Children Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Colette Free
- The Sanford Project/Children Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Ansarullah
- The Sanford Project/Children Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Brian James
- The Sanford Project/Children Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
- Discovery Genomics, Inc., Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- The Sanford Project/Children Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
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2
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Tudurí E, Soriano S, Almagro L, Montanya E, Alonso-Magdalena P, Nadal Á, Quesada I. The pancreatic β-cell in ageing: Implications in age-related diabetes. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101674. [PMID: 35724861 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) increases with ageing. T2D generally results from progressive impairment of the pancreatic islets to adapt β-cell mass and function in the setting of insulin resistance and increased insulin demand. Several studies have shown an age-related decline in peripheral insulin sensitivity. However, a precise understanding of the pancreatic β-cell response in ageing is still lacking. In this review, we summarize the age-related alterations, adaptations and/or failures of β-cells at the molecular, morphological and functional levels in mouse and human. Age-associated alterations include processes such as β-cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell identity that can influence β-cell mass. Age-related changes also affect β-cell function at distinct steps including electrical activity, Ca2+ signaling and insulin secretion, among others. We will consider the potential impact of these alterations and those mediated by senescence pathways on β-cells and their implications in age-related T2D. Finally, given the great diversity of results in the field of β-cell ageing, we will discuss the sources of this heterogeneity. A better understanding of β-cell biology during ageing, particularly at older ages, will improve our insight into the contribution of β-cells to age-associated T2D and may boost new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tudurí
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Sergi Soriano
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Lucía Almagro
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Eduard Montanya
- Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Nadal
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Quesada
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Juang JH, Chen CY, Kao CW, Huang YW, Chiu TY, Chen CT. Implanted islet mass influences the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor LAF237 on transplantation outcomes in diabetic mice. Biomed J 2020; 44:S210-S217. [PMID: 35300943 PMCID: PMC9068567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies showed inconsistent Results of the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitors on syngeneic mouse islet transplantation. We hypothesized that the implanted islet numbers are critical for the effects of DPP-IV inhibitors on the outcomes of transplantation. Methods One hundred and fifty or three hundred islets were syngeneically transplanted under the renal capsule of each streptozocin-diabetic C57BL/6 mouse and recipients were then treated without or with LAF237 (10 mg/kg/day, po) for 6 weeks. After transplantation, recipients’ blood glucose, body weight and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) were followed-up periodically. The graft was removed for the measurement of β-cell mass at 6 weeks. Results In recipients with 150 islets, it was not significantly different between the LAF237- treated group (n = 14) and control group (n = 14) in terms of the blood glucose, body weight, glucose tolerance at 2, 4 and 6 weeks or the graft β-cell mass at 6 weeks. In contrast, in recipients with 300 islets, the LAF237-treated group (n = 24) did have a lower area under the curve of the IPGTT at 4 weeks (p = 0.0237) and 6 weeks (p = 0.0113) as well as more graft β-cell mass at 6 weeks (0.655 ± 0.008 mg vs. 0.435 ± 0.006 mg, p = 0.0463) than controls (n = 24). Conclusions Our findings revealed 6-week treatment of LAF237 improves glucose tolerance and increases graft β-cell mass in diabetic mice transplanted with a sufficient number but not a marginal number of islets. These indicate that the effects of DPP-IV inhibitors are influenced by the implanted islet mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyuhn-Huarng Juang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Yi Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Kao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yu Chiu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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4
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Marrano N, Biondi G, Cignarelli A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F, Natalicchio A. Functional loss of pancreatic islets in type 2 diabetes: How can we halt it? Metabolism 2020; 110:154304. [PMID: 32599081 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The loss of beta-cell functional mass is a necessary and early condition in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In T2D patients, beta-cell function is already reduced by about 50% at diagnosis and further declines thereafter. Beta-cell mass is also reduced in subjects with T2D, and islets from diabetic donors are smaller compared to non-diabetic donors. Thus, beta-cell regeneration and/or preservation of the functional islet integrity should be highly considered for T2D treatment and possibly cure. To date, the available anti-diabetes drugs have been developed as "symptomatic" medications since they act to primarily reduce elevated blood glucose levels. However, a truly efficient anti-diabetes medication, capable to prevent the onset and progression of T2D, should stop beta-cell loss and/or promote the restoration of fully functional beta-cell mass, independently of reducing hyperglycemia and ameliorating glucotoxicity on the pancreatic islets. This review provides a view of the experimental and clinical evidence on the ability of available anti-diabetes drugs to exert protective effects on beta-cells, with a specific focus on human pancreatic islets and clinical trials. Potential explanations for the lack of concordance between evidence of beta-cell protection in vitro and of persistent amelioration of beta-cell function in vivo are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Marrano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Biondi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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5
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Fiorentino TV, Casiraghi F, Davalli AM, Finzi G, La Rosa S, Higgins PB, Abrahamian GA, Marando A, Sessa F, Perego C, Guardado-Mendoza R, Kamath S, Ricotti A, Fiorina P, Daniele G, Paez AM, Andreozzi F, Bastarrachea RA, Comuzzie AG, Gastaldelli A, Chavez AO, Di Cairano ES, Frost P, Luzi L, Dick EJ, Halff GA, DeFronzo RA, Folli F. Exenatide regulates pancreatic islet integrity and insulin sensitivity in the nonhuman primate baboon Papio hamadryas. JCI Insight 2019; 4:93091. [PMID: 31536476 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide improves glycemic control by several and not completely understood mechanisms. Herein, we examined the effects of chronic intravenous exenatide infusion on insulin sensitivity, β cell and α cell function and relative volumes, and islet cell apoptosis and replication in nondiabetic nonhuman primates (baboons). At baseline, baboons received a 2-step hyperglycemic clamp followed by an l-arginine bolus (HC/A). After HC/A, baboons underwent a partial pancreatectomy (tail removal) and received a continuous exenatide (n = 12) or saline (n = 12) infusion for 13 weeks. At the end of treatment, HC/A was repeated, and the remnant pancreas (head-body) was harvested. Insulin sensitivity increased dramatically after exenatide treatment and was accompanied by a decrease in insulin and C-peptide secretion, while the insulin secretion/insulin resistance (disposition) index increased by about 2-fold. β, α, and δ cell relative volumes in exenatide-treated baboons were significantly increased compared with saline-treated controls, primarily as the result of increased islet cell replication. Features of cellular stress and secretory dysfunction were present in islets of saline-treated baboons and absent in islets of exenatide-treated baboons. In conclusion, chronic administration of exenatide exerts proliferative and cytoprotective effects on β, α, and δ cells and produces a robust increase in insulin sensitivity in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Francesca Casiraghi
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto M Davalli
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Finzi
- Unit of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul B Higgins
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory A Abrahamian
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Alessandro Marando
- Unit of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Fausto Sessa
- Unit of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Carla Perego
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Guardado-Mendoza
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Subhash Kamath
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Andrea Ricotti
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Division of Health Science, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giuseppe Daniele
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ana M Paez
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Raul A Bastarrachea
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto O Chavez
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Eliana S Di Cairano
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomolecular Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrice Frost
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Metabolism Research Centre, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Edward J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Glenn A Halff
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Franco Folli
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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6
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Xu S, Fan Y, Wu T, Xu P. Expression levels and significance of miR-184 and miR-126 in burned rats. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:483-488. [PMID: 31281441 PMCID: PMC6591497 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression levels and significance of miR-184 and miR-126 in burned rats were investigated. A total of 30 healthy rats were selected to construct a burn rat model, and another 10 healthy rats as the control group. The modeled rats were divided into groups I, II and III according to burn area, 10 for each group. The reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-q.PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-184 and miR-126 in the serum of three groups of burned rats, and ELISA was employed to detect the expression levels in peripheral blood and the correlation. There was no difference in the expression levels of miR-184 and miR-126 among the four groups of rats before modeling (P>0.05). Those of miR-184 and miR-126 at each time point were lower than those at the previous one in groups I, II and III (P<0.05). There was no significant change in the expression levels of miR-184 and miR-126 in the control group (P>0.05). At the same time point, those of miR-184 and miR-126 decreased with the increase of burn degree, and the difference was statistically significant between every two groups (P<0.05). The results of Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that the expression level of miR-184 was positively correlated with that of miR-126 (r=0.832, P=0.002). miR-184 and miR-126 were positively correlated with burn degree (r=0.901, P=0.001, r=0.775, P=0.001) and time after burn (r=0.732, P=0.004, r=0.753, P=0.002). The expression levels of miR-184 and miR-126 decrease in burned rats. The changes of their levels may be used as a reference standard for clinical efficacy evaluation to evaluate burn degree, preventing burn wounds from deepening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Xu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Youfen Fan
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Tianbin Wu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Pei Xu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pancreatic β-cells play a critical role in whole-body glucose homeostasis by regulating the release of insulin in response to minute by minute alterations in metabolic demand. As such, β-cells are staunchly resilient but there are circumstances where they can become functionally compromised or physically lost due to pathophysiological changes which culminate in overt hyperglycemia and diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS In humans, β-cell mass appears to be largely defined in the postnatal period and this early replicative and generative phase is followed by a refractory state which persists throughout life. Despite this, efforts to identify physiological and pharmacological factors which might re-initiate β-cell replication (or cause the replenishment of β-cells by neogenesis or transdifferentiation) are beginning to bear fruit. Controlled manipulation of β-cell mass in humans still represents a holy grail for therapeutic intervention in diabetes, but progress is being made which may lead to ultimate success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Basile
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Noel G. Morgan
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
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8
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Farnsworth NL, Walter R, Piscopio RA, Schleicher WE, Benninger RKP. Exendin-4 overcomes cytokine-induced decreases in gap junction coupling via protein kinase A and Epac2 in mouse and human islets. J Physiol 2019; 597:431-447. [PMID: 30412665 PMCID: PMC6332825 DOI: 10.1113/jp276106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The pancreatic islets of Langerhans maintain glucose homeostasis through insulin secretion, where insulin secretion dynamics are regulated by intracellular Ca2+ signalling and electrical coupling of the insulin producing β-cells in the islet. We have previously shown that cytokines decrease β-cell coupling and that compounds which increase cAMP can increase coupling. In both mouse and human islets exendin-4, which increases cAMP, protected against cytokine-induced decreases in coupling and in mouse islets preserved glucose-stimulated calcium signalling by increasing connexin36 gap junction levels on the plasma membrane. Our data indicate that protein kinase A regulates β-cell coupling through a fast mechanism, such as channel gating or membrane organization, while Epac2 regulates slower mechanisms of regulation, such as gap junction turnover. Increases in β-cell coupling with exendin-4 may protect against cytokine-mediated β-cell death as well as preserve insulin secretion dynamics during the development of diabetes. ABSTRACT The pancreatic islets of Langerhans maintain glucose homeostasis. Insulin secretion from islet β-cells is driven by glucose metabolism, depolarization of the cell membrane and an influx of calcium, which initiates the release of insulin. Gap junctions composed of connexin36 (Cx36) electrically couple β-cells, regulating calcium signalling and insulin secretion dynamics. Cx36 coupling is decreased in pre-diabetic mice, suggesting a role for altered coupling in diabetes. Our previous work has shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines decrease Cx36 coupling and that compounds which increase cAMP can increase Cx36 coupling. The goal of this study was to determine if exendin-4, which increases cAMP, can protect against cytokine-induced decreases in Cx36 coupling and altered islet function. In both mouse and human islets, exendin-4 protected against cytokine-induced decreases in coupling and preserved glucose-stimulated calcium signalling. Exendin-4 also protected against protein kinase Cδ-mediated decreases in Cx36 coupling. Exendin-4 preserved coupling in mouse islets by preserving Cx36 levels on the plasma membrane. Exendin-4 regulated Cx36 coupling via both protein kinase A (PKA)- and Epac2-mediated mechanisms in cytokine-treated islets. In mouse islets, modulating Epac2 had a greater impact in mediating Cx36 coupling, while in human islets modulating PKA had a greater impact on Cx36 coupling. Our data indicate that PKA regulates Cx36 coupling through a fast mechanism, such as channel gating, while Epac2 regulates slower mechanisms of regulation, such as Cx36 turnover in the membrane. Increases in Cx36 coupling with exendin-4 may protect against cytokine-mediated β-cell dysfunction to insulin secretion dynamics during the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki L. Farnsworth
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood DiabetesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO80045USA
| | - Rachelle Walter
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO80045USA
| | - Robert A. Piscopio
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO80045USA
| | - Wolfgang E. Schleicher
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO80045USA
| | - Richard K. P. Benninger
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood DiabetesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO80045USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO80045USA
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9
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Riddy DM, Delerive P, Summers RJ, Sexton PM, Langmead CJ. G Protein–Coupled Receptors Targeting Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 70:39-67. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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10
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Roat R, Hossain MM, Christopherson J, Free C, Jain S, Guay C, Regazzi R, Guo Z. Identification and Characterization of microRNAs Associated With Human β-Cell Loss in a Mouse Model. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:992-1007. [PMID: 27700000 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Currently there is no effective approach for monitoring early β-cell loss during islet graft rejection following human islet transplantation (HIT). Due to ethical and technical constraints, it is difficult to directly study biomarkers of islet destruction in humans. Here, we established a humanized mouse model with induced human β-cell death using adoptive lymphocyte transfer (ALT). Human islet grafts of ALT-treated mice had perigraft lymphocyte infiltration, fewer insulin+ β cells, and increased β-cell apoptosis. Islet-specific miR-375 was used to validate our model, and expression of miR-375 was significantly decreased in the grafts and increased in the circulation of ALT-treated mice before hyperglycemia. A NanoString expression assay was further used to profile 800 human miRNAs in the human islet grafts, and the results were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We found that miR-4454 and miR-199a-5p were decreased in the human islet grafts following ALT and increased in the circulation prior to hyperglycemia. These data demonstrate that our in vivo model of induced human β-cell destruction is a robust method for identifying and characterizing circulating biomarkers, and suggest that miR-4454 and miR-199a-5p can serve as novel biomarkers associated with early human β-cell loss following HIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Roat
- The Sanford Project, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - M M Hossain
- The Sanford Project, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | | | - C Free
- The Sanford Project, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - S Jain
- The Sanford Project, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - C Guay
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Regazzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Z Guo
- The Sanford Project, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD.,Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD
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Wu X, Liang W, Guan H, Liu J, Liu L, Li H, He X, Zheng J, Chen J, Cao X, Li Y. Exendin-4 promotes pancreatic β-cell proliferation via inhibiting the expression of Wnt5a. Endocrine 2017; 55:398-409. [PMID: 27826714 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is currently regarded as an effective therapeutic strategy for type-2 diabetes. Previous studies indicated that exendin-4 promoted β cell proliferation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recently it was reported that exendin-4 promoted pancreatic β cell proliferation by regulating the expression level of Wnt4. The present study was designed to investigate whether other Wnt isoforms take part in accommodation of β-cell proliferation. We found that exendin-4 promotes the proliferation and suppresses the expression of Wnt5a in INS-1 cell line and C57Bl/6 mouse pancreatic β-cells. Further mechanistic study demonstrated that exendin-4 promoted INS-1 cell proliferation partly through down-regulating the expression of Wnt5a. Furthermore, Wnt5a could induce the activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in INS-1 cells, thereby decreasing the cellular stable β-catenin and its nuclear translocation, and finally reduce the expression of cyclin D1. In addition, we also found that both of the receptors (Frz-2 and Ror-2) mediated the effect of Wnt5a on β cell line INS-1 proliferation. Taken together, this study suggests that Wnt5a plays a critical role in exendin-4-induced β-cell proliferation, indicating that Wnt5a might be a novel regulator in counterbalance of β cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinger Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liehua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoying He
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaopei Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Otsuki K, Ito T, Kenmochi T, Maruyama M, Akutsu N, Saigo K, Hasegawa M, Aoyama H, Matsumoto I, Uchino Y. Positron Emission Tomography and Autoradiography of (18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Labeled Islets With or Without Warm Ischemic Stress in Portal Transplanted Rats. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:229-33. [PMID: 26915873 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of positron-emission tomography (PET) with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) -labeled islets has been considered to be a potential modality to visualize and quantify early engraftment of islet transplantation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the early islets' survival of the FDG-labeled islets with or without warm ischemic stress in portal transplanted rats using PET and autoradiography. METHODS Islets were isolated from Lewis rat pancreata with or without 30-minute warm ischemia times (WITs). For islets' labeling, 300 islets were incubated with 3 MBq FDG for 60 minutes. FDG-labeled islets were transplanted into the liver via portal vein. In in vivo study, a PET study was scanned for 90 minutes and the FDG uptake was expressed as percentage of liver injection dose (ID). In ex vivo study, the liver was exposed for 30 minutes with single fluorescence autoradiography. RESULTS In the PET study, the percentage of liver ID of the islets without WIT was 27.8 and that of the WIT islets was 20.1 at the end of islet transplantation. At 90 minutes after transplantation, the percentage of liver ID was decreased to 14.7 in the islets without WIT and 10.1 in the WIT islets. In the autoradiogram, the number of hot spots was more obviously visualized in the liver transplanted without WIT islets than in the liver transplanted with WIT islets. CONCLUSION Almost 50% of the islets were immediately lost in both the islets without WIT and those with WIT transplantation in the early period. However, islet survival was 1.4 times higher in the islets without WIT than that in those with WIT in the early engraftment phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Otsuki
- Department of Surgery, National Chiba-East Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
| | - T Ito
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, National Chiba-East Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Kenmochi
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, National Chiba-East Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Maruyama
- Department of Surgery, National Chiba-East Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Akutsu
- Department of Surgery, National Chiba-East Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - K Saigo
- Department of Surgery, National Chiba-East Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Hasegawa
- Department of Surgery, National Chiba-East Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - H Aoyama
- Department of Surgery, National Chiba-East Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - I Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, National Chiba-East Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Y Uchino
- Chiba Ryogo Center, PET Imaging Division, Chiba, Japan
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Benthuysen JR, Carrano AC, Sander M. Advances in β cell replacement and regeneration strategies for treating diabetes. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3651-3660. [PMID: 27694741 DOI: 10.1172/jci87439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, new approaches have been explored that are aimed at restoring functional β cell mass as a treatment strategy for diabetes. The two most intensely pursued strategies are β cell replacement through conversion of other cell types and β cell regeneration by enhancement of β cell replication. The approach closest to clinical implementation is the replacement of β cells with human pluripotent stem cell-derived (hPSC-derived) cells, which are currently under investigation in a clinical trial to assess their safety in humans. In addition, there has been success in reprogramming developmentally related cell types into β cells. Reprogramming approaches could find therapeutic applications by inducing β cell conversion in vivo or by reprogramming cells ex vivo followed by implantation. Finally, recent studies have revealed novel pharmacologic targets for stimulating β cell replication. Manipulating these targets or the pathways they regulate could be a strategy for promoting the expansion of residual β cells in diabetic patients. Here, we provide an overview of progress made toward β cell replacement and regeneration and discuss promises and challenges for clinical implementation of these strategies.
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Lemaire K, Thorrez L, Schuit F. Disallowed and Allowed Gene Expression: Two Faces of Mature Islet Beta Cells. Annu Rev Nutr 2016; 36:45-71. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lieven Thorrez
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven B3000, Belgium; , ,
| | - Frans Schuit
- Gene Expression Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven B3000, Belgium; , ,
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Activation of GPR119 Stimulates Human β-Cell Replication and Neogenesis in Humanized Mice with Functional Human Islets. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:1620821. [PMID: 27413754 PMCID: PMC4927982 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1620821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Using humanized mice with functional human islets, we investigated whether activating GPR119 by PSN632408, a small molecular agonist, can stimulate human β-cell regeneration in vivo. Human islets were transplanted under the left kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice with streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes. The recipient mice were treated with PSN632408 or vehicle and BrdU daily. Human islet graft function in the mice was evaluated by nonfasting glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance, and removal of the grafts. Immunostaining for insulin, glucagon, and BrdU or Ki67 was performed in islet grafts to evaluate α- and β-cell replication. Insulin and CK19 immunostaining was performed to evaluate β-cell neogenesis. Four weeks after human islet transplantation, 71% of PSN632408-treated mice achieved normoglycaemia compared with 24% of vehicle-treated mice. Also, oral glucose tolerance was significantly improved in the PSN632408-treated mice. PSN632408 treatment significantly increased both human α- and β-cell areas in islet grafts and stimulated α- and β-cell replication. In addition, β-cell neogenesis was induced from pancreatic duct cells in the islet grafts. Our results demonstrated that activation of GPR119 increases β-cell mass by stimulating human β-cell replication and neogenesis. Therefore, GPR119 activators may qualify as therapeutic agents to increase human β-cell mass in patients with diabetes.
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Tudurí E, López M, Diéguez C, Nadal A, Nogueiras R. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Analogs and their Effects on Pancreatic Islets. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:304-318. [PMID: 27062006 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) exerts many actions that improve glycemic control. GLP-1 stimulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and protects β cells, while its extrapancreatic effects include cardioprotection, reduction of hepatic glucose production, and regulation of satiety. Although an appealing antidiabetic drug candidate, the rapid degradation of GLP-1 by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) means that its therapeutic use is unfeasible, and this prompted the development of two main GLP-1 therapies: long-acting GLP-1 analogs and DPP-4 inhibitors. In this review, we focus on the pancreatic effects exerted by current GLP-1 derivatives used to treat diabetes. Based on the results from in vitro and in vivo studies in humans and animal models, we describe the specific actions of GLP-1 analogs on the synthesis, processing, and secretion of insulin, islet morphology, and β cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tudurí
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Miguel López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Angel Nadal
- Instituto de Bioingeniería and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
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Chon S, Gautier JF. An Update on the Effect of Incretin-Based Therapies on β-Cell Function and Mass. Diabetes Metab J 2016; 40:99-114. [PMID: 27126881 PMCID: PMC4853229 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2016.40.2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease with a complex and progressive pathogenesis. The two primary mechanisms of T2DM pathogenesis are pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is recognized to be a prerequisite for the development of T2DM. Therapeutic modalities that improve β-cell function are considered critical to T2DM management; however, blood glucose control remains a challenge for many patients due to suboptimal treatment efficacy and the progressive nature of T2DM. Incretin-based therapies are now the most frequently prescribed antidiabetic drugs in Korea. Incretin-based therapies are a favorable class of drugs due to their ability to reduce blood glucose by targeting the incretin hormone system and, most notably, their potential to improve pancreatic β-cell function. This review outlines the current understanding of the incretin hormone system in T2DM and summarizes recent updates on the effect of incretin-based therapies on β-cell function and β-cell mass in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jean François Gautier
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, DHU FIRE, Lariboisière Hospital, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France.
- Clinical Investigation Center, INSERM-CIC9504, Saint-Louis University Hospital, University Paris-Diderot Paris-7, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris-6, Paris, France
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Stewart AF, Hussain MA, García-Ocaña A, Vasavada RC, Bhushan A, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Kulkarni RN. Human β-cell proliferation and intracellular signaling: part 3. Diabetes 2015; 64:1872-85. [PMID: 25999530 PMCID: PMC4439562 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This is the third in a series of Perspectives on intracellular signaling pathways coupled to proliferation in pancreatic β-cells. We contrast the large knowledge base in rodent β-cells with the more limited human database. With the increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes and the recognition that type 2 diabetes is also due in part to a deficiency of functioning β-cells, there is great urgency to identify therapeutic approaches to expand human β-cell numbers. Therapeutic approaches might include stem cell differentiation, transdifferentiation, or expansion of cadaver islets or residual endogenous β-cells. In these Perspectives, we focus on β-cell proliferation. Past Perspectives reviewed fundamental cell cycle regulation and its upstream regulation by insulin/IGF signaling via phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, glucose, glycogen synthase kinase-3 and liver kinase B1, protein kinase Cζ, calcium-calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells, epidermal growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor family members, Wnt/β-catenin, leptin, and estrogen and progesterone. Here, we emphasize Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription, Ras/Raf/extracellular signal-related kinase, cadherins and integrins, G-protein-coupled receptors, and transforming growth factor β signaling. We hope these three Perspectives will serve to introduce these pathways to new researchers and will encourage additional investigators to focus on understanding how to harness key intracellular signaling pathways for therapeutic human β-cell regeneration for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Stewart
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Mehboob A Hussain
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Adolfo García-Ocaña
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Rupangi C Vasavada
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Anil Bhushan
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, and VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Sahraoui A, Winzell MS, Gorman T, Smith DM, Skrtic S, Hoeyem M, Abadpour S, Johansson L, Korsgren O, Foss A, Scholz H. The effects of exendin-4 treatment on graft failure: an animal study using a novel re-vascularized minimal human islet transplant model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121204. [PMID: 25793295 PMCID: PMC4368803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation has become a viable clinical treatment, but is still compromised by long-term graft failure. Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, has in clinical studies been shown to improve insulin secretion in islet transplanted patients. However, little is known about the effect of exendin-4 on other metabolic parameters. We therefore aimed to determine what influence exendin-4 would have on revascularized minimal human islet grafts in a state of graft failure in terms of glucose metabolism, body weight, lipid levels and graft survival. Introducing the bilateral, subcapsular islet transplantation model, we first transplanted diabetic mice with a murine graft under the left kidney capsule sufficient to restore normoglycemia. After a convalescent period, we performed a second transplantation under the right kidney capsule with a minimal human islet graft and allowed for a second recovery. We then performed a left-sided nephrectomy, and immediately started treatment with exendin-4 with a low (20μg/kg/day) or high (200μg/kg/day) dose, or saline subcutaneously twice daily for 15 days. Blood was sampled, blood glucose and body weight monitored. The transplanted human islet grafts were collected at study end point and analyzed. We found that exendin-4 exerts its effect on failing human islet grafts in a bell-shaped dose-response curve. Both doses of exendin-4 equally and significantly reduced blood glucose. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), C-peptide and pro-insulin were conversely increased. In the course of the treatment, body weight and cholesterol levels were not affected. However, immunohistochemistry revealed an increase in beta cell nuclei count and reduced TUNEL staining only in the group treated with a low dose of exendin-4 compared to the high dose and control. Collectively, these results suggest that exendin-4 has a potential rescue effect on failing, revascularized human islets in terms of lowering blood glucose, maintaining beta cell numbers, and improving metabolic parameters during hyperglycemic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Sahraoui
- Institute for Surgical Research and Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Tracy Gorman
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Merete Hoeyem
- Institute for Surgical Research and Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shadab Abadpour
- Institute for Surgical Research and Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Johansson
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aksel Foss
- Institute for Surgical Research and Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Institute for Surgical Research and Section for Transplantation Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Chon S, Riveline JP, Blondeau B, Gautier JF. Incretin-based therapy and pancreatic beta cells. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2014; 40:411-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Gao J, Tian L, Weng G, O'Brien TD, Luo J, Guo Z. Stimulating β-cell replication and improving islet graft function by AR231453, A GPR119 agonist. Transplant Proc 2014; 43:3217-20. [PMID: 22099761 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) is predominantly expressed in β cells and intestinal L cells. AR231453 is a selective small-molecular GPR119 agonist that enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) release. We investigated whether AR231453 can directly stimulate β-cell replication and improve islet graft function in diabetic mice. METHODS A total of 100 syngenic C57BL/6 mouse islets were transplanted under the left kidney of each chemically induced diabetic C57BL/6 mouse. Starting from the day of transplantation, these recipients were given bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) daily with or without AR231453 at 10 mg/kg/d. Islet graft function was monitored by measuring blood glucose levels. At 4 weeks, left nephrectomy was performed to remove the kidney bearing the islet grafts to determine β-cell replication in the islet grafts. Insulin and BrdU immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect replicated β cells. Insulin(+) and BrdU(+) β cells in islet grafts were counted using a confocal microscope. To determine whether AR231453 increases plasma GLP-1 levels, we collected plasma from AR231453 treated mice at 30 minutes after treatment and measured plasma active GLP-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Although all recipient mice achieved normoglycemia at 28 days with or without treatment, normoglycemia was achieved in significantly fewer days in AR231453-treated mice. The vehicle-treated mice achieved normoglycemia in 16 ± 6 days, while AR231453-treated mice only required only 8 ± 3 days (P < .01). The percentage of insulin(+) and BrdU(+) β cells in islet grafts was significantly higher in AR231453-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice. The mean percentage of insulin(+) and BrdU(+) β cells in islet grafts was 21.5% ± 6.9% in AR231453-treated mice and 5.6% ± 3.7% in vehicle-treated mice (P < .01). The plasma active GLP-1 levels were also significantly higher in AR231453-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice (P < .05). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that AR231453, a GPR119 agonist, can stimulate β-cell replication and improve islet graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gao
- Department of Surgery and Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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De Tata V. Age-related impairment of pancreatic Beta-cell function: pathophysiological and cellular mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:138. [PMID: 25232350 PMCID: PMC4153315 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes significantly increases with age. The relevance of this association is dramatically magnified by the concomitant global aging of the population, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Here, some recent advances in this field are reviewed at the level of both the pathophysiology of glucose homeostasis and the cellular senescence of pancreatic islets. Overall, recent results highlight the crucial role of beta-cell dysfunction in the age-related impairment of pancreatic endocrine function and delineate the possibility of new original therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo De Tata
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vincenzo De Tata, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55 Scuola Medica, Pisa 56126, Italy e-mail:
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Szabat M, Johnson JD. Modulation of β-cell fate and function by TGFβ ligands: a superfamily with many powers. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3965-9. [PMID: 24141995 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szabat
- PhD, Associate Professor, Medicine and Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Surgery, Diabetes Research Group, Cardiovascular Research Group, The University of British Columbia, Point Grey Campus, 5358-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.
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Boerner BP, George NM, Targy NM, Sarvetnick NE. TGF-β superfamily member Nodal stimulates human β-cell proliferation while maintaining cellular viability. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4099-112. [PMID: 23970788 PMCID: PMC3800770 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to expand human islets and enhance allogeneic islet transplant for the treatment of type 1 diabetes, identifying signaling pathways that stimulate human β-cell proliferation is paramount. TGF-β superfamily members, in particular activin-A, are likely involved in islet development and may contribute to β-cell proliferation. Nodal, another TGF-β member, is present in both embryonic and adult rodent islets. Nodal, along with its coreceptor, Cripto, are pro-proliferative factors in certain cell types. Although Nodal stimulates apoptosis of rat insulinoma cells (INS-1), Nodal and Cripto signaling have not been studied in the context of human islets. The current study investigated the effects of Nodal and Cripto on human β-cell proliferation, differentiation, and viability. In the human pancreas and isolated human islets, we observed Nodal mRNA and protein expression, with protein expression observed in β and α-cells. Cripto expression was absent from human islets. Furthermore, in cultured human islets, exogenous Nodal stimulated modest β-cell proliferation and inhibited α-cell proliferation with no effect on cellular viability, apoptosis, or differentiation. Nodal stimulated the phosphorylation of mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD)-2, with no effect on AKT or MAPK signaling, suggesting phosphorylated SMAD signaling was involved in β-cell proliferation. Cripto had no effect on human islet cell proliferation, differentiation, or viability. In conclusion, Nodal stimulates human β-cell proliferation while maintaining cellular viability. Nodal signaling warrants further exploration to better understand and enhance human β-cell proliferative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Boerner
- MD, and Nora E. Sarvetnick, PhD, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985965 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5965. ; or
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Wang Y, Qi M, McGarrigle JJ, Rady B, Davis M, Vaca P, Oberholzer J. Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists to improve islet graft performance. Curr Diab Rep 2013; 13:723-32. [PMID: 23925432 PMCID: PMC3888204 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-013-0402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human islet transplantation is an effective and promising therapy for type I diabetes. However, long-term insulin independence is both difficult to achieve and inconsistent. De novo or early administration of incretin-based drugs is being explored for improving islet engraftment. In addition to its glucose-dependent insulinotropic effects, incretins also lower postprandial glucose excursion by inhibiting glucagon secretion, delaying gastric emptying, and can protect beta-cell function. Incretin therapy has so far proven clinically safe and tolerable with little hypoglycemic risk. The present review aims to highlight the new frontiers in research involving incretins from both in vitro and in vivo animal studies in the field of islet transplant. It also provides an overview of the current clinical status of incretin usage in islet transplantation in the management of type I diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- . 312-996-0851(W), 312-996-7913(Fax). Department of Surgery/Transplant, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Meirigeng Qi
- . 312-996-0530(W), 312-996-7913(Fax). Department of Surgery/Transplant, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - James J. McGarrigle
- . 312-996-8316(W), 312-996-7913(Fax). Department of Surgery/Transplant, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Brian Rady
- 312-996-8316(W), 312-996-7913(Fax). Department of Surgery/Transplant, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Maureen Davis
- . 312-996-8316(W), 312-996-7913(Fax). Department of Surgery/Transplant, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Pilar Vaca
- . 312-996-8316(W), 312-996-7913(Fax). Department of Surgery/Transplant, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Jose Oberholzer
- . 312-996-6771(W), 312-996-7961(Fax). Department of Surgery/Transplant, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
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Abstract
Cell therapy is currently considered as a potential therapeutic alternative to traditional treatments of diabetes. Islet and whole pancreas transplantations provided the proof-of-concept of glucose homeostasis restoration after replenishment of the deficiency of β cells responsible for the disease. Current limitations of these procedures have led to the search for strategies targeting replication of pre-existing β cells or transdifferentiation of progenitors and adult cells. These investigations revealed an unexpected plasticity towards β cells of adult cells residing in pancreatic epithelium (eg, acinar, duct, and α cells). Here we discuss recent developments in β-cell replication and β-cell transdifferentiation of adult epithelial pancreatic cells, with an emphasis on techniques with a potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Correspondence to: Susan Bonner-Weir, PhD, Joslin Diabetes Center, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA; ; Phone 617-309-2581, Fax 617-309-2650
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Abstract
Insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are essential regulators of mammalian metabolism. The absence of functional β-cells leads to hyperglycemia and diabetes, making patients dependent on exogenously supplied insulin. Recent insights into β-cell development, combined with the discovery of pluripotent stem cells, have led to an unprecedented opportunity to generate new β-cells for transplantation therapy and drug screening. Progress has also been made in converting terminally differentiated cell types into β-cells using transcriptional regulators identified as key players in normal development, and in identifying conditions that induce β-cell replication in vivo and in vitro. Here, we summarize what is currently known about how these strategies could be utilized to generate new β-cells and highlight how further study into the mechanisms governing later stages of differentiation and the acquisition of functional capabilities could inform this effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia W Pagliuca
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Abstract
Incretin peptides, principally GLP-1 and GIP, regulate islet hormone secretion, glucose concentrations, lipid metabolism, gut motility, appetite and body weight, and immune function, providing a scientific basis for utilizing incretin-based therapies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Activation of GLP-1 and GIP receptors also leads to nonglycemic effects in multiple tissues, through direct actions on tissues expressing incretin receptors and indirect mechanisms mediated through neuronal and endocrine pathways. Here we contrast the pharmacology and physiology of incretin hormones and review recent advances in mechanisms coupling incretin receptor signaling to pleiotropic metabolic actions in preclinical studies. We discuss whether mechanisms identified in preclinical studies have potential translational relevance for the treatment of human disease and highlight controversies and uncertainties in incretin biology that require resolution in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
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Newgard CB, Sharpless NE. Coming of age: molecular drivers of aging and therapeutic opportunities. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:946-50. [PMID: 23454756 DOI: 10.1172/jci68833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is like the weather: everyone talks about it, but no one seems to do anything about it. We believe this may soon change, as an improved understanding of the molecular and genetic pathways underlying aging suggests it is possible to therapeutically target the aging process and increase health span. This Review series focuses on fundamental cellular mechanisms of aging and their relationship to human disease. These pathways include telomere dysfunction in cellular senescence and induction of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in systemic aging, sirtuin family regulation of metabolism and aging-associated diseases, mitochondrial metabolism in aging, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and the use of mTOR inhibitors to increase longevity, the progressive decline of the immune system with age, and aging-associated changes to pancreatic islet β cells that may contribute to diabetes. Together, these articles explore pathways affecting aging and possible interventional targets to slow or delay the onset of age-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27704, USA.
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Abstract
Preservation and regeneration of β cell endocrine function is a long-sought goal in diabetes research. Defective insulin secretion from β cells underlies both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, thus fueling considerable interest in molecules capable of rebuilding β cell secretion capacity. Though early work in rodents suggested that regeneration might be possible, recent studies have revealed that aging powerfully restricts cell cycle entry of β cells, which may limit regeneration capacity. Consequently, aging has emerged as an enigmatic challenge that might limit β cell regeneration therapies. This Review summarizes recent data regarding the role of aging in β cell regeneration and proposes models explaining these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake A Kushner
- McNair Medical Institute, Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Gargani S, Thévenet J, Yuan JE, Lefebvre B, Delalleau N, Gmyr V, Hubert T, Duhamel A, Pattou F, Kerr-Conte J. Adaptive changes of human islets to an obesogenic environment in the mouse. Diabetologia 2013; 56. [PMID: 23192693 PMCID: PMC3536990 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In this study, we used an immunodeficient mouse model to explore, in vivo, the longitudinal adaptation of human islets to an obesogenic environment. METHODS Non-diabetic Rag2 (-/-) mice (n = 61) were transplanted with human islets (400 islet equivalents [IEQ]) from six pancreases: four non-diabetic and two with overt metabolic dysfunction (older, high HbA(lc) or history of diabetes). Animals were fed for 12 weeks with a control or high-fat diet (HFD), and followed for weight, serum triacylglycerol, fasting blood glucose and human C-peptide. After the mice were killed, human grafts and the endogenous pancreas were analysed for endocrine volume, distribution of beta and alpha cells, and proliferation. RESULTS Transplanted mice on an HFD gained significantly more weight (p < 0.001) and had higher fasting glycaemia (2-12 weeks; p = 0.0002) and consistently higher fasting human C-peptide levels (2-12 weeks; p = 0.04) compared with those on the control diet. Histology demonstrated doubling of human islet graft volume at 12 weeks in animals on the HFD and increased beta cell volume (p < 0.001), but no change in alpha cell volume. Human islet function (hyperbolic product HOMA2%BS) at 12 weeks was four times lower in HFD animals (p < 0.001 vs controls) because of insufficient beta cell adaptation to decreased (70%) sensitivity (HOMA%S). Human islets obtained from donors with metabolic dysfunction failed to adapt to the HFD. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This longitudinal study provides direct evidence that human islets adapt both endocrine and beta cell mass, function and gene expression to obesity in vivo. The present model will facilitate the identification of mechanisms by which human islets adapt to obesity in vivo and the cell type(s) responsible, and factors predisposing human beta cells to decompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gargani
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- UDSL, IMPRT, Lille, France
- Inserm U859 Biotherapies of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, 1 Place de Verdun, F59045 Lille, France
| | - J. Thévenet
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- UDSL, IMPRT, Lille, France
- Inserm U859 Biotherapies of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, 1 Place de Verdun, F59045 Lille, France
| | - J. E. Yuan
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - B. Lefebvre
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- UDSL, IMPRT, Lille, France
- Present Address: Inserm U837, Alzheimer and Tauopathies, Lille, France
| | - N. Delalleau
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- UDSL, IMPRT, Lille, France
- Inserm U859 Biotherapies of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, 1 Place de Verdun, F59045 Lille, France
| | - V. Gmyr
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- UDSL, IMPRT, Lille, France
- Inserm U859 Biotherapies of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, 1 Place de Verdun, F59045 Lille, France
| | - T. Hubert
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- UDSL, IMPRT, Lille, France
- Inserm U859 Biotherapies of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, 1 Place de Verdun, F59045 Lille, France
| | - A. Duhamel
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- UDSL, IMPRT, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- CERIM, Faculty of Medicine, Lille, France
| | - F. Pattou
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- UDSL, IMPRT, Lille, France
- Inserm U859 Biotherapies of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, 1 Place de Verdun, F59045 Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - J. Kerr-Conte
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- UDSL, IMPRT, Lille, France
- Inserm U859 Biotherapies of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, 1 Place de Verdun, F59045 Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
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Stimulating β-cell regeneration by combining a GPR119 agonist with a DPP-IV inhibitor. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53345. [PMID: 23382843 PMCID: PMC3558424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activating G-protein coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) by its agonists can stimulate glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) release. GLP-1 is rapidly degraded and inactivated by dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV). We studied the efficiency of combining PSN632408, a GPR119 agonist, with sitagliptin, a DPP-IV inhibitor, on β-cell regeneration in diabetic mice. Materials & Methods Diabetes in C57BL/6 mice was induced by streptozotocin. PSN632408 and sitagliptin alone or in combination were administered to diabetic mice for 7 weeks along with BrdU daily. Nonfasting blood glucose levels were monitored. After treatment, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), plasma active GLP-1 levels, β-cell mass along with α- and β-cell replication, and β-cell neogenesis were evaluated. Results Normoglycemia was not achieved in vehicle-treated mice. By contrast, 32% (6 of 19) of PSN632408-treated diabetic mice, 36% (5 of 14) sitagliptin-treated diabetic mice, and 59% (13 of 22) diabetic mice treated with PSN632408 and sitagliptin combination achieved normoglycemia after 7 weeks treatment. Combination therapy significantly increased plasma active GLP-1 levels, improved glucose clearance, stimulated both α- and β-cell replication, and augmented β-cell mass. Furthermore, treatment with combination therapy induced β-cell neogenesis from pancreatic duct-derived cells. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that combining a GPR119 agonist with a DPP-IV inhibitor may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for stimulating β-cell regeneration and reversing diabetes.
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Chae HY, Lee M, Hwang HJ, Kim HA, Kang JG, Kim CS, Lee SJ, Ihm SH. Improved transplantation outcome through delivery of DNA encoding secretion signal peptide-linked glucagon-like peptide-1 into mouse islets. Transpl Int 2013; 26:443-52. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon; Korea
| | - Minhyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; College of Engineering; Hanyang University; Seoul; Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon; Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Department of Bioengineering; College of Engineering; Hanyang University; Seoul; Korea
| | - Jun Goo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon; Korea
| | - Chul Sik Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon; Korea
| | - Seong Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon; Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Ihm
- Department of Internal Medicine; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon; Korea
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Luo J, Nguyen K, Chen M, Tran T, Hao J, Tian B, Rulifson IC, Zhang Y, Tian L, Zhang Y, Lopez E, Lin DCH, Wang Y, Ma Z, Houze J, Guo Z. Evaluating insulin secretagogues in a humanized mouse model with functional human islets. Metabolism 2013; 62:90-9. [PMID: 22982177 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid, easy and clinically relevant in vivo model to evaluate novel insulin secretagogues on human islets, we investigated the effect of insulin secretagogues on functional human islets in a humanized mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS Human islets were transplanted under the kidney capsule of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice with immunodeficiency. Human islet graft function was monitored by measuring non-fasting blood glucose levels. After diabetes was reversed, human islet transplanted mice were characterized physiologically by oral glucose tolerance and pharmacologically with clinically proven insulin secretagogues, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), exenatide, glyburide, nateglinide and sitagliptin. Additionally, G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) agonists were evaluated in this model. RESULTS Long-term human islet graft survival could be achieved in immunodeficient mice. Oral glucose challenge in human islet transplanted mice resulted in an immediate incremental increase of plasma human C-peptide, while the plasma mouse C-peptide was undetectable. Treatments with GLP-1, exenatide, glyburide, nateglinide and sitagliptin effectively increased plasma human C-peptide levels and improved postprandial glucose concentrations. GPR40 agonists also stimulated human C-peptide secretion and significantly improved postprandial glucose in the human islet transplanted mice. CONCLUSIONS Our studies indicate that a humanized mouse model with human islet grafts could mimic the in vivo characteristics of human islets and could be a powerful tool for the evaluation of novel insulin secretagogues or other therapeutic agents that directly and/or indirectly target human β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Zhao X, Tang YG, Wu SV, Wang C, Perfetti R, Khoury N, Cai D, He F, Su X, Go VLW, Hui H. The global transcriptional response of isolated human islets of langerhans to glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide. ISRN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2012; 2012:608672. [PMID: 23056957 PMCID: PMC3465925 DOI: 10.5402/2012/608672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
GLP-1 and its analog have been used in diabetes treatment; however, the direct alteration of gene expression profile in human islets induced by GLP-1 has not been reported. In present study, transcriptional gene expression in the liraglutide-treated human islets was analyzed with 12 human U133A chips including 23000 probe sets. The data compared between liraglutide and control groups showed a significant difference on glucose-induced insulin secretion, rather than viability. Microarray analysis identified 7000 genes expressed in human islets. Eighty genes were found to be modulated by liraglutide treatment. Furthermore, the products of these genes are proteins involved in binding capability, enzyme activity, transporter function, signal transduction, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. Our data provides a set of information in the complex events, following the activation of the GLP-1 receptor in the islets of Langerhans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Zhao
- Center of Metabolic Diseases, Beijiao Hospital, Southern Medical University, North 1838 Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou 510515, China ; International Center for Metabolic Diseases, Southern Medical University (SMU), 8 Floor, Life Science Build, North 1838 Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou 510515, China ; Department of Medicine, Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Physiology and emerging biochemistry of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:470851. [PMID: 22666230 PMCID: PMC3359799 DOI: 10.1155/2012/470851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor is one of the best validated therapeutic targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Over several years, the accumulation of basic, translational, and clinical research helped define the physiologic roles of GLP-1 and its receptor in regulating glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism. These efforts provided much of the foundation for pharmaceutical development of the GLP-1 receptor peptide agonists, exenatide and liraglutide, as novel medicines for patients suffering from T2DM. Now, much attention is focused on better understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in ligand induced signaling of the GLP-1 receptor. For example, advancements in biophysical and structural biology techniques are being applied in attempts to more precisely determine ligand binding and receptor occupancy characteristics at the atomic level. These efforts should better inform three-dimensional modeling of the GLP-1 receptor that will help inspire more rational approaches to identify and optimize small molecule agonists or allosteric modulators targeting the GLP-1 receptor. This article reviews GLP-1 receptor physiology with an emphasis on GLP-1 induced signaling mechanisms in order to highlight new molecular strategies that help determine desired pharmacologic characteristics for guiding development of future nonpeptide GLP-1 receptor activators.
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Vetere A, Wagner BK. Chemical methods to induce Beta-cell proliferation. Int J Endocrinol 2012; 2012:925143. [PMID: 22811709 PMCID: PMC3395230 DOI: 10.1155/2012/925143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta-cell regeneration, for example, by inducing proliferation, remains an important goal in developing effective treatments for diabetes. However, beta cells have mainly been considered quiescent. This "static" view has recently been challenged by observations of relevant physiological conditions in which metabolic stress is compensated by an increase in beta-cell mass. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlining these process could open the possibility of developing novel small molecules to increase beta-cell mass. Several cellular cell-cycle and signaling proteins provide attractive targets for high throughput screening, and recent advances in cell culture have enabled phenotypic screening for small molecule-induced beta-cell proliferation. We present here an overview of the current trends involving small-molecule approaches to induce beta-cell regeneration by proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Vetere
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bridget K. Wagner
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- *Bridget K. Wagner:
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Bastien-Dionne PO, Valenti L, Kon N, Gu W, Buteau J. Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibits the sirtuin deacetylase SirT1 to stimulate pancreatic β-cell mass expansion. Diabetes 2011; 60:3217-22. [PMID: 22013015 PMCID: PMC3219950 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The glucoincretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and stimulates pancreatic β-cell mass expansion. We have previously shown that the forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 is a prominent transcriptional effector of GLP-1 signaling in the β-cell. FoxO1 activity is subject to a complex regulation by Akt-dependent phosphorylation and SirT1-mediated deacetylation. In this study, we aimed at investigating the potential role of SirT1 in GLP-1 action. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS FoxO1 acetylation levels and binding to SirT1 were studied by Western immunoblot analysis in INS832/13 cells. SirT1 activity was evaluated using an in vitro deacetylation assay and correlated with the NAD(+)-to-NADH ratio. The implication of SirT1 in GLP-1-induced proliferation was investigated by BrdU incorporation assay. Furthermore, we determined β-cell replication and mass in wild-type and transgenic mice with SirT1 gain of function after daily administration of exendin-4 for 1 week. RESULTS Our data show that GLP-1 increases FoxO1 acetylation, decreases the binding of SirT1 to FoxO1, and stunts SirT1 activity in β-INS832/13 cells. GLP-1 decreases both the NAD(+)-to-NADH ratio and SirT1 expression in INS cells and isolated islets, thereby providing possible mechanisms by which GLP-1 could modulate SirT1 activity. Finally, the action of GLP-1 on β-cell mass expansion is abolished in both transgenic mice and cultured β-cells with increased dosage of SirT1. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows for the first time that the glucoincretin hormone GLP-1 modulates SirT1 activity and FoxO1 acetylation in β-cells. We also identify SirT1 as a negative regulator of β-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Bastien-Dionne
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Quebec (CRIUCPQ), Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universita' degli Studi di Milano and Ospedale Policlinico Fondazione Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Ning Kon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jean Buteau
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval and Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Quebec (CRIUCPQ), Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Corresponding author: Jean Buteau,
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Rodriguez-Rilo HL, Grigsby BM, Gruessner RWG. Pharmacologic strategies for improvement of islet survival: targeting the enterohormonal axis. Transpl Int 2011; 24:1156-8. [PMID: 22050184 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gao J, Tian L, Weng G, Bhagroo NV, Sorenson RL, O'Brien TD, Luo J, Guo Z. Stimulating beta cell replication and improving islet graft function by GPR119 agonists. Transpl Int 2011; 24:1124-34. [PMID: 21902730 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) is predominantly expressed in β cells and intestinal L cells. In this study, we investigated whether oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a GPR119 endogenous ligand, and PSN632408, a GPR119 synthetic agonist, can stimulate β-cell replication in vitro and in vivo and improve islet graft function in diabetic mice. We found that OEA and PSN632408 significantly increased numbers of insulin(+)/5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)(+) β cells in cultured mouse islets in a dose-dependent manner. All diabetic recipient mice, given marginal syngeneic islet transplants with OEA or PSN632408 or vehicle, achieved normoglycemia at 4 weeks after transplantation. However, normoglycemia was achieved significantly faster in OEA- or PSN632408-treated diabetic mice than in vehicle-treated diabetic mice (P < 0.05). The percentage of insulin(+)/BrdU(+) β cells in islet grafts in OEA- and PSN632408-treated mice was significantly higher than in vehicle-treated mice (P < 0.01). Our data demonstrated that OEA and PSN632408 can stimulate β-cell replication in vitro and in vivo and improve islet graft function. Targeting GPR119 is a novel therapeutic approach to increase β-cell mass and to improve islet graft function by stimulating β-cell replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Surgery and Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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