1
|
Buonsenso D, Camporesi A, Viozzi F, Lazzareschi I, Manca L, Caci A, Menna D, Santangelo R, Sanguinetti M, Raffaelli F, Fiori B, Zampino G, Valentini P. Determinants of antibiotic prescription in children with adenovirus respiratory tract infections. Eur J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s00431-024-05615-2. [PMID: 38780652 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
We performed this study to evaluate factors associated with antibiotic prescriptions in children with adenovirus infection, since no studies have attempted to address this aspect in the pediatric population. Retrospective study of children younger than 18 years of age tested positive for adenovirus on a syndromic nasopharyngeal test from 2018 to 2023. We compared the need of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), invasive ventilation, and other respiratory support, viral etiologies, clinical presentations, imaging, and laboratory results in the precovid (2018-2019) and covid (2020-2022) period. The use of antibiotics was studied with multivariable logistic regression including demographic as well as clinical data as covariates. Two hundred fifty-eight patients were enrolled. One hundred fifty-eight patients received an antibiotic (mean duration 6.2 (±2.7) days (median 4; IQR: 4-7)). Presence of seizures and C-reactive protein values as predictors for antibiotic prescription (OR for seizures: 12.17; 95% CI: 1.42-103.91; p = 0.022; OR for CrP: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04; p = 0.001). Seventy-four patients received intravenous antibiotics (74/156, 47.4%). Risk factors for intravenous antibiotic were the presence of decay (OR: 3.74; 95% CI: 1.25-11.71; p = 0.018), CrP values (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.03; p = 0.001), and presence of seizures (OR: 16.34; 95% CI: 2.65-100.83; p = 0.003). Duration of intravenous antibiotics correlated with the presence of seizures (Coeff: 1.6; 95% CI: 0.41-2.89; p = 0.009) even when adjusted for CrP values. Conclusion: The clinical presentation of adenovirus infection in children is non-specific, leading to frequent antibiotic prescription despite bacterial co-infections was rare. Higher CrP values and presenting with seizures are significantly associated with a higher risk of receiving antibiotics. Rapid microbiological tests and newer biomarkers can help clinicians to improve antibiotic prescription in this cohort of children. What is Known: • Adenovirus infection is a common cause of fever and respiratory tract infections in children. • Children with adenovirus infections frequently receive antibiotics, but determinants of this practice are poorly established. What is New: • Higher C-reactive protein values and presenting with seizures are significantly associated with antibiotic prescription. • Since the beginning of COVID-19 and implementation of rapid diagnostics, less children with adenovirus infection received antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Buonsenso
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Centro di Salute Globale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Camporesi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, 'Vittore Buzzi' Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Viozzi
- Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lazzareschi
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Manca
- Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Caci
- Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Menna
- Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Santangelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie-Sezione di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie-Sezione di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Raffaelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Fiori
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Valentini
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Incidence of Respiratory Pathogens in Naval Special Warfare Sea, Air, and Land Team Candidates With Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema. Chest 2022; 163:1185-1192. [PMID: 36427538 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) is a respiratory condition frequently seen among Naval Special Warfare (NSW) trainees. The incidence of positive respiratory panel (RP) findings in trainees with a diagnosis of SIPE currently is unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION Does a significant difference exist in the incidence of respiratory pathogens in nasopharyngeal samples of NSW candidates with SIPE and a control group? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of clinical information from NSW Sea, Air, and Land (SEAL) team candidates with a diagnosis of SIPE over a 12-month period. Candidates who demonstrated the common signs and symptoms of SIPE underwent a nasopharyngeal swab and RP test for common respiratory pathogens. SIPE diagnoses were supported by two-view chest radiography. RP tests were obtained for a selected control group of first-phase trainees without SIPE. RESULTS Forty-five of 1,048 SEAL team candidates received a diagnosis of SIPE (4.3%). Five had superimposed pneumonia. Thirty-six of 45 showed positive results for at least one microorganism on the RP (80%). In the study group, human rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV) was the most frequently detected organism (37.8%), followed by coronavirus OC43 (17.8%), and parainfluenza virus type 3 (17.8%). Sixteen of 68 candidates from the control group showed positive RP (24%) findings. Patients with SIPE and positive RP results reported dyspnea (94%), pink frothy sputum (44%), and hemoptysis (22%) more frequently than the control participants with positive RP results. Those who reported respiratory infection symptoms in both the study and control groups showed higher incidences of positive RP results (P = .046). INTERPRETATION We observed that 80% of trainees with a diagnosis of SIPE showed positive results on a point-of-care RP. This positivity rate was significantly higher than that of RP test results from the control cohort. These findings suggest an association between colonization with a respiratory pathogen and the development of SIPE in NSW candidates.
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen D, Kong N, Wang H. Leading‐Edge Pulmonary Gene Therapy Approached by Barrier‐Permeable Delivery System: A Concise Review on Peptide System. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dinghao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Department of Chemistry Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang Province 310024 China
- Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang Province 310024 China
| | - Nan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Department of Chemistry Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang Province 310024 China
- Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang Province 310024 China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Department of Chemistry Westlake University 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang Province 310024 China
- Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou Zhejiang Province 310024 China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Freitas MVD, Frâncio L, Haleva L, Matte UDS. Protection is not always a good thing: The immune system's impact on gene therapy. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20220046. [PMID: 35852088 PMCID: PMC9295005 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many clinical trials underway for the development of gene therapies, and some have resulted in gene therapy products being commercially approved already. Significant progress was made to develop safer and more effective strategies to deliver and regulate genetic products. An unsolved aspect is the immune system, which can affect the efficiency of gene therapy in different ways. Here we present an overview of approved gene therapy products and the immune response elicited by gene delivery systems. These include responses against the vector or its content after delivery and against the product of the corrected gene. Strategies to overcome the hurdles include hiding the vector or/and the transgene product from the immune system and hiding the immune system from the vector/transgene product. Combining different strategies, such as patient screening and intelligent vector design, gene therapy is set to make a difference in the life of patients with severe genetic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martiela Vaz de Freitas
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Laboratório Células Tecidos e Genes, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Núcleo de Bioinformática Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lariane Frâncio
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Laboratório Células Tecidos e Genes, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Haleva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ursula da Silveira Matte
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Laboratório Células Tecidos e Genes, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Núcleo de Bioinformática Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cytokine Responses to Adenovirus and Adenovirus Vectors. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050888. [PMID: 35632630 PMCID: PMC9145601 DOI: 10.3390/v14050888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of cytokines and chemokines in response to adenovirus infection is tightly regulated by the innate immune system. Cytokine-mediated toxicity and cytokine storm are known clinical phenomena observed following naturally disseminated adenovirus infection in immunocompromised hosts as well as when extremely high doses of adenovirus vectors are injected intravenously. This dose-dependent, cytokine-mediated toxicity compromises the safety of adenovirus-based vectors and represents a critical problem, limiting their utility for gene therapy applications and the therapy of disseminated cancer, where intravenous injection of adenovirus vectors may provide therapeutic benefits. The mechanisms triggering severe cytokine response are not sufficiently understood, prompting efforts to further investigate this phenomenon, especially in clinically relevant settings. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on cytokine and chemokine activation in response to adenovirus- and adenovirus-based vectors and discuss the underlying mechanisms that may trigger acute cytokine storm syndrome. First, we review profiles of cytokines and chemokines that are activated in response to adenovirus infection initiated via different routes. Second, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that lead to cytokine and chemokine transcriptional activation. We further highlight how immune cell types in different organs contribute to synthesis and systemic release of cytokines and chemokines in response to adenovirus sensing. Finally, we review host factors that can limit cytokine and chemokine expression and discuss currently available and potential future interventional approaches that allow for the mitigation of the severity of the cytokine storm syndrome. Effective cytokine-targeted interventional approaches may improve the safety of systemic adenovirus delivery and thus broaden the potential clinical utility of adenovirus-based therapeutic vectors.
Collapse
|
6
|
Fierro NA, Rivera-Toledo E, Ávila-Horta F, Anaya-Covarrubias JY, Mendlovic F. Scavenger Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:175-191. [PMID: 35319302 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors (SR) are not only pattern recognition receptors involved in the immune response against pathogens but are also important receptors exploited by different virus to enter host cells, and thus represent targets for antiviral therapy. The high mutation rates of viruses, as well as their small genomes are partly responsible for the high rates of virus resistance and effective treatments remain a challenge. Most currently approved formulations target viral-encoded factors. Nevertheless, host proteins may function as additional targets. Thus, there is a need to explore and develop new strategies aiming at cellular factors involved in virus replication and host cell entry. SR-virus interactions have implications in the pathogenesis of several viral diseases and in adenovirus-based vaccination and gene transfer technologies, and may function as markers of severe progression. Inhibition of SR could reduce adenoviral uptake and improve gene therapy and vaccination, as well as reduce pathogenesis. In this review, we will examine the crucial role of SR play in cell entry of different types of human virus, which will allow us to further understand their role in protection and pathogenesis and its potential as antiviral molecules. The recent discovery of SR-B1 as co-factor of SARS-Cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) entry is also discussed. Further fundamental research is essential to understand molecular interactions in the dynamic virus-host cell interplay through SR for rational design of therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora A Fierro
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Evelyn Rivera-Toledo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Ávila-Horta
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Fela Mendlovic
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu J, Dean DA. Gene Therapy for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Physiol 2022; 12:786255. [PMID: 35111077 PMCID: PMC8801611 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.786255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating clinical syndrome that leads to acute respiratory failure and accounts for over 70,000 deaths per year in the United States alone, even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. While its molecular details have been teased apart and its pathophysiology largely established over the past 30 years, relatively few pharmacological advances in treatment have been made based on this knowledge. Indeed, mortality remains very close to what it was 30 years ago. As an alternative to traditional pharmacological approaches, gene therapy offers a highly controlled and targeted strategy to treat the disease at the molecular level. Although there is no single gene or combination of genes responsible for ARDS, there are a number of genes that can be targeted for upregulation or downregulation that could alleviate many of the symptoms and address the underlying mechanisms of this syndrome. This review will focus on the pathophysiology of ARDS and how gene therapy has been used for prevention and treatment. Strategies for gene delivery to the lung, such as barriers encountered during gene transfer, specific classes of genes that have been targeted, and the outcomes of these approaches on ARDS pathogenesis and resolution will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - David A. Dean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: David A. Dean,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Elkashif A, Alhashimi M, Sayedahmed EE, Sambhara S, Mittal SK. Adenoviral vector-based platforms for developing effective vaccines to combat respiratory viral infections. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1345. [PMID: 34667600 PMCID: PMC8510854 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the development of the first vaccine against smallpox over two centuries ago, vaccination strategies have been at the forefront of significantly impacting the incidences of infectious diseases globally. However, the increase in the human population, deforestation and climate change, and the rise in worldwide travel have favored the emergence of new viruses with the potential to cause pandemics. The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is a cruel reminder of the impact of novel pathogens and the suboptimal capabilities of conventional vaccines. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new vaccine strategies that allow the production of billions of doses in a short duration and are broadly protective against emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Extensive knowledge of the molecular biology and immunology of adenoviruses (Ad) has favored Ad vectors as platforms for vaccine design. The Ad-based vaccine platform represents an attractive strategy as it induces robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and can meet the global demand in a pandemic situation. This review describes the status of Ad vector-based vaccines in preclinical and clinical studies for current and emerging respiratory viruses, particularly coronaviruses, influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkashif
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Marwa Alhashimi
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Ekramy E Sayedahmed
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | | | - Suresh K Mittal
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, and Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchCollege of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Adenovirus Respiratory Infection in Children and Young Adults. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091885. [PMID: 34578465 PMCID: PMC8472906 DOI: 10.3390/v13091885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Adenoviruses (HAdV) are known to be potentially associated with strong inflammatory responses and morbidity in pediatric patients. Although most of the primary infections are self-limiting, the severity of clinical presentation, the elevation of the white blood cell count and inflammatory markers often mimic a bacterial infection and lead to an inappropriate use of antibiotics. In infections caused by HAdV, rapid antigen detection kits are advisable but not employed routinely; costs and feasibility of rapid syndromic molecular diagnosis may limit its use in the in-hospital setting; lymphocyte cultures and two-sampled serology are time consuming and impractical when considering the use of antibiotics. In this review, we aim to describe the principal diagnostic tools and the immune response in HAdV infections and evaluate whether markers based on the response of the host may help early recognition of HAdV and avoid inappropriate antimicrobial prescriptions in acute airway infections.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hofman L, Lawler SE, Lamfers MLM. The Multifaceted Role of Macrophages in Oncolytic Virotherapy. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081570. [PMID: 34452439 PMCID: PMC8402704 DOI: 10.3390/v13081570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the cancer hallmarks is immune evasion mediated by the tumour microenvironment (TME). Oncolytic virotherapy is a form of immunotherapy based on the application of oncolytic viruses (OVs) that selectively replicate in and induce the death of tumour cells. Virotherapy confers reciprocal interaction with the host’s immune system. The aim of this review is to explore the role of macrophage-mediated responses in oncolytic virotherapy efficacy. The approach was to study current scientific literature in this field in order to give a comprehensive overview of the interactions of OVs and macrophages and their effects on the TME. The innate immune system has a central influence on the TME; tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) generally have immunosuppressive, tumour-supportive properties. In the context of oncolytic virotherapy, macrophages were initially thought to predominantly contribute to anti-viral responses, impeding viral spread. However, macrophages have now also been found to mediate transport of OV particles and, after TME infiltration, to be subjected to a phenotypic shift that renders them pro-inflammatory and tumour-suppressive. These TAMs can present tumour antigens leading to a systemic, durable, adaptive anti-tumour immune response. After phagocytosis, they can recirculate carrying tissue-derived proteins, which potentially enables the monitoring of OV replication in the TME. Their role in therapeutic efficacy is therefore multifaceted, but based on research applying relevant, immunocompetent tumour models, macrophages are considered to have a central function in anti-cancer activity. These novel insights hold important clinical implications. When optimised, oncolytic virotherapy, mediating multifactorial inhibition of cancer immune evasion, could contribute to improved patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hofman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Sean E. Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Martine L. M. Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-010-703-5993
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Daussy CF, Pied N, Wodrich H. Understanding Post Entry Sorting of Adenovirus Capsids; A Chance to Change Vaccine Vector Properties. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071221. [PMID: 34202573 PMCID: PMC8310329 DOI: 10.3390/v13071221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus vector-based genetic vaccines have emerged as a powerful strategy against the SARS-CoV-2 health crisis. This success is not unexpected because adenoviruses combine many desirable features of a genetic vaccine. They are highly immunogenic and have a low and well characterized pathogenic profile paired with technological approachability. Ongoing efforts to improve adenovirus-vaccine vectors include the use of rare serotypes and non-human adenoviruses. In this review, we focus on the viral capsid and how the choice of genotypes influences the uptake and subsequent subcellular sorting. We describe how understanding capsid properties, such as stability during the entry process, can change the fate of the entering particles and how this translates into differences in immunity outcomes. We discuss in detail how mutating the membrane lytic capsid protein VI affects species C viruses' post-entry sorting and briefly discuss if such approaches could have a wider implication in vaccine and/or vector development.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang X, Pei Z, Hossain A, Bai Y, Chen G. Transcription factor-based gene therapy to treat glioblastoma through direct neuronal conversion. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0499. [PMID: 33755378 PMCID: PMC8330525 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive adult primary cancer in the central nervous system. Therapeutic approaches for GBM treatment are under intense investigation, including the use of emerging immunotherapies. Here, we propose an alternative approach to treat GBM through reprogramming proliferative GBM cells into non-proliferative neurons. METHODS Retroviruses were used to target highly proliferative human GBM cells through overexpression of neural transcription factors. Immunostaining, electrophysiological recording, and bulk RNA-seq were performed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the neuronal conversion of human GBM cells. An in vivo intracranial xenograft mouse model was used to examine the neuronal conversion of human GBM cells. RESULTS We report efficient neuronal conversion from human GBM cells by overexpressing single neural transcription factor Neurogenic differentiation 1 (NeuroD1), Neurogenin-2 (Neurog2), or Achaete-scute homolog 1 (Ascl1). Subtype characterization showed that the majority of Neurog2- and NeuroD1-converted neurons were glutamatergic, while Ascl1 favored GABAergic neuron generation. The GBM cell-converted neurons not only showed pan-neuronal markers but also exhibited neuron-specific electrophysiological activities. Transcriptome analyses revealed that neuronal genes were activated in glioma cells after overexpression of neural transcription factors, and different signaling pathways were activated by different neural transcription factors. Importantly, the neuronal conversion of GBM cells was accompanied by significant inhibition of GBM cell proliferation in both in vitro and in vivo models. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GBM cells can be reprogrammed into different subtypes of neurons, leading to a potential alternative approach to treat brain tumors using in vivo cell conversion technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zifei Pei
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Aasma Hossain
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yuting Bai
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Amanat F, Strohmeier S, Rathnasinghe R, Schotsaert M, Coughlan L, García-Sastre A, Krammer F. Introduction of Two Prolines and Removal of the Polybasic Cleavage Site Lead to Higher Efficacy of a Recombinant Spike-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in the Mouse Model. mBio 2021; 12:e02648-20. [PMID: 33653892 PMCID: PMC8092267 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02648-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the prime target for vaccine development. The spike protein mediates both binding to host cells and membrane fusion and is also so far the only known viral target of neutralizing antibodies. Coronavirus spike proteins are large trimers that are relatively unstable, a feature that might be enhanced by the presence of a polybasic cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 spike. Exchange of K986 and V987 for prolines has been shown to stabilize the trimers of SARS-CoV-1 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike proteins. Here, we test multiple versions of a soluble spike protein for their immunogenicity and protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in a mouse model that transiently expresses human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 via adenovirus transduction. Variants tested include spike proteins with a deleted polybasic cleavage site, proline mutations, or a combination thereof, besides the wild-type protein. While all versions of the protein were able to induce neutralizing antibodies, only the antigen with both a deleted cleavage site and the K986P and V987P (PP) mutations completely protected from challenge in this mouse model.IMPORTANCE A vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed. A better understanding of antigen design and attributes that vaccine candidates need to have to induce protective immunity is of high importance. The data presented here validate the choice of antigens that contain the PP mutations and suggest that deletion of the polybasic cleavage site may lead to a further-optimized design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Raveen Rathnasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lynda Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chow MYT, Chang RYK, Chan HK. Inhalation delivery technology for genome-editing of respiratory diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:217-228. [PMID: 32512029 PMCID: PMC7274121 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has significant therapeutic potentials for lung congenital diseases such as cystic fibrosis, as well as other pulmonary disorders like lung cancer and obstructive diseases. Local administration of CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutics through inhalation can achieve high drug concentration and minimise systemic exposure. While the field is advancing with better understanding on the biological functions achieved by CRISPR/Cas9 systems, the lack of progress in inhalation formulation and delivery of the molecule may impede their clinical translation efficiently. This forward-looking review discussed the current status of formulations and delivery for inhalation of relevant biologics such as genes (plasmids and mRNAs) and proteins, emphasising on their design strategies and preparation methods. By adapting and optimising formulation strategies used for genes and proteins, we envisage that development of inhalable CRISPR/Cas9 liquid or powder formulations for inhalation administration can potentially be fast-tracked in near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y T Chow
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Delivery of genome-editing biomacromolecules for treatment of lung genetic disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 168:196-216. [PMID: 32416111 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-editing systems based on clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/associated protein (CRISPR/Cas), are emerging as a revolutionary technology for the treatment of various genetic diseases. To date, the delivery of genome-editing biomacromolecules by viral or non-viral vectors have been proposed as new therapeutic options for lung genetic disorders, such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and α-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), and it has been accepted that these delivery vectors can introduce CRISPR/Cas9 machineries into target cells or tissues in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. However, the efficient local or systemic delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 elements to the lung, enabled by either viral or by non-viral carriers, still remains elusive. Herein, we first introduce lung genetic disorders and their current treatment options, and then summarize CRISPR/Cas9-based strategies for the therapeutic genome editing of these disorders. We further summarize the pros and cons of different routes of administration for lung genetic disorders. In particular, the potentials of aerosol delivery for therapeutic CRISPR/Cas9 biomacromolecules for lung genome editing are discussed and highlighted. Finally, current challenges and future outlooks in this emerging area are briefly discussed.
Collapse
|
16
|
Rathnasinghe R, Strohmeier S, Amanat F, Gillespie VL, Krammer F, García-Sastre A, Coughlan L, Schotsaert M, Uccellini MB. Comparison of transgenic and adenovirus hACE2 mouse models for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:2433-2445. [PMID: 33073694 PMCID: PMC7655046 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1838955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently causing a worldwide pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. Development of animal models that recapitulate important aspects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critical for the evaluation of vaccines and antivirals, and understanding disease pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to use the same entry receptor as SARS-CoV-1, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) [1-3]. Due to amino acid differences between murine and hACE2, inbred mouse strains fail to support high titer viral replication of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Therefore, a number of transgenic and knock-in mouse models, as well as viral vector-mediated hACE2 delivery systems have been developed. Here we compared the K18-hACE2 transgenic model to adenovirus-mediated delivery of hACE2 to the mouse lung. We show that K18-hACE2 mice replicate virus to high titers in the nasal turbinates, lung and brain, with high lethality, and cytokine/chemokine production. In contrast, adenovirus-mediated delivery results in viral replication to lower titers limited to the nasal turbinates and lung, and no clinical signs of infection. The K18-hACE2 model provides a stringent model for testing vaccines and antivirals, whereas the adenovirus delivery system has the flexibility to be used across multiple genetic backgrounds and modified mouse strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raveen Rathnasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Virginia L. Gillespie
- The Center for Comparative Medicine and Surgery (CCMS) Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynda Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health (CVD), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa B. Uccellini
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Biserni GB, Dondi A, Masetti R, Bandini J, Dormi A, Conti F, Pession A, Lanari M. Immune Response against Adenovirus in Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Immunocompetent Children. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040602. [PMID: 33066100 PMCID: PMC7711544 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURTIs) caused by Adenoviruses, the mix of severe clinical presentation, together with elevation of white blood cells (WBCs) and C-reactive protein (CRP), often mimicking bacterial infection, leads to an inappropriate use of antibiotics. We studied 23 immunocompetent children admitted to our Pediatric Emergency Unit with signs of acute Adenoviral AURTIs, aiming at better clarifying the biological background sustaining this clinical presentation. Infection etiology was tested with nasopharyngeal swabs, serology, and DNA-PCR. During fever peaks and subsequent recovery, we assessed WBC count with differential, CRP, procalcitonin, serum concentration of six inflammatory cytokines, and lymphocyte subset populations. Results: IL-6 and IL-8 were found elevated in the acute phase, whereas a significant decrease during recovery was found for IL-6 and IL-10. We highlighted an increase of B lymphocytes in the acute phase; conversely, during recovery, an increase in T regulatory cells was noted. Monocytes and leukocytes were found markedly elevated during fever peaks compared to convalescence. All patients recovered uneventfully. The composition of lymphocyte population subsets and serum alterations are the main drivers of an overprescribed antibiotic. Examination of hospital admissions and performance is needed in further investigations to rule out bacterial infections or inflammatory syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Battista Biserni
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Arianna Dondi
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.B.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Pediatric Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.M.); (J.B.); (F.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Jessica Bandini
- Pediatric Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.M.); (J.B.); (F.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Ada Dormi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Francesca Conti
- Pediatric Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.M.); (J.B.); (F.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (R.M.); (J.B.); (F.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.B.); (M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rathnasinghe R, Strohmeier S, Amanat F, Gillespie VL, Krammer F, García-Sastre A, Coughlan L, Schotsaert M, Uccellini M. Comparison of Transgenic and Adenovirus hACE2 Mouse Models for SARS-CoV-2 Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.07.06.190066. [PMID: 32676603 PMCID: PMC7359525 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.06.190066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently causing a worldwide pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. Development of animal models that recapitulate important aspects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critical for the evaluation of vaccines and antivirals, and understanding disease pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to use the same entry receptor as SARS-CoV-1, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2)(1-3). Due to amino acid differences between murine and hACE2, inbred mouse strains fail to support high titer viral replication of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Therefore, a number of transgenic and knock-in mouse models, as well as viral vector-mediated hACE2 delivery systems have been developed. Here we compared the K18-hACE2 transgenic model to adenovirus-mediated delivery of hACE2 to the mouse lung. We show that K18-hACE2 mice replicate virus to high titers in both the lung and brain leading to lethality. In contrast, adenovirus-mediated delivery results in viral replication to lower titers limited to the lung, and no clinical signs of infection with a challenge dose of 10 4 plaque forming units. The K18-hACE2 model provides a stringent model for testing the ability of vaccines and antivirals to protect against disease, whereas the adenovirus delivery system has the flexibility to be used across multiple genetic backgrounds and modified mouse strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raveen Rathnasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Virginia L. Gillespie
- The Center for Comparative Medicine and Surgery (CCMS) Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lynda Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Melissa Uccellini
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Coughlan L. Factors Which Contribute to the Immunogenicity of Non-replicating Adenoviral Vectored Vaccines. Front Immunol 2020; 11:909. [PMID: 32508823 PMCID: PMC7248264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors are a safe and potently immunogenic vaccine delivery platform. Non-replicating Ad vectors possess several attributes which make them attractive vaccines for infectious disease, including their capacity for high titer growth, ease of manipulation, safety, and immunogenicity in clinical studies, as well as their compatibility with clinical manufacturing and thermo-stabilization procedures. In general, Ad vectors are immunogenic vaccines, which elicit robust transgene antigen-specific cellular (namely CD8+ T cells) and/or humoral immune responses. A large number of adenoviruses isolated from humans and non-human primates, which have low seroprevalence in humans, have been vectorized and tested as vaccines in animal models and humans. However, a distinct hierarchy of immunological potency has been identified between diverse Ad vectors, which unfortunately limits the potential use of many vectors which have otherwise desirable manufacturing characteristics. The precise mechanistic factors which underlie the profound disparities in immunogenicity are not clearly defined and are the subject of ongoing, detailed investigation. It has been suggested that a combination of factors contribute to the potent immunogenicity of particular Ad vectors, including the magnitude and duration of vaccine antigen expression following immunization. Furthermore, the excessive induction of Type I interferons by some Ad vectors has been suggested to impair transgene expression levels, dampening subsequent immune responses. Therefore, the induction of balanced, but not excessive stimulation of innate signaling is optimal. Entry factor binding or receptor usage of distinct Ad vectors can also affect their in vivo tropism following administration by different routes. The abundance and accessibility of innate immune cells and/or antigen-presenting cells at the site of injection contributes to early innate immune responses to Ad vaccination, affecting the outcome of the adaptive immune response. Although a significant amount of information exists regarding the tropism determinants of the common human adenovirus type-5 vector, very little is known about the receptor usage and tropism of rare species or non-human Ad vectors. Increased understanding of how different facets of the host response to Ad vectors contribute to their immunological potency will be essential for the development of optimized and customized Ad vaccine platforms for specific diseases.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang YP, Cui QY, Zhang TM, Yi Y, Nie JJ, Xie GH, Wu JH. Chloroquine pretreatment attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain of ob/ob diabetic mice as well as wildtype mice. Brain Res 2020; 1726:146518. [PMID: 31647899 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chloroquine, a prototype anti-malaria drug, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, chloroquine pretreatment could improve DNA damage repair. It is therefore reasonable to hypothesize that chloroquine pretreatment could attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury in the brain. Considering the fact that chloroquine could also improve glucose metabolism, we speculated that the potential effects of chloroquine on ischemia/reperfusion injury might be particularly pronounced in diabetic mice. In this study, chloroquine pretreatment protected neurons from Oxygen Glucose Deprivation (OGD) induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. In vivo, Ob/ob mice and wildtype (WT) mice were pretreated with chloroquine for 3 weeks. Then, ischemic stroke was induced by 60 min Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO). We found that chloroquine pretreatment normalized blood glucose in diabetic ob/ob mice, and reduced cerebral damage after ischemic stroke especially for diabetic mice. In addition, chloroquine pretreatment reduced High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) content in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum and lowered myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and inflammatory cytokines gene expression both in the ob/ob diabetic mice and WT mice. Moreover, harmful DNA damage-signaling responses, including PARP activation and p53 activation, were also attenuated by chloroquine pretreatment in these two kinds of mice. In conclusion, chloroquine pretreatment could reduce cerebral damage after ischemic stroke especially in diabetic mice through multiple mechanisms, which include reducing neural cell DNA injury, restoring euglycemia and anti-inflammatory effects. The findings may provide potential for the development of chloroquine in the prevention and treatment of stroke in diabetic high-risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Pei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Cui
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yao Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jun-Jie Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guang-Hui Xie
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang L, Wu T, Yan S, Wang Y, An J, Wu C, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Fu Q, Wang D, Zhan L. M1-polarized alveolar macrophages are crucial in a mouse model of transfusion-related acute lung injury. Transfusion 2019; 60:303-316. [PMID: 31782162 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) progress is incompletely understood, and specific therapies for TRALI are lacking. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are critical for initiation and resolution of lung inflammation. However, the role of AMs in the pathogenesis of TRALI-associated lung failure is poorly understood. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Mouse model for in vivo imaging of interleukin (IL)-6 activation in AMs was established by intratracheal instillation of a lentiviral vector carrying the luciferase reporter gene. The TRALI mouse model was produced by intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide plus intravenous major histocompatibility complex Class I monoclonal antibody treatment. We focused on the changes in AMs in the lung during TRALI and examined whether targeting AMs is an effective strategy to alleviate this condition. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We confirmed that TRALI progress is accompanied by IL-6 activation in AMs. Further study showed that AMs undergo M1 activation during TRALI progress. AM depletion protected mice from TRALI, and transfusion of M1-polarized AMs into 34-1-2 s-treated mice elevated acute lung injury, indicating that the severity of TRALI was able to be ameliorated by targeting AM polarization. Next, we showed that α1 -antitrypsin (AAT) expression improved lung injury by modulating the production of IL-6 in AMs and decreased polarization of AMs toward the M1 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS M1-polarized AMs are crucial in a mouse model of TRALI, and AAT may serve as a future treatment for TRALI by regulating the polarization of AMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoduo Yan
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of life science and technology, Shanghaitech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie An
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyi Wu
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyuan Ma
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxia Fu
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donggen Wang
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linsheng Zhan
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
van den Bossche WBL, Kleijn A, Teunissen CE, Voerman JSA, Teodosio C, Noske DP, van Dongen JJM, Dirven CMF, Lamfers MLM. Oncolytic virotherapy in glioblastoma patients induces a tumor macrophage phenotypic shift leading to an altered glioblastoma microenvironment. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1494-1504. [PMID: 29796615 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunosuppressive protumoral M2 macrophages are important in pathogenesis, progression, and therapy resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) and provide a target for therapy. Recently oncolytic virotherapy in murine models was shown to change these M2 macrophages toward the pro-inflammatory and antitumoral M1 phenotype. Here we study the effects of the oncolytic virotherapy Delta24-RGD in humans, using both in vitro models and patient material. Methods Human monocyte-derived macrophages were co-cultured with Delta24-RGD-infected primary glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) and were analyzed for their immunophenotype, cytokine expression, and secretion profiles. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 18 Delta24-RGD-treated patients was analyzed for inflammatory cytokine levels, and the effects of these CSF samples on macrophage phenotype in vitro were determined. In addition, tumor macrophages in resected material from a Delta24-RGD-treated GBM patient were compared with 5 control GBM patient samples by flow cytometry. Results Human monocyte-derived M2 macrophages co-cultured with Delta24-RGD-infected GSCs shifted toward an M1-immunophenotype, coinciding with pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production. This phenotypic switch was induced by the concerted effects of a change in tumor-produced soluble factors and the presence of viral particles. CSF samples from Delta24-RGD-treated GBM patients revealed cytokine levels indicative of a pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Furthermore, tumoral macrophages in a Delta24-RGD-treated patient showed significantly greater M1 characteristics than in control GBM tissue. Conclusion Together these in vitro and patient studies demonstrate that local Delta24-RGD therapy may provide a therapeutic tool to promote a prolonged shift in the protumoral M2 macrophages toward M1 in human GBM, inducing a pro-inflammatory and potentially tumor-detrimental microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter B L van den Bossche
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne Kleijn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jane S A Voerman
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cristina Teodosio
- Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - David P Noske
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jacques J M van Dongen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Clemens M F Dirven
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martine L M Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carlin CR. New Insights to Adenovirus-Directed Innate Immunity in Respiratory Epithelial Cells. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7080216. [PMID: 31349602 PMCID: PMC6723309 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7080216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) family of transcription factors is a key component of the host innate immune response to infectious adenoviruses and adenovirus vectors. In this review, we will discuss a regulatory adenoviral protein encoded by early region 3 (E3) called E3-RIDα, which targets NFκB through subversion of novel host cell pathways. E3-RIDα down-regulates an EGF receptor signaling pathway, which overrides NFκB negative feedback control in the nucleus, and is induced by cell stress associated with viral infection and exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. E3-RIDα also modulates NFκB signaling downstream of the lipopolysaccharide receptor, Toll-like receptor 4, through formation of membrane contact sites controlling cholesterol levels in endosomes. These innate immune evasion tactics have yielded unique perspectives regarding the potential physiological functions of host cell pathways with important roles in infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen R Carlin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
More than 80 different adenovirus (AdV) types infect humans through the respiratory, ocular, or gastrointestinal tracts. They cause acute clinical mani-festations or persist under humoral and cell-based immunity. Immuno-suppressed individuals are at risk of death from an AdV infection. Concepts about cell entry of AdV build on strong foundations from molecular and cellular biology-and increasingly physical virology. Here, we discuss how virions enter and deliver their genome into the nucleus of epithelial cells. This process breaks open the virion at distinct sites because the particle has nonisometric mechanical strength and reacts to specific host factors along the entry pathway. We further describe how macrophages and dendritic cells resist AdV infection yet enhance productive entry into polarized epithelial cells. A deep understanding of the viral mechanisms and cell biological and biophysical principles will continue to unravel how epithelial and antigen-presenting cells respond to AdVs and control inflammation and persistence in pathology and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Justin W Flatt
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hunegnaw R, Mushtaq Z, Enyindah-Asonye G, Hoang T, Robert-Guroff M. Alveolar Macrophage Dysfunction and Increased PD-1 Expression During Chronic SIV Infection of Rhesus Macaques. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1537. [PMID: 31333668 PMCID: PMC6618664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infected individuals have been shown to be pre-disposed to pulmonary infections even while receiving anti-retroviral therapy. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a critical role in lung innate immunity, but contradictory results have been reported regarding their functionality following HIV infection. Here, using the SIV rhesus macaque model, we document the effect of SIV infection on the phenotypic and functional properties of AMs. Following infection with SIVmac251, AMs in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sampled over 2- to 20-weeks post-infection (wpi) were compared to those in BAL samples from naïve macaques. AM expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and chemokine RANTES drastically increased 2-wpi compared to AMs of naïve macaques (p < 0.0001 for all), but dropped significantly with progression to chronic infection. Phagocytic activity of AMs 2-and 4-wpi was elevated compared to AMs of naive animals (p = 0.0005, p = 0.0004, respectively) but significantly decreased by 12-wpi (p = 0.0022, p = 0.0019, respectively). By 20-wpi the ability of AMs from chronically infected animals to perform SIV-specific antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADP) was also diminished (p = 0.028). Acute SIV infection was associated with increased FcγRIII expression which subsequently declined with disease progression. Frequency of FcγRIII+ AMs showed a strong trend toward correlation with SIV-specific ADP, and at 2-wpi FcγRIII expression negatively correlated with viral load (r = -0.6819; p = 0.0013), suggesting a contribution to viremia control. Importantly, PD-1 was found to be expressed on AMs and showed a strong trend toward correlation with plasma viral load (r = 0.8266; p = 0.058), indicating that similar to over-expression on T-cells, PD-1 expression on AMs may also be associated with disease progression. Further, AMs predominantly expressed PD-L2, which remained consistent over the course of infection. PD-1 blockade enhanced SIV-specific ADP by AMs from chronic infection indicating that the PD-1/PD-L2 pathway may modulate functional activity of AMs at that stage. These findings provide new insight into the dynamics of SIV infection leading to AM dysfunction and alteration of pulmonary innate immunity. Our results suggest new pathways to exploit in developing therapies targeting pulmonary disease susceptibility in HIV-infected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Hunegnaw
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zuena Mushtaq
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gospel Enyindah-Asonye
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tanya Hoang
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tay MZ, Wiehe K, Pollara J. Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis in Antiviral Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:332. [PMID: 30873178 PMCID: PMC6404786 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral activities of antibodies may either be dependent only on interactions between the antibody and cognate antigen, as in binding and neutralization of an infectious virion, or instead may require interactions between antibody-antigen immune complexes and immunoproteins or Fc receptor expressing immune effector cells. These Fc receptor-dependent antibody functions provide a direct link between the innate and adaptive immune systems by combining the potent antiviral activity of innate effector cells with the diversity and specificity of the adaptive humoral response. The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. In this review, we discuss the properties of Fc receptors, antibodies, and effector cells that influence ADCP. We also provide and interpret evidence from studies that support a potential role for ADCP in either inhibiting or enhancing viral infection. Finally, we describe current approaches used to measure antiviral ADCP and discuss considerations for the translation of studies performed in animal models. We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Zirui Tay
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Justin Pollara
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Targeted Gene Delivery through the Respiratory System: Rationale for Intratracheal Gene Transfer. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:jcdd6010008. [PMID: 30781363 PMCID: PMC6462990 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in DNA- and RNA-based technologies have made gene therapy suitable for many lung diseases, especially those that are hereditary. The main objective of gene therapy is to deliver an adequate amount of gene construct to the intended target cell, achieve stable transduction in target cells, and to produce a clinically therapeutic effect. This review focuses on the cellular organization in the normal lung and how gene therapy targets the specific cell types that are affected by pulmonary disorders caused by genetic mutations. Furthermore, it examines the pulmonary barriers that can compromise the absorption and transduction of viral vectors and genetic agents by the lung. Finally, it discusses the advantages and limitations of direct intra-tracheal gene delivery with different viral vectors in small and large animal models and in clinical trials.
Collapse
|
28
|
Powell RLR, Fox A, Itri V, Zolla-Pazner S. Primary Human Neutrophils Exhibit a Unique HIV-Directed Antibody-Dependent Phagocytosis Profile. J Innate Immun 2018; 11:181-190. [PMID: 30557875 DOI: 10.1159/000494371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The only clinical HIV vaccine trial to demonstrate efficacy, RV144, correlated protection with the antibodies (Abs) mediating function via the "constant" immunoglobulin region, the crystallizable fragment (Fc). These data have supported a focus on the induction of Abs by vaccines that trigger antiviral activities by relevant leukocytes via Fc receptors (FcRs). Neutrophils are phagocytes that comprise > 50% of leukocytes and display unique FcRs. We sought to compare the Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) activity of human neutrophils to the commonly assayed THP-1 cell line. HIV-specific Abs were employed to elicit ADCP of beads coated with HIV envelope protein. Overall, trends were noted among neutrophil donors and the ADCP profile was different from that of THP-1 cells. mAb ELISA titers correlated with ADCP by THP-1 cells but not neutrophils. Monoclonal (m)Abs were also tested with primary monocytes. Donor-to-donor variation was high, and hindered the analysis of this dataset, but it was, in itself, an important finding. This study illustrates the concept that the assessment of FcR-mediated Ab activity with a frequently used cell line such as THP-1 is not necessarily indicative of relevant Ab functionality in vivo, and this calls for in-depth study of the properties of the HIV antibodies best-suited to eliciting antiviral activities by primary cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L R Powell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA,
| | - Alisa Fox
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vincenza Itri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan Zolla-Pazner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Stichling N, Suomalainen M, Flatt JW, Schmid M, Pacesa M, Hemmi S, Jungraithmayr W, Maler MD, Freudenberg MA, Plückthun A, May T, Köster M, Fejer G, Greber UF. Lung macrophage scavenger receptor SR-A6 (MARCO) is an adenovirus type-specific virus entry receptor. PLoS Pathog 2018. [PMID: 29522575 PMCID: PMC5862501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a diverse group of phagocytic cells acting in host protection against stress, injury, and pathogens. Here, we show that the scavenger receptor SR-A6 is an entry receptor for human adenoviruses in murine alveolar macrophage-like MPI cells, and important for production of type I interferon. Scavenger receptors contribute to the clearance of endogenous proteins, lipoproteins and pathogens. Knockout of SR-A6 in MPI cells, anti-SR-A6 antibody or the soluble extracellular SR-A6 domain reduced adenovirus type-C5 (HAdV-C5) binding and transduction. Expression of murine SR-A6, and to a lower extent human SR-A6 boosted virion binding to human cells and transduction. Virion clustering by soluble SR-A6 and proximity localization with SR-A6 on MPI cells suggested direct adenovirus interaction with SR-A6. Deletion of the negatively charged hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of hexon reduced HAdV-C5 binding and transduction, implying that the viral ligand for SR-A6 is hexon. SR-A6 facilitated macrophage entry of HAdV-B35 and HAdV-D26, two important vectors for transduction of hematopoietic cells and human vaccination. The study highlights the importance of scavenger receptors in innate immunity against human viruses. Macrophages are a diverse group of phagocytic cells acting in host protection against stress, injury, and pathogens. They phenotypically and functionally adapt to their local environment, for example, peritoneal macrophages are distinct from brain-resident microglia, from liver-resident Kupffer cells or lung macrophages in the lung. Airway macrophages are among the first cells to encounter human respiratory viruses, such as adenoviruses. They release pro-inflammatory cytokines, kill pathogens, present antigens, and restore tissues. Yet, interactions of viruses with lung macrophages are poorly understood, and it is unclear, how they lead to infection or virus clearance. Here we identified the murine scavenger receptor SR-A6 as a receptor for a subset of human adenoviruses on alveolar macrophage-like cells, so-called MPI cells. Scavenger receptors comprise a large family of trans-membrane proteins, and contribute to the clearance of endogenous proteins, lipoproteins and pathogens. In a series of robust experimentation, we show that adenoviruses use SR-A6 as an entry receptor for infection of MPI cells, and production of type I interferon. MPI cells are non-transformed, self-renewing macrophages derived from fetal murine liver, and closely resemble adult alveolar macrophages. The results demonstrate that SR-A6 binds virions on the surface of alveolar macrophage-like cells, and leads to infection.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae Infections/immunology
- Adenoviridae Infections/metabolism
- Adenoviridae Infections/virology
- Adenoviruses, Human/immunology
- Animals
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/virology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/virology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism
- Macrophages, Alveolar/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Virus Internalization
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Stichling
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Sciences Graduate School, ETH and University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maarit Suomalainen
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Justin W. Flatt
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Schmid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Pacesa
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Hemmi
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Jungraithmayr
- University Hospital Zurich, Institute of Thorax Surgery, Zurich, Switzerland
- present address: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Brandenburg, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Mareike D. Maler
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marina A. Freudenberg
- Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias May
- Inscreenex GmbH, Inhoffenstr. Brunswick, Germany
| | - Mario Köster
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - György Fejer
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Urs F. Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tippimanchai DD, Nolan K, Poczobutt J, Verzosa G, Li H, Scarborough H, Huang J, Young C, DeGregori J, Nemenoff RA, Malkoski SP. Adenoviral vectors transduce alveolar macrophages in lung cancer models. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1438105. [PMID: 29872579 PMCID: PMC5980415 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1438105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors expressing Cre recombinase are commonly used to initiate tumor formation in murine lung cancer models. While these vectors are designed to target genetic recombination to lung epithelial cells, adenoviruses can infect additional cell types that potentially influence tumor development. Our goal was to explore the consequences of adenoviral-mediated alveolar macrophage (AM) transduction in a Kras-initiated lung tumor model. As expected, treatment of animals harboring the KrasLSL-G12D allele and an inducible green fluorescence protein (GFP) tracking allele with an adenoviral vector expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (Ad5-CMV-Cre), caused GFP-positive lung adenocarcinomas. Surprisingly, however, up to 70% of the total GFP+ cells were AM, and GFP+ AM could be detected 6 months after tumor initiation, and transduced AM demonstrated Kras activation and increased proliferation. In contrast, recombination was not detected in other immune cell populations and AM recombination could be eliminated by tumor initiation with an adenovirus expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the surfactant protein C (SPC) promoter. In addition, AM isolated from KrasLSL-G12D animals and transduced by Ad5-CMV-Cre ex vivo displayed prolonged survival in vitro and increased the growth of murine lung adenocarcinoma CMT/167 cells when co-injected in an orthotopic flank model. Given the importance of the immune system in tumor development and progression, inadvertent AM transduction by Ad5-CMV-Cre merits careful consideration during lung cancer model selection particularly if studies evaluating the tumor-immune interactions are planned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darinee D Tippimanchai
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Kyle Nolan
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Joanna Poczobutt
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Gregory Verzosa
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Howard Li
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Hannah Scarborough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jing Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Christian Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - James DeGregori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Stephen P Malkoski
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hassan F, Lossie SL, Kasik EP, Channon AM, Ni S, Kennedy MA. A mouse model study of toxicity and biodistribution of a replication defective adenovirus serotype 5 virus with its genome engineered to contain a decoy hyper binding site to sequester and suppress oncogenic HMGA1 as a new cancer treatment therapy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192882. [PMID: 29462157 PMCID: PMC5819794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The HGMA1 architectural transcription factor is highly overexpressed in many human cancers. Because HMGA1 is a hub for regulation of many oncogenes, its overexpression in cancer plays a central role in cancer progression and therefore HMGA1 is gaining increasing attention as a target for development of therapeutic approaches to suppress either its expression or action in cancer cells. We have developed the strategy of introducing decoy hyper binding sites for HMGA1 into the nucleus of cancer cells with the goal of competetively sequestering overexpressed HMGA1 and thus suppressing its oncogenic action. Towards achieving this goal, we have introduced an HMGA1 decoy hyper binding site composed of six copies of a high affinity HMGA1 binding site into the genome of the replication defective adenovirus serotype 5 genome and shown that the engineered virus effectively reduces the viability of human pancreatic and cancer cells. Here we report the first pre-clinical measures of toxicity and biodistribution of the engineered virus in C57BL/6J Black 6 mice. The immune response to exposure of the engineered virus was determined by assaying the serum levels of key cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α. Toxicity due to exposure to the virus was determined by measuring the serum levels of the liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Biodistribution was measured following direct injection into the pancreas or liver by quantifying viral loads in the pancreas, liver, spleen and brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizule Hassan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
| | - Sarah L. Lossie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
| | - Ellen P. Kasik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
| | - Audrey M. Channon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
| | - Shuisong Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
| | - Michael A. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Choi JE, Kang HW, Hong YM, Sohn S. C-reactive protein and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide discrepancy: a differentiation of adenoviral pharyngoconjunctival fever from Kawasaki disease. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2018; 61:12-16. [PMID: 29441107 PMCID: PMC5807985 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2018.61.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To differentiate adenoviral pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF) from acute Kawasaki disease (KD) using laboratory tests before results of virus-real time polymerase chain reaction and ophthalmologic examination are obtained. Methods Baseline patient characteristics and laboratory measurements were compared between 40 patients with adenovirus infection and 123 patients with KD. Results The patients with adenovirus infection were generally older than those with KD (median: 3.9 years vs. 2 years, P=0.000). White blood cell and, platelet count, and aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels showed significant differences between the 2 groups, but the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels did not (6.8±3.0 mg/dL vs. 8.3±5.8 mg/dL, P=0.126). In the adenovirus infection group, the CRP levels were <1, <3, <10, and ≥10 mg/dL in 2 (5%), 3 (7.5%), 30 (75%), and 5 patients (12.5%), respectively. The cutoff NT-proBNP level was 265 pg/mL. Discrepancy was defined as CRP and NT-proBNP levels of ≥3 or <3 mg/dL, and <265 or ≥265 pg/mL, respectively. Among the 35 patients with adenovirus infection whose CRP levels were ≥3 mg/dL, 29 (82.9%) showed a discrepancy. Conversely, of the 103 patients with KD whose CRP levels were ≥3 mg/dL, 83 (80.6%) showed no discrepancy. Between the groups, a significant difference in discrepancy rate was observed (P=0.000). None of the patients with adenovirus infection had CRP and NT-proBNP levels of <3 mg/dL and ≥265 pg/mL, respectively. Conclusion With a sensitivity of 82.9% and a specificity of 80.6%, CRP and NT-proBNP levels may differentiate between adenoviral PCF and acute KD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Won Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Mi Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sejung Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Key Role of the Scavenger Receptor MARCO in Mediating Adenovirus Infection and Subsequent Innate Responses of Macrophages. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.00670-17. [PMID: 28765216 PMCID: PMC5539421 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00670-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The scavenger receptor MARCO is expressed in several subsets of naive tissue-resident macrophages and has been shown to participate in the recognition of various bacterial pathogens. However, the role of MARCO in antiviral defense is largely unexplored. Here, we investigated whether MARCO might be involved in the innate sensing of infection with adenovirus and recombinant adenoviral vectors by macrophages, which elicit vigorous immune responses in vivo. Using cells derived from mice, we show that adenovirus infection is significantly more efficient in MARCO-positive alveolar macrophages (AMs) and in AM-like primary macrophage lines (Max Planck Institute cells) than in MARCO-negative bone marrow-derived macrophages. Using antibodies blocking ligand binding to MARCO, as well as gene-deficient and MARCO-transfected cells, we show that MARCO mediates the rapid adenovirus transduction of macrophages. By enhancing adenovirus infection, MARCO contributes to efficient innate virus recognition through the cytoplasmic DNA sensor cGAS. This leads to strong proinflammatory responses, including the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), alpha/beta interferon, and mature IL-1α. These findings contribute to the understanding of viral pathogenesis in macrophages and may open new possibilities for the development of tools to influence the outcome of infection with adenovirus or adenovirus vectors. Macrophages play crucial roles in inflammation and defense against infection. Several macrophage subtypes have been identified with differing abilities to respond to infection with both natural adenoviruses and recombinant adenoviral vectors. Adenoviruses are important respiratory pathogens that elicit vigorous innate responses in vitro and in vivo. The cell surface receptors mediating macrophage type-specific adenovirus sensing are largely unknown. The scavenger receptor MARCO is expressed on some subsets of naive tissue-resident macrophages, including lung alveolar macrophages. Its role in antiviral macrophage responses is largely unexplored. Here, we studied whether the differential expression of MARCO might contribute to the various susceptibilities of macrophage subtypes to adenovirus. We demonstrate that MARCO significantly enhances adenovirus infection and innate responses in macrophages. These results help to understand adenoviral pathogenesis and may open new possibilities to influence the outcome of infection with adenoviruses or adenovirus vectors.
Collapse
|
34
|
Maisonneuve E, Cateau E, Leveque N, Kaaki S, Beby-Defaux A, Rodier MH. Acanthamoeba castellanii is not be an adequate model to study human adenovirus interactions with macrophagic cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178629. [PMID: 28591183 PMCID: PMC5462383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Free living amoebae (FLA) including Acanthamoeba castellanii, are protozoa that feed on different microorganisms including viruses. These microorganisms show remarkable similarities with macrophages in cellular structures, physiology or ability to phagocyte preys, and some authors have therefore wondered whether Acanthamoeba and macrophages are evolutionary related. It has been considered that this amoeba may be an in vitro model to investigate relationships between pathogens and macrophagic cells. So, we intended in this study to compare the interactions between a human adenovirus strain and A. castellanii or THP-1 macrophagic cells. The results of molecular and microscopy techniques following co-cultures experiments have shown that the presence of the adenovirus decreased the viability of macrophages, while it has no effect on amoebic viability. On another hand, the viral replication occurred only in macrophages. These results showed that this amoebal model is not relevant to explore the relationships between adenoviruses and macrophages in in vitro experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Maisonneuve
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Microbiologie de l’Eau, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Estelle Cateau
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Microbiologie de l’Eau, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire de parasitologie et mycologie médicale, CHU La Milètrie, Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Leveque
- Laboratoire de virologie et mycobactériologie, CHU La Milètrie, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, EA 4331, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Sihem Kaaki
- Unité de pathologie ultrastructurale et expérimentale, Laboratoire d’anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, CHU la Milètrie, Poitiers, France
| | - Agnès Beby-Defaux
- Laboratoire de virologie et mycobactériologie, CHU La Milètrie, Poitiers, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Rodier
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Microbiologie de l’Eau, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Laboratoire de parasitologie et mycologie médicale, CHU La Milètrie, Poitiers, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
A critical role for IRF5 in regulating allergic airway inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:716-726. [PMID: 27759022 PMCID: PMC5266556 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a key transcription factor involved in the control of the expression of proinflammatory cytokine and responses to infection, but its role in regulating pulmonary immune responses to allergen is unknown. We used genetic ablation, adenoviral vector-driven overexpression, and adoptive transfer approaches to interrogate the role of IRF5 in pulmonary immunity and during challenge with the aeroallergen, house dust mite. Global IRF5 deficiency resulted in impaired lung function and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. IRF5 was also essential for effective responses to inhaled allergen, controlling airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus secretion, and eosinophilic inflammation. Adoptive transfer of IRF5-deficient alveolar macrophages into the wild-type pulmonary milieu was sufficient to drive airway hyperreactivity, at baseline or following antigen challenge. These data identify IRF5-expressing macrophages as a key component of the immune defense of the airways. Manipulation of IRF5 activity in the lung could therefore be a viable strategy for the redirection of pulmonary immune responses and, thus, the treatment of lung disorders.
Collapse
|
36
|
Cianciola NL, Chung S, Manor D, Carlin CR. Adenovirus Modulates Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling by Reprogramming ORP1L-VAP Protein Contacts for Cholesterol Transport from Endosomes to the Endoplasmic Reticulum. J Virol 2017; 91:e01904-16. [PMID: 28077646 PMCID: PMC5331795 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01904-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (Ads) generally cause mild self-limiting infections but can lead to serious disease and even be fatal in high-risk individuals, underscoring the importance of understanding how the virus counteracts host defense mechanisms. This study had two goals. First, we wished to determine the molecular basis of cholesterol homeostatic responses induced by the early region 3 membrane protein RIDα via its direct interaction with the sterol-binding protein ORP1L, a member of the evolutionarily conserved family of oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related proteins (ORPs). Second, we wished to determine how this interaction regulates innate immunity to adenovirus. ORP1L is known to form highly dynamic contacts with endoplasmic reticulum-resident VAP proteins that regulate late endosome function under regulation of Rab7-GTP. Our studies have demonstrated that ORP1L-VAP complexes also support transport of LDL-derived cholesterol from endosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it was converted to cholesteryl esters stored in lipid droplets when ORP1L was bound to RIDα. The virally induced mechanism counteracted defects in the predominant cholesterol transport pathway regulated by the late endosomal membrane protein Niemann-Pick disease type C protein 1 (NPC1) arising during early stages of viral infection. However, unlike NPC1, RIDα did not reconstitute transport to endoplasmic reticulum pools that regulate SREBP transcription factors. RIDα-induced lipid trafficking also attenuated proinflammatory signaling by Toll-like receptor 4, which has a central role in Ad pathogenesis and is known to be tightly regulated by cholesterol-rich "lipid rafts." Collectively, these data show that RIDα utilizes ORP1L in a way that is distinct from its normal function in uninfected cells to fine-tune lipid raft cholesterol that regulates innate immunity to adenovirus in endosomes.IMPORTANCE Early region 3 proteins encoded by human adenoviruses that attenuate immune-mediated pathology have been a particularly rich source of information regarding intracellular protein trafficking. Our studies with the early region 3-encoded RIDα protein also provided fundamental new information regarding mechanisms of nonvesicular lipid transport and the flow of molecular information at membrane contacts between different organelles. We describe a new pathway that delivers cholesterol from endosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it is esterified and stored in lipid droplets. Although lipid droplets are attracting renewed interest from the standpoint of normal physiology and human diseases, including those resulting from viral infections, experimental model systems for evaluating how and why they accumulate are still limited. Our studies also revealed an intriguing relationship between lipid droplets and innate immunity that may represent a new paradigm for viruses utilizing these organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Cianciola
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stacey Chung
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Danny Manor
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Cathleen R Carlin
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Antibody-Mediated Internalization of Infectious HIV-1 Virions Differs among Antibody Isotypes and Subclasses. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005817. [PMID: 27579713 PMCID: PMC5007037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data support a role for antibody Fc-mediated antiviral activity in vaccine efficacy and in the control of HIV-1 replication by broadly neutralizing antibodies. Antibody-mediated virus internalization is an Fc-mediated function that may act at the portal of entry whereby effector cells may be triggered by pre-existing antibodies to prevent HIV-1 acquisition. Understanding the capacity of HIV-1 antibodies in mediating internalization of HIV-1 virions by primary monocytes is critical to understanding their full antiviral potency. Antibody isotypes/subclasses differ in functional profile, with consequences for their antiviral activity. For instance, in the RV144 vaccine trial that achieved partial efficacy, Env IgA correlated with increased risk of HIV-1 infection (i.e. decreased vaccine efficacy), whereas V1-V2 IgG3 correlated with decreased risk of HIV-1 infection (i.e. increased vaccine efficacy). Thus, understanding the different functional attributes of HIV-1 specific IgG1, IgG3 and IgA antibodies will help define the mechanisms of immune protection. Here, we utilized an in vitro flow cytometric method utilizing primary monocytes as phagocytes and infectious HIV-1 virions as targets to determine the capacity of Env IgA (IgA1, IgA2), IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies to mediate HIV-1 infectious virion internalization. Importantly, both broadly neutralizing antibodies (i.e. PG9, 2G12, CH31, VRC01 IgG) and non-broadly neutralizing antibodies (i.e. 7B2 mAb, mucosal HIV-1+ IgG) mediated internalization of HIV-1 virions. Furthermore, we found that Env IgG3 of multiple specificities (i.e. CD4bs, V1-V2 and gp41) mediated increased infectious virion internalization over Env IgG1 of the same specificity, while Env IgA mediated decreased infectious virion internalization compared to IgG1. These data demonstrate that antibody-mediated internalization of HIV-1 virions depends on antibody specificity and isotype. Evaluation of the phagocytic potency of vaccine-induced antibodies and therapeutic antibodies will enable a better understanding of their capacity to prevent and/or control HIV-1 infection in vivo.
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim J, Ha Y, Chae C. Potentiation of Porcine Circovirus 2-induced Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome by Porcine Parvovirus Is Associated with Excessive Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α. Vet Pathol 2016; 43:718-25. [PMID: 16966450 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-5-718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the potentiation of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2)-induced postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by porcine parvovirus (PPV) and found it was associated with excessive production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Colostrum-deprived conventional pigs were inoculated intranasally with PCV2 or PPV alone or in combination (PCV2 and PPV). In vitro assay of TNF-α, obtained from alveolar macrophages coinfected with PCV2 and PPV, showed a significant increase in TNF-α compared to single infection of macrophages with either PCV2 or PPV alone ( P < 0.05). All pigs inoculated with PCV2 and PPV developed severe postweaning wasting syndrome, whereas clinical signs (e.g., weight loss) were present but perhaps less severe in either PCV2- or PPV-inoculated pigs. Compared to the pigs inoculated with PCV2 or PPV alone, pigs inoculated dually with PCV2 and PPV showed significantly ( P < 0.05) increased levels of TNF-α. Levels of TNF-α in the sera were reversely correlated with the body weight in pigs experimentally infected with dual inoculation of PCV2 and PPV ( rs = -0.92, P < 0.001). These data suggest that a potentiation of PPV in PCV2-induced PMWS is associated with the excessive production of TNF-α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Kwanak-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kim N, Duncan GA, Hanes J, Suk JS. Barriers to inhaled gene therapy of obstructive lung diseases: A review. J Control Release 2016; 240:465-488. [PMID: 27196742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of genetic origins of obstructive lung diseases has made inhaled gene therapy an attractive alternative to the current standards of care that are limited to managing disease symptoms. Initial lung gene therapy clinical trials occurred in the early 1990s following the discovery of the genetic defect responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF), a monogenic disorder. However, despite over two decades of intensive effort, gene therapy has yet to help patients with CF or any other obstructive lung disease. The slow progress is due in part to poor understanding of the biological barriers to inhaled gene therapy. Encouragingly, clinical trials have shown that inhaled gene therapy with various viral vectors and non-viral gene vectors is well tolerated by patients, and continued research has provided valuable lessons and resources that may lead to future success of this therapeutic strategy. In this review, we first introduce representative obstructive lung diseases and examine limitations of currently available therapeutic options. We then review key components for successful execution of inhaled gene therapy, including gene delivery systems, primary physiological barriers and strategies to overcome them, and advances in preclinical disease models with which the most promising systems may be identified for human clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namho Kim
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Gregg A Duncan
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Environmental and Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ankathatti Munegowda M, Hu J. Transient blocking of NK cell function with small molecule inhibitors for helper dependant adenoviral vector-mediated gene delivery. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:29. [PMID: 26085921 PMCID: PMC4470062 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
One major challenge in gene therapy is the host immune responses against viral vectors. Previous studies indicate the involvement of NK cells in stunted gene expression in viral vector mediated gene therapy. To understand the problem of the immune responses, we have developed an in-vitro co-culture system with human NK cell line, macrophages and airway epithelial cells. We showed that small molecule blockers, CAPE and ruxolitinib, for NF-κB and JAK-STAT pathways, respectively, significantly inhibited cytokine secretion by macrophages. When NK cells are co-cultured with helper-dependent adenoviral (HD-Ad) vector activated macrophages, IFN-γ cytokine expression by NK cells increased significantly, which was inhibited effectively by ruxolitinib and CAPE, and there was an additive effect when both inhibitors were used. We demonstrated that NK cells activated by cytokines produced by HD-Ad-activated macrophages kill HD-Ad vector transduced bronchial epithelial cells. This cell killing activity was significantly reduced by CAPE and ruxolitinib. Combination of these two inhibitors had an additive effect on inhibiting NK cell mediate killing of gene transduced cells. Transient inhibition of NK cell response at its peak may enhance sustained gene expression. Our data suggest that combination of CAPE and ruxolitinib may help in protecting gene transduced airway epithelial cells to prolong transgene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjunatha Ankathatti Munegowda
- Department of Physiology & Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), 9th floor, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jim Hu
- Department of Physiology & Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL), 9th floor, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada ; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Arora S, Mahajan RR, Kushwah V, Baradia D, Misra A, Jain S. Development of voriconazole loaded large porous particles for inhalation delivery: effect of surface forces on aerosolisation performance, assessment of in vitro safety potential and uptake by macrophages. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00248f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation delivery of voriconazole loaded large porous particles represent an effective and safe way to prolong pulmonary residence of voriconazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Arora
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali
- India
| | - Rahul R. Mahajan
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali
- India
| | - Varun Kushwah
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali
- India
| | - Dipesh Baradia
- TIFAC-CORE in NDDS
- Pharmacy Department
- Faculty of Technology and Engineering
- The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
- Vadodara-390 001
| | - Ambikanandan Misra
- TIFAC-CORE in NDDS
- Pharmacy Department
- Faculty of Technology and Engineering
- The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
- Vadodara-390 001
| | - Sanyog Jain
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali
- India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Gene therapy has been considered as the most ideal medical intervention for genetic diseases because it is intended to target the cause of diseases instead of disease symptoms. Availability of techniques for identification of genetic mutations and for in vitro manipulation of genes makes it practical and attractive. After the initial hype in 1990s and later disappointments in clinical trials for more than a decade, light has finally come into the tunnel in recent years, especially in the field of eye gene therapy where it has taken big strides. Clinical trials in gene therapy for retinal degenerative diseases such as Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA) and choroideremia demonstrated clear therapeutic efficacies without apparent side effects. Although these successful examples are still rare and sporadic in the field, they provide the proof of concept for harnessing the power of gene therapy to treat genetic diseases and to modernize our medication. In addition, those success stories illuminate the path for the development of gene therapy treating other genetic diseases. Because of the differences in target organs and cells, distinct barriers to gene delivery exist in gene therapy for each genetic disease. It is not feasible for authors to review the current development in the entire field. Thus, in this article, we will focus on what we can learn from the current success in gene therapy for retinal degenerative diseases to speed up the gene therapy development for lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis.
Collapse
|
43
|
STAT1 interaction with E3-14.7K in monocytes affects the efficacy of oncolytic adenovirus. J Virol 2013; 88:2291-300. [PMID: 24335311 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02829-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses based on adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) have been developed as a new class of therapeutic agents for cancers that are resistant to conventional therapies. Clinical experience shows that these agents are safe, but virotherapy alone has not achieved long-term cure in cancer patients. The vast majority of oncolytic adenoviruses used in clinical trials to date have deletion of the E3B genes. It has been demonstrated that the antitumor potency of the E3B-deleted mutant (dl309) is inferior to adenovirus with E3B genes intact. Tumors treated with dl309 show markedly greater macrophage infiltration than E3B-intact adenovirus. However, the functional mechanisms for this were not previously known. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of E3B genes increases production of chemokines by monocytes after adenovirus infection and increases monocyte migration. The E3B 14,700-Da protein (E3B-14.7K) inhibits STAT1 function by preventing its phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. The STAT1 inhibitor, fludarabine, rescues the effect of E3B-14.7K deletion by downregulating target chemokine expression in human and murine monocytes and results in an enhanced antitumor efficacy with dl309 in vivo. These findings have important implications for clinical use of E3B-deleted oncolytic adenovirus and other E3B-deleted adenovirus vector-based therapy.
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen RF, Lee CY. Adenoviruses types, cell receptors and local innate cytokines in adenovirus infection. Int Rev Immunol 2013; 33:45-53. [PMID: 24127823 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.823420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adenovirus is a common infectious pathogen in both children and adults. It is a significant cause of morbidity in immunocompetent people living in crowded living conditions and of mortality in immunocompromised hosts. It has more recently become a popular vehicle for gene therapy applications. The host response to wild-type infection and gene therapy vector exposure involves both virus entry receptor and the innate immune systems. Cell-mediated recognition of viruses via capsid components has received significant attention, principally thought to be regulated by the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR), CD46, integrins and heparin sulfate-containing proteoglycans. Antiviral innate immune responses are initiated by the infected cell, which activates the interferon response to block viral replication, while simultaneously releasing chemokines to attract neutrophils and NK cells. This review discusses the innate immune response primarily during wild-type adenovirus infection because this serves as the basis for understanding the response during both natural infection and exposure to adenovirus vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Fu Chen
- 1Department of Medical Research and Development, Show Chwan Health Care System, Changhua, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xue Y, Shen L, Cui Y, Zhang H, Chen Q, Cui A, Fang F, Chang Y. Tff3, as a novel peptide, regulates hepatic glucose metabolism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75240. [PMID: 24086476 PMCID: PMC3781022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder strongly associated with hepatic glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. The trefoil peptides are a family of small regulatory proteins and Tff3 is widely expressed in multiple tissues including liver. But the roles of Tff3 in regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in liver remain unclear. Here we show that the hepatic Tff3 expression levels were decreased in ob/ob and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Overexpression of Tff3 in primary mouse hepatocytes inhibited the expression of gluconeogenic genes, including G6pc, PEPCK and PGC-1α, subsequently decreasing cellular glucose output. GTT and ITT experiments revealed that adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Tff3 in diabetic or obese mice improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Collectively, our results indicated that Tff3 peptides are involved in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, providing a promising peptide on new therapies against the metabolic disorders associated with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xue
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Shen
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cui
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huabing Zhang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Anfang Cui
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Fang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Krause A, Whu WZ, Qiu J, Wafadari D, Hackett NR, Sharma A, Crystal RG, Worgall S. RGD capsid modification enhances mucosal protective immunity of a non-human primate adenovirus vector expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa OprF. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 173:230-41. [PMID: 23607394 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication-deficient adenoviral (Ad) vectors of non-human serotypes can serve as Ad vaccine platforms to circumvent pre-existing anti-human Ad immunity. We found previously that, in addition to that feature, a non-human primate-based AdC7 vector expressing outer membrane protein F of P. aeruginosa (AdC7OprF) was more potent in inducing lung mucosal and protective immunity compared to a human Ad5-based vector. In this study we analysed if genetic modification of the AdC7 fibre to display an integrin-binding arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence can further enhance lung mucosal immunogenicity of AdC7OprF. Intratracheal immunization of mice with either AdC7OprF.RGD or AdC7OprF induced robust serum levels of anti-OprF immunoglobulin (Ig)G up to 12 weeks that were higher compared to immunization with the human vectors Ad5OprF or Ad5OprF.RGD. OprF-specific cellular responses in lung T cells isolated from mice immunized with AdC7OprF.RGD and AdC7OprF were similar for T helper type 1 (Th1) [interferon (IFN)-γ in CD8(+) and interleukin (IL)-12 in CD4(+)], Th2 (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in CD4(+)) and Th17 (IL-17 in CD4(+)). Interestingly, AdC7OprF.RGD induced more robust protective immunity against pulmonary infection with P. aeruginosa compared to AdC7OprF or the control Ad5 vectors. The enhanced protective immunity induced by AdC7OprF.RGD was maintained in the absence of alveolar macrophages (AM) or CD1d natural killer T cells. Together, the data suggest that addition of RGD to the fibre of an AdC7-based vaccine is useful to enhance its mucosal protective immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Krause
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Razi Soofiyani S, Baradaran B, Lotfipour F, Kazemi T, Mohammadnejad L. Gene therapy, early promises, subsequent problems, and recent breakthroughs. Adv Pharm Bull 2013; 3:249-55. [PMID: 24312844 PMCID: PMC3848228 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2013.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is one of the most attractive fields in medicine. The concept of gene delivery to tissues for clinical applications has been discussed around half a century, but scientist's ability to manipulate genetic material via recombinant DNA technology made this purpose to reality. Various approaches, such as viral and non-viral vectors and physical methods, have been developed to make gene delivery safer and more efficient. While gene therapy initially conceived as a way to treat life-threatening disorders (inborn errors, cancers) refractory to conventional treatment, to date gene therapy is considered for many non-life-threatening conditions including those adversely influence on a patient's quality of life. Gene therapy has made significant progress, including tangible success, although much slower than was initially predicted. Although, gene therapies still at a fairly primitive stage, it is firmly science based. There is justifiable hope that with enhanced pathobiological understanding and biotechnological improvements, gene therapy will be a standard part of clinical practice within 20 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Razi Soofiyani
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz,
Iran
- Immonuology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz,
Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz,
Iran
- Immonuology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz,
Iran
| | - Farzaneh Lotfipour
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immonuology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz,
Iran
| | - Leila Mohammadnejad
- Immonuology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz,
Iran
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Demberg T, Brocca-Cofano E, Kuate S, Aladi S, Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Venzon D, Kalisz I, Kalyanaraman V, Lee EM, Pal R, DiPasquale J, Ruprecht RM, Montefiori DC, Srivastava I, Barnett SW, Robert-Guroff M. Impact of antibody quality and anamnestic response on viremia control post-challenge in a combined Tat/Env vaccine regimen in rhesus macaques. Virology 2013; 440:210-21. [PMID: 23528732 PMCID: PMC3744165 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previously, priming rhesus macaques with Adenovirus type 5 host range mutant-recombinants encoding Tat and Env and boosting with Tat and Env protein in MPL-SE controlled chronic viremia by 4 logs following homologous intravenous SHIV89.6P challenge. Here we evaluated Tat, Env, and Tat/Env regimens for immunogenicity and protective efficacy using clade C Env, alum adjuvant, and a heterologous intrarectal SHIV1157ipd3N4 challenge. Despite induction of strong cellular and humoral immunity, Tat/Env group T and B-cell memory responses were not significantly enhanced over Tat- or Env-only groups. Lack of viremia control post-challenge was attributed to lower avidity Env antibodies and no anamnestic ADCC response or SHIV1157ipd3N4 neutralizing antibody development post-challenge. Poor biologic activity of the Tat immunogen may have impaired Tat immunity. In the absence of sterilizing immunity, strong anamnestic responses to heterologous virus can help control viremia. Both antibody breadth and optimal adjuvanticity are needed to elicit high-quality antibody for protective efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Demberg
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Seraphin Kuate
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stanley Aladi
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - David Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Irene Kalisz
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, MD 20895, USA
| | | | - Eun Mi Lee
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, MD 20895, USA
| | - Ranajit Pal
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, MD 20895, USA
| | - Janet DiPasquale
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang Y, Riley LK, Lin M, Purdy GA, Hu Z. Development of a virus concentration method using lanthanum-based chemical flocculation coupled with modified membrane filtration procedures. J Virol Methods 2013; 190:41-8. [PMID: 23557666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Direct membrane filtration is often used to concentrate viruses in water but it may suffer from severe membrane fouling and clogging. Here, a lanthanum-based flocculation method coupled with modified membrane filtration procedures was developed and evaluated to detect viruses in large volume (40 L) water samples. The lanthanum-based flocculation method could easily reduce the water sample volume by a factor of 40. Additional volume reduction was achieved by a two-step membrane filtration approach. First, selected membrane filters (including 1MDS electropositive filters and nitrocellulose electronegative filters-Millipore HATF filters) were used to reduce water sample volume further and compare their efficiencies in virus recovery. The Mg²⁺-modified HATF membrane performed better on MS2 retention with an average virus recovery of 83.4% (±4.5% [standard deviation]). After HATF membrane filtration and elution, centrifugal ultrafiltration through a 30 kDa cut-off membrane resulted in an overall concentration factor of 20,000. Results from the infectivity assay showed that the MS2 recovery efficiencies from the NanoCeram- and 1MDS-based direct filtration and the lanthanum-based concentration coupled with the modified filtration procedure were 10.1% (±1.0%), 3.3% (±0.1%), and 17.5% (±1.1%), respectively. Results from the PCR analysis showed that the virus recoveries of the lanthanum-based method were 20.6% (±2.9%) and 19.5% (±3.4%) for MS2 and adenovirus, respectively, while no adenovirus could be detected through the NanoCeram- and 1MDS-based direct filtration. The lanthanum-based concentration method coupled with modified membrane filtration procedures is therefore a promising method for detecting waterborne viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Balistrieri G, Barrios C, Castillo L, Umunakwe TC, Giam CZ, Zhi H, Beilke MA. Induction of CC-chemokines with antiviral function in macrophages by the human T lymphotropic virus type 2 transactivating protein, Tax2. Viral Immunol 2013; 26:3-12. [PMID: 23286582 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2012.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data provide evidence that co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) delays progression to AIDS compared to isolated HIV-1 infection. These results were linked to expression of the HTLV-2 transcriptional activating gene known as Tax2. Preliminary studies in lymphocytic systems suggest that Tax2 is responsible for induction of CC-chemokines, which play a major role in innate immune responses against HIV-1. In this study, the effect of Tax2 on CC-chemokines (MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4, and RANTES/CCL5) in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) was evaluated. An immortalized human monocytic cell line (U937) and donor-derived MDMs were used to evaluate these interactions. These cells were cultured in vitro, allowed to mature into macrophages for 14 d, and treated with Tax2 or Tax1 (the transcriptional activator of HTLV-1) at three concentrations (1, 10, and 100 pM) daily thereafter. Extracellular bacterial extract (EBE) lacking the vector and untreated samples served as controls. An additional group of donor-derived MDMs were transduced with an adenovirus vector that expressed either Tax2 or green fluorescent protein (GFP). Liposomal transfection agents alone were used as controls. Supernatants were collected from each sample on multiple days post-maturation and evaluated for MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analysis of variance and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference tests were used to analyze the results. In all systems, cells exposed to either Tax2 or Tax1 expressed significantly (p<0.01) higher concentrations of CC-chemokines than controls. There was no significant difference in chemokine expression between Tax1-treated and Tax2-treated samples, between EBE-treated and EBE-untreated samples, or between GFP-transduced MDMs and controls. This suggests that HTLV-2 could alter innate immune responses in macrophagic reservoirs of HIV-1 in HIV-1/HTLV-2 co-infected individuals, and could guide the development of HIV-1 treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glorilee Balistrieri
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|