1
|
Cheng K, Kshirsagar A, Nixon J, Lau J, Yang K, Sawa A, Kathuria A. Model systems for emulating human tissue and physiology in psychiatric research. Front Neurosci 2025; 19:1527826. [PMID: 40255860 PMCID: PMC12006051 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1527826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 04/22/2025] Open
Abstract
The modeling of psychiatric disorders poses significant challenges due to the complex nature of these conditions, which encompass a range of neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety disorder (AD) and depression. The rising global prevalence of mental disorders and the urgency for more effective treatments have propelled the development of innovative in vitro models. This review presents a thorough examination of two-dimensional (2D) versus three-dimensional (3D) induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models of neuropsychiatric diseases, offering insights into their respective capacities to mimic neurodevelopment and cellular phenotypes observed in these conditions. Our comparative analysis reveals that while traditional 2D cultures have been instrumental in elucidating disease pathways and high-throughput drug screening, they fall short in replicating the intricate cellular architecture and environment of the human brain. On the other hand, 3D organoid models, including brain organoids, better recapitulate the spatial organization, cell-type diversity, and functional connectivity of brain tissue, offering a more physiologically relevant context for studying disease mechanisms and testing therapeutic interventions. We assess the progress in modeling ASD, SCZ, BD, PTSD, AD, and depression, highlighting the advanced understanding of disease etiology and potential treatment avenues offered by 3D iPSC technologies. Challenges remain, including the scalability, reproducibility, and maturation of organoids, but the potential for personalized medicine and the elucidation of disease ontogeny is unparalleled. The review concludes with a perspective on the future directions of psychiatric disease modeling, emphasizing the integration of 3D iPSC models with high-throughput technologies and computational approaches to enhance our understanding and treatment of these debilitating conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anannya Kshirsagar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John Nixon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan Lau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Akira Sawa
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Mental Health, Pharmacology, Biomedical Engineering, and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Annie Kathuria
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kirkpatrick M, Mandal G, Elhadidy I, Mariani N, Priestley K, Pariante CM, Borsini A. From placenta to the foetus: a systematic review of in vitro models of stress- and inflammation-induced depression in pregnancy. Mol Psychiatry 2025; 30:1689-1707. [PMID: 39639175 PMCID: PMC11919713 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression in pregnancy can increase vulnerability for psychiatric disorders in the offspring, likely via the transfer of heightened maternal cortisol and cytokines to the in-utero environment. However, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms, are largely unclear. Animal studies can represent this complex pathophysiology at a systemic level but are expensive and ethically challenging. While simpler, in vitro models offer high-throughput opportunities. Therefore, this systematic review integrates findings of in vitro models relevant to depression in pregnancy, to generate novel hypotheses and targets for intervention. METHODS The systematic analysis covered studies investigating glucocorticoid or cytokine challenges on placental or foetal neural progenitor cells (NPCs), with or without co-treatment with sex hormones. RESULTS Of the 50 included studies, 11 used placental cells and 39 NPCs; surprisingly, only one used a combination of oestrogen and cortisol, and no study combined placental cells and NPCs. In placental cells, cortisol or cytokines decreased nutrient transporter expression and steroidogenic enzyme activity, and increased cytokine production. NPCs exhibited decreases in proliferation and differentiation, via specific molecular pathways, namely, inhibition of hedgehog signalling and activation of kynurenine pathway. In these cells, studies also highlighted epigenetic priming of stress and inflammatory pathways. CONCLUSIONS Overall, results suggest that stress and inflammation not only detrimentally impact placental regulation of nutrients and hormones to the foetus, but also activate downstream pathways through increased inflammation in the placenta, ultimately eliciting adverse effects on foetal neurogenesis. Future research should investigate how sex hormones regulate these mechanisms, with the aim of developing targeted therapeutic approaches for depression in pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Kirkpatrick
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Gargi Mandal
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Ismail Elhadidy
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Nicole Mariani
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Kristi Priestley
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mao S, Zhang Z, Huang M, Zhang Z, Hong Y, Tan X, Gui F, Cao Y, Lian F, Chen R. Protective effects of indole-3-propionic acid against TCP-induced hearing loss in mice by mitigating oxidative stress and promoting neutrophil recruitment. Sci Rep 2025; 15:9434. [PMID: 40108188 PMCID: PMC11923075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-90655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) poses a significant global health challenge with substantial socioeconomic and medical implications. The pathophysiology involves excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cochlea, inflammation, cellular apoptosis, etc. Tryptophan metabolite indole-3-propionic Acid (IPA), produced by gut microbiota, may offer therapeutic benefits by modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune responses. However, the roles of IPA in protecting from treatment hearing loss in adult mice remain to be investigated. We previously validated that exposure to pesticide metabolite 3, 5, 6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) caused hearing loss in mice. Herein, continuous administration of 40 mg/kg IPA for 21 days significantly attenuated the hearing threshold elevation in C57BL/6 mice exposed to 50 mg/kg TCP. IPA treatment reduced the loss of hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), preserved nerve fibers, and reversed the damage to spiral ligaments (SL) and stria vascularis (SV). Similarly, IPA cotreatment decreased ROS accumulation in the cochlea and inhibited HC and SGN apoptosis. Transcriptomic analysis showed that IPA enhanced immune responses, particularly through neutrophil recruitment and the activation of regenerative signals like IFNγ. These findings underscore IPA's protective effects against TCP-induced hearing loss, highlighting the role of immune mechanisms in cochlear protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Mao
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zirui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mao Huang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
- Ji'an County People's Hospital, Jiangxi, 343100, China
| | - Ziying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Hong
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Tan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Gui
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifei Cao
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fuzhi Lian
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun YQ, Huang XX, Guo W, Hong C, Ji J, Zhang XY, Yang J, Hu G, Sun XL. IFN-γ signaling links ventriculomegaly to choroid plexus and ependyma dysfunction following maternal immune activation. J Neuroinflammation 2025; 22:83. [PMID: 40089736 PMCID: PMC11909946 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-025-03409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/17/2025] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a principal environmental risk factor contributing to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can be causally linked to ASD symptoms. In our study, we found that MIA triggered by poly (I: C) injection caused ventriculomegaly in offspring due to the dysfunction of the choroid plexus (Chp) and ependyma. We subsequently identified a sustained enhancement of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling in the brain and serum of MIA offspring. Further study revealed that increased IFN-γ signaling could disrupt the barrier function of Chp epithelial cells by activating macrophages, and suppress the differentiation of primary ependymal cells via the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1/3 signaling. The effects of MIA on the offspring were mitigated by administration of IFNGR-blocking antibody in pregnant dams, while systemic maternal administration of IFN-γ was sufficient to mimic the effect of MIA. Overall, our findings revealed that ventriculomegaly caused by IFN-γ signaling could be a critical factor in compromising fetal brain development in MIA-induced ASD and provide a mechanistic framework for the association between maternal inflammation and abnormal development of ventricles in the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, State key laboratory of reproductive medicine and offspring health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xin-Xin Huang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, State key laboratory of reproductive medicine and offspring health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
- Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, State key laboratory of reproductive medicine and offspring health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Chen Hong
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, State key laboratory of reproductive medicine and offspring health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Juan Ji
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, State key laboratory of reproductive medicine and offspring health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xi-Yue Zhang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, State key laboratory of reproductive medicine and offspring health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, State key laboratory of reproductive medicine and offspring health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, State key laboratory of reproductive medicine and offspring health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, State key laboratory of reproductive medicine and offspring health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marin-Rodero M, Cintado E, Walker AJ, Jayewickreme T, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Richardson Q, Jackson R, Chiu IM, Benoist C, Stevens B, Trejo JL, Mathis D. The meninges host a distinct compartment of regulatory T cells that preserves brain homeostasis. Sci Immunol 2025; 10:eadu2910. [PMID: 39873623 PMCID: PMC11924117 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adu2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 01/30/2025]
Abstract
Our understanding of the meningeal immune system has recently burgeoned, particularly regarding how innate and adaptive effector cells are mobilized to meet brain challenges. However, information on how meningeal immunocytes guard brain homeostasis in healthy individuals remains limited. This study highlights the heterogeneous, polyfunctional regulatory T cell (Treg) compartment in the meninges. A Treg subtype specialized in controlling interferon-γ (IFN-γ) responses and another dedicated to regulating follicular B cell responses were substantial components of this compartment. Accordingly, punctual Treg ablation rapidly unleashed IFN-γ production by meningeal lymphocytes, unlocked access to the brain parenchyma, and altered meningeal B cell profiles. Distally, the hippocampus assumed a reactive state, with morphological and transcriptional changes in multiple glial cell types. Within the dentate gyrus, neural stem cells underwent more death and were blocked from further differentiation, which coincided with impairments in short-term spatial-reference memory. Thus, meningeal Tregs are a multifaceted safeguard of brain homeostasis at steady state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Cintado
- Cajal Institute, Translational Neuroscience Department, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Madrid, Spain
| | - Alec J. Walker
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ruaidhrí Jackson
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isaac M. Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Beth Stevens
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Luís Trejo
- Cajal Institute, Translational Neuroscience Department, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Madrid, Spain
| | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Clark DN, Brown SV, Xu L, Lee RL, Ragusa JV, Xu Z, Milner JD, Filiano AJ. Prolonged STAT1 signaling in neurons causes hyperactive behavior. Brain Behav Immun 2025; 124:1-8. [PMID: 39542073 PMCID: PMC11745914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/09/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN)-induced STAT1 signaling pathway is a canonical immune pathway that has also been implicated in regulating neuronal activity. The pathway is enriched in brains of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ). Over-activation of the STAT1 pathway causes pathological transcriptional responses, however it is unclear how these responses might translate into behavioral phenotypes. We hypothesized that prolonged STAT1 signaling in neurons would be sufficient to cause behavioral deficits associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study, we developed a novel mouse model with the clinical STAT1 gain-of-function mutation, T385M, in neurons. These mice were hyperactive and displayed neural hypoactivity with less neuron counts in the caudate putamen. Driving the STAT1 gain-of-function mutation exclusively in dopaminergic neurons, which project to the caudate putamen of the dorsal striatum, mimicked some hyperactive behaviors without a reduction of neurons. Moreover, we demonstrated that this phenotype is neuron specific, as mice with prolonged STAT1 signaling in all excitatory or inhibitory neurons or in microglia were not hyperactive. Overall, these findings suggest that STAT1 signaling in neurons is a crucial player in regulating striatal neuron activity and aspects of motor behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Clark
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shelby V Brown
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Li Xu
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rae-Ling Lee
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joey V Ragusa
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhenghao Xu
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joshua D Milner
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony J Filiano
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen JW, Wang YX, Gao RR, Ma LY, Zhong J, Yang JX, Deng ZH, Li YY, Li XL, Shu YH, Guo WJ, Zhou ZY, Tian XY, Ma J, Liu Y, Chen Q. CDK14 regulates the development and repair of lung. Cell Death Discov 2025; 11:12. [PMID: 39827158 PMCID: PMC11743204 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-025-02292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Revised: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 14 regulates cell cycle, tumor expansion by influencing the downstream targets of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. However, the function of CDK14 during organ development and regeneration has not been investigated in genetically-modified animals. Here, we found that genetic ablation of Cdk14 influenced pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells during mice embryonic development as well as repair of lung after bleomycin or lipopolysaccharide induced injury. Genetic knockout of Cdk14 and the CDK14 covalent inhibitor FMF-04-159-2 resulted in reduction of pulmonary vessel covered area and epithelial cell number, exhibiting increased mortality and more severe lung damage after injury. Mechanistically, Cdk14 ablation inhibited the proliferation of epithelial and vascular endothelial cells, inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Through RNA-seq analysis of both endothelial and epithelial cells, we found that knockdown of Cdk14 controls the expression of signal transducers and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) as well as associated genes in interferon signaling. Disruption of Cdk14 interferes with IFN-γ induced lung repair in vivo, suggesting potential crosstalk of CDK14 signaling and IFN-γ pathway. Our work highlights the importance of Cdk14 in lung development and regenerative repair through an uncharacterized CDK14- IFN-γ signaling axis.
Collapse
Grants
- 32270866, 32470868, 32300693, 32471155, 22107045 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFA1103200); the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2024ZYGXZR077); Guangzhou basic and applied basic research funding (2024A04J6259); The Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program (2023ZT10Y154, 2021ZT09Y233, 2023QN10Y147); South China University of Technology (D6241240); Talent Program and Basic Research Project of Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences (1103792101, GIBHBRP23-02, GIBHBRP24-01); Cooperation Fund of CHCAMS and SZCH (CFA202201006); National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen (E010221005); Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences. (KLRB202201, KLRB202305); and partially supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (2023B1212060050,2023B1212120009).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Chen
- Institutes of physical science and information technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Center for Cell Lineage Atlas, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China
| | - Rong-Rong Gao
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of biotechnology drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences); Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Lan-Yue Ma
- Center for Cell Lineage Atlas, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Center for Cell Lineage Atlas, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China
| | - Jia-Xin Yang
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhao-Hua Deng
- Center for Cell Lineage Atlas, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China
| | - Yu-Yan Li
- Center for Cell Lineage Atlas, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Li
- Center for Cell Lineage Atlas, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China
| | - Ya-Hai Shu
- Center for Cell Lineage Atlas, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China
| | - Wen-Jing Guo
- Center for Cell Lineage Atlas, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Zhou
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- CUHK-GIBH CAS Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Heart and Vascular Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jinjin Ma
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- The Institute of Future Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 511442, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Institutes of physical science and information technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
- Center for Cell Lineage Atlas, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China.
- China-New Zealand Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510530, China.
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; NHC Key Laboratory of biotechnology drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences); Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, 250117, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mattei D, Guneykaya D, Ugursu B, Buonfiglioli A. From womb to world: The interplay between maternal immune activation, neuroglia, and neurodevelopment. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2025; 210:269-285. [PMID: 40148048 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-19102-2.00028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
This chapter introduces and discusses maternal immune activation (MIA) as a contributing factor in increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly in relation to its interactions with neuroglia. Here we first provide an overview of the neuroglia-astroglia, oligodendroglia, microglia, and radial glial cells-and their important role during early brain development and in adulthood. We then present and discuss MIA, followed by a critical overview of inflammatory molecules and temporal stages associated to maternal inflammation during pregnancy. We provide an overview of animal and human models used to mimic and study MIA. Furthermore, we review the possible interaction between MIA and neuroglia, focusing on the current advances in both modeling and therapeutics. Additionally, we discuss and provide preliminary and interesting insights into the most recent pandemic, COVID-19, and how the infection may be associated to MIA and increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, we provide a critical overview of challenges and future opportunities to study how MIA may contribute to higher risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Mattei
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dilansu Guneykaya
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bilge Ugursu
- Department of Psychoneuroimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alice Buonfiglioli
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Couch ACM, Brown AM, Raimundo C, Solomon S, Taylor M, Sichlinger L, Matuleviciute R, Srivastava DP, Vernon AC. Transcriptional and cellular response of hiPSC-derived microglia-neural progenitor co-cultures exposed to IL-6. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 122:27-43. [PMID: 39098436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated interleukin (IL-)6 levels during prenatal development have been linked to increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in the offspring, but the mechanism remains unclear. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models offer a valuable tool to study the effects of IL-6 on features relevant for human neurodevelopment in vitro. We previously reported that hiPSC-derived microglia-like cells (MGLs) respond to IL-6, but neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in monoculture do not. Therefore, we investigated whether co-culturing hiPSC-derived MGLs with NPCs would trigger a cellular response to IL-6 stimulation via secreted factors from the MGLs. Using N=4 donor lines without psychiatric diagnosis, we first confirmed that NPCs can respond to IL-6 through trans-signalling when recombinant IL-6Ra is present, and that this response is dose-dependent. MGLs secreted soluble IL-6R, but at lower levels than found in vivo and below that needed to activate trans-signalling in NPCs. Whilst transcriptomic and secretome analysis confirmed that MGLs undergo substantial transcriptomic changes after IL-6 exposure and subsequently secrete a cytokine milieu, NPCs in co-culture with MGLs exhibited a minimal transcriptional response. Furthermore, there were no significant cell fate-acquisition changes when differentiated into post-mitotic cultures, nor alterations in synaptic densities in mature neurons. These findings highlight the need to investigate if trans-IL-6 signalling to NPCs is a relevant disease mechanism linking prenatal IL-6 exposure to increased risk for psychiatric disorders. Moreover, our findings underscore the importance of establishing more complex in vitro human models with diverse cell types, which may show cell-specific responses to microglia-released cytokines to fully understand how IL-6 exposure may influence human neurodevelopment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amalie C M Couch
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Amelia M Brown
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Catarina Raimundo
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shiden Solomon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Morgan Taylor
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Sichlinger
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rugile Matuleviciute
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Deepak P Srivastava
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sigutova V, Xiang W, Regensburger M, Winner B, Prots I. Alpha-synuclein fine-tunes neuronal response to pro-inflammatory cytokines. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 122:216-230. [PMID: 39128571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are emerging as neuroinflammatory mediators in Parkinson's disease (PD) due to their ability to act through neuronal cytokine receptors. Critical questions persist regarding the role of cytokines in neuronal dysfunction and their contribution to PD pathology. Specifically, the potential synergy of the hallmark PD protein alpha-synuclein (α-syn) with cytokines is of interest. We therefore investigated the direct impact of pro-inflammatory cytokines on neurons and hypothesized that α-syn pathology exacerbates cytokine-induced neuronal deficits in PD. iPSC-derived cortical neurons (CNs) from healthy controls and patients with α-syn gene locus duplication (SNCA dupl) were stimulated with IL-17A, TNF-α, IFN-γ, or a combination thereof. For rescue experiments, CNs were pre-treated with α-syn anti-oligomerisation compound NPT100-18A prior to IL-17A stimulation. Cytokine receptor expression, microtubule cytoskeleton, axonal transport and neuronal activity were assessed. SNCA dupl CNs displayed an increased IL-17A receptor expression and impaired IL-17A-mediated cytokine receptor regulation. Cytokines exacerbated the altered distribution of tubulin post-translational modifications in SNCA dupl neurites, with SNCA dupl-specific IL-17A effects. Tau pathology in SNCA dupl CNs was also aggravated by IL-17A and cytokine mix. Cytokines slowed down mitochondrial axonal transport, with IL-17A-mediated retrograde slowing in SNCA dupl only. The pre-treatment of SNCA dupl CNs with NPT100-18A prevented the IL-17A-induced functional impairments in axonal transport and neural activity. Our work elucidates the detrimental effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-17A, on human neuronal structure and function in the context of α-syn pathology, suggesting that cytokine-mediated inflammation represents a second hit to neurons in PD which is amenable to disease modifying therapies that are currently in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Sigutova
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Dental Clinic 1, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Regensburger
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iryna Prots
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Dental Clinic 1, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Zheng R, Dukhinova M, Wang L, Shen Y, Lin Z. Perspectives in the investigation of Cockayne syndrome group B neurological disease: the utility of patient-derived brain organoid models. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:878-889. [PMID: 39420523 PMCID: PMC11494160 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) group B (CSB), which results from mutations in the excision repair cross-complementation group 6 (ERCC6) genes, which produce CSB protein, is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by multiple progressive disorders including growth failure, microcephaly, skin photosensitivity, and premature aging. Clinical data show that brain atrophy, demyelination, and calcification are the main neurological manifestations of CS, which progress with time. Neuronal loss and calcification occur in various brain areas, particularly the cerebellum and basal ganglia, resulting in dyskinesia, ataxia, and limb tremors in CSB patients. However, the understanding of neurodevelopmental defects in CS has been constrained by the lack of significant neurodevelopmental and functional abnormalities observed in CSB-deficient mice. In this review, we focus on elucidating the protein structure and distribution of CSB and delve into the impact of CSB mutations on the development and function of the nervous system. In addition, we provide an overview of research models that have been instrumental in exploring CS disorders, with a forward-looking perspective on the substantial contributions that brain organoids are poised to further advance this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xintai Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Marina Dukhinova
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Center for Brain Health, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine / International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322001, China
| | - Luxi Wang
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China. ,
| | - Zhijie Lin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cameron D, Vinh NN, Prapaiwongs P, Perry EA, Walters JTR, Li M, O’Donovan MC, Bray NJ. Genetic Implication of Prenatal GABAergic and Cholinergic Neuron Development in Susceptibility to Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:1171-1184. [PMID: 38869145 PMCID: PMC11349020 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ganglionic eminences (GE) are fetal-specific structures that give rise to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)- and acetylcholine-releasing neurons of the forebrain. Given the evidence for GABAergic, cholinergic, and neurodevelopmental disturbances in schizophrenia, we tested the potential involvement of GE neuron development in mediating genetic risk for the condition. STUDY DESIGN We combined data from a recent large-scale genome-wide association study of schizophrenia with single-cell RNA sequencing data from the human GE to test the enrichment of schizophrenia risk variation in genes with high expression specificity for developing GE cell populations. We additionally performed the single nuclei Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with Sequencing (snATAC-Seq) to map potential regulatory genomic regions operating in individual cell populations of the human GE, using these to test for enrichment of schizophrenia common genetic variant liability and to functionally annotate non-coding variants-associated with the disorder. STUDY RESULTS Schizophrenia common variant liability was enriched in genes with high expression specificity for developing neuron populations that are predicted to form dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-expressing GABAergic medium spiny neurons of the striatum, cortical somatostatin-positive GABAergic interneurons, calretinin-positive GABAergic neurons, and cholinergic neurons. Consistent with these findings, schizophrenia genetic risk was concentrated in predicted regulatory genomic sequence mapped in developing neuronal populations of the GE. CONCLUSIONS Our study implicates prenatal development of specific populations of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons in later susceptibility to schizophrenia, and provides a map of predicted regulatory genomic elements operating in cells of the GE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren Cameron
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ngoc-Nga Vinh
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Parinda Prapaiwongs
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Perry
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James T R Walters
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Meng Li
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael C O’Donovan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicholas J Bray
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiang G, Song H, Han X, Zhang M, Huang L, Zhu J, Sun B, Yu Z, Yang D. Low frequency of repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice through inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Neurosci Lett 2024; 836:137890. [PMID: 38971300 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a worldwide challenge due to limited treatment strategies. Repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (rTSMS) is among the most cutting-edge treatments for SCI. However, the mechanism underlying rTSMS on functional recovery is still unclear. In this study, 8-week-old C57BL/6J female mice were used to design SCI models followed by treatment with monotherapy (1 Hz rTSMS or LY364947) or combination therapy (rTSMS + LY364947). Our results showed obvious functional recovery after monotherapies compared to untreated mice. Immunofluorescence results demonstrated that rTSMS and LY364947 modulate the lesion scar by decreasing fibrosis and GFAP and possess the effect on neural protection. In addition, rTSMS suppressed inflammation and the activation of TGFβ1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway, as evidenced by markedly reduced TGF-βRⅠ, Smad2/3, and p-Smad2/3 compared with untreated mice. Overall, it was confirmed that 1 Hz rTSMS promotes SCI recovery by suppressing the TGFβ1/Smad2/3 signaling, revealing a novel pathological mechanism of 1 Hz rTSMS intervention, and may provide potential targets for clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Jiang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China
| | - Haiwang Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China
| | - Xing Han
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China
| | - Mudan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People' s Hospital, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Lieyu Huang
- School of Medical Humanities, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China
| | - Junde Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China; Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China
| | - Baofei Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China; Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China
| | - Zijiang Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China; Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China.
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China; Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New District, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nandakumar R, Shi X, Gu H, Kim Y, Raskind WH, Peter B, Dinu V. Joint exome and metabolome analysis in individuals with dyslexia: Evidence for associated dysregulations of olfactory perception and autoimmune functions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.27.600448. [PMID: 39005457 PMCID: PMC11244894 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.27.600448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Dyslexia is a learning disability that negatively affects reading, writing, and spelling development at the word level in 5%-9% of children. The phenotype is variable and complex, involving several potential cognitive and physical concomitants such as sensory dysregulation and immunodeficiencies. The biological pathogenesis is not well-understood. Toward a better understanding of the biological drivers of dyslexia, we conducted the first joint exome and metabolome investigation in a pilot sample of 30 participants with dyslexia and 13 controls. In this analysis, eight metabolites of interest emerged (pyridoxine, kynurenic acid, citraconic acid, phosphocreatine, hippuric acid, xylitol, 2-deoxyuridine, and acetylcysteine). A metabolite-metabolite interaction analysis identified Krebs cycle intermediates that may be implicated in the development of dyslexia. Gene ontology analysis based on exome variants resulted in several pathways of interest, including the sensory perception of smell (olfactory) and immune system-related responses. In the joint exome and metabolite analysis, the olfactory transduction pathway emerged as the primary pathway of interest. Although the olfactory transduction and Krebs cycle pathways have not previously been described in dyslexia literature, these pathways have been implicated in other neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, suggesting the possibility of these pathways playing a role in dyslexia as well. Immune system response pathways, on the other hand, have been implicated in both dyslexia and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
|
15
|
Woo MS, Engler JB, Friese MA. The neuropathobiology of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:493-513. [PMID: 38789516 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation and neuronal deregulation are two components of a smoldering disease activity that drives the progression of disability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although several therapies exist to dampen the acute inflammation that drives MS relapses, therapeutic options to halt chronic disability progression are a major unmet clinical need. The development of such therapies is hindered by our limited understanding of the neuron-intrinsic determinants of resilience or vulnerability to inflammation. In this Review, we provide a neuron-centric overview of recent advances in deciphering neuronal response patterns that drive the pathology of MS. We describe the inflammatory CNS environment that initiates neurotoxicity by imposing ion imbalance, excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, and by direct neuro-immune interactions, which collectively lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic dysregulation. The neuronal demise is further amplified by breakdown of neuronal transport, accumulation of cytosolic proteins and activation of cell death pathways. Continuous neuronal damage perpetuates CNS inflammation by activating surrounding glia cells and by directly exerting toxicity on neighbouring neurons. Further, we explore strategies to overcome neuronal deregulation in MS and compile a selection of neuronal actuators shown to impact neurodegeneration in preclinical studies. We conclude by discussing the therapeutic potential of targeting such neuronal actuators in MS, including some that have already been tested in interventional clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel S Woo
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Broder Engler
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rodriguez de Los Santos M, Kopell BH, Buxbaum Grice A, Ganesh G, Yang A, Amini P, Liharska LE, Vornholt E, Fullard JF, Dong P, Park E, Zipkowitz S, Kaji DA, Thompson RC, Liu D, Park YJ, Cheng E, Ziafat K, Moya E, Fennessy B, Wilkins L, Silk H, Linares LM, Sullivan B, Cohen V, Kota P, Feng C, Johnson JS, Rieder MK, Scarpa J, Nadkarni GN, Wang M, Zhang B, Sklar P, Beckmann ND, Schadt EE, Roussos P, Charney AW, Breen MS. Divergent landscapes of A-to-I editing in postmortem and living human brain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5366. [PMID: 38926387 PMCID: PMC11208617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing is a prevalent post-transcriptional RNA modification within the brain. Yet, most research has relied on postmortem samples, assuming it is an accurate representation of RNA biology in the living brain. We challenge this assumption by comparing A-to-I editing between postmortem and living prefrontal cortical tissues. Major differences were found, with over 70,000 A-to-I sites showing higher editing levels in postmortem tissues. Increased A-to-I editing in postmortem tissues is linked to higher ADAR and ADARB1 expression, is more pronounced in non-neuronal cells, and indicative of postmortem activation of inflammation and hypoxia. Higher A-to-I editing in living tissues marks sites that are evolutionarily preserved, synaptic, developmentally timed, and disrupted in neurological conditions. Common genetic variants were also found to differentially affect A-to-I editing levels in living versus postmortem tissues. Collectively, these discoveries offer more nuanced and accurate insights into the regulatory mechanisms of RNA editing in the human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian H Kopell
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Gauri Ganesh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Andy Yang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pardis Amini
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lora E Liharska
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric Vornholt
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - John F Fullard
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pengfei Dong
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric Park
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sarah Zipkowitz
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Deepak A Kaji
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ryan C Thompson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Donjing Liu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - You Jeong Park
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Esther Cheng
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kimia Ziafat
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Emily Moya
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Brian Fennessy
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lillian Wilkins
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hannah Silk
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lisa M Linares
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Brendan Sullivan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Vanessa Cohen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Prashant Kota
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Claudia Feng
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph Scarpa
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Minghui Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Noam D Beckmann
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Michael S Breen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Marin-Rodero M, Reyes EC, Walker AJ, Jayewickreme T, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Richardson Q, Jackson R, Chiu IM, Benoist C, Stevens B, Trejo JL, Mathis D. The meninges host a unique compartment of regulatory T cells that bulwarks adult hippocampal neurogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.599387. [PMID: 38948783 PMCID: PMC11212874 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.599387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Our knowledge about the meningeal immune system has recently burgeoned, particularly our understanding of how innate and adaptive effector cells are mobilized to meet brain challenges. However, information on how meningeal immunocytes guard brain homeostasis in healthy individuals remains sparse. This study highlights the heterogeneous and polyfunctional regulatory-T (Treg) cell compartment in the meninges. A Treg subtype specialized in controlling Th1-cell responses and another known to control responses in B-cell follicles were substantial components of this compartment, foretelling that punctual Treg-cell ablation rapidly unleashed interferon-gamma production by meningeal lymphocytes, unlocked their access to the brain parenchyma, and altered meningeal B-cell profiles. Distally, the hippocampus assumed a reactive state, with morphological and transcriptional changes in multiple glial-cell types; within the dentate gyrus, neural stem cells showed exacerbated death and desisted from further differentiation, associated with inhibition of spatial-reference memory. Thus, meningeal Treg cells are a multifaceted bulwark to brain homeostasis at steady-state. One sentence summary A distinct population of regulatory T cells in the murine meninges safeguards homeostasis by keeping local interferon-γ-producing lymphocytes in check, thereby preventing their invasion of the parenchyma, activation of hippocampal glial cells, death of neural stem cells, and memory decay.
Collapse
|
18
|
He H, Zhang X, He H, Xiao C, Xu G, Li L, Liu YE, Yang C, Zhou T, You Z, Zhang J. Priming of hippocampal microglia by IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway impairs social memory in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112191. [PMID: 38759369 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Social behavior is inextricably linked to the immune system. Although IFN-γ is known to be involved in social behavior, yet whether and how it encodes social memory remains unclear. In the current study, we injected with IFN-γ into the lateral ventricle of male C57BL/6J mice, and three-chamber social test was used to examine the effects of IFN-γ on their social preference and social memory. The morphology of microglia in the hippocampus, prelimbic cortex and amygdala was examined using immunohistochemistry, and the phenotype of microglia were examined using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The IFN-γ-injected mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide, and effects of IFN-γ on behavior and microglial responses were evaluated. STAT1 pathway and microglia-neuron interactions were examined in vivo or in vitro using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Finally, we use STAT1 inhibitor or minocycline to evaluated the role of STAT1 in mediating the microglial priming and effects of primed microglia in IFN-γ-induced social dysfunction. We demonstrated that 500 ng of IFN-γ injection results in significant decrease in social index and social novelty recognition index, and induces microglial priming in hippocampus, characterized by enlarged cell bodies, shortened branches, increased expression of CD68, CD86, CD74, CD11b, CD11c, CD47, IL-33, IL-1β, IL-6 and iNOS, and decreased expression of MCR1, Arg-1, IGF-1 and BDNF. This microglia subpopulation is more sensitive to LPS challenge, which characterized by more significant morphological changes and inflammatory responses, as well as induced increased sickness behaviors in mice. IFN-γ upregulated pSTAT1 and STAT1 and promoted the nuclear translocation of STAT1 in the hippocampal microglia and in the primary microglia. Giving minocycline or STAT1 inhibitor fludarabin blocked the priming of hippocampal microglia induced by IFN-γ, ameliorated the dysfunction in hippocampal microglia-neuron interactions and synapse pruning by microglia, thereby improving social memory deficits in IFN-γ injected mice. IFN-γ initiates STAT1 pathway to induce priming of hippocampal microglia, thereby disrupts hippocampal microglia-neuron interactions and neural circuit link to social memory. Blocking STAT1 pathway or inhibiting microglial priming may be strategies to reduce the effects of IFN-γ on social behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haili He
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hui He
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Chenghong Xiao
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Gaojie Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Liangyuan Li
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu-E Liu
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chengyan Yang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Zili You
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
de los Santos MR, Kopell BH, Grice AB, Ganesh G, Yang A, Amini P, Liharska LE, Vornholt E, Fullard JF, Dong P, Park E, Zipkowitz S, Kaji DA, Thompson RC, Liu D, Park YJ, Cheng E, Ziafat K, Moya E, Fennessy B, Wilkins L, Silk H, Linares LM, Sullivan B, Cohen V, Kota P, Feng C, Johnson JS, Rieder MK, Scarpa J, Nadkarni GN, Wang M, Zhang B, Sklar P, Beckmann ND, Schadt EE, Roussos P, Charney AW, Breen MS. Divergent landscapes of A-to-I editing in postmortem and living human brain. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.06.24306763. [PMID: 38765961 PMCID: PMC11100843 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.24306763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing is a prevalent post-transcriptional RNA modification within the brain. Yet, most research has relied on postmortem samples, assuming it is an accurate representation of RNA biology in the living brain. We challenge this assumption by comparing A-to-I editing between postmortem and living prefrontal cortical tissues. Major differences were found, with over 70,000 A-to-I sites showing higher editing levels in postmortem tissues. Increased A-to-I editing in postmortem tissues is linked to higher ADAR1 and ADARB1 expression, is more pronounced in non-neuronal cells, and indicative of postmortem activation of inflammation and hypoxia. Higher A-to-I editing in living tissues marks sites that are evolutionarily preserved, synaptic, developmentally timed, and disrupted in neurological conditions. Common genetic variants were also found to differentially affect A-to-I editing levels in living versus postmortem tissues. Collectively, these discoveries illuminate the nuanced functions and intricate regulatory mechanisms of RNA editing within the human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian H. Kopell
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Gauri Ganesh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Andy Yang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pardis Amini
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lora E. Liharska
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric Vornholt
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - John F. Fullard
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pengfei Dong
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric Park
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sarah Zipkowitz
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Deepak A. Kaji
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ryan C. Thompson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Donjing Liu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - You Jeong Park
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Esther Cheng
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kimia Ziafat
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Emily Moya
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Brian Fennessy
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lillian Wilkins
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hannah Silk
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lisa M. Linares
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Brendan Sullivan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Vanessa Cohen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Prashant Kota
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Claudia Feng
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph Scarpa
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Minghui Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Noam D. Beckmann
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Michael S. Breen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vacharasin JM, Ward JA, McCord MM, Cox K, Imitola J, Lizarraga SB. Neuroimmune mechanisms in autism etiology - untangling a complex problem using human cellular models. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 3:kvae003. [PMID: 38665176 PMCID: PMC11044813 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1 in 36 people and is more often diagnosed in males than in females. Core features of ASD are impaired social interactions, repetitive behaviors and deficits in verbal communication. ASD is a highly heterogeneous and heritable disorder, yet its underlying genetic causes account only for up to 80% of the cases. Hence, a subset of ASD cases could be influenced by environmental risk factors. Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a response to inflammation during pregnancy, which can lead to increased inflammatory signals to the fetus. Inflammatory signals can cross the placenta and blood brain barriers affecting fetal brain development. Epidemiological and animal studies suggest that MIA could contribute to ASD etiology. However, human mechanistic studies have been hindered by a lack of experimental systems that could replicate the impact of MIA during fetal development. Therefore, mechanisms altered by inflammation during human pre-natal brain development, and that could underlie ASD pathogenesis have been largely understudied. The advent of human cellular models with induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) and organoid technology is closing this gap in knowledge by providing both access to molecular manipulations and culturing capability of tissue that would be otherwise inaccessible. We present an overview of multiple levels of evidence from clinical, epidemiological, and cellular studies that provide a potential link between higher ASD risk and inflammation. More importantly, we discuss how stem cell-derived models may constitute an ideal experimental system to mechanistically interrogate the effect of inflammation during the early stages of brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janay M Vacharasin
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Center for Childhood Neurotherapeutics, Univ. of South Carolina, 715 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Francis Marion University, 4822 East Palmetto Street, Florence, S.C. 29506, USA
| | - Joseph A Ward
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, & Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Carney Institute of Brain Science, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Mikayla M McCord
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Center for Childhood Neurotherapeutics, Univ. of South Carolina, 715 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Kaitlin Cox
- Department of Biological Sciences, and Center for Childhood Neurotherapeutics, Univ. of South Carolina, 715 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jaime Imitola
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Functional Neurogenetics, UConn Health, Departments of Neuroscience, Neurology, Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-5357, USA
| | - Sofia B Lizarraga
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, & Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Carney Institute of Brain Science, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Takada R, Toritsuka M, Yamauchi T, Ishida R, Kayashima Y, Nishi Y, Ishikawa M, Yamamuro K, Ikehara M, Komori T, Noriyama Y, Kamikawa K, Saito Y, Okano H, Makinodan M. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced macrophages of individuals with autism spectrum disorder adversely affect neuronal dendrites through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mol Autism 2024; 15:10. [PMID: 38383466 PMCID: PMC10882766 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-024-00589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that immune dysfunction and inflammation in the peripheral tissues as well as the central nervous system are associated with the neurodevelopmental deficits observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the plasma, serum, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ASD has been reported. These cytokine expression levels are associated with the severity of behavioral impairments and symptoms in ASD. In a prior study, our group reported that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced macrophages (GM-CSF MΦ) and the TNF-α expression ratio in GM-CSF MΦ/M-CSF MΦ (macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced macrophages) was markedly higher in individuals with ASD than in typically developed (TD) individuals. However, the mechanisms of how the macrophages and the highly expressed cytokines affect neurons remain to be addressed. METHODS To elucidate the effect of macrophages on human neurons, we used a co-culture system of control human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and differentiated macrophages obtained from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of five TD individuals and five individuals with ASD. All participants were male and ethnically Japanese. RESULTS Our results of co-culture experiments showed that GM-CSF MΦ affect the dendritic outgrowth of neurons through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1α and TNF-α. Macrophages derived from individuals with ASD exerted more severe effects than those derived from TD individuals. LIMITATIONS The main limitations of our study were the small sample size with a gender bias toward males, the use of artificially polarized macrophages, and the inability to directly observe the interaction between neurons and macrophages from the same individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our co-culture system revealed the non-cell autonomous adverse effects of GM-CSF MΦ in individuals with ASD on neurons, mediated by interleukin-1α and TNF-α. These results may support the immune dysfunction hypothesis of ASD, providing new insights into its pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Takada
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Michihiro Toritsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Takahira Yamauchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Rio Ishida
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kayashima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ishikawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamuro
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Minobu Ikehara
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Komori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Noriyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kohei Kamikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Saito
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Manabu Makinodan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
- Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, 3-16-21 Miyanosaka, Hirakata City, Osaka, 573-0022, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nour-Eldine W, Manaph NPA, Ltaief SM, Abdel Aati N, Mansoori MH, Al Abdulla S, Al-Shammari AR. Discovery of a novel cytokine signature for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in young Arab children in Qatar. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1333534. [PMID: 38414501 PMCID: PMC10896998 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1333534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication and the occurrence of stereotyped and repetitive behaviors. Several studies have reported altered cytokine profiles in ASD and hence may serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers of the disorder. This study aims to identify diagnostic biomarkers for ASD in a well-defined study cohort in Qatar. Methods We measured the protein levels of 45 cytokines in the plasma samples of age- and gender-matched children (2-4 years) with ASD (n = 100) and controls (n = 60) using a Luminex multiplex assay. We compared the differences in the levels of these cytokines between the two study groups and then fitted the significantly altered cytokines into a logistic regression model to examine their diagnostic potential for ASD. Results We found elevated levels of IFN-γ, FGF-2, IL-1RA, and IL-13 and reduced levels of eotaxin, HGF, IL-1 alpha, IL-22, IL-9, MCP-1, SCF, SDF-1 alpha, VEGFA, and IP-10 in the plasma of children with ASD compared to controls. Furthermore, we observed that elevated levels of IFN-γ (odds ratio (OR) = 1.823; 95% (confidence interval) CI = 1.206, 2.755; p = 0.004) and FGF-2 (OR = 2.528; 95% CI = 1.457, 4.385; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with increased odds of ASD, whereas reduced levels of eotaxin (OR = 0.350; 95% CI = 0.160, 0.765; p = 0.008) and HGF (OR = 0.220; 95% CI = 0.070, 0.696; p = 0.010) were significantly associated with lower odds of ASD relative to controls. The combination of these four cytokines revealed an area under the curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.829 (95% CI = 0.767, 0.891; p < 0.001), which demonstrates the diagnostic accuracy of the four-cytokine signature. Conclusions Our results identified a panel of cytokines that could discriminate between children with ASD and controls in Qatar. In addition, our findings support the predominance of a Th1 immune phenotype in ASD children and emphasize the need to validate these results in larger populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wared Nour-Eldine
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Samia M Ltaief
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nazim Abdel Aati
- Child Development Center, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Samya Al Abdulla
- Department of Operations, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abeer R Al-Shammari
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Drydale E, Rath P, Holden K, Holt G, Havins L, Johnson T, Bancroft J, Handunnetthi L. Stem-cell derived neurosphere assay highlights the effects of viral infection on human cortical development. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:718-726. [PMID: 37995835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant cortical development is a key feature of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Both genetic and environmental risk factors are thought to contribute to defects in cortical development; however, model systems that can capture the dynamic process of human cortical development are not well established. To address this challenge, we combined recent progress in induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation with advanced live cell imaging techniques to establish a novel three-dimensional neurosphere assay, amenable to genetic and environmental modifications, to investigate key aspects of human cortical development in real-time. For the first time, we demonstrate the ability to visualise and quantify radial glial extension and neural migration through live cell imaging. To show proof-of-concept, we used our neurosphere assay to study the effect of a simulated viral infection, a well-established environmental risk factor in neurodevelopmental disorders, on cortical development. This was achieved by exposing neurospheres to the viral mimic, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. The results showed significant reductions in radial glia growth and neural migration in three independent differentiations. Further, fixed imaging highlighted reductions in the HOPX-expressing outer radial glia scaffolding and a consequent decrease in the migration of CTIP2-expressing cortical cells. Overall, our results provide new insight into how infections may exert deleterious effects on the developing human cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Drydale
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Phalguni Rath
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Holden
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Holt
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Laurissa Havins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Johnson
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - James Bancroft
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Lahiru Handunnetthi
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Duarte-Campos JF, Vázquez-Moreno CN, Martínez-Marcial M, Chavarría A, Ramírez-Carreto RJ, Velasco Velázquez MA, De La Fuente-Granada M, González-Arenas A. Changes in neuroinflammatory markers and microglial density in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the C58/J mouse model of autism. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:154-173. [PMID: 38057955 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a diverse group of neurodevelopmental conditions with complex origins. Individuals with ASD present various neurobiological abnormalities, including an altered immune response in the central nervous system and other tissues. Animal models like the C58/J inbred mouse strain are used to study biological characteristics of ASD. This strain is considered an idiopathic autism model because of its demonstrated reduced social preference and repetitive behaviours. Notably, C58/J mice exhibit alterations in dendritic arbour complexity, density and dendritic spines maturation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC), but inflammatory-related changes have not been explored in these mice. In this study, we investigated proinflammatory markers in the hippocampus and PFC of adult male C58/J mice. We discovered elevated levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in the hippocampus, suggesting increased inflammation, alongside a reduction in the anti-inflammatory enzyme arginase 1 (ARG1). Conversely, the PFC displayed reduced levels of TNF-α and MCP-1. Microglial analysis revealed higher levels of transmembrane protein 119 (TMEM119) and increased microglial density in a region-specific manner of the autistic-like mice, particularly in the PFC and hippocampus. Additionally, an augmented expression of the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 was observed in the hippocampus and PFC of C58/J mice. Microglial morphological analysis shows no evident changes in the hippocampus of mice with autistic-like behaviours versus wild-type strain. These region-specific changes can contribute to modulate processes like inflammation or synaptic pruning in the C58/J mouse model of idiopathic autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Duarte-Campos
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Noé Vázquez-Moreno
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Martínez-Marcial
- Unidad de Modelos Biológicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anahí Chavarría
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Jair Ramírez-Carreto
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco A Velasco Velázquez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisol De La Fuente-Granada
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aliesha González-Arenas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sarieva K, Kagermeier T, Khakipoor S, Atay E, Yentür Z, Becker K, Mayer S. Human brain organoid model of maternal immune activation identifies radial glia cells as selectively vulnerable. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:5077-5089. [PMID: 36878967 PMCID: PMC9986664 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) during critical windows of gestation is correlated with long-term neurodevelopmental deficits in the offspring, including increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in humans. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) derived from the gestational parent is one of the major molecular mediators by which MIA alters the developing brain. In this study, we establish a human three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model of MIA by treating induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dorsal forebrain organoids with a constitutively active form of IL-6, Hyper-IL-6. We validate our model by showing that dorsal forebrain organoids express the molecular machinery necessary for responding to Hyper-IL-6 and activate STAT signaling upon Hyper-IL-6 treatment. RNA sequencing analysis reveals the upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) genes in response to Hyper-IL-6 exposure, which have been implicated with ASD. We find a small increase in the proportion of radial glia cells after Hyper-IL-6 treatment through immunohistochemistry and single-cell RNA-sequencing. We further show that radial glia cells are the cell type with the highest number of differentially expressed genes, and Hyper-IL-6 treatment leads to the downregulation of genes related to protein translation in line with a mouse model of MIA. Additionally, we identify differentially expressed genes not found in mouse models of MIA, which might drive species-specific responses to MIA. Finally, we show abnormal cortical layering as a long-term consequence of Hyper-IL-6 treatment. In summary, we establish a human 3D model of MIA, which can be used to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the increased risk for developing disorders such as ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia Sarieva
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School, Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Kagermeier
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School, Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shokoufeh Khakipoor
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ezgi Atay
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zeynep Yentür
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School, Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Becker
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simone Mayer
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School, Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Michalski C, Wen Z. Leveraging iPSC technology to assess neuro-immune interactions in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1291115. [PMID: 38025464 PMCID: PMC10672983 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1291115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication between the immune and the nervous system is essential for human brain development and homeostasis. Disruption of this intricately regulated crosstalk can lead to neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, or neurodegenerative disorders. While animal models have been essential in characterizing the role of neuroimmunity in development and disease, they come with inherent limitations due to species specific differences, particularly with regard to microglia, the major subset of brain resident immune cells. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology now allows the development of clinically relevant models of the central nervous system that adequately reflect human genetic architecture. This article will review recent publications that have leveraged iPSC technology to assess neuro-immune interactions. First, we will discuss the role of environmental stressors such as neurotropic viruses or pro-inflammatory cytokines on neuronal and glial function. Next, we will review how iPSC models can be used to study genetic risk factors in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Lastly, we will evaluate current challenges and future potential for iPSC models in the field of neuroimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Michalski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sarieva K, Hildebrand F, Kagermeier T, Yentür Z, Becker K, Mayer S. Pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells can be used to model effects of IL-6 on human neurodevelopment. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050306. [PMID: 37921007 PMCID: PMC10629675 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) increases the risks for neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring through inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6). We therefore aimed to establish a human two-dimensional (2D) in vitro neural model to investigate the effects of IL-6 exposure on neurodevelopment. IL-6 signal transduction requires two receptors: interleukin-6 signal transducer (IL6ST) and interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R). Prenatally, neural cells lack IL6R, and hence cannot elicit cis IL-6 signaling, but IL6R can be provided by microglia in trans. We demonstrate here that an immortalized human neural progenitor cell (NPC) line, ReNCell CX, expresses IL6ST and elicits both cis and trans IL-6 signaling, limiting its use as a model of MIA. In contrast, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NPCs only activate the IL-6 cascade in trans. Activation of the trans IL-6 cascade did not result in increased proliferation of iPSC-derived NPCs or ReNCell CX, as has been demonstrated in animal models. iPSC-derived NPCs upregulated NR2F1 expression in response to IL-6 signaling in line with analogous experiments in organoids. Thus, iPSC-derived NPCs can be used to model gene expression changes in response to MIA in 2D cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia Sarieva
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School, Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Hildebrand
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Kagermeier
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zeynep Yentür
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School, Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Becker
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simone Mayer
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bhat AA, Goyal A, Thapa R, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Singh M, Rohilla S, Saini TK, Kukreti N, Meenakshi DU, Fuloria NK, Sekar M, Gupta G. Uncovering the complex role of interferon-gamma in suppressing type 2 immunity to cancer. Cytokine 2023; 171:156376. [PMID: 37748333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer involves cells' abnormal growth and ability to invade or metastasize to different body parts. Cancerous cells can divide uncontrollably and spread to other areas through the lymphatic or circulatory systems. Tumors form when malignant cells clump together in an uncontrolled manner. In this context, the cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is crucial in regulating immunological responses, particularly malignancy. While IFN-γ is well-known for its potent anti-tumor effects by activating type 1 immunity, recent research has revealed its ability to suppress type 2 immunity, associated with allergy and inflammatory responses. This review aims to elucidate the intricate function of IFN-γ in inhibiting type 2 immune responses to cancer. We explore how IFN-γ influences the development and function of immune cells involved in type 2 immunity, such as mast cells, eosinophils, and T-helper 2 (Th2) cells. Additionally, we investigate the impact of IFN-mediated reduction of type 2 immunity on tumor development, metastasis, and the response to immunotherapeutic interventions. To develop successful cancer immunotherapies, it is crucial to comprehend the complex interplay between type 2 and type 1 immune response and the regulatory role of IFN-γ. This understanding holds tremendous promise for the development of innovative treatment approaches that harness the abilities of both immune response types to combat cancer. However, unraveling the intricate interplay between IFN-γ and type 2 immunity in the tumor microenvironment will be essential for achieving this goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, U. P., India
| | - Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahaveer Singh
- Swami Keshvanand Institute of Pharmacy (SKIP), Raiser, Bikaner, 334022, India
| | - Suman Rohilla
- SGT College of Pharmacy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, 122505, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Saini
- Dept. Of Neurosurgery ICU, Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi (Govt. Of NCT Of Delhi), New Delhi, India
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | | | | | - Mahendran Sekar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Alexandros Lalousis P, Schmaal L, Wood SJ, L E P Reniers R, Cropley VL, Watson A, Pantelis C, Suckling J, Barnes NM, Pariante C, Jones PB, Joyce E, Barnes TRE, Lawrie SM, Husain N, Dazzan P, Deakin B, Shannon Weickert C, Upthegrove R. Inflammatory subgroups of schizophrenia and their association with brain structure: A semi-supervised machine learning examination of heterogeneity. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:166-175. [PMID: 37423513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune system dysfunction is hypothesised to contribute to structural brain changes through aberrant synaptic pruning in schizophrenia. However, evidence is mixed and there is a lack of evidence of inflammation and its effect on grey matter volume (GMV) in patients. We hypothesised that inflammatory subgroups can be identified and that the subgroups will show distinct neuroanatomical and neurocognitive profiles. METHODS The total sample consisted of 1067 participants (chronic patients with schizophrenia n = 467 and healthy controls (HCs) n = 600) from the Australia Schizophrenia Research Bank (ASRB) dataset, together with 218 recent-onset patients with schizophrenia from the external Benefit of Minocycline on Negative Symptoms of Psychosis: Extent and Mechanism (BeneMin) dataset. HYDRA (HeterogeneitY through DiscRiminant Analysis) was used to separate schizophrenia from HC and define disease-related subgroups based on inflammatory markers. Voxel-based morphometry and inferential statistics were used to explore GMV alterations and neurocognitive deficits in these subgroups. RESULTS An optimal clustering solution revealed five main schizophrenia groups separable from HC: Low Inflammation, Elevated CRP, Elevated IL-6/IL-8, Elevated IFN-γ, and Elevated IL-10 with an adjusted Rand index of 0.573. When compared with the healthy controls, the IL-6/IL-8 cluster showed the most widespread, including the anterior cingulate, GMV reduction. The IFN-γ inflammation cluster showed the least GMV reduction and impairment of cognitive performance. The CRP and the Low Inflammation clusters dominated in the younger external dataset. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation in schizophrenia may not be merely a case of low vs high, but rather there are pluripotent, heterogeneous mechanisms at play which could be reliably identified based on accessible, peripheral measures. This could inform the successful development of targeted interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paris Alexandros Lalousis
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Orygen, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Renate L E P Reniers
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa L Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Watson
- The Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; NorthWestern Mental Health, Western Hospital Sunshine, St. Albans, Vicroria, Australia
| | - John Suckling
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Herchel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas M Barnes
- Institute for Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Lab & Perinatal Psychiatry, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Jones
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Herchel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Joyce
- The Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R E Barnes
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nusrat Husain
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester & Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bill Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Birmingham Early Interventions Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Clark DN, O'Neil SM, Xu L, Steppe JT, Savage JT, Raghunathan K, Filiano AJ. Prolonged STAT1 activation in neurons drives a pathological transcriptional response. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 382:578168. [PMID: 37556887 PMCID: PMC10527980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurons require physiological IFN-γ signaling to maintain central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, however, pathological IFN-γ signaling can cause CNS pathologies. The downstream signaling mechanisms that cause these drastically different outcomes in neurons has not been well studied. We hypothesized that different levels of IFN-γ signaling in neurons results in differential activation of its downstream transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transduction 1 (STAT1), causing varying outcomes. Using primary cortical neurons, we showed that physiological IFN-γ elicited brief and transient STAT1 activation, whereas pathological IFN-γ induced prolonged STAT1 activation, which primed the pathway to be more responsive to a subsequent IFN-γ challenge. This is an IFN-γ specific response, as other IFNs and cytokines did not elicit such STAT1 activation nor priming in neurons. Additionally, we did not see the same effect in microglia or astrocytes, suggesting this non-canonical IFN-γ/STAT1 signaling is unique to neurons. Prolonged STAT1 activation was facilitated by continuous janus kinase (JAK) activity, even in the absence of IFN-γ. Finally, although IFN-γ initially induced a canonical IFN-γ transcriptional response in neurons, pathological levels of IFN-γ caused long-term changes in synaptic pathway transcripts. Overall, these findings suggest that IFN-γ signaling occurs via non-canonical mechanisms in neurons, and differential STAT1 activation may explain how neurons have both homeostatic and pathological responses to IFN-γ signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Clark
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Shane M O'Neil
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Li Xu
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Justin T Steppe
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Justin T Savage
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | | | - Anthony J Filiano
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Imitola J, Hollingsworth EW, Watanabe F, Olah M, Elyaman W, Starossom S, Kivisäkk P, Khoury SJ. Stat1 is an inducible transcriptional repressor of neural stem cells self-renewal program during neuroinflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1156802. [PMID: 37663126 PMCID: PMC10469489 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1156802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A central issue in regenerative medicine is understanding the mechanisms that regulate the self-renewal of endogenous stem cells in response to injury and disease. Interferons increase hematopoietic stem cells during infection by activating STAT1, but the mechanisms by which STAT1 regulates intrinsic programs in neural stem cells (NSCs) during neuroinflammation is less known. Here we explored the role of STAT1 on NSC self-renewal. We show that overexpressing Stat1 in NSCs derived from the subventricular zone (SVZ) decreases NSC self-renewal capacity while Stat1 deletion increases NSC self-renewal, neurogenesis, and oligodendrogenesis in isolated NSCs. Importantly, we find upregulation of STAT1 in NSCs in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and an increase in pathological T cells expressing IFN-γ rather than interleukin 17 (IL-17) in the cerebrospinal fluid of affected mice. We find IFN-γ is superior to IL-17 in reducing proliferation and precipitating an abnormal NSC phenotype featuring increased STAT1 phosphorylation and Stat1 and p16ink4a gene expression. Notably, Stat1-/- NSCs were resistant to the effect of IFN-γ. Lastly, we identified a Stat1-dependent gene expression profile associated with an increase in the Sox9 transcription factor, a regulator of self-renewal. Stat1 binds and transcriptionally represses Sox9 in a transcriptional luciferase assay. We conclude that Stat1 serves as an inducible checkpoint for NSC self-renewal that is upregulated during chronic brain inflammation leading to decreased self-renewal. As such, Stat1 may be a potential target to modulate for next generation therapies to prevent progression and loss of repair function in NSCs/neural progenitors in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Imitola
- Laboratory for Neural Stem Cells and Functional Neurogenetics, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ethan W. Hollingsworth
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Fumihiro Watanabe
- Laboratory for Neural Stem Cells and Functional Neurogenetics, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Marta Olah
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Wassim Elyaman
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Sarah Starossom
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Kivisäkk
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Alzheimer’s Clinical and Translational Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Samia J. Khoury
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Abu Haidar Neuroscience Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Teng P, Li Y, Ku L, Wang F, Goldsmith DR, Wen Z, Yao B, Feng Y. The human lncRNA GOMAFU suppresses neuronal interferon response pathways affected in neuropsychiatric diseases. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 112:175-187. [PMID: 37301236 PMCID: PMC10527610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play multifaceted roles in regulating brain gene networks. LncRNA abnormalities are thought to underlie the complex etiology of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. One example is the human lncRNA gene GOMAFU, which is found dysregulated in schizophrenia (SCZ) postmortem brains and harbors genetic variants that contribute to the risk of SCZ. However, transcriptome-wide biological pathways regulated by GOMAFU have not been determined. How GOMAFU dysregulation contributes to SCZ pathogenesis remains elusive. Here we report that GOMAFU is a novel suppressor of human neuronal interferon (IFN) response pathways that are hyperactive in the postmortem SCZ brains. We analyzed recently released transcriptomic profiling datasets in clinically relevant brain areas derived from multiple SCZ cohorts and found brain region-specific dysregulation of GOMAFU. Using CRISPR-Cas9 to delete the GOMAFU promoter in a human neural progenitor cell model, we identified transcriptomic alterations caused by GOMAFU deficiency in pathways commonly affected in postmortem brains of SCZ and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with the most striking effects on upregulation of numerous genes underlying IFN signaling. In addition, expression levels of GOMAFU target genes in the IFN pathway are differentially affected in SCZ brain regions and negatively associated with GOMAFU alterations. Furthermore, acute exposure to IFN-γ causes a rapid decline of GOMAFU and activation of a subclass of GOMAFU targets in stress and immune response pathways that are affected in SCZ brains, which form a highly interactive molecular network. Together, our studies unveiled the first evidence of lncRNA-governed neuronal response pathways to IFN challenge and suggest that GOMAFU dysregulation may mediate environmental risks and contribute to etiological neuroinflammatory responses by brain neurons of neuropsychiatric diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Teng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Yangping Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Li Ku
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - David R Goldsmith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bing Yao
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fujimura K, Guise AJ, Nakayama T, Schlaffner CN, Meziani A, Kumar M, Cheng L, Vaughan DJ, Kodani A, Van Haren S, Parker K, Levy O, Durbin AF, Bosch I, Gehrke L, Steen H, Mochida GH, Steen JA. Integrative systems biology characterizes immune-mediated neurodevelopmental changes in murine Zika virus microcephaly. iScience 2023; 26:106909. [PMID: 37332674 PMCID: PMC10275723 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing perturbation of molecular pathways in congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is critical for improved therapeutic approaches. Leveraging integrative systems biology, proteomics, and RNA-seq, we analyzed embryonic brain tissues from an immunocompetent, wild-type congenital ZIKV infection mouse model. ZIKV induced a robust immune response accompanied by the downregulation of critical neurodevelopmental gene programs. We identified a negative correlation between ZIKV polyprotein abundance and host cell cycle-inducing proteins. We further captured the downregulation of genes/proteins, many of which are known to be causative for human microcephaly, including Eomesodermin/T-box Brain Protein 2 (EOMES/TBR2) and Neuronal Differentiation 2 (NEUROD2). Disturbances of distinct molecular pathways in neural progenitors and post-mitotic neurons may contribute to complex brain phenotype of congenital ZIKV infection. Overall, this report on protein- and transcript-level dynamics enhances understanding of the ZIKV immunopathological landscape through characterization of fetal immune response in the developing brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimino Fujimura
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shin-Yurigaoka General Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Amanda J. Guise
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tojo Nakayama
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph N. Schlaffner
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anais Meziani
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Long Cheng
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dylan J. Vaughan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Kodani
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Simon Van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ann F. Durbin
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Irene Bosch
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lee Gehrke
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hanno Steen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ganeshwaran H. Mochida
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judith A. Steen
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Popova G, Retallack H, Kim CN, Wang A, Shin D, DeRisi JL, Nowakowski T. Rubella virus tropism and single-cell responses in human primary tissue and microglia-containing organoids. eLife 2023; 12:RP87696. [PMID: 37470786 PMCID: PMC10370260 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rubella virus is an important human pathogen that can cause neurological deficits in a developing fetus when contracted during pregnancy. Despite successful vaccination programs in the Americas and many developed countries, rubella remains endemic in many regions worldwide and outbreaks occur wherever population immunity is insufficient. Intense interest since rubella virus was first isolated in 1962 has advanced our understanding of clinical outcomes after infection disrupts key processes of fetal neurodevelopment. Yet it is still largely unknown which cell types in the developing brain are targeted. We show that in human brain slices, rubella virus predominantly infects microglia. This infection occurs in a heterogeneous population but not in a highly microglia-enriched monoculture in the absence of other cell types. By using an organoid-microglia model, we further demonstrate that rubella virus infection leads to a profound interferon response in non-microglial cells, including neurons and neural progenitor cells, and this response is attenuated by the presence of microglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galina Popova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Hanna Retallack
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Chang N Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - David Shin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Joseph L DeRisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Tomasz Nowakowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Couch ACM, Solomon S, Duarte RRR, Marrocu A, Sun Y, Sichlinger L, Matuleviciute R, Polit LD, Hanger B, Brown A, Kordasti S, Srivastava DP, Vernon AC. Acute IL-6 exposure triggers canonical IL6Ra signaling in hiPSC microglia, but not neural progenitor cells. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 110:43-59. [PMID: 36781081 PMCID: PMC10682389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to elevated interleukin (IL)-6 levels is associated with increased risk for psychiatric disorders with a putative neurodevelopmental origin, such as schizophrenia (SZ), autism spectrum condition (ASC) and bipolar disorder (BD). Although rodent models provide causal evidence for this association, we lack a detailed understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms in human model systems. To close this gap, we characterized the response of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC-)derived microglia-like cells (MGL) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to IL-6 in monoculture. RESULTS We observed that human forebrain NPCs did not respond to acute IL-6 exposure in monoculture at both protein and transcript levels due to the absence of IL6R expression and soluble (s)IL6Ra secretion. By contrast, acute IL-6 exposure resulted in STAT3 phosphorylation and increased IL6, JMJD3 and IL10 expression in MGL, confirming activation of canonical IL6Ra signaling. Bulk RNAseq identified 156 up-regulated genes (FDR < 0.05) in MGL following acute IL-6 exposure, including IRF8, REL, HSPA1A/B and OXTR, which significantly overlapped with an up-regulated gene set from human post-mortem brain tissue from individuals with schizophrenia. Acute IL-6 stimulation significantly increased MGL motility, consistent with gene ontology pathways highlighted from the RNAseq data and replicating rodent model indications that IRF8 regulates microglial motility. Finally, IL-6 induces MGLs to secrete CCL1, CXCL1, MIP-1α/β, IL-8, IL-13, IL-16, IL-18, MIF and Serpin-E1 after 3 h and 24 h. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence for cell specific effects of acute IL-6 exposure in a human model system, ultimately suggesting that microglia-NPC co-culture models are required to study how IL-6 influences human cortical neural progenitor cell development in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amalie C M Couch
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shiden Solomon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rodrigo R R Duarte
- Department of Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Alessia Marrocu
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yiqing Sun
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Sichlinger
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rugile Matuleviciute
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Dutan Polit
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bjørn Hanger
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amelia Brown
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shahram Kordasti
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Deepak P Srivastava
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Feil D, Abrishamcar S, Christensen GM, Vanker A, Koen N, Kilanowski A, Hoffman N, Wedderburn CJ, Donald KA, Kobor MS, Zar HJ, Stein DJ, Hüls A. DNA methylation as a potential mediator of the association between indoor air pollution and neurodevelopmental delay in a South African birth cohort. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:31. [PMID: 36855151 PMCID: PMC9972733 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to indoor air pollution during pregnancy has been linked to neurodevelopmental delay in toddlers. Epigenetic modification, particularly DNA methylation (DNAm), may explain this link. In this study, we employed three high-dimensional mediation analysis methods (HIMA, DACT, and gHMA) followed by causal mediation analysis to identify differentially methylated CpG sites and genes that mediate the association between indoor air pollution and neurodevelopmental delay. Analyses were performed using data from 142 mother to child pairs from a South African birth cohort, the Drakenstein Child Health Study. DNAm from cord blood was measured using the Infinium MethylationEPIC and HumanMethylation450 arrays. Neurodevelopment was assessed at age 2 years using the Bayley Scores of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition across four domains (cognitive development, general adaptive behavior, language, and motor function). Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM10) was measured inside participants' homes during the second trimester of pregnancy. RESULTS A total of 29 CpG sites and 4 genes (GOPC, RP11-74K11.1, DYRK1A, RNMT) were identified as significant mediators of the association between PM10 and cognitive neurodevelopment. The estimated proportion mediated (95%-confidence interval) ranged from 0.29 [0.01, 0.86] for cg00694520 to 0.54 [0.11, 1.56] for cg05023582. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that DNAm may mediate the association between prenatal PM10 exposure and cognitive neurodevelopment. DYRK1A and several genes that our CpG sites mapped to, including CNKSR1, IPO13, IFNGR1, LONP2, and CDH1, are associated with biological pathways implicated in cognitive neurodevelopment and three of our identified CpG sites (cg23560546 [DAPL1], cg22572779 [C6orf218], cg15000966 [NT5C]) have been previously associated with fetal brain development. These findings are novel and add to the limited literature investigating the relationship between indoor air pollution, DNAm, and neurodevelopment, particularly in low- and middle-income country settings and non-white populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dakotah Feil
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sarina Abrishamcar
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Grace M Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Aneesa Vanker
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, SA and SA-MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nastassja Koen
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna Kilanowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadia Hoffman
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine J Wedderburn
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, SA and SA-MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kirsten A Donald
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, SA and SA-MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Heather J Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, SA and SA-MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anke Hüls
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang X, Yang C, Wang X, Miao J, Chen W, Zhou Y, Xu Y, An Y, Cheng A, Ye W, Chen M, Song D, Yuan X, Wang J, Qian P, Ruohao Wu A, Zhang ZY, Liu K. Driving axon regeneration by orchestrating neuronal and non-neuronal innate immune responses via the IFNγ-cGAS-STING axis. Neuron 2023; 111:236-255.e7. [PMID: 36370710 PMCID: PMC9851977 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The coordination mechanism of neural innate immune responses for axon regeneration is not well understood. Here, we showed that neuronal deletion of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 sustains the IFNγ-STAT1 activity in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to promote axon regeneration after injury, independent of mTOR or STAT3. DNA-damage-induced cGAMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STINGs) activation is the functional downstream signaling. Directly activating neuronal STING by cGAMP promotes axon regeneration. In contrast to the central axons, IFNγ is locally translated in the injured peripheral axons and upregulates cGAS expression in Schwann cells and infiltrating blood cells to produce cGAMP, which promotes spontaneous axon regeneration as an immunotransmitter. Our study demonstrates that injured peripheral nervous system (PNS) axons can direct the environmental innate immune response for self-repair and that the neural antiviral mechanism can be harnessed to promote axon regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China,Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University–The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, China,These authors contributed equally
| | - Chao Yang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China,Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University–The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, China,These authors contributed equally
| | - Xuejie Wang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China,Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinmin Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Weitao Chen
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University–The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Yiren Zhou
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongyan An
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aifang Cheng
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenkang Ye
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengxian Chen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong Song
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiguang Wang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiyuan Qian
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China,Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angela Ruohao Wu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China,Center for Aging Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China; Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Majerczyk D, Ayad E, Brewton K, Saing P, Hart P. Systemic maternal inflammation promotes ASD via IL-6 and IFN-γ. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20220713. [PMID: 36300375 PMCID: PMC9670245 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder that manifests during early development, impacting individuals through their ways of communicating, social behaviors, and their ability to perform day-to-day activities. There have been different proposed mechanisms on how ASD precipitates within a patient, one of which being the impact cytokines have on fetal development once a mother's immune system has been activated (referred to as maternal immune activation, MIA). The occurrence of ASD has long been associated with elevated levels of several cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). These proinflammatory cytokines can achieve high systemic levels in response to immune activating pathogens from various extrinsic sources. Transfer of cytokines such as IL-6 across the placental barrier allows accumulation in the fetus, potentially inducing neuroinflammation and consequently altering neurodevelopmental processes. Individuals who have been later diagnosed with ASD have been observed to have elevated levels of IL-6 and other proinflammatory cytokines during gestation. Moreover, the outcome of MIA has been associated with neurological effects such as impaired social interaction and an increase in repetitive behavior in animal models, supporting a mechanistic link between gestational inflammation and development of ASD-like characteristics. The present review attempts to provide a concise overview of the available preclinical and clinical data that suggest cross-talk between IL-6 and IFN-γ through both extrinsic and intrinsic factors as a central mechanism of MIA that may promote the development of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Majerczyk
- College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Illinois 60173, U.S.A
- Loyola Medicine, Berwyn, Illinois 60402, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth G. Ayad
- College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Illinois 60173, U.S.A
| | - Kari L. Brewton
- College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Illinois 60173, U.S.A
| | - Pichrasmei Saing
- College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Illinois 60173, U.S.A
| | - Peter C. Hart
- College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Illinois 60173, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bhat A, Irizar H, Couch ACM, Raval P, Duarte RRR, Dutan Polit L, Hanger B, Powell T, Deans PJM, Shum C, Nagy R, McAlonan G, Iyegbe CO, Price J, Bramon E, Bhattacharyya S, Vernon AC, Srivastava DP. Attenuated transcriptional response to pro-inflammatory cytokines in schizophrenia hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 105:82-97. [PMID: 35716830 PMCID: PMC9810540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) during prenatal development is an environmental risk factor for psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia (SZ). Converging lines of evidence from human and animal model studies suggest that elevated cytokine levels in the maternal and fetal compartments are an important indication of the mechanisms driving this association. However, there is variability in susceptibility to the psychiatric risk conferred by MIA, likely influenced by genetic factors. How MIA interacts with a genetic profile susceptible to SZ is challenging to test in animal models. To address this gap, we examined whether differential gene expression responses occur in forebrain-lineage neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) generated from three individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and three healthy controls. Following acute (24 h) treatment with either interferon-gamma (IFNγ; 25 ng/μl) or interleukin (IL)-1β (10 ng/μl), we identified, by RNA sequencing, 3380 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the IFNγ-treated control lines (compared to untreated controls), and 1980 DEGs in IFNγ-treated SZ lines (compared to untreated SZ lines). Out of 4137 genes that responded significantly to IFNγ across all lines, 1223 were common to both SZ and control lines. The 2914 genes that appeared to respond differentially to IFNγ treatment in SZ lines were subjected to a further test of significance (multiple testing correction applied to the interaction effect between IFNγ treatment and SZ diagnosis), yielding 359 genes that passed the significance threshold. There were no differentially expressed genes in the IL-1β-treatment conditions after Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Gene set enrichment analysis however showed that IL-1β impacts immune function and neuronal differentiation. Overall, our data suggest that a) SZ NPCs show an attenuated transcriptional response to IFNγ treatment compared to controls; b) Due to low IL-1β receptor expression in NPCs, NPC cultures appear to be less responsive to IL-1β than IFNγ; and c) the genes differentially regulated in SZ lines - in the face of a cytokine challenge - are primarily associated with mitochondrial, "loss-of-function", pre- and post-synaptic gene sets. Our findings particularly highlight the role of early synaptic development in the association between maternal immune activation and schizophrenia risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bhat
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Haritz Irizar
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, NY, USA
| | - Amalie C M Couch
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Pooja Raval
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Rodrigo R R Duarte
- Department of Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Lucia Dutan Polit
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Bjorn Hanger
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Timothy Powell
- Department of Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - P J Michael Deans
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Carole Shum
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Roland Nagy
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Conrad O Iyegbe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Price
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK.
| | - Deepak P Srivastava
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Clark DN, Begg LR, Filiano AJ. Unique aspects of IFN-γ/STAT1 signaling in neurons. Immunol Rev 2022; 311:187-204. [PMID: 35656941 PMCID: PMC10120860 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The IFN-γ/STAT1 immune signaling pathway impacts many homeostatic and pathological aspects of neurons, beyond its canonical role in controlling intracellular pathogens. Well known for its potent pro-inflammatory and anti-viral functions in the periphery, the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway is rapidly activated then deactivated to prevent excessive inflammation; however, neurons utilize unique IFN-γ/STAT1 activation patterns, which may contribute to the non-canonical neuron-specific downstream effects. Though it is now well-established that the immune system interacts and supports the CNS in health and disease, many aspects regarding IFN-γ production in the CNS and how neurons respond to IFN-γ are unclear. Additionally, it is not well understood how the diversity of the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway is regulated in neurons to control homeostatic functions, support immune surveillance, and prevent pathologies. In this review, we discuss the neuron-specific mechanisms and kinetics of IFN-γ/STAT1 activation, the potential sources and entry sites of IFN-γ in the CNS, and the diverse set of homeostatic and pathological effects IFN-γ/STAT1 signaling in neurons has on CNS health and disease. We will also highlight the different contexts and conditions under which IFN-γ-induced STAT1 activation has been studied in neurons, and how various factors might contribute to the vast array of downstream effects observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N. Clark
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren R. Begg
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anthony J. Filiano
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Marcus Center for Cellular Cures, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shoji M, Okamoto R, Unno T, Harada K, Kubo M, Fukuyama Y, Kuzuhara T. Transcriptome analysis of PC12 cells reveals that trans-banglene upregulates RT1-CE1 and downregulates abca1 in the neurotrophic pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1784-1790. [PMID: 36155550 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trans(t)-banglene and cis(c)-banglene possess neurotrophin-like activity in rat neurons. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying t-banglene-induced neurotrophic activity in rat and human neurons remain unclear. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis in PC12 cells, a rat adrenal gland pheochromocytoma cell line treated with t-banglene, using comprehensive RNA sequencing. The differentially expressed gene analysis of the sequencing data revealed that the expression of RT1 class I, locus CE1 (RT1-CE1) was upregulated, and that of ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (abca1), myosin light chain 6, and hippocampus abundant transcript 1 was downregulated in t-banglene-treated PC12 cells, with statistically significant differences. We also confirmed the RT1-CE1 upregulation and abca1 downregulation in t-banglene-treated PC12 cells by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RT1-CEl is a major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) protein. ABCAl is a major cholesterol transporter that regulates efflux of intracellular cholesterol and phospholipids. Thus, our results suggest an exciting link between MHCI, cholesterol regulation, and neural development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shoji
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Risa Okamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Taishi Unno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Takashi Kuzuhara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pavlinek A, Matuleviciute R, Sichlinger L, Dutan Polit L, Armeniakos N, Vernon AC, Srivastava DP. Interferon-γ exposure of human iPSC-derived neurons alters major histocompatibility complex I and synapsin protein expression. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:836217. [PMID: 36186864 PMCID: PMC9515429 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.836217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidemiological data links maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation with increased risk for psychiatric disorders with a putative neurodevelopmental origin, including schizophrenia and autism. Animal models of MIA provide evidence for this association and suggest that inflammatory cytokines represent one critical link between maternal infection and any potential impact on offspring brain and behavior development. However, to what extent specific cytokines are necessary and sufficient for these effects remains unclear. It is also unclear how specific cytokines may impact the development of specific cell types. Using a human cellular model, we recently demonstrated that acute exposure to interferon-γ (IFNγ) recapitulates molecular and cellular phenotypes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we extend this work to test whether IFNγ can impact the development of immature glutamatergic neurons using an induced neuronal cellular system. We find that acute exposure to IFNγ activates a signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-pathway in immature neurons, and results in significantly increased major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI) expression at the mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, acute IFNγ exposure decreased synapsin I/II protein in neurons but did not affect the expression of synaptic genes. Interestingly, complement component 4A (C4A) gene expression was significantly increased following acute IFNγ exposure. This study builds on our previous work by showing that IFNγ-mediated disruption of relevant synaptic proteins can occur at early stages of neuronal development, potentially contributing to neurodevelopmental disorder phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pavlinek
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rugile Matuleviciute
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Sichlinger
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Dutan Polit
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos Armeniakos
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Christopher Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak Prakash Srivastava
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Klein L, Van Steenwinckel J, Fleiss B, Scheuer T, Bührer C, Faivre V, Lemoine S, Blugeon C, Schwendimann L, Csaba Z, Bokobza C, Vousden DA, Lerch JP, Vernon AC, Gressens P, Schmitz T. A unique cerebellar pattern of microglia activation in a mouse model of encephalopathy of prematurity. Glia 2022; 70:1699-1719. [PMID: 35579329 PMCID: PMC9545095 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Preterm infants often show pathologies of the cerebellum, which are associated with impaired motor performance, lower IQ and poor language skills at school ages. Using a mouse model of inflammation-induced encephalopathy of prematurity driven by systemic administration of pro-inflammatory IL-1β, we sought to uncover causes of cerebellar damage. In this model, IL-1β is administered between postnatal day (P) 1 to day 5, a timing equivalent to the last trimester for brain development in humans. Structural MRI analysis revealed that systemic IL-1β treatment induced specific reductions in gray and white matter volumes of the mouse cerebellar lobules I and II (5% false discovery rate [FDR]) from P15 onwards. Preceding these MRI-detectable cerebellar volume changes, we observed damage to oligodendroglia, with reduced proliferation of OLIG2+ cells at P10 and reduced levels of the myelin proteins myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) at P10 and P15. Increased density of IBA1+ cerebellar microglia were observed both at P5 and P45, with evidence for increased microglial proliferation at P5 and P10. Comparison of the transcriptome of microglia isolated from P5 cerebellums and cerebrums revealed significant enrichment of pro-inflammatory markers in microglia from both regions, but cerebellar microglia displayed a unique type I interferon signaling dysregulation. Collectively, these data suggest that perinatal inflammation driven by systemic IL-1β leads to specific cerebellar volume deficits, which likely reflect oligodendrocyte pathology downstream of microglial activation. Further studies are now required to confirm the potential of protective strategies aimed at preventing sustained type I interferon signaling driven by cerebellar microglia as an important therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Klein
- Department of NeonatologyCharité University Medicine BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Bobbi Fleiss
- NeuroDiderot, InsermUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Till Scheuer
- Department of NeonatologyCharité University Medicine BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Christoph Bührer
- Department of NeonatologyCharité University Medicine BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Sophie Lemoine
- Genomics Core Facility, Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), CNRS, INSERMUniversité PSLParisFrance
| | - Corinne Blugeon
- Genomics Core Facility, Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), CNRS, INSERMUniversité PSLParisFrance
| | | | - Zsolt Csaba
- NeuroDiderot, InsermUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | | | - Dulcie A. Vousden
- Mouse Imaging CentreThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Mouse Imaging CentreThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative NeuroimagingUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Anthony C. Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Thomas Schmitz
- Department of NeonatologyCharité University Medicine BerlinBerlinGermany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Morani F, Doccini S, Galatolo D, Pezzini F, Soliymani R, Simonati A, Lalowski MM, Gemignani F, Santorelli FM. Integrative Organelle-Based Functional Proteomics: In Silico Prediction of Impaired Functional Annotations in SACS KO Cell Model. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081024. [PMID: 35892334 PMCID: PMC9331974 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by early-onset spasticity in the lower limbs, axonal-demyelinating sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, and cerebellar ataxia. Our understanding of ARSACS (genetic basis, protein function, and disease mechanisms) remains partial. The integrative use of organelle-based quantitative proteomics and whole-genome analysis proposed in the present study allowed identifying the affected disease-specific pathways, upstream regulators, and biological functions related to ARSACS, which exemplify a rationale for the development of improved early diagnostic strategies and alternative treatment options in this rare condition that currently lacks a cure. Our integrated results strengthen the evidence for disease-specific defects related to bioenergetics and protein quality control systems and reinforce the role of dysregulated cytoskeletal organization in the pathogenesis of ARSACS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Morani
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Stefano Doccini
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit—IRCCS Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniele Galatolo
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit—IRCCS Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Francesco Pezzini
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (F.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Rabah Soliymani
- HiLIFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (R.S.); (M.M.L.)
| | - Alessandro Simonati
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (F.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Maciej M. Lalowski
- HiLIFE, Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (R.S.); (M.M.L.)
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, PAS, Department of Biomedical Proteomics, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Federica Gemignani
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Filippo M. Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit—IRCCS Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-886311
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Distinct effects of interleukin-6 and interferon-γ on differentiating human cortical neurons. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 103:97-108. [PMID: 35429607 PMCID: PMC9278892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational evidence suggests that cytokines involved in maternal immune activation (MIA), such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), can cross the placenta, injure fetal brain, and predispose to neuropsychiatric disorders. To elaborate developmental neuronal sequelae of MIA, we differentiated human pluripotent stem cells to cortical neurons over a two-month period, exposing them to IL-6 or IFN-γ. IL-6 impacted expression of genes regulating extracellular matrix, actin cytoskeleton and TGF-β signaling while IFN-γ impacted genes regulating antigen processing, major histocompatibility complex and endoplasmic reticulum biology. IL-6, but not IFN-γ, altered mitochondrial respiration while IFN-γ, but not IL-6, induced reduction in dendritic spine density. Pre-treatment with folic acid, which has known neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, ameliorated IL-6 effects on mitochondrial respiration and IFN-γ effects on dendritic spine density. These findings suggest distinct mechanisms for how fetal IL-6 and IFN-γ exposure influence risk for neuropsychiatric disorders, and how folic acid can mitigate such risk.
Collapse
|
46
|
Derkus B, Isik M, Eylem CC, Ergin I, Camci CB, Bilgin S, Elbuken C, Arslan YE, Akkulak M, Adali O, Kiran F, Okesola BO, Nemutlu E, Emregul E. Xenogenic Neural Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Nanovesicles Modulate Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate and Reconstruct Metabolomic Structure. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101317. [PMID: 35347890 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular nanovesicles, particularly exosomes, can deliver their diverse bioactive biomolecular content, including miRNAs, proteins, and lipids, thus providing a context for investigating the capability of exosomes to induce stem cells toward lineage-specific cells and tissue regeneration. In this study, it is demonstrated that rat subventricular zone neural stem cell-derived exosomes (rSVZ-NSCExo) can control neural-lineage specification of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Microarray analysis shows that the miRNA content of rSVZ-NSCExo is a faithful representation of rSVZ tissue. Through immunocytochemistry, gene expression, and multi-omics analyses, the capability to use rSVZ-NSCExo to induce hMSCs into a neuroglial or neural stem cell phenotype and genotype in a temporal and dose-dependent manner via multiple signaling pathways is demonstrated. The current study presents a new and innovative strategy to modulate hMSCs fate by harnessing the molecular content of exosomes, thus suggesting future opportunities for rSVZ-NSCExo in nerve tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burak Derkus
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of ChemistryFaculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey.,Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Advanced Materials (INTRAM) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Melis Isik
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Advanced Materials (INTRAM) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Cemil Can Eylem
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06530, Turkey
| | - Irem Ergin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Turkey
| | - Can Berk Camci
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Advanced Materials (INTRAM) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Sila Bilgin
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Advanced Materials (INTRAM) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Caglar Elbuken
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Yavuz Emre Arslan
- Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, 17100, Turkey
| | - Merve Akkulak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Orhan Adali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Fadime Kiran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Babatunde O Okesola
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06530, Turkey.,Bioanalytic and Omics Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06530, Turkey
| | - Emel Emregul
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Advanced Materials (INTRAM) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cattane N, Vernon AC, Borsini A, Scassellati C, Endres D, Capuron L, Tamouza R, Benros ME, Leza JC, Pariante CM, Riva MA, Cattaneo A. Preclinical animal models of mental illnesses to translate findings from the bench to the bedside: Molecular brain mechanisms and peripheral biomarkers associated to early life stress or immune challenges. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 58:55-79. [PMID: 35235897 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Animal models are useful preclinical tools for studying the pathogenesis of mental disorders and the effectiveness of their treatment. While it is not possible to mimic all symptoms occurring in humans, it is however possible to investigate the behavioral, physiological and neuroanatomical alterations relevant for these complex disorders in controlled conditions and in genetically homogeneous populations. Stressful and infection-related exposures represent the most employed environmental risk factors able to trigger or to unmask a psychopathological phenotype in animals. Indeed, when occurring during sensitive periods of brain maturation, including pre, postnatal life and adolescence, they can affect the offspring's neurodevelopmental trajectories, increasing the risk for mental disorders. Not all stressed or immune challenged animals, however, develop behavioral alterations and preclinical animal models can explain differences between vulnerable or resilient phenotypes. Our review focuses on different paradigms of stress (prenatal stress, maternal separation, social isolation and social defeat stress) and immune challenges (immune activation in pregnancy) and investigates the subsequent alterations in several biological and behavioral domains at different time points of animals' life. It also discusses the "double-hit" hypothesis where an initial early adverse event can prime the response to a second negative challenge. Interestingly, stress and infections early in life induce the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, alter the levels of neurotransmitters, neurotrophins and pro-inflammatory cytokines and affect the functions of microglia and oxidative stress. In conclusion, animal models allow shedding light on the pathophysiology of human mental illnesses and discovering novel molecular drug targets for personalized treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cattane
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Catia Scassellati
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Dominique Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lucile Capuron
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ryad Tamouza
- Département Medico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU ADAPT), Laboratoire Neuro-psychiatrie translationnelle, AP-HP, UniversitéParis Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Michael Eriksen Benros
- Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Juan C Leza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), IUIN-UCM. Spain
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco A Riva
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Immunity could be viewed as the common factor in neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. The immune and nervous systems coevolve as the embryo develops. Immunity can release cytokines that activate MAPK signaling in neural cells. In specific embryonic brain cell types, dysregulated signaling that results from germline or embryonic mutations can promote changes in chromatin organization and gene accessibility, and thus expression levels of essential genes in neurodevelopment. In cancer, dysregulated signaling can emerge from sporadic somatic mutations during human life. Neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer share similarities. In neurodevelopmental disorders, immunity, and cancer, there appears an almost invariable involvement of small GTPases (e.g., Ras, RhoA, and Rac) and their pathways. TLRs, IL-1, GIT1, and FGFR signaling pathways, all can be dysregulated in neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. Although there are signaling similarities, decisive differentiating factors are timing windows, and cell type specific perturbation levels, pointing to chromatin reorganization. Finally, we discuss drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Corresponding author
| | - Chung-Jung Tsai
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Massrali A, Adhya D, Srivastava DP, Baron-Cohen S, Kotter MR. Virus-Induced Maternal Immune Activation as an Environmental Factor in the Etiology of Autism and Schizophrenia. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:834058. [PMID: 35495047 PMCID: PMC9039720 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.834058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) is mediated by activation of inflammatory pathways resulting in increased levels of cytokines and chemokines that cross the placental and blood-brain barriers altering fetal neural development. Maternal viral infection is one of the most well-known causes for immune activation in pregnant women. MIA and immune abnormalities are key players in the etiology of developmental conditions such as autism, schizophrenia, ADHD, and depression. Experimental evidence implicating MIA in with different effects in the offspring is complex. For decades, scientists have relied on either MIA models or human epidemiological data or a combination of both. MIA models are generated using infection/pathogenic agents to induce an immunological reaction in rodents and monitor the effects. Human epidemiological studies investigate a link between maternal infection and/or high levels of cytokines in pregnant mothers and the likelihood of developing conditions. In this review, we discuss the importance of understanding the relationship between virus-mediated MIA and neurodevelopmental conditions, focusing on autism and schizophrenia. We further discuss the different methods of studying MIA and their limitations and focus on the different factors contributing to MIA heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aïcha Massrali
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dwaipayan Adhya
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak P. Srivastava
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Kotter
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nussinov R, Tsai CJ, Jang H. Allostery, and how to define and measure signal transduction. Biophys Chem 2022; 283:106766. [PMID: 35121384 PMCID: PMC8898294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here we ask: What is productive signaling? How to define it, how to measure it, and most of all, what are the parameters that determine it? Further, what determines the strength of signaling from an upstream to a downstream node in a specific cell? These questions have either not been considered or not entirely resolved. The requirements for the signal to propagate downstream to activate (repress) transcription have not been considered either. Yet, the questions are pivotal to clarify, especially in diseases such as cancer where determination of signal propagation can point to cell proliferation and to emerging drug resistance, and to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as RASopathy, autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and cerebral palsy. Here we propose a framework for signal transduction from an upstream to a downstream node addressing these questions. Defining cellular processes, experimentally measuring them, and devising powerful computational AI-powered algorithms that exploit the measurements, are essential for quantitative science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Chung-Jung Tsai
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| |
Collapse
|