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Li T, Deng S, Liu H, Chen J. Insights into Strain Engineering: From Ferroelectrics to Related Functional Materials and Beyond. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7045-7105. [PMID: 38754042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Ferroelectrics have become indispensable components in various application fields, including information processing, energy harvesting, and electromechanical conversion, owing to their unique ability to exhibit electrically or mechanically switchable polarization. The distinct polar noncentrosymmetric lattices of ferroelectrics make them highly responsive to specific crystal structures. Even slight changes in the lattice can alter the polarization configuration and response to external fields. In this regard, strain engineering has emerged as a prevalent regulation approach that not only offers a versatile platform for structural and performance optimization within ferroelectrics but also unlocks boundless potential in various functional materials. In this review, we systematically summarize the breakthroughs in ferroelectric-based functional materials achieved through strain engineering and progress in method development. We cover research activities ranging from fundamental attributes to wide-ranging applications and novel functionalities ranging from electromechanical transformation in sensors and actuators to tunable dielectric materials and information technologies, such as transistors and nonvolatile memories. Building upon these achievements, we also explore the endeavors to uncover the unprecedented properties through strain engineering in related chemical functionalities, such as ferromagnetism, multiferroicity, and photoelectricity. Finally, through discussions on the prospects and challenges associated with strain engineering in the materials, this review aims to stimulate the development of new methods for strain regulation and performance boosting in functional materials, transcending the boundaries of ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shiqing Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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2
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Wang H, Harbola V, Wu YJ, van Aken PA, Mannhart J. Interface Design beyond Epitaxy: Oxide Heterostructures Comprising Symmetry-Forbidden Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405065. [PMID: 38838331 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Epitaxial growth of thin-film heterostructures is generally considered the most successful procedure to obtain interfaces of excellent structural and electronic quality between 3D materials. However, these interfaces can only join material systems with crystal lattices of matching symmetries and lattice constants. This article presents a novel category of interfaces, the fabrication of which is membrane-based and does not require epitaxial growth. These interfaces therefore overcome the limitations imposed by epitaxy. Leveraging the additional degrees of freedom gained, atomically clean interfaces are demonstrated between threefold symmetric sapphire and fourfold symmetric SrTiO3. Atomic-resolution imaging reveals structurally well-defined interfaces with a novel moiré-type reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Varun Harbola
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yu-Jung Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter A van Aken
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Mannhart
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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3
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Xu R, Crassee I, Bechtel HA, Zhou Y, Bercher A, Korosec L, Rischau CW, Teyssier J, Crust KJ, Lee Y, Gilbert Corder SN, Li J, Dionne JA, Hwang HY, Kuzmenko AB, Liu Y. Highly confined epsilon-near-zero and surface phonon polaritons in SrTiO 3 membranes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4743. [PMID: 38834672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47917-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent theoretical studies have suggested that transition metal perovskite oxide membranes can enable surface phonon polaritons in the infrared range with low loss and much stronger subwavelength confinement than bulk crystals. Such modes, however, have not been experimentally observed so far. Here, using a combination of far-field Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and near-field synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy (SINS) imaging, we study the phonon polaritons in a 100 nm thick freestanding crystalline membrane of SrTiO3 transferred on metallic and dielectric substrates. We observe a symmetric-antisymmetric mode splitting giving rise to epsilon-near-zero and Berreman modes as well as highly confined (by a factor of 10) propagating phonon polaritons, both of which result from the deep-subwavelength thickness of the membranes. Theoretical modeling based on the analytical finite-dipole model and numerical finite-difference methods fully corroborate the experimental results. Our work reveals the potential of oxide membranes as a promising platform for infrared photonics and polaritonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Iris Crassee
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hans A Bechtel
- Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yixi Zhou
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Adrien Bercher
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Korosec
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carl Willem Rischau
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Teyssier
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin J Crust
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Yonghun Lee
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Jiarui Li
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer A Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Harold Y Hwang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alexey B Kuzmenko
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
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4
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Guo Y, Peng B, Lu G, Dong G, Yang G, Chen B, Qiu R, Liu H, Zhang B, Yao Y, Zhao Y, Li S, Ding X, Sun J, Liu M. Remarkable flexibility in freestanding single-crystalline antiferroelectric PbZrO 3 membranes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4414. [PMID: 38782889 PMCID: PMC11116490 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The ultrahigh flexibility and elasticity achieved in freestanding single-crystalline ferroelectric oxide membranes have attracted much attention recently. However, for antiferroelectric oxides, the flexibility limit and fundamental mechanism in their freestanding membranes are still not explored clearly. Here, we successfully fabricate freestanding single-crystalline PbZrO3 membranes by a water-soluble sacrificial layer technique. They exhibit good antiferroelectricity and have a commensurate/incommensurate modulated microstructure. Moreover, they also have good shape recoverability when bending with a small radius of curvature (about 2.4 μm for the thickness of 120 nm), corresponding to a bending strain of 2.5%. They could tolerate a maximum bending strain as large as 3.5%, far beyond their bulk counterpart. Our atomistic simulations reveal that this remarkable flexibility originates from the antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition with the aid of polarization rotation. This study not only suggests the mechanism of antiferroelectric oxides to achieve high flexibility but also paves the way for potential applications in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bin Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Guangming Lu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Guohua Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Guannan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bohan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ruibin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Butong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yufei Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Suzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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5
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Yang H, Li S, Wu Y, Bao X, Xiang Z, Xie Y, Pan L, Chen J, Liu Y, Li RW. Advances in Flexible Magnetosensitive Materials and Devices for Wearable Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311996. [PMID: 38776537 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Emerging fields, such as wearable electronics, digital healthcare, the Internet of Things, and humanoid robots, highlight the need for flexible devices capable of recording signals on curved surfaces and soft objects. In particular, flexible magnetosensitive devices garner significant attention owing to their ability to combine the advantages of flexible electronics and magnetoelectronic devices, such as reshaping capability, conformability, contactless sensing, and navigation capability. Several key challenges must be addressed to develop well-functional flexible magnetic devices. These include determining how to make magnetic materials flexible and even elastic, understanding how the physical properties of magnetic films change under external strain and stress, and designing and constructing flexible magnetosensitive devices. In recent years, significant progress is made in addressing these challenges. This study aims to provide a timely and comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in flexible magnetosensitive devices. This includes discussions on the fabrications and mechanical regulations of flexible magnetic materials, the principles and performances of flexible magnetic sensors, and their applications for wearable electronics. In addition, future development trends and challenges in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Shengbin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xilai Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ziyin Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yali Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Lili Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinxia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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6
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Zhang H, Sanchez JJ, Chu JH, Liu J. Perspective: probing elasto-quantum materials with x-ray techniques and in situanisotropic strain. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:333002. [PMID: 38722324 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad493e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Anisotropic lattice deformation plays an important role in the quantum mechanics of solid state physics. The possibility of mediating the competition and cooperation among different order parameters by applyingin situstrain/stress on quantum materials has led to discoveries of a variety of elasto-quantum effects on emergent phenomena. It has become increasingly critical to have the capability of combining thein situstrain tuning with x-ray techniques, especially those based on synchrotrons, to probe the microscopic elasto-responses of the lattice, spin, charge, and orbital degrees of freedom. Herein, we briefly review the recent studies that embarked on utilizing elasto-x-ray characterizations on representative material systems and demonstrated the emerging opportunities enabled by this method. With that, we further discuss the promising prospect in this rising area of quantum materials research and the bright future of elasto-x-ray techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, People's Republic of China
| | - Joshua J Sanchez
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Jiun-Haw Chu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States of America
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7
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Zhang S, Deliyore-Ramírez J, Deng S, Nair B, Pesquera D, Jing Q, Vickers ME, Crossley S, Ghidini M, Guzmán-Verri GG, Moya X, Mathur ND. Highly reversible extrinsic electrocaloric effects over a wide temperature range in epitaxially strained SrTiO 3 films. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:639-647. [PMID: 38514844 PMCID: PMC11068575 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01831-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Electrocaloric effects have been experimentally studied in ferroelectrics and incipient ferroelectrics, but not incipient ferroelectrics driven ferroelectric using strain. Here we use optimally oriented interdigitated surface electrodes to investigate extrinsic electrocaloric effects in low-loss epitaxial SrTiO3 films near the broad second-order 243 K ferroelectric phase transition created by biaxial in-plane coherent tensile strain from DyScO3 substrates. Our extrinsic electrocaloric effects are an order of magnitude larger than the corresponding effects in bulk SrTiO3 over a wide range of temperatures including room temperature, and unlike electrocaloric effects associated with first-order transitions they are highly reversible in unipolar applied fields. Additionally, the canonical Landau description for strained SrTiO3 films works well if we set the low-temperature zero-field polarization along one of the in-plane pseudocubic <100> directions. In future, similar strain engineering could be exploited for other films, multilayers and bulk samples to increase the range of electrocaloric materials for energy efficient cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China.
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - J Deliyore-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales (CICIMA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Física, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - S Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - B Nair
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Pesquera
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Q Jing
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M E Vickers
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Crossley
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Ghidini
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- DiFeST, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Diamond Light Source, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - G G Guzmán-Verri
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales (CICIMA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
- Escuela de Física, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
| | - X Moya
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - N D Mathur
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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8
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Jani H, Harrison J, Hooda S, Prakash S, Nandi P, Hu J, Zeng Z, Lin JC, Godfrey C, Omar GJ, Butcher TA, Raabe J, Finizio S, Thean AVY, Ariando A, Radaelli PG. Spatially reconfigurable antiferromagnetic states in topologically rich free-standing nanomembranes. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:619-626. [PMID: 38374414 PMCID: PMC11068574 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Antiferromagnets hosting real-space topological textures are promising platforms to model fundamental ultrafast phenomena and explore spintronics. However, they have only been epitaxially fabricated on specific symmetry-matched substrates, thereby preserving their intrinsic magneto-crystalline order. This curtails their integration with dissimilar supports, restricting the scope of fundamental and applied investigations. Here we circumvent this limitation by designing detachable crystalline antiferromagnetic nanomembranes of α-Fe2O3. First, we show-via transmission-based antiferromagnetic vector mapping-that flat nanomembranes host a spin-reorientation transition and rich topological phenomenology. Second, we exploit their extreme flexibility to demonstrate the reconfiguration of antiferromagnetic states across three-dimensional membrane folds resulting from flexure-induced strains. Finally, we combine these developments using a controlled manipulator to realize the strain-driven non-thermal generation of topological textures at room temperature. The integration of such free-standing antiferromagnetic layers with flat/curved nanostructures could enable spin texture designs via magnetoelastic/geometric effects in the quasi-static and dynamical regimes, opening new explorations into curvilinear antiferromagnetism and unconventional computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariom Jani
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jack Harrison
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sonu Hooda
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saurav Prakash
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Proloy Nandi
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junxiong Hu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Zhiyang Zeng
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jheng-Cyuan Lin
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles Godfrey
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ganesh Ji Omar
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tim A Butcher
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Raabe
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Simone Finizio
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Aaron Voon-Yew Thean
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Ariando
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Paolo G Radaelli
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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9
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Nian L, Sun H, Wang Z, Xu D, Hao B, Yan S, Li Y, Zhou J, Deng Y, Hao Y, Nie Y. Sr 4Al 2O 7: A New Sacrificial Layer with High Water Dissolution Rate for the Synthesis of Freestanding Oxide Membranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307682. [PMID: 38238890 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Freestanding perovskite oxide membranes have drawn great attention recently since they offer exceptional structural tunability and stacking ability, providing new opportunities in fundamental research and potential device applications in silicon-based semiconductor technology. Among different types of sacrificial layers, the (Ca, Sr, Ba)3Al2O6 compounds are most widely used since they can be dissolved in water and prepare high-quality perovskite oxide membranes with clean and sharp surfaces and interfaces; However, the typical transfer process takes a long time (up to hours) in obtaining millimeter-size freestanding membranes, let alone realize wafer-scale samples with high yield. Here, a new member of the SrO-Al2O3 family, Sr4Al2O7 is introduced, and its high dissolution rate, ≈10 times higher than that of Sr3Al2O6 is demonstrated. The high-dissolution-rate of Sr4Al2O7 is most likely related to the more discrete Al-O networks and higher concentration of water-soluble Sr-O species in this compound. This work significantly facilitates the preparation of freestanding membranes and sheds light on the integration of multifunctional perovskite oxides in practical electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyan Nian
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou, 215125, P. R. China
| | - Haoying Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Duo Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bo Hao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shengjun Yan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yueying Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yu Deng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Hao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuefeng Nie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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10
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Yun S, le Cozannet TE, Christoffersen CH, Brand E, Jespersen TS, Pryds N. Strain Engineering: Perfecting Freestanding Perovskite Oxide Fabrication. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310782. [PMID: 38431927 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Freestanding oxide membranes provide a promising path for integrating devices on silicon and flexible platforms. To ensure optimal device performance, these membranes must be of high crystal quality, stoichiometric, and their morphology free from cracks and wrinkles. Often, layers transferred on substrates show wrinkles and cracks due to a lattice relaxation from an epitaxial mismatch. Doping the sacrificial layer of Sr3 Al2 O6 (SAO) with Ca or Ba offers a promising solution to overcome these challenges, yet its effects remain critically underexplored. A systematic study of doping Ca into SAO is presented, optimizing the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) conditions, and adjusting the supporting polymer type and thickness, demonstrating that strain engineering can effectively eliminate these imperfections. Using SrTiO3 as a case study, it is found that Ca1.5 Sr1.5 Al2 O6 offers a near-perfect match and a defect-free freestanding membrane. This approach, using the water-soluble Bax /Cax Sr3-x Al2 O6 family, paves the way for producing high-quality, large freestanding membranes for functional oxide devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinhee Yun
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Thomas Emil le Cozannet
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | | | - Eric Brand
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Thomas Sand Jespersen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Nini Pryds
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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11
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Choi MJ, Lee JW, Jang HW. Strain Engineering in Perovskites: Mutual Insight on Oxides and Halides. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308827. [PMID: 37996977 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite materials have garnered significant attention over the past decades due to their applications, not only in electronic materials, such as dielectrics, piezoelectrics, ferroelectrics, and superconductors but also in optoelectronic devices like solar cells and light emitting diodes. This interest arises from their versatile combinations and physiochemical tunability. While strain engineering is a recognized powerful tool for tailoring material properties, its collaborative impact on both oxides and halides remains understudied. Herein, strain engineering in perovskites for energy conversion devices, providing mutual insight into both oxides and halides is discussed. The various experimental methods are presented for applying strain by using thermal mismatch, lattice mismatch, defects, doping, light illumination, and flexible substrates. In addition, the main factors that are influenced by strain, categorized as structure (e.g., symmetry breaking, octahedral distortion), bandgap, chemical reactivity, and defect formation energy are described. After that, recent progress in strain engineering for perovskite oxides and halides for energy conversion devices is introduced. Promising methods for enhancing the performance of energy conversion devices using perovskites through strain engineering are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ju Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
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12
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Varshney S, Choo S, Thompson L, Yang Z, Shah J, Wen J, Koester SJ, Mkhoyan KA, McLeod AS, Jalan B. Hybrid Molecular Beam Epitaxy for Single-Crystalline Oxide Membranes with Binary Oxide Sacrificial Layers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6348-6358. [PMID: 38314696 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The advancement in thin-film exfoliation for synthesizing oxide membranes has led to possibilities for creating artificially assembled heterostructures with structurally and chemically incompatible materials. The sacrificial layer method is a promising approach to exfoliate as-grown films from a compatible material system, allowing for their integration with dissimilar materials. Nonetheless, the conventional sacrificial layers often possess an intricate stoichiometry, thereby constraining their practicality and adaptability, particularly when considering techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). This is where easy-to-grow binary alkaline-earth-metal oxides with a rock salt crystal structure are useful. These oxides, which include (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba)O, can be used as a sacrificial layer covering a much broader range of lattice parameters compared to conventional sacrificial layers and are easily dissolvable in deionized water. In this study, we show the epitaxial growth of the single-crystalline perovskite SrTiO3 (STO) on sacrificial layers consisting of crystalline SrO, BaO, and Ba1-xCaxO films, employing a hybrid MBE method. Our results highlight the rapid (≤5 min) dissolution of the sacrificial layer when immersed in deionized water, facilitating the fabrication of millimeter-sized STO membranes. Using high-resolution X-ray diffraction, atomic-force microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, impedance spectroscopy, and scattering-type near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), we demonstrate single-crystalline STO membranes with bulk-like intrinsic dielectric properties. The employment of alkaline earth metal oxides as sacrificial layers is likely to simplify membrane synthesis, particularly with MBE, thus expanding the research and application possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivasheesh Varshney
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sooho Choo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Liam Thompson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zhifei Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota 55455, United States
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jay Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jiaxuan Wen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Steven J Koester
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - K Andre Mkhoyan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Alexander S McLeod
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bharat Jalan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota 55455, United States
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13
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Sánchez-Santolino G, Rouco V, Puebla S, Aramberri H, Zamora V, Cabero M, Cuellar FA, Munuera C, Mompean F, Garcia-Hernandez M, Castellanos-Gomez A, Íñiguez J, Leon C, Santamaria J. A 2D ferroelectric vortex pattern in twisted BaTiO 3 freestanding layers. Nature 2024; 626:529-534. [PMID: 38356067 PMCID: PMC10866709 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06978-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The wealth of complex polar topologies1-10 recently found in nanoscale ferroelectrics results from a delicate balance between the intrinsic tendency of the materials to develop a homogeneous polarization and the electric and mechanical boundary conditions imposed on them. Ferroelectric-dielectric interfaces are model systems in which polarization curling originates from open circuit-like electric boundary conditions, to avoid the build-up of polarization charges through the formation of flux-closure11-14 domains that evolve into vortex-like structures at the nanoscale15-17 level. Although ferroelectricity is known to couple strongly with strain (both homogeneous18 and inhomogeneous19,20), the effect of mechanical constraints21 on thin-film nanoscale ferroelectrics has been comparatively less explored because of the relative paucity of strain patterns that can be implemented experimentally. Here we show that the stacking of freestanding ferroelectric perovskite layers with controlled twist angles provides an opportunity to tailor these topological nanostructures in a way determined by the lateral strain modulation associated with the twisting. Furthermore, we find that a peculiar pattern of polarization vortices and antivortices emerges from the flexoelectric coupling of polarization to strain gradients. This finding provides opportunities to create two-dimensional high-density vortex crystals that would enable us to explore previously unknown physical effects and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sánchez-Santolino
- GFMC, Departamento Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Fisica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
- Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en spintrónica, Unidad Asociada UCM/CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - V Rouco
- GFMC, Departamento Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Fisica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Puebla
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid ICMM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - H Aramberri
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - V Zamora
- GFMC, Departamento Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Fisica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Cabero
- ICTS Centro Nacional de Microscopia Electrónica 'Luis Brú', Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - F A Cuellar
- GFMC, Departamento Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Fisica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Munuera
- Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en spintrónica, Unidad Asociada UCM/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid ICMM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Mompean
- Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en spintrónica, Unidad Asociada UCM/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid ICMM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Garcia-Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en spintrónica, Unidad Asociada UCM/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid ICMM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Castellanos-Gomez
- Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en spintrónica, Unidad Asociada UCM/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid ICMM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Íñiguez
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - C Leon
- GFMC, Departamento Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Fisica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en spintrónica, Unidad Asociada UCM/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Santamaria
- GFMC, Departamento Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Fisica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
- Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con aplicación en spintrónica, Unidad Asociada UCM/CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Zhang J, Lin T, Wang A, Wang X, He Q, Ye H, Lu J, Wang Q, Liang Z, Jin F, Chen S, Fan M, Guo EJ, Zhang Q, Gu L, Luo Z, Si L, Wu W, Wang L. Super-tetragonal Sr 4Al 2O 7 as a sacrificial layer for high-integrity freestanding oxide membranes. Science 2024; 383:388-394. [PMID: 38271502 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi6620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Identifying a suitable water-soluble sacrificial layer is crucial to fabricating large-scale freestanding oxide membranes, which offer attractive functionalities and integrations with advanced semiconductor technologies. Here, we introduce a water-soluble sacrificial layer, "super-tetragonal" Sr4Al2O7 (SAOT). The low-symmetric crystal structure enables a superior capability to sustain epitaxial strain, allowing for broad tunability in lattice constants. The resultant structural coherency and defect-free interface in perovskite ABO3/SAOT heterostructures effectively restrain crack formation during the water release of freestanding oxide membranes. For a variety of nonferroelectric oxide membranes, the crack-free areas can span up to a millimeter in scale. This compelling feature, combined with the inherent high water solubility, makes SAOT a versatile and feasible sacrificial layer for producing high-quality freestanding oxide membranes, thereby boosting their potential for innovative device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaochao Wang
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Qingyu He
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huan Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jingdi Lu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhengguo Liang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shengru Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Minghui Fan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Er-Jia Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenlin Luo
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liang Si
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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15
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Su Y, Zong A, Kogar A, Lu D, Hong SS, Freelon B, Rohwer T, Wang BY, Hwang HY, Gedik N. Delamination-Assisted Ultrafast Wrinkle Formation in a Freestanding Film. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37988604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Freestanding films provide a versatile platform for materials engineering thanks to additional structural motifs not found in films with a substrate. A ubiquitous example is wrinkles, yet little is known about how they can develop over as fast as a few picoseconds due to a lack of experimental probes to visualize their dynamics in real time on the nanoscopic scale. Here, we use time-resolved electron diffraction to directly observe light-activated wrinkling formation in freestanding La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 films. Via a "lock-in" analysis of oscillations in the diffraction peak position, intensity, and width, we quantitatively reconstructed how wrinkles develop on the time scale of lattice vibration. Contrary to the common assumption of fixed boundary conditions, we found that wrinkle development is associated with ultrafast delamination at the film boundaries. Our work provides a generic protocol to quantify wrinkling dynamics in freestanding films and highlights the importance of the film-substrate interaction in determining the properties of freestanding structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Su
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alfred Zong
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- University of California at Berkeley, Department of Chemistry, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anshul Kogar
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Seung Sae Hong
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Byron Freelon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timm Rohwer
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bai Yang Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Harold Y Hwang
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SIMES, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Nuh Gedik
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Salles P, Machado P, Yu P, Coll M. Chemical synthesis of complex oxide thin films and freestanding membranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13820-13830. [PMID: 37921594 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03030j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxides offer unique physical and chemical properties that inspire rapid advances in materials chemistry to design and nanoengineer materials compositions and implement them in devices for a myriad of applications. Chemical deposition methods are gaining attention as a versatile approach to develop complex oxide thin films and nanostructures by properly selecting compatible chemical precursors and designing an accurate cost-effective thermal treatment. Here, upon describing the basics of chemical solution deposition (CSD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD), some examples of the growth of chemically-deposited functional complex oxide films that can have applications in energy and electronics are discussed. To go one step further, the suitability of these techniques is presented to prepare freestanding complex oxides which can notably broaden their applications. Finally, perspectives on the use of chemical methods to prepare future materials are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Salles
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Pamela Machado
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Pengmei Yu
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Mariona Coll
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
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17
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Ling Y, Yu X, Yuan S, He A, Han Z, Du J, Fan Q, Yan S, Xu Q. Flexomagnetic Effect Enhanced Ferromagnetism and Magnetoelectrochemistry in Freestanding High-Entropy Alloy Films. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17299-17307. [PMID: 37643207 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Freestanding thin films of functional materials enable the tuning of properties via strain and strain gradients, broadening their applications. Here, a systematic approach is proposed to fabricate freestanding CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) thin films by pulsed laser deposition using expansion-contraction of NaCl substrates and weak van der Waals interaction of the interface, which form wrinkles with inhomogeneous strain gradients when transferred to a viscous handle. We demonstrate that the nonuniform gradients of external strain (flexomagnetic effect) can induce the partial structural phase transition from FCC to BCC in the wrinkled HEA film, resulting in a 10-fold increase in its room-temperature saturation magnetization compared with the unstrained flat HEA film. Furthermore, after applying an external magnetic field, due to the different electron transfer behavior caused by the electron scattering in wrinkled and flat HEA films, their electrocatalytic magnetic responses showed a diametrically opposite picture. Our work provides a promising strategy for tuning physical and chemical properties via complex strained geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechao Ling
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shijun Yuan
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Anpeng He
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhida Han
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qi Fan
- School of Materials Science and Enigneering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shicheng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qingyu Xu
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
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18
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Tian H, Cui S, Fu L, Zhang H, Li C, Cui Y, Mao A. Strain-Induced Structural Phase Transitions in Epitaxial (001) BiCoO 3 Films: A First-Principles Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2342. [PMID: 37630927 PMCID: PMC10459104 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We have simulated BiCoO3 films epitaxially grown along (001) direction with density functional theory computations. Leading candidates for the lowest-energy phases have been identified. The tensile strains induce magnetic phase transition in the ground state (P4mm symmetry) from a C-type antiferromagnetic order to a G-type order for the in-plane lattice parameter above 3.922 Å. The G-type antiferromagnetic order will be maintained with larger tensile strains; however, a continuous structural phase transition will occur, combining the ferroelectric and antiferrodistortive modes. In particular, the larger tensile strain allows an isostructural transition, the so-called Cowley's ''Type Zero'' phase transitions, from Cc-(I) to Cc-(II), with a slight volume collapse. The orientation of ferroelectric polarization changes from the out-of-plane direction in the P4mm to the in-plane direction in the Pmc21 state under epitaxial tensile strain; meanwhile, the magnetic ordering temperature TN can be strikingly affected by the variation of misfit strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (H.T.); (L.F.); (H.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Shuqi Cui
- School of General Education, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China;
| | - Long Fu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (H.T.); (L.F.); (H.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (H.T.); (L.F.); (H.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Chenggang Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (H.T.); (L.F.); (H.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Yingqi Cui
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (H.T.); (L.F.); (H.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Aijie Mao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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19
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Yang AJ, Wu L, Liu Y, Zhang X, Han K, Huang Y, Li S, Loh XJ, Zhu Q, Su R, Nan CW, Renshaw Wang X. Multifunctional Magnetic Oxide-MoS 2 Heterostructures on Silicon. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302620. [PMID: 37227936 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Correlated oxides and related heterostructures are intriguing for developing future multifunctional devices by exploiting their exotic properties, but their integration with other materials, especially on Si-based platforms, is challenging. Here, van der Waals heterostructures of La0.7 Sr0.3 MnO3 (LSMO) , a correlated manganite perovskite, and MoS2 are demonstrated on Si substrates with multiple functions. To overcome the problems due to the incompatible growth process, technologies involving freestanding LSMO membranes and van der Waals force-mediated transfer are used to fabricate the LSMO-MoS2 heterostructures. The LSMO-MoS2 heterostructures exhibit a gate-tunable rectifying behavior, based on which metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs) with on-off ratios of over 104 can be achieved. The LSMO-MoS2 heterostructures can function as photodiodes displaying considerable open-circuit voltages and photocurrents. In addition, the colossal magnetoresistance of LSMO endows the LSMO-MoS2 heterostructures with an electrically tunable magnetoresponse at room temperature. This work not only proves the applicability of the LSMO-MoS2 heterostructure devices on Si-based platform but also demonstrates a paradigm to create multifunctional heterostructures from materials with disparate properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Jian Yang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Liang Wu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, China
| | - Yanran Liu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, China
| | - Kun Han
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Shengyao Li
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiao Renshaw Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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20
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Sheeraz M, Jung MH, Kim YK, Lee NJ, Jeong S, Choi JS, Jo YJ, Cho S, Kim IW, Kim YM, Kim S, Ahn CW, Yang SM, Jeong HY, Kim TH. Freestanding Oxide Membranes for Epitaxial Ferroelectric Heterojunctions. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37406362 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Since facile routes to fabricate freestanding oxide membranes were previously established, tremendous efforts have been made to further improve their crystallinity, and fascinating physical properties have been also reported in heterointegrated freestanding membranes. Here, we demonstrate our synthetic recipe to manufacture highly crystalline perovskite SrRuO3 freestanding membranes using new infinite-layer perovskite SrCuO2 sacrificial layers. To accomplish this, SrRuO3/SrCuO2 bilayer thin films are epitaxially grown on SrTiO3 (001) substrates, and the topmost SrRuO3 layer is chemically exfoliated by etching the SrCuO2 template layer. The as-exfoliated SrRuO3 membranes are mechanically transferred to various nonoxide substrates for the subsequent BaTiO3 film growth. Finally, freestanding heteroepitaxial junctions of ferroelectric BaTiO3 and metallic SrRuO3 are realized, exhibiting robust ferroelectricity. Intriguingly, the enhancement of piezoelectric responses is identified in freestanding BaTiO3/SrRuO3 heterojunctions with mixed ferroelectric domain states. Our approaches will offer more opportunities to develop heteroepitaxial freestanding oxide membranes with high crystallinity and enhanced functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sheeraz
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hyoung Jung
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Kim
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Nyun-Jong Lee
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeop Jeong
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin San Choi
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Jo
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Ill Won Kim
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Kim
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Ahn
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mo Yang
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Heon Kim
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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21
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Kang KT, Corey ZJ, Hwang J, Sharma Y, Paudel B, Roy P, Collins L, Wang X, Lee JW, Oh YS, Kim Y, Yoo J, Lee J, Htoon H, Jia Q, Chen A. Heterogeneous Integration of Freestanding Bilayer Oxide Membrane for Multiferroicity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207481. [PMID: 37012611 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal oxides exhibit a plethora of electrical and magnetic properties described by their order parameters. In particular, ferroic orderings offer access to a rich spectrum of fundamental physics phenomena, in addition to a range of technological applications. The heterogeneous integration of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic materials is a fruitful way to design multiferroic oxides. The realization of freestanding heterogeneous membranes of multiferroic oxides is highly desirable. In this study, epitaxial BaTiO3 /La0.7 Sr0.3 MnO3 freestanding bilayer membranes are fabricated using pulsed laser epitaxy. The membrane displays ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism above room temperature accompanying the finite magnetoelectric coupling constant. This study reveals that a freestanding heterostructure can be used to manipulate the structural and emergent properties of the membrane. In the absence of the strain caused by the substrate, the change in orbital occupancy of the magnetic layer leads to the reorientation of the magnetic easy-axis, that is, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. These results of designing multiferroic oxide membranes open new avenues to integrate such flexible membranes for electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Tae Kang
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Zachary J Corey
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University of Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Jaejin Hwang
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Binod Paudel
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Pinku Roy
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University of Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Liam Collins
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Xueijing Wang
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Joon Woo Lee
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Oh
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yeonhoo Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34133, South Korea
| | - Jinkyoung Yoo
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Han Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Quanxi Jia
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University of Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Aiping Chen
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
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22
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Han L, Yang X, Lun Y, Guan Y, Huang F, Wang S, Yang J, Gu C, Gu ZB, Liu L, Wang Y, Wang P, Hong J, Pan X, Nie Y. Tuning Piezoelectricity via Thermal Annealing at a Freestanding Ferroelectric Membrane. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2808-2815. [PMID: 36961344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the ferroelectric domain structure by a combination of elastic and electrostatic engineering provides an effective route for enhanced piezoelectricity. However, for epitaxial thin films, the clamping effect imposed by the substrate does not allow aftergrowth tuning and also limits the electromechanical response. In contrast, freestanding membranes, which are free of substrate constraints, enable the tuning of a subtle balance between elastic and electrostatic energies, giving new platforms for enhanced and tunable functionalities. Here, highly tunable piezoelectricity is demonstrated in freestanding PbTiO3 membranes, by varying the ferroelectric domain structures from c-dominated to c/a and a domains via aftergrowth thermal treatment. Significantly, the piezoelectric coefficient of the c/a domain structure is enhanced by a factor of 2.5 compared with typical c domain PbTiO3. This work presents a new strategy to manipulate the piezoelectricity in ferroelectric membranes, highlighting their great potential for nano actuators, transducers, sensors and other NEMS device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhuo Lun
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Guan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Futao Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangfeng Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyi Gu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Bin Gu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaojin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Jiawang Hong
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Irvine Materials Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Yuefeng Nie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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23
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Zhang P, He B, Guo J, Wang Q, Han Y, Shi C, Chen Y, Fang H, Wang J, Yan S, Lü W. Extreme Enhanced Curie Temperature and Perpendicular Exchange Bias in Freestanding Ferromagnetic Superlattices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:17309-17316. [PMID: 36949634 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Most recently, the freestanding of an epitaxial single-crystal oxide has been greatly developed to its fundamental concerns and the possibility of integration with metal, two-dimensional, and organic materials for more promising functionalities. In an artificial ferromagnetic oxide heterostructure and superlattice, the release of the substrate constraint can induce a reasonable transformation of the magnetic structure because the change of the lattice field occurs. In this study, we have comprehensively investigated the evolution of magnetic properties of (La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/SrRuO3)n [(LCMO/SRO)n] ferromagnetic superlattices while they are epitaxially on SrTiO3 and freestanding. It is found that the Curie temperature and the perpendicular exchange bias of the freestanding superlattices exhibit extreme sensitivity to the interface number and the thickness of LCMO and SRO, which can maximumly reach ∼293 K and ∼1150 Oe. These enhanced and bulk-beyond magnetic behaviors originate from the interfacial magnetic transition from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic via the charge reconstruction with the assistance of strain. Our study provides not only a reference for designing a high-performance flexible ferromagnetic architectural superlattice but also a deep understanding of the interfacial effect in freestanding ferromagnetic heterostructures benefiting flexible spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Spintronics Institute, School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin He
- Spintronics Institute, School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrui Guo
- Spintronics Institute, School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixiang Wang
- Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Han
- Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Shi
- Spintronics Institute, School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Spintronics Institute, School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Fang
- Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shishen Yan
- Spintronics Institute, School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Lü
- Spintronics Institute, School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, People's Republic of China
- Functional Materials and Acousto-Optic Instruments Institute, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, People's Republic of China
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24
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Xu R, Crust KJ, Harbola V, Arras R, Patel KY, Prosandeev S, Cao H, Shao YT, Behera P, Caretta L, Kim WJ, Khandelwal A, Acharya M, Wang MM, Liu Y, Barnard ES, Raja A, Martin LW, Gu XW, Zhou H, Ramesh R, Muller DA, Bellaiche L, Hwang HY. Size-Induced Ferroelectricity in Antiferroelectric Oxide Membranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210562. [PMID: 36739113 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive studies on size effects in ferroelectrics, how structures and properties evolve in antiferroelectrics with reduced dimensions still remains elusive. Given the enormous potential of utilizing antiferroelectrics for high-energy-density storage applications, understanding their size effects will provide key information for optimizing device performances at small scales. Here, the fundamental intrinsic size dependence of antiferroelectricity in lead-free NaNbO3 membranes is investigated. Via a wide range of experimental and theoretical approaches, an intriguing antiferroelectric-to-ferroelectric transition upon reducing membrane thickness is probed. This size effect leads to a ferroelectric single-phase below 40 nm, as well as a mixed-phase state with ferroelectric and antiferroelectric orders coexisting above this critical thickness. Furthermore, it is shown that the antiferroelectric and ferroelectric orders are electrically switchable. First-principle calculations further reveal that the observed transition is driven by the structural distortion arising from the membrane surface. This work provides direct experimental evidence for intrinsic size-driven scaling in antiferroelectrics and demonstrates enormous potential of utilizing size effects to drive emergent properties in environmentally benign lead-free oxides with the membrane platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Kevin J Crust
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Varun Harbola
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rémi Arras
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Kinnary Y Patel
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Sergey Prosandeev
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Hui Cao
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yu-Tsun Shao
- Department of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Piush Behera
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lucas Caretta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Aarushi Khandelwal
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Megha Acharya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Melody M Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Edward S Barnard
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Archana Raja
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - X Wendy Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77251, USA
| | - David A Muller
- Department of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Laurent Bellaiche
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Harold Y Hwang
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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25
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Sun H, Gu J, Li Y, Paudel TR, Liu D, Wang J, Zang Y, Gu C, Yang J, Sun W, Gu Z, Tsymbal EY, Liu J, Huang H, Wu D, Nie Y. Prominent Size Effects without a Depolarization Field Observed in Ultrathin Ferroelectric Oxide Membranes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:126801. [PMID: 37027865 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.126801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing miniaturization of electronics requires a better understanding of material properties at the nanoscale. Many studies have shown that there is a ferroelectric size limit in oxides, below which the ferroelectricity will be strongly suppressed due to the depolarization field, and whether such a limit still exists in the absence of the depolarization field remains unclear. Here, by applying uniaxial strain, we obtain pure in-plane polarized ferroelectricity in ultrathin SrTiO_{3} membranes, providing a clean system with high tunability to explore ferroelectric size effects especially the thickness-dependent ferroelectric instability with no depolarization field. Surprisingly, the domain size, ferroelectric transition temperature, and critical strain for room-temperature ferroelectricity all exhibit significant thickness dependence. These results indicate that the stability of ferroelectricity is suppressed (enhanced) by increasing the surface or bulk ratio (strain), which can be explained by considering the thickness-dependent dipole-dipole interactions within the transverse Ising model. Our study provides new insights into ferroelectric size effects and sheds light on the applications of ferroelectric thin films in nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoying Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiahui Gu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Laser Interaction with Matter, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710024, China
| | - Tula R Paudel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - Di Liu
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jierong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yipeng Zang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chengyi Gu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiangfeng Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhengbin Gu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Evgeny Y Tsymbal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Junming Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Houbing Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Di Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuefeng Nie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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26
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Harbola V, Wu YJ, Wang H, Smink S, Parks SC, van Aken PA, Mannhart J. Self-Assembly of Nanocrystalline Structures from Freestanding Oxide Membranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210989. [PMID: 36585838 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of crystalline nanostructures enhances the understanding of quantum phenomena occurring in spatially confined quantum matter and may lead to functional materials with unforeseen applications. A novel route to fabricating nanocrystalline oxide structures of exceptional quality is presented. This is achieved by utilizing a self-assembly process of ultrathin membranes composed of the desired oxide. The thermally induced self-assembly of nanocrystalline structures is driven by dewetting the oxide membranes once they are lifted off and transferred onto sapphire surfaces. In three successive steps, the process provides nanovoids, nanowires, and nanocrystals. Regardless of substrate orientation, the nanostructures are highly anisotropic in shape due to material retraction favoring low-index crystalline lattice directions of the membranes. The orientation of the nanostructures is provided precisely by the crystal lattice of the transferred membrane. The microstructure of the nanocrystals exhibits exceptional quality, characterized by a pristine crystal structure and uniform stoichiometry, both maintained all the way down to the well-developed crystalline facets. The demonstrated self-assembly process holds the potential to improve the understanding of surface diffusion phenomena at the interface of materials, which is important for advancing epitaxial growth technology and paves the way to fabricating crystalline nanostructures by the transfer and self-assembly of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Harbola
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yu-Jung Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hongguang Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sander Smink
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sarah C Parks
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter A van Aken
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Mannhart
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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27
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Kim D, Kim M, Reidt S, Han H, Baghizadeh A, Zeng P, Choi H, Puigmartí-Luis J, Trassin M, Nelson BJ, Chen XZ, Pané S. Shape-memory effect in twisted ferroic nanocomposites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:750. [PMID: 36765045 PMCID: PMC9918508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The shape recovery ability of shape-memory alloys vanishes below a critical size (~50 nm), which prevents their practical applications at the nanoscale. In contrast, ferroic materials, even when scaled down to dimensions of a few nanometers, exhibit actuation strain through domain switching, though the generated strain is modest (~1%). Here, we develop freestanding twisted architectures of nanoscale ferroic oxides showing shape-memory effect with a giant recoverable strain (>8%). The twisted geometrical design amplifies the strain generated during ferroelectric domain switching, which cannot be achieved in bulk ceramics or substrate-bonded thin films. The twisted ferroic nanocomposites allow us to overcome the size limitations in traditional shape-memory alloys and open new avenues in engineering large-stroke shape-memory materials for small-scale actuating devices such as nanorobots and artificial muscle fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Kim
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Minsoo Kim
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Reidt
- grid.410387.9IBM Research Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschilikon, Switzerland
| | - Hyeon Han
- grid.450270.40000 0004 0491 5558Max Plank Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ali Baghizadeh
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780The Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peng Zeng
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780The Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hongsoo Choi
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of Robotics & Mechatronics Engineering, DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, Daegu Gyeong-buk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Josep Puigmartí-Luis
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Química Física, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.425902.80000 0000 9601 989XInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA); Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010 Spain
| | - Morgan Trassin
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bradley J. Nelson
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiang-Zhong Chen
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Gong L, Wei M, Yu R, Ohta H, Katayama T. Significant Suppression of Cracks in Freestanding Perovskite Oxide Flexible Sheets Using a Capping Oxide Layer. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21013-21019. [PMID: 36411060 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and functional perovskite oxide sheets with high orientation and crystallization are the next step in the development of next-generation devices. One promising synthesis method is the lift-off and transfer method using a water-soluble sacrificial layer. However, the suppression of cracks during lift-off is a crucial problem that remains unsolved. In this study, we demonstrated that this problem can be solved by depositing amorphous Al2O3 capping layers on oxide sheets. Using this simple method, over 20 mm2 of crack-free, deep-ultraviolet transparent electrode La:SrSnO3 and ferroelectric Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3 flexible sheets were obtained. By contrast, the sheets without any capping layers broke. The obtained sheets showed considerable flexibility and high functionality. The La:SrSnO3 sheet simultaneously exhibited a wide bandgap (4.4 eV) and high electrical conductivity (>103 S/cm). The Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3 sheet exhibited clear room-temperature ferroelectricity with a remnant polarization of 17 μC/cm2. Our findings provide a simple transfer method for obtaining large, crack-free, high-quality, single-crystalline sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhikun Gong
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N14W9, Kita, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Mian Wei
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N14W9, Kita, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Rui Yu
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N14W9, Kita, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ohta
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Katayama
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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29
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Yoon H, Truttmann TK, Liu F, Matthews BE, Choo S, Su Q, Saraswat V, Manzo S, Arnold MS, Bowden ME, Kawasaki JK, Koester SJ, Spurgeon SR, Chambers SA, Jalan B. Freestanding epitaxial SrTiO 3 nanomembranes via remote epitaxy using hybrid molecular beam epitaxy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd5328. [PMID: 36563139 PMCID: PMC9788776 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The epitaxial growth of functional oxides using a substrate with a graphene layer is a highly desirable method for improving structural quality and obtaining freestanding epitaxial nanomembranes for scientific study, applications, and economical reuse of substrates. However, the aggressive oxidizing conditions typically used in growing epitaxial oxides can damage graphene. Here, we demonstrate the successful use of hybrid molecular beam epitaxy for SrTiO3 growth that does not require an independent oxygen source, thus avoiding graphene damage. This approach produces epitaxial films with self-regulating cation stoichiometry. Furthermore, the film (46-nm-thick SrTiO3) can be exfoliated and transferred to foreign substrates. These results open the door to future studies of previously unattainable freestanding oxide nanomembranes grown in an adsorption-controlled manner by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy. This approach has potentially important implications for the commercial application of perovskite oxides in flexible electronics and as a dielectric in van der Waals thin-film electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tristan K. Truttmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Fengdeng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bethany E. Matthews
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland,, WA 99352, USA
| | - Sooho Choo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Qun Su
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Vivek Saraswat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sebastian Manzo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael S. Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mark E. Bowden
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Jason K. Kawasaki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Steven J. Koester
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Steven R. Spurgeon
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland,, WA 99352, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Scott A. Chambers
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Bharat Jalan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Corresponding author.
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30
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Shen L, Zhang Y, Liu T, Wang H, Ma C, Liu M. Bending Modulated Ultralarge Magnetoresistance in Flexible La 0.67Ba 0.33MnO 3 Thin Film Based Device. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:48868-48875. [PMID: 36263675 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoresistance based information devices have attracted much attention due to the ability to utilize spins as information carriers. To promote the magnetoresistance-based devices, ultrahigh magnetoresistance ratios are highly desirable for magnetic sensing, memory, and artificial intelligent devices, etc. However, today the magnetoresistance devices are facing the challenge of limited magnetoresistance ratio, low work temperature, or high magnetic field, which calls for proper theories and mechanisms. To address it, we first introduce the flexible bending-controlled magnetoresistance device based on the La0.67Ba0.33MnO3 film. Due to the anisotropic resistance of the La0.67Ba0.33MnO3 film and the nonlinear amplification effect of the Zener diode, the device has exhibited strong magnetoresistive performance (∼8725% at 1 T, 300 K). Combining the assist from mechanical bending and diode, high magnetic field sensitivity with large magnetoresistance ratio (∼1.7 × 104% at 1 T, 300 K) and low work current (∼0.15 mA) is simultaneously achieved at room temperature, which is over 104 times larger than that of the planar La0.67Ba0.33MnO3 film. Based on the above results, we propose one but not the only possible application as tunable multistage switch. Our findings may pave a strategy to develop flexible diode-enhanced magnetoresistance device with ultrahigh magnetoresistance ratios and bending tunable performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvkang Shen
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - He Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Chunrui Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
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31
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Lee M, Renshof JR, van Zeggeren KJ, Houmes MJA, Lesne E, Šiškins M, van Thiel TC, Guis RH, van Blankenstein MR, Verbiest GJ, Caviglia AD, van der Zant HSJ, Steeneken PG. Ultrathin Piezoelectric Resonators Based on Graphene and Free-Standing Single-Crystal BaTiO 3. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204630. [PMID: 36039705 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Suspended piezoelectric thin films are key elements enabling high-frequency filtering in telecommunication devices. To meet the requirements of next-generation electronics, it is essential to reduce device thickness for reaching higher resonance frequencies. Here, the high-quality mechanical and electrical properties of graphene electrodes are combined with the strong piezoelectric performance of the free-standing complex oxide, BaTiO3 (BTO), to create ultrathin piezoelectric resonators. It is demonstrated that the device can be brought into mechanical resonance by piezoelectric actuation. By sweeping the DC bias voltage on the top graphene electrode, the BTO membrane is switched between the two poled ferroelectric states. Remarkably, ferroelectric hysteresis is also observed in the resonance frequency, magnitude and Q-factor of the first membrane mode. In the bulk acoustic mode, the device vibrates at 233 GHz. This work demonstrates the potential of combining van der Waals materials with complex oxides for next-generation electronics, which not only opens up opportunities for increasing filter frequencies, but also enables reconfiguration by poling, via ferroelectric memory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lee
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes R Renshof
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper J van Zeggeren
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits J A Houmes
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Edouard Lesne
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Makars Šiškins
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry C van Thiel
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben H Guis
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Mark R van Blankenstein
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J Verbiest
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea D Caviglia
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G Steeneken
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft, 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
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32
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Zhang Z, Shao J, Jin F, Dai K, Li J, Lan D, Hua E, Han Y, Wei L, Cheng F, Ge B, Wang L, Zhao Y, Wu W. Uniaxial Strain and Hydrostatic Pressure Engineering of the Hidden Magnetism in La 1-xCa xMnO 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1/2) Thin Films. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7328-7335. [PMID: 36067249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, using various substrates, we demonstrate that the in-plane uniaxial strain engineering can enhance the Jahn-Teller distortions and promote selective orbital occupancy to induce an emergent antiferromagnetic insulating (AFI) phase at x = 1/3 of La1-xCaxMnO3. Such an AFI phase depends not only on the magnitude of epitaxial strain but also on the symmetry of the substrates. Using the large uniaxial strain imparted by DyScO3(001) substrate, the AFI ground state is achieved in a wide range of doping levels (0 ≤ x ≤ 1/2), leaving an extended AFI phase diagram. Moreover, it is found that hydrostatic pressure can tune the AFI phase back to a hidden ferromagnetic metallic phase, accompanied by the formation of accommodation strain. The coaction of the accommodation strain, uniaxial strain, and hydrostatic pressure produces complex phase competition and evolution, and the result may shed light on phase space control of other functional perovskites with the competing magnetic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixun Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jifeng Shao
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kunjie Dai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Da Lan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Enda Hua
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuyan Han
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Long Wei
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Binghui Ge
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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33
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Li Y, Xiang C, Chiabrera FM, Yun S, Zhang H, Kelly DJ, Dahm RT, Kirchert CKR, Cozannet TEL, Trier F, Christensen DV, Booth TJ, Simonsen SB, Kadkhodazadeh S, Jespersen TS, Pryds N. Stacking and Twisting of Freestanding Complex Oxide Thin Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203187. [PMID: 35901262 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The integration of dissimilar materials in heterostructures has long been a cornerstone of modern materials science-seminal examples are 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures. Recently, new methods have been developed that enable the realization of ultrathin freestanding oxide films approaching the 2D limit. Oxides offer new degrees of freedom, due to the strong electronic interactions, especially the 3d orbital electrons, which give rise to rich exotic phases. Inspired by this progress, a new platform for assembling freestanding oxide thin films with different materials and orientations into artificial stacks with heterointerfaces is developed. It is shown that the oxide stacks can be tailored by controlling the stacking sequences, as well as the twist angle between the constituent layers with atomically sharp interfaces, leading to distinct moiré patterns in the transmission electron microscopy images of the full stacks. Stacking and twisting is recognized as a key degree of structural freedom in 2D materials but, until now, has never been realized for oxide materials. This approach opens unexplored avenues for fabricating artificial 3D oxide stacking heterostructures with freestanding membranes across a broad range of complex oxide crystal structures with functionalities not available in conventional 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, Faculty of Science, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Xiang
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 309, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Francesco M Chiabrera
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Shinhee Yun
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Haiwu Zhang
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 307, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Rasmus T Dahm
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Charline K R Kirchert
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Le Cozannet
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Felix Trier
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Dennis V Christensen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Timothy J Booth
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 309, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Søren B Simonsen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Shima Kadkhodazadeh
- DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 307, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Jespersen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Nini Pryds
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej, 310, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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34
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Huang J, Chen W. Flexible Strategy of Epitaxial Oxide Thin Films. iScience 2022; 25:105041. [PMID: 36157575 PMCID: PMC9489952 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Applying functional oxide thin films to flexible devices is of great interests within the rapid development of information technology. The challenges involve the contradiction between the high-temperature growth of high-quality oxide films and low melting point of the flexible supports. This review summarizes the developed methods to fabricate high-quality flexible oxide thin films with novel functionalities and applications. We start from the fabrication methods, e.g. direct growth on flexible buffered metal foils and layered mica, etching and transfer approach, as well as remote epitaxy technique. Then, various functionalities in flexible oxide films will be introduced, specifically, owing to the mechanical flexibility, some unique properties can be induced in flexible oxide films. Taking the advantages of the excellent physical properties, the flexible oxide films have been employed in various devices. Finally, future perspectives in this research field will be proposed to further develop this field from fabrication, functionality to device. Different methods to fabricate flexible oxide thin films have been introduced Physical functionalities of flexible oxide thin films have been demonstrated Various applications of flexible oxide thin films have been discussed Future perspectives of flexible oxide thin films have been proposed
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Pesquera D, Fernández A, Khestanova E, Martin LW. Freestanding complex-oxide membranes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:383001. [PMID: 35779514 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac7dd5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Complex oxides show a vast range of functional responses, unparalleled within the inorganic solids realm, making them promising materials for applications as varied as next-generation field-effect transistors, spintronic devices, electro-optic modulators, pyroelectric detectors, or oxygen reduction catalysts. Their stability in ambient conditions, chemical versatility, and large susceptibility to minute structural and electronic modifications make them ideal subjects of study to discover emergent phenomena and to generate novel functionalities for next-generation devices. Recent advances in the synthesis of single-crystal, freestanding complex oxide membranes provide an unprecedented opportunity to study these materials in a nearly-ideal system (e.g. free of mechanical/thermal interaction with substrates) as well as expanding the range of tools for tweaking their order parameters (i.e. (anti-)ferromagnetic, (anti-)ferroelectric, ferroelastic), and increasing the possibility of achieving novel heterointegration approaches (including interfacing dissimilar materials) by avoiding the chemical, structural, or thermal constraints in synthesis processes. Here, we review the recent developments in the fabrication and characterization of complex-oxide membranes and discuss their potential for unraveling novel physicochemical phenomena at the nanoscale and for further exploiting their functionalities in technologically relevant devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pesquera
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Abel Fernández
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | | | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
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36
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Gu M, Bai YH, Zhang GP, George TF. Spin-phonon dispersion in magnetic materials. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:375802. [PMID: 35793694 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac7f17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic coupling between the electron spin and the lattice vibration is responsible for an array of exotic properties from morphic effects in simple non magnets to magnetodielectric coupling in multiferroic spinels and hematites. Traditionally, a single spin-phonon coupling constant is used to characterize how effectively the lattice can affect the spin, but it is hardly enough to capture novel electromagnetic behaviors to the full extent. Here, we introduce a concept of spin-phonon dispersion to project the spin moment change along the phonon crystal momentum direction, so the entire spin change can be mapped out. Different from the phonon dispersion, the spin-phonon dispersion has both positive and negative frequency branches even in the equilibrium ground state, which correspond to the spin enhancement and spin reduction, respectively. Our study of bcc Fe and hcp Co reveals that the spin force matrix, that is, the second-order spatial derivative of spin moment, is similar to the vibrational force matrix, but its diagonal elements are smaller than the off-diagonal ones. This leads to the distinctive spin-phonon dispersion. The concept of spin-phonon dispersion expands the traditional Elliott-Yafet theory in nonmagnetic materials to the entire Brillouin zone in magnetic materials, thus opening the door to excited states in systems such as CoF2and NiO, where a strong spin-lattice coupling is detected in the THz regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Gu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Bai
- Office of Information Technology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, United States of America
| | - G P Zhang
- Department of Physics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, United States of America
| | - Thomas F George
- Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Physics & Astronomy, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, United States of America
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37
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Fernandez A, Acharya M, Lee HG, Schimpf J, Jiang Y, Lou D, Tian Z, Martin LW. Thin-Film Ferroelectrics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108841. [PMID: 35353395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, the study of ferroelectric oxides has been revolutionized by the implementation of epitaxial-thin-film-based studies, which have driven many advances in the understanding of ferroelectric physics and the realization of novel polar structures and functionalities. New questions have motivated the development of advanced synthesis, characterization, and simulations of epitaxial thin films and, in turn, have provided new insights and applications across the micro-, meso-, and macroscopic length scales. This review traces the evolution of ferroelectric thin-film research through the early days developing understanding of the roles of size and strain on ferroelectrics to the present day, where such understanding is used to create complex hierarchical domain structures, novel polar topologies, and controlled chemical and defect profiles. The extension of epitaxial techniques, coupled with advances in high-throughput simulations, now stands to accelerate the discovery and study of new ferroelectric materials. Coming hand-in-hand with these new materials is new understanding and control of ferroelectric functionalities. Today, researchers are actively working to apply these lessons in a number of applications, including novel memory and logic architectures, as well as a host of energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Fernandez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Megha Acharya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Han-Gyeol Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jesse Schimpf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yizhe Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Djamila Lou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zishen Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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38
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Zhong H, Li M, Zhang Q, Yang L, He R, Liu F, Liu Z, Li G, Sun Q, Xie D, Meng F, Li Q, He M, Guo EJ, Wang C, Zhong Z, Wang X, Gu L, Yang G, Jin K, Gao P, Ge C. Large-Scale Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 Membranes with Robust Ferroelectricity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109889. [PMID: 35397192 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hafnia-based compounds have considerable potential for use in nanoelectronics due to their compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices and robust ferroelectricity at nanoscale sizes. However, the unexpected ferroelectricity in this class of compounds often remains elusive due to the polymorphic nature of hafnia, as well as the lack of suitable methods for the characterization of the mixed/complex phases in hafnia thin films. Herein, the preparation of centimeter-scale, crack-free, freestanding Hf0.5 Zr0.5 O2 (HZO) nanomembranes that are well suited for investigating the local crystallographic phases, orientations, and grain boundaries at both the microscopic and mesoscopic scales is reported. Atomic-level imaging of the plan-view crystallographic patterns shows that more than 80% of the grains are the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase, and that the mean equivalent diameter of these grains is about 12.1 nm, with values ranging from 4 to 50 nm. Moreover, the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase is stable in substrate-free HZO membranes, indicating that strain from the substrate is not responsible for maintaining the polar phase. It is also demonstrated that HZO capacitors prepared on flexible substrates are highly uniform, stable, and robust. These freestanding membranes provide a viable platform for the exploration of HZO polymorphic films with complex structures and pave the way to flexible nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Electron microscopy laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ri He
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhuohui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ge Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qinchao Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Physics, University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Donggang Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Physics, University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Meng He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Er-Jia Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Can Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xinqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guozhen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kuijuan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron microscopy laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chen Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Lu Q, Liu Z, Yang Q, Cao H, Balakrishnan P, Wang Q, Cheng L, Lu Y, Zuo JM, Zhou H, Quarterman P, Muramoto S, Grutter AJ, Chen H, Zhai X. Engineering Magnetic Anisotropy and Emergent Multidirectional Soft Ferromagnetism in Ultrathin Freestanding LaMnO 3 Films. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7580-7588. [PMID: 35446560 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The combination of small coercive fields and weak magnetic anisotropy makes soft ferromagnetic films extremely useful for nanoscale devices that need to easily switch spin directions. However, soft ferromagnets are relatively rare, particularly in ultrathin films with thicknesses of a few nanometers or less. We have synthesized large-area, high-quality, ultrathin freestanding LaMnO3 films on Si and found unexpected soft ferromagnetism along both the in-plane and out-of-plane directions when the film thickness was reduced to 4 nm. We argue that the vanishing magnetic anisotropy between the two directions is a consequence of two coexisting magnetic easy axes in different atomic layers of the LaMnO3 film. Spectroscopy measurements reveal a change in Mn valence from 3+ in the film interior to approximately 2+ at the surfaces where considerable hydrogen infiltration occurs due to the water dissolving process. First-principles calculations show that protonation of LaMnO3 decreases the Mn valence and switches the magnetic easy axis from in-plane to out-of-plane as the Mn valence approaches 2+ from its 3+ bulk value. Our work demonstrates that ultrathin freestanding films can exhibit functional properties that are absent in homogeneous materials, concomitant with their convenient compatibility with Si-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinwen Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Department of Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200122, China
| | - Qun Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Purnima Balakrishnan
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Long Cheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yalin Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian-Min Zuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Patrick Quarterman
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Shin Muramoto
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Alexander J Grutter
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Hanghui Chen
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200122, China
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10012, United States
| | - Xiaofang Zhai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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40
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Li Y, Zatterin E, Conroy M, Pylypets A, Borodavka F, Björling A, Groenendijk DJ, Lesne E, Clancy AJ, Hadjimichael M, Kepaptsoglou D, Ramasse QM, Caviglia AD, Hlinka J, Bangert U, Leake SJ, Zubko P. Electrostatically Driven Polarization Flop and Strain-Induced Curvature in Free-Standing Ferroelectric Superlattices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106826. [PMID: 35064954 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The combination of strain and electrostatic engineering in epitaxial heterostructures of ferroelectric oxides offers many possibilities for inducing new phases, complex polar topologies, and enhanced electrical properties. However, the dominant effect of substrate clamping can also limit the electromechanical response and often leaves electrostatics to play a secondary role. Releasing the mechanical constraint imposed by the substrate can not only dramatically alter the balance between elastic and electrostatic forces, enabling them to compete on par with each other, but also activates new mechanical degrees of freedom, such as the macroscopic curvature of the heterostructure. In this work, an electrostatically driven transition from a predominantly out-of-plane polarized to an in-plane polarized state is observed when a PbTiO3 /SrTiO3 superlattice with a SrRuO3 bottom electrode is released from its substrate. In turn, this polarization rotation modifies the lattice parameter mismatch between the superlattice and the thin SrRuO3 layer, causing the heterostructure to curl up into microtubes. Through a combination of synchrotron-based scanning X-ray diffraction imaging, Raman scattering, piezoresponse force microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy, the crystalline structure and domain patterns of the curved superlattices are investigated, revealing a strong anisotropy in the domain structure and a complex mechanism for strain accommodation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Edoardo Zatterin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Michele Conroy
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0HA, UK
| | - Anastasiia Pylypets
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Fedir Borodavka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dirk J Groenendijk
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, Delft, GA 2600, The Netherlands
| | - Edouard Lesne
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, Delft, GA 2600, The Netherlands
| | - Adam J Clancy
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Marios Hadjimichael
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Demie Kepaptsoglou
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Quentin M Ramasse
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, UK
- Schools of Chemical and Process Engineering, & Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrea D Caviglia
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, Delft, GA 2600, The Netherlands
| | - Jiri Hlinka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Ursel Bangert
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Steven J Leake
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Pavlo Zubko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, 17-19 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0HA, UK
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41
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Dong G, Hu Y, Guo C, Wu H, Liu H, Peng R, Xian D, Mao Q, Dong Y, Zhao Y, Peng B, Wang Z, Hu Z, Zhang J, Wang X, Hong J, Luo Z, Ren W, Ye ZG, Jiang Z, Zhou Z, Huang H, Peng Y, Liu M. Self-Assembled Epitaxial Ferroelectric Oxide Nanospring with Super-Scalability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108419. [PMID: 35092066 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxide nanosprings have attracted many research interests because of their anticorrosion, high-temperature tolerance, oxidation resistance, and enhanced-mechanic-response from unique helix structures, enabling various applications like nanomanipulators, nanomotors, nanoswitches, sensors, and energy harvesters. However, preparing oxide nanosprings is a challenge for their intrinsic lack of elasticity. Here, an approach for preparing self-assembled, epitaxial, ferroelectric nanosprings with built-in strain due to the lattice mismatch in freestanding La0.7 Sr0.3 MnO3 /BaTiO3 (LSMO/BTO) bilayer heterostructures is developed. It is found that these LSMO/BTO nanosprings can be extensively pulled or pushed up to their geometrical limits back and forth without breaking, exhibiting super-scalability with full recovery capability. The phase-field simulations reveal that the excellent scalability originates from the continuous ferroelastic domain structures, resulting from twisting under co-existing axial and shear strains. In addition, the oxide heterostructural springs exhibit strong resilience due to the limited plastic deformation nature and the built-in strain between the bilayers. This discovery provides an alternative way for preparing and operating functional oxide nanosprings that can be applied to various technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Dong
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Materials and Energy, Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University and Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Changqing Guo
- School of Aerospace Engineering & Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haijun Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ruobo Peng
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Dan Xian
- The State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qi Mao
- The State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yongqi Dong
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory & CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bin Peng
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhiguang Wang
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhongqiang Hu
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University and Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering & Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiawang Hong
- School of Aerospace Engineering & Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhenlin Luo
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory & CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wei Ren
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zuo-Guang Ye
- Department of Chemistry & 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Houbing Huang
- School of Aerospace Engineering & Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yong Peng
- School of Materials and Energy, Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University and Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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42
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Salles P, Guzmán R, Zanders D, Quintana A, Fina I, Sánchez F, Zhou W, Devi A, Coll M. Bendable Polycrystalline and Magnetic CoFe 2O 4 Membranes by Chemical Methods. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12845-12854. [PMID: 35232015 PMCID: PMC8931725 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The preparation and manipulation of crystalline yet bendable functional complex oxide membranes has been a long-standing issue for a myriad of applications, in particular, for flexible electronics. Here, we investigate the viability to prepare magnetic and crystalline CoFe2O4 (CFO) membranes by means of the Sr3Al2O6 (SAO) sacrificial layer approach using chemical deposition techniques. Meticulous chemical and structural study of the SAO surface and SAO/CFO interface properties have allowed us to identify the formation of an amorphous SAO capping layer and carbonates upon air exposure, which dictate the crystalline quality of the subsequent CFO film growth. Vacuum annealing at 800 °C of SAO films promotes the elimination of the surface carbonates and the reconstruction of the SAO surface crystallinity. Ex-situ atomic layer deposition of CFO films at 250 °C on air-exposed SAO offers the opportunity to avoid high-temperature growth while achieving polycrystalline CFO films that can be successfully transferred to a polymer support preserving the magnetic properties under bending. Float on and transfer provides an alternative route to prepare freestanding and wrinkle-free CFO membrane films. The advances and challenges presented in this work are expected to help increase the capabilities to grow different oxide compositions and heterostructures of freestanding films and their range of functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Salles
- ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Roger Guzmán
- School
of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - David Zanders
- Inorganic
Materials Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | | | - Ignasi Fina
- ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | | | - Wu Zhou
- School
of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Anjana Devi
- Inorganic
Materials Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Mariona Coll
- ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
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43
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Cenker J, Sivakumar S, Xie K, Miller A, Thijssen P, Liu Z, Dismukes A, Fonseca J, Anderson E, Zhu X, Roy X, Xiao D, Chu JH, Cao T, Xu X. Reversible strain-induced magnetic phase transition in a van der Waals magnet. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:256-261. [PMID: 35058657 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical deformation of a crystal can have a profound effect on its physical properties. Notably, even small modifications of bond geometry can completely change the size and sign of magnetic exchange interactions and thus the magnetic ground state. Here we report the strain tuning of the magnetic properties of the A-type layered antiferromagnetic semiconductor CrSBr achieved by designing a strain device that can apply continuous, in situ uniaxial tensile strain to two-dimensional materials, reaching several percent at cryogenic temperatures. Using this apparatus, we realize a reversible strain-induced antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic phase transition at zero magnetic field and strain control of the out-of-plane spin-canting process. First-principles calculations reveal that the tuning of the in-plane lattice constant strongly modifies the interlayer magnetic exchange interaction, which changes sign at the critical strain. Our work creates new opportunities for harnessing the strain control of magnetism and other electronic states in low-dimensional materials and heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cenker
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shivesh Sivakumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaichen Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron Miller
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pearl Thijssen
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Avalon Dismukes
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordan Fonseca
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Anderson
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jiun-Haw Chu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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44
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Lee M, Robin MP, Guis RH, Filippozzi U, Shin DH, van Thiel TC, Paardekooper SP, Renshof JR, van der Zant HSJ, Caviglia AD, Verbiest GJ, Steeneken PG. Self-Sealing Complex Oxide Resonators. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1475-1482. [PMID: 35119289 PMCID: PMC8880390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although 2D materials hold great potential for next-generation pressure sensors, recent studies revealed that gases permeate along the membrane-surface interface, necessitating additional sealing procedures. In this work, we demonstrate the use of free-standing complex oxides as self-sealing membranes that allow the reference cavity beneath to be sealed by a simple anneal. To test the hermeticity, we study the gas permeation time constants in nanomechanical resonators made from SrRuO3 and SrTiO3 membranes suspended over SiO2/Si cavities which show an improvement up to 4 orders of magnitude in the permeation time constant after annealing the devices. Similar devices fabricated on Si3N4/Si do not show such improvements, suggesting that the adhesion increase over SiO2 is mediated by oxygen bonds that are formed at the SiO2/complex oxide interface during the self-sealing anneal. Picosecond ultrasonics measurements confirm the improvement in the adhesion by 70% after annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lee
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Martin P. Robin
- Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben H. Guis
- Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ulderico Filippozzi
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry C. van Thiel
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn P. Paardekooper
- Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes R. Renshof
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Herre S. J. van der Zant
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea D. Caviglia
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J. Verbiest
- Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G. Steeneken
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
- Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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45
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Goodge BH, El Baggari I, Hong SS, Wang Z, Schlom DG, Hwang HY, Kourkoutis LF. Disentangling Coexisting Structural Order Through Phase Lock-In Analysis of Atomic-Resolution STEM Data. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-8. [PMID: 35190012 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a real-space technique, atomic-resolution STEM imaging contains both amplitude and geometric phase information about structural order in materials, with the latter encoding important information about local variations and heterogeneities present in crystalline lattices. Such phase information can be extracted using geometric phase analysis (GPA), a method which has generally focused on spatially mapping elastic strain. Here we demonstrate an alternative phase demodulation technique and its application to reveal complex structural phenomena in correlated quantum materials. As with other methods of image phase analysis, the phase lock-in approach can be implemented to extract detailed information about structural order and disorder, including dislocations and compound defects in crystals. Extending the application of this phase analysis to Fourier components that encode periodic modulations of the crystalline lattice, such as superlattice or secondary frequency peaks, we extract the behavior of multiple distinct order parameters within the same image, yielding insights into not only the crystalline heterogeneity but also subtle emergent order parameters such as antipolar displacements. When applied to atomic-resolution images spanning large (~0.5 × 0.5 μm2) fields of view, this approach enables vivid visualizations of the spatial interplay between various structural orders in novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit H Goodge
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | | | - Seung Sae Hong
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Harold Y Hwang
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA94025, USA
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
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46
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Zhong G, An F, Qu K, Dong Y, Yang Z, Dai L, Xie S, Huang R, Luo Z, Li J. Highly Flexible Freestanding BaTiO 3 -CoFe 2 O 4 Heteroepitaxial Nanostructure Self-Assembled with Room-Temperature Multiferroicity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104213. [PMID: 34816590 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroics with simultaneous electric and magnetic orderings are highly desirable for sensing, actuation, data storage, and bio-inspired systems, yet developing flexible materials with robust multiferroic properties at room temperature is a long-term challenge. Utilizing water-soluble Sr3 Al2 O6 as a sacrificial layer, the authors have successfully self-assembled a freestanding BaTiO3 -CoFe2 O4 heteroepitaxial nanostructure via pulse laser deposition, and confirmed its epitaxial growth in both out-of-plane and in-plane directions, with highly ordered CoFe2 O4 nanopillars embedded in a single crystalline BaTiO3 matrix free of substrate constraint. The freestanding nanostructure enjoys super flexibility and mechanical integrity, not only capable of spontaneously curving into a roll, but can also be bent with a radius as small as 4.23 µm. Moreover, piezoelectricity and ferromagnetism are demonstrated at both microscopic and macroscopic scales, confirming its robust multiferroicity at room temperature. This work establishes an effective route for flexible multiferroic materials, which have the potential for various practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaokuo Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Feng An
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Ke Qu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yongqi Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, East China Normal University, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Liyufen Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Shuhong Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, East China Normal University, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhenlin Luo
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Jiangyu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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47
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Zang Y, Di C, Geng Z, Yan X, Ji D, Zheng N, Jiang X, Fu H, Wang J, Guo W, Sun H, Han L, Zhou Y, Gu Z, Kong D, Aramberri H, Cazorla C, Íñiguez J, Rurali R, Chen L, Zhou J, Wu D, Lu M, Nie Y, Chen Y, Pan X. Giant Thermal Transport Tuning at a Metal/Ferroelectric Interface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105778. [PMID: 34676925 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial thermal transport plays a prominent role in the thermal management of nanoscale objects and is of fundamental importance for basic research and nanodevices. At metal/insulator interfaces, a configuration commonly found in electronic devices, heat transport strongly depends upon the effective energy transfer from thermalized electrons in the metal to the phonons in the insulator. However, the mechanism of interfacial electron-phonon coupling and thermal transport at metal/insulator interfaces is not well understood. Here, the observation of a substantial enhancement of the interfacial thermal resistance and the important role of surface charges at the metal/ferroelectric interface in an Al/BiFeO3 membrane are reported. By applying uniaxial strain, the interfacial thermal resistance can be varied substantially (up to an order of magnitude), which is attributed to the renormalized interfacial electron-phonon coupling caused by the charge redistribution at the interface due to the polarization rotation. These results imply that surface charges at a metal/insulator interface can substantially enhance the interfacial electron-phonon-mediated thermal coupling, providing a new route to optimize the thermal transport performance in next-generation nanodevices, power electronics, and thermal logic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Zang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chen Di
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhiming Geng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xuejun Yan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Dianxiang Ji
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ningchong Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hanyu Fu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Haoying Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lu Han
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhengbin Gu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Desheng Kong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hugo Aramberri
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 5, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
| | - Claudio Cazorla
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Nord B4-B5, Barcelona, E-08034, Spain
| | - Jorge Íñiguez
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux 5, Esch/Alzette, L-4362, Luxembourg
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 41 Rue du Brill, Belvaux, L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Riccardo Rurali
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Longqing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jian Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Di Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Minghui Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuefeng Nie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yanfeng Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Science Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, 916 Engineering Tower, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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48
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Zhang R, Li X, Meng F, Bi J, Zhang S, Peng S, Sun J, Wang X, Wu L, Duan J, Cao H, Zhang Q, Gu L, Huang LF, Cao Y. Wafer-Scale Epitaxy of Flexible Nitride Films with Superior Plasmonic and Superconducting Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60182-60191. [PMID: 34881876 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal nitrides (e.g., TiN, ZrN, TaN) are incredible materials with excellent complementary metal-oxide semiconductor compatibility and remarkable performance in refractory plasmonics and superconducting quantum electronics. Epitaxial growth of flexible transition-metal nitride films, especially at the wafer scale, is fundamentally important for developing high-performance flexible photonics and superconducting electronics, but the study is rare thus far. This work reports the high-quality epitaxy of 2-in. titanium nitride (TiN) films on flexible fluorophlogopite-mica (F-mica) substrates via reactive magnetron sputtering. Combined measurements of spectroscopic ellipsometry and electrical transport reveal the superior plasmonic and superconducting performance of TiN/F-mica films owing to the high single crystallinity. More interestingly, the superconductivity of these flexible TiN films can be manipulated by the bending states, and enhanced superconducting critical temperature TC is observed in convex TiN films with in-plane tensile strain. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the strain can tune the electron-phonon interaction strength and the resultant superconductivity of TiN films. This study provides a promising route toward integrating scalable single-crystalline transition-metal nitride films with flexible electronics for high-performance plasmonics and superconducting electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiachang Bi
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shunda Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaoqin Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Junxi Duan
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongtao Cao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liang-Feng Huang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Kim JM, Haque MF, Hsieh EY, Nahid SM, Zarin I, Jeong KY, So JP, Park HG, Nam S. Strain Engineering of Low-Dimensional Materials for Emerging Quantum Phenomena and Functionalities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021:e2107362. [PMID: 34866241 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent discoveries of exotic physical phenomena, such as unconventional superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, dissipationless Dirac fermions in topological insulators, and quantum spin liquids, have triggered tremendous interest in quantum materials. The macroscopic revelation of quantum mechanical effects in quantum materials is associated with strong electron-electron correlations in the lattice, particularly where materials have reduced dimensionality. Owing to the strong correlations and confined geometry, altering atomic spacing and crystal symmetry via strain has emerged as an effective and versatile pathway for perturbing the subtle equilibrium of quantum states. This review highlights recent advances in strain-tunable quantum phenomena and functionalities, with particular focus on low-dimensional quantum materials. Experimental strategies for strain engineering are first discussed in terms of heterogeneity and elastic reconfigurability of strain distribution. The nontrivial quantum properties of several strain-quantum coupled platforms, including 2D van der Waals materials and heterostructures, topological insulators, superconducting oxides, and metal halide perovskites, are next outlined, with current challenges and future opportunities in quantum straintronics followed. Overall, strain engineering of quantum phenomena and functionalities is a rich field for fundamental research of many-body interactions and holds substantial promise for next-generation electronics capable of ultrafast, dissipationless, and secure information processing and communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Myung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Md Farhadul Haque
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ezekiel Y Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Shahriar Muhammad Nahid
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ishrat Zarin
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kwang-Yong Jeong
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Pil So
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyu Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - SungWoo Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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Jin C, Zhu Y, Li X, An F, Han W, Liu Q, Hu S, Ji Y, Xu Z, Hu S, Ye M, Zhong G, Gu M, Chen L. Super-Flexible Freestanding BiMnO 3 Membranes with Stable Ferroelectricity and Ferromagnetism. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102178. [PMID: 34713629 PMCID: PMC8693045 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroic materials with flexibility are expected to make great contributions to flexible electronic applications, such as sensors, memories, and wearable devices. In this work, super-flexible freestanding BiMnO3 membranes with simultaneous ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism are synthesized using water-soluble Sr3 Al2 O6 as the sacrificial buffer layer. The super-flexibility of BiMnO3 membranes is demonstrated by undergoing an ≈180° folding during an in situ bending test, which is consistent with the results of first-principles calculations. The piezoelectric signal under a bending radius of ≈500 µm confirms the stable existence of electric polarization in freestanding BiMnO3 membranes. Moreover, the stable ferromagnetism of freestanding BiMnO3 membranes is demonstrated after 100 times bending cycles with a bending radius of ≈2 mm. 5.1% uniaxial tensile strain is achieved in freestanding BiMnO3 membranes, and the piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) phase retention behaviors confirm that the ferroelectricity of membranes can survive stably up to the strain of 1.7%. These super-flexible membranes with stable ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism pave ways to the realizations of multifunctional flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Jin
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- School of PhysicsHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150081China
| | - Yuanmin Zhu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Feng An
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of NanobiomechanicsShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Wenqiao Han
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Sixia Hu
- Materials Characterization and Preparation CenterSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Yanjiang Ji
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Zedong Xu
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Songbai Hu
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Mao Ye
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Gaokuo Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of NanobiomechanicsShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- Materials Characterization and Preparation CenterSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
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