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Balducci E, Papi F, Capialbi DE, Del Bino L. Polysaccharides' Structures and Functions in Biofilm Architecture of Antimicrobial-Resistant (AMR) Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044030. [PMID: 36835442 PMCID: PMC9965654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and fungi have developed resistance to the existing therapies such as antibiotics and antifungal drugs, and multiple mechanisms are mediating this resistance. Among these, the formation of an extracellular matrix embedding different bacterial cells, called biofilm, is an effective strategy through which bacterial and fungal cells are establishing a relationship in a unique environment. The biofilm provides them the possibility to transfer genes conferring resistance, to prevent them from desiccation and to impede the penetration of antibiotics or antifungal drugs. Biofilms are formed of several constituents including extracellular DNA, proteins and polysaccharides. Depending on the bacteria, different polysaccharides form the biofilm matrix in different microorganisms, some of them involved in the first stage of cells' attachment to surfaces and to each other, and some responsible for giving the biofilm structure resistance and stability. In this review, we describe the structure and the role of different polysaccharides in bacterial and fungal biofilms, we revise the analytical methods to characterize them quantitatively and qualitatively and finally we provide an overview of potential new antimicrobial therapies able to inhibit biofilm formation by targeting exopolysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniela Eloisa Capialbi
- GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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2
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Qadri H, Shah AH, Alkhanani M, Almilaibary A, Mir MA. Immunotherapies against human bacterial and fungal infectious diseases: A review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1135541. [PMID: 37122338 PMCID: PMC10140573 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1135541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nations' ongoing struggles with a number of novel and reemerging infectious diseases, including the ongoing global health issue, the SARS-Co-V2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) outbreak, serve as proof that infectious diseases constitute a serious threat to the global public health. Moreover, the fatality rate in humans is rising as a result of the development of severe infectious diseases brought about by multiple drug-tolerant pathogenic microorganisms. The widespread use of traditional antimicrobial drugs, immunosuppressive medications, and other related factors led to the establishment of such drug resistant pathogenic microbial species. To overcome the difficulties commonly encountered by current infectious disease management and control processes, like inadequate effectiveness, toxicities, and the evolution of drug tolerance, new treatment solutions are required. Fortunately, immunotherapies already hold great potential for reducing these restrictions while simultaneously expanding the boundaries of healthcare and medicine, as shown by the latest discoveries and the success of drugs including monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), vaccinations, etc. Immunotherapies comprise methods for treating diseases that specifically target or affect the body's immune system and such immunological procedures/therapies strengthen the host's defenses to fight those infections. The immunotherapy-based treatments control the host's innate and adaptive immune responses, which are effective in treating different pathogenic microbial infections. As a result, diverse immunotherapeutic strategies are being researched more and more as alternative treatments for infectious diseases, leading to substantial improvements in our comprehension of the associations between pathogens and host immune system. In this review we will explore different immunotherapies and their usage for the assistance of a broad spectrum of infectious ailments caused by various human bacterial and fungal pathogenic microbes. We will discuss about the recent developments in the therapeutics against the growing human pathogenic microbial diseases and focus on the present and future of using immunotherapies to overcome these diseases. Graphical AbstractThe graphical abstract shows the therapeutic potential of different types of immunotherapies like vaccines, monoclonal antibodies-based therapies, etc., against different kinds of human Bacterial and Fungal microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Qadri
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdul Haseeb Shah
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- *Correspondence: Abdul Haseeb Shah,
| | - Mustfa Alkhanani
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Manzoor Ahmad Mir,
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Killough M, Rodgers AM, Ingram RJ. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Recent Advances in Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071100. [PMID: 35891262 PMCID: PMC9320790 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic human pathogen. Using its arsenal of virulence factors and its intrinsic ability to adapt to new environments, P. aeruginosa causes a range of complicated acute and chronic infections in immunocompromised individuals. Of particular importance are burn wound infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and chronic infections in people with cystic fibrosis. Antibiotic resistance has rendered many of these infections challenging to treat and novel therapeutic strategies are limited. Multiple clinical studies using well-characterised virulence factors as vaccine antigens over the last 50 years have fallen short, resulting in no effective vaccination being available for clinical use. Nonetheless, progress has been made in preclinical research, namely, in the realms of antigen discovery, adjuvant use, and novel delivery systems. Herein, we briefly review the scope of P. aeruginosa clinical infections and its major important virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Killough
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK;
| | - Aoife Maria Rodgers
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, R51 A021 Maynooth, Ireland;
| | - Rebecca Jo Ingram
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK;
- Correspondence:
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Thorn CR, Wignall A, Kopecki Z, Kral A, Prestidge CA, Thomas N. Liquid Crystal Nanoparticles Enhance Tobramycin Efficacy in a Murine Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Wound Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:841-854. [PMID: 35255215 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infections are highly prevalent and often untreatable due to biofilm formation, resulting in high antimicrobial tolerance. Standard antibiotic therapy for P. aeruginosa infections involves tobramycin, yet it is highly ineffective as monotherapy as tobramycin cannot penetrate the biofilm to elicit its antimicrobial effect. Lipid liquid crystal nanoparticles (LCNPs) have previously been shown to increase the antimicrobial efficacy and penetration of tobramycin against P. aeruginosa biofilms in vitro and ex vivo. Here, for the first time, we have developed a chronic P. aeruginosa biofilm infection in full-thickness wounds in mice to examine the potential of LCNPs to improve the effect of tobramycin, preclinically. After three doses, administered once a day, tobramycin-LCNPs significantly reduced the P. aeruginosa bacterial load in murine wounds 1000-fold more than unformulated tobramycin, which in turn showed no significant difference to the saline control treatment. Consistent with the improved P. aeruginosa eradication, the tobramycin-LCNPs promoted wound healing. In comparison to previous in vitro and ex vivo data, we show a strong in vitro-in vivo correlation between P. aeruginosa biofilm infection models. The enhanced activity of tobramycin-LCNPs in vivo in the preclinical murine model demonstrates the strong potential of LCNPs as a next-generation formulation approach to improve the efficacy of tobramycin against P. aeruginosa biofilm wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea R. Thorn
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
- Biofilm Test Facility, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Anthony Wignall
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Anita Kral
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, S.A. Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Clive A. Prestidge
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Nicky Thomas
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Science, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
- Biofilm Test Facility, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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5
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Thorn CR, Howell PL, Wozniak DJ, Prestidge CA, Thomas N. Enhancing the therapeutic use of biofilm-dispersing enzymes with smart drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113916. [PMID: 34371086 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-dispersing enzymes degrade the extracellular polymeric matrix surrounding bacterial biofilms, disperse the microbial community and increase their susceptibility to antibiotics and immune cells. Challenges for the clinical translation of biofilm-dispersing enzymes involve their susceptibility to denaturation, degradation, and clearance upon administration in vivo. Drug delivery systems aim to overcome these limitations through encapsulation, stabilization and protection from the exterior environment, thereby maintaining the enzymatic activity. Smart drug delivery systems offer target specificity, releasing payloads at the site of infection while minimizing unnecessary systemic exposure. This review highlights critical advances of biofilm-dispersing enzymes as a novel therapeutic approach for biofilm-associated infections. We explore how smart, bio-responsive delivery systems overcome the limiting factors of biofilm-dispersing enzymes and summarize the key systems designed. This review will guide future developments, focusing on utilizing selective and specific therapies in a targeted fashion to meet the unmet therapeutic needs of biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea R Thorn
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Biofilm Test Facility, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - P Lynne Howell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Daniel J Wozniak
- Departments of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Nicky Thomas
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Biofilm Test Facility, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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6
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López-Siles M, Corral-Lugo A, McConnell MJ. Vaccines for multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria: lessons from the past for guiding future success. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuaa054. [PMID: 33289833 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to global public health. Vaccination is an effective approach for preventing bacterial infections, however it has not been successfully applied to infections caused by some of the most problematic multidrug resistant pathogens. In this review, the potential for vaccines to contribute to reducing the burden of disease of infections caused by multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria is presented. Technical, logistical and societal hurdles that have limited successful vaccine development for these infections in the past are identified, and recent advances that can contribute to overcoming these challenges are assessed. A synthesis of vaccine technologies that have been employed in the development of vaccines for key multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria is included, and emerging technologies that may contribute to future successes are discussed. Finally, a comprehensive review of vaccine development efforts over the last 40 years for three of the most worrisome multidrug resistant Gram negative pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is presented, with a focus on recent and ongoing studies. Finally, future directions for the vaccine development field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia López-Siles
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Corral-Lugo
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael J McConnell
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Azimi S, Safari Zanjani L. Immunization against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Alg-PLGA nano-vaccine. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:476-482. [PMID: 34094029 PMCID: PMC8143718 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.52217.11813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the bacterium that causes of pulmonary infection among chronically hospitalized patients. Alginate is a common surface antigen of P. aeruginosa with a constant structure that which makes it an appropriate target for vaccines. In this study, P. aeruginosa alginate was conjugated with to PLGA nanoparticles, and its immunogenicity was characterized as a vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alginate was isolated from a mucoid strain of P. aeruginosa and conjugated with to PLGA with˝ N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride ˝= ˝EDAC˝ and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Chemical characterization of prepared nano-vaccine was performed using FTIR Spectroscopy, Zetasizer, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The immunogenicity of this nano-vaccine was evaluated through intramuscular injection into BALB/c mice. Four groups of mice were subjected to the injection of alginate-PLGA, and two weeks after the last administration step, opsonophagocytosis assay, IgG detection, challenge, and cytokine determination via ELISA were carried out. RESULTS Alginate-PLGA conjugation was corroborated by FTIR, Zetasizer, and AFM. The ELISA consequence showed that alginate was prospering in the instigation of the humoral immunity.The immunogenicity enhanced against the alginate-PLGA. Remarkably diminished bacterial titer in the spleen of the immunized mice posterior to challenge with PAO1 strain in comparison with the alginate alone and control groups. CONCLUSION The bacterial burden in the spleen significantly decreased after the challenge (P<0.05). The opsonic activity was significantly increased in the alginate- PLGA group (P<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Safari Zanjani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Zanjan Branch, Payame Noor of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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Micoli F, Bagnoli F, Rappuoli R, Serruto D. The role of vaccines in combatting antimicrobial resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:287-302. [PMID: 33542518 PMCID: PMC7861009 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-00506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of antibiotics has enabled the successful treatment of bacterial infections, saving the lives and improving the health of many patients worldwide. However, the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been highlighted as a global threat by different health organizations, and pathogens resistant to antimicrobials cause substantial morbidity and death. As resistance to multiple drugs increases, novel and effective therapies as well as prevention strategies are needed. In this Review, we discuss evidence that vaccines can have a major role in fighting AMR. Vaccines are used prophylactically, decreasing the number of infectious disease cases, and thus antibiotic use and the emergence and spread of AMR. We also describe the current state of development of vaccines against resistant bacterial pathogens that cause a substantial disease burden both in high-income countries and in low- and medium-income countries, discuss possible obstacles that hinder progress in vaccine development and speculate on the impact of next-generation vaccines against bacterial infectious diseases on AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Micoli
- grid.425088.3GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Siena, Italy
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9
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Karvouniaris M, Pontikis K, Nitsotolis T, Poulakou G. New perspectives in the antibiotic treatment of mechanically ventilated patients with infections from Gram-negatives. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 19:825-844. [PMID: 33270485 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1859369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common and potentially fatal complication of mechanical ventilation that is often caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Despite the repurposing of older treatments and the novel antimicrobials, many resistance mechanisms cannot be confronted, and novel therapies are needed.Areas covered: We searched the literature for keywords regarding the treatment of GNB infections in mechanically ventilated patients. This narrative review presents new data on antibiotics and non-antibiotic approaches focusing on Phase 3 trials against clinically significant GNB that cause VAP.Expert opinion: Ceftazidime-avibactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, and imipenem-relebactam stand out as new options for infections by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing bacteria, whereas ceftolozane-tazobactam adds therapeutic flexibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections with multiple resistance mechanisms. Ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam have relevant literature. Aztreonam-avibactam holds promise for the treatment of infections by metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing organisms. Recently approved cefiderocol possesses an extended antibacterial spectrum, including KPC- and MBL-producers. However, recently published data have toned down optimism about treating VAP caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. For the latter, eravacycline may provide additional hope, pending pertinent data. Non-antibiotic treatments currently being considered as adjunct therapeutic approaches are welcome. Nevertheless, they will hopefully substitute current antimicrobials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Karvouniaris
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Pontikis
- ICU First Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Nitsotolis
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Garyphallia Poulakou
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Sainz-Mejías M, Jurado-Martín I, McClean S. Understanding Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Host Interactions: The Ongoing Quest for an Efficacious Vaccine. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122617. [PMID: 33291484 PMCID: PMC7762141 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of chronic respiratory infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchiectasis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute infections in immunocompromised individuals. The adaptability of this opportunistic pathogen has hampered the development of antimicrobial therapies, and consequently, it remains a major threat to public health. Due to its antimicrobial resistance, vaccines represent an alternative strategy to tackle the pathogen, yet despite over 50 years of research on anti-Pseudomonas vaccines, no vaccine has been licensed. Nevertheless, there have been many advances in this field, including a better understanding of the host immune response and the biology of P. aeruginosa. Multiple antigens and adjuvants have been investigated with varying results. Although the most effective protective response remains to be established, it is clear that a polarised Th2 response is sub-optimal, and a mixed Th1/Th2 or Th1/Th17 response appears beneficial. This comprehensive review collates the current understanding of the complexities of P. aeruginosa-host interactions and its implication in vaccine design, with a view to understanding the current state of Pseudomonal vaccine development and the direction of future efforts. It highlights the importance of the incorporation of appropriate adjuvants to the protective antigen to yield optimal protection.
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11
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Bianconi I, Alcalá-Franco B, Scarselli M, Dalsass M, Buccato S, Colaprico A, Marchi S, Masignani V, Bragonzi A. Genome-Based Approach Delivers Vaccine Candidates Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3021. [PMID: 30687303 PMCID: PMC6334337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High incidence, severity and increasing antibiotic resistance characterize Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, highlighting the need for new therapeutic options. Vaccination strategies to prevent or limit P. aeruginosa infections represent a rational approach to positively impact the clinical outcome of risk patients; nevertheless this bacterium remains a challenging vaccine target. To identify novel vaccine candidates, we started from the genome sequence analysis of the P. aeruginosa reference strain PAO1 exploring the reverse vaccinology approach integrated with additional bioinformatic tools. The bioinformatic approaches resulted in the selection of 52 potential antigens. These vaccine candidates were conserved in P. aeruginosa genomes from different origin and among strains isolated longitudinally from cystic fibrosis patients. To assess the immune-protection of single or antigens combination against P. aeruginosa infection, a vaccination protocol was established in murine model of acute respiratory infection. Combinations of selected candidates, rather than single antigens, effectively controlled P. aeruginosa infection in the in vivo model of murine pneumonia. Five combinations were capable of significantly increase survival rate among challenged mice and all included PA5340, a hypothetical protein exclusively present in P. aeruginosa. PA5340 combined with PA3526-MotY gave the maximum protection. Both proteins were surface exposed by immunofluorescence and triggered a specific immune response. Combination of these two protein antigens could represent a potential vaccine to prevent P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bianconi
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatriz Alcalá-Franco
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Dalsass
- GSK, Siena, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Infection and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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12
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Micoli F, Costantino P, Adamo R. Potential targets for next generation antimicrobial glycoconjugate vaccines. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42:388-423. [PMID: 29547971 PMCID: PMC5995208 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface carbohydrates have been proven optimal targets for vaccine development. Conjugation of polysaccharides to a carrier protein triggers a T-cell-dependent immune response to the glycan moiety. Licensed glycoconjugate vaccines are produced by chemical conjugation of capsular polysaccharides to prevent meningitis caused by meningococcus, pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae type b. However, other classes of carbohydrates (O-antigens, exopolysaccharides, wall/teichoic acids) represent attractive targets for developing vaccines. Recent analysis from WHO/CHO underpins alarming concern toward antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as the so called ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) and additional pathogens such as Clostridium difficile and Group A Streptococcus. Fungal infections are also becoming increasingly invasive for immunocompromised patients or hospitalized individuals. Other emergencies could derive from bacteria which spread during environmental calamities (Vibrio cholerae) or with potential as bioterrorism weapons (Burkholderia pseudomallei and mallei, Francisella tularensis). Vaccination could aid reducing the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and provide protection by herd immunity also to individuals who are not vaccinated. This review analyzes structural and functional differences of the polysaccharides exposed on the surface of emerging pathogenic bacteria, combined with medical need and technological feasibility of corresponding glycoconjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena
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13
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Merakou C, Schaefers MM, Priebe GP. Progress Toward the Elusive Pseudomonas aeruginosa Vaccine. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2018; 19:757-768. [PMID: 30388058 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2018.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The gram-negative bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a wide range of infections, mostly in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients, those with burns, surgical wounds, or combat-related wounds, and in people with cystic fibrosis. The increasing antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa confers a pressing need for vaccines, yet there are no P. aeruginosa vaccines approved for human use, and recent promising candidates have failed in large clinical trials. Discussion: In this review, we summarize recent clinical trials and pre-clinical studies of P. aeruginosa vaccines and provide a suggested framework for the makeup of a future successful vaccine. Murine models of infection suggest that antibodies, specifically opsonophagocytic killing antibodies (OPK), antitoxin antibodies, and anti-attachment antibodies, combined with T cell immunity, specifically TH17 responses, are needed for broad and potent protection against P. aeruginosa infection. A better understanding of the human immune response to P. aeruginosa infections, and to vaccine candidates, will eventually pave the way to a successful vaccine for this wily pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Merakou
- 1 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew M Schaefers
- 1 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory P Priebe
- 1 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Alikhani Z, Salouti M, Ardestani MS. Synthesis and immunological evaluation of a nanovaccine based on PLGA nanoparticles and alginate antigen against infections caused by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aabfac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mauch RM, Jensen PØ, Moser C, Levy CE, Høiby N. Mechanisms of humoral immune response against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infection in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 17:143-152. [PMID: 29033275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
P. aeruginosa chronic lung infection is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and is characterized by a biofilm mode of growth, increased levels of specific IgG antibodies and immune complex formation. However, despite being designed to combat this infection, such elevated humoral response is not associated with clinical improvement, pointing to a lack of anti-pseudomonas effectiveness. The mode of action of specific antibodies, as well as their structural features, and even the background involving B-cell production, stimulation and differentiation into antibody-producing cells in the CF airways are poorly understood. Thus, the aim of this review is to discuss studies that have addressed the intrinsic features of the humoral immune response and provide new insights regarding its insufficiency in the CF context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Marrichi Mauch
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Denmark
| | - Carlos Emilio Levy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil; Laboratory of Microbiology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas (Campinas University Hospital), Brazil
| | - Niels Høiby
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen University Hospital), Denmark.
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16
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Beaume M, Köhler T, Greub G, Manuel O, Aubert JD, Baerlocher L, Farinelli L, Buckling A, van Delden C. Rapid adaptation drives invasion of airway donor microbiota by Pseudomonas after lung transplantation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40309. [PMID: 28094327 PMCID: PMC5240337 DOI: 10.1038/srep40309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, chronic airway infection by Pseudomonas leads to progressive lung destruction ultimately requiring lung transplantation (LT). Following LT, CF-adapted Pseudomonas strains, potentially originating from the sinuses, may seed the allograft leading to infections and reduced allograft survival. We investigated whether CF-adapted Pseudomonas populations invade the donor microbiota and adapt to the non-CF allograft. We collected sequential Pseudomonas isolates and airway samples from a CF-lung transplant recipient during two years, and followed the dynamics of the microbiota and Pseudomonas populations. We show that Pseudomonas invaded the host microbiota within three days post-LT, in association with a reduction in richness and diversity. A dominant mucoid and hypermutator mutL lineage was replaced after 11 days by non-mucoid strains. Despite antibiotic therapy, Pseudomonas dominated the allograft microbiota until day 95. We observed positive selection of pre-LT variants and the appearance of novel mutations. Phenotypic adaptation resulted in increased biofilm formation and swimming motility capacities. Pseudomonas was replaced after 95 days by a microbiota dominated by Actinobacillus. In conclusion, mucoid Pseudomonas adapted to the CF-lung remained able to invade the allograft. Selection of both pre-existing non-mucoid subpopulations and of novel phenotypic traits suggests rapid adaptation of Pseudomonas to the non-CF allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beaume
- Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Köhler
- Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Manuel
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J-D Aubert
- Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Service of Pulmonary Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - A Buckling
- ESI &CEC, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - C van Delden
- Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Vaccines for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: Possibility or Pipe Dream? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:143-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Dabral N, Jain-Gupta N, Seleem MN, Sriranganathan N, Vemulapalli R. Overexpression of Brucella putative glycosyltransferase WbkA in B. abortus RB51 leads to production of exopolysaccharide. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:54. [PMID: 26157707 PMCID: PMC4478442 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella spp. are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria that cause brucellosis in mammals. Brucella strains containing the O-polysaccharide in their cell wall structure exhibit a smooth phenotype whereas the strains devoid of the polysaccharide show rough phenotype. B. abortus strain RB51 is a stable rough attenuated mutant which is used as a licensed live vaccine for bovine brucellosis. Previous studies have shown that the wboA gene, which encodes a glycosyltransferase required for the synthesis of O-polysaccharide, is disrupted in B. abortus RB51 by an IS711 element. Although complementation of strain RB51 with a functional wboA gene results in O-polysaccharide synthesis in the cytoplasm, it does not result in smooth phenotype. The aim of this study was to determine if overexpression of Brucella WbkA or WbkE, two additional putative glycosyltransferases essential for O-polysaccharide synthesis, in strain RB51 would result in the O-polysaccharide synthesis and smooth phenotype. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of wbkA or wbkE gene in RB51 does not result in O-polysaccharide expression as shown by Western blotting with specific antibodies. However, wbkA, but not wbkE, overexpression leads to the development of a clumping phenotype and the production of exopolysaccharide(s) containing mannose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylgalactosamine. Moreover, we found that the clumping recombinant strain displays increased adhesion to polystyrene plates. The recombinant strain was similar to strain RB51 in its attenuation characteristic and in its ability to induce protective immunity against virulent B. abortus challenge in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dabral
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Neeta Jain-Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nammalwar Sriranganathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ramesh Vemulapalli
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Farjah A, Owlia P, Siadat SD, Mousavi SF, Ardestani MS, Mohammadpour HK. Immunological evaluation of an alginate-based conjugate as a vaccine candidate againstPseudomonas aeruginosa. APMIS 2014; 123:175-83. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farjah
- Department of Biology; Shahed University; Tehran Iran
- Department of Microbiology; Microbial research center; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Parviz Owlia
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center; Shahed University; Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Microbiology; Microbial research center; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Fazlollah Mousavi
- Department of Microbiology; Microbial research center; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Department of Radiopharmacy; Faculty of pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Science; Tehran Iran
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20
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Priebe GP, Goldberg JB. Vaccines for Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a long and winding road. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:507-19. [PMID: 24575895 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.890053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recognition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an opportunistic pathogen, no vaccine against this bacteria has come to market. This review describes the current state-of-the-art in vaccinology for this bacterium. This includes a discussion of those at risk for infection, the types of vaccines and the approaches for empirical and targeted antigen selection under development, as well as a perspective on where the field should go. In addition, the challenges in developing a vaccine for those individuals at risk are discussed.
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21
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Mao Z, Ye J, Li M, Xu H, Chen J. Vaccination efficiency of surface antigens and killed whole cell of Pseudomonas putida in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:375-381. [PMID: 23659996 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea), a major marine fish aquacultured in the southeastern coastal region of China, has become endangered by the pathogen Pseudomonas putida in recent years. P. putida infections occur in low water temperatures when fish reduce food intake, thus oral antibiotic administration is not practical. Therefore, vaccination may be the only method to prevent the infection. In the present study, main surface antigens of P. putida, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), outer membrane proteins (OMP), extracellular biofilm polysaccharide (EPS), and formalin-killed cell (FKC) bacterin, were prepared and the fish vaccinated. On post-immunization day 28, serum antibody titers, phagocytic responses of leukocytes, and lysozyme activities of the fish were evaluated. The efficiency of vaccination was tested by artificial challenge via intraperitoneal injection of live bacteria on post-immunization day 28 and 35, respectively. The results showed that although significant humoral and innate immune responses were elicited in all vaccination groups, the challenge produced similar poor protection in both tests, with a relative percent survival (RPS) of 0-40%. Although the EPS group showed a complete lack of protection, LPS reached the highest RPS value (40%), suggesting that LPS may be involved in protection immunity against the pathogen. Further analysis of the ultra-structures of tissues from infected fish via TEM revealed macrophage survival and intracellular replication ability of the pathogen. New strategies for development might put more emphasis on efficient clearance of intracellular bacteria. The present study is the first to report vaccination against the fish pathogen P. putida and the first investigation of intracellular survival of this pathogen in host macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Mao
- Biological and Environmental College, Zhejiang Wanli University, No. 8, South Qianhu Road, Ningbo 315100, China.
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22
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Cartilage and Ligament Tissue Engineering. Biomater Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-087780-8.00114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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23
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Sharma A, Krause A, Worgall S. Recent developments for Pseudomonas vaccines. HUMAN VACCINES 2011; 7:999-1011. [PMID: 21941090 DOI: 10.4161/hv.7.10.16369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a major health problem for immune-compromised patients and individuals with cystic fibrosis. A vaccine against: P. aeruginosa has long been sought after, but is so far not available. Several vaccine candidates have been assessed in experimental animals and humans, which include sub-cellular fractions, capsule components, purified and recombinant proteins. Unique characteristics of the host and the pathogen have complicated the vaccine development. This review summarizes the current state of vaccine development for this ubiquitous pathogen, in particular to provide mucosal immunity against infections of the respiratory tract in susceptible individuals with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Sharma
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Efficacy of a conjugate vaccine containing polymannuronic acid and flagellin against experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice. Infect Immun 2011; 79:3455-64. [PMID: 21628521 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00157-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines that could effectively prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infections in the settings of cystic fibrosis (CF) and nosocomial pneumonia could be exceedingly useful, but to date no effective immunotherapy targeting this pathogen has been successfully developed for routine use in humans. Evaluations using animals and limited human trials of vaccines and their associated immune effectors against different P. aeruginosa antigens have suggested that antibody to the conserved surface polysaccharide alginate, as well as the flagellar proteins, often give high levels of protection. However, alginate itself does not elicit protective antibody in humans, and flagellar vaccines containing the two predominant serotypes of this antigen may not provide sufficient coverage against variant flagellar types. To evaluate if combining these antigens in a conjugate vaccine would be potentially efficacious, we conjugated polymannuronic acid (PMA), containing the blocks of mannuronic acid conserved in all P. aeruginosa alginates, to type a flagellin (FLA) and evaluated immunogenicity, opsonic killing activity, and passive protective efficacy in mice. The PMA-FLA conjugate was highly immunogenic in mice and rabbits and elicited opsonic antibodies against mucoid but not nonmucoid P. aeruginosa, but nonetheless rabbit antibody to PMA-FLA showed evidence of protective efficacy against both types of this organism in a mouse lung infection model. Importantly, the PMA-FLA conjugate vaccine did not elicit antibodies that neutralized the Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)-activating activity of flagellin, an important part of innate immunity to flagellated microbial pathogens. Conjugation of PMA to FLA appears to be a promising path for developing a broadly protective vaccine against P. aeruginosa.
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25
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Jiang P, Li J, Han F, Duan G, Lu X, Gu Y, Yu W. Antibiofilm activity of an exopolysaccharide from marine bacterium Vibrio sp. QY101. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18514. [PMID: 21490923 PMCID: PMC3072402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides have always been suggested to play crucial roles in the bacterial initial adhesion and the development of complex architecture in the later stages of bacterial biofilm formation. However, Escherichia coli group II capsular polysaccharide was characterized to exert broad-spectrum biofilm inhibition activity. In this study, we firstly reported that a bacterial exopolysaccharide (A101) not only inhibits biofilm formation of many bacteria but also disrupts established biofilm of some strains. A101 with an average molecular weight of up to 546 KDa, was isolated and purified from the culture supernatant of the marine bacterium Vibrio sp. QY101 by ethanol precipitation, iron-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. High performance liquid chromatography traces of the hydrolyzed polysaccharides showed that A101 is primarily consisted of galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, rhamnose and glucosamine. A101 was demonstrated to inhibit biofilm formation by a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria without antibacterial activity. Furthermore, A101 displayed a significant disruption on the established biofilm produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but not by Staphylococcus aureus. Importantly, A101 increased the aminoglycosides antibiotics' capability of killing P. aeruginosa biofilm. Cell primary attachment to surfaces and intercellular aggregates assays suggested that A101 inhibited cell aggregates of both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, while the cell-surface interactions inhibition only occurred in S. aureus, and the pre-formed cell aggregates dispersion induced by A101 only occurred in P. aeruginosa. Taken together, these data identify the antibiofilm activity of A101, which may make it potential in the design of new therapeutic strategies for bacterial biofilm-associated infections and limiting biofilm formation on medical indwelling devices. The found of A101 antibiofilm activity may also promote a new recognition about the functions of bacterial exopolysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory For Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Wengong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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26
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Salinas CN, Anseth KS. Mesenchymal stem cells for craniofacial tissue regeneration: designing hydrogel delivery vehicles. J Dent Res 2009; 88:681-92. [PMID: 19734453 DOI: 10.1177/0022034509341553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial injuries require a variety of different cell types to repopulate areas of bone, cartilage, tendon, and fat. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide a multipotent cell source for tissue engineering of this area, particularly when the cells are delivered via a 3D hydrogel environment. MSC differentiation into cartilage, bone, and fat has been investigated through a variety of techniques, some of which include the use of synthetic hydrogel scaffolds, integration of extracellular matrix components and other natural gel chemistries, microparticle delivery of growth factors, simultaneous mechanical stimulation, and the delivery of microRNA. This review aims to summarize the most recent studies involving the synthesis and application of 3D hydrogels to induce the differentiation of encapsulated MSCs and their subsequent matrix production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Salinas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0424, USA
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27
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Abbas A, Parviz N, Reza GM. Microbiology influenced corrosion of painted anodized aluminum by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Vaccines and immunotherapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Vaccine 2008; 26:1011-24. [PMID: 18242792 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Pier G. Application of vaccine technology to prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Expert Rev Vaccines 2007; 4:645-56. [PMID: 16221066 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.4.5.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Development of an effective vaccine against the multiple presentations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, including nosocomial pneumonia, bloodstream infections, chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients and potentially sight-threatening keratitis in users of contact lenses, is a high priority. As with vaccine development for any pathogen, key information about the most effective immunologic effectors of immunity and target antigens needs to be established. For P. aeruginosa, although there is a role for cell-mediated immunity in animals following active vaccination, the bulk of the data indicate that opsonically-active antibodies provide the most effective mediators of acquired immunity. Major target antigens include the lipopolysaccharide O-polysaccharides, cell-surface alginate, flagella, components of the Type III secretion apparatus and outer membrane proteins with a potentially additive effect achieved by including immune effectors to toxins and proteases. A variety of active vaccination approaches have the potential for efficacy such as vaccination with purified or recombinant antigens incorporating multiple epitopes, conjugate vaccines incorporating proteins and carbohydrate antigens, and live attenuated vaccines, including heterologous antigen delivery systems expressing immunogenic P. aeruginosa antigens. A diverse range of passive immunotherapeutic approaches are also candidates for effective immunity, with a variety of human monoclonal antibodies described over the years with good preclinical efficacy and some early Phase I and II studies in humans. Finding an effective active and/or passive vaccination strategy for P. aeruginosa infections could be realized in the next 5 to 10 years, but will require that advances are made in the understanding of antigen expression and immune effectors that work in different human tissues and clinical settings, and also require a means to validate that clinical outcomes achieved in Phase III trials represent meaningful advances in management and treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Pier
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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30
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Kashef N, Behzadian-Nejad Q, Najar-Peerayeh S, Mousavi-Hosseini K, Moazzeni M, Djavid GE. Synthesis and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate–tetanus toxoid conjugate. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:1441-1446. [PMID: 17005795 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection withPseudomonas aeruginosais the main proven perpetrator of lung function decline and ultimate mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Mucoid strains of this bacterium elaborate mucoid exopolysaccharide, also referred to as alginate. Alginate-based immunization of naïve animals elicits opsonic antibodies and leads to clearance of mucoidP. aeruginosafrom the lungs. Alginate was isolated from mucoidP. aeruginosastrain 8821M by repeated ethanol precipitation, dialysis, proteinase and nuclease digestion, and chromatography. To improve immunogenicity, the purified antigen was coupled to tetanus toxoid (TT) with adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) as a spacer and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDAC) as a linker. The reaction mixture was passed through a Sepharose CL-4B column. The resulting conjugate was composed of TT and large-size alginate polymer at a ratio of about 3 : 1; it was non-toxic and non-pyrogenic, and elicited high titres of alginate-specific IgG. Antisera raised against the conjugate had high opsonic activity against the vaccine strain. The alginate conjugate was also able to protect mice against a lethal dose of mucoidP. aeruginosa. These data indicate that an alginate-based vaccine has significant potential to protect against chronic infection with mucoidP. aeruginosain the CF host.
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31
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Kipnis E, Sawa T, Wiener-Kronish J. Targeting mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis. Med Mal Infect 2006; 36:78-91. [PMID: 16427231 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2005.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for ventilator-acquired pneumonia, acute lower respiratory tract infections in immunocompromised patients and chronic respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients. High incidence, infection severity and increasing resistance characterize P. aeruginosa infections, highlighting the need for new therapeutic options. One such option is to target the many pathogenic mechanisms conferred to P. aeruginosa by its large genome encoding many different virulence factors. This article reviews the pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapies targeting these mechanisms in P. aeruginosa respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kipnis
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room s-261, Medical Science Building, Box 0542, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Hufnagel M, Kropec A, Theilacker C, Huebner J. Naturally acquired antibodies against four Enterococcus faecalis capsular polysaccharides in healthy human sera. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 12:930-4. [PMID: 16085910 PMCID: PMC1182185 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.12.8.930-934.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Healthy human sera (HHS) contain naturally acquired enterococcal antibodies which promote neutrophil-mediated killing. The target antigens remain unknown. The present study used a capsular polysaccharide (CPS)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate whether the HHS antibodies of 12 healthy donors bound to the CPS of four E. faecalis serotypes (CPS-A to CPS-D) and then employed an opsonic-killing assay to determine if these antibodies mediated phagocyte-dependent killing. All HHS contained immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies directed against capsular polysaccharides of the four serotypes. Absorption of the sera with homologous and heterologous strains showed a majority of antibodies to be cross-reactive among the prototype strains. The susceptibility of the four prototype strains to opsonic killing varied. Opsonic killing of CPS-A and CPS-B strains was significantly higher than killing of CPS-C and CPS-D strains. Absorption studies revealed that the opsonic killing of HHS was only partially type specific, with cross-reactivity between CPS-A and CPS-B strains and between CPS-C and CPS-D strains. These data indicate that healthy individuals possess opsonic antibodies specific for CPS-A and CPS-B but only low titers of opsonic antibodies against CPS-C and CPS-D. Titers of opsonic antibodies did not correlate with antibody titers measured by ELISA. Whether this lack of correlation is due to the low frequency of opsonic antibodies or to increased resistance to the opsonophagocytic killing of some serotypes remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hufnagel
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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33
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Sedlak-Weinstein E, Cripps AW, Kyd JM, Foxwell AR. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the potential to immunise against infection. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2005; 5:967-82. [PMID: 16018741 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.5.7.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains a serious pathogen for specific cohorts of patients where chronic infection is a poor prognostic indicator, such as those with cystic fibrosis, burn wounds or those who are immunocompromised. Significant disease burden is associated with a diverse spectrum of both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. To date, vaccines against P. aeruginosa have shown limited and often conflicting efficacy data, especially against heterologous strains, which are increasingly identified as co-colonisers of biofilms. While few studies have gone beyond Phase II clinical trials, a particular concern is the ability of P. aeruginosa to evade the immune system while provoking an immune response that contributes to the destructive nature of infection. Therefore, vaccine development needs to focus on preventing attachment and colonisation, as well as preventing conversion to a mucoid phenotype that is characteristic of the chronic condition that promotes pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sedlak-Weinstein
- Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, School of Medicine, PMB 50, Gold Coast Mail Centre, Queensland 9726, Australia
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34
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Ramsey DM, Wozniak DJ. Understanding the control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate synthesis and the prospects for management of chronic infections in cystic fibrosis. Mol Microbiol 2005; 56:309-22. [PMID: 15813726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04552.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have been dedicated to the study of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative, environmental bacterium that secretes the exopolysaccharide alginate during chronic lung infection of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Although P. aeruginosa utilizes a variety of factors to establish a successful infection in the lungs of CF patients, alginate has stood out as one of the best-studied prognostic indicators of chronic lung infection. While the genetics, biosynthesis and regulation of alginate are well understood, questions still remain concerning its role in biofilm development and its potential as a therapeutic target. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief summary of alginate biosynthesis and regulation, and to highlight recent discoveries in the areas of alginate production, biofilm formation and vaccine design. This information is placed in context with a proposed P. aeruginosa infectious pathway, highlighting avenues for the use of existing therapies as well as the potential for novel agents to reduce or eliminate chronic infections in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M Ramsey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd. Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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35
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Pier GB, Boyer D, Preston M, Coleman FT, Llosa N, Mueschenborn-Koglin S, Theilacker C, Goldenberg H, Uchin J, Priebe GP, Grout M, Posner M, Cavacini L. Human monoclonal antibodies to Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate that protect against infection by both mucoid and nonmucoid strains. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:5671-8. [PMID: 15494518 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.9.5671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two fully human mAbs specific for epitopes dependent on intact carboxylate groups on the C6 carbon of the mannuronic acid components of Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate were found to promote phagocytic killing of both mucoid and nonmucoid strains as well as protection against both types of strains in a mouse model of acute pneumonia. The specificity of the mAbs for alginate was determined by ELISA and killing assays. Some strains of P. aeruginosa did not make detectable alginate in vitro, but in vivo protection against lethal pneumonia was obtained and shown to be due to rapid induction of expression of alginate in the murine lung. No protection against strains genetically unable to make alginate was achieved. These mAbs have potential to be passive therapeutic reagents for all strains of P. aeruginosa and the results document that alginate is a target for the proper type of protective Ab even when expressed at low levels on phenotypically nonmucoid strains.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Alginates/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Bacterial/genetics
- Antibodies, Bacterial/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Glucuronic Acid/immunology
- Glucuronic Acid/metabolism
- Hexuronic Acids/immunology
- Hexuronic Acids/metabolism
- Humans
- Hybridomas
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/metabolism
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/microbiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Phagocytosis/immunology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/immunology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology
- Pneumonia, Bacterial/prevention & control
- Pseudomonas Infections/immunology
- Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology
- Pseudomonas Infections/prevention & control
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa/immunology
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa/pathogenicity
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Species Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald B Pier
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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36
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Baumann U, Mansouri E, von Specht BU. Recombinant OprF-OprI as a vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Vaccine 2004; 22:840-7. [PMID: 15040936 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on recombinant outer membranes has been developed. After intramuscularly injecting into patients with severe burns, antibodies against P. aeruginosa were induced. Vaccination was well tolerated. Intranasal application of the vaccine into volunteers, induced specific s-IgA antibodies. We conclude that the newly developed vaccine may be suitable for protection of the main risk groups of P. aeruginosa infections. In particular, for the protection of burn patients and patients with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Baumann
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Abteilung Pädiatrische Pneumonologie und Neonatalogie, 30623 Hannover, Germany
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37
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Abstract
The historic development of vaccines to be used as immunotherapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, in various patient populations, is reviewed. Commentary is offered concerning the relevance of each approach in light of our current understanding of the pathological process of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Alan Holder
- Department of Microbiology, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinati, Ohio 4529, USA.
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38
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Hufnagel M, Koch S, Kropec A, Huebner J. Opsonophagocytic assay as a potentially useful tool for assessing safety of enterococcal preparations. Int J Food Microbiol 2003; 88:263-7. [PMID: 14596999 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(03)00189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enterococci are commonly used in foods and food additives. A number of putative virulence factors are usually evaluated to assure that the strains used are not harmful. We propose an additional test to assess the safety of these bacteria by testing the susceptibility to opsonophagocytic killing. One probiotic Enterococcus faecalis strain was compared to a collection of 27 clinical isolates and our results indicate that 89% of the clinical strains were less susceptible to killing mediated by normal rabbit sera. Opsonophagocytic killing is the best in vitro surrogate for a protective immune response against bacteria, and the susceptibility of bacteria against normal rabbit sera indicates that these strains may not be able to survive in the bloodstream of the host. Further studies comparing a larger collection of pathogenic strains with commensal isolates are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hufnagel
- Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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39
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Göcke K, Baumann U, Hagemann H, Gabelsberger J, Hahn H, Freihorst J, von Specht BU. Mucosal vaccination with a recombinant OprF-I vaccine of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in healthy volunteers: comparison of a systemic vs. a mucosal booster schedule. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2003; 37:167-71. [PMID: 12832121 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-8244(03)00094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We compared the immunogenicity of two vaccination schedules with either a systemic or a mucosal booster, both following a mucosal primary vaccination with a recombinant outer membrane fusion protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OprF-I) in 12 healthy volunteers. The systemic booster induced higher levels of OprF-I-specific serum antibodies of IgG isotype, with a mean+/-S.E.M. of 32.6+/-7.8x10(7) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) units (EU) as compared to the nasal booster with 14.6+/-2.1x10(7) EU (P=0.05). Specific serum IgA antibodies and antibodies in saliva did not differ between the two vaccination groups. We conclude that a combined mucosal/systemic vaccination with the OprF-I vaccine may offer an enhanced systemic immunogenicity. Further studies on the long-term immunogenicity and induction of antibodies on the respiratory airway surface are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Göcke
- Paediatric Pulmonology and Neonatology, Hanover Medical School, 30623, Hanover, Germany
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40
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Theilacker C, Coleman FT, Mueschenborn S, Llosa N, Grout M, Pier GB. Construction and characterization of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid exopolysaccharide-alginate conjugate vaccine. Infect Immun 2003; 71:3875-84. [PMID: 12819072 PMCID: PMC162014 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.7.3875-3884.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deterioration of lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is closely associated with chronic pulmonary infection with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The mucoid exopolysaccharide (MEP) from P. aeruginosa has been shown to induce opsonic antibodies in mice that are protective against this chronic infection. MEP-specific opsonic antibodies are also commonly found in the sera of older CF patients lacking detectable P. aeruginosa infection. When used in a human vaccine trial, however, MEP only minimally induced opsonic antibodies. To evaluate whether conjugation of MEP to a carrier protein could improve its immunogenicity, we bound thiolated MEP to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) by using succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) as a linker. In contrast to the native MEP polymer, the MEP-KLH conjugate vaccine induced high titers of MEP-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in C3H-HeN mice and in a rabbit. Sera from mice immunized with MEP-KLH conjugate, but not from animals immunized with comparable doses of native MEP, demonstrated opsonic killing activity. Vaccination with MEP-KLH conjugate induced opsonic antibodies broadly cross-reactive to heterologous mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa. Preexisting nonopsonic antibodies to MEP are found in normal human sera, including young CF patients, and their presence impedes the induction of opsonic antibodies. Induction of nonopsonic antibodies by either intraperitoneal injection of MEP or injection or feeding of the cross-reactive antigen, seaweed alginate, reduced the level of overall IgG elicited by follow-up immunization with the MEP-KLH conjugate. However, the opsonic activity was lower only in the sera of MEP-KLH conjugate-immunized mice with preexisting antibodies induced by MEP but not with antibodies induced by seaweed alginate. Immunization with MEP-KLH elicited a significant proportion of antibodies specific to epitopes involving O-acetate residues, and this subpopulation of antibodies mediated opsonic killing of mucoid P. aeruginosa in vitro. These results indicate that conjugation of MEP to KLH significantly enhances its immunogenicity and the elicitation of opsonic antibodies in mice and rabbits, that the conjugate induces opsonic antibodies in the presence of preexisting nonopsonic antibodies, and that opsonic antibodies to MEP are directed at epitopes that include acetate residues on the uronic acid polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Theilacker
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5804, USA
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41
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Abstract
While originally characterized as a collection of related syndromes, cystic fibrosis (CF) is now recognized as a single disease whose diverse symptoms stem from the wide tissue distribution of the gene product that is defective in CF, the ion channel and regulator, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Defective CFTR protein impacts the function of the pancreas and alters the consistency of mucosal secretions. The latter of these effects probably plays an important role in the defective resistance of CF patients to many pathogens. As the modalities of CF research have changed over the decades from empirical histological studies to include biophysical measurements of CFTR function, the clinical management of this disease has similarly evolved to effectively address the ever-changing spectrum of CF-related infectious diseases. These factors have led to the successful management of many CF-related infections with the notable exception of chronic lung infection with the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The virulence of P. aeruginosa stems from multiple bacterial attributes, including antibiotic resistance, the ability to utilize quorum-sensing signals to form biofilms, the destructive potential of a multitude of its microbial toxins, and the ability to acquire a mucoid phenotype, which renders this microbe resistant to both the innate and acquired immunologic defenses of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Lyczak
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital,, Harvard Medical School,, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Carolyn L. Cannon
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital,, Harvard Medical School,, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Gerald B. Pier
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital,, Harvard Medical School,, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Channing Laboratory, 181 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115. Phone: (617) 525-2269. Fax: (617) 525-2510.
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42
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Holder IA. Pseudomonas vaccination and immunotherapy: an overview. THE JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & REHABILITATION 2001; 22:311-20. [PMID: 11570530 DOI: 10.1097/00004630-200109000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I A Holder
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Ohio 45229, USA
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43
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Larbig M, Mansouri E, Freihorst J, Tümmler B, Köhler G, Domdey H, Knapp B, Hungerer KD, Hundt E, Gabelsberger J, von Specht BU. Safety and immunogenicity of an intranasal Pseudomonas aeruginosa hybrid outer membrane protein F-I vaccine in human volunteers. Vaccine 2001; 19:2291-7. [PMID: 11257350 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(00)00550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid protein [Met-Ala-(His)(6) OprF(190-342)-OprI(21-83)] consisting of the mature outer membrane protein I (OprI) and amino acids 190-342 of OprF of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni(2+) chelate-affinity chromatography. After several studies in healthy volunteers, as well as in patients, had proven the tolerability and immunogenicity of the the OprF-OprI vaccine, after intra-muscular application, we developed an emulgel for intranasal immunization. For this purpose we combined a highly concentrated OprF-I with sodium dodecylsulfate as vehicle and the gel matrix natriumlauryl sulfate. After safety and pyrogenicity evaluations in animals, eight healthy adult human volunteers received the OprF-I gel intranasally three times at 2-week intervals. The vaccination was well tolerated and no side effects were observed. An antibody induction (IgG and IgA) could be detected in the sera. These data support continued clinical investigation of the protection against infections in cystic fibrosis patients and patients prone to P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Larbig
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Abteilung Pädiatrische Pneumologie und Neonatologie/Klinische Forschergruppe Mukoviszidose, 30623, Hannover, Germany
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44
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Pier GB, Coleman F, Grout M, Franklin M, Ohman DE. Role of alginate O acetylation in resistance of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa to opsonic phagocytosis. Infect Immun 2001; 69:1895-901. [PMID: 11179370 PMCID: PMC98099 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.3.1895-1901.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment and maintenance of chronic lung infections with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) require that the bacteria avoid host defenses. Elaboration of the extracellular, O-acetylated mucoid exopolysaccharide, or alginate, is a major microbial factor in resistance to immune effectors. Here we show that O acetylation of alginate maximizes the resistance of mucoid P. aeruginosa to antibody-independent opsonic killing and is the molecular basis for the resistance of mucoid P. aeruginosa to normally nonopsonic but alginate-specific antibodies found in normal human sera and sera of infected CF patients. O acetylation of alginate appears to be critical for P. aeruginosa resistance to host immune effectors in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Pier
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5804, USA.
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45
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Huebner J, Quaas A, Krueger WA, Goldmann DA, Pier GB. Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of antibodies to a capsular polysaccharide shared among vancomycin-sensitive and -resistant enterococci. Infect Immun 2000; 68:4631-6. [PMID: 10899866 PMCID: PMC98395 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.8.4631-4636.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are important nosocomial pathogens that are increasingly difficult to treat due to intrinsic and acquired resistance to antibiotics, including vancomycin. A recently described capsular polysaccharide (CP) isolated from Enterococcus faecalis 12030 was used to evaluate the potential efficacy of active or passive immunotherapy regimens as adjunctive treatments. Evaluation of protective efficacy was carried out in immunocompetent mice challenged intravenously (i.v.) with live enterococci. In nonimmune mice, i.v. inoculations resulted in high levels of bacteria in kidneys, spleens, and livers 5 days after challenge. Mice immunized with four 10-microg doses of CP antigen/mouse were protected against challenge with the homologous E. faecalis strain. High-titer opsonic immunoglobulin G was also induced by immunizing rabbits with the purified CP, and passive transfer of this antiserum to mice produced significantly lower bacterial counts in organs than did normal rabbit serum or sterile saline. Antibodies to the polysaccharide isolated from E. faecalis 12030 were protective against Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF and against two serologically related, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium clinical isolates. Antibodies to this CP antigen were also effective as a therapeutic reagent in mice when passive therapy was initiated 48 h after live bacterial challenge. These data indicate that CP antigens from enterococci are potential targets of protective antibodies and that these antibodies may be useful for prophylaxis and treatment of enterococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Huebner
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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46
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Cheung HY, Sun SQ, Sreedhar B, Ching WM, Tanner PA. Alterations in extracellular substances during the biofilm development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on aluminum plates. J Appl Microbiol 2000; 89:100-6. [PMID: 10945785 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The chemical moieties during biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on aluminium plates were examined for a period of 17 days. The effect of fluid shearing upon biofilm formation has also been investigated. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of the biofilm taken on the fifth day showed significant differences compared with the spectrum of the unattached bacterial cells, indicating that structural changes or modifications of the cell envelope had taken place during the development of the biofilm. Major changes were also observed in the spectrum during the subsequent development of the biofilm from day 5 to day 17. The increasing intensity of a band corresponding to the symmetric stretching mode of the carboxyl group indicated interactions between the carboxyl group and the aluminium surface. Increased bacterial colonization was also observed at the air-water interface of the aluminium plates when compared with the middle and the bottom parts. Changes in FTIR spectra of the biofilm at the bottom, at the middle, and at the air-water interface suggest that the mechanisms of bacterial attachment differed by a -COO(-) interaction at the air-water interface, and by both -COO(-) and NH3(+) groups beneath the water surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Cheung
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong.
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47
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Lee NG, Jung SB, Ahn BY, Kim YH, Kim JJ, Kim DK, Kim IS, Yoon SM, Nam SW, Kim HS, Park WJ. Immunization of burn-patients with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein vaccine elicits antibodies with protective efficacy. Vaccine 2000; 18:1952-61. [PMID: 10699346 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether the antibodies raised in burn patients by active immunization with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa OMPs vaccine have a protective efficacy against infection with P. aeruginosa. The binding patterns with P. aeruginosa OMPs of immunized burn patient sera were similar to the sera of immunized healthy humans as determined by immunoblot and immunoprecipitation analyses. The sera pooled from immunized burn patients after three immunizations showed a significantly higher opsonophagocytic-killing activity than the corresponding pre-immune sera, while the sera from unimmunized patients collected at the same day did not. Passive immunization of mice with post-immune sera of burn patients significantly enhanced the survival rate upon a lethal challenge with P. aeruginosa compared to the pre-immune sera, indicating the protective ability of the antibodies induced in burn patients by immunization. These results suggest that anti-P. aeruginosa OMPs antibodies elicited in burn patients by active immunization are protective against infection with P. aeruginosa, and provide a rational for further development of the vaccine for prevention against P. aeruginosa infection in burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Lee
- R&D Center of Bioscience, Institute of Science and Technology, Cheiljedang Corp., Ichon, Kyonggi, South Korea
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48
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Mansouri E, Gabelsberger J, Knapp B, Hundt E, Lenz U, Hungerer KD, Gilleland HE, Staczek J, Domdey H, von Specht BU. Safety and immunogenicity of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa hybrid outer membrane protein F-I vaccine in human volunteers. Infect Immun 1999; 67:1461-70. [PMID: 10024596 PMCID: PMC96482 DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.3.1461-1470.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A hybrid protein [Met-Ala-(His)6OprF190-342-OprI21-83] consisting of the mature outer membrane protein I (OprI) and amino acids 190 to 342 of OprF of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni2+ chelate-affinity chromatography. After safety and pyrogenicity evaluations in animals, four groups of eight adult human volunteers were vaccinated intramuscularly three times at 4-week intervals and revaccinated 6 months later with either 500, 100, 50, or 20 microg of OprF-OprI adsorbed onto A1(OH)3. All vaccinations were well tolerated. After the first vaccination, a significant rise of antibody titers against P. aeruginosa OprF and OprI was measured in volunteers receiving the 100- or the 500-microg dose. After the second vaccination, significant antibody titers were measured for all groups. Elevated antibody titers against OprF and OprI could still be measured 6 months after the third vaccination. The capacity of the elicited antibodies to promote complement binding and opsonization could be demonstrated by a C1q-binding assay and by the in vitro opsonophagocytic uptake of P. aeruginosa bacteria. These data support the continued development of an OprF-OprI vaccine for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mansouri
- Chirurgische Universitätsklinik der Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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49
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Jang IJ, Kim IS, Park WJ, Yoo KS, Yim DS, Kim HK, Shin SG, Chang WH, Lee NG, Jung SB, Ahn DH, Cho YJ, Ahn BY, Lee Y, Kim YG, Nam SW, Kim HS. Human immune response to a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein vaccine. Vaccine 1999; 17:158-68. [PMID: 9987150 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate in humans the safety and immunogenicity of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine composed of outer membrane proteins (OMPs), CFC-101, we carried out a phase I/IIa clinical trial in healthy male volunteers. Groups of six volunteers were immunized either subcutaneously (s.c.) or intramuscularly (i.m.) with three dosages of the vaccine three times at 7-day intervals. The vaccine was well tolerated by volunteers. Local reactions in the injection sites were generally mild and transient. Significant increases in OMP-specific antibody were observed in both route groups after vaccinations but was higher in the i.m.-immunized group, where vaccination with 0.5 or 1.0 mg doses yielded 100% seroconversion. The specificity of the induced antibodies to P. aeruginosa OMP was demonstrated by western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation assay. An increase in Clq-binding capacity and ability to confer mice protection from lethal challenges with P. aeruginosa indicated the protective efficacy of the elicited antibodies. Based on these data, we concluded that the P. aeruginosa OMP vaccine is safe and effective in humans with an optimal dose of 0.5 and 1.0 mg and that i.m. is the better route than s.c. for this vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Jang
- Department of Pharmacology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
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Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic bacterial pathogens in humans and animals. This organism is ubiquitous and has high intrinsic resistance to antibiotics due to the low permeability of the outer membrane and the presence of numerous multiple drug efflux pumps. Various cell-associated and secreted antigens of P. aeruginosa have been the subject of vaccine development. Among pseudomonas antigens, the mucoid substance, which is an extracellular slime consisting predominantly of alginate, was found to be heterogenous in terms of size and immunogenicity. High molecular mass alginate components (30-300 kDa) appear to contain conserved epitopes while lower molecular mass alginate components (10-30 kDa) possess conserved epitopes in addition to unique epitopes. Surface-exposed antigens including O-antigens (O-specific polysaccharide of LPS) or H-antigens (flagellar antigens) have been used for serotyping due to their highly immunogenic nature. Chemical structures of repeating units of O-specific polysaccharides have been elucidated and these data allowed the identification of 31 chemotypes of P. aeruginosa. Conserved epitopes among all serotypes of P. aeruginosa are located in the core oligosaccharide and the lipid A region of LPS and immunogens containing these epitopes induce cross-protective immunity in mice against different P. aeruginosa immunotypes. To examine the protective properties of OM proteins, a vaccine containing P. aeruginosa OM proteins of molecular masses ranging from 20 to 100 kDa has been used in pre-clinical and clinical trials. This vaccine was efficacious in animal models against P. aeruginosa challenge and induced high levels of specific antibodies in human volunteers. Plasma from human volunteers containing anti-P. aeruginosa antibodies provided passive protection and helped the recovery of 87% of patients with severe forms of P. aeruginosa infection. Vaccines prepared from P. aeruginosa ribosomes induced protective immunity in mice, but the efficacy of ribosomal vaccines in humans is not yet known. A number of recent studies indicated the potential of some P. aeruginosa antigens that deserve attention as new vaccine candidates. The outer core of LPS was implicated to be a ligand for binding of P. aeruginosa to airway and ocular epithelial cells of animals. However, heterogeneity exists in this outer core region among different serotypes. Epitopes in the inner core are highly conserved and it has been demonstrated to be surface-accessible, and not masked by O-specific polysaccharide. The use of an in vivo selection/expression technology (IVET) by a group of researchers identified a number of P. aeruginosa proteins that are expressed in vivo and essential for virulence. Two of these in vivo-expressed proteins are FptA (ferripyochelin receptor protein) and a homologue of an LPS biosynthetic enzyme. Our laboratory has identified a highly conserved protein, WbpM, and P. aeruginosa with a deficiency in this protein produces only rough LPS and became serum sensitive. Results from these studies have provided the foundation for a variety of vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Stanislavsky
- Mechinkov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia
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