1
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Wu Y, Zhang D, Zhang YN, Deng L, Peng B. Nonreciprocal and Nonvolatile Electric-Field Switching of Magnetism in van der Waals Heterostructure Multiferroics. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5929-5936. [PMID: 38655909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Multiferroic materials provide robust and efficient routes for the control of magnetism by electric fields, which have been diligently sought after for a long time. Construction of two-dimensional (2D) vdW multiferroics is a more exciting endeavor. To date, the nonvolatile manipulation of magnetism through ferroelectric polarization still remains challenging in a 2D vdW heterostructure multiferroic. Here, we report a van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure multiferroic comprising the atomically thin layered antiferromagnet (AFM) CrI3 and ferroelectric (FE) α-In2Se3. We demonstrate anomalously nonreciprocal and nonvolatile electric-field control of magnetization by ferroelectric polarization. The nonreciprocal electric control originates from an intriguing antisymmetric enhancement of interlayer ferromagnetic coupling in the opposite ferroelectric polarization configurations of α-In2Se3. Our work provides numerous possibilities for creating diverse heterostructure multiferroics at the limit of a few atomic layers for multistage magnetic memories and brain-inspired in-memory computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangliu Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multi Spectral Absorbing Materials and Structures of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ning Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Longjiang Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multi Spectral Absorbing Materials and Structures of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Multi Spectral Absorbing Materials and Structures of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
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2
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Wang C, Wan S, Wang Y, Shi F, Gong M, Zeng H. Imaging the Magnetic Anisotropy in Ultrathin Fe 4GeTe 2 with a Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetometer. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5754-5760. [PMID: 38708987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) FenGeTe2, with n = 3, 4, and 5, has been realized in experiments, showing strong magnetic anisotropy with enhanced critical temperature (Tc). The understanding of its magnetic anisotropy is crucial for the exploration of more stable 2D magnets and its spintronic applications. Here, we report a quantitative reconstruction of the magnetization magnitude and its direction in ultrathin Fe4GeTe2 using nitrogen vacancy centers. Through imaging stray magnetic fields, we identified the spin-flop transition at approximately 80 K, resulting in a change of the easy axis from the out-of-plane direction to the in-plane direction. Moreover, by analyzing the thermally activated escape behavior of the magnetization near Tc in terms of the Ginzburg-Landau model, we observed the in-plane magnetic anisotropy effect and the formation capability of magnetic domains at ∼0.4 μm2 μT-1. Our findings contribute to the quantitative understanding of the magnetic anisotropy effect in a vast range of 2D van der Waals magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Wan
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Wang
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Fazhan Shi
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualing Zeng
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
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3
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Yang X, Xie X, Yang W, Wang X, Li M, Zheng F. Stacking-dependent interlayer magnetic interactions in CrSe 2. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:305709. [PMID: 38648740 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad4156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Recently, CrSe2, a new ferromagnetic van der Waals two-dimensional material, was discovered to be highly stable under ambient conditions, making it an attractive candidate for fundamental research and potential device applications. Here, we study the interlayer interactions of bilayer CrSe2using first-principles calculations. We demonstrate that the interlayer interaction depends on the stacking structure. The AA and AB stackings exhibit antiferromagnetic (AFM) interlayer interactions, while the AC stacking exhibits ferromagnetic (FM) interlayer interaction. Furthermore, the interlayer interaction can be further tuned by tensile strain and charge doping. Specifically, under large tensile strain, most stacking structures exhibit FM interlayer interactions. Conversely, under heavy electron doping, all stacking structures exhibit AFM interlayer interactions. These findings are useful for designing spintronic devices based on CrSe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Yang
- Center for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Xie
- Center for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Yang
- Center for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglei Li
- Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Fawei Zheng
- Center for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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4
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Bian K, Zheng W, Chen X, Zhang S, Stöhr R, Denisenko A, Yang S, Wrachtrup J, Jiang Y. A scanning probe microscope compatible with quantum sensing at ambient conditions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:053707. [PMID: 38819258 DOI: 10.1063/5.0202756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
We designed and built up a new type of ambient scanning probe microscope (SPM), which is fully compatible with state-of-the-art quantum sensing technology based on the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We chose a qPlus-type tuning fork (Q up to ∼4400) as the current/force sensor of SPM for its high stiffness and stability under various environments, which yields atomic resolution under scanning tunneling microscopy mode and 1.2-nm resolution under atomic force microscopy mode. The tip of SPM can be used to directly image the topography of nanoscale targets on diamond surfaces for quantum sensing and to manipulate the electrostatic environment of NV centers to enhance their sensitivity up to a single proton spin. In addition, we also demonstrated scanning magnetometry and electrometry with a spatial resolution of ∼20 nm. Our new system not only paves the way for integrating atomic/molecular-scale color-center qubits onto SPM tips to produce quantum tips but also provides the possibility of fabricating color-center qubits with nanoscale or atomic precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Bian
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wentian Zheng
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiakun Chen
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rainer Stöhr
- Third Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Andrej Denisenko
- Third Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jörg Wrachtrup
- Third Institute of Physics, University of Stuttgart and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Ying Jiang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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5
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Shen L, Xiao D, Cao T. Proximity-Induced Exchange Interaction: A New Pathway for Quantum Sensing Using Spin Centers in Hexagonal Boron Nitride. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4359-4366. [PMID: 38619851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), a two-dimensional van der Waals material, have attracted a great deal of interest because of its potential in various quantum applications. Due to hBN's two-dimensional nature, the spin center in hBN can be engineered in the proximity of the target material, providing advantages over its three-dimensional counterparts, such as the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. Here we propose a novel quantum sensing protocol driven by exchange interaction between the spin center in hBN and the underlying magnetic substrate induced by the magnetic proximity effect. By first-principles calculation, we demonstrate that the induced exchange interaction dominates over the dipole-dipole interaction by orders of magnitude when in the proximity. The interaction remains antiferromagnetic across all stacking configurations between the spin center in hBN and the target van der Waals magnets. Additionally, we explored the scaling behavior of the exchange field as a function of the spatial separation between the spin center and the targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingnan Shen
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, United States
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
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6
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Zhang J, Xiao Y, Li K, Chen Y, Liu S, Luo W, Liu X, Liu S, Wang Y, Li SY, Pan A. Microscopy aided detection of the self-intercalation mechanism and in situ electronic properties in chromium selenide. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:8028-8035. [PMID: 38546273 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00048j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) chromium-based self-intercalated materials Cr1+nX2 (0 ≤ n ≤ 1, X = S, Se, Te) have attracted much attention because of their tunable magnetism with good environmental stability. Intriguingly, the magnetic and electrical properties of the materials can be effectively tuned by altering the coverage and spatial arrangement of the intercalated Cr (ic-Cr) within the van der Waals gap, contributing to different stoichiometries. Several different Cr1+nX2 systems have been widely investigated recently; however, those with the same stoichiometric ratio (such as Cr1.25Te2) were reported to exhibit disparate magnetic properties, which still lacks explanation. Therefore, a systematic in situ study of the mechanisms with microscopy techniques is in high demand to look into the origin of these discrepancies. Herein, 2D self-intercalated Cr1+nSe2 nanoflakes were synthesized as a platform to conduct the characterization. Combining scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we studied in depth the microscopic structure and local electronic properties of the Cr1+nSe2 nanoflakes. The self-intercalation mechanism of ic-Cr and local stoichiometric-ratio variation in a Cr1+nSe2 ultrathin nanoflake is clearly detected at the nanometer scale. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements indicate that Cr1.5Se2/Cr2Se2 and Cr1.25Se2 exhibit conductive and semiconductive behaviors, respectively. The STM tip manipulation method is further applied to manipulate the microstructure of Cr1+nSe2, which successfully produces clean zigzag-type boundaries. Our systematic microscopy study paves the way for the in-depth study of the magnetic mechanism of 2D self-intercalated magnets at the nano/micro scale and the development of new magnetic and spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinding Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yulong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaihui Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Songlong Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Luo
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueying Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiying Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiliu Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China.
- Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation, Hunan University, Guangzhou 511300, People's Republic of China
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China.
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Kumar J, Yudilevich D, Smooha A, Zohar I, Pariari AK, Stöhr R, Denisenko A, Hücker M, Finkler A. Room Temperature Relaxometry of Single Nitrogen Vacancy Centers in Proximity to α-RuCl 3 Nanoflakes. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24. [PMID: 38588382 PMCID: PMC11057446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen vacancy (NV) center-based magnetometry has been proven to be a versatile sensor for various classes of magnetic materials in broad temperature and frequency ranges. Here, we use the longitudinal relaxation time T1 of single NV centers to investigate the spin dynamics of nanometer-thin flakes of α-RuCl3 at room temperature. We observe a significant reduction in the T1 in the presence of α-RuCl3 in the proximity of NVs, which we attribute to paramagnetic spin noise confined in the 2D hexagonal planes. Furthermore, the T1 time exhibits a monotonic increase with an applied magnetic field. We associate this trend with the alteration of the spin and charge noise in α-RuCl3 under an external magnetic field. These findings suggest that the influence of the spin dynamics of α-RuCl3 on the T1 of the NV center can be used to gain information about the material itself and the technique to be used on other 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Kumar
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dan Yudilevich
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ariel Smooha
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Inbar Zohar
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Arnab K. Pariari
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute
of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rainer Stöhr
- 3rd
Institute of Physics, IQST and ZAQuant, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrej Denisenko
- 3rd
Institute of Physics, IQST and ZAQuant, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Hücker
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute
of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amit Finkler
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
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8
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Mattiat H, Schneider L, Reiser P, Poggio M, Sahafi P, Jordan A, Budakian R, Averyanov DV, Sokolov IS, Taldenkov AN, Parfenov OE, Kondratev OA, Tokmachev AM, Storchak VG. Mapping the phase-separated state in a 2D magnet. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5302-5312. [PMID: 38372414 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06550b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Intrinsic 2D magnets have recently been established as a playground for studies on fundamentals of magnetism, quantum phases, and spintronic applications. The inherent instability at low dimensionality often results in coexistence and/or competition of different magnetic orders. Such instability of magnetic ordering may manifest itself as phase-separated states. In 4f 2D materials, magnetic phase separation is expressed in various experiments; however, the experimental evidence is circumstantial. Here, we employ a high-sensitivity MFM technique to probe the spatial distribution of magnetic states in the paradigmatic 4f 2D ferromagnet EuGe2. Below the ferromagnetic transition temperature, we discover the phase-separated state and follow its evolution with temperature and magnetic field. The characteristic length-scale of magnetic domains amounts to hundreds of nanometers. These observations strongly shape our understanding of the magnetic states in 2D materials at the monolayer limit and contribute to engineering of ultra-compact spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinrich Mattiat
- Department of Physics & Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Lukas Schneider
- Department of Physics & Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Reiser
- Department of Physics & Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Martino Poggio
- Department of Physics & Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Pardis Sahafi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Andrew Jordan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Raffi Budakian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dmitry V Averyanov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ivan S Sokolov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander N Taldenkov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Oleg E Parfenov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Oleg A Kondratev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey M Tokmachev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vyacheslav G Storchak
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia.
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9
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Wang J, Cheng F, Sun Y, Xu H, Cao L. Stacking engineering in layered homostructures: transitioning from 2D to 3D architectures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7988-8012. [PMID: 38380525 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04656g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Artificial materials, characterized by their distinctive properties and customized functionalities, occupy a central role in a wide range of applications including electronics, spintronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, and energy storage. The emergence of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials has driven the creation of artificial heterostructures, harnessing the potential of combining various 2D building blocks with complementary properties through the art of stacking engineering. The promising outcomes achieved for heterostructures have spurred an inquisitive exploration of homostructures, where identical 2D layers are precisely stacked. This perspective primarily focuses on the field of stacking engineering within layered homostructures, where precise control over translational or rotational degrees of freedom between vertically stacked planes or layers is paramount. In particular, we provide an overview of recent advancements in the stacking engineering applied to 2D homostructures. Additionally, we will shed light on research endeavors venturing into three-dimensional (3D) structures, which allow us to proactively address the limitations associated with artificial 2D homostructures. We anticipate that the breakthroughs in stacking engineering in 3D materials will provide valuable insights into the mechanisms governing stacking effects. Such advancements have the potential to unlock the full capability of artificial layered homostructures, propelling the future development of materials, physics, and device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Wang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics & Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
| | - Hai Xu
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics & Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liang Cao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China.
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10
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Xie B, Wu J, Mei J, Zhu S, Zhang R, Gu F, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Cai X. Resonant Tunneling-Enhanced Photoresponsivity in a Twisted Graphene van der Waals Heterostructure. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2870-2875. [PMID: 38407933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Leveraging its ultrahigh carrier mobility, zero-bandgap linear dispersion, and extremely short response time, graphene exhibits remarkable potential in ultrafast broad-band photodetection. Nonetheless, the inherently low responsivity of graphene photodetectors, due to the low photogenerated carrier density, significantly impedes the development of practical devices. In this study, we present an improved photoresponse within a graphene-hexagonal boron nitride-graphene vertical tunnel junction device, where the crystallographic orientation of the two graphene electrodes is aligned. Through meticulous device structure design and the adjustment of bias and gate voltages, we observe a 2 orders of magnitude increase in tunneling photocurrent, which is attributed to the momentum-conserving resonant electron tunneling. The enhanced external photoresponsivity is evident across a wide temperature and spectral range and achieves 0.7 A/W for visible light excitation. This characteristic, coupled with the device's negative differential conductance, suggests a novel avenue for highly efficient photodetection and high-frequency, logic-based optoelectronics using van der Waals heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghe Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Junning Mei
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangxing Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruan Zhang
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifan Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-00044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-00044, Japan
| | - Xinghan Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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11
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Sun X, Suriyage M, Khan AR, Gao M, Zhao J, Liu B, Hasan MM, Rahman S, Chen RS, Lam PK, Lu Y. Twisted van der Waals Quantum Materials: Fundamentals, Tunability, and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1992-2079. [PMID: 38335114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Twisted van der Waals (vdW) quantum materials have emerged as a rapidly developing field of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. These materials establish a new central research area and provide a promising platform for studying quantum phenomena and investigating the engineering of novel optoelectronic properties such as single photon emission, nonlinear optical response, magnon physics, and topological superconductivity. These captivating electronic and optical properties result from, and can be tailored by, the interlayer coupling using moiré patterns formed by vertically stacking atomic layers with controlled angle misorientation or lattice mismatch. Their outstanding properties and the high degree of tunability position them as compelling building blocks for both compact quantum-enabled devices and classical optoelectronics. This paper offers a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the understanding and manipulation of twisted van der Waals structures and presents a survey of the state-of-the-art research on moiré superlattices, encompassing interdisciplinary interests. It delves into fundamental theories, synthesis and fabrication, and visualization techniques, and the wide range of novel physical phenomena exhibited by these structures, with a focus on their potential for practical device integration in applications ranging from quantum information to biosensors, and including classical optoelectronics such as modulators, light emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. It highlights the unique ability of moiré superlattices to connect multiple disciplines, covering chemistry, electronics, optics, photonics, magnetism, topological and quantum physics. This comprehensive review provides a valuable resource for researchers interested in moiré superlattices, shedding light on their fundamental characteristics and their potential for transformative applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Sun
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Manuka Suriyage
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ahmed Raza Khan
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (Rachna College Campus), Gujranwala, Lahore 54700, Pakistan
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Quantum Science & Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Boqing Liu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Sharidya Rahman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ruo-Si Chen
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Department of Quantum Science & Technology, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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12
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Fox C, Mao Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Xiao J. Stacking Order Engineering of Two-Dimensional Materials and Device Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1862-1898. [PMID: 38150266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Stacking orders in 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials dictate the relative sliding (lateral displacement) and twisting (rotation) between atomically thin layers. By altering the stacking order, many new ferroic, strongly correlated and topological orderings emerge with exotic electrical, optical and magnetic properties. Thanks to the weak vdW interlayer bonding, such highly flexible and energy-efficient stacking order engineering has transformed the design of quantum properties in 2D vdW materials, unleashing the potential for miniaturized high-performance device applications in electronics, spintronics, photonics, and surface chemistry. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of stacking order engineering in 2D vdW materials and their device applications, ranging from the typical fabrication and characterization methods to the novel physical properties and the emergent slidetronics and twistronics device prototyping. The main emphasis is on the critical role of stacking orders affecting the interlayer charge transfer, orbital coupling and flat band formation for the design of innovative materials with on-demand quantum properties and surface potentials. By demonstrating a correlation between the stacking configurations and device functionality, we highlight their implications for next-generation electronic, photonic and chemical energy conversion devices. We conclude with our perspective of this exciting field including challenges and opportunities for future stacking order engineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter Fox
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yulu Mao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Faculty of Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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13
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Li S, Liu T, Liu C, Wang Y, Lu HZ, Xie XC. Progress on the antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi 2Te 4. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwac296. [PMID: 38213528 PMCID: PMC10776361 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Topological materials, which feature robust surface and/or edge states, have now been a research focus in condensed matter physics. They represent a new class of materials exhibiting nontrivial topological phases, and provide a platform for exploring exotic transport phenomena, such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect and the quantum spin Hall effect. Recently, magnetic topological materials have attracted considerable interests due to the possibility to study the interplay between topological and magnetic orders. In particular, the quantum anomalous Hall and axion insulator phases can be realized in topological insulators with magnetic order. MnBi2Te4, as the first intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulator discovered, allows the examination of existing theoretical predictions; it has been extensively studied, and many new discoveries have been made. Here we review the progress made on MnBi2Te4 from both experimental and theoretical aspects. The bulk crystal and magnetic structures are surveyed first, followed by a review of theoretical calculations and experimental probes on the band structure and surface states, and a discussion of various exotic phases that can be realized in MnBi2Te4. The properties of MnBi2Te4 thin films and the corresponding transport studies are then reviewed, with an emphasis on the edge state transport. Possible future research directions in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Guangdong), Shenzhen 518045, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Guangdong), Shenzhen 518045, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yayu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hai-Zhou Lu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Guangdong), Shenzhen 518045, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - X C Xie
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
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14
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Wang L. Beyond moiré in twisted two-dimensional magnets. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:174-175. [PMID: 38123816 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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15
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Boix-Constant C, Jenkins S, Rama-Eiroa R, Santos EJG, Mañas-Valero S, Coronado E. Multistep magnetization switching in orthogonally twisted ferromagnetic monolayers. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:212-218. [PMID: 38036623 PMCID: PMC10837074 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The advent of twist engineering in two-dimensional crystals enables the design of van der Waals heterostructures with emergent properties. In the case of magnets, this approach can afford artificial antiferromagnets with tailored spin arrangements. Here we fabricate an orthogonally twisted bilayer by twisting two CrSBr ferromagnetic monolayers with an easy-axis in-plane spin anisotropy by 90°. The magnetotransport properties reveal multistep magnetization switching with a magnetic hysteresis opening, which is absent in the pristine case. By tuning the magnetic field, we modulate the remanent state and coercivity and select between hysteretic and non-hysteretic magnetoresistance scenarios. This complexity pinpoints spin anisotropy as a key aspect in twisted magnetic superlattices. Our results highlight control over the magnetic properties in van der Waals heterostructures, leading to a variety of field-induced phenomena and opening a fruitful playground for creating desired magnetic symmetries and manipulating non-collinear magnetic configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Boix-Constant
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) - Universitat de València, Paterna, Spain
| | - Sarah Jenkins
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ricardo Rama-Eiroa
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Elton J G Santos
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) - Universitat de València, Paterna, Spain.
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) - Universitat de València, Paterna, Spain.
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16
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Akram M, Kapeghian J, Das J, Valentí R, Botana AS, Erten O. Theory of Moiré Magnetism in Twisted Bilayer α-RuCl 3. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:890-896. [PMID: 38198643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Motivated by the recent developments in moiré superlattices of van der Waals magnets and the desire to control the magnetic interactions of α-RuCl3, here we present a comprehensive theory of the long-range ordered magnetic phases of twisted bilayer α-RuCl3. Using a combination of first-principles calculations and atomistic simulations, we show that the stacking-dependent interlayer exchange gives rise to an array of magnetic phases that can be realized by controlling the twist angle. In particular, we discover a complex hexagonal domain structure in which multiple zigzag orders coexist. This multidomain order minimizes the interlayer energy while enduring the energy cost due to domain wall formation. Further, we show that quantum fluctuations can be enhanced across the phase transitions. Our results indicate that magnetic frustration due to stacking-dependent interlayer exchange in moiré superlattices can be exploited to tune quantum fluctuations and the magnetic ground state of α-RuCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akram
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Department of Physics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Jesse Kapeghian
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Jyotirish Das
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Roser Valentí
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Antia S Botana
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Onur Erten
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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17
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Kim KM, Go G, Park MJ, Kim SK. Emergence of Stable Meron Quartets in Twisted Magnets. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:74-81. [PMID: 38148280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of twist engineering in easy-axis magnetic systems has revealed remarkable potential for generating topological spin textures. Implementing twist engineering in easy-plane magnets, we introduce a novel approach to achieving fractional topological spin textures, such as merons. Through atomistic spin simulations on twisted bilayer magnets, we demonstrate the formation of a stable double Meron pair, which we refer to as the "Meron Quartet" (MQ). Unlike a single pair, the merons within the MQ exhibit exceptional stability against pair annihilation due to the protective localization mechanism induced by the twist that prevents collision of the Meron cores. Furthermore, we showcase that the stability of the MQ can be enhanced by adjusting the twist angle, resulting in an increased resistance to external perturbations such as external magnetic fields. Our findings highlight the twisted magnet as a promising platform for achieving merons as stable magnetic quasiparticles in van der Waals magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Min Kim
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyungchoon Go
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Jip Park
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Kwon Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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18
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Yang S, Xu X, Han B, Gu P, Guzman R, Song Y, Lin Z, Gao P, Zhou W, Yang J, Chen Z, Ye Y. Controlling the 2D Magnetism of CrBr 3 by van der Waals Stacking Engineering. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:28184-28190. [PMID: 38096486 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic order is of significant importance to facilitate future 2D magnets for low-power and high-speed spintronic devices. van der Waals stacking engineering makes promises for controllable magnetism via interlayer magnetic coupling. However, directly examining the stacking order changes accompanying magnetic order transitions at the atomic scale and preparing device-ready 2D magnets with controllable magnetic orders remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate the effective control of interlayer stacking in exfoliated CrBr3 via thermally assisted strain engineering. The stable interlayer ferromagnetic (FM), antiferromagnetic (AFM), and FM-AFM coexistent ground states confirmed by the magnetic circular dichroism measurements are realized. Combined with the first-principles calculations, the atomically resolved imaging technique reveals the correlation between magnetic order and interlayer stacking order in CrBr3 flakes unambiguously. A tunable exchange bias effect is obtained in the mixed phase of FM and AFM states. This work will introduce new magnetic properties by controlling the stacking order and sequence of 2D magnets, providing ample opportunities for their application in spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bo Han
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pingfan Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Roger Guzman
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiwen Song
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongchong Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zuxin Chen
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, China
- Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110167, China
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19
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McLaughlin N, Li S, Brock JA, Zhang S, Lu H, Huang M, Xiao Y, Zhou J, Tserkovnyak Y, Fullerton EE, Wang H, Du CR. Local Control of a Single Nitrogen-Vacancy Center by Nanoscale Engineered Magnetic Domain Wall Motion. ACS NANO 2023; 17:25689-25696. [PMID: 38050827 PMCID: PMC10753891 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective control and readout of qubits form the technical foundation of next-generation, transformative quantum information sciences and technologies. The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center, an intrinsic three-level spin system, is naturally relevant in this context due to its excellent quantum coherence, high fidelity of operations, and remarkable functionality over a broad range of experimental conditions. It is an active contender for the development and implementation of cutting-edge quantum technologies. Here, we report magnetic domain wall motion driven local control and measurements of the NV spin properties. By engineering the local magnetic field environment of an NV center via nanoscale reconfigurable domain wall motion, we show that NV photoluminescence, spin level energies, and coherence time can be reliably controlled and correlated to the magneto-transport response of a magnetic device. Our results highlight the electrically tunable dipole interaction between NV centers and nanoscale magnetic structures, providing an attractive platform to realize interactive information transfer between spin qubits and nonvolatile magnetic memory in hybrid quantum spintronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan
J. McLaughlin
- Department
of Physics, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Senlei Li
- School of
Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Brock
- Center
for
Memory and Recording Research, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0401, United States
| | - Shu Zhang
- Max Planck
Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Hanyi Lu
- Department
of Physics, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Mengqi Huang
- School of
Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yuxuan Xiao
- Center
for
Memory and Recording Research, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0401, United States
| | - Jingcheng Zhou
- School of
Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yaroslav Tserkovnyak
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Eric E. Fullerton
- Center
for
Memory and Recording Research, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0401, United States
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of
Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Chunhui Rita Du
- Department
of Physics, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- School of
Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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20
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Monge R, Delord T, Thiering G, Gali Á, Meriles CA. Resonant Versus Nonresonant Spin Readout of a Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond under Cryogenic Conditions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:236901. [PMID: 38134790 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.236901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has seen an explosive growth in the use of color centers for metrology applications, the paradigm example arguably being the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Here, we focus on the regime of cryogenic temperatures and examine the impact of spin-selective, narrow-band laser excitation on NV readout. Specifically, we demonstrate a more than fourfold improvement in sensitivity compared to that possible with nonresonant (green) illumination, largely due to a boost in readout contrast and integrated photon count. We also leverage nuclear spin relaxation under resonant excitation to polarize the ^{14}N host, which we then prove beneficial for spin magnetometry. These results open opportunities in the application of NV sensing to the investigation of condensed matter systems, particularly those exhibiting superconducting, magnetic, or topological phases selectively present at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Monge
- Department of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
- CUNY-Graduate Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Tom Delord
- Department of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Gergő Thiering
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Gali
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Atomic Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Carlos A Meriles
- Department of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
- CUNY-Graduate Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
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21
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Strasdas J, Pestka B, Rybak M, Budniak AK, Leuth N, Boban H, Feyer V, Cojocariu I, Baranowski D, Avila J, Dudin P, Bostwick A, Jozwiak C, Rotenberg E, Autieri C, Amouyal Y, Plucinski L, Lifshitz E, Birowska M, Morgenstern M. Electronic Band Structure Changes across the Antiferromagnetic Phase Transition of Exfoliated MnPS 3 Flakes Probed by μ-ARPES. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10342-10349. [PMID: 37922394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Exfoliated magnetic 2D materials enable versatile tuning of magnetization, e.g., by gating or providing proximity-induced exchange interaction. However, their electronic band structure after exfoliation has not been probed, presumably due to their photochemical sensitivity. Here, we provide micrometer-scale angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of the exfoliated intralayer antiferromagnet MnPS3 above and below the Néel temperature down to one monolayer. Favorable comparison with density functional theory calculations enables identifying the orbital character of the observed bands. Consistently, we find pronounced changes across the Néel temperature for bands consisting of Mn 3d and 3p levels of adjacent S atoms. The deduced orbital mixture indicates that the superexchange is relevant for the magnetic interaction. There are only minor changes between monolayer and thicker films, demonstrating the predominant 2D character of MnPS3. The novel access is transferable to other MPX3 materials (M: transition metal, P: phosphorus, X: chalcogenide), providing several antiferromagnetic arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Strasdas
- II. Institute of Physics B and JARA-FIT, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Pestka
- II. Institute of Physics B and JARA-FIT, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Miłosz Rybak
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, WybrzeŻe Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam K Budniak
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute and Helen Diller Quantum Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Niklas Leuth
- II. Institute of Physics B and JARA-FIT, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Honey Boban
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Vitaliy Feyer
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Iulia Cojocariu
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Daniel Baranowski
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - José Avila
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, BP48, Gif sur Yvette, Paris F91192, France
| | - Pavel Dudin
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, BP48, Gif sur Yvette, Paris F91192, France
| | - Aaron Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chris Jozwiak
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eli Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Carmine Autieri
- International Research Centre MagTop, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yaron Amouyal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Lukasz Plucinski
- Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute and Helen Diller Quantum Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Magdalena Birowska
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura St. 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Markus Morgenstern
- II. Institute of Physics B and JARA-FIT, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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22
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Chen Z, Ding Z, Wang M, Yu P, Yang K, Sun Y, Wang P, Wang Y, Shi F, Bao X, Du J. A convenient and robust design for diamond-based scanning probe microscopes. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:113703. [PMID: 37947500 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond have been developed as a sensitive magnetic sensor and broadly applied on condensed matter physics. We present a design of a scanning probe microscope based on a nitrogen-vacancy center that can operate under various experimental conditions, including a broad temperature range (20-500 K) and a high-vacuum condition (1 × 10-7 mbar). The design of a compact and robust scanning head and vacuum chamber system is presented, which ensures system stability while enabling the convenience of equipment operations. By showcasing the temperature control performance and presenting confocal images of a single-layer graphene and a diamond probe, along with images of a ferromagnetic strip and an epitaxial BiFeO3 film on the SrTiO3 substrate, we demonstrate the reliability of the instrument. Our study proposes a method and a corresponding design for this microscope that extends its potential applications in nanomagnetism and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhousheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhe Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kai Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yumeng Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Ya Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Fazhan Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinhe Bao
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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23
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Zur Y, Noah A, Boix-Constant C, Mañas-Valero S, Fridman N, Rama-Eiroa R, Huber ME, Santos EJG, Coronado E, Anahory Y. Magnetic Imaging and Domain Nucleation in CrSBr Down to the 2D Limit. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2307195. [PMID: 37702506 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in 2D materials have revealed the potential of van der Waals magnets, and specifically of their magnetic anisotropy that allows applications down to the 2D limit. Among these materials, CrSBr has emerged as a promising candidate, because its intriguing magnetic and electronic properties have appeal for both fundamental and applied research in spintronics or magnonics. In this work, nano-SQUID-on-tip (SOT) microscopy is used to obtain direct magnetic imaging of CrSBr flakes with thicknesses ranging from monolayer (N = 1) to few-layer (N = 5). The ferromagnetic order is preserved down to the monolayer, while the antiferromagnetic coupling of the layers starts from the bilayer case. For odd layers, at zero applied magnetic field, the stray field resulting from the uncompensated layer is directly imaged. The progressive spin reorientation along the out-of-plane direction (hard axis) is also measured with a finite applied magnetic field, allowing evaluation of the anisotropy constant, which remains stable down to the monolayer and is close to the bulk value. Finally, by selecting the applied magnetic field protocol, the formation of Néel magnetic domain walls is observed down to the single-layer limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishay Zur
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Avia Noah
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Carla Boix-Constant
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, 46980, Spain
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, 46980, Spain
| | - Nofar Fridman
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Ricardo Rama-Eiroa
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH93FD, UK
| | - Martin E Huber
- Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80217, USA
| | - Elton J G Santos
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Basque Country, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH93FD, UK
- Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH93FD, UK
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, 46980, Spain
| | - Yonathan Anahory
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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24
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Liu S, Malik IA, Zhang VL, Yu T. Lightning the Spin: Harnessing the Potential of 2D Magnets in Opto-Spintronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2306920. [PMID: 37905890 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of 2D magnets in 2017, the diversity of these materials has greatly expanded. Their 2D nature (atomic-scale thickness) endows these magnets with strong magnetic anisotropy, layer-dependent and switchable magnetic order, and quantum-confined quasiparticles, which distinguish them from conventional 3D magnetic materials. Moreover, the 2D geometry facilitates light incidence for opto-spintronic applications and potential on-chip integration. In analogy to optoelectronics based on optical-electronic interactions, opto-spintronics use light-spin interactions to process spin information stored in the solid state. In this review, opto-spintronics is divided into three types with respect to the wavelengths of radiation interacting with 2D magnets: 1) GHz (microwave) to THz (mid-infrared), 2) visible, and 3) UV to X-rays. It is focused on the recent research advancements on the newly discovered mechanisms of light-spin interactions in 2D magnets and introduces the potential design of novel opto-spintronic applications based on these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | | | - Vanessa Li Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ting Yu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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25
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Jiao C, Pei S, Wu S, Wang Z, Xia J. Tuning and exploiting interlayer coupling in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2023; 86:114503. [PMID: 37774692 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/acfe89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials can stack into new material systems, with van der Waals (vdW) interaction between the adjacent constituent layers. This stacking process of 2D atomic layers creates a new degree of freedom-interlayer interface between two adjacent layers-that can be independently studied and tuned from the intralayer degree of freedom. In such heterostructures (HSs), the physical properties are largely determined by the vdW interaction between the individual layers,i.e.interlayer coupling, which can be effectively tuned by a number of means. In this review, we summarize and discuss a number of such approaches, including stacking order, electric field, intercalation, and pressure, with both their experimental demonstrations and theoretical predictions. A comprehensive overview of the modulation on structural, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties by these four approaches are also presented. We conclude this review by discussing several prospective research directions in 2D HSs field, including fundamental physics study, property tuning techniques, and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyin Jiao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghai Pei
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenghui Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xia
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
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26
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Kim D, Pandey J, Jeong J, Cho W, Lee S, Cho S, Yang H. Phase Engineering of 2D Materials. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11230-11268. [PMID: 37589590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphic 2D materials allow structural and electronic phase engineering, which can be used to realize energy-efficient, cost-effective, and scalable device applications. The phase engineering covers not only conventional structural and metal-insulator transitions but also magnetic states, strongly correlated band structures, and topological phases in rich 2D materials. The methods used for the local phase engineering of 2D materials include various optical, geometrical, and chemical processes as well as traditional thermodynamic approaches. In this Review, we survey the precise manipulation of local phases and phase patterning of 2D materials, particularly with ideal and versatile phase interfaces for electronic and energy device applications. Polymorphic 2D materials and diverse quantum materials with their layered, vertical, and lateral geometries are discussed with an emphasis on the role and use of their phase interfaces. Various phase interfaces have demonstrated superior and unique performance in electronic and energy devices. The phase patterning leads to novel homo- and heterojunction structures of 2D materials with low-dimensional phase boundaries, which highlights their potential for technological breakthroughs in future electronic, quantum, and energy devices. Accordingly, we encourage researchers to investigate and exploit phase patterning in emerging 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Juhi Pandey
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Juyeong Jeong
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Woohyun Cho
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seungyeon Lee
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Suyeon Cho
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Heejun Yang
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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27
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Cham TMJ, Dorrian RJ, Zhang XS, Dismukes AH, Chica DG, May AF, Roy X, Muller DA, Ralph DC, Luo YK. Exchange Bias Between van der Waals Materials: Tilted Magnetic States and Field-Free Spin-Orbit-Torque Switching. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305739. [PMID: 37800466 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic van der Waals heterostructures provide a unique platform to study magnetism and spintronics device concepts in the 2D limit. Here, studies of exchange bias from the van der Waals antiferromagnet CrSBr acting on the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3 GeTe2 (FGT) are reported. The orientation of the exchange bias is along the in-plane easy axis of CrSBr, perpendicular to the out-of-plane anisotropy of the FGT, inducing a strongly tilted magnetic configuration in the FGT. Furthermore, the in-plane exchange bias provides sufficient symmetry breaking to allow deterministic spin-orbit torque switching of the FGT in CrSBr/FGT/Pt samples at zero applied magnetic field. A minimum thickness of the CrSBr of >10 nm is needed to provide a non-zero exchange bias at 30 K.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Avalon H Dismukes
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Daniel G Chica
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Andrew F May
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - David A Muller
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Daniel C Ralph
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yunqiu Kelly Luo
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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28
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Liu P, Zhang Y, Li K, Li Y, Pu Y. Recent advances in 2D van der Waals magnets: Detection, modulation, and applications. iScience 2023; 26:107584. [PMID: 37664598 PMCID: PMC10470320 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals magnets provides an exciting platform for exploring magnetism in the monolayer limit. Exotic quantum phenomena and significant potential for spintronic applications are demonstrated in 2D magnetic crystals and heterostructures, which offer unprecedented possibilities in advanced formation technology with low power and high efficiency. In this review, we summarize recent advances in 2D van der Waals magnetic crystals. We focus mainly on van der Waals materials of truly 2D nature with intrinsic magnetism. The detection methods of 2D magnetic materials are first introduced in detail. Subsequently, the effective strategies to modulate the magnetic behavior of 2D magnets (e.g., Curie temperature, magnetic anisotropy, magnetic exchange interaction) are presented. Then, we list the applications of 2D magnets in the spintronic devices. We also highlight current challenges and broad space for the development of 2D magnets in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- School of Science & New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, CAS Key Lab of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kehan Li
- School of Science & New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongde Li
- School of Science & New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Pu
- School of Science & New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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29
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Huang M, Green JC, Zhou J, Williams V, Li S, Lu H, Djugba D, Wang H, Flebus B, Ni N, Du CR. Layer-Dependent Magnetism and Spin Fluctuations in Atomically Thin van der Waals Magnet CrPS 4. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8099-8105. [PMID: 37656017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals (vdW) magnets, an emerging family of two-dimensional (2D) materials, have received tremendous attention due to their rich fundamental physics and significant potential for cutting-edge technological applications. In contrast to the conventional bulk counterparts, vdW magnets exhibit significant tunability of local material properties, such as stacking engineered interlayer coupling and layer-number dependent magnetic and electronic interactions, which promise to deliver previously unavailable merits to develop multifunctional microelectronic devices. As a further ingredient of this emerging topic, here we report nanoscale quantum sensing and imaging of the atomically thin vdW magnet chromium thiophosphate CrPS4, revealing its characteristic layer-dependent 2D static magnetism and dynamic spin fluctuations. We also show a large tunneling magnetoresistance in CrPS4-based spin filter vdW heterostructures. The excellent material stability and robust strategy against environmental degradation in combination with tailored magnetic properties highlight the potential of CrPS4 in developing state-of-the-art 2D spintronic devices for next-generation information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Huang
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jazmine C Green
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jingcheng Zhou
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Violet Williams
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Senlei Li
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hanyi Lu
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dziga Djugba
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Hailong Wang
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Benedetta Flebus
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Ni Ni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chunhui Rita Du
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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30
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Högen M, Fujita R, Tan AKC, Geim A, Pitts M, Li Z, Guo Y, Stefan L, Hesjedal T, Atatüre M. Imaging Nucleation and Propagation of Pinned Domains in Few-Layer Fe 5-xGeTe 2. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16879-16885. [PMID: 37642321 PMCID: PMC10510720 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Engineering nontrivial spin textures in magnetic van der Waals materials is highly desirable for spintronic applications based on hybrid heterostructures. The recent observation of labyrinth and bubble domains in the near room-temperature ferromagnet Fe5-xGeTe2 down to a bilayer thickness was thus a significant advancement toward van der Waals-based many-body physics. However, the physical mechanism responsible for stabilizing these domains remains unclear and requires further investigation. Here, we combine cryogenic scanning diamond quantum magnetometry and field reversal techniques to elucidate the high-field propagation and nucleation of bubble domains in trilayer Fe5-xGeTe2. We provide evidence of pinning-induced nucleation of magnetic bubbles and further show an unexpectedly high layer-dependent coercive field. These measurements can be easily extended to a wide range of magnetic materials to provide valuable nanoscale insight into domain processes critical for spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Högen
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Ryuji Fujita
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United
Kingdom
| | - Anthony K. C. Tan
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Geim
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Michael Pitts
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Zhengxian Li
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yanfeng Guo
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lucio Stefan
- Center
for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels
Bohr Institute, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorsten Hesjedal
- Clarendon
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United
Kingdom
| | - Mete Atatüre
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
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31
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Huang M, Sun Z, Yan G, Xie H, Agarwal N, Ye G, Sung SH, Lu H, Zhou J, Yan S, Tian S, Lei H, Hovden R, He R, Wang H, Zhao L, Du CR. Revealing intrinsic domains and fluctuations of moiré magnetism by a wide-field quantum microscope. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5259. [PMID: 37644000 PMCID: PMC10465594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Moiré magnetism featured by stacking engineered atomic registry and lattice interactions has recently emerged as an appealing quantum state of matter at the forefront of condensed matter physics research. Nanoscale imaging of moiré magnets is highly desirable and serves as a prerequisite to investigate a broad range of intriguing physics underlying the interplay between topology, electronic correlations, and unconventional nanomagnetism. Here we report spin defect-based wide-field imaging of magnetic domains and spin fluctuations in twisted double trilayer (tDT) chromium triiodide CrI3. We explicitly show that intrinsic moiré domains of opposite magnetizations appear over arrays of moiré supercells in low-twist-angle tDT CrI3. In contrast, spin fluctuations measured in tDT CrI3 manifest little spatial variations on the same mesoscopic length scale due to the dominant driving force of intralayer exchange interaction. Our results enrich the current understanding of exotic magnetic phases sustained by moiré magnetism and highlight the opportunities provided by quantum spin sensors in probing microscopic spin related phenomena on two-dimensional flatland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Huang
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Zeliang Sun
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gerald Yan
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hongchao Xie
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nishkarsh Agarwal
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gaihua Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Suk Hyun Sung
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hanyi Lu
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jingcheng Zhou
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Shaohua Yan
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials MicroNano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Shangjie Tian
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials MicroNano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hechang Lei
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials MicroNano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Robert Hovden
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rui He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Liuyan Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Chunhui Rita Du
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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32
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Ernst S, Scheidegger PJ, Diesch S, Lorenzelli L, Degen CL. Temperature Dependence of Photoluminescence Intensity and Spin Contrast in Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:086903. [PMID: 37683157 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.086903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on measurements of the photoluminescence properties of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond at temperatures between 4 K and 300 K. We observe a strong reduction of the PL intensity and spin contrast between ca. 10 K and 100 K that recovers to high levels below and above. Further, we find a rich dependence on magnetic bias field and crystal strain. We develop a comprehensive model based on spin mixing and orbital hopping in the electronic excited state that quantitatively explains the observations. Beyond a more complete understanding of the excited-state dynamics, our work provides a novel approach for probing electron-phonon interactions and a predictive tool for optimizing experimental conditions for quantum applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ernst
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P J Scheidegger
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Diesch
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Lorenzelli
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C L Degen
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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33
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Yao F, Multian V, Wang Z, Ubrig N, Teyssier J, Wu F, Giannini E, Gibertini M, Gutiérrez-Lezama I, Morpurgo AF. Multiple antiferromagnetic phases and magnetic anisotropy in exfoliated CrBr 3 multilayers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4969. [PMID: 37591960 PMCID: PMC10435511 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In twisted two-dimensional (2D) magnets, the stacking dependence of the magnetic exchange interaction can lead to regions of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interlayer order, separated by non-collinear, skyrmion-like spin textures. Recent experimental searches for these textures have focused on CrI3, known to exhibit either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic interlayer order, depending on layer stacking. However, the very strong uniaxial anisotropy of CrI3 disfavors smooth non-collinear phases in twisted bilayers. Here, we report the experimental observation of three distinct magnetic phases-one ferromagnetic and two antiferromagnetic-in exfoliated CrBr3 multilayers, and reveal that the uniaxial anisotropy is significantly smaller than in CrI3. These results are obtained by magnetoconductance measurements on CrBr3 tunnel barriers and Raman spectroscopy, in conjunction with density functional theory calculations, which enable us to identify the stackings responsible for the different interlayer magnetic couplings. The detection of all locally stable magnetic states predicted to exist in CrBr3 and the excellent agreement found between theory and experiments, provide complete information on the stacking-dependent interlayer exchange energy and establish twisted bilayer CrBr3 as an ideal system to deterministically create non-collinear magnetic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrui Yao
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Volodymyr Multian
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Advanced Materials Nonlinear Optical Diagnostics lab, Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 46 Nauky pr., 03028, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Zhe Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Nicolas Ubrig
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Teyssier
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Giannini
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marco Gibertini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, IT-41125, Modena, Italy
- Centro S3, CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze, IT-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Ignacio Gutiérrez-Lezama
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alberto F Morpurgo
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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34
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Wang H, Wen Y, Zeng H, Xiong Z, Tu Y, Zhu H, Cheng R, Yin L, Jiang J, Zhai B, Liu C, Shan C, He J. 2D Ferroic Materials for Nonvolatile Memory Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305044. [PMID: 37486859 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The emerging nonvolatile memory technologies based on ferroic materials are promising for producing high-speed, low-power, and high-density memory in the field of integrated circuits. Long-range ferroic orders observed in 2D materials have triggered extensive research interest in 2D magnets, 2D ferroelectrics, 2D multiferroics, and their device applications. Devices based on 2D ferroic materials and heterostructures with an atomically smooth interface and ultrathin thickness have exhibited impressive properties and significant potential for developing advanced nonvolatile memory. In this context, a systematic review of emergent 2D ferroic materials is conducted here, emphasizing their recent research on nonvolatile memory applications, with a view to proposing brighter prospects for 2D magnetic materials, 2D ferroelectric materials, 2D multiferroic materials, and their relevant devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ziren Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yangyuan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ruiqing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Baoxing Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chuansheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chongxin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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35
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Kim KM, Kiem DH, Bednik G, Han MJ, Park MJ. Ab Initio Spin Hamiltonian and Topological Noncentrosymmetric Magnetism in Twisted Bilayer CrI 3. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37367179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Twist engineering of van der Waals magnets has emerged as an outstanding platform for manipulating exotic magnetic states. However, the complicated form of spin interactions in the large moiré superlattice obstructs a concrete understanding of such spin systems. To tackle this problem, for the first time, we developed a generic ab initio spin Hamiltonian for twisted bilayer magnets. Our atomistic model reveals that strong AB sublattice symmetry breaking due to the twist introduces a promising route to realize the novel noncentrosymmetric magnetism. Several unprecedented features and phases are uncovered including the peculiar domain structure and skyrmion phase induced by noncentrosymmetricity. The diagram of those distinctive magnetic phases has been constructed, and the detailed nature of their transitions analyzed. Further, we established the topological band theory of moiré magnons relevant to each of these phases. By respecting the full lattice structure, our theory provides the characteristic features that can be detected in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Min Kim
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kiem
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Grigory Bednik
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Joon Han
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Jip Park
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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36
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Montblanch ARP, Barbone M, Aharonovich I, Atatüre M, Ferrari AC. Layered materials as a platform for quantum technologies. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41565-023-01354-x. [PMID: 37322143 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Layered materials are taking centre stage in the ever-increasing research effort to develop material platforms for quantum technologies. We are at the dawn of the era of layered quantum materials. Their optical, electronic, magnetic, thermal and mechanical properties make them attractive for most aspects of this global pursuit. Layered materials have already shown potential as scalable components, including quantum light sources, photon detectors and nanoscale sensors, and have enabled research of new phases of matter within the broader field of quantum simulations. In this Review we discuss opportunities and challenges faced by layered materials within the landscape of material platforms for quantum technologies. In particular, we focus on applications that rely on light-matter interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R-P Montblanch
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Barbone
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, (MCQST), Munich, Germany
- Walter Schottky Institut and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mete Atatüre
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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37
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Cui J, Boström EV, Ozerov M, Wu F, Jiang Q, Chu JH, Li C, Liu F, Xu X, Rubio A, Zhang Q. Chirality selective magnon-phonon hybridization and magnon-induced chiral phonons in a layered zigzag antiferromagnet. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3396. [PMID: 37296106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic systems possess versatile magnetic order and can host tunable magnons carrying spin angular momenta. Recent advances show angular momentum can also be carried by lattice vibrations in the form of chiral phonons. However, the interplay between magnons and chiral phonons as well as the details of chiral phonon formation in a magnetic system are yet to be explored. Here, we report the observation of magnon-induced chiral phonons and chirality selective magnon-phonon hybridization in a layered zigzag antiferromagnet (AFM) FePSe3. With a combination of magneto-infrared and magneto-Raman spectroscopy, we observe chiral magnon polarons (chiMP), the new hybridized quasiparticles, at zero magnetic field. The hybridization gap reaches 0.25 meV and survives down to the quadrilayer limit. Via first principle calculations, we uncover a coherent coupling between AFM magnons and chiral phonons with parallel angular momenta, which arises from the underlying phonon and space group symmetries. This coupling lifts the chiral phonon degeneracy and gives rise to an unusual Raman circular polarization of the chiMP branches. The observation of coherent chiral spin-lattice excitations at zero magnetic field paves the way for angular momentum-based hybrid phononic and magnonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cui
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Emil Viñas Boström
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mykhaylo Ozerov
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Fangliang Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianni Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jiun-Haw Chu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Changcun Li
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Fucai Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, The Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Qi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China.
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38
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Zhao S, Li Z, Huang X, Rupp A, Göser J, Vovk IA, Kruchinin SY, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Bilgin I, Baimuratov AS, Högele A. Excitons in mesoscopically reconstructed moiré heterostructures. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:572-579. [PMID: 36973398 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Moiré effects in vertical stacks of two-dimensional crystals give rise to new quantum materials with rich transport and optical phenomena that originate from modulations of atomic registries within moiré supercells. Due to finite elasticity, however, the superlattices can transform from moiré-type to periodically reconstructed patterns. Here we expand the notion of such nanoscale lattice reconstruction to the mesoscopic scale of laterally extended samples and demonstrate rich consequences in optical studies of excitons in MoSe2-WSe2 heterostructures with parallel and antiparallel alignments. Our results provide a unified perspective on moiré excitons in near-commensurate semiconductor heterostructures with small twist angles by identifying domains with exciton properties of distinct effective dimensionality, and establish mesoscopic reconstruction as a compelling feature of real samples and devices with inherent finite size effects and disorder. Generalized to stacks of other two-dimensional materials, this notion of mesoscale domain formation with emergent topological defects and percolation networks will instructively expand the understanding of fundamental electronic, optical and magnetic properties of van der Waals heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhao
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Zhijie Li
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Xin Huang
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Anna Rupp
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Göser
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ilia A Vovk
- PhysNano Department, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stanislav Yu Kruchinin
- Center for Computational Materials Sciences, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Nuance Communications Austria GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ismail Bilgin
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anvar S Baimuratov
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alexander Högele
- Fakultät für Physik, Munich Quantum Center, and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), München, Germany.
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39
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Averyanov DV, Sokolov IS, Taldenkov AN, Parfenov OE, Karateev IA, Kondratev OA, Tokmachev AM, Storchak VG. Intrinsic exchange bias state in silicene and germanene materials EuX 2. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:803-811. [PMID: 36987577 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
2D magnets have recently emerged as a host for unconventional phases and related phenomena. The prominence of 2D magnetism stems from its high amenability to external stimuli and structural variations. The low dimensionality facilitates competition between magnetic orders which may give rise to exchange bias, in particular in magnetic heterostructures. Here, we propose a strategy for the search of exchange bias state in 2D individual compounds. We track the evolution of magnetic orders driven by the number of monolayers in a system exhibiting antiferromagnetism in the multilayer and ferromagnetism in the monolayer limit. The material, EuSi2, has the structure of multilayer silicene intercalated by Eu. A strong intrinsic exchange bias effect accompanies the dimensional crossover. Comparison with silicene-based GdSi2 and germanene-based EuGe2 suggests the competition between magnetic orders to be a common property of this class of materials that may be useful in spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Averyanov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow 123182, Russia.
| | - Ivan S Sokolov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow 123182, Russia.
| | - Alexander N Taldenkov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow 123182, Russia.
| | - Oleg E Parfenov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow 123182, Russia.
| | - Igor A Karateev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow 123182, Russia.
| | - Oleg A Kondratev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow 123182, Russia.
| | - Andrey M Tokmachev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow 123182, Russia.
| | - Vyacheslav G Storchak
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow 123182, Russia.
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40
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Ghorashi SAA, Dunbrack A, Abouelkomsan A, Sun J, Du X, Cano J. Topological and Stacked Flat Bands in Bilayer Graphene with a Superlattice Potential. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:196201. [PMID: 37243639 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.196201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We show that bilayer graphene in the presence of a 2D superlattice potential provides a highly tunable setup that can realize a variety of flat band phenomena. We focus on two regimes: (i) topological flat bands with nonzero Chern numbers, C, including bands with higher Chern numbers |C|>1 and (ii) an unprecedented phase consisting of a stack of nearly perfect flat bands with C=0. For realistic values of the potential and superlattice periodicity, this stack can span nearly 100 meV, encompassing nearly all of the low-energy spectrum. We further show that in the topological regime, the topological flat band has a favorable band geometry for realizing a fractional Chern insulator (FCI) and use exact diagonalization to show that the FCI is in fact the ground state at 1/3 filling. Our results provide a realistic guide for future experiments to realize a new platform for flat band phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Dunbrack
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Ahmed Abouelkomsan
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Xu Du
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Jennifer Cano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
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41
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Cheng R, Kum HS, He J. Adding spinels to the magnetic 2D toolkit. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023:S2095-9273(23)00310-9. [PMID: 37211488 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Hyun S Kum
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China.
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42
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Jiang J, Cheng R, Feng W, Yin L, Wen Y, Wang Y, Cai Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhai B, Liu C, He J, Wang Z. Van der Waals Epitaxy Growth of 2D Single-Element Room-Temperature Ferromagnet. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211701. [PMID: 36807945 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
2D single-element materials, which are pure and intrinsically homogeneous on the nanometer scale, can cut the time-consuming material-optimization process and circumvent the impure phase, bringing about opportunities to explore new physics and applications. Herein, for the first time, the synthesis of ultrathin cobalt single-crystalline nanosheets with a sub-millimeter scale via van der Waals epitaxy is demonstrated. The thickness can be as low as ≈6 nm. Theoretical calculations reveal their intrinsic ferromagnetic nature and epitaxial mechanism: that is, the synergistic effect between van der Waals interactions and surface energy minimization dominates the growth process. Cobalt nanosheets exhibit ultrahigh blocking temperatures above 710 K and in-plane magnetic anisotropy. Electrical transport measurements further reveal that cobalt nanosheets have significant magnetoresistance (MR) effect, and can realize a unique coexistence of positive MR and negative MR under different magnetic field configurations, which can be attributed to the competition and cooperation effect among ferromagnetic interaction, orbital scattering, and electronic correlation. These results provide a valuable case for synthesizing 2D elementary metal crystals with pure phase and room-temperature ferromagnetism and pave the way for investigating new physics and related applications in spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, And School of Physical and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, And School of Physical and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenyong Feng
- The State Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials & Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, And School of Physical and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, And School of Physical and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, And School of Physical and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, And School of Physical and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Baoxing Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, And School of Physical and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chuansheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, And School of Physical and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, And School of Physical and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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43
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Wang H, Wen Y, Zhao X, Cheng R, Yin L, Zhai B, Jiang J, Li Z, Liu C, Wu F, He J. Heteroepitaxy of 2D CuCr 2 Te 4 with Robust Room-temperature Ferromagnetism. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211388. [PMID: 36780341 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic materials in 2D have attracted widespread attention for their intriguing magnetic properties. 2D magnetic heterostructures can provide unprecedented opportunities for exploring fundamental physics and novel spintronic devices. Here, the heteroepitaxial growth of ferromagnetic CuCr2 Te4 nanosheets is reported on Cr2 Te3 and mica by chemical vapor deposition. Magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements reveal the thickness-dependent ferromagnetism of CuCr2 Te4 nanosheets on mica, where a decrease of Curie temperature (TC ) from 320 to 260 K and an enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with reducing thickness are observed. Moreover, lattice-matched heteroepitaxial ultrathin CuCr2 Te4 on Cr2 Te3 exhibits an enhanced robust ferromagnetism with TC up to 340 K due to the interfacial charge transfer. Stripe-type magnetic domains and single magnetic domain are discovered in this heterostructure with different thicknesses. The work provides a way to construct robust room-temperature 2D magnetic heterostructures for functional spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Baoxing Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chuansheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Fengcheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, P. R. China
- International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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44
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Ganguli SC, Aapro M, Kezilebieke S, Amini M, Lado JL, Liljeroth P. Visualization of Moiré Magnons in Monolayer Ferromagnet. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3412-3417. [PMID: 37040471 PMCID: PMC10141560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional magnetic materials provide an ideal platform to explore collective many-body excitations associated with spin fluctuations. In particular, it should be feasible to explore, manipulate, and ultimately design magnonic excitations in two-dimensional van der Waals magnets in a controllable way. Here we demonstrate the emergence of moiré magnon excitations, stemming from the interplay of spin-excitations in monolayer CrBr3 and the moiré pattern arising from the lattice mismatch with the underlying substrate. The existence of moiré magnons is further confirmed via inelastic quasiparticle interference, showing the appearance of a dispersion pattern correlated with the moiré length scale. Our results provide a direct visualization in real-space of the dispersion of moiré magnons, demonstrating the versatility of moiré patterns in creating emergent many-body excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Aapro
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Shawulienu Kezilebieke
- Department
of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Jose L. Lado
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Peter Liljeroth
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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45
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Casas BW, Li Y, Moon A, Xin Y, McKeever C, Macy J, Petford-Long AK, Phatak CM, Santos EJG, Choi ES, Balicas L. Coexistence of Merons with Skyrmions in the Centrosymmetric Van Der Waals Ferromagnet Fe 5- x GeTe 2. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212087. [PMID: 36780298 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fe5- x GeTe2 is a centrosymmetric, layered van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnet that displays Curie temperatures Tc (270-330 K) that are within the useful range for spintronic applications. However, little is known about the interplay between its topological spin textures (e.g., merons, skyrmions) with technologically relevant transport properties such as the topological Hall effect (THE) or topological thermal transport. Here, via high-resolution Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, it is shown that merons and anti-meron pairs coexist with Néel skyrmions in Fe5- x GeTe2 over a wide range of temperatures and probe their effects on thermal and electrical transport. A THE is detected, even at room T, that senses merons at higher T's, as well as their coexistence with skyrmions as T is lowered, indicating an on-demand thermally driven formation of either type of spin texture. Remarkably, an unconventional THE is also observed in absence of Lorentz force, and it is attributed to the interaction between charge carriers and magnetic field-induced chiral spin textures. These results expose Fe5-x GeTe2 as a promising candidate for the development of applications in skyrmionics/meronics due to the interplay between distinct but coexisting topological magnetic textures and unconventional transport of charge/heat carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Casas
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Alex Moon
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Yan Xin
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Conor McKeever
- Institute for Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Juan Macy
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Amanda K Petford-Long
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Charudatta M Phatak
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Elton J G Santos
- Institute for Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
- Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Eun Sang Choi
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Luis Balicas
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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46
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Ebrahimian A, Dyrdał A, Qaiumzadeh A. Control of magnetic states and spin interactions in bilayer CrCl 3 with strain and electric fields: an ab initio study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5336. [PMID: 37005471 PMCID: PMC10067849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Using ab initio density functional theory, we demonstrated the possibility of controlling the magnetic ground-state properties of bilayer CrCl[Formula: see text] by means of mechanical strains and electric fields. In principle, we investigated the influence of these two fields on parameters describing the spin Hamiltonian of the system. The obtained results show that biaxial strains change the magnetic ground state between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases. The mechanical strain also affects the direction and amplitude of the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE). Importantly, the direction and amplitude of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya vectors are also highly tunable under external strain and electric fields. The competition between nearest-neighbor exchange interactions, MAE, and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions can lead to the stabilization of various exotic spin textures and novel magnetic excitations. The high tunability of magnetic properties by external fields makes bilayer CrCl[Formula: see text] a promising candidate for application in the emerging field of two-dimensional quantum spintronics and magnonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ebrahimian
- Department of Mesoscopic Physics, ISQI, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
- School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, 19395-5531, Iran
| | - Anna Dyrdał
- Department of Mesoscopic Physics, ISQI, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alireza Qaiumzadeh
- Center for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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47
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Yang Y, Jia L, Wang D, Zhou J. Advanced Strategies in Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Materials with Different Compositions and Phases. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201585. [PMID: 36739597 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, 2D materials-Ma Xb with different compositions and phases have attracted tremendous attention due to their diverse structures and electronic features. The common thermodynamically stable 2H and metastable 1T phases have been extensively studied, however, there are many unusual compositions and phases with novel physical properties that have yet to be explored. Therefore, summarization of the synthesis strategies, atomic structures, and the unique physical properties of 2D materials with different compositions and phases is very important for their development. In this review, the strategies including chemical vapor deposition, intercalation, atomic layer deposition, chemical vapor transport, and electrostatic gating for synthesizing various 2D materials with different phases and compositions are first summarized. Specially, the intercalation strategies including heterogeneous- and self-intercalation for controllable phases and compositions fabrication are mainly discussed. Then, the novel atomic structures of 2D materials are analyzed, followed by the fascinating physical properties including ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, superconductivity, and so on. Finally, the conclusion and outlook are offered including the challenges and future prospects of 2D materials with different compositions and phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dainan Wang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-field Intelligent Exploration, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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48
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Yang B, Li Y, Xiang H, Lin H, Huang B. Moiré magnetic exchange interactions in twisted magnets. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:314-320. [PMID: 38177935 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In addition to moiré superlattices, twisting can also generate moiré magnetic exchange interactions (MMEIs) in van der Waals magnets. However, owing to the extreme complexity and twist-angle-dependent sensitivity, all existing models fail to fully capture MMEIs and thus cannot provide an understanding of MMEI-induced physics. Here, we develop a microscopic moiré spin Hamiltonian that enables the effective description of MMEIs via a sliding-mapping approach in twisted magnets, as demonstrated in twisted bilayer CrI3. We show that the emergence of MMEIs can create a magnetic skyrmion bubble with non-conserved helicity, a 'moiré-type skyrmion bubble'. This represents a unique spin texture solely generated by MMEIs and ready to be detected under the current experimental conditions. Importantly, the size and population of skyrmion bubbles can be finely controlled by twist angle, a key step for skyrmion-based information storage. Furthermore, we reveal that MMEIs can be effectively manipulated by substrate-induced interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, modulating the twist-angle-dependent magnetic phase diagram, which solves outstanding disagreements between theories and experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baishun Yang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Institute of Computational Physical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiqing Lin
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, China
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, China.
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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49
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Xiao C, Wang Y, Yao W. Dynamic Generation of Spin Spirals of Moiré Trapped Carriers via Exciton Mediated Spin Interactions. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1872-1877. [PMID: 36799955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stacking transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) to form moiré superlattices has provided exciting opportunities to explore many-body correlation phenomena of the moiré trapped carriers. TMD bilayers, on the other hand, host long-lived interlayer exciton (IX), an elementary excitation of long spin-valley lifetime that can be optically or electrically injected. Here we find that, through the Coulomb exchange between mobile IXs and carriers, the IX bath can mediate both Heisenberg and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya type spin interactions between moiré trapped carriers, controllable by exciton density and exciton spin current, respectively. We show the strong Heisenberg interaction and the extraordinarily long-ranged Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction here can jointly establish robust spin spiral magnetic orders in Mott-Wigner crystal states at various filling factors, with the spiral direction controlled by the exciton current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxin Xiao
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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50
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Wang P, Ge J, Luo J, Wang H, Song L, Li Z, Yang J, Wang Y, Du R, Feng W, Wang J, He J, Shi J. Interisland-Distance-Mediated Growth of Centimeter-Scale Two-Dimensional Magnetic Fe 3O 4 Arrays with Unidirectional Domain Orientations. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1758-1766. [PMID: 36790274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet arrays with unidirectional orientations are of great significance for synthesizing wafer-scale single crystals. Although great efforts have been devoted, the growth of atomically thin magnetic nanosheet arrays and single crystals is still unaddressed. Here we design an interisland-distance-mediated chemical vapor deposition strategy to synthesize centimeter-scale atomically thin Fe3O4 arrays with unidirectional orientations on mica. The unidirectional alignment of nearly all the Fe3O4 nanosheets is driven by a dual-coupling-guided growth mechanism. The Fe3O4/mica interlayer interaction induces two preferred antiparallel orientations, whereas the interisland interaction of Fe3O4 breaks the energy degeneracy of antiparallel orientations. The room-temperature long-range ferrimagnetic order and thickness-tunable magnetic domain evolution are uncovered in atomically thin Fe3O4. This strategy to tune the orientations of nanosheets through the an interisland interaction can guide the synthesis of other 2D transition-metal oxides, thereby laying a solid foundation for future spintronic device applications at the integration level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ge
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Luo
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Luying Song
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruofan Du
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Feng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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