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Nejad HR, Mehrabadi JF, Saeedi P, Zanganeh S. Phage display technology for fabricating a recombinant monoclonal ScFv antibody against tetanus toxin. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:591-598. [PMID: 37663798 PMCID: PMC10470330 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetanus is a specific infectious disease, often associated with lower immunization in developing countries and catastrophic events (such as earthquakes). Millions of people, especially children, die every year from tetanus disease. Therefore, it is necessary to devise a rapid and sensitive detection method for tetanus toxin to ensure an early diagnosis and clinical treatment of tetanus. The current study looks at developing a novel, high specific, low-cost, and sensitive ScFv antibody. It is capable of tetanus detection immunoassays in clinical diagnosis, suspicious foods, and water monitoring. For this regard, a high-quality phage display antibody library (8.7 × 107 PFU/ml) was constructed. Tetanus-specific antibodies with high affinity retrieved from libraries. After phage rescue and four rounds of biopanning, clone screening was performed by phage ELISA. Recombinant antibodies expressed from the AC8 clone showed the highest affinity for tetanus. SDS-PAGE and western blotting confirmed the presence of a high-quality, pure ScFv band at 32 kDa. ELISA was used to determine the affinity value, estimated to be around 10-8 M. The results suggest that the proposed detection method by ScFv antibodies is an alternative diagnostic tool enabling rapid and specific detection of the tetanus toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Rouhani Nejad
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Pardis Saeedi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Zanganeh
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Qin T, Hong Y, Han D, Li S, Ning B, Li Z, Wang J, Bai J, Gao Z, Peng Y. Aptamer-based photonic crystals enable ultra-trace detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B without labels. Food Chem 2022; 391:133271. [PMID: 35623283 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is one of the most common serotypes in staphylococcal food-poisoning cases. A rapid, sensitive, and simple method for SEB detection is crucial for public health. A photonic crystal (PC) sensing material for label-free detection of ultra-trace SEB was proposed in this study. Gold nanoparticle-doped silica microspheres were stacked to form an opal PC through self-assembly, and SEB aptamers, as the recognition element, were modified onto the PC. When the target protein of SEB came in contact with the PC sensing material, the reflection peak intensity of PCs decreased accordingly. The detection range was 1 × 10-6 to 1 ng mL-1, and the detection limit was 0.103 × 10-6 ng mL-1. Furthermore, the PC sensing material had great specificity and accuracy, which can be used for real sample monitoring. This PC sensing material achieved ultra-sensitive detection, which did not involve complicated preparation processes and reporter labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Qin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, PR China; Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300020, PR China
| | - Yang Hong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, PR China
| | - Dianpeng Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, PR China
| | - Baoan Ning
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, PR China
| | - Zhe Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, PR China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, PR China
| | - Jialei Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, PR China.
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, PR China.
| | - Yuan Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, PR China.
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Piri-Gavgani S, Ghanei M, Fateh A, Siadat SD, Nematollahi L, Rahimi-Jamnani F. Identification of two neutralizing human single-chain variable fragment antibodies targeting Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1207-1214. [PMID: 36311199 PMCID: PMC9588317 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.64103.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The inability of the host immune system to defeat Staphylococcus aureus is due to various secreted virulent factors such as leukocidins, superantigens, and hemolysins, which interrupt the function of immune components. Alpha-hemolysin is one of the most studied cytolysins due to its pronounced effect on developing staphylococcal infections. Alpha-hemolysin-neutralizing antibodies are among the best candidates for blocking the toxin activity and preventing S. aureus pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) phage display library was biopanned against alpha-hemolysin. The selected phage clones were assessed based on their binding ability to alpha-hemolysin. The binding specificity and affinity of two scFvs (designated SP192 and SP220) to alpha-hemolysin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, the neutralizing activity of SP192 and SP220 was examined by concurrent incubation of rabbit red blood cells (RBCs) with alpha-hemolysin and scFvs. RESULTS SP192 and SP220 showed significant binding to alpha-hemolysin compared with the control proteins, including bovine serum albumin, human adiponectin, and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. Besides, both scFvs showed high-affinity binding to alpha-hemolysin in the nanomolar range (Kaff: 0.9 and 0.7 nM-1, respectively), leading to marked inhibition of alpha-hemolysin-mediated lysis of rabbit RBCs (73% and 84% inhibition; respectively). CONCLUSION SP192 and SP220 scFvs can potentially be used as alpha-hemolysin-neutralizing agents in conjunction with conventional antibiotics to combat S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Piri-Gavgani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Nematollahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding authors: Leila Nematollahi. Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. ; Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani. Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. ;
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi-Jamnani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran ,Corresponding authors: Leila Nematollahi. Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. ; Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani. Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. ;
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Roth KDR, Wenzel EV, Ruschig M, Steinke S, Langreder N, Heine PA, Schneider KT, Ballmann R, Fühner V, Kuhn P, Schirrmann T, Frenzel A, Dübel S, Schubert M, Moreira GMSG, Bertoglio F, Russo G, Hust M. Developing Recombinant Antibodies by Phage Display Against Infectious Diseases and Toxins for Diagnostics and Therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:697876. [PMID: 34307196 PMCID: PMC8294040 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.697876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are essential molecules for diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by pathogens and their toxins. Antibodies were integrated in our medical repertoire against infectious diseases more than hundred years ago by using animal sera to treat tetanus and diphtheria. In these days, most developed therapeutic antibodies target cancer or autoimmune diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic was a reminder about the importance of antibodies for therapy against infectious diseases. While monoclonal antibodies could be generated by hybridoma technology since the 70ies of the former century, nowadays antibody phage display, among other display technologies, is robustly established to discover new human monoclonal antibodies. Phage display is an in vitro technology which confers the potential for generating antibodies from universal libraries against any conceivable molecule of sufficient size and omits the limitations of the immune systems. If convalescent patients or immunized/infected animals are available, it is possible to construct immune phage display libraries to select in vivo affinity-matured antibodies. A further advantage is the availability of the DNA sequence encoding the phage displayed antibody fragment, which is packaged in the phage particles. Therefore, the selected antibody fragments can be rapidly further engineered in any needed antibody format according to the requirements of the final application. In this review, we present an overview of phage display derived recombinant antibodies against bacterial, viral and eukaryotic pathogens, as well as microbial toxins, intended for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Daniel Ralph Roth
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Esther Veronika Wenzel
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Abcalis GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ruschig
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Steinke
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nora Langreder
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philip Alexander Heine
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai-Thomas Schneider
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rico Ballmann
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Viola Fühner
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Dübel
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Abcalis GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany.,YUMAB GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Schubert
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Federico Bertoglio
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Giulio Russo
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Abcalis GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,YUMAB GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
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Hu N, Qiao C, Wang J, Wang Z, Li X, Zhou L, Wu J, Zhang D, Feng J, Shen B, Zhang J, Luo L. Identification of a novel protective human monoclonal antibody, LXY8, that targets the key neutralizing epitopes of staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 549:120-127. [PMID: 33667709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), one of the exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus, is the key toxin that causes poisoning reactions and toxic shock syndrome. In the current research work, a novel human antibody named LXY8 was screened from a human phage display antibody library, and LXY8 blocked the interaction between SEB and the T cell receptor (TCR). The binding activity between LXY8 and SEB was 0.525 nM. Furthermore, LXY8 could effectively inhibit the SEB-induced activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and release of cytokines. In the BALB/c mouse model, LXY8 effectively neutralized SEB toxicity in vivo. Finally, based on computer-guided molecular modeling, we designed a series of SEB mutation sites; these sites facilitated the determination of the key residues (i.e.176EFNN179) of SEB recognized by LXY8. The research revealed that the 176EFNN179 residues of SEB are important for specific antibody-antigen recognition. The results may be helpful for the development of antibody-based therapy for SEB-induced toxic shock syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China; School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 117004, China.
| | - Chunxia Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Zhihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xinying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Liuzhong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jiaguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Dingmu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jiannan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Beifen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jinghai Zhang
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 117004, China.
| | - Longlong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Teo MYM, Ng JJC, Fong JY, Hwang JS, Song AAL, Lim RLH, In LLA. Development of a single-chain fragment variable fused-mutant HALT-1 recombinant immunotoxin against G12V mutated KRAS colorectal cancer cells. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11063. [PMID: 33959410 PMCID: PMC8053384 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KRAS oncogenes harboring codon G12 and G13 substitutions are considered gatekeeper mutations which drive oncogenesis in many cancers. To date, there are still no target-specific vaccines or drugs available against this genotype, thus reinforcing the need towards the development of targeted therapies such as immunotoxins. Methods This study aims to develop a recombinant anti-mKRAS scFv-fused mutant Hydra actinoporin-like-toxin-1 (mHALT-1) immunotoxin that is capable of recognizing and eradicating codon-12 mutated k-ras antigen abnormal cells. One G13D peptide mimotope (164-D) and one G12V peptide mimotope (68-V) were designed to elicit antigen specific IgG titres against mutated K-ras antigens in immunised Balb/c mice. The RNA was extracted from splenocytes following ELISA confirmation on post-immunized mice sera and was reverse transcribed into cDNA. The scFv combinatorial library was constructed from cDNA repertoire of variable regions of heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL) fusions connected by a flexible glycine-serine linker, using splicing by overlap extension PCR (SOE-PCR). Anti-mKRAS G12V and G13D scFvs were cloned in pCANTAB5E phagemid and superinfected with helper phage. After few rounds of bio-panning, a specific mKRAS G12V and G13D scFv antibody against G12V and G13D control mimotope was identified and confirmed using ELISA without any cross-reactivity with other mimotopes or controls. Subsequently, the anti-mKRAS scFv was fused to mHALT-1 using SOE-PCR and cloned in pET22b vector. Expressed recombinant immunotoxins were analyzed for their effects on cell proliferation by the MTT assay and targeted specificity by cell-based ELISA on KRAS-positive and KRAS-negative cancer cells. Results The VH and VL genes from spleen RNA of mice immunized with 164-D and 68-V were amplified and randomly linked together, using SOE-PCR producing band sizes about 750 bp. Anti-mKRAS G12V and G13D scFvs were constructed in phagemid pCANTAB5E vectors with a library containing 3.4 × 106 and 2.9 × 106 individual clones, respectively. After three rounds of bio-panning, the anti-mKRAS G12V-34 scFv antibody against G12V control mimotope was identified and confirmed without any cross-reactivity with other controls using ELISA. Anti-mKRAS G12V-34 scFv fragment was fused to mHALT-1 toxin and cloned in pET22b vector with expression as inclusion bodies in E. coli BL21(DE3) (molecular weight of ~46.8 kDa). After successful solubilization and refolding, the mHALT-1-scFv immunotoxin exhibited cytotoxic effects on SW-480 colorectal cancer cells with IC50 of 25.39 μg/mL, with minimal cytotoxicity effect on NHDF cells. Discussion These results suggested that the development of such immunotoxins is potentially useful as an immunotherapeutic application against KRAS-positive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Yee Mun Teo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jeremy Jeack Ceen Ng
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jung Yin Fong
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jung Shan Hwang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Adelene Ai-Lian Song
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Renee Lay Hong Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lionel Lian Aun In
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lai JY, Lim TS. Infectious disease antibodies for biomedical applications: A mini review of immune antibody phage library repertoire. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:640-648. [PMID: 32650013 PMCID: PMC7340592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibody phage display is regarded as a critical tool for the development of monoclonal antibodies for infectious diseases. The different classes of antibody libraries are classified based on the source of repertoire used to generate the libraries. Immune antibody libraries are generated from disease infected host or immunization against an infectious agent. Antibodies derived from immune libraries are distinct from those derived from naïve libraries as the host's in vivo immune mechanisms shape the antibody repertoire to yield high affinity antibodies. As the immune system is constantly evolving in accordance to the health state of an individual, immune libraries can offer more than just infection-specific antibodies but also antibodies derived from the memory B-cells much like naïve libraries. The combinatorial nature of the gene cloning process would give rise to a combination of natural and un-natural antibody gene pairings in the immune library. These factors have a profound impact on the coverage of immune antibody libraries to target both disease-specific and non-disease specific antigens. This review looks at the diverse nature of antibody responses for immune library generation and discusses the extended potential of a disease-specified immune library in the context of phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi Lai
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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Kumar R, Parray HA, Shrivastava T, Sinha S, Luthra K. Phage display antibody libraries: A robust approach for generation of recombinant human monoclonal antibodies. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:907-918. [PMID: 31170490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their derivatives have achieved remarkable success as medicine, targeting both diagnostic and therapeutic applications associated with communicable and non-communicable diseases. In the last 3 to 4 decades, tremendous success has been manifested in the field of cancer therapy, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular and infectious diseases. MAbs are the fastest growing class of biopharmaceuticals, with more than 25 derivatives are in clinical use and 7 of these have been isolated through phage display technology. Phage display technology has gained impetus in the field of medical and health sciences, as a large repertoire of diverse recombinant antibodies, targeting various antigens have been generated in a short span of time. A prominent number of phage display derived antibodies are already approved for therapy and significant numbers are currently in clinical trials. In this review we have discussed the various strategies employed for generation of monoclonal antibodies; their advantages, limitations and potential therapeutic applications. We also discuss the potential of phage display antibody libraries in isolation of monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
| | - Hilal Ahmed Parray
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tripti Shrivastava
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Subrata Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Chronocoulometric aptamer based assay for staphylococcal enterotoxin B by target-triggered assembly of nanostructured dendritic nucleic acids on a gold electrode. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:109. [PMID: 30637509 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and ultrasensitive method is described for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). It is based on the formation of a dendritic DNA superstructure by integrating (a) target-induced triggering of DNA release with (b) signal amplification by a hybridization chain reaction. Partially complementary pairing of aptamer and trigger DNA forms a duplex structure. The capture DNA is then placed on the surface of a gold electrode through gold-thiol chemistry. In the presence of SEB, the aptamer-target conjugate is compelled to form. This causes the release of trigger DNA owing to a strong competition with SEB. The trigger DNA is subsequently hybridized with the partial complementary sequences of the capture DNA to trigger HCR with three auxiliary DNA sequances (referred to as H1, H2, H3). Finally, the dendritic DNA superstructure is bound to hexaammineruthenium(III) cation by electrostatic adsorption and assembled onto the modified gold electrode. This produces an amplified electrochemical signal that is measured by chronocoulometry. Under optimal conditions, the charge difference increases linearly with the logarithm of the SEB concentrations in the range from 5 pg·mL-1 to 100 ng·mL-1 with a detection limit as low as 3 pg·mL-1 (at S/N = 3). Graphical abstract An electrochemical switching strategy is presented for the sensitive detection of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B based on target-triggered assembly of dendritic nucleic acid nanostructures.
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Chen X, Shi X, Liu Y, Lu L, Lu Y, Xiong X, Liu Y, Xiong X. Impedimetric determination of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B using electrochemical switching with DNA triangular pyramid frustum nanostructure. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:460. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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11
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Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B by Recombinant Nanobody Using Phage Display Technology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:493-505. [PMID: 29984392 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, from Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), is one of the most potent bacterial superantigens with profound toxic effects on the immune system. It is associated with food poisoning, toxic shock, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and nasal polyps in humans. The current diagnostic methods for staphylococcal enterotoxin are mainly based on traditional monoclonal antibodies which hardly meet the requirements for clinical applications, and hybridoma clones lose their ability to secrete antibodies during time. The present study investigates the development of a novel, highly specific, low-cost, and sensitive nanobody capable of being used in immunoassays for Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) detection in suspicious foods. For this purpose, Camelus dromedarius was immunized against SEB toxin. After obtaining acceptable titration, a high-quality phage display nanobody library (4 × 1010 PFU/ml) was constructed. High-affinity SEB-specific nanobodies were retrieved from constructed libraries. After phage rescue and five round of biopanning, clone screening was performed by phage ELISA. Recombinant nanobodies which were expressed from C7 and C21 clone showed the highest affinity for SEB. The presence of high quality and pure nanobody band at ~ 15 kDa was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. The affinity constant which was measured by ELISA was calculated to be around 10-9 M. The results suggest that the proposed detection method by nanobodies is an alternative diagnostic tool enabling a rapid, inexpensive, and specific detection of the SEB.
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12
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Ou-Yang Q, Yan B, Li A, Hu ZS, Feng JN, Lun XX, Zhang MM, Zhang MD, Wu KC, Xue FF, Yang AG, Zhao J. Construction of humanized anti-HER2 single-chain variable fragments (husFvs) and achievement of potent tumor suppression with the reconstituted husFv-Fdt-tBid immunoapoptotin. Biomaterials 2018; 178:170-182. [PMID: 29935385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As HER2 is frequently overexpressed in various malignancies, targeting HER2 is considered an efficient, highly selective antitumor therapy. HER2-targeted immunoconjugates are being developed and result in persistent remission of HER2-overexpressing tumors. However, many of the antibodies used as the targeting moiety are of murine origin and exhibit risk of inducing immunogenicity, limiting their antitumor therapeutic efficacy. Here, we humanized e23sFv, an HER2-targeting murine scFv with excellent affinity and specificity, using a human antibody consensus sequence engraftment strategy. The affinity of the initially humanized e23sFv was then rescued and improved by selective mutagenesis followed by phage-display-based affinity panning of the mutant pool. The resulting humanized e23sFv candidates (husFvs) exhibited up-to-94-fold increased affinity to recombinant HER2. The immunogenicity of e23sFv was dramatically alleviated after humanization, as indicated by the impaired production of cytokines by husFv-stimulated human PBMCs. Two internalizable husFvs with optimal affinity were applied to generate humanized immunoapoptotins by infusion with the translocation domain Fdt and the proapoptotic domain truncated Bid. The husFv-immunoapoptotins demonstrated improved HER2-targeting and tumor-killing capacities in vitro and in vivo compared with the e23sFv-immunoapoptotins and would enable the administration of multiple treatment cycles to patients, resulting in improved antitumor efficacy. Furthermore, the husFvs recognized distinct HER2 epitopes and could thus be used in combination with trastuzumab or pertuzumab to achieve robust synergistic antitumor effects in HER2-positive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ou-Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi-Song Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-Nan Feng
- Department of Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Xin Lun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-De Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai-Chun Wu
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang-Fang Xue
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - An-Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Generation and characterization of a novel recombinant scFv antibody specific for Campylobacter jejuni. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4873-4885. [PMID: 29627856 PMCID: PMC5953994 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide, mainly due to consumption and handling of contaminated raw chicken. Rapid detection methods for C. jejuni are vital for monitoring contamination levels in chicken products and reducing human Campylobacteriosis cases. The 'gold standard' culture-based method of Campylobacter detection takes 3-5 days and is too slow to permit effective intervention. Immuno-based methods are faster, but usually necessitate use of animals or hybridoma technology to produce antibodies; making them difficult and expensive to produce. Here, we report the generation and characterization of recombinant single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies specific for C. jejuni cells, and evaluation of one scFv antibody for an immunomagnetic separation-quantitative PCR (IMS-qPCR) method to rapidly, sensitively, and specifically detect low numbers of C. jejuni. An scFv antibody phage-display library was constructed using spleen mRNA derived from a rabbit immunized with gamma-irradiated C. jejuni cells. This library was screened by surface biopanning against C. jejuni whole cells. Enriched clones were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two scFv antibodies that strongly and specifically recognized C. jejuni cell were expressed in Escherichia coli. Western blot analysis showed that one antibody, scFv80, was expressed as a soluble protein and retained its specific and strong binding to C. jejuni cells. This recombinant monoclonal scFv antibody was purified and used to covalently coat paramagnetic beads to be used for IMS-qPCR. The IMS-qPCR method was able to specifically and sensitively detect C. jejuni in mixed cultures within 3 h.
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Mondal B, N B, Ramlal S, Kingston J. Colorimetric DNAzyme Biosensor for Convenience Detection of Enterotoxin B Harboring Staphylococcus aureus from Food Samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1516-1522. [PMID: 29350529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a colorimetric DNAzymes biosensor strategy was devised in combination with immunomagnetic separation for rapid and easy detection of enterotoxin B harboring Staphylococcus aureus from food and clinical samples. The method employs immunocapture of S. aureus and amplification of seb gene by DNAzyme complementary sequence integrated forward primer and with specific reverse primer. The DNAzyme sequence integrated dsDNA PCR products when treated with hemin and TMB (3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine) in the presence of H2O2 produce colorimetric signal. A linear relationship of optical signal with the initial template of seb was obtained which could be monitored by visually or spectrophotrometrically for qualitative and quantitative detection. The limit of detection for the assay was approximately 102 CFU/mL of seb gene harboring target. This method is convenient compared to gel based and ELISA systems. Further, spiking studies and analysis on natural samples emphasized the robustness and applicability of developed method. Altogether, the established assay could be a reliable alternative, low-cost, viable detection tool for the routine investigation of seb from food and clinical sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhairab Mondal
- Defence Food Research Laboratory , Microbiology Division, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570011, India
| | - Bhavanashri N
- Defence Food Research Laboratory , Microbiology Division, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570011, India
| | - Shylaja Ramlal
- Defence Food Research Laboratory , Microbiology Division, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570011, India
| | - Joseph Kingston
- Defence Food Research Laboratory , Microbiology Division, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570011, India
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15
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Mondal B, Ramlal S, Lavu PS, N B, Kingston J. Highly Sensitive Colorimetric Biosensor for Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B by a Label-Free Aptamer and Gold Nanoparticles. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:179. [PMID: 29487580 PMCID: PMC5816949 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and selective colorimetric biosensor for the detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) was developed using SEB-binding aptamer (SEB2) as recognition element and unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as colorimetric probes. The assay is based on color change from red to purple due to conformational change of aptamer in the presence of SEB, and the phenomenon of salt-induced AuNPs aggregation which could be monitored by naked eye or UV–vis spectrometer. Results showed that the AuNPs can effectively differentiate the SEB induced conformational change of the aptamer in the presence of a given high salt concentration. A linear response in the range of 50 μg/mL to 0.5 ng/mL of SEB concentration was obtained. The assay was highly specific to SEB as compared to other related toxins. The limit of detection (LOD) of SEB achieved within few minutes was 50 ng/mL visually and spectrometric method improved it to 0.5 ng/mL. Robustness of the assay was tested in artificially spiked milk samples and cross-checked using in house developed sandwich ELISA (IgY as capturing and SEB specific monoclonal as revealing antibody) and PCR. This colorimetric assay could be a suitable alternative over existing methods during biological emergencies due to its simplicity, sensitive and cost effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhairab Mondal
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - Shylaja Ramlal
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - Padma S Lavu
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - Bhavanashri N
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - Joseph Kingston
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
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16
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Zhang X, He K, Zhao R, Wang L, Jin Y. Cloning of scFv from hybridomas using a rational strategy: Application as a receptor to sensitive detection microcystin-LR in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 160:230-236. [PMID: 27380224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Single chain variable fragment (scFv), containing of heavy and light chains (VH and VL) joined by a short peptide linker, has been used widely for immunodetection. Nevertheless, cloning functional variable genes is still a bottle neck for the scFv generation technology. Here, a rational strategy for cloning and selecting variable region genes from an anti-microcystin-LR hybridoma was devised, then the functional VH and VL genes were recloned and assembled to scFv using splicing overlap extension PCR. The resulting scFv gene was recombinantly expressed as a soluble scFv-alkaline phosphatase fusion protein (scFv-AP) by vector PLIP6/GN. Then an indirect competitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (ic-CLEIA) for detection of microcystin-LR was developed. The half-maximum inhibition concentrations (IC50) and limits of detection (LODs, IC15) were 0.81 ± 0.04 μgL(-1) and 0.13 ± 0.03 μgL(-1), respectively. With the mean coefficient of variation lowing 8%, the mean recovery in intra-assay and inter-assay were 100.06% and 96.46%, The proposed strategy should be useful for generation scFv in a rapid and simple way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Zhang
- Hebei North University, Food Safety Research Centre of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China; College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Kuo He
- Hebei North University, Food Safety Research Centre of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China.
| | - Ruiping Zhao
- Hebei North University, Food Safety Research Centre of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Hebei North University, Food Safety Research Centre of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Yandan Jin
- Hebei North University, Food Safety Research Centre of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
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Yin H, Fang T, Wen H. Combined multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification with lateral flow assay to detect sea
and seb
genes of enterotoxic Staphylococcus aureus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 63:16-24. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H.Y. Yin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - T.J. Fang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - H.W. Wen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
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18
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Kuhn P, Fühner V, Unkauf T, Moreira GMSG, Frenzel A, Miethe S, Hust M. Recombinant antibodies for diagnostics and therapy against pathogens and toxins generated by phage display. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:922-948. [PMID: 27198131 PMCID: PMC7168043 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are valuable molecules for the diagnostic and treatment of diseases caused by pathogens and toxins. Traditionally, these antibodies are generated by hybridoma technology. An alternative to hybridoma technology is the use of antibody phage display to generate recombinant antibodies. This in vitro technology circumvents the limitations of the immune system and allows—in theory—the generation of antibodies against all conceivable molecules. Phage display technology enables obtaining human antibodies from naïve antibody gene libraries when either patients are not available or immunization is not ethically feasible. On the other hand, if patients or immunized/infected animals are available, it is common to construct immune phage display libraries to select in vivo affinity‐matured antibodies. Because the phage packaged DNA sequence encoding the antibodies is directly available, the antibodies can be smoothly engineered according to the requirements of the final application. In this review, an overview of phage display derived recombinant antibodies against bacterial, viral, and eukaryotic pathogens as well as toxins for diagnostics and therapy is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kuhn
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Viola Fühner
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tobias Unkauf
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - André Frenzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany.,YUMAB GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Miethe
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany.
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19
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Böldicke T, Miethe S, Fühner V, Schirrmann T, Frenzel A, Hust M. Generation of Recombinant Antibodies Against Toxins and Viruses by Phage Display for Diagnostics and Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 917:55-76. [PMID: 27236552 PMCID: PMC7121732 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32805-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibody phage display is an in vitro technology to generate recombinant antibodies. In particular for pathogens like viruses or toxins, antibody phage display is an alternative to hybridoma technology, since it circumvents the limitations of the immune system. Phage display allows the generation of human antibodies from naive antibody gene libraries when either immunized patients are not available or immunization is not ethically feasible. This technology also allows the construction of immune libraries to select in vivo affinity matured antibodies if immunized patients or animals are available.In this review, we describe the generation of human and human-like antibodies from naive antibody gene libraries and antibodies from immune antibody gene libraries. Furthermore, we give an overview about phage display derived recombinant antibodies against viruses and toxins for diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Böldicke
- grid.7490.aRecombinant protein exprsn/Intrabdy unit, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Rese, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Miethe
- Abteilung Biotechnologie, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Viola Fühner
- Abteilung Biotechnologie, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schirrmann
- Abteilung Biotechnologie, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,YUMAB GmbH, Rebenring 33, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - André Frenzel
- Abteilung Biotechnologie, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.,YUMAB GmbH, Rebenring 33, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Abteilung Biotechnologie, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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20
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Du XJ, Zhou XN, Li P, Sheng W, Ducancel F, Wang S. Development of an Immunoassay for Chloramphenicol Based on the Preparation of a Specific Single-Chain Variable Fragment Antibody. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2971-2979. [PMID: 27003441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Specific antibodies are essential for the immune detection of small molecule contaminants. In the present study, the heavy and light variable regions (V(H )and V(L)) of the immunoglobulin genes from a hybridoma secreting a chloramphenicol (CAP)-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) were cloned and sequenced. In addition, the light and heavy chains obtained from the monoclonal antibody were separated using SDS-PAGE and analyzed using Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The results of DNA sequencing and mass spectrometry analysis were compared, and the V(H) and V(L) chains specific for CAP were determined and used to construct a single-chain variable fragment (scFv). This fragment was recombinantly expressed as a soluble scFv-alkaline phosphatase fusion protein and used to develop a direct competitive ELISA. Compared with the parent mAb, scFv exhibits lower sensitivity but better food matrix resistance. This work highlights the application of engineered antibodies for CAP detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-jun Du
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiao-nan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Frédéric Ducancel
- Pharmacology and Immune Analysis Department, CEA/Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China
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21
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Chen X, Lu Y, Tan G, Cao Z, Liu W, Wang B, Zhang M, Li Z. Functional and binding characterization of a single chain Fv antibody to abscisic acid and conjugated abscisic acid. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1148123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiyu Tan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baomin Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Singh PK, Agrawal R, Kamboj DV, Singh L. Construction of Recombinant Single Chain Variable Fragment (ScFv) Antibody Against Superantigen for Immunodetection Using Antibody Phage Display Technology. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1396:207-225. [PMID: 26676049 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3344-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Superantigens are a class of antigens that bind to the major histocompatibility complex class (MHC) II and T-cell receptor (TCR) and cause the nonspecific activation of T cells, resulting in a massive release of pro-inflammatory mediators. They are produced by the gram-positive organisms Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, and by a variety of other microbes such as viruses and mycoplasma, and cause toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and even death in some cases. The immunodetection of superantigens is difficult due to the polyclonal activation of T-cells leading to nonspecific antibody production. The production of recombinant monoclonal antibodies against superantigens can solve this problem and are far better than polyclonal antibodies in terms of detection. Here, we describe the construction of recombinant single chain variable fragments (ScFv) antibodies against superantigens with specific reference to SEB (staphylococcal enterotoxin B) using antibody phage display technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4717 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Ranu Agrawal
- Biotechnology Division, Defense R&D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - D V Kamboj
- Biotechnology Division, Defense R&D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India.
| | - Lokendra Singh
- Biotechnology Division, Defense R&D Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
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23
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Sharma A, Rao VK, Kamboj DV, Gaur R, Shaik M, Shrivastava AR. Enzyme free detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) using ferrocene carboxylic acid labeled monoclonal antibodies: an electrochemical approach. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03460d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a ferrocene based electrochemical immunosensor for staphylococcal enterotoxin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- Defence Research and Development Establishment
- Gwalior
- India
| | | | | | - Ritu Gaur
- Defence Research and Development Establishment
- Gwalior
- India
| | - Mahabul Shaik
- Defence Research and Development Establishment
- Gwalior
- India
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Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B is one of the most potent bacterial superantigens that exerts profound toxic effects upon the immune system, leading to stimulation of cytokine release and inflammation. It is associated with food poisoning, nonmenstrual toxic shock, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and nasal polyps in humans. Currently, there is no treatment or vaccine available. Passive immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies made in several different species has shown significant inhibition in in vitro studies and reduction in staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced lethal shock in in vivo studies. This should encourage future endeavors to develop these antibodies as therapeutic reagents.
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25
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Construction and characterization of VL–VH tail-parallel genetically engineered antibodies against staphylococcal enterotoxins. Immunol Res 2015; 61:281-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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26
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Sikarwar B, Sharma PK, Srivastava A, Agarwal GS, Boopathi M, Singh B, Jaiswal YK. Surface plasmon resonance characterization of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies of malaria for biosensor applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 60:201-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen W, Hu L, Liu A, Li J, Chen F, Wang X. Expression and characterization of single-chain variable fragment antibody against staphylococcal enterotoxin A in Escherichia coli. Can J Microbiol 2014; 60:737-43. [PMID: 25322256 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are potent gastrointestinal exotoxins synthesized by Staphylococcus aureus, which is responsible for various diseases including septicemia, food poisoning, and toxic shock syndrome, as well as bovine mastitis. Among them, staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is one of the most commonly present serotypes in staphylococcal food poisoning cases. In this study, the stable hybridoma 3C12 producing anti-SEA monoclonal antibody was established with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 1.48 × 10(-8) mol·L(-1), its ScFv-coding genes were obtained and then the anti-SEA single chain variable fragment (ScFv) protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. Characterization of the expressed target ScFv protein was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results demonstrated that the recombinant anti-SEA ScFv protein retained a specific binding activity for SEA, and the KD value of the soluble ScFv was about 3.75 × 10(-7) mol·L(-1). The overall yield of bioactive anti-SEA ScFv in E. coli flask culture was more than 10 mg·L(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Chen
- a College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Sharma A, Rao VK, Kamboj DV, Upadhyay S, Shaik M, Shrivastava AR, Jain R. Sensitive detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) using quantum dots by various methods with special emphasis on an electrochemical immunoassay approach. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02563f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Sharma A, Kameswara Rao V, Vrat Kamboj D, Jain R. Electrochemical Immunosensor for Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Based on Platinum Nanoparticles-Modified Electrode Using Hydrogen Evolution Inhibition Approach. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
SUMMARY This review begins with a discussion of the large family of Staphylococcus aureus and beta-hemolytic streptococcal pyrogenic toxin T lymphocyte superantigens from structural and immunobiological perspectives. With this as background, the review then discusses the major known and possible human disease associations with superantigens, including associations with toxic shock syndromes, atopic dermatitis, pneumonia, infective endocarditis, and autoimmune sequelae to streptococcal illnesses. Finally, the review addresses current and possible novel strategies to prevent superantigen production and passive and active immunization strategies.
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Wang R, Xiang S, Feng Y, Srinivas S, Zhang Y, Lin M, Wang S. Engineering production of functional scFv antibody in E. coli by co-expressing the molecule chaperone Skp. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:72. [PMID: 24224158 PMCID: PMC3818579 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is a class of engineered antibodies generated by the fusion of the heavy (VH) and light chains (VL) of immunoglobulins through a short polypeptide linker. ScFv play a critical role in therapy and diagnosis of human diseases, and may in fact also be developed into a potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic agent. However, the fact that current scFv antibodies have poor stability, low solubility, and affinity, seriously limits their diagnostic and clinical implication. Here we have developed four different expression vectors, and evaluated their abilities to express a soluble scFv protein. The solubility and binding activity of the purified proteins were determined using both SDS-PAGE and ELISA. Amongst the four purified proteins, the Skp co-expressed scFv showed the highest solubility, and the binding activity to antigen TLH was 3-4 fold higher than the other three purified scFv. In fact, this scFv is specific for TLH and does not cross-react with other TLH-associated proteins and could be used to detect TLH directly in real samples. These results suggest that the pACYC-Duet-skp co-expression vector might be a useful tool for the production of soluble and functional scFv antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhi Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
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Generation and Characterization of a scFv Antibody Against T3SS Needle of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Indian J Microbiol 2013; 54:143-50. [PMID: 25320414 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-013-0428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a halophilic gram-negative bacterium, is a food-borne pathogen that largely inhabits marine and estuarine environments, and poses a serious threat to human and animal health all over the world. The hollow "needle" channel, a specific assemble of T3SS which exists in most of gram-negative bacteria, plays a key role in the transition of virulence effectors to host cells. In this study, needle protein VP1694 was successfully expressed and purified, and the fusion protein Trx-VP1694 was used to immunize Balb/c mice. Subsequently, a phage single-chain fragment variable antibody (scFv) library was constructed, and a specific scFv against VP1694 named scFv-FA7 was screened by phage display panning. To further identify the characters of scFv, the soluble expression vector pACYC-scFv-skp was constructed and the soluble scFv was purified by Ni(2+) affinity chromatography. ELISA analysis showed that the scFv-FA7 was specific to VP1694 antigen, and its affinity constant was 1.07 × 10(8 )L/mol. These results offer a molecular basis to prevent and cure diseases by scFv, and also provide a new strategy for further research on virulence mechanism of T3SS in V. parahaemolyticus by scFv.
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Gupta G, Sharma P, Sikarwar B, Merwyn S, Kaushik S, Boopathi M, Agarwal G, Singh B. Surface plasmon resonance immunosensor for the detection of Salmonella typhi antibodies in buffer and patient serum. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 36:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Screening for a single-chain variable-fragment antibody that can effectively neutralize the cytotoxicity of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus thermolabile hemolysin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:4967-75. [PMID: 22562997 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00435-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophilic bacterium that is widely distributed in water resources. The bacterium causes lethal food-borne diseases and poses a serious threat to human and animal health all over the world. The major pathogenic factor of V. parahaemolyticus is thermolabile hemolysin (TLH), encoded by the tlh gene, but its toxicity mechanisms are unknown. A high-affinity antibody that can neutralize TLH activity effectively is not available. In this study, we successfully expressed and purified the TLH antigen and discovered a high-affinity antibody to TLH, named scFv-LA3, by phage display screening. Cytotoxicity analysis showed that scFv-LA3 has strong neutralization effects on TLH-induced cell toxicity.
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Novel epitopic region of glucosyltransferase B from Streptococcus mutans. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:1552-61. [PMID: 21795464 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05041-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the development of a component vaccine against caries, the catalytic region (CAT) and glucan-binding domain (GBD) of glucosyltransferase B (GtfB) from Streptococcus mutans have been employed as target antigens. These regions were adopted as primary targets because they theoretically include epitopes associated with enzyme function. However, their antigenicities have not been fully evaluated. Although there are many reports about successful vaccination using these components, the principle has not yet been put to practical use. For these reasons, we came to doubt the effectiveness of the epitopes in vaccine production and reevaluated the antigenic region of GtfB by using in silico analyses combined with in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results suggested that the ca. 360-amino-acid variable region (VR) in the N terminus of GtfB is more reactive than CAT and GBD. This region is S. mutans and/or GtfB specific, nonconserved among other streptococcal Gtfs, and of unknown function. Immunization using an adenovirus vector-borne DNA vaccine confirmed that VR is an epitope that shows promise for the development of a caries vaccine.
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