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Jeong SH, Kim HH, Park MY, Bhosale PB, Abusaliya A, Won CK, Park KI, Kim E, Heo JD, Kim HW, Ahn M, Seong JK, Kim GS. Flavones: The Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer of Three Flavones Selected as Therapeutic Candidate Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119240. [PMID: 37298192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a widespread but dangerous disease that can strike anyone and is the second 1leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate cancer, in particular, is a prevalent cancer that occurs in men, and much research is being done on its treatment. Although chemical drugs are effective, they have various side effects, and accordingly, anticancer drugs using natural products are emerging. To date, many natural candidates have been discovered, and new drugs are being developed as drugs to treat prostate cancer. Representative candidate compounds that have been studied to be effective in prostate cancer include apigenin, acacetin and tangeretin of the flavone family among flavonoids. In this review, we look at the effects of these three flavones on prostate cancer cells via apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, in addition to the existing drugs, we suggest the three flavones and their effectiveness as natural anticancer agents, a treatment model for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hyo Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Abuyaseer Abusaliya
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Kil Won
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Biological Resources Research Group, Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kim
- Division of Animal Bioscience & Integrated Biotechnology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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The role of regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of prostate cancer. Life Sci 2021; 284:119132. [PMID: 33513396 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite developments in the treatment of various cancers, prostate cancer is one of the deadliest diseases known to men. Systemic therapies such as androgen deprivation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have not been very successful in treating this disease. Numerous studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between cancer progression and inhibition of anti-tumor immune responses that can lead to progression of various malignancies, including prostate cancer. Interestingly, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells significantly accumulate and increase in draining lymph nodes and PBMCs of patients with prostate cancer and other solid tumors. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that Tregs can suppress anti-tumor responses, which is directly related to the increased risk of cancer recurrence. Tregs are essential for preserving self-tolerance and inhibiting extra immune responses harmful to the host. Since the tumor-related antigens are mainly self-antigens, Tregs could play a major role in tumor progression. Accordingly, it has discovered that prostate cancer patients with higher Tregs have poor prognosis and low survival rates. However, anti-tumor responses can be reinforced by suppression of Tregs with using monoclonal antibodies against CD25 and CTLA-4. Therefore, depleting Tregs or suppressing their functions could be one of the effective ways for prostate cancer immunotherapy. The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of Treg cells in the progression of prostate cancer and to evaluate effective strategies for the treatment of prostate cancer by regulating Treg cells.
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis made in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate cancer may be asymptomatic at the early stage and often has an indolent course that may require only active surveillance. Based on GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates, 1,276,106 new cases of prostate cancer were reported worldwide in 2018, with higher prevalence in the developed countries. Differences in the incidence rates worldwide reflect differences in the use of diagnostic testing. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are strongly related to the age with the highest incidence being seen in elderly men (> 65 years of age). African-American men have the highest incidence rates and more aggressive type of prostate cancer compared to White men. There is no evidence yet on how to prevent prostate cancer; however, it is possible to lower the risk by limiting high-fat foods, increasing the intake of vegetables and fruits and performing more exercise. Screening is highly recommended at age 45 for men with familial history and African-American men. Up-to-date statistics on prostate cancer occurrence and outcomes along with a better understanding of the etiology and causative risk factors are essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Rawla
- Hospitalist, Department of Internal Medicine, SOVAH Health, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA.
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Genetic analysis of the principal genes related to prostate cancer: A review. Urol Oncol 2013; 31:1419-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Karimpur-Zahmatkesh A, Farzaneh F, Pouresmaeili F, Hosseini J, Azarghashb E, Yaghoobi M. A2 allele polymorphism of the CYP17 gene and prostate cancer risk in an iranian population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:1049-52. [PMID: 23621184 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.2.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that alterations of steroid hormone metabolism, particularly involving testosterone, affect the risk of prostate cancer. Therefore, genetic variation in genes of enzymes which are involved could be of importance. The gene most interest is CYP17, whose enzyme product has an essential role in testosterone hormone synthesis. Some studies have indicated that the A2 allele polymorphism of CYP17 associated with increased risk of prostate cancer that could be affected by ethnicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was determination of presence or absence of the A2 allele in patients with prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the association of A2 allele and prostate cancer among 74 patients with prostate cancer and 128 healthy men which were referred to hospitals of SBMU. RESULTS This study revealed a significant association between prostate cancer risk and the A2 allele in an Iranian population so that A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes were more common in cases than controls with P-values of 0.029 and 0.010, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Results of our study support a possible role of the A2 allele in sporadic prostate cancer development in Iran, in line with findings elsewhere.
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Reza MA, Fahimeh G, Reza MH. Evaluation of xenotropic murine leukemia virus and its R426Q polymorphism in patients with prostate cancer in Kerman, southeast of Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:3669-73. [PMID: 23098452 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.8.3669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A role for the xenotropic murine leukemia virus (XMRV) in prostate cancer development has been postulated. To answer questions regarding the prevalence of XMRV in Iranian patients with prostate cancer and its association with the RNASEL R462Q polymorphism, we here investigated a series of cases in Kerman, in the Southeast of Iran, and sought to verify the association with the R462Q using Real Time PCR Method. Prostate tissue specimens of 200 patients with prostate cancer were genotyped for R462Q by real time polymerase chain reaction allelic discrimination and were screened for XMRV proviral DNA by real time polymerase chain reaction specific for the envelope gene. Of 200 patients in this study 8 (4%) cases were positive for XMRV, the QQ allele being the most frequent regarding the R426Q polymorphism while in negative patients it was the RQ allele. There was significant correlation between high pathological scores and XMRV positive samples. No significant relationship was found between age groups and XMRV results. XMRV was only found in patients with QQ and RQ alleles, not RR. XMRV is detectable in tumor prostate tissue from some patients with prostate cancer, independent of R462Q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malekpour Afshar Reza
- Tropical and Infectious Disease Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major health problem as it continues to be the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men in the Western world. While improved early detection significantly decreased mortality, prostate cancer still remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death in Western men. Understanding the mechanisms of prostate cancer initiation and progression should have a significant impact on development of novel therapeutic approaches that can help to combat this disease. The recent explosion of novel high-throughput genetic technologies together with studies in animal models and human tissues allowed a comprehensive analysis and functional validation of the molecular changes. This chapter will summarize and discuss recently identified critical genetic and epigenetic changes that drive prostate cancer initiation and progression. These discoveries should help concentrate the efforts of drug development on key pathways and molecules, and finally translate the knowledge that is gained from mechanistic studies into effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice S Knudsen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Agalliu I, Leanza SM, Smith L, Trent JM, Carpten JD, Bailey-Wilson JE, Burk RD. Contribution of HPC1 (RNASEL) and HPCX variants to prostate cancer in a founder population. Prostate 2010; 70:1716-27. [PMID: 20564318 PMCID: PMC3404133 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a genetically complex disease with locus and disease heterogeneity. The RNASEL gene and HPCX locus have been implicated in hereditary prostate cancer; however, their contributions to sporadic forms of this malignancy remain uncertain. METHODS Associations of prostate cancer with two variants in the RNASEL gene (a founder mutation, 471delAAAG, and a non-synonymous SNP, rs486907), and with five microsatellite markers in the HPCX locus, were examined in 979 cases and 1,251 controls of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models. RESULTS There was an inverse association between RNASEL rs486907 and prostate cancer in younger men (<65 years) and those with a first-degree relative with prostate cancer; men with AA genotype had ORs of 0.64 and 0.47 (both P < 0.05), respectively, in comparison to men with GG genotype. Within the HPCX region, there were positive associations for allele 135 of bG82i1.1 marker (OR = 1.77, P = 0.01) and allele 188 of DXS1205 (OR = 1.65, P = 0.02). In addition, allele 248 of marker D33 was inversely associated (OR = 0.65, P = 0.05) with Gleason score ≥7 tumors. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that variants in RNASEL contribute to susceptibility to early onset and familial forms of prostate cancer, whereas HPCX variants are associated with prostate cancer risk and tumor aggressiveness. The observation that a mutation predicted to completely inactivate RNASEL protein was not associated with prostate cancer, but that a missense variant was associated, suggests that the effect is due to either partial inactivation of the protein, and/or acquisition of a new protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Agalliu
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Suzanne M. Leanza
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Lorrie Smith
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jeffrey M. Trent
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - John D. Carpten
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert D. Burk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology; and Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Chen YC, Giovannucci E, Kraft P, Hunter DJ. Association between genetic polymorphisms of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 gene and risk of prostate cancer in the health professionals follow-up study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:1001-3. [PMID: 18398045 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) is involved in chronic inflammation, which is a risk factor for prostate cancer. Association studies assessing the relationship between sequence variants of MSR1 and prostate cancer are inconsistent. We hypothesized that sequence variants of MSR1 were associated with prostate cancer risk. METHODS In a nested case-control design within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we identified 700 participants with prostate cancer diagnosed after they had provided a blood specimen in 1993 and before January 2000. Controls were 700 age-matched men without prostate cancer who had had a prostate-specific antigen test after providing a blood specimen. We genotyped three common (>5%) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that have been reported previously to be associated with risk of prostate cancer. RESULTS None of these MSR1 SNPs nor estimated haplotypes were associated with prostate cancer risk (P for the global test for haplotypes = 0.89). These MSR1 SNPs also did not appear to be associated with higher-grade or advanced-stage prostate cancer. CONCLUSION The association between these sequence variants of MSR1 and the risk of prostate cancer was null. Further study of aggressive prostate cancer may be warranted, as we had limited power to assess these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ching Chen
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Shea PR, Ishwad CS, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Kuller LH, Ferrell RE. RNASEL and RNASEL-inhibitor variation and prostate cancer risk in Afro-Caribbeans. Prostate 2008; 68:354-9. [PMID: 18189233 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Afro-Caribbeans from Tobago are at high risk of developing prostate cancer. This elevated risk of prostate cancer is shared by populations of African ancestry living in diverse environments in the Western hemisphere. Variation in the ribonuclease L (RNASEL) gene has recently been reported to be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. However, whether RNASEL variation contributes to the increased risk of prostate cancer observed in populations of African ancestry remains unclear. METHODS We resequenced the positional candidate gene RNASEL in 48 prostate cancer cases and genotyped the previously reported R462Q and D541E polymorphisms in 230 prostate cancer cases and 458 controls. We also examined the inhibitor of RNASEL (ABCE1) for variation associated with prostate cancer risk. RESULTS We found no evidence of association between R462Q and D541E polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk in our case/control analysis. A novel variant (K294E) was identified in a single heterozygous individual with prostate cancer. We also observed a 20 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism 1,109 bp upstream of the initiation codon, but this variant was not associated with prostate cancer. We identified 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ABCE1 gene, only 3 of which had a minor allele frequency >5%. A common A/G transition -1,071 bp from the transcriptional start site was genotyped and showed no evidence of association with prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that common variation in the putative prostate cancer susceptibility gene, RNASEL, or its inhibitor does not contribute significantly to prostate cancer risk in this Afro-Caribbean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Shea
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Cybulski C, Wokołorczyk D, Jakubowska A, Gliniewicz B, Sikorski A, Huzarski T, Debniak T, Narod SA, Lubiński J. DNA variation in MSR1, RNASEL and E-cadherin genes and prostate cancer in Poland. Urol Int 2007; 79:44-9. [PMID: 17627168 DOI: 10.1159/000102913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated whether or not inherited variation in MSR1, RNASEL and E-cadherin contribute to prostate cancer risk in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS We sequenced the coding region of these three genes in individuals from Poland and identified five common DNA variants (R462Q and D541E in RNASEL, R293X and P275A in MSR1, and 2076C>T (A692A) in E-cadherin). These five variants and the -160C>A promoter change in E-cadherin were genotyped in 737 prostate cancer cases and 511 controls. RESULTS The frequencies of genotyped variants in MSR1, RNASEL and E-cadherin genes in cases and controls were similar. We did not see any association for the studied variants when cases were stratified by age of diagnosis, by family history, by prostate-specific antigen level at the time of diagnosis, by Gleason sore or by tumor stage. CONCLUSIONS Inherited variation in RNASEL, MSR1 and E-cadherin genes do not seem to contribute to prostate cancer development in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Abstract
PURPOSE Studies revealing conflicting results on the role of RNASEL polymorphisms Glu265X, Arg462Gln, and Asp541Glu on prostate cancer risk led us to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the association of these polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Relevant studies were selected by searching PubMed from January 1996 to August 2005 using keywords "RNASEL gene AND prostate cancer." For each study, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated to estimate the gene effect. Pooled estimates of the OR were computed using the random effects model. RESULTS Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall results suggested no major influence of these variants on prostate cancer risk. However, analysis of the Asp541Glu polymorphism by ethnic populations showed that Asp/Glu (familial cases versus control: OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.04-1.82; sporadic cases versus control: OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.07-1.48; prostate cancer versus control: OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.12-1.48) and Asp/Glu + Glu/Glu (familial cases versus control: OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.10-1.70; sporadic cases versus control: OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07-1.44; prostate cancer versus control: OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13-1.44) increased prostate cancer risk in Caucasians, thus suggesting a dominant model for the Glu variant. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the genotype Asp/Asp, the Glu variant at the Asp541Glu polymorphism increases prostate cancer risk by <2-fold in Caucasians, regardless of family history of the disease. This suggests that genuine genetic effects of this polymorphism may account for only a part of prostate cancer in the Caucasian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Li
- Biostatistics Unit, Division of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 129610, Singapore.
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Orr-Urtreger A, Bar-Shira A, Bercovich D, Matarasso N, Rozovsky U, Rosner S, Soloviov S, Rennert G, Kadouri L, Hubert A, Rennert H, Matzkin H. RNASEL Mutation Screening and Association Study in Ashkenazi and Non-Ashkenazi Prostate Cancer Patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:474-9. [PMID: 16537704 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic and genetic studies support the considerable effect of heritable factors on prostate tumorigenesis, although to date, no unequivocal susceptibility gene has been identified. The extensive study of RNASEL in prostate cancer patients worldwide has yielded conflicting results. We reevaluated the role of the RNASEL 471delAAAG Ashkenazi founder mutation in 1,642 Ashkenazi patients with prostate, bladder, breast/ovarian, and colon cancers; Ashkenazi controls; and in non-Ashkenazi prostate cancer patients and controls. The entire RNASEL coding sequence was also screened using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for possible sequence variations or copy number changes in a population of prostate cancer patients. The 471delAAAG mutation was detected in 2.4% of the Ashkenazi prostate cancer patients; in 1.9% of patients with bladder, breast/ovarian, and colon cancers; and in 2.0% of the Ashkenazi controls. Seven additional variants were detected in RNASEL, including a novel potentially pathogenic splice site mutation, IVS5+1delG, although none were associated with increased prostate cancer risk. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis showed two RNASEL gene copies in all 300 prostate cancer patients tested. We estimated that the RNASEL 471delAAAG founder mutation, which was detected in 2% of the Ashkenazi Jews, originated between the 2nd and 5th centuries A.D., compared with the less frequent (1%) BRCA1 185delAG founder mutation, which originated hundreds of years earlier. Taken together, our analysis does not support a role for the RNASEL 471delAAAG Ashkenazi mutation nor for the other alterations detected in RNASEL in prostate cancer risk in Jewish men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Orr-Urtreger
- Genetic Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239 Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Bartsch DK, Fendrich V, Slater EP, Sina-Frey M, Rieder H, Greenhalf W, Chaloupka B, Hahn SA, Neoptolemos JP, Kress R. RNASEL germline variants are associated with pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer 2006; 117:718-22. [PMID: 15981205 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The RNASEL (encoding ribonuclease L) gene Glu265X mutation has been implicated in familial prostate cancer, and an association between the RNASEL Arg462Gln variant and sporadic and familial prostate cancer, has also been suggested. Because prostate cancer occurs in some familial pancreatic cancer families, we evaluated the role of the RNASEL gene variants Glu265X and Arg462Gln in the etiology of pancreatic cancer. Exon 2 of the RNASEL gene was directly sequenced in the germline of 36 familial and 75 sporadic pancreatic cancer patients and in 108 controls. The Glu265X mutation was identified in one (2.8%) familial and one (1.3%) sporadic pancreatic cancer case, but not in any of the controls. Arg462Gln variants were identified in 61 (56%) controls and in 55 (73%) sporadic pancreatic cancer cases with 8 (7%) and 12 (16%) homozygotes, respectively (p = 0.009). For homozygous carriers the increased risk for pancreatic cancer was 3.5 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-11.46, p = 0.03). The population attributable fraction (PAF) was 38.7% (95% CI = 0.08-0.80). In familial pancreatic cancer no association between Arg462Gln genotypes and pancreatic cancer risk was evident. In sporadic pancreatic cancer there were no significant differences between Arg462Gln genotypes regarding clinical characteristics. In familial pancreatic cancer, however, patients with Arg462Gln variants had more aggressive tumors with more high grade cancers (OR = 15.40, p = 0.009) and more distant metastases (OR = 7.00, p = 0.04) than patients with the wild-type genotype. Our results suggest that RNASEL variants Glu265X and Arg462Gln may contribute to the tumorigenesis of sporadic and familial pancreatic cancer, which has to be proven in large scale studies.
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Bettoun DJ, Scafonas A, Rutledge SJ, Hodor P, Chen O, Gambone C, Vogel R, McElwee-Witmer S, Bai C, Freedman L, Schmidt A. Interaction between the androgen receptor and RNase L mediates a cross-talk between the interferon and androgen signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:38898-901. [PMID: 16166078 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c500324200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling by androgens and interferons (IFN) plays an important role in prostate cancer initiation and progression. Using microarray analysis, we describe here a functional cross-talk between dihydrotestosterone and interferon signaling. Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that the androgen receptor and the interferon-activated RNase L interact with each other in a ligand-dependent manner. Furthermore, overexpression of wild type RNase L confers IFN sensitivity to a dihydrotestosterone-inducible reporter gene, whereas R462Q-mutated RNase L does not. Based on our data we hypothesize that in 22RV1 cells, activated androgen receptor (AR) contributes to the insensitivity to IFN of the cell. Accordingly, we show that AR knockdown restores responsiveness to IFNgamma. Our findings support a model in which both the activation of AR and the down-regulation of IFN signaling can synergize to promote cell survival and suppress apoptosis. This model provides the molecular basis to understand how mutated RNase L can lead to early onset PCa and illustrates how inflammatory cytokines and nuclear hormone signaling contribute to tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Bettoun
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Merck Research Laboratory, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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Krüger S, Silber AS, Engel C, Görgens H, Mangold E, Pagenstecher C, Holinski-Feder E, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Moeslein G, Dietmaier W, Stemmler S, Friedl W, Rüschoff J, Schackert HK. Arg462Gln sequence variation in the prostate-cancer-susceptibility gene RNASEL and age of onset of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer: a case-control study. Lancet Oncol 2005; 6:566-72. [PMID: 16054567 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(05)70253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNASEL is thought to be a susceptibility gene for hereditary prostate cancer and encodes the endoribonuclease RNase L, which has a role in apoptosis and is a candidate tumour-suppressor protein. A common sequence variation in RNASEL, Arg462Gln, has been associated with hereditary and sporadic prostate cancer, and the Gln variant has about three-fold reduced RNase activity in vitro. In view of the association between the age of onset of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer and functionally different variants of P53, which play a key part in the apoptotic pathway, we aimed to assess whether the Arg462Gln variation of RNASEL affects the age of onset of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. METHODS We screened 251 patients with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer who were unrelated, had pathogenic germline mutations in MSH2 (n=141) or MLH1 (n=110), and had colorectal carcinoma as the first tumour, for variation at codon 462 of RNASEL and compared them with 439 healthy controls. FINDINGS The median age of onset was 40 years (range 17-75) for patients with an Arg/Arg genotype at codon 462, 37 years (13-69) for patients with an Arg/Gln genotype, and 34 years (20-49) for those with a Gln/Gln genotype (p=0.0198). Only the RNASEL genotype had a significant effect on age of onset (p=0.0062) in an additive mode of inheritance. Pair-wise comparisons between genotype groups showed that the two homozygous groups (ie, Arg/Arg vs Gln/Gln) differed significantly in age of disease onset (mean age difference 4.8 years [SD 1.7], p=0.0044). INTERPRETATION A sequence variation in the prostate-cancer-susceptibility gene RNASEL has a role in a different, unassociated malignant disease. Genotypes at RNASEL codon 462 are associated with age of onset of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer in a dose-dependent way, and might have a role in preventive strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Krüger
- Department of Surgical Research, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
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Rennert H, Zeigler-Johnson CM, Addya K, Finley MJ, Walker AH, Spangler E, Leonard DGB, Wein A, Malkowicz SB, Rebbeck TR. Association of susceptibility alleles in ELAC2/HPC2, RNASEL/HPC1, and MSR1 with prostate cancer severity in European American and African American men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:949-57. [PMID: 15824169 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported associations of ELAC2/HPC2, RNASEL/HPC1, and MSR1 with prostate cancer have been inconsistent and understudied in African Americans. We evaluated the role of 16 sequence variants in these genes with prostate cancer using 888 European American and 131 African American cases, and 473 European American and 163 African American, controls. We observed significant differences in ELAC2, RNASEL, and MSR1 allele frequencies by race. However, we did not observe significant associations between prostate cancer and any variants examined for both races combined. Associations were observed when stratified by race, family history, or disease severity. European American men homozygous for MSR1 IVS7delTTA had an elevated risk for localized stage [odds ratio, (OR), 3.5; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.4-6.9], low-grade (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.4-7.3) disease overall, and with low-grade (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2-7.2) or late-stage disease (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.1-25.7) in family history-negative African Americans. MSR1 Arg293X was associated with family history-negative high-grade disease (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.1-14.1) in European Americans. RNASEL Arg462Gln was associated with low-grade (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.04-2.2) and early-stage (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.02-2.1) disease in family history-negative European Americans. In family history-positive individuals, Arg462Gln was inversely associated with low-grade (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.88) and low-stage (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22-0.95) disease. In African Americans, Arg462Gln was associated with positive family history high-stage disease (OR, 14.8; 95% CI, 1.6-135.7). Meta-analyses revealed significant associations of prostate cancer with MSR1 IVS7delTTA, -14,742 A>G, and Arg293X in European Americans; Asp174Tyr in African Americans; RNASEL Arg462Gln in European American's overall and in family history-negative disease; and Glu265X in family history-positive European Americans. Therefore, MSR1 and RNASEL may play a role in prostate cancer progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Rennert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Health System, 7 Gates West, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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18
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Wiklund F, Jonsson BA, Brookes AJ, Strömqvist L, Adolfsson J, Emanuelsson M, Adami HO, Augustsson-Bälter K, Grönberg H. Genetic analysis of the RNASEL gene in hereditary, familial, and sporadic prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 10:7150-6. [PMID: 15534086 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The RNASEL gene has been proposed as a candidate gene for the HPC1 locus through a positional cloning and candidate gene approach. Cosegregation between the truncating mutation E265X and disease in a hereditary prostate cancer (HPC) family and association between prostate cancer risk and the common missense variant R462Q has been reported. To additionally evaluate the possible role of RNASEL in susceptibility to prostate cancer risk, we performed a comprehensive genetic analysis of sequence variants in RNASEL in the Swedish population. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using 1624 prostate cancer cases and 801 unaffected controls, the truncating mutation E265X and five common sequence variants, including the two missense mutations R462Q and D541E, were evaluated for association between genotypes/haplotypes and prostate cancer risk. RESULTS The prevalence of E265X carriers among unaffected controls and prostate cancer patients was almost identical (1.9 and 1.8% in controls and cases, respectively), and evidence for segregation of E265X with disease was not observed within any HPC family. Overall, the analyses of common sequence variants provided limited evidence for association with prostate cancer risk. We found a marginally significant inverse association between the missense mutation D541E and sporadic prostate cancer risk (odds ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-1.00) and reduced risk of prostate cancer in carriers of two different haplotypes being completely discordant. CONCLUSIONS Considering the high quality in genotyping and the size of this study, these results provide solid evidence against a major role of RNASEL in prostate cancer etiology in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, and Medical Biosciences, Pathology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.
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Maier C, Haeusler J, Herkommer K, Vesovic Z, Hoegel J, Vogel W, Paiss T. Mutation screening and association study of RNASEL as a prostate cancer susceptibility gene. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:1159-64. [PMID: 15714208 PMCID: PMC2361943 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, germline mutations have been found in three candidate genes for hereditary prostate cancer: ELAC2 at 17p11, RNASEL at 1q25 and MSR1 at 8p22. RNASEL, encoding the 2',5'-oligoadenylate-dependant RNase L, seems to have rare mutations in different ethnicities, such as M1I in Afro-Americans, E265X in men of European descent and 471delAAAG in Ashkenazi Jews. In order to evaluate the relevance of RNASEL in the German population, we sequenced its open reading frame to determine the spectrum and frequency of germline mutations. The screen included 303 affected men from 136 Caucasian families, of which 45 met the criteria for hereditary prostate cancer. Variants were analysed using a family-based association test, and genotyped in an additional 227 sporadic prostate cancer patients and 207 controls. We identified only two sib pairs (1.4% of our families) cosegregating conspicuous RNASEL variants with prostate cancer: the nonsense mutation E265X, and a new amino-acid substitution (R400P) of unknown functional relevance. Both alleles were also found at low frequencies (1.4 and 0.5%, respectively) in controls. No significant association of polymorphisms (I97L, R462Q and D541E) was observed, neither in case-control analyses nor by family-based association tests. In contrast to previous reports, our study does not suggest that common variants (i.e. R462Q) modify disease risk. Our results are not consistent with a high penetrance of deleterious RNASEL mutations. Due to the low frequency of germline mutations present in our sample, RNASEL does not have a significant impact on prostate cancer susceptibility in the German population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maier
- Abteilung Humangenetik, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - J Haeusler
- Abteilung Humangenetik, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - K Herkommer
- Urologische Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik, Abteilung für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Prittwitzstrasse 43, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Z Vesovic
- Abteilung Humangenetik, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - J Hoegel
- Abteilung Humangenetik, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - W Vogel
- Abteilung Humangenetik, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - T Paiss
- Urologische Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik, Abteilung für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Prittwitzstrasse 43, 89075 Ulm, Germany
- Urologische Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik, Abteilung für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Prittwitzstrasse 43, 89075 Ulm, Germany. E-mail:
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Joniau S, Goeman L, Pennings J, Van Poppel H. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN): importance and clinical management. Eur Urol 2005; 48:379-85. [PMID: 15961218 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2005.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2004] [Accepted: 03/10/2005] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Garraway IP, Seligson D, Said J, Horvath S, Reiter RE. Trefoil factor 3 is overexpressed in human prostate cancer. Prostate 2004; 61:209-14. [PMID: 15368472 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The trefoil factors are secreted peptides produced by normal intestinal mucosa. Members of the trefoil family are overexpressed in a variety of cancers and are associated with tumor invasion, resistance to apoptosis, and metastasis. Recent cDNA array analyses suggest that human intestinal trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) may be overexpressed in human prostate cancer. Immunohistochemistry was performed on a prostate cancer tissue microarray containing tumor tissue samples from 246 primary radical retropubic prostatectomy cases with antibodies specific for TFF3. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and morphologically normal prostatic epithelium were represented on this array. Additionally, 18 metastatic lesions were also stained. Two independent pathologists scored the tissue arrays, with positive cases defined as those containing TFF3 staining in a majority of target cells within any spots representing the appropriate designated histology. Forty-two percent of 236 cases containing prostate cancer stained positive for TFF3, while only 10% of 145 cases containing normal tissue and 18% of 91 cases containing BPH, stained positive. Seven of 18 (39%) metastatic lesions analyzed stained positive. Although TFF3 expression correlates significantly with prostate cancer, TFF3 expression did not correlate with Gleason grade, tumor stage, or rate of recurrence. These studies validate that TFF3 is overexpressed in a subset of primary and metastic prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isla P Garraway
- Department of Urology and The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, USA
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22
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Edwards SM, Eeles RA. Unravelling the genetics of prostate cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2004; 129C:65-73. [PMID: 15264274 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review describes what is currently known about the genetics of prostate cancer. Traditionally, the genetics of a suspected inherited cancer predisposition have generally been thought of in terms of a single, high-risk gene with a dominant mode of inheritance. Such a gene might be observed in families, as has been documented in familial breast cancer (BRCA1/2), familial colorectal cancer (HNPCC), retinoblastoma (RB1), and Wilms tumor (WT1). This review investigates the evidence for the existence, first of familial prostate cancer, and second, for the presence of such a high-risk gene in those families by epidemiological and experimental approaches. Another current area of interest in prostate cancer is the investigation of the contribution of common lower penetrance genes to the disease. This alternative approach has become popular, as it raises the issue of frequently seen genetic variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) having relevance to the risk of developing the disease. Finally, this article will explore the way forward, with emphasis on worldwide collaboration from teams attempting to find the genes responsible for the disease and investment in new technologies that will aid in their discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Edwards
- Translational Cancer Genetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
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23
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Kommu S, Edwards S, Eeles R. The clinical genetics of prostate cancer. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2004; 2:111-21. [PMID: 20233465 PMCID: PMC4392519 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-2-3-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 07/27/2004] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men and the second highest cause of cancer-related mortality in the U.K. A genetic component in predisposition to prostate cancer has been recognized for decades. One of the strongest epidemiological risk factors for prostate cancer is a positive family history. The hunt for the genes that predispose to prostate cancer in families has been the focus of many research groups worldwide for the past 10 years. Both epidemiological and twin studies support a role for genetic predisposition to prostate cancer. Familial cancer loci have been found, but the genes that cause familial prostate cancer remain largely elusive. Unravelling the genetics of prostate cancer is challenging and is likely to involve the analysis of numerous predisposition genes. Current evidence supports the hypothesis that excess familial risk of prostate cancer could be due to the inheritance of multiple moderate-risk genetic variants. Although research on hereditary prostate cancer has improved our knowledge of the genetic aetiology of the disease, a lot of questions still remain unanswered. This article explores the current evidence that there is a genetic component to the aetiology of prostate cancer and attempts to put into context the diverse findings that have been shown to be possibly associated with the development of hereditary prostate cancer. Linkage searches over the last decade are summarised. It explores issues as to why understanding the genetics of prostate cancer has been so difficult and why despite this, it is still a major focus of research. Finally, current and future management strategies of men with Hereditary Prostate Cancer (HPC) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashi Kommu
- Reader in Clinical Cancer Genetics, Translational Cancer Genetics Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK.
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24
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Pandey M, Rath PC. Expression of interferon-inducible recombinant human RNase L causes RNA degradation and inhibition of cell growth in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 317:586-97. [PMID: 15063798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-inducible ribonuclease L (RNase L) is a unique ankyrin-repeat containing endoribonuclease activated by 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) cofactor leading to RNA degradation and apoptosis during antiviral response in mammalian cells. We report that expression of recombinant human RNase L (1-741 a.a.) caused RNA degradation and inhibition of cell growth in Escherichia coli in absence of exogenous 2-5A. On the contrary, expression of a homologous but dominant negative form of murine RNase L (1-656 a.a.), lacking the RNA binding and ribonuclease domain, did not show RNA degradation, rather it stimulated cell growth. Upon computational analysis by pBLAST search, a putative transcription factor (yahD, F64758, and NP_414852) from the E. coli genome showed highest homology (E value=1e(-17)) with 90-259 a.a. region of human RNase L due to ankyrin repeats with conserved GKT motifs. Ankyrin repeats 6-9 of RNase L are involved in 2-5A binding, dimerization, and activation of the ribonuclease. Thus, a biochemically active human RNase L in E. coli strongly suggests for a prokaryotic cell growth-inhibitory mechanism possibly through ankyrin-ankyrin interaction of YahD and RNase L leading to RNA degradation. The mammalian interferon-inducible RNase L and E. coli yahD protein may have common origin for the ankyrin repeats with 2-5A binding sites. Thus, RNA degradation and cell growth inhibition by recombinant human RNase L biochemically reconstituted mammalian cellular response to interferon in E. coli. RNase L has prokaryotic evolutionary history, it is not only an antiviral but also an antibacterial gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Pandey
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Brown WM, Lange EM, Chen H, Zheng SL, Chang B, Wiley KE, Isaacs SD, Walsh PC, Isaacs WB, Xu J, Cooney KA. Hereditary prostate cancer in African American families: linkage analysis using markers that map to five candidate susceptibility loci. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:510-4. [PMID: 14735201 PMCID: PMC2410149 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
African American men have the highest incidence of prostate cancer in the world. Despite this statistic, linkage studies designed to localise prostate cancer susceptibility alleles have included primarily men of Caucasian descent. In this report, we performed a linkage analysis using 33 African American prostate cancer families from two independent research groups. In total, 126 individuals (including 89 men with prostate cancer) were genotyped using markers that map to five prostate cancer susceptibility loci, namely HPC1 at 1q24–25, PCAP at 1q42.2–43, CAPB at 1p36, HPC20 on chromosome 20, and HPCX at Xq27–28. Multipoint mode-of-inheritance-free linkage analyses were performed using the GENEHUNTER software. Some evidence of prostate cancer was detected to HPC1 using all families with a maximum NPL Z score of 1.12 near marker D1S413 (P=0.13). Increased evidence of linkage was observed in the 24 families with prostate cancer diagnosis prior to age 65 years and in the 20 families with male-to-male transmission. Some evidence of prostate cancer linkage was also detected at markers mapping to PCAP, HPC20, and HPCX. Continued collection and analysis of African American prostate cancer families will lead to an improved understanding of inherited susceptibility in this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Brown
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - E M Lange
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - H Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Ann Arbor Department of Veteran's Affairs, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - S L Zheng
- Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - B Chang
- Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - K E Wiley
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - S D Isaacs
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - P C Walsh
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - W B Isaacs
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - J Xu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - K A Cooney
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Ann Arbor Department of Veteran's Affairs, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- 7310 CCGC, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0946, USA. E-mail:
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Friedrichsen DM, Stanford JL, Isaacs SD, Janer M, Chang BL, Deutsch K, Gillanders E, Kolb S, Wiley KE, Badzioch MD, Zheng SL, Walsh PC, Jarvik GP, Hood L, Trent JM, Isaacs WB, Ostrander EA, Xu J. Identification of a prostate cancer susceptibility locus on chromosome 7q11-21 in Jewish families. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:1939-44. [PMID: 14769943 PMCID: PMC357031 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0308336100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Results from over a dozen prostate cancer susceptibility genome-wide scans, encompassing some 1,500 hereditary prostate cancer families, indicate that prostate cancer is an extremely heterogeneous disease with multiple loci contributing to overall susceptibility. In an attempt to reduce locus heterogeneity, we performed a genomewide linkage scan for prostate cancer susceptibility genes with 36 Jewish families, which represent a stratification of hereditary prostate cancer families with potentially increased locus homogeneity. The 36 Jewish families represent a combined dataset of 17 Jewish families from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center-based Prostate Cancer Genetic Research Study dataset and 19 Ashkenazi Jewish families collected at Johns Hopkins University. All available family members, including 94 affected men, were genotyped at markers distributed across the genome with an average interval of <10 centimorgans. Nonparametric multipoint linkage analyses were the primary approach, although parametric analyses were performed as well. Our strongest signal was a significant linkage peak at 7q11-21, with a nonparametric linkage (NPL) score of 3.01 (P = 0.0013). Simulations indicated that this corresponds to a genomewide empirical P = 0.006. All other regions had NPL P values >/=0.02. After genotyping additional markers within the 7q11-21 peak, the NPL score increased to 3.35 (P = 0.0004) at D7S634 with an allele-sharing logarithm of odds of 3.12 (P = 0.00007). These studies highlight the utility of analyzing defined sets of families with a common origin for reducing locus heterogeneity problems associated with studying complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Friedrichsen
- Divisions of Clinical Research and Human Biology and Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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27
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Lange EM, Gillanders EM, Davis CC, Brown WM, Campbell JK, Jones M, Gildea D, Riedesel E, Albertus J, Freas-Lutz D, Markey C, Giri V, Dimmer JB, Montie JE, Trent JM, Cooney KA. Genome-wide scan for prostate cancer susceptibility genes using families from the University of Michigan prostate cancer genetics project finds evidence for linkage on chromosome 17 near BRCA1. Prostate 2003; 57:326-34. [PMID: 14601029 DOI: 10.1002/pros.10307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous linkage studies have suggested prostate cancer susceptibility genes located on chromosomes 1, 20, and X. Several putative prostate cancer candidate genes have also been identified including RNASEL, MSR1, and ELAC2. Presently, these linkage regions and candidate genes appear to explain only a small proportion of hereditary prostate cancer cases suggesting the need for additional whole genome analyses. METHODS A genome-wide mode-of-inheritance-free linkage scan, using 405 genetic markers, was conducted on 175 pedigrees, the majority containing three or more affected individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer. Stratified linkage analyses were performed based on previously established criteria. RESULTS Results based on the entire set of 175 pedigrees showed strong suggestive evidence for linkage on chromosome 17q (LOD = 2.36), with strongest evidence coming from the subset of pedigrees with four or more affected individuals (LOD = 3.27). Race specific analyses revealed strong suggestive evidence for linkage in our African-American pedigrees on chromosome 22q (LOD = 2.35). CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide analysis of a large set of prostate cancer families indicates new areas of the genome that may harbor prostate cancer susceptibility genes. Specifically, our linkage results suggest that there is a prostate cancer susceptibility gene on chromosome 17 that is independent of ELAC2. Further research including combined analyses of independent genome-wide scan data may clarify the most important regions for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M Lange
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Section on Biostatistics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1063, USA.
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Edwards S, Meitz J, Eles R, Evans C, Easton D, Hopper J, Giles G, Foulkes WD, Narod S, Simard J, Badzioch M, Mahle L. Results of a genome-wide linkage analysis in prostate cancer families ascertained through the ACTANE consortium. Prostate 2003; 57:270-9. [PMID: 14601023 DOI: 10.1002/pros.10301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aggregation of prostate cancer within families suggests a major inherited component to the disease. Genetic linkage studies have identified several chromosomal regions that may contain prostate cancer susceptibility loci, but none has been definitively implicated. METHODS We performed a genome-wide linkage search based on 64 families, 63 with at least 3 cases of prostate cancer, ascertained in five countries. The majority of cases from these centers presented with clinically detected disease. Four hundred and one polymorphic markers were typed in 268 individuals. Multipoint heterogeneity analysis was conducted under three models of susceptibility; non-parametric analyses were also performed. RESULTS Some weak evidence of linkage, under at least one of the genetic models, was observed to markers on chromosomes 2 (heterogeneity LOD (HLOD) = 1.15, P = 0.021), 3 (HLOD = 1.25, P = 0.016), 4 (HLOD = 1.28, P = 0.015), 5 (HLOD = 1.20, P = 0.019), 6 (HLOD = 1.41, P = 0.011), and 11 (HLOD = 1.24, P = 0.018), and in two regions on chromosome 18 (HLOD = 1.40, P = 0.011 and HLOD = 1.34, P = 0.013). There were no HLOD scores greater than 1.5 under any model, and no locus would be predicted to explain more than half of the genetic effect. No evidence in favor of linkage to previously suggested regions on chromosomes 1, 8, 17, 20, or X was found. CONCLUSIONS Genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer is likely to be controlled by many loci, with no single gene explaining a large fraction of the familial risk. Pooling of results from all available genome scans is likely to be required to obtain definitive linkage results.
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Abstract
Recent advances in molecular techniques have given the opportunity to assess genomic and proteomic alterations comprehensively and rapidly in routinely acquired tissue samples. In particular, new markers derived from qualitative and quantitative DNA, RNA, and protein analysis have provided additional objective information to supplant and extend the morphologic interpretations and have been increasingly integrated into the final surgical pathology diagnosis. In this review several recently developed molecular techniques are described and illustrated. The focus is on prostate cancer diagnostics, as an example of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Montironi
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region (Ancona), Azienda Ospedaliera Umberto I degrees, I-60020, Ancona, Torrette, Italy.
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