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Zhong C, Liu T, Diao J, Li X, Liu M, Wang Y. Preparation and characterization of astaxanthin-loaded liposomes by phytosterol oleate instead of cholesterol. Food Chem 2025; 462:141008. [PMID: 39217746 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Hydrophobic bioactive compounds like astaxanthin (AST) exhibit poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Liposomes, which serve as nanocarriers, are known for their excellent biocompatibility and minimal immunogenicity. Traditionally, liposomes have been primarily constructed using phospholipids and cholesterol. However, the intake of cholesterol may pose a risk to human health. Phytosterol ester was reported to reduce level of cholesterol and improve properties of liposomes. In this study, phytosterol oleate was used to prepare liposomes instead of cholesterol to deliver AST (AST-P-Lip). The size range of AST-P-Lip was 100-220 nm, and the morphology was complete and uniform. In vitro studies showed that AST-P-Lip significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity and oral bioavailability of AST. During simulated digestion, AST-P-Lip protected AST from damage by gastric and intestinal digestive fluid. Additionally, AST-P-Lip had a good storage stability and safety. These results provide references for the preparation of novel liposomes and the delivery of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhong
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266104, China; Municipal Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Biological Quality Evaluation and Application, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Tianhong Liu
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266104, China; Municipal Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Biological Quality Evaluation and Application, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Jing Diao
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266104, China; Municipal Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Biological Quality Evaluation and Application, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Xueting Li
- Haide College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266104, China; Municipal Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Biological Quality Evaluation and Application, Qingdao 266104, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266104, China; Municipal Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Biological Quality Evaluation and Application, Qingdao 266104, China.
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2
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Raheema Sharafudeen R, Abraham A. Hepatoprotective potential of coconut inflorescence sap against paracetamol induced toxicity in hep G2 cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 193:114946. [PMID: 39181230 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Coconut Inflorescence Sap (CIS) is the sweet, oyster-white colored, non-fermented juice obtained from the immature inflorescence of the Coconut tree. Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, or paracetamol) is one of the most frequently used drugs worldwide as an antipyretic or analgesic. HepG2 cell lines were used as an experimental model for studying in vitro hepatotoxicity induced by Paracetamol. The present study aims to identify biologically active compounds of CIS using LCMS analysis and to elucidate the ameliorative potential of CIS in alleviating paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 17 bioactive compounds. HepG2 cells were pretreated with Paracetamol (20 mM) for inducing toxicity, and Silymarin at a concentration of 50 μg/ml was used as a standard drug. The morphological analysis and MTT assay showed effective recovery from toxicity in cells treated with CIS in a dose-dependent manner. CIS at 25 μg/ml potentially showed the highest percentage of inhibitory activity against the toxicity induced by paracetamol. The treatment with paracetamol significantly increased the indicators of liver toxicity - LDH, SGOT, SGPT, and Glut.S Transferase in the media.CIS administration also increased the total protein levels, SOD, and Catalase activity. The morphological analysis, MTT assay, cytocompatibility studies, determination of enzymatic activities, etc., confirms the significant hepatoprotective efficacy of CIS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annie Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Gräfenhahn M, Beyrer M. Plant-Based Meat Analogues in the Human Diet: What Are the Hazards? Foods 2024; 13:1541. [PMID: 38790841 PMCID: PMC11121679 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Research regarding meat analogues is mostly based on formulation and process development. Information concerning their safety, shelf life, and long-term nutritional and health effects is limited. This article reviews the existing literature and analyzes potential hazards introduced or modified throughout the processing chain of plant-based meat analogues via extrusion processing, encompassing nutritional, microbiological, chemical, and allergen aspects. It was found that the nutritional value of plant-based raw materials and proteins extracted thereof increases along the processing chain. However, the nutritional value of plant-based meat analogues is lower than that of e.g., animal-based products. Consequently, higher quantities of these products might be needed to achieve a nutritional profile similar to e.g., meat. This could lead to an increased ingestion of undigestible proteins and dietary fiber. Although dietary fibers are known to have many positive health benefits, they present a hazard since their consumption at high concentrations might lead to gastrointestinal reactions. Even though there is plenty of ongoing research on this topic, it is still not clear how the sole absorption of metabolites derived from plant-based products compared with animal-based products ultimately affects human health. Allergens were identified as a hazard since plant-based proteins can induce an allergic reaction, are known to have cross-reactivities with other allergens and cannot be eliminated during the processing of meat analogues. Microbiological hazards, especially the occurrence of spore- and non-spore-forming bacteria, do not represent a particular case if requirements and regulations are met. Lastly, it was concluded that there are still many unknown variables and open questions regarding potential hazards possibly present in meat analogues, including processing-related compounds such as n-nitrosamines, acrylamide, and heterocyclic aromatic amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gräfenhahn
- Institute of Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis (HES-SO VS), 1950 Sion, Switzerland
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Garg G, Bharadwaj A, Chaudhary S, Gupta V. Chemical profiling of bioactive compounds in the methanolic extract of wild leaf and callus of Vitex negundo using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. World J Exp Med 2024; 14:88064. [PMID: 38590309 PMCID: PMC10999060 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i1.88064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The investigation of plant-based therapeutic agents in medicinal plants has revealed their presence in the extracts and provides the vision to formulate novel techniques for drug therapy. Vitex negundo (V. negundo), a perennial herb belonging to the Varbanaceae family, is extensively used in conventional medication. AIM To determine the existence of therapeutic components in leaf and callus extracts from wild V. negundo plants using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). METHODS In this study, we conducted GC-MS on wild plant leaf extracts and correlated the presence of constituents with those in callus extracts. Various growth regulators such as 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), α-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), and di-phenylurea (DPU) were added to plant leaves and in-vitro callus and grown on MS medium. RESULTS The results clearly indicated that the addition of BAP (2.0 mg/L), 2,4-D (0.2 mg/mL), DPU (2.0 mg/L) and 2,4-D (0.2 mg/mL) in MS medium resulted in rapid callus development. The plant profile of Vitex extracts by GC-MS analysis showed that 24, 10, and 14 bioactive constituents were detected in the methanolic extract of leaf, green callus and the methanolic extract of white loose callus, respectively. CONCLUSION Octadecadienoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and methyl ester were the major constituents in the leaf and callus methanolic extract. Octadecadienoic acid was the most common constituent in all samples. The maximum concentration of octadecadienoic acid in leaves, green callus and white loose callus was 21.93%, 47.79% and 40.38%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the concentration of octadecadienoic acid doubles in-vitro compared to in-vivo. In addition to octadecadienoic acid; butyric acid, benzene, 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl), dospan, tridecanedialdehyde, methylcyclohexenylbutanol, chlorpyrifos, n-secondary terpene diester, anflunine and other important active compounds were also detected. All these components were only available in callus formed in-vitro. This study showed that the callus contained additional botanical characteristics compared with wild plants. Due to the presence of numerous bioactive compounds, the medical use of Vitex for various diseases has been accepted and the plant is considered an important source of therapeutics for research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Garg
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida 201312, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Bharadwaj
- Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Chaudhary
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida 201312, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Veena Gupta
- Division of Germplasm Conservation, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, New Delhi, India
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Wang CC, Kang L, Zuo BL, Peng X, Li HW, Zhou N, Li K. Gleditsiae sinensis fructus Pills combined with Jujubae fructus attenuate chronic bronchitis via regulation of AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117191. [PMID: 37717840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gleditsiae sinensis fructus Pills (GF) is a famous classical prescription, that is regularly combined with Jujubae fructus (JF) for the treatment of chronic bronchitis (CB) in the clinic. While the clinical efficacy of this combination prescription is clearly established, the active ingredients and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the mechanisms of action of Gleditsiae sinensis fructus Pills combined with Jujubae fructus (GF&JF) against CB based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. MATERIALS AND METHODS The potential targets of GF&JF involved in therapeutic activity against CB were predicted based on network pharmacology and an "ingredients-targets" network constructed. The Metascape database was used for Module, GO functional and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analyses of potential targets. Molecular docking was applied to simulate the binding activities of key candidate active ingredients to core targets. For experimental verification, a CB model was established through smoking and nasal cavity drip of lipopolysaccharide. Related inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-6 and IL-8 in serum, and IL-4 IL-8, IFN-γ and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), were detected using ELISA. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining were performed to observe pathological changes in lung and tracheal tissue. The expression of related proteins and mRNAs in the lung tissue were detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real-time PCR, and western blot. RESULTS In network pharmacology, 36 common targets of GF&JF for CB were screened and the key targets and main signaling pathways identified. The active ingredients quercetin and stigmasterol in GF&JF had more targets for CB, which displayed good binding activity to IL-6, VEGFA, and EGFR, as established from molecular docking results. In vivo, GF&JF effectively inhibit the inflammatory response in CB mice and improved pathological changes in lung and tracheal tissue. In terms of the key proteins of the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, GF&JF induced significant down-regulation of IL-6, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, EGFR, CASPASE-3, AGEs and RAGE proteins in lung tissue as well as mRNA expression of IL-6, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, EGFR, AGEs and RAGE. CONCLUSIONS The GF&JF combination exerts a good therapeutic effect in CB model mice, which may be attributed to inhibition of the inflammatory response as well as regulation on the expression of AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. In addition, quercetin and stigmasterol appear to be the main active ingredients of GF&JF in the treatment of CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Le Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Bei-Lei Zuo
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xin Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Ning Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Kai Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R, Zhengzhou, China.
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Yalcinkaya A, Öztaş YE, Sabuncuoğlu S. Sterols in Inflammatory Diseases: Implications and Clinical Utility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:261-275. [PMID: 38036884 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic steroid skeleton, with its 4-ringed 17-carbon structure, is one of the most recognizable organic compounds in biochemistry. In the presence of a hydroxyl ion bound to the third carbon, this structure is defined as a "sterol" (chemical formula: C17H28O). The hydroxyl group provides a hydrophilic site for the otherwise hydrophobic molecule, yielding an amphipathic lipid, which is a vital property for cellular function. It is crucial to remark that the term "steroid" describes a larger group of compounds that often retain the hydroxyl group but are primarily characterized by methyl groups, double bonds in the rings, and an aliphatic side-chain extending from the 17th carbon. In addition to serving various structural roles in the cellular membrane, sterols and steroids contribute to cellular and systemic functions as messengers, hormones, and regulators of several critical metabolic pathways.Sterol nomenclature is often confusing, partly due to structural complexity and partly due to the sheer number of different compounds that fall under the definition. Fortunately, the foremost sterols of interest in biochemistry are much fewer, and therefore, these lipids have been defined and studied vigorously. With the renaissance of lipid research during the 1990s and 2000s, many different metabolites of sterols, and more specifically phytosterols, were found to be associated with various diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, cancer, obesity, inflammation, diabetes, and inborn errors of metabolism; thus, it is evident that the ever-evolving research in this field has been, and will continue to be, exceedingly productive.With respect to inflammation and inflammatory diseases, plant-based sterols (i.e., phytosterols) have gained considerable fame due to their anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering effects demonstrated by experimental and clinical research. Besides, the exceptional pharmacological benefits of these sterols, which operate as antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-atherosclerotic agents, have been the subject of various investigations. While the underlying mechanisms necessitate further research, the possible function of phytosterols in improving health outcomes is an important topic to explore.In this regard, the current review aims to offer comprehensive information on the therapeutic potential of plant-based sterols in the context of human health, with a focus on preclinical effects, bioavailability, and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yalcinkaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yeşim Er Öztaş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Garcia C, Andersen CJ, Blesso CN. The Role of Lipids in the Regulation of Immune Responses. Nutrients 2023; 15:3899. [PMID: 37764683 PMCID: PMC10535783 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays a major role in the regulation of the immune system. Exogenous (dietary and microbial-derived) and endogenous (non-microbial-derived) lipids play a direct role in regulating immune cell activation, differentiation and expansion, and inflammatory phenotypes. Understanding the complexities of lipid-immune interactions may have important implications for human health, as certain lipids or immune pathways may be beneficial in circumstances of acute infection yet detrimental in chronic inflammatory diseases. Further, there are key differences in the lipid effects between specific immune cell types and location (e.g., gut mucosal vs. systemic immune cells), suggesting that the immunomodulatory properties of lipids may be tissue-compartment-specific, although the direct effect of dietary lipids on the mucosal immune system warrants further investigation. Importantly, there is recent evidence to suggest that lipid-immune interactions are dependent on sex, metabolic status, and the gut microbiome in preclinical models. While the lipid-immune relationship has not been adequately established in/translated to humans, research is warranted to evaluate the differences in lipid-immune interactions across individuals and whether the optimization of lipid-immune interactions requires precision nutrition approaches to mitigate or manage disease. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which lipids regulate immune responses and the influence of dietary lipids on these processes, highlighting compelling areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher N. Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (C.G.); (C.J.A.)
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Mahomoodally MF, Khadaroo SK, Hosenally M, Zengin G, Rebezov M, Ali Shariati M, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Algarni AS, Simal-Gandara J. Nutritional, medicinal and functional properties of different parts of the date palm and its fruit ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) - A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7748-7803. [PMID: 37070182 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2191285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Appraised for being one of the oldest staple nutritive foods mainly in the Arabian Peninsula, the date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.), is a crop native to the subtropical and tropical regions of Southern Asia and Africa. Different parts of the date tree have been extensively studied for their nutritional and therapeutic properties. Despite an array of publications on the date tree, there has been no attempt to compile in a single study the traditional uses, nutritive value, phytochemical profile, the medicinal properties as well as the potential of the different plant parts as a functional food. Therefore, this review endeavors to systematically review the scientific literature to highlight the traditional uses of date fruit and parts around the world, the nutritional profile of several parts and the medicinal properties. A total of 215 studies was retrieved (traditional uses (n = 26), nutritional (n = 52), and medicinal (n = 84)). Scientific articles were further categorized as in vitro (n = 33), in vivo (n = 35), and clinical (n = 16) evidences. Date seeds were found to be effective against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Aqueous date pollen was used to manage hormonal problems and boost fertility. Palm leaves showed anti-hyperglycemic effects via inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Unlike previous studies, this study highlighted the functional roles of all the plant parts of the palm tree and provided insights into the various mechanism of action of their bioactive compounds. Although scientific shreds of evidence have been growing over the years, there is still a dearth of studies concerning the clinical validation of the date fruit and other plant parts to provide strong evidence on their medicinal uses. In conclusion, P. dactylifera can be regarded as a potent medicinal plant with prophylactic potential and should be further explored to alleviate the burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, India
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Shahana Khatoon Khadaroo
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Muzzammil Hosenally
- Department of Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
- Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry, Semey Branch of the Institute, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanood S Algarni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
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Shen J, Liu Y, Wang X, Bai J, Lin L, Luo F, Zhong H. A Comprehensive Review of Health-Benefiting Components in Rapeseed Oil. Nutrients 2023; 15:999. [PMID: 36839357 PMCID: PMC9962526 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed oil is the third most consumed culinary oil in the world. It is well-known for its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, which make it of great nutritional value. There is increasing evidence that a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids offers health benefits. Although the consumption of rapeseed oil cuts across many areas around the world, the nutritional elements of rapeseed oil and the exact efficacy of the nutrients remain unclear. In this review, we systematically summarized the latest studies on functional rapeseed components to ascertain which component of canola oil contributes to its function. Apart from unsaturated fatty acids, there are nine functional components in rapeseed oil that contribute to its anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective, among others. These nine functional components are vitamin E, flavonoids, squalene, carotenoids, glucoraphanin, indole-3-Carbinol, sterols, phospholipids, and ferulic acid, which themselves or their derivatives have health-benefiting properties. This review sheds light on the health-benefiting effects of rapeseed oil in the hope of further development of functional foods from rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Shen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- The Research and Development Department, Hunan Jinjian Cereals Industry, Changde 415001, China
| | - Yejia Liu
- The Research and Development Department, Hunan Jinjian Cereals Industry, Changde 415001, China
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415006, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jie Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lizhong Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- The Research and Development Department, Hunan Jinjian Cereals Industry, Changde 415001, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Haiyan Zhong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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10
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Efficacy of Submicron Dispersible Free Phytosterols on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030979. [PMID: 36769628 PMCID: PMC9918217 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No pharmacological treatment is yet approved for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Plant sterols have shown healthy properties beyond lowering LDL-cholesterol, including lowering triglycerides and lipoprotein plasma levels. Despite pre-clinical data suggesting their involvement in liver fat control, no clinical study has yet been successful. AIMS Testing a sub-micron, free, phytosterol dispersion efficacy on NAFLD. METHODS A prospective, uncontrolled pilot study was carried out on 26 patients with ≥17.4% liver steatosis quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects consumed daily a sub-micron dispersion providing 2 g of phytosterols. Liver fat, plasma lipids, lipoproteins, liver enzymes, glycemia, insulinemia, phytosterols, liposoluble vitamins and C-reactive protein were assessed at baseline and after one year of treatment. RESULTS Liver steatosis relative change was -19%, and 27% of patients reduced liver fat by more than 30%. Statistically and clinically significant improvements in plasma triglycerides, HDL-C, VLDL and HDL particle number and C-reactive protein were obtained, despite the rise of aspartate aminotransferase, glycemia and insulinemia. Though phytosterol plasma levels were raised by >30%, no adverse effects were presented, and even vitamin D increased by 23%. CONCLUSIONS Our results are the first evidence in humans of the efficacy of submicron dispersible phytosterols for the treatment of liver steatosis, dyslipidemia and inflammatory status in NAFLD.
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11
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Xie T, Liu W, Chen Y, Zhou Y. An evaluation of graded levels of beta-sitosterol supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, and intestinal permeability-related parameters and morphology in broiler chickens at an early age. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102108. [PMID: 36099659 PMCID: PMC9472065 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the effects of different levels of beta-sitosterol (BS) supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, redox status, and intestinal permeability-related parameters and morphology of young broilers. Two hundred and forty male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were allocated into 5 groups of 6 replicates with 8 birds each, and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg BS for 21-d, respectively. The BS quadratically decreased feed conversion ratio during 1 to 14 d and 1 to 21 d, with its effect being more prominent at 25 or 50 mg/kg (P < 0.05). The BS linearly and quadratically reduced 14-d plasma diamine oxidase activity and D-lactate level, and this effect was more pronounced when its supplemental level was 25 or 50 mg/kg (P < 0.05). The BS linearly increased duodenal villus height (VH) and quadratically increased jejunal VH and ratio of VH and crypt depth (CD) at 14 d, and these effects in 25 mg/kg group were more remarkable (P < 0.05). Similarly, BS linearly or quadratically increased VH and ratio of VH and CD, but decreased CD in the jejunum and ileum at 21 d, with these effects being more pronounced at 50 mg/kg (P < 0.05). The BS supplementation especially at 50 or 75 mg/kg linearly or quadratically reduced 14-d serum and 21-d hepatic malondialdehyde concentration, and increased serum glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities at 14 and 21 d (P < 0.05). Moreover, the BS administration linearly and/or quadratically increased glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione level, and reduced malondialdehyde accumulation in the intestinal mucosa at 14 and/or 21 d, and these consequences were more significant in 50 to 100 mg/kg BS-supplemented groups (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that BS administration could improve growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and antioxidant status of broilers at an early age, with these effects being more pronounced at a level of 50 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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Protic O, Di Pillo R, Montesanto A, Galeazzi R, Matacchione G, Giuliani A, Sabbatinelli J, Gurău F, Silvestrini A, Olivieri F, Antonicelli R, Bonfigli AR. Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Test the Effects of a Nutraceutical Combination Monacolin K-Free on the Lipid and Inflammatory Profile of Subjects with Hypercholesterolemia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142812. [PMID: 35889769 PMCID: PMC9324786 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutraceutical combinations (NCs) against hypercholesterolemia are increasing in the marketplace. However, the availability of NCs without monacolin K is scarce even though the statin-intolerant population needs it. METHODS This study is a parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. We evaluated the effects of the NC containing phytosterols, bergamot, olive fruits, and vitamin K2 on lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers in 118 subjects (mean age ± SD, 57.9 ± 8.8 years; 49 men and 69 women) with hypercholesterolemia (mean total cholesterol ± SD, 227.4 ± 20.8 mg/dL) without clinical history of cardiovascular diseases. At baseline and 6 and 12 weeks of treatment, we evaluated lipid profile (total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides), safety (liver, kidney, and muscle parameters), and inflammatory biomarkers such as hs-CRP, leukocytes, interleukin-32, and interleukin-38 and inflammatory-microRNAs (miRs) miR-21, miR-126, and miR-146a. RESULTS Compared to the placebo, at 6 and 12 weeks, NC did not significantly reduce total cholesterol (p = 0.083), LDL cholesterol (p = 0.150), and triglycerides (p = 0.822). No changes were found in hs-CRP (p = 0.179), interleukin-32 (p = 0.587), interleukin-38 (p = 0.930), miR-21 (p = 0.275), miR-126 (p = 0.718), miR-146a (p = 0.206), myoglobin (p = 0.164), and creatine kinase (p = 0.376). Among the two reported, only one adverse event was probably related to the nutraceutical treatment. CONCLUSIONS The evaluated nutraceutical combination did not change serum lipid profile and inflammatory parameters, at least not with the daily dose applied in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Protic
- Cardiology Unit, Italian National Research Center on Aging, IRCCS INRCA, 60127 Ancona, Italy; (O.P.); (R.D.P.); (R.A.)
| | - Raffaele Di Pillo
- Cardiology Unit, Italian National Research Center on Aging, IRCCS INRCA, 60127 Ancona, Italy; (O.P.); (R.D.P.); (R.A.)
| | - Alberto Montesanto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Roberta Galeazzi
- Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostic, Italian National Research Center on Aging, IRCCS INRCA, 60127 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Giulia Matacchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (F.G.); (A.S.); (F.O.)
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (F.G.); (A.S.); (F.O.)
| | - Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (F.G.); (A.S.); (F.O.)
| | - Felicia Gurău
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (F.G.); (A.S.); (F.O.)
| | - Andrea Silvestrini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (F.G.); (A.S.); (F.O.)
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (F.G.); (A.S.); (F.O.)
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, Italian National Research Center on Aging, IRCCS INRCA, 60127 Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Antonicelli
- Cardiology Unit, Italian National Research Center on Aging, IRCCS INRCA, 60127 Ancona, Italy; (O.P.); (R.D.P.); (R.A.)
| | - Anna Rita Bonfigli
- Scientific Direction, Italian National Research Center on Aging, IRCCS INRCA, 60127 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Stanasila L, Marques-Vidal P. Serum Phytosterols Are Not Associated with Inflammatory Markers in Two Cross-Sectional, Swiss Population-Based Studies (The CoLaus|PsyCoLaus Study). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122500. [PMID: 35745232 PMCID: PMC9229848 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between inflammation and dietary sterols remains poorly assessed at the population level. Aims: To assess the possible association between serum levels of various phytosterols (PS) and inflammatory markers. Methods: Serum levels of six PS (campesterol, campestanol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, sitostanol, brassicasterol), four cholesterol synthesis markers (lathosterol, lanosterol, desmosterol, dihydroxylanosterol) and one cholesterol absorption marker (cholestanol) were measured together with levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in two cross-sectional surveys of a population-based, prospective study. Results: CRP levels were negatively associated with levels of cholestanol and of sterols of plant origin, although some associations were not statistically significant. CRP levels were positively associated with cholesterol synthesis markers in the first but not in the second follow-up. IL-6 levels were negatively associated with cholestanol in both follow-ups. No associations between IL-6 levels and PS were found in the first follow-up, while significant negative associations with campesterol, sitosterol, brassicasterol, sitostanol and campesterol:TC ratio were found in the second follow-up. TNF-α levels were negatively associated with cholestanol in both follow-ups. These associations did not withstand adjusting for sex, age, BMI and statin administration. Conclusions: In a population-based study, PS serum levels were not significantly associated with inflammatory markers.
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Sohag AAM, Hossain MT, Rahaman MA, Rahman P, Hasan MS, Das RC, Khan MK, Sikder MH, Alam M, Uddin MJ, Rahman MH, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Islam T, Moon IS, Hannan MA. Molecular pharmacology and therapeutic advances of the pentacyclic triterpene lupeol. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:154012. [PMID: 35286936 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant triterpenoids are major sources of nutraceuticals that provide many health benefits to humans. Lupeol is one of the pentacyclic dietary triterpenoids commonly found in many fruits and vegetables, which is highly investigated for its pharmacological effect and benefit to human health. PURPOSE This systematic review critically discussed the potential pharmacological benefits of lupeol and its derivatives as evidenced by various cellular and animal model studies. To gain insight into the pharmacological effects of lupeol, the network pharmacological approach is applied. Pharmacokinetics and recent developments in nanotechnology-based approaches to targeted delivery of lupeol along with its safety use are also discussed. METHODS This study is dependent on the systematic and non-exhaustive literature survey for related research articles, papers, and books on the chemistry, pharmacological benefits, pharmacokinetics, and safety of lupeol published between 2011 and 2021. For online materials, the popular academic search engines viz. Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, ResearchGate, Springer, as well as official websites were explored with selected keywords. RESULTS Lupeol has shown promising benefits in the management of cancer and many other human diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, kidney and liver problems, skin diseases, and neurological disorders. The pharmacological effects of lupeol primarily rely on its capacity to revitalize the cellular antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Network pharmacological approach revealed some prospective molecular targets and pathways and presented some significant information that could help explain the pharmacological effects of lupeol and its derivatives. Despite significant progress in molecular pharmacology, the clinical application of lupeol is limited due to poor bioavailability and insufficient knowledge on its mode of action. Structural modification and nanotechnology-guided targeted delivery of lupeol improve the bioavailability and bioactivity of lupeol. CONCLUSION The pentacyclic triterpene lupeol possesses numerous human health-benefiting properties. This review updates current knowledge and critically discusses the pharmacological effects and potential applications of lupeol and its derivatives in human health and diseases. Future studies are needed to evaluate the efficacies of lupeol and its derivatives in the management and pathobiology of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tahmeed Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arifur Rahaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Papia Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | | | - Rakhal Chandra Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kibria Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 780-714, Korea
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka-1230, Bangladesh; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Md Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Md Abdul Hannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.
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Slavova I, Tomova T, Kusovska S, Chukova Y, Argirova M. Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Potential of Tamus communis Rhizomes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061851. [PMID: 35335214 PMCID: PMC8949886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamus communis L. is a plant distributed in a number of geographical areas whose rhizome has been used for centuries as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic remedy. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the chemical composition and biological activity of the extracts or individual compounds of the rhizome. The data for the principal secondary metabolites are systematized: sterols, steroidal saponins, phenanthrenes, dihydrophenanthrenes, etc. Results of biological tests for anti-inflammatory action, cytotoxicity, anticholinesterase effect, and xanthine oxidase inhibition are presented. Some open questions about the therapeutic properties of the plant are also addressed.
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Ranganathan N, Anteyi E. The Role of Dietary Fiber and Gut Microbiome Modulation in Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030183. [PMID: 35324680 PMCID: PMC8955792 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is one of the fundamental approaches to promoting and preventing all kinds of diseases, especially kidney diseases. Dietary fiber forms a significant aspect of renal nutrition in treating chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dietary fiber intake influences the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiome with proven roles in reducing uremic toxin production, preserving kidney function, and retarding the progression of CKD through mechanisms of regulating metabolic, immunological, and inflammatory processes. Understanding dietary fiber’s pathogenesis and mechanistic action in modulating host and microbiome interactions provides a potential adjunct therapeutic target for preventing, controlling, and treating CKD patients. In this regard, a recommendation of adequate and appropriate dietary fiber intake to restore beneficial gut microbiota composition would reduce the risks and complications associated with CKD. This mini review summarizes current evidence of the role of dietary fiber intake in modulating the gut microbiome to improve kidney health.
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Reinicke M, Leyh J, Zimmermann S, Chey S, Brkovic IB, Wassermann C, Landmann J, Lütjohann D, Isermann B, Bechmann I, Ceglarek U. Plant Sterol-Poor Diet Is Associated with Pro-Inflammatory Lipid Mediators in the Murine Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413207. [PMID: 34948003 PMCID: PMC8707069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant sterols (PSs) cannot be synthesized in mammals and are exclusively diet-derived. PSs cross the blood-brain barrier and may have anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Obesity is linked to lower intestinal uptake and blood levels of PSs, but its effects in terms of neuroinflammation—if any—remain unknown. We investigated the effect of high-fat diet-induced obesity on PSs in the brain and the effects of the PSs campesterol and β-sitosterol on in vitro microglia activation. Sterols (cholesterol, precursors, PSs) and polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived lipid mediators were measured in the food, blood, liver and brain of C57BL/6J mice. Under a PSs-poor high-fat diet, PSs levels decreased in the blood, liver and brain (>50%). This effect was reversible after 2 weeks upon changing back to a chow diet. Inflammatory thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin D2 were inversely correlated to campesterol and β-sitosterol levels in all brain regions. PSs content was determined post mortem in human cortex samples as well. In vitro, PSs accumulate in lipid rafts isolated from SIM-A9 microglia cell membranes. In summary, PSs levels in the blood, liver and brain were associated directly with PSs food content and inversely with BMI. PSs dampen pro-inflammatory lipid mediators in the brain. The identification of PSs in the human cortex in comparable concentration ranges implies the relevance of our findings for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Reinicke
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.R.); (S.Z.); (S.C.); (I.B.B.); (C.W.); (B.I.)
| | - Judith Leyh
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.L.); (J.L.); (I.B.)
| | - Silke Zimmermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.R.); (S.Z.); (S.C.); (I.B.B.); (C.W.); (B.I.)
| | - Soroth Chey
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.R.); (S.Z.); (S.C.); (I.B.B.); (C.W.); (B.I.)
| | - Ilijana Begcevic Brkovic
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.R.); (S.Z.); (S.C.); (I.B.B.); (C.W.); (B.I.)
| | - Christin Wassermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.R.); (S.Z.); (S.C.); (I.B.B.); (C.W.); (B.I.)
| | - Julia Landmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.L.); (J.L.); (I.B.)
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.R.); (S.Z.); (S.C.); (I.B.B.); (C.W.); (B.I.)
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.L.); (J.L.); (I.B.)
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.R.); (S.Z.); (S.C.); (I.B.B.); (C.W.); (B.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0049-341-97-2-2200
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Wagay NA, Rafiq S, Rather MA, Tantray YR, Lin F, Wani SH, El-Sabrout AM, Elansary HO, Mahmoud EA. Secondary Metabolite Profiling, Anti-Inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Activity of Neptunia triquetra (Vahl) Benth. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237353. [PMID: 34885934 PMCID: PMC8659018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the phytoconstituents of Neptunia triquetra (Vahl) Benth. Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of ethanol (EE), chloroform (CE) and dichloromethane (DCME) of stem extracts were evaluated using in vivo experimental models. The extracts were analyzed for phytoconstituents using GC-HRMS. Anti-inflammatory activity of CE, EE and DCME was accessed using carrageenan-induced paw oedema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma and the carrageenan-induced air-pouch model in Wistar albino rats. The hepatotoxicity-induced animal models were investigated for the biochemical markers in serum (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, total lipids and total protein) and liver (total protein, total lipids, GSH and wet liver weight). In the in vivo study, animals were divided into different groups (six in each group) for accessing the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity, respectively. GC-HRMS analysis revealed the presence of 102 compounds, among which 24 were active secondary metabolites. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of stem extracts was found in the order: indomethacin > chloroform extract (CE) > dichloromethane extract (DCME) > ethanolic extract (EE), and hepatoprotective activity of stem extracts in the order: CE > silymarin > EE > DCME. The results indicate that N. triquetra stem has a higher hepatoprotective effect than silymarin, however the anti-inflammatory response was in accordance with or lower than indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Aziz Wagay
- Botany Research Laboratory, Vidya Bharati Mahavidyalya College, Amravati 444602, Maharashtra, India;
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Baramulla 193101, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shah Rafiq
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Mohammad Aslam Rather
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College, Doda 182202, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Younas Rasheed Tantray
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Shabir Hussain Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Anantnag 192101, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-581216322
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt;
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Jayaraman S, Roy A, Vengadassalapathy S, Sekar R, Veeraraghavan VP, Rajagopal P, Rengasamy G, Mukherjee R, Sekar D, Manjunathan R. An Overview on the Therapeutic Function of Foods Enriched with Plant Sterols in Diabetes Management. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121903. [PMID: 34943006 PMCID: PMC8750040 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most significant health issues across the world. People identified with diabetes are more vulnerable to various infections and are at a greater risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. The plant-based food we consume often contains many sterol-based bioactive compounds. It is well documented that these compounds could effectively manage the processes of insulin metabolism and cholesterol regulation. Insulin resistance followed by hyperglycemia often results in oxidative stress level enhancement and increased reactive oxygen species production. At the molecular level, these changes induce apoptosis in pancreatic cells and hence lead to insulin insufficiency. Studies have proved that plant sterols can lower inflammatory and oxidative stress damage connected with DNA repair mechanisms. The effective forms of phyto compounds are polyphenols, terpenoids, and thiols abundant in vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds. The available conventional drug-based therapies for the prevention and management of diabetes are time-consuming, costly, and with life-threatening side effects. Thereby, the therapeutic management of diabetes with plant sterols available in our daily diet is highly welcome as there are no side effects. This review intends to offer an overview of the present scenario of the anti-diabetic compounds from food ingredients towards the therapeutic beneficial against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Anitha Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Srinivasan Vengadassalapathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Ramya Sekar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Gayathri Rengasamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Raktim Mukherjee
- Shree PM Patel Institute of PG Studies and Research in Science, Sardar Patel University, Anand 388001, India
| | - Durairaj Sekar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Reji Manjunathan
- Multi-Disciplinary Research Unit, Chengalpattu Government Medical College, Chengalpattu 60300, India
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Sterols and Triterpene Diols in Virgin Olive Oil: A Comprehensive Review on Their Properties and Significance, with a Special Emphasis on the Influence of Variety and Ripening Degree. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Olive oil is considered one of the most valuable vegetable oils and is highly appreciated by consumers for its specific and distinguishable taste and aroma, as well as its nutritional value. Sterols and triterpene diols are important carriers of bioactive properties of olive oil and are responsible for some of the beneficial effects of its consumption on human health, such as lowering serum LDL-cholesterol levels and significantly reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The concentration of total sterols and the proportions of particular sterols and triterpene diols are among the parameters used to verify and prove the authenticity of olive oil in accordance with the EU and other countries’ regulations. Finally, their composition has been shown to have high discrimination potential for ensuring traceability with respect to variety, geographical origin, harvest date, and other factors. For these reasons, the research on sterols and triterpene diols in olive oil is an ever-growing field of scientific interest with great practical importance. This review focuses on all the important aspects of sterols and triterpene diols in olive oil, from their chemical structure, biosynthesis, occurrence and role in plants, health benefits, and their use in official controls of olive oil purity and authenticity, to a conclusive survey on the recent findings about the effects of different factors of influence on their content and composition, with a detailed comparative analysis of studies that investigated the effects of the two most important factors, variety and ripening degree.
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Shin J, Song MH, Yu JW, Ko EY, Shang X, Oh JW, Keum YS, Saini RK. Anticancer Potential of Lipophilic Constituents of Eleven Shellfish Species Commonly Consumed in Korea. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1629. [PMID: 34679763 PMCID: PMC8533504 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the composition and contents and the major lipophilic compounds, including the sterols, fatty acids, and tocols of shellfish species. Moreover, to explore the antitumor activity of these lipophilic constituents, their cytotoxicity potentials were determined against five different human cancer cells, including colon carcinoma (HCT116), epithelial melanoma (A2058), glioblastoma multiforme (T98G), lung carcinoma (A549), and adenocarcinoma (HeLa). The results show a significant variation in the contents and composition of lipophilic constituents among the studied species. The highest omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were recorded from arrow squid and pacific oysters, accounting for 53.2% and 53.0% of their total fatty acids, respectively. However, the highest cholesterol content was also recorded in arrow squid (154.4 mg/100 g; 92.6% of total sterols). In contrast, in the Japanese littleneck, Yesso scallop, and common orient clam, cholesterol was just 17.1%, 18.3%, and 18.9% of total sterols, respectively, making them the richest source of non-cholesterol sterols (NCS). Lipids extracted from shellfish species showed ABTS+•- and DPPH•-scavenging activities. In the cytotoxicity analysis, lipids extracted from the Argentine red shrimp showed the highest cytotoxicity against glioblastoma multiforme T98G cells, with an IC50 value of 12.3 µg/mL. The composition and cytotoxicity data reported herein may help explore the nutritional and anticancer potentials of shellfish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (J.S.); (J.-W.O.)
| | - Min-Ho Song
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (M.-H.S.); (J.-W.Y.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Ji-Woo Yu
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (M.-H.S.); (J.-W.Y.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Eun-Young Ko
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea;
| | - Xiaomin Shang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (J.S.); (J.-W.O.)
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (M.-H.S.); (J.-W.Y.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (M.-H.S.); (J.-W.Y.); (Y.-S.K.)
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Saini RK, Song MH, Yu JW, Shang X, Keum YS. Phytosterol Profiling of Apiaceae Family Seeds Spices Using GC-MS. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102378. [PMID: 34681427 PMCID: PMC8535917 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols are nutritionally vital phytoconstituent owing to their cholesterol (low-density plasma lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C)-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Among the widely used spices and herbs, the seeds spices of the Apiaceae family represented the healthiest fatty acid profile. Thus, to explore the other health-beneficial lipids, the present study was aimed to analyze the phytosterol profile of eight seed spices of the Apiaceae family, utilizing gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS). The sterols contents calculated on an oil (mg/100 g of oil) and spice weight (mg/100 g spices; dry weight) basis varied significantly among the seed spices (p < 0.05; Turkey HSD). The β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were the most dominating sterols among the studied spices, together accounted for 40.3 (Ajwain) to 69.8% (celery) of total sterols in the seed oil. Among the studied spices, the oil extracted from caraway seeds showed the highest total sterols (602.2 mg/100 g of oil). Interestingly, based on spice weight, fennel seeds also showed the similar highest number of total sterols (134.2 mg/100 g in fennel and 133.3 mg/100 g in caraway), owing to the high contents of oil (25.9%) in fennel seeds. Overall, celery, caraway, fennel, and anise seeds oil are rich sources of health-beneficial phytosterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (R.K.S.); (M.-H.S.); (J.-W.Y.)
| | - Min-Ho Song
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (R.K.S.); (M.-H.S.); (J.-W.Y.)
| | - Ji-Woo Yu
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (R.K.S.); (M.-H.S.); (J.-W.Y.)
| | - Xiaomin Shang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (R.K.S.); (M.-H.S.); (J.-W.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Blumea lacera DC., accelerates the healing of acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in rats by regulating oxidative stress and colonic inflammation: in-vivo and in silico molecular docking experiments. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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van Vliet S, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Provenza FD, Kronberg SL, Pieper CF, Huffman KM. A metabolomics comparison of plant-based meat and grass-fed meat indicates large nutritional differences despite comparable Nutrition Facts panels. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13828. [PMID: 34226581 PMCID: PMC8257669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A new generation of plant-based meat alternatives-formulated to mimic the taste and nutritional composition of red meat-have attracted considerable consumer interest, research attention, and media coverage. This has raised questions of whether plant-based meat alternatives represent proper nutritional replacements to animal meat. The goal of our study was to use untargeted metabolomics to provide an in-depth comparison of the metabolite profiles a popular plant-based meat alternative (n = 18) and grass-fed ground beef (n = 18) matched for serving size (113 g) and fat content (14 g). Despite apparent similarities based on Nutrition Facts panels, our metabolomics analysis found that metabolite abundances between the plant-based meat alternative and grass-fed ground beef differed by 90% (171 out of 190 profiled metabolites; false discovery rate adjusted p < 0.05). Several metabolites were found either exclusively (22 metabolites) or in greater quantities in beef (51 metabolites) (all, p < 0.05). Nutrients such as docosahexaenoic acid (ω-3), niacinamide (vitamin B3), glucosamine, hydroxyproline and the anti-oxidants allantoin, anserine, cysteamine, spermine, and squalene were amongst those only found in beef. Several other metabolites were found exclusively (31 metabolites) or in greater quantities (67 metabolites) in the plant-based meat alternative (all, p < 0.05). Ascorbate (vitamin C), phytosterols, and several phenolic anti-oxidants such as loganin, sulfurol, syringic acid, tyrosol, and vanillic acid were amongst those only found in the plant-based meat alternative. Large differences in metabolites within various nutrient classes (e.g., amino acids, dipeptides, vitamins, phenols, tocopherols, and fatty acids) with physiological, anti-inflammatory, and/or immunomodulatory roles indicate that these products should not be viewed as truly nutritionally interchangeable, but could be viewed as complementary in terms of provided nutrients. The new information we provide is important for making informed decisions by consumers and health professionals. It cannot be determined from our data if either source is healthier to consume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan van Vliet
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - James R Bain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Scott L Kronberg
- Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Mandan, ND, USA
| | - Carl F Pieper
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Sañé E, Del Mondo A, Ambrosino L, Smerilli A, Sansone C, Brunet C. The Recent Advanced in Microalgal Phytosterols: Bioactive Ingredients Along With Human-Health Driven Potential Applications. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1938115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Sañé
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale Di Biologia, Ecologia E Biotecnologie Marine, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Del Mondo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale Di Biologia, Ecologia E Biotecnologie Marine, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrosino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale Di Biologia, Ecologia E Biotecnologie Marine, Napoli, Italy
| | - Arianna Smerilli
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale Di Biologia, Ecologia E Biotecnologie Marine, Napoli, Italy
| | - Clementina Sansone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale Di Biologia, Ecologia E Biotecnologie Marine, Napoli, Italy
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale Di Biologia, Ecologia E Biotecnologie Marine, Napoli, Italy
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Jahurul M, Patricia M, Shihabul A, Norazlina M, Ramlah George M, Noorakmar A, Lee J, Jumardi R, Jinap S, Zaidul I. A review on functional and nutritional properties of noni fruit seed (Morinda citrifolia L.) and its oil. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lumenato protects normal human dermal fibroblasts from neutrophil-induced collagen-3 damage in co-cultures. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248183. [PMID: 33730073 PMCID: PMC7968672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the major structural protein in the extracellular matrix of skin produced by fibroblasts. UV exposure results in infiltration of neutrophils within the epidermis and dermis, inducing collagen damage and contributing to the process of photo-aging. Collagen-3 is an integral structural component with collagen-1, and is an important regulator of collagen-1 fibrillogenesis. Addition of neutrophils activated with TNFα to normal human dermal fibroblast cultures, but not their supernatant, caused significant collagen-3 damage. To study whether Lumenato can protect from collagen-3 damage, it was added to co-cultures of Normal human dermal fibroblasts and neutrophils activated with TNFα. Lumenato prevented collagen-3 damage induced by activated neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner in the co-cultures. Lumenato also induced a low rate of collagen-3 synthesis in a dose-dependent manner detected by pro-collagen-3 secretion, but did not affect fibroblast cell number. Although Lumenato inhibited MMP-8, MMP-9, and elastase secreted from neutrophils, its main effect was in inhibiting both NADPH oxidase-producing superoxides and MPO activity-producing halides in a dose-dependent manner that correlated with protection from collagen-3 damage. In conclusion, the results suggest that Lumenato induces low levels of collagen-3 that may contribute for skin health and is very effective in defending the co-cultures from collagen-3 damage by inhibiting free radicals secreted from neutrophils, thus, indicating Lumenato's possible potential for skin protection.
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Simultaneous Determination of Tocopherols, Phytosterols, and Squalene in Vegetable Oils by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-01987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Liu W, Xiao B, Wang X, Chen J, Yang G. Solvent-free synthesis of phytosterol linoleic acid esters at low temperature. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10738-10746. [PMID: 35423575 PMCID: PMC8695894 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00798j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytosterol unsaturated fatty acid esters show much higher oil solubility than free phytosterol. Thus, development of a green and low-cost method for the preparation of phytosterol fatty acid esters is highly desirable in the food industry. Herein, we have developed a simple chemical method toward efficient preparation of phytosterol linoleic acid esters at very mild temperature (60 °C) using 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) as the catalyst. In this work, low-temperature esterification of phytosterols (soybean sterol) with linoleic acid could produce the corresponding phytosterol esters above 95% conversion under solvent-free conditions. In addition, this simple method could be applied to produce phytosterol esters through esterification of phytosterol with an unsaturated fatty acid mixture resulting from the hydrolysis of various vegetable oils. Importantly, no extra organic solvents and no extra water-removal operations or equipment were required in this chemical esterification method. The mechanism investigation suggested that the DBSA-catalyzed low-temperature esterification would form micro-emulsions of water-in-oil (W/O), which could achieve automatic separation of water from the hydrophobic system to avoid reverse reaction hydrolysis and rapidly promote the equilibrium reaction towards phytosterol esters. Herein, we have developed a simple chemical method toward efficient preparation of phytosterol linoleic acid esters through esterification at very mild temperature (60 °C) using 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) as the catalyst.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology Lianhua Street 100 Zhengzhou 450001 Henan Province P. R. China +086-371-67758022 +086-371-67758022
| | - Bing Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology Lianhua Street 100 Zhengzhou 450001 Henan Province P. R. China +086-371-67758022 +086-371-67758022
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology Lianhua Street 100 Zhengzhou 450001 Henan Province P. R. China +086-371-67758022 +086-371-67758022
| | - Jingnan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology Lianhua Street 100 Zhengzhou 450001 Henan Province P. R. China +086-371-67758022 +086-371-67758022
| | - Guolong Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology Lianhua Street 100 Zhengzhou 450001 Henan Province P. R. China +086-371-67758022 +086-371-67758022
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IVANESCU B, CORCIOVA A, VLASE L, GHELDIU AM, MIRON A, ABABEI DC, BILD V. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Artemisia extracts on animal models of nociception. BALNEO AND PRM RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.12680/balneo.2021.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The study aims to assess the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of extracts obtained from indigenous species of wormwood: Artemisia absinthium, A. annua, A. vulgaris and A. pontica.
Materials and methods. For these experiments, we employed nociception models using thermal stimulus (hot plate and tail immersion tests, t = 52.5 0C; 30, 60 and 90 minutes testing), chemical stimulus (Zymosan-induced abdominal constriction response test, using distinct lots and testing at 60, 90 and 120 minutes after administration of samples) and pressure stimulus (Randall Selitto test) and an inflammation model for the evaluation of inflammatory edema by Plethysmometer test. Groups of 6 Swiss mice / lot were used, receiving by oral administration the plant extracts suspended in 0.1% CMC-Na. The doses were administered in geometric progression. Chemical analyses were performed by HPLC-MS in order to identify bioactive substances present in extracts: methoxylated flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, phytosterols and hydroxycinnamic acids.
Results and discussion. All plant extracts showed antinociceptive action on the models with thermal stimulus, as demonstrated by the ED50 values obtained at different test times. In the models of nociception with chemical and mechanical stimulus, models based on inflammatory mediation, the studied fractions have partially proved their antinociceptive action. Regarding the degree of inhibition of inflammatory edema, the highest potency was exhibited by Artemisia pontica extract (86.5% inhibition for the dose of 100 mg/kg). Hispidulin and eupatorin, known anti-inflammatory compounds, were identified in all extracts, along with caffeic and chlorogenic acids, stigmasterol, campesterol and β-sitosterol.
Conclusions. The obtained results support the use of these plant extracts in moderate intensity pain, triggered by both central and peripheral mechanisms.
Keywords: hot-plate test, tail immersion test, abdominal constrictive response, Randall-Selitto test, inflammatory edema,
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca IVANESCU
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
| | - Andreia CORCIOVA
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
| | - Laurian VLASE
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria GHELDIU
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca MIRON
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
| | - Daniela Carmen ABABEI
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
| | - Veronica BILD
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iași, Romania
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Akinloye OA, Akinloye DI, Onigbinde SB, Metibemu DS. Phytosterols demonstrate selective inhibition of COX-2: In-vivo and in-silico studies of Nicotiana tabacum. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104037. [PMID: 32707278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) enzyme by Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exposes the gastrointestinal mucosa to peptic injuries. Selective inhibition of COX-2 generates surpassing anti-inflammatory drug candidates with reduced side effects over current NSAIDs. Phytosterols consumption is reported to decrease the risk of cardiovascular problems. Reports on the selective inhibition of COX-2 by phytosterols are scarce. The present study assesses the anti-inflammatory potentials of phytosterols from Nicotiana tabacum (of the family Solanaceae) through selective inhibition of COX-1 and/or COX-2. Virtual High Throughput Screening (vHTS) and Molecular Docking of phytochemicals from Nicotiana tabacum against the catalytic pockets of COX-1 and COX-2 were used to identify the lead bioactive(s) components of the plant. The hit phytosterols were isolated, histopathological examination of the stomach, in-vivo COX-1/COX-2 mRNAs expression patterns in the liver through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions, and enzymes activities of Nicotiana tabacum phytosterol isolates (NTPI) in HCl/ethanol-induced inflammation in Wistar rats were all investigated. Formation of hydrogen bonds favour selective inhibition of COX-2 while hydrophobic interactions favour selective inhibition of COX-1. NTPI demonstrates inhibition of COX-2 by down-regulate the expression of COX-2 mRNA and were ineffective against the expression COX-1 mRNA. NTPI demonstrates hepatoprotective abilities by improving the antioxidant defense system of the liver. Histopathological analyses show NTPI at 50 mg/kg bodyweight regenerates the parietal cells and maintain the gastrointestinal architecture. Drug likeness prediction and ADME toxicity screening show that phytosterols possess good oral bioavailability with no side effects. Phytosterols are selective inhibitors of COX-2, they are hepatoprotective, regenerate parietal cells, and non-toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Adeboye Akinloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Phytomedicine, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - D Ibukun Akinloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Phytomedicine, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - S Bamidele Onigbinde
- Department of Biochemistry, Phytomedicine, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - D Samuel Metibemu
- Department of Biochemistry, Phytomedicine, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.
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Narváez-Cuenca CE, Inampues-Charfuelan ML, Hurtado-Benavides AM, Parada-Alfonso F, Vincken JP. The phenolic compounds, tocopherols, and phytosterols in the edible oil of guava (Psidium guava) seeds obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jiang K, Gachumi G, Poudel A, Shurmer B, Bashi Z, El-Aneed A. The Establishment of Tandem Mass Spectrometric Fingerprints of Phytosterols and Tocopherols and the Development of Targeted Profiling Strategies in Vegetable Oils. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1700-1712. [PMID: 31111414 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols and tocopherols are essential for plant biochemistry, and they possess beneficial health effects for humans. Evaluating the tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) behavior of phytosterols and tocopherols is needed for the development of a qualitative and quantitative method for these biologically active plant metabolites. Herein, the MS/MS dissociation behavior of phytosterols and tocopherols is elucidated to establish generalized MS/MS fingerprints. MS/MS and multistage (MS3) analysis revealed common fragmentation behavior among the four tested phytosterols, namely β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and brassicasterol. Similar analysis was conducted for the tocopherols (i.e., alpha (α), beta (β), gamma (γ), and delta (δ)). As such, a universal MS/MS fragmentation pathway for each group was successfully established for the first time. Based on the generalized MS/MS fragmentation behavior of phytosterols, diagnostic product ions were chosen for the development of profiling methods for over 20 naturally occurring phytosterols. A precursor ion scan-triggered-enhanced product ion scan (PIS-EPI) method was established. Due to enhanced chromatographic peaks, multiple ion monitoring-triggered-enhanced product ion scan (MIM-EPI) was employed for confirmation. The screening approach was applied successfully to identify blinded samples obtained from standard mixtures as well as sesame and olive oils. The oil samples contain other phytosterols, and their successful identification indicates that, the generalized MS/MS fragmentation behavior is applicable to various structures of phytosterols. A similar approach was attempted for tocopherols and was only hindered by the low concentration of these bioactive metabolites present in the oil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Jiang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - George Gachumi
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Asmita Poudel
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Bryn Shurmer
- Government of Canada, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Zafer Bashi
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Hernández-Flores ME, Torres-Valencia JM, Cariño-Cortés R, Ortiz MI, López-Ruiz H, Rojas-Lima S, Cerda-García-Rojas CM, Joseph-Nathan P. In search of safe pain relief: The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of phytosteryl ibuprofenates. Steroids 2019; 149:108420. [PMID: 31153933 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
β-Sitosteryl (S)-ibuprofenate (2), stigmasteryl (S)-ibuprofenate (3), ergosteryl (S)-ibuprofenate (4), and cholesteryl (S)-ibuprofenate (5) were prepared in 70-75% yields by Steglich esterification and were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR, as well as by MS. The new esters were evaluated in in vivo pain models of antinociception and anti-inflammation using the writhing, formalin, and carrageenan tests, in mice and rats, and the results were compared with those of (S)-ibuprofen (1). Damage to the gastric mucosa of animals was also assessed. The results indicated that 2-5 have comparable or eventually better activity than 1 at the same mg/kg doses. Since the molecular weight ratio of esters 2-5 to ibuprofen is about 3-1, the amount of truly incorporated ibuprofen was roughly one third to achieve similar effects. This resulted in minimal gastrointestinal damage in the stomach of the animals, in contrast to the large gastric injury caused by (S)-ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elena Hernández-Flores
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, km 4.5 Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42184, Mexico
| | - J Martín Torres-Valencia
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, km 4.5 Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42184, Mexico.
| | - Raquel Cariño-Cortés
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo 42090, Mexico.
| | - Mario I Ortiz
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo 42090, Mexico
| | - Heraclio López-Ruiz
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, km 4.5 Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42184, Mexico
| | - Susana Rojas-Lima
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, km 4.5 Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42184, Mexico
| | - Carlos M Cerda-García-Rojas
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
| | - Pedro Joseph-Nathan
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
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Phytosterol Contents of Edible Oils and Their Contributions to Estimated Phytosterol Intake in the Chinese Diet. Foods 2019; 8:foods8080334. [PMID: 31404986 PMCID: PMC6723959 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols are important micronutrients in human diets. Evidence has shown that phytosterols play an essential role in the reduction of cholesterol in blood and therefore decrease cardiovascular morbidity. In this study, the content and composition of phytosterols in different kinds of vegetable oils were analyzed, and the total phytosterol intake and contribution of foods to intake were estimated based on consumption data. The results showed that the phytosterol contents of rice bran oil, corn oil, and rapeseed oil were higher than those of other vegetable oils and the intake of phytosterol in the Chinese diet was about 392.3 mg/day. The main sources of phytosterols were edible vegetable oils (46.3%), followed by cereals (38.9%), vegetables (9.2%), nuts (2.0%), fruits (1.5%), beans and bean products (1.4%), and tubers (0.8%). Among all vegetable oils, rapeseed oil was the main individual contributor to phytosterol intake (22.9%), especially for the southern residents of China.
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Ubeyitogullari A, Moreau R, Rose DJ, Ciftci ON. In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Low-Crystallinity Phytosterol Nanoparticles Generated Using Nanoporous Starch Bioaerogels. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1812-1819. [PMID: 31218690 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols are natural health-promoting bioactive compounds; however, phytosterols have very limited bioavailability due to their crystalline lipophilic structure. With the aim of improving bioaccessibility, low-crystallinity phytosterol nanoparticles were generated by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2 ) impregnation of phytosterols into nanoporous starch aerogels (NSAs). The in vitro bioaccessibility of the phytosterol nanoparticles (35%) was significantly higher than that of the crude phytosterols (3%) after sequential oral, gastric, and intestinal digestion. The percentages of starch hydrolysis were not different among the various NSA preparations and reached to 64% after sequential digestion. The zeta potential of the phytosterol nanoparticles was higher compared to that of crude phytosterols in the micellar phase; indicating higher stability. The findings of this study support the use of NSA to produce nanoparticles of reduced crystallinity to improve the bioaccessibility of the lipophilic bioactive compounds. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This novel process can decrease the size and crystallinity of phytosterols and thus improve phytosterols' bioavailability. It is a blueprint to apply to other water insoluble food bioactives. This novel approach may (i) improve the health benefits of water-insoluble bioactives; (ii) enable food manufacturers to add water-insoluble bioactives into low- and high-fat foods to produce health-promoting foods; and (iii) enhance the cost-benefit ratio of water insoluble bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ubeyitogullari
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-6205, U.S.A
| | - Régis Moreau
- Dept. of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, U.S.A
| | - Devin J Rose
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-6205, U.S.A
| | - Ozan N Ciftci
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-6205, U.S.A
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Iaccarino N, Amato J, Pagano B, Di Porzio A, Micucci M, Bolelli L, Aldini R, Novellino E, Budriesi R, Randazzo A. Impact of phytosterols on liver and distal colon metabolome in experimental murine colitis model: an explorative study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1041-1050. [PMID: 31074304 PMCID: PMC6522980 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1611802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytosterols are known to reduce plasma cholesterol levels and thereby reduce cardiovascular risk. Studies conducted on human and animal models have demonstrated that these compounds have also anti-inflammatory effects. Recently, an experimental colitis model (dextran sulphate sodium-induced) has shown that pre-treatment with phytosterols decreases infiltration of inflammatory cells and accelerates mucosal healing. This study aims to understand the mechanism underlying the colitis by analysing the end-products of the metabolism in distal colon and liver excised from the same mice used in the previous work. In particular, an unsupervised gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and NMR based metabolomics approach was employed to identify the metabolic pathways perturbed by the dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) insult (i.e. Krebs cycle, carbohydrate, amino acids, and nucleotide metabolism). Interestingly, phytosterols were able to restore the homeostatic equilibrium of the hepatic and colonic metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Iaccarino
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Jussara Amato
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Bruno Pagano
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Anna Di Porzio
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Matteo Micucci
- b Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Luca Bolelli
- b Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Rita Aldini
- b Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- b Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
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Wang S, Ye K, Shu T, Tang X, Wang XJ, Liu S. Enhancement of Galloylation Efficacy of Stigmasterol and β-Sitosterol Followed by Evaluation of Cholesterol-Reducing Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3179-3187. [PMID: 30827096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, incorporation of gallic acid into typical phytosterols (β-sitosterol and stigmasterol) through Steglich esterification was optimized employing the protection and deprotection strategy. A novel mechanism leading to side esterification was discovered. Complication of the phenolic hydroxyl groups and side reactions were successfully reduced under the optimized conditions. The structural identity and purity of galloyl stigmasterol and galloyl β-sitosterol were confirmed by NMR, FT-IR, and HPLC-MS. Evaluation of galloyl β-sitosterol and galloyl stigmasterol revealed their excellent antioxidant and cholesterol-reducing activities. Significant enhancement of cholesterol-reducing activity by galloylation was unveiled especially for β-sitosterol. Galloyl β-sitosterol had slightly better antioxidant activity at ambient temperature and better cholesterol-reducing activity. Molecular modeling suggested that a subtle difference of galloyl β-sitosterol and galloyl stigmasterol in activities could be attributed to variation of molecular rigidity and conformation. The excellent properties of galloyl β-sitosterol and galloyl stigmasterol suggested their great potential application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Kai Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Tong Shu
- Qinghai Food Inspection and Testing Institute , 12 Beidajie , Xining 810000 , China
| | - Xiuwen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Xiu Jun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Songbai Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
- Qinghai Food Inspection and Testing Institute , 12 Beidajie , Xining 810000 , China
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Plat J, Baumgartner S, Vanmierlo T, Lütjohann D, Calkins KL, Burrin DG, Guthrie G, Thijs C, Te Velde AA, Vreugdenhil ACE, Sverdlov R, Garssen J, Wouters K, Trautwein EA, Wolfs TG, van Gorp C, Mulder MT, Riksen NP, Groen AK, Mensink RP. Plant-based sterols and stanols in health & disease: "Consequences of human development in a plant-based environment?". Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:87-102. [PMID: 30822462 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dietary plant sterols and stanols as present in our diet and in functional foods are well-known for their inhibitory effects on intestinal cholesterol absorption, which translates into lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. However, emerging evidence suggests that plant sterols and stanols have numerous additional health effects, which are largely unnoticed in the current scientific literature. Therefore, in this review we pose the intriguing question "What would have occurred if plant sterols and stanols had been discovered and embraced by disciplines such as immunology, hepatology, pulmonology or gastroenterology before being positioned as cholesterol-lowering molecules?" What would then have been the main benefits and fields of application of plant sterols and stanols today? We here discuss potential effects ranging from its presence and function intrauterine and in breast milk towards a potential role in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cardiovascular disease (CVD), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and allergic asthma. Interestingly, effects clearly depend on the route of entrance as observed in intestinal-failure associated liver disease (IFALD) during parenteral nutrition regimens. It is only until recently that effects beyond lowering of cholesterol concentrations are being explored systematically. Thus, there is a clear need to understand the full health effects of plant sterols and stanols.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - S Baumgartner
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - T Vanmierlo
- Department of Immunology and Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute (Biomed) Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Division of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - D Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K L Calkins
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, USA
| | - D G Burrin
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - G Guthrie
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - C Thijs
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - A A Te Velde
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - A C E Vreugdenhil
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - R Sverdlov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J Garssen
- Utrecht University, Division Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, the Netherlands
| | - K Wouters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - T G Wolfs
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - C van Gorp
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A K Groen
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center and Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Jia C, Xia X, Liu P, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhang X. Mild and Efficient Preparation of Phytosteryl Amino Acid Ester Hydrochlorides and Their Emulsifying Properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1749-1759. [PMID: 30657680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to produce a series of phytosteryl amino acid ester hydrochlorides by a two-step method, which involved esterification of phytosterols with N- tert-butoxycarbonyl (BOC) amino acid and deprotection of the BOC group. The highest yield of over 95.0% was obtained when the catalysts were the mixtures of 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide hydrochlide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and triethylamine. It was found that batch charging of the reactants and catalysts was conducive to improving the yield. In addition, over 99.0% of the BOC group deprotection degree was achieved using the HCl/ethyl acetate deprotection method. All of the compounds were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The emulsifying properties of phytosterols and phytosteryl amino acid ester hydrochlorides were also investigated. The results showed higher emulsifying properties of phytosteryl amino acid ester hydrochlorides, which could favor its wide application in food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
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Lima KC, de Oliveira Martins DT, Macho A, de Oliveira RG, Pavan E, Martelli LSR, Pacheco LBS, da Silva VC, Ribeiro TAN, de Carvalho MG, de Sousa PT. Chemical Characterization of the Hydroethanolic Extract of the Inner Stem Bark of Dilodendron bipinnatum. Comparative Cytotoxic Evaluation and Anti-inflammatory Potential of a Simple Mixture of its Isolates 3- O-β-Glucopyranosyl-β-sitosterol and 3- O-β-Glucopyranosyl-stigmasterol. Nat Prod Commun 2019; 14:1934578X1901400. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1901400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the hydroethanolic extract of the inner stem bark of Dilodendron bipinnatum (HEDb) by column chromatography led to the separation of three major fractions: a) a mixture of phytosterols (ST mixture), including β-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2) and campesterol (3); b) a mixture of 3- O-β-glucopyranosyl-β-sitosterol (4) and 3- O-β-glucopyranosyl-stigmasterol (5) (SGP mixture); and c) epicatechin (6), as a single isolate. Their structures were determined by spectrometric analysis using 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and GC-MS. The safety profile of the SGP mixture, when evaluated on RAW 264.7 cells, using the alamar blue® assay, exhibited no cytotoxic effects. The anti-inflammatory activity was comparatively analyzed in vivo using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritonitis model in mice, showing a strong reduction of leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity using both the SGP mixture and the HEDb. In vitro assessment of nitric oxide (NO) in the macrophagic RAW 264.7 cell line showed an inhibition of NO by the SGP mixture when cells were stimulated with LPS. Taken together, the results show an important contribution of the sterol glucoside mixture on the anti-inflammatory activity of HEDb. Also, one of the mechanisms for such inhibition seems to be a direct inhibition of NO production in stimulated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Costa Lima
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Antonio Macho
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Ruberlei Godinho de Oliveira
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Pavan
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Lorena Suelen Ribeiro Martelli
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Leila Beatriz Silva Pacheco
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Claudia da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Tereza Auxiliadora Nascimento Ribeiro
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Mário Geraldo de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia 465, km 07, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Teixeira de Sousa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Juritsch AF, Moreau R. Role of soybean-derived bioactive compounds in inflammatory bowel disease. Nutr Rev 2018; 76:618-638. [PMID: 29800381 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with IBD present with debilitating symptoms that alter the quality of life and can develop into severe complications requiring surgery. Epidemiological evidence indicates Westernized societies have an elevated IBD burden when compared with Asian societies. Considering the stark contrast between the typical Western and Eastern dietary patterns, it is postulated that differences in food and lifestyle contribute to lower IBD incidence in Asian countries. Soybeans (Glycine max), which are consumed in high quantities and as various preparations in Eastern societies, contain a wealth of natural, biologically active compounds that include isoflavones, bioactive peptides, protease inhibitors, and phytosterols, among many others. These compounds have been shown to improve human health, and preclinical evidence suggests they have potential to improve the prognosis of IBD. This review summarizes the current state of evidence regarding the effects and the mechanisms of action of these soybean-derived bioactive compounds in experimental models of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Juritsch
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Régis Moreau
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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43
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Bianconi V, Mannarino MR, Sahebkar A, Cosentino T, Pirro M. Cholesterol-Lowering Nutraceuticals Affecting Vascular Function and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Curr Cardiol Rep 2018; 20:53. [PMID: 29802549 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-018-0994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide an update on the effects of the dietary supplementation with cholesterol-lowering nutraceuticals and nutraceutical combinations affecting vascular function and CV risk in clinical interventional studies. RECENT FINDINGS Current evidence supports the mild-to-moderate cholesterol-lowering efficacy of red yeast rice, berberine, plant sterols, fibers, and some nutraceutical combinations whereas data on the individual cholesterol-lowering action of other nutraceuticals are either less striking or even inconclusive. There is also promising evidence on the vascular protective effects of some of the aforementioned nutraceuticals. However, except for red yeast rice, clinical interventional studies have not investigated their impact on CV outcomes. Evidence of both cholesterol-lowering and vascular protection is a prerogative of few single nutraceuticals and nutraceutical combinations, which may support their clinical use; however, caution on their uncontrolled adoption is necessary as they are freely available on the market and, therefore, subject to potential misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Piazzale Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Raffaele Mannarino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Piazzale Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Teresa Cosentino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Piazzale Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
- Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Piazzale Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy.
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44
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Alvarez-Sala A, Blanco-Morales V, Cilla A, Garcia-Llatas G, Sánchez-Siles LM, Barberá R, Lagarda MJ. Safe intake of a plant sterol-enriched beverage with milk fat globule membrane: Bioaccessibility of sterol oxides during storage. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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45
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He WS, Li LL, Huang QJ, Yin J, Cao XC. Highly efficient synthesis of phytosterol linolenate in the presence of Bronsted acidic ionic liquid. Food Chem 2018; 263:1-7. [PMID: 29784293 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols are effective in reducing plasma cholesterol. However, phytosterols in a free form have some disadvantages because they have a high melting point and a poor oil solubility, thereby limiting their practical application in foods. The present study was to establish a green and highly efficient method to synthesize phytosterol linolenate for the first time by employing Bronsted acidic ionic liquid (IL) as a catalyst in order to improve its oil solubility. The product was separated, analyzed and subsequently characterized using thin layer chromatography, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. The conversion of phytosterols could reach above 96% in a very short time (30 min) under the following optimum conditions: 3% 1-butylsulfonate-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([BSO3HMim]OTf) as a catalyst, 110 °C and 1:1.75 M ratio of phytosterols to ethyl linolenate. The present method demonstrated that [BSO3HMim]OTf would be a potential catalyst for phytosterol ester synthesis. Most importantly was that the oil solubility of phytosterol linolenate was much greater than its corresponding free phytosterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), China.
| | - Ling-Ling Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiu-Jin Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Yin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Chen Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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46
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A review of chemical composition and nutritional properties of minor vegetable oils in China. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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47
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Kao ST, Kuo YH, Wang SD, Hong HJ, Lin LJ. Analogous corticosteroids, 9A and EK100, derived from solid-state-cultured mycelium of Antrodia camphorata inhibit proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages. Cytokine 2018; 108:136-144. [PMID: 29605763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata mycelium is used in traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan. The wild-type mycelium is rare and expensive, so a solid-state-cultured mycelium of A. camphorata (SCMAC) has been developed. Previous studies have found SCMAC to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, the immunomodulatory effects of SCMAC and of its active phytosterol compounds EK100 and 9A on asthma remain unknown. In this study, BALB/c mice were repeatedly exposed to Dermatogoides pteronyssinus (Der p) at 1-week intervals and were orally administered crude SCMAC extract before the Der p challenge. The mice were sacrificed 72 h after the last challenge to examine the airway remodeling, inflammation, and expression profiles of cytokines and various genes. Then, 30-µg/mL Der p-stimulated MH-S cells with 9A or EK100 were collected for real-time PCR analysis, and the effects of 9A and EK100 on macrophages were evaluated. The crude extract reduced Der p-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, total serum immunoglobulin E levels, and recruitment of inflammatory cells to the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid through cytokine downregulation and Th1/Th2/Th17 response modulation. Additionally, 9A and EK100 inhibited IL-1β and IL-6 expression in alveolar macrophages. These results indicate that the pharmacologically active compounds in a crude SCMAC extract exert synergistic effects on multiple targets to relieve asthma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Shulhn-Der Wang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Jye Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Jen Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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48
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Houston M. Dyslipidemia. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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49
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Alvarez-Sala A, Blanco-Morales V, Cilla A, Silvestre RÁ, Hernández-Álvarez E, Granado-Lorencio F, Barberá R, Garcia-Llatas G. A positive impact on the serum lipid profile and cytokines after the consumption of a plant sterol-enriched beverage with a milk fat globule membrane: a clinical study. Food Funct 2018; 9:5209-5219. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00353j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Positive impact on serum lipids and cytokines after functional beverage's intake by postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alvarez-Sala
- Nutrition and Food Science Area
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- Burjassot (Valencia)
- Spain
| | - Virginia Blanco-Morales
- Nutrition and Food Science Area
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- Burjassot (Valencia)
- Spain
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- Burjassot (Valencia)
- Spain
| | - Ramona Ángeles Silvestre
- Clinical Biochemistry. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Spain
| | - Elena Hernández-Álvarez
- Clinical Biochemistry. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Spain
| | - Fernando Granado-Lorencio
- Clinical Biochemistry. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Spain
| | - Reyes Barberá
- Nutrition and Food Science Area
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- Burjassot (Valencia)
- Spain
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Valencia
- Burjassot (Valencia)
- Spain
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50
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Gachumi G, El-Aneed A. Mass Spectrometric Approaches for the Analysis of Phytosterols in Biological Samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10141-10156. [PMID: 29058915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant sterols (phytosterols) are important structural components of plant cellular membranes, and they play a major role during development and metabolism. They have health-associated benefits, especially in lowering blood cholesterol levels. Because of their many health claims, there is a growing interest in their analysis. Although various analytical strategies have been employed in analyzing phytosterols, chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (MS) is superior due to its sensitivity. Furthermore, specificity and selectivity are enhanced by utilizing tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). This article reviews the various mass spectrometric strategies used for the analysis of phytosterols. It highlights the applications and limitations associated with each MS strategy in various sample matrixes such as plant, human, animal, food, and dietary supplements. GC-MS was historically the method of choice for analysis; however, the derivatization step rendered it tedious and time-consuming. On the other hand, liquid chromatography coupled to MS (LC-MS) simplifies the analysis. Many ionization techniques have been used, namely, electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). APCI showed superiority in terms of ion intensity and consistency in ion formation, primarily forming [M + H - H2O]+ ions rather than [M + H]+. In addition, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) as well as ambient mass spectrometry such as direct analysis in real time (DART) have also been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Gachumi
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada , S7N 5E5
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada , S7N 5E5
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