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Ding M, Yan J, Chen Y, Liu J, Chao G, Zhang S. Changes in M6A methylation: A key factor in the vicious cycle of flora -gut aging. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102351. [PMID: 38820855 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The aging process significantly impacts the gastrointestinal tract and various bodily systems, exacerbating age-related diseases. Research suggests a correlation between an imbalance in intestinal flora and gut aging, yet the precise mechanism remains incompletely elucidated. Epigenetic modifications, particularly m6A methylation, play a pivotal role in driving aging and are closely associated with gut aging. Maintaining a healthy balance of intestinal microbes is contingent upon m6A methylation, which is believed to be crucial in the vicious cycle of gut aging and intestinal flora. This article highlights the importance of m6A methylation in the nexus between gut aging and flora. It proposes the potential for targeted m6A methylation to break the vicious cycle of gut aging and flora imbalance, offering novel perspectives on attenuating or reversing gut aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Ding
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou, PR China; Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Junbin Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou, PR China; Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou, PR China; Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Jinguo Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou, PR China; Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Guanqun Chao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou, PR China; Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China.
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou, PR China; Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China.
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Li Y, Ning X, Zhao Z, He X, Xue Q, Zhou M, Li W, Li M. Core fucosylation of maternal milk N-glycans imparts early-life immune tolerance through gut microbiota-dependent regulation in RORγt + Treg cells. Food Funct 2024; 15:4140-4153. [PMID: 38445991 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00230j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Milk glycans play key roles in shaping and maintaining a healthy infant gut microbiota. Core fucosylation catalyzed by fucosyltransferase (Fut8) is the major glycosylation pattern on human milk N-glycan, which was crucial for promoting the colonization and dominant growth of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp. in neonates. However, the influence of core-fucose in breast milk on the establishment of early-life immune tolerance remains poorly characterized. In this study, we found that the deficiency of core-fucose in the milk of maternal mice caused by Fut8 gene heterozygosity (Fut8+/-) resulted in poor immune tolerance towards the ovalbumin (OVA) challenge, accompanied by a reduced proportion of intestinal RORγt+ Treg cells and the abundance of Lactobacillus spp., especially L. reuteri and L. johnsonii, in their breast-fed neonates. The administration of the L. reuteri and L. johnsonii mixture to neonatal mice compromised the OVA-induced allergy and up-regulated the intestinal RORγt+ Treg cell proportions. However, Lactobacillus mixture supplementation did not alleviate allergic responses in RORγt+ Treg cell-deficient mice caused by Rorc gene heterozygosity (Rorc+/-) post OVA challenge, indicating that the intervention effects depend on the RORγt+ Treg cells. Interestingly, instead of L. reuteri and L. johnsonii, we found that the relative abundance of another Lactobacillus spp., L. murinus, in the gut of the offspring mice was significantly promoted by intervention, which showed enhancing effects on the proliferation of splenic and intestinal RORγt+ Treg cells in in vitro studies. The above results indicate that core fucosylation of breast milk N-glycans is beneficial for the establishment of RORγt+ Treg cell mediated early-life immune tolerance through the manipulation of symbiotic bacteria in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Xixi Ning
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Zihui Zhao
- Pelvic Floor Repair Center, Dalian Women and Children's Medical Group, Dalian, China
| | - Xi He
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Qidi Xue
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Manlin Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Yagin FH, Shateri A, Nasiri H, Yagin B, Colak C, Alghannam AF. Development of an expert system for the classification of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. PeerJ Comput Sci 2024; 10:e1857. [PMID: 38660205 PMCID: PMC11041999 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a severe condition with an uncertain origin and a dismal prognosis. There is presently no precise diagnostic test for ME/CFS, and the diagnosis is determined primarily by the presence of certain symptoms. The current study presents an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) integrated machine learning (ML) framework that identifies and classifies potential metabolic biomarkers of ME/CFS. Metabolomic data from blood samples from 19 controls and 32 ME/CFS patients, all female, who were between age and body mass index (BMI) frequency-matched groups, were used to develop the XAI-based model. The dataset contained 832 metabolites, and after feature selection, the model was developed using only 50 metabolites, meaning less medical knowledge is required, thus reducing diagnostic costs and improving prognostic time. The computational method was developed using six different ML algorithms before and after feature selection. The final classification model was explained using the XAI approach, SHAP. The best-performing classification model (XGBoost) achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCROC) value of 98.85%. SHAP results showed that decreased levels of alpha-CEHC sulfate, hypoxanthine, and phenylacetylglutamine, as well as increased levels of N-delta-acetylornithine and oleoyl-linoloyl-glycerol (18:1/18:2)[2], increased the risk of ME/CFS. Besides the robustness of the methodology used, the results showed that the combination of ML and XAI could explain the biomarker prediction of ME/CFS and provided a first step toward establishing prognostic models for ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Hilal Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Ahmadreza Shateri
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hamid Nasiri
- Department of Computer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Burak Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Cemil Colak
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Abdullah F. Alghannam
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Stepanova M, Aherne CM. Adenosine in Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function. Cells 2024; 13:381. [PMID: 38474346 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
At the intestinal front, several lines of defense are in place to resist infection and injury, the mucus layer, gut microbiome and strong epithelial junctions, to name a few. Their collaboration creates a resilient barrier. In intestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), barrier function is compromised, which results in rampant inflammation and tissue injury. In response to the destruction, the intestinal epithelium releases adenosine, a small but powerful nucleoside that functions as an alarm signal. Amidst the chaos of inflammation, adenosine aims to restore order. Within the scope of its effects is the ability to regulate intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. This review aims to define the contributions of adenosine to mucus production, microbiome-dependent barrier protection, tight junction dynamics, chloride secretion and acid-base balance to reinforce its importance in the intestinal epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Stepanova
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carol M Aherne
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Nessim Kostandy E, Suh JH, Tian X, Okeugo B, Rubin E, Shirai S, Luo M, Taylor CM, Kim KH, Rhoads JM, Liu Y. Probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 Changes Foxp3 Deficiency-Induced Dyslipidemia and Chronic Hepatitis in Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:511. [PMID: 38398835 PMCID: PMC10892585 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 produces anti-inflammatory effects in scurfy (SF) mice, a model characterized by immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X-linked inheritance (called IPEX syndrome in humans), caused by regulatory T cell (Treg) deficiency and is due to a Foxp3 gene mutation. Considering the pivotal role of lipids in autoimmune inflammatory processes, we investigated alterations in the relative abundance of lipid profiles in SF mice (± treatment with DSM 17938) compared to normal WT mice. We also examined the correlation between plasma lipids and gut microbiota and circulating inflammatory markers. We noted a significant upregulation of plasma lipids associated with autoimmune disease in SF mice, many of which were downregulated by DSM 17938. The upregulated lipids in SF mice demonstrated a significant correlation with gut bacteria known to be implicated in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. Chronic hepatitis in SF livers responded to DSM 17938 treatment with a reduction in hepatic inflammation. Altered gene expression associated with lipid metabolism and the positive correlation between lipids and inflammatory cytokines together suggest that autoimmunity leads to dyslipidemia with impaired fatty acid oxidation in SF mice. Probiotics are presumed to contribute to the reduction of lipids by reducing inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erini Nessim Kostandy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ji Ho Suh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Beanna Okeugo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erin Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sara Shirai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Vidal Moreno de Vega C, de Meeûs d’Argenteuil C, Boshuizen B, De Mare L, Gansemans Y, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Deforce D, Goethals K, De Spiegelaere W, Leybaert L, Verdegaal ELJ, Delesalle C. Baselining physiological parameters in three muscles across three equine breeds. What can we learn from the horse? Front Physiol 2024; 15:1291151. [PMID: 38384798 PMCID: PMC10879303 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1291151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mapping-out baseline physiological muscle parameters with their metabolic blueprint across multiple archetype equine breeds, will contribute to better understanding their functionality, even across species. Aims: 1) to map out and compare the baseline fiber type composition, fiber type and mean fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA, mfCSA) and metabolic blueprint of three muscles in 3 different breeds 2) to study possible associations between differences in histomorphological parameters and baseline metabolism. Methods: Muscle biopsies [m. pectoralis (PM), m. vastus lateralis (VL) and m. semitendinosus (ST)] were harvested of 7 untrained Friesians, 12 Standardbred and 4 Warmblood mares. Untargeted metabolomics was performed on the VL and PM of Friesian and Warmblood horses and the VL of Standardbreds using UHPLC/MS/MS and GC/MS. Breed effect on fiber type percentage and fCSA and mfCSA was tested with Kruskal-Wallis. Breeds were compared with Wilcoxon rank-sum test, with Bonferroni correction. Spearman correlation explored the association between the metabolic blueprint and morphometric parameters. Results: The ST was least and the VL most discriminative across breeds. In Standardbreds, a significantly higher proportion of type IIA fibers was represented in PM and VL. Friesians showed a significantly higher representation of type IIX fibers in the PM. No significant differences in fCSA were present across breeds. A significantly larger mfCSA was seen in the VL of Standardbreds. Lipid and nucleotide super pathways were significantly more upregulated in Friesians, with increased activity of short and medium-chain acylcarnitines together with increased abundance of long chain and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Standardbreds showed highly active xenobiotic pathways and high activity of long and very long chain acylcarnitines. Amino acid metabolism was similar across breeds, with branched and aromatic amino acid sub-pathways being highly active in Friesians. Carbohydrate, amino acid and nucleotide super pathways and carnitine metabolism showed higher activity in Warmbloods compared to Standardbreds. Conclusion: Results show important metabolic differences between equine breeds for lipid, amino acid, nucleotide and carbohydrate metabolism and in that order. Mapping the metabolic profile together with morphometric parameters provides trainers, owners and researchers with crucial information to develop future strategies with respect to customized training and dietary regimens to reach full potential in optimal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Vidal Moreno de Vega
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Constance de Meeûs d’Argenteuil
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Berit Boshuizen
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Wolvega Equine Hospital, Oldeholtpade, Netherlands
| | - Lorie De Mare
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Yannick Gansemans
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Klara Goethals
- Biometrics Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth-Lidwien J.M.M. Verdegaal
- Thermoregulation Research Group, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Cathérine Delesalle
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Shen X, Xie A, Li Z, Jiang C, Wu J, Li M, Yue X. Research Progress for Probiotics Regulating Intestinal Flora to Improve Functional Dyspepsia: A Review. Foods 2024; 13:151. [PMID: 38201179 PMCID: PMC10778471 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. The pathophysiology remains poorly understood; however, alterations in the small intestinal microbiome have been observed. Current treatments for FD with drugs are limited, and there are certain safety problems. A class of active probiotic bacteria can control gastrointestinal homeostasis, nutritional digestion and absorption, and the energy balance when taken in certain dosages. Probiotics play many roles in maintaining intestinal microecological balance, improving the intestinal barrier function, and regulating the immune response. The presence and composition of intestinal microorganisms play a vital role in the onset and progression of FD and serve as a critical factor for both regulation and potential intervention regarding the management of this condition. Thus, there are potential advantages to alleviating FD by regulating the intestinal flora using probiotics, targeting intestinal microorganisms. This review summarizes the research progress of probiotics regarding improving FD by regulating intestinal flora and provides a reference basis for probiotics to improve FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Shen
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.S.); (Z.L.); (C.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Aijun Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
| | - Zijing Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.S.); (Z.L.); (C.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Chengxi Jiang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.S.); (Z.L.); (C.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.S.); (Z.L.); (C.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Mohan Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (X.S.); (Z.L.); (C.J.); (J.W.)
| | - Xiqing Yue
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Animal Product Processing, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Ang JL, Athalye-Jape G, Rao S, Bulsara M, Patole S. Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 as a probiotic in preterm infants: An updated systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2023; 47:963-981. [PMID: 37742098 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous strain-specific systematic review (SR) showed that Lactobacillus reuteri (LR) DSM 17938 reduces necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), late-onset sepsis (LOS), and time to full feeds (TFF) in preterm infants. Considering progress in the field over the past 6 years, we aimed to update our SR. METHODS SR of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs was conducted. MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, Cochrane CENTRAL, and gray literature were searched in June 2023. Primary outcomes were TFF, NEC stage ≥II, LOS, and all-cause mortality. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model. Certainty of evidence (CoE) was summarized using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was applied for outcome of NEC in RCTs. RESULTS Twelve RCTs (n = 2284) and four non-RCTs (n = 1616) were included. Six RCTs and three non-RCTs were new. Meta-analysis of RCTs showed LR significantly reduced TFF (mean difference, -2.70 [95% CI, -4.90 to -1.31] days; P = 0.0001), NEC stage ≥II (risk ratio [RR], 0.57 [95% CI, 0.37-0.87]; P = 0.009; eight RCTs), and LOS (RR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.54-0.97]; P = 0.03); but not mortality (RR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.54-1.06]; P = 0.10). TSA showed diversity-adjusted required information size (DARIS) as 3624 for NEC. Overall CoE was "very low." Meta-analysis of non-RCTs showed LR reduced NEC (odds ratio, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.15-0.77]; P = 0.01) but not LOS. LR had no adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Very low CoE suggests that LR DSM 17938 may reduce NEC and LOS and shorten TFF in preterm infants. Additional RCTs are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Li Ang
- Neonatal Directorate, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gayatri Athalye-Jape
- Neonatal Directorate, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shripada Rao
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Neonatal Directorate, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Max Bulsara
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patole
- Neonatal Directorate, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Asensio-Grau A, Calvo-Lerma J, Ferriz-Jordán M, García-Hernández J, Heredia A, Andrés A. Effect of Lactobacillaceae Probiotics on Colonic Microbiota and Metabolite Production in Cystic Fibrosis: A Comparative In Vitro Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3846. [PMID: 37686878 PMCID: PMC10490339 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis-related gut dysbiosis (CFRGD) has become a recognised complication in children with this condition, and current evidence remains insufficient to guide the selection of probiotic strains for supplementation treatments. The aim of this study was to characterise the effect of three probiotic strains on CFRGD by means of a dynamic in vitro simulation of the colonic fermentation (SHIME®). The configuration of the system included three bioreactors colonised with the faecal inoculum of a child with cystic fibrosis. For 20 days, each bioreactor was supplied daily with either Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103 TM), Limosilactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938) or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (DSM 22266). The baseline microbiota was characterised by a high abundance of Prevotella, Faecalibacterium and Acidaminococcus genera. After 20 days of supplementation, L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum reduced Prevotella significantly, and the three strains led to increased Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium and decreased Acidaminococcus, with some of these changes being maintained 10 days after ceasing supplementation. The metabolic activity remained unaltered in terms of short-chain fatty acids, but branched-chain fatty acids showed a significant decrease, especially with L. plantarum. Additionally, ammonia decreased at 20 days of supplementation, and lactate continuously increased with the three strains. The effects on colonic microbiota of L. rhamnosus, L. reuteri or L. plantarum were established, including increased beneficial bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, and beneficial metabolites such as lactate; and on the other hand, a reduction in pathogenic genera, including Prevotella or Acidaminococcus and branched-chain fatty acids, overall supported their use as probiotics in the context of CFRGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Asensio-Grau
- Institute of Food Engineering (IIA-FoodUPV), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (M.F.-J.); (A.A.)
- Joint Research Unit NutriCura, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 València, Spain
| | - Joaquim Calvo-Lerma
- Institute of Food Engineering (IIA-FoodUPV), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (M.F.-J.); (A.A.)
- Joint Research Unit NutriCura, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 València, Spain
| | - Miguel Ferriz-Jordán
- Institute of Food Engineering (IIA-FoodUPV), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (M.F.-J.); (A.A.)
| | - Jorge García-Hernández
- Advanced Food Microbiology Centre (CAMA), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Ana Heredia
- Institute of Food Engineering (IIA-FoodUPV), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (M.F.-J.); (A.A.)
- Joint Research Unit NutriCura, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 València, Spain
| | - Ana Andrés
- Institute of Food Engineering (IIA-FoodUPV), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (M.F.-J.); (A.A.)
- Joint Research Unit NutriCura, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 València, Spain
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10
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Peng Y, Ma Y, Luo Z, Jiang Y, Xu Z, Yu R. Lactobacillus reuteri in digestive system diseases: focus on clinical trials and mechanisms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1254198. [PMID: 37662007 PMCID: PMC10471993 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1254198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Digestive system diseases have evolved into a growing global burden without sufficient therapeutic measures. Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is considered as a new potential economical therapy for its probiotic effects in the gastrointestinal system. We have provided an overview of the researches supporting various L. reuteri strains' application in treating common digestive system diseases, including infantile colic, diarrhea, constipation, functional abdominal pain, Helicobacter pylori infection, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, colorectal cancer and liver diseases. Methods The summarized literature in this review was derived from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results The therapeutic effects of L. reuteri in digestive system diseases may depend on various direct and indirect mechanisms, including metabolite production as well as modulation of the intestinal microbiome, preservation of the gut barrier function, and regulation of the host immune system. These actions are largely strain-specific and depend on the activation or inhibition of various certain signal pathways. It is well evidenced that L. reuteri can be effective both as a prophylactic measure and as a preferred therapy for infantile colic, and it can also be recommended as an adjuvant strategy to diarrhea, constipation, Helicobacter pylori infection in therapeutic settings. While preclinical studies have shown the probiotic potential of L. reuteri in the management of functional abdominal pain, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, colorectal cancer and liver diseases, its application in these disease settings still needs further study. Conclusion This review focuses on the probiotic effects of L. reuteri on gut homeostasis via certain signaling pathways, and emphasizes the importance of these probiotics as a prospective treatment against several digestive system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Peng
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yizhe Ma
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Department of Pediatric, Jiangyin People’s Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zichen Luo
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
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11
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Luo Z, Chen A, Xie A, Liu X, Jiang S, Yu R. Limosilactobacillus reuteri in immunomodulation: molecular mechanisms and potential applications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228754. [PMID: 37638038 PMCID: PMC10450031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent use of hormones and drugs may be associated with side-effects. Recent studies have shown that probiotics have effects on the prevention and treatment of immune-related diseases. Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) had regulatory effects on intestinal microbiota, host epithelial cells, immune cells, cytokines, antibodies (Ab), toll-like receptors (TLRs), tryptophan (Try) metabolism, antioxidant enzymes, and expression of related genes, and exhibits antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, leading to alleviation of disease symptoms. Although the specific composition of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of L. reuteri has not been clarified, its efficacy in animal models has drawn increased attention to its potential use. This review summarizes the effects of L. reuteri on intestinal flora and immune regulation, and discusses the feasibility of its application in atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple sclerosis (MS), and provides insights for the prevention and treatment of immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Luo
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Ailing Chen
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Anni Xie
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Shanyu Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
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12
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Liu Y, Armbrister SA, Okeugo B, Mills TW, Daniel RC, Oh JH, van Pijkeren JP, Park ES, Saleh ZM, Lahiri S, Roos S, Rhoads JM. Probiotic-Derived Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase Produces Anti-Inflammatory Adenosine Metabolites in Treg-Deficient Scurfy Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1001-1013. [PMID: 37178405 PMCID: PMC10926147 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (DSM 17938) prolongs the survival of Treg-deficient scurfy (SF) mice and reduces multiorgan inflammation by a process requiring adenosine receptor 2A (A2A) on T cells. We hypothesized that L. reuteri-derived ecto-5'-nucleotidase (ecto-5'NT) activity acts to generate adenosine, which may be a central mediator for L. reuteri protection in SF mice. We evaluated DSM 17938-5'NT activity and the associated adenosine and inosine levels in plasma, gut, and liver of SF mice. We examined orally fed DSM 17938, DSM 17938Δ5NT (with a deleted 5'NT gene), and DSM 32846 (BG-R46) (a naturally selected strain derived from DSM 17938). Results showed that DSM 17938 and BG-R46 produced adenosine while "exhausting" AMP, whereas DSM 17938∆5NT did not generate adenosine in culture. Plasma 5'NT activity was increased by DSM 17938 or BG-R46, but not by DSM 17938Δ5NT in SF mice. BG-R46 increased both adenosine and inosine levels in the cecum of SF mice. DSM 17938 increased adenosine levels, whereas BG-R46 increased inosine levels in the liver. DSM 17938Δ5NT did not significantly change the levels of adenosine or inosine in the GI tract or the liver of SF mice. Although regulatory CD73+CD8+ T cells were decreased in spleen and blood of SF mice, these regulatory T cells could be increased by orally feeding DSM 17938 or BG-R46, but not DSM 17938Δ5NT. In conclusion, probiotic-5'NT may be a central mediator of DSM 17938 protection against autoimmunity. Optimal 5'NT activity from various probiotic strains could be beneficial in treating Treg-associated immune disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Shabba A Armbrister
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Beanna Okeugo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tingting W Mills
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rhea C Daniel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jee-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Evelyn S Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zeina M Saleh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sharmistha Lahiri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - JMarc Rhoads
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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13
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Hao Y, Jiang L, Han D, Si D, Sun Z, Wu Z, Dai Z. Limosilactobacillus mucosae and Lactobacillus amylovorus Protect Against Experimental Colitis via Upregulation of Colonic 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 4 and Transforming Growth Factor-β2. J Nutr 2023; 153:2512-2522. [PMID: 37356501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limosilactobacillusmucosae (LM) exerts anti-inflammatory and health-promoting effects. However, its role in the modulation of gut serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) metabolism and 5-HT receptors (HTRs) in inflammation requires further investigation. OBJECTIVES We compared LM with Lactobacillus amylovorus (LA) for the regulation of 5-HT, HTRs, inflammatory mediators, and their correlations in the colon of mice with experimental colitis. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to 6 groups: control (Con), LM, LA, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and DSS with pre-administration of LM (+LM) or LA (+LA). After 7 d of DSS treatment, mice were killed to analyze the expression of inflammatory mediators, HTRs, and concentrations of 5-HT and microbial metabolites in the colon. RESULTS LM was more effective than LA in alleviating DSS-induced colonic inflammation. Compared with mice in the DSS group, mice receiving DSS + LM or DSS + LA treatment had lower (P < 0.05) colonic mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines. DSS + LM treatment had lower mRNA expression of Il1b, Tnfa, and Ccl3, an abundance of p-STAT3, and greater expression of Tgfb2 and Htr4 in the colon (P < 0.05). The expression of inflammatory mediators (including Tgfb-1) was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with 5-HT and Htr2a and negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with Htr4. However, the expression of Tgfb-2 showed reversed correlations with the 5-HT and HTRs described above. Patterns for these correlations were different for LM and LA. Mice receiving the DSS + LM treatment had greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of acetate and valerate and lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid in the cecal and colonic contents. CONCLUSIONS LM showed greater efficacy than LA in alleviating DSS-induced colonic inflammation. The coordinated regulation of transforming growth factor-β subtypes and serotonin receptors in the colon may be one of the most important mechanisms underlying the probiotic effects of lactobacilli in gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youling Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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14
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Huang C, Hao W, Wang X, Zhou R, Lin Q. Probiotics for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a review of experimental research from 2018 to 2022. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1211271. [PMID: 37485519 PMCID: PMC10358780 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1211271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a worldwide public health problem, and the prevalence of the disease among children has been increasing. The pathogenesis of UC has not been elucidated, but dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is considered the main cause of chronic intestinal inflammation. This review focuses on the therapeutic effects of probiotics on UC and the potential mechanisms involved. In animal studies, probiotics have been shown to alleviate symptoms of UC, including weight loss, diarrhea, blood in the stool, and a shortened colon length, while also restoring intestinal microecological homeostasis, improving gut barrier function, modulating the intestinal immune response, and attenuating intestinal inflammation, thereby providing theoretical support for the development of probiotic-based microbial products as an adjunctive therapy for UC. However, the efficacy of probiotics is influenced by factors such as the bacterial strain, dose, and form. Hence, the mechanisms of action need to be investigated further. Relevant clinical trials are currently lacking, so the extension of animal experimental findings to clinical application requires a longer period of consideration for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuilan Huang
- Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Children’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Wujuan Hao
- Department of Digestive, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Children’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Renmin Zhou
- Department of Digestive, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiong Lin
- Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Children’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
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15
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Li XY, Meng L, Shen L, Ji HF. Regulation of gut microbiota by vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112749. [PMID: 37254375 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and β-carotene (βC) are representative dietary antioxidants, which exist in daily diet and can increase the antioxidant capacity of body fluids, cells and tissues. The health benefits of vitamins like VC, VE and βC are widely demonstrated. Given that the strong associations between the gut microbiota and host health or a range of diseases has been extensively reported, it is important to explore the modulatory effects of known vitamins on the gut microbiota. Herein, this article reviews the effects of VC, VE and βC on the gut microbiota. Totally, 19 studies were included, of which eight were related to VC, nine to VE, and six to βC. Overall, VC, VE and βC can provide health benefits to the host by modulating the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota, improving intestinal barrier function and maintaining the normal function of the immune system. Two perspectives are proposed for future studies: i) roles of known antioxidant activity of vitamins in regulating the gut microbiota and its molecular mechanism need to be further studied; ii) causal relationships between the regulatory effects of vitamins on gut microbiota and host health still remains to be further verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Li
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Fang Ji
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China; School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Archer D, Perez-Muñoz ME, Tollenaar S, Veniamin S, Cheng CC, Richard C, Barreda DR, Field CJ, Walter J. The importance of the timing of microbial signals for perinatal immune system development. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:11. [PMID: 38047281 PMCID: PMC10688825 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Development and maturation of the immune system begin in utero and continue throughout the neonatal period. Both the maternal and neonatal gut microbiome influence immune development, but the relative importance of the prenatal and postnatal periods is unclear. Methods: In the present study, we characterized immune cell populations in mice in which the timing of microbiome colonization was strictly controlled using gnotobiotic methodology. Results: Compared to conventional (CONV) mice, germ-free (GF) mice conventionalized at birth (EC mice) showed few differences in immune cell populations in adulthood, explaining only 2.36% of the variation in immune phenotypes. In contrast, delaying conventionalization to the fourth week of life (DC mice) affected seven splenic immune cell populations in adulthood, including dendritic cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), explaining 29.01% of the variation in immune phenotypes. Early life treatment of DC mice with Limosilactobacillus reuteri restored splenic dendritic cells and Tregs to levels observed in EC mice, and there were strain-specific effects on splenic CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD11c+ F4/80+ mononuclear phagocytes. Conclusion: This work demonstrates that the early postnatal period, compared to the prenatal period, is relatively more important for microbial signals to influence immune development in mice. Our findings further show that targeted microbial treatments in early life can redress adverse effects on immune development caused by the delayed acquisition of the neonatal gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Archer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tollenaar
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Simona Veniamin
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Christopher C. Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- Center of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Daniel R. Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Catherine J. Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology and Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
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17
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Liu Y, Armbrister SA, Okeugo B, Mills TW, Daniel RC, Oh JH, Pijkeren JP, Park ES, Saleh ZM, Lahiri S, Roos S, Rhoads JM. Probiotic-derived ecto-5'-nucleotidase produces anti-inflammatory adenosine metabolites in Treg-deficient scurfy mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2781715. [PMID: 37066419 PMCID: PMC10104250 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2781715/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (DSM 17938) prolonges the survival of Treg-deficient scurfy (SF) mice and reduces multiorgan inflammation by a process requiring adenosine receptor 2A (A 2A ) on T cells. We hypothesized that L. reuteri -derived ecto-5'-nucleotidase (ecto-5'NT) activity acts to generate adenosine, which may be a central mediator for L. reuteri protection in SF mice. We evaluated DSM 17938-5'NT activity and the associated adenosine and inosine levels in plasma, gut and liver of SF mice. We examined orally fed DSM 17938, DSM 17938Δ5NT (with a deleted 5'NT gene), and DSM 32846 (BG-R46) (a naturally selected strain derived from DSM 17938). Results showed that DSM 17938 and BG-R46 produced adenosine while "exhausting" AMP, whereas DSM 17938∆5NT did not generate adenosine in culture. Plasma 5'NT activity was increased by DSM 17938 or BG-R46, but not by DSM 17938Δ5NT in SF mice. BG-R46 increased both adenosine and inosine levels in the cecum of SF mice. DSM 17938 increased adenosine levels, whereas BG-R46 increased inosine levels in the liver. DSM 17938Δ5NT did not significantly change the levels of adenosine or inosine in the GI tract or the liver of SF mice. Although regulatory CD73 + CD8 + T cells were decreased in spleen and blood of SF mice, these regulatory T cells could be increased by orally feeding DSM 17938 or BG-R46, but not DSM 17938Δ5NT. In conclusion, probiotic-5'NT may be a central mediator of DSM 17938 protection against autoimmunity. Optimal 5'NT activity from various probiotic strains could be beneficial in treating Treg-associated immune disorders in humans.
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18
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Zhao D, Zhang R, Wang J, Zhang X, Liu K, Zhang H, Liu H. Effect of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ZJF036 on Growth Performance and Gut Microbiota in Juvenile Beagle Dogs. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:155. [PMID: 36995478 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
This experiment investigated the effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ZJF036 on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and gut microbiota in beagle dogs. Sixteen 75 ± 5-day-old healthy male beagles (4.51 ± 1.37 kg) were randomly divided into two groups; the experimental group (L1) and the control group (L0), and then fed with or without a basal diet containing L. reuteri ZJF036 (109 CFU/g), respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in daily weight gain between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, we found that L. reuteri ZJF036 decreased Chao1 index and ACE index and increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Fusobacteria (P < 0.05) compared to the L0 group. In addition, we also found that the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was decreased in L1 group. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased, while that of Turicibacter and Blautia decreased in L1 group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, L. reuteri ZJF036 appeared to regulate the intestinal microbiota of beagle dogs. This study revealed the potential use of L. reuteri ZJBF036 as a probiotic supplement for beagle dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruchun Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanlu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Liu Y, Hoang TK, Park ES, Freeborn J, Okeugo B, Tran DQ, Rhoads JM. Probiotic-educated Tregs are more potent than naïve Tregs for immune tolerance in stressed new-born mice. Benef Microbes 2023; 14:73-84. [PMID: 36815493 PMCID: PMC10124588 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
When new-born mice are subjected to acute maternal separation stress, cow-milk based formula feeding, and brief recurrent hypoxia with cold stress, they develop gut inflammation similar to the phenotype of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, characterised by an increase in gut mucosal effector T (Teffs) and reduced Foxp3+ regulatory T (Tregs) cells. The imbalance can be prevented by probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR 17938). We hypothesised that LR 17938 could potentiate a tolerogenic function of Tregs. To analyse whether LR 17938 can educate Tregs to improve their tolerogenic potency during neonatal stress, we isolated T cells (Tregs and Teffs) from 'donor' mice fed with either LR 17938 (107 cfu) or control media. The cells were adoptively transferred (AT) by intraperitoneal injection (5 × 105 cells/mouse) to new-born (d5) recipient mice. Mice were then separated from their dams, fed formula by gavage, and exposed to hypoxia and cold stress (NeoStress) for 4 days. We analysed the percentage of Tregs in CD4+T helper cells in the intestine (INT) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of recipient mice. We found that: (1) the percentage of Tregs in the INT and MLN following NeoStress were significantly reduced compared to dam-fed unstressed mice; (2) AT of either naïve Tregs or LR-educated Tregs to mice with Neostress increased the percentage of Tregs in the INT and MLN compared to the percentage in NeoStress mice without Treg treatment; however, LR-educated Tregs increased the Tregs significantly more than naïve Tregs; and (3) AT of LR-educated Tregs reduced pro-inflammatory CD44+Foxp3-NonTregs and inflammatory CX3CR1+ dendritic cells in the intestinal mucosa of NeoStress mice. In conclusion, adoptive transfer of Tregs promotes the generation of and/or migration of endogenous Tregs in the intestinal mucosa of recipient mice. Importantly, probiotic-educated Tregs are more potent than naïve Tregs to enhance immune tolerance following neonatal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.137, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - T K Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.137, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E S Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.137, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J Freeborn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.137, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - B Okeugo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.137, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - D Q Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.137, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J M Rhoads
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.137, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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Li M, Liu B, Li R, Yang P, Leng P, Huang Y. Exploration of the link between gut microbiota and purinergic signalling. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:315-327. [PMID: 36121551 PMCID: PMC9984663 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence reveals that microorganisms in the gut are linked to metabolic health and disease risk in human beings to a considerable extent. The focus of research at this stage must tend to focus on cause-and-effect studies. In addition to being a component of DNA and RNA, purine metabolites can be involved in purine signalling in the body as chemical messengers. Abnormalities in purinergic signalling may lead to neuropathy, rheumatic immune diseases, inflammation, tumors, and a wide range of other diseases. It has proved that gut microbes are involved in purinergic signalling. The relationship between these gut-derived purinergic signalling molecules and host metabolism may be one of the important clues to our understanding of the mechanisms by which the microbiota affects host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingJian Li
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - BoWen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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21
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Yu Z, Chen J, Liu Y, Meng Q, Liu H, Yao Q, Song W, Ren X, Chen X. The role of potential probiotic strains Lactobacillus reuteri in various intestinal diseases: New roles for an old player. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1095555. [PMID: 36819028 PMCID: PMC9932687 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1095555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), a type of Lactobacillus spp., is a gut symbiont that can colonize many mammals. Since it was first isolated in 1962, a multitude of research has been conducted to investigate its function and unique role in different diseases as an essential probiotic. Among these, the basic functions, beneficial effects, and underlying mechanisms of L. reuteri have been noticed and understood profoundly in intestinal diseases. The origins of L. reuteri strains are diverse, with humans, rats, and piglets being the most common. With numerous L. reuteri strains playing significant roles in different intestinal diseases, DSM 17938 is the most widely used in humans, especially in children. The mechanisms by which L. reuteri improves intestinal disorders include protecting the gut barrier, suppressing inflammation and the immune response, regulating the gut microbiota and its metabolism, and inhibiting oxidative stress. While a growing body of studies focused on L. reuteri, there are still many unknowns concerning its curative effects, clinical safety, and precise mechanisms. In this review, we initially interpreted the basic functions of L. reuteri and its related metabolites. Then, we comprehensively summarized its functions in different intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, infection-associated bowel diseases, and pediatric intestinal disorders. We also highlighted some important molecules in relation to the underlying mechanisms. In conclusion, L. reuteri has the potential to exert a beneficial impact on intestinal diseases, which should be further explored to obtain better clinical application and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxuan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangfeng Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Xin Chen ✉
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22
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Mazziotta C, Tognon M, Martini F, Torreggiani E, Rotondo JC. Probiotics Mechanism of Action on Immune Cells and Beneficial Effects on Human Health. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010184. [PMID: 36611977 PMCID: PMC9818925 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells and commensal microbes in the human intestine constantly communicate with and react to each other in a stable environment in order to maintain healthy immune activities. Immune system-microbiota cross-talk relies on a complex network of pathways that sustain the balance between immune tolerance and immunogenicity. Probiotic bacteria can interact and stimulate intestinal immune cells and commensal microflora to modulate specific immune functions and immune homeostasis. Growing evidence shows that probiotic bacteria present important health-promoting and immunomodulatory properties. Thus, the use of probiotics might represent a promising approach for improving immune system activities. So far, few studies have been reported on the beneficial immune modulatory effect of probiotics. However, many others, which are mainly focused on their metabolic/nutritional properties, have been published. Therefore, the mechanisms behind the interaction between host immune cells and probiotics have only been partially described. The present review aims to collect and summarize the most recent scientific results and the resulting implications of how probiotic bacteria and immune cells interact to improve immune functions. Hence, a description of the currently known immunomodulatory mechanisms of probiotic bacteria in improving the host immune system is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mazziotta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Torreggiani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (J.C.R.); Tel.: +39-053-2455-557 (E.T.); +39-053-245-5536 (J.C.R.)
| | - John Charles Rotondo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (J.C.R.); Tel.: +39-053-2455-557 (E.T.); +39-053-245-5536 (J.C.R.)
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23
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Qin W, Xie Y, Ren Z, Xu C, Sun MA, Yin Z, Bao W. Integrative ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analyses of IPEC-J2 cells reveals porcine transcription and chromatin accessibility changes associated with Escherichia coli F18ac inhibited by Lactobacillus reuteri. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1101111. [PMID: 36876070 PMCID: PMC9978113 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the main cause of postweaning diarrhea in pigs, leading to economic loss. As a probiotic, Lactobacillus reuteri has been used to inhibit E. coli in clinical applications; however, its integrative interactions with hosts remain unclear, especially in pigs. Here, we found that L. reuteri effectively inhibited E. coli F18ac adhering to porcine IPEC-J2 cells, and explored the genome-wide transcription and chromatin accessibility landscapes of IPEC-J2 cells by RNA-seq and ATAC-seq. The results showed that some key signal transduction pathways, such as PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways, were enriched in the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between E. coli F18ac treatment with and without L. reuteri groups. However, we found less overlap between RNA-seq and ATAC-seq datasets; we speculated that this might be caused by histones modification through ChIP-qPCR detection. Furthermore, we identified the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton pathway and a number of candidate genes (ARHGEF12, EGFR, and DIAPH3) that might be associated with the inhibition of E. coli F18ac adherence to IPEC-J2 cells by L. reuteri. In conclusion, we provide a valuable dataset that can be used to seek potential porcine molecular markers of E. coli F18ac pathogenesis and L. reuteri antibacterial activity, and to guide the antibacterial application of L. reuteri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiao Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhanshi Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ming-An Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenbin Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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24
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Alemi F, Zokaei M, Moein S, Qujeq D, Yousefi B, Farzami P, Hosseininasab SS. Polyphenols and inflammatory bowel disease: Natural products with therapeutic effects? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4155-4178. [PMID: 36345891 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2139222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a long-life disease with periods of recurrence and relief. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Recent years' studies in the field of IBD treatment mostly have focused on targeting cytokines and immune cell trafficking using antibodies and inhibitors, altering the composition of intestinal bacteria in the line of attenuation of inflammation using probiotics and prebiotics, and attenuating oxidative stress through antioxidant supplementation. Studies in animal models of IBD have shown that some polyphenolic compounds including curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, naringenin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate can affect almost all of the above aspects and are useful compounds in the treatment of IBD. Clinical studies performed on IBD patients have also confirmed the findings of animal model studies and have shown that supplementation with some of the above-mentioned polyphenolic compounds has positive effects in reducing disease clinical and endoscopic activity, inducing and maintaining remission, and improving quality of life. In this review article, in addition to a detailed reviewing the effects of the above-mentioned polyphenolic compounds on the events involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, the results of these clinical studies will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zokaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Payam Farzami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Ren Z, Zhao A, Zhang J, Yang C, Zhong W, Mao S, Wang S, Yuan Q, Wang P, Zhang Y. Safety and tolerance of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei N1115 in caesarean-born young children: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:205-220. [PMID: 35300564 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The administration of probiotics may help to improve dysbiosis and related health problems in children delivered by caesarean section. However, the effects are strain specific, and safety combined tolerance are considered a priority. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerance of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei N1115 in caesarean-born children aged 6-24 months via a randomised, placebo-controlled intervention study. In total, 101 children were included and randomised to receive either a sachet of L. paracasei N1115 (2×1010 cfu/g, 2 g/day) or placebo (maltodextrin, 2 g/day) per day for 12 weeks. Anthropometric parameters were measured by trained nurses, and defecation characteristics, gastrointestinal symptoms, (serious) adverse events ((s)AEs), crying patterns and lifestyle behaviours were recorded by parents or guardians. Neurocognitive development was assessed by the Ages and Stages Questionnaires-3 (ASQ-3) before and after the intervention. The only difference between groups regarding defecation characteristics was a significant treatment × time effect on stool frequency (P=0.007), as the number of defecations was significantly higher in the probiotic group (around 1.2-1.3 times/day) than in the placebo group (around 1.0 times/day) in the later intervention period (P=0.035 at week 9; P=0.048 at week 10; P=0.026 at week 12). The use of L. paracasei N1115 also reduced the incidence rate of constipation (Incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.120; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.015, 0.967; P=0.046) and abdominal pain (IRR: 0.562; 95% CI: 0.358, 0.882; P=0.012). Changes in anthropometric parameters, including weight, height and head circumference, did not differ significantly between groups, nor did measures of crying, sleep, outdoor activity, temper, appetite or the ASQ-3 scores. No adverse events associated with consumption of the probiotic were reported. Thus, the administration of L. paracasei N1115 is safe and well-tolerated in caesarean-born children aged 6-24 months. Furthermore, it may ameliorate gastrointestinal function to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China P.R
| | - A Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100091, China P.R
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China P.R
| | - C Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China P.R
| | - W Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China P.R
| | - S Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China P.R
| | - S Wang
- Shijiazhuang Junlebao Dairy Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050221, China P.R
- Peking University Medical Science-Junlebao Dairy Joint Laboratory of Breast Milk Science and Life Health, Beijing 100191, China P.R
| | - Q Yuan
- Shijiazhuang Junlebao Dairy Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050221, China P.R
- Peking University Medical Science-Junlebao Dairy Joint Laboratory of Breast Milk Science and Life Health, Beijing 100191, China P.R
| | - P Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China P.R
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China P.R
- Peking University Medical Science-Junlebao Dairy Joint Laboratory of Breast Milk Science and Life Health, Beijing 100191, China P.R
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26
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Jiedu-Yizhi Formula Alleviates Neuroinflammation in AD Rats by Modulating the Gut Microbiota. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4023006. [PMID: 35958910 PMCID: PMC9357688 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4023006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The Jiedu-Yizhi formula (JDYZF) is a Chinese herbal prescription used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). It was previously confirmed that JDYZF can inhibit the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins in the hippocampus of AD rats and inhibit gut inflammation in AD rats. Therefore, it is hypothesized that JDYZF has a regulatory effect on the gut microbiota. Methods In this study, an AD rat model was prepared by bilateral hippocampal injection of Aβ25-35 and AD rats received high, medium, and low doses of JDYZF orally for 8 weeks. The body weights of the AD rats were observed to assess the effect of JDYZF. The 16S rRNA sequencing technique was used to study the regulation of the gut microbiota by JDYZF in AD rats. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression levels of Caspase-1 and Caspase-11 in the hippocampus. Results JDYZF reduced body weight in AD rats, and this effect may be related to JDYZF regulating body-weight-related gut microbes. The 16S rRNA analysis showed that JDYZF increased the diversity of the gut microbiota in AD rats. At the phylum level, JDYZF increased the abundances of Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota and decreased the abundances of Firmicutes, Campilobacterota, and Desulfobacterota. At the genus level, the abundances of Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Bacteroides, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Blautia were increased and the abundances of Lachnospiraceae-NK4A136-group, Anaerobiospirillum, Turicibacter, Oscillibacter, Desulfovibrio, Helicobacter, and Intestinimonas were decreased. At the species level, the abundances of Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus faecis were increased and the abundances of Helicobacter rodentium and Ruminococcus_sp_N15.MGS-57 were decreased. Immunohistochemistry showed that JDYZF reduced the levels of Caspase-1- and Caspase-11-positive staining. Conclusion JDYZF has a regulatory effect on the gut microbiota of AD rats, which may represent the basis for the anti-inflammatory effect of JDYZF.
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27
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Wu S, Liu M, Chen H, Song Q, Wu Z, Dai Z. Tryptophan regulates bile and nitrogen metabolism in two pig gut lactobacilli species in vitro based on metabolomics study. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1421-1435. [PMID: 35838843 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated that tryptophan (Trp) regulated the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota. However, the detailed mode of action of Trp on the metabolism of intestinal commensal lactobacilli has not been well characterized. This study aimed to compare the effects of Trp concentration (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mmol/L) in the media on the metabolism of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Limosilactobacillus mucosae isolated from the small intestine of piglets in vitro by high-performance liquid chromatography and metabolomics study. Results showed that increased Trp concentration increased (P < 0.05) net utilization of lysine, methionine, tryptophan, asparagine/aspartate, glutamine/glutamate, however, increased net production of glycine and taurine in Lac. amylovorus. In contrast, increased Trp concentration decreased (P < 0.05) net utilization of leucine, phenylalanine, and serine and increased (P < 0.05) net utilization of arginine and net production of ornithine and glycine in Lim. mucosae. Targeted metabolomics analysis showed that increased Trp concentration promoted (P < 0.05) the production of indole-3-lactic acid and 3-indoleacetic acid in the two lactobacilli strains. Increased concentration of Trp increased (P < 0.01) glycochenodeoxycholic acid metabolism in Lim. mucosae and glycocholic acid and taurocholic acid metabolism in Lac. amylovorus. Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that metabolic pathways related to phenylalanine and tryptophan metabolism, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism were regulated by Trp in Lim. mucosae. These findings will help develop new biomarkers and dietary strategies to maintain the functionality of the gut microbiota aiming at improving the nutrition and health of both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Moyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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28
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Gao J, Cao S, Xiao H, Hu S, Yao K, Huang K, Jiang Z, Wang L. Lactobacillus reuteri 1 Enhances Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function and Alleviates the Inflammatory Response Induced by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 via Suppressing the MLCK Signaling Pathway in IPEC-J2 Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:897395. [PMID: 35911699 PMCID: PMC9331657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.897395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial barrier injury disrupts immune homeostasis and leads to many intestinal disorders. Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) strains can influence immune system development and intestinal function. However, the underlying mechanisms of L. reuteri LR1 that regulate inflammatory response and intestinal integrity are still unknown. The present study aimed to determine the effects of LR1 on the ETEC K88-induced intestinal epithelial injury on the inflammatory response, intestinal epithelial barrier function, and the MLCK signal pathway and its underlying mechanism. Here, we showed that the 1 × 109 cfu/ml LR1 treatment for 4 h dramatically decreased interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-6 expression. Then, the data indicated that the 1 × 108 cfu/ml ETEC K88 treatment for 4 h dramatically enhanced IL-8, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope (SEM) data indicated that pretreatment with LR1 inhibited the ETEC K88 that adhered on IPEC-J2 and alleviated the scratch injury of IPEC J2 cells. Moreover, LR1 pretreatment significantly reversed the declined transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and tight junction protein level, and enhanced the induction by ETEC K88 treatment. Additionally, LR1 pretreatment dramatically declined IL-8, IL-17A, IL-6, and TNF-α levels compared with the ETEC K88 group. Then, ETEC K88-treated IPEC-J2 cells had a higher level of myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK), higher MLC levels, and a lower Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) level than the control group, while LR1 pretreatment significantly declined the MLCK and MLC expression and enhanced ROCK level in the ETEC K88-challenged IPEC-J2 cells. Mechanistically, depletion of MLCK significantly declined MLC expression in IPEC-J2 challenged with ETEC K88 compared to the si NC+ETEC K88 group. On the other hand, the TER of the si MLCK+ETEC K88 group was higher and the FD4 flux in the si MLCK+ETEC K88 group was lower compared with the si NC+ETEC K88 group. In addition, depletion of MLCK significantly enhanced Claudin-1 level and declined IL-8 and TNF-α levels in IPEC-J2 pretreated with LR1 followed by challenging with ETEC K88. In conclusion, our work indicated that L. reuteri LR1 can decline inflammatory response and improve intestinal epithelial barrier function through suppressing the MLCK signal pathway in the ETEC K88-challenged IPEC-J2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenglan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang,
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Bench to bedside - new insights into the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:468-479. [PMID: 35347256 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of death and disability from gastrointestinal disease in premature infants. Recent discoveries have shed light on a unifying theorem to explain the pathogenesis of NEC, suggesting that specific treatments might finally be forthcoming. A variety of experiments have highlighted how the interaction between bacterial signalling receptors on the premature intestine and an abnormal gut microbiota incites a pro-inflammatory response in the intestinal mucosa and its underlying endothelium that leads to NEC. Central amongst the bacterial signalling receptors implicated in NEC development is the lipopolysaccharide receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which is expressed at higher levels in the premature gut than in the full-term gut. The high prenatal intestinal expression of TLR4 reflects the role of TLR4 in the regulation of normal gut development, and supports additional studies indicating that NEC develops in response to signalling events that occur in utero. This Review provides new evidence explaining the pathogenesis of NEC, explores new findings indicating that NEC development has origins before birth, and discusses future questions and opportunities for discovery in this field.
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Yang B, Liu C, Huang Y, Wu Q, Xiong Y, Yang X, Hu S, Jiang Z, Wang L, Yi H. The Responses of Lactobacillus reuteri LR1 or Antibiotic on Intestinal Barrier Function and Microbiota in the Cecum of Pigs. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:877297. [PMID: 35722272 PMCID: PMC9201390 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.877297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate responses of the Lactobacillus reuteri or an antibiotic on cecal microbiota and intestinal barrier function in different stages of pigs. A total of 144 weaned pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 21 days of age) were randomly assigned to the control group (CON, fed with a basal diet), the antibiotic group (AO, fed with basal diet plus 100 mg/kg olaquindox and 75 mg/kg aureomycin), and the L. reuteri group (LR, fed with the basal diet + 5 × 1010 CFU/kg L. reuteri LR1) throughout the 164-d experiment. A total of 45 cecal content samples (5 samples per group) from different periods (14th, 42th, and 164th days) were collected for 16S rRNA gene amplification. The results revealed that although LR and AO did not change the diversity of cecal microbiota in pigs, the abundance of some bacteria at the genus level was changed with age. The proportion of Lactobacillus was increased by LR in early life, whereas it was decreased by AO compared with the control group. The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae was increased along with age. In addition, the gas chromatography results showed that age, not AO or LR, has significant effects on the concentrations of SCFAs in the cecum of pigs (P < 0.05). However, the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) and occludin were increased by AO in the cecum of pigs on day 14, while LR increased the mRNA expression of intestinal barrier-related proteins ZO-1, occludin, mucin-1, mucin-2, PG1-5, and pBD2 in the cecum of pigs on days 14 and 164 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, LR and AO have different effects on the intestinal barrier function of the cecum, and neither LR nor AO damaged the intestinal barrier function of pig cecum. In addition, LR and AO have little effects on cecal microflora in different stages of the pigs. The microflora and their metabolite SCFAs were significantly changed along with age. These findings provide important information to understand the homeostasis of the cecum of pigs after antibiotic or probiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanna Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenglan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Liu Y, Tian X, Daniel RC, Okeugo B, Armbrister SA, Luo M, Taylor CM, Wu G, Rhoads JM. Impact of probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 on amino acid metabolism in the healthy newborn mouse. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1383-1401. [PMID: 35536363 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of feeding a single probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR 17938) on the luminal and plasma levels of amino acids and their derivatives in the suckling newborn mouse, using gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. We found that LR 17938 increased the relative abundance of many amino acids and their derivatives in stool, while it simultaneously significantly reduced the plasma levels of three amino acids (serine, citrulline, and taurine). Many peptides and dipeptides were increased in stool and plasma, notably gamma-glutamyl derivatives of amino acids, following ingestion of the LR 17938. Gamma-glutamyl transformation of amino acids facilitates their absorption. LR 17938 significantly upregulated N-acetylated amino acids, the levels of which could be useful biomarkers in plasma and warrant further investigation. Specific fecal microbiota were associated with higher levels of fecal amino acids and their derivatives. Changes in luminal and circulating levels of amino acid derivatives, polyamines, and tryptophan metabolites may be mechanistically related to probiotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.140A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rhea C Daniel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.140A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Beanna Okeugo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.140A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shabba A Armbrister
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.140A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, MSB 3.140A, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Jia L, Wu G, Alonso S, Zhao C, Lemenze A, Lam YY, Zhao L, Edelblum KL. A transmissible γδ intraepithelial lymphocyte hyperproliferative phenotype is associated with the intestinal microbiota and confers protection against acute infection. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:772-782. [PMID: 35589986 PMCID: PMC9262869 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intraepithelial lymphocytes expressing the γδ T cell receptor (γδ IELs) serve as a first line of defense against luminal microbes. Although the presence of an intact microbiota is dispensable for γδ IEL development, several microbial factors contribute to the maintenance of this sentinel population. However, whether specific commensals influence population of the γδ IEL compartment under homeostatic conditions has yet to be determined. We identified a novel γδ IEL hyperproliferative phenotype that arises early in life and is characterized by expansion of multiple Vγ subsets. Horizontal transfer of this hyperproliferative phenotype to mice harboring a phenotypically normal γδ IEL compartment was prevented following antibiotic treatment, thus demonstrating that the microbiota is both necessary and sufficient for the observed increase in γδ IELs. Further, we identified two guilds of small intestinal or fecal bacteria represented by 12 amplicon sequence variants (ASV) that are strongly associated with γδ IEL expansion. Using intravital microscopy, we find that hyperproliferative γδ IELs also exhibit increased migratory behavior leading to enhanced protection against bacterial infection. These findings reveal that transfer of a specific group of commensals can regulate γδ IEL homeostasis and immune surveillance, which may provide a novel means to reinforce the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Jia
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Guojun Wu
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition & Health, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Sara Alonso
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Cuiping Zhao
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition & Health, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Alexander Lemenze
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Yan Y. Lam
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition & Health, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ,Gut Microbiota and Metabolism Group, Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Liping Zhao
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition & Health, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Karen L. Edelblum
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ,Correspondence: Karen Edelblum, 205 South Orange Ave, Cancer Center G1228, Newark, NJ 07103, tel: 973-972-3071,
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Lee AM, Hu J, Xu Y, Abraham AG, Xiao R, Coresh J, Rebholz C, Chen J, Rhee EP, Feldman HI, Ramachandran VS, Kimmel PL, Warady BA, Furth SL, Denburg MR. Using Machine Learning to Identify Metabolomic Signatures of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Etiology. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:375-386. [PMID: 35017168 PMCID: PMC8819986 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untargeted plasma metabolomic profiling combined with machine learning (ML) may lead to discovery of metabolic profiles that inform our understanding of pediatric CKD causes. We sought to identify metabolomic signatures in pediatric CKD based on diagnosis: FSGS, obstructive uropathy (OU), aplasia/dysplasia/hypoplasia (A/D/H), and reflux nephropathy (RN). METHODS Untargeted metabolomic quantification (GC-MS/LC-MS, Metabolon) was performed on plasma from 702 Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study participants (n: FSGS=63, OU=122, A/D/H=109, and RN=86). Lasso regression was used for feature selection, adjusting for clinical covariates. Four methods were then applied to stratify significance: logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting. ML training was performed on 80% total cohort subsets and validated on 20% holdout subsets. Important features were selected based on being significant in at least two of the four modeling approaches. We additionally performed pathway enrichment analysis to identify metabolic subpathways associated with CKD cause. RESULTS ML models were evaluated on holdout subsets with receiver-operator and precision-recall area-under-the-curve, F1 score, and Matthews correlation coefficient. ML models outperformed no-skill prediction. Metabolomic profiles were identified based on cause. FSGS was associated with the sphingomyelin-ceramide axis. FSGS was also associated with individual plasmalogen metabolites and the subpathway. OU was associated with gut microbiome-derived histidine metabolites. CONCLUSION ML models identified metabolomic signatures based on CKD cause. Using ML techniques in conjunction with traditional biostatistics, we demonstrated that sphingomyelin-ceramide and plasmalogen dysmetabolism are associated with FSGS and that gut microbiome-derived histidine metabolites are associated with OU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M. Lee
- Division of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian Hu
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yunwen Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Alison G. Abraham
- School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Rui Xiao
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Casey Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Jingsha Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Eugene P. Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Harold I. Feldman
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vasan S. Ramachandran
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University Center for Computing and Data Science, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul L. Kimmel
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bradley A. Warady
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Susan L. Furth
- Division of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle R. Denburg
- Division of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Shi S, Dong J, Cheng X, Hu J, Liu Y, He G, Zhang J, Yu H, Liu J, Zhou D. Biological characteristics and whole-genome analysis of the potential probiotic, Lactobacillus reuteri S5. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 74:593-603. [PMID: 35014712 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are microorganisms used for probiotic purposes and form major parts of human and mammalian intestinal microbiota, exerting important health-promoting effects on the host. Here, we evaluated L. reuteri strain S5 isolated from the intestines of healthy white feather broilers. L. reuteri S5 grew best after 20 h of incubation in MRS medium. Lactic acid production was 1.42 mmol L-1 at 24 h, which was well tolerated. Activities of T-AOC, GSH-Px and T-SOD in the cell-free fermentation supernatant of L. reuteri S5 were higher than those in the bacteria, and the strain showed good hydrophobicity in vitro. The dominant carbon and nitrogen sources of L. reuteri S5 were glucose and soybean meal. A high-quality complete genome map of L. reuteri S5 was obtained using a Pacbio nanopore third-generation sequencing platform. The results showed that L. reuteri S5 possesses a complete primary metabolic pathway, encoding the main functional enzymes of the glycolysis pathway and pentose phosphate pathway. The genome contains genes encoding antioxidants and conferring tolerance to inorganic salt ions, acids and bile salts. This study shows that L. reuteri S5 is a probiotic strain with excellent probiotic characteristics and has great potential for the development of feed additives to promote animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqin Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Anhui Key Laboratory of biodiversity research and ecological protection in Southwest Anhui, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246133, P. R. China
| | - Jinsheng Dong
- School of Life Sciences and Anhui Key Laboratory of biodiversity research and ecological protection in Southwest Anhui, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246133, P. R. China
| | - Xu Cheng
- School of Life Sciences and Anhui Key Laboratory of biodiversity research and ecological protection in Southwest Anhui, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246133, P. R. China
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Anhui Key Laboratory of biodiversity research and ecological protection in Southwest Anhui, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246133, P. R. China
| | - Yannan Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Anhui Key Laboratory of biodiversity research and ecological protection in Southwest Anhui, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246133, P. R. China
| | - Guanyu He
- School of Life Sciences and Anhui Key Laboratory of biodiversity research and ecological protection in Southwest Anhui, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246133, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Anhui Key Laboratory of biodiversity research and ecological protection in Southwest Anhui, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246133, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Anhui Key Laboratory of biodiversity research and ecological protection in Southwest Anhui, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246133, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Anhui Key Laboratory of biodiversity research and ecological protection in Southwest Anhui, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246133, P. R. China
| | - Duoqi Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Anhui Key Laboratory of biodiversity research and ecological protection in Southwest Anhui, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246133, P. R. China
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Probiotics in the treatment of infantile colic: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:1135-1143. [DOI: 10.20960/nh.04011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Treg-associated monogenic autoimmune disorders and gut microbial dysbiosis. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:35-43. [PMID: 33731809 PMCID: PMC8446091 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) caused by a single-gene defect generally are referred to as monogenic autoimmune disorders. For example, mutations in the transcription factor autoimmune regulator (AIRE) result in a condition called autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy; while mutations in forkhead box P3 lead to regulatory T cell (Treg)-deficiency-induced multiorgan inflammation, which in humans is called "immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy with X-linked inheritance" (or IPEX syndrome). Previous studies concluded that monogenic diseases are insensitive to commensal microbial regulation because they develop even in germ-free (GF) animals, a conclusion that has limited the number of studies determining the role of microbiota in monogenic PIDs. However, emerging evidence shows that although the onset of the disease is independent of the microbiota, several monogenic PIDs vary in severity in association with the microbiome. In this review, we focus on monogenic PIDs associated with Treg deficiency/dysfunction, summarizing the gut microbial dysbiosis that has been shown to be linked to these diseases. From limited studies, we have gleaned several mechanistic insights that may prove to be of therapeutic importance in the early stages of life. IMPACT: This review paper serves to refute the concept that monogenic PIDs are not linked to the microbiome. The onset of monogenic PIDs is independent of microbiota; single-gene mutations such as AIRE or Foxp3 that affect central or peripheral immune tolerance produce monogenic diseases even in a GF environment. However, the severity and outcome of PIDs are markedly impacted by the microbial composition. We suggest that future research for these conditions may focus on targeting the microbiome.
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Krishna M, Engevik M, Queliza K, Britto S, Shah R, Ruan W, Wang H, Versalovic J, Kellermayer R. Maternal
Lactobacillus reuteri
supplementation shifts the intestinal microbiome in mice and provides protection from experimental colitis in female offspring. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 4:109-120. [PMID: 35141475 PMCID: PMC8814561 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our experiment was to explore how stochastic (inter‐individual variation) gut microbiome composition may link to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility and guide the development of a perinatal preventative probiotic. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was introduced to C57BL/BJ mice to induce acute colitis as a model of IBD. Potentially protective bacteria were identified using a discovery‐validation cohort approach toward stochastic DSS susceptibility. Lactobacilli (two different cocktails of L. reuteri and L. johnsonii strains) or control media were supplemented by mouth to dams prior to delivery and during lactation (i.e., perinatal probiotic). The pups were evaluated for DSS susceptibility at young adulthood. Fecal Lactobacillus was increased in the DSS‐resistant mice in both the discovery and validation cohorts. Maternal supplementation of female offspring with an L. reuteri cocktail (strains 6798‐1, 6798‐jm, and 6798‐cm) induced progressive microbiome separation and protection against colitis by young adulthood. Maternal supplementation of L. reuteri could confer protection against DSS colitis in young adult female mice. This work is the first to exploit stochastic mammalian microbiome variation to guide microbial therapeutic identification. Our findings underscore neonatal microbiome plasticity and set the stage for the potential development of perinatally deliverable protective probiotics against human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Krishna
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA
| | - Melinda Engevik
- Department of Pathology & Immunology Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA
| | - Karen Queliza
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York USA
| | - Savini Britto
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA
| | - Rajesh Shah
- Department of Medicine Baylor Scott and White Austin Texas USA
| | - Wenly Ruan
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology & Immunology Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA
| | - Richard Kellermayer
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center Texas Children's Hospital Houston Texas USA
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Ashaolu TJ, Fernández-Tomé S. Gut mucosal and adipose tissues as health targets of the immunomodulatory mechanisms of probiotics. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Luo J, Yu J, Peng X. Could partial nonstarch polysaccharides ameliorate cancer by altering m 6A RNA methylation in hosts through intestinal microbiota? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8319-8334. [PMID: 34036843 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1927975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing scientific view that the improvement of cancer by nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs) is mediated by intestinal microbiota. Intestinal bacteria affect the supply of methyl donor substances and influence N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation. As one of the epigenetic/epitranscriptomic modifications, m6A RNA methylation is closely related to the initiation and progression of cancers. This review summarizes the cancer-improving effects of NSPs through modulation of intestinal microbiota. It also summarizes the relationship between intestinal bacteria and the supply of methyl donor substances. Moreover, it also provides a summary of the effects of m6A RNA methylation on various types of cancer. The proposed mechanism is that, dietary consumed NSPs are utilized by specific intestinal bacteria and further reshape the microbial structure. Methyl donor substances will be directly or indirectly generated by the reshaped-microbiota, and affect the m6A RNA methylation of cancer-related and pro-carcinogenic inflammatory cytokine genes. Therefore, NSPs may change the m6A RNA methylation by affecting the methyl donor supply produced by intestinal microbiota and ameliorate cancer. This review discussed the possibility of cancer improvement of bioactive NSPs achieved by impacting RNA methylation via the intestinal microbiota, and it will offer new insights for the application of NSPs toward specific cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Luo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juntong Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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40
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Gaboriaud P, Sadrin G, Guitton E, Fort G, Niepceron A, Lallier N, Rossignol C, Larcher T, Sausset A, Guabiraba R, Silvestre A, Lacroix-Lamandé S, Schouler C, Laurent F, Bussière FI. The Absence of Gut Microbiota Alters the Development of the Apicomplexan Parasite Eimeria tenella. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:632556. [PMID: 33614532 PMCID: PMC7890251 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.632556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is a widespread intestinal disease of poultry caused by a parasite of the genus Eimeria. Eimeria tenella, is one of the most virulent species that specifically colonizes the caeca, an organ which harbors a rich and complex microbiota. Our objective was to study the impact of the intestinal microbiota on parasite infection and development using an original model of germ-free broilers. We observed that germ-free chickens presented significantly much lower load of oocysts in caecal contents than conventional chickens. This decrease in parasite load was measurable in caecal tissue by RT-qPCR at early time points. Histological analysis revealed the presence of much less first (day 2pi) and second generation schizonts (day 3.5pi) in germ-free chickens than conventional chickens. Indeed, at day 3.5pi, second generation schizonts were respectively immature only in germ-free chickens suggesting a lengthening of the asexual phase of the parasite in the absence of microbiota. Accordingly to the consequence of this lengthening, a delay in specific gamete gene expressions, and a reduction of gamete detection by histological analysis in caeca of germ-free chickens were observed. These differences in parasite load might result from an initial reduction of the excystation efficiency of the parasite in the gut of germ-free chickens. However, as bile salts involved in the excystation step led to an even higher excystation efficiency in germ-free compared to conventional chickens, this result could not explain the difference in parasite load. Interestingly, when we shunted the excystation step in vivo by infecting chickens with sporozoites using the cloacal route of inoculation, parasite invasion was similar in germ-free and in conventional chickens but still resulted in significantly lower parasite load in germ-free chickens at day 7pi. Overall, these data highlighted that the absence of intestinal microbiota alters E. tenella replication. Strategies to modulate the microbiota and/or its metabolites could therefore be an alternative approach to limit the negative impact of coccidiosis in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alix Sausset
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR ISP, Nouzilly, France
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The Association of Gut Microbiota and Treg Dysfunction in Autoimmune Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1278:191-203. [PMID: 33523449 PMCID: PMC9290759 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6407-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune conditions affect 23 million Americans or 7% of the US population. There are more than 100 autoimmune disorders, affecting every major organ system in humans. This chapter aims to further explain Treg dysfunction autoimmune disorders, including monogenic primary immune deficiency such as immune dysregulation polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked inheritance (IPEX) syndrome, and polygenic autoimmune diseases with Treg dysfunction such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and food allergy. These conditions are associated with an abnormal small intestinal and colonic microbiome. Some disorders clearly improve with therapies aimed at microbial modification, including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Approaches to prevent and treat these disorders will need to focus on the acquisition and maintenance of a healthy colonic microbiota, in addition to more focused approaches at immune suppression during acute disease exacerbations.
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42
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Lactobacillus Attenuate the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer Promoted by Porphyromonas Gingivalis in K-rasG12D Transgenic Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123522. [PMID: 33255941 PMCID: PMC7760978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is aggressive and lethal with a five year survival rate of only 5–9%. While the exact pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer is not fully understood, oral pathogens associated with periodontitis, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), are linked to the disease. The aim of our study was to investigate the causal association between exposure to P. gingivalis and subsequent carcinogenesis, and the potential modulatory effects of probiotics. We demonstrated that oral exposure to P. gingivalis can accelerate the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mouse models. In addition, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway may be involved in the cancer-promoting effect of P. gingivalis and the suppressive effects of probiotics. Further understanding of the mechanisms of tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing effects of TGF-β signaling may have potential as a treatment for pancreatic cancer. Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that there is a link between the host microbiome and pancreatic carcinogenesis, and that Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) increases the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. The aim of the current study was to clarify the role of P. gingivalis in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer and the potential immune modulatory effects of probiotics. The six-week-old LSL-K-rasG12D; Pdx-1-cre (KC) mice smeared P. gingivalis on the gums, causing pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) after four weeks to be similar to the extent of lesions in untreated KC mice at 24 weeks. The oral inoculation of P. gingivalis of six-week-old LSL-K-rasG12D; Pdx-1-cre (KC) mice caused significantly pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) after treatment four weeks is similar to the extent of lesions in untreated KC mice at 24 weeks. The pancreas weights of P. gingivalis plus probiotic-treated mice were significantly lower than the mice treated with P. gingivalis alone (P = 0.0028). The histological expressions of Snail-1, ZEB-1, collagen fibers, Galectin-3, and PD-L1 staining in the pancreas were also notably lower. In addition, probiotic administration reduced the histological expression of Smad3 and phosphorylated Smad3 in P. gingivalis treated KC mice. We demonstrated that oral exposure to P. gingivalis can accelerate the development of PanIN lesions. Probiotics are likely to have a beneficial effect by reducing cancer cell proliferation and viability, inhibiting PanIN progression, and cancer cell metastasis (Epithelial–mesenchymal transition, EMT). The transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway may be involved in the tumor suppressive effects of probiotics.
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The Influence of Probiotics on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio in the Treatment of Obesity and Inflammatory Bowel disease. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111715. [PMID: 33139627 PMCID: PMC7692443 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The two most important bacterial phyla in the gastrointestinal tract, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, have gained much attention in recent years. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio is widely accepted to have an important influence in maintaining normal intestinal homeostasis. Increased or decreased F/B ratio is regarded as dysbiosis, whereby the former is usually observed with obesity, and the latter with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Probiotics as live microorganisms can confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts. There is considerable evidence of their nutritional and immunosuppressive properties including reports that elucidate the association of probiotics with the F/B ratio, obesity, and IBD. Orally administered probiotics can contribute to the restoration of dysbiotic microbiota and to the prevention of obesity or IBD. However, as the effects of different probiotics on the F/B ratio differ, selecting the appropriate species or mixture is crucial. The most commonly tested probiotics for modifying the F/B ratio and treating obesity and IBD are from the genus Lactobacillus. In this paper, we review the effects of probiotics on the F/B ratio that lead to weight loss or immunosuppression.
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Microbiome of the first stool after birth and infantile colic. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:776-783. [PMID: 32053826 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown a diverse microbiome in the first stool after birth. The clinical significance of the microbiome of the first stool is not known. Infantile colic has earlier been associated with the composition of the intestinal microbiome. METHODS We set out to test whether the microbiome of the first stool is associated with subsequent infantile colic in a prospective, population-based cohort study of 212 consecutive newborn infants. We used next-generation sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS The newborns who later developed infantile colic (n = 19) had a lower relative abundance of the genus Lactobacillus and the phylum Firmicutes in the first stool than those who remained healthy (n = 139). By using all microbiome data, random forest algorithm classified newborn with subsequent colic and those who remained healthy with area under the curve of 0.66 (SD 0.03) as compared to that of shuffled samples (P value <0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this prospective, population-based study, the microbiome of the first-pass meconium was associated with subsequent infantile colic. Our results suggest that the pathogenesis of infantile colic is closely related to the intestinal microbiome at birth.
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Wu J, Zhao Y, Wang X, Kong L, Johnston LJ, Lu L, Ma X. Dietary nutrients shape gut microbes and intestinal mucosa via epigenetic modifications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:783-797. [PMID: 33043708 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1828813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lingchang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lee J. Johnston
- West Central Research & Outreach Centre, University of Minnesota, Morris, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lin Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Ren W, Bin P, Yin Y, Wu G. Impacts of Amino Acids on the Intestinal Defensive System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1265:133-151. [PMID: 32761574 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45328-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestine interacts with a diverse community of antigens and bacteria. To keep its homeostasis, the gut has evolved with a complex defense system, including intestinal microbiota, epithelial layer and lamina propria. Various factors (e.g., nutrients) affect the intestinal defensive system and progression of intestinal diseases. This review highlights the current understanding about the role of amino acids (AAs) in protecting the intestine from harm. Amino acids (e.g., arginine, glutamine and tryptophan) are essential for the function of intestinal microbiota, epithelial cells, tight junction, goblet cells, Paneth cells and immune cells (e.g., macrophages, B cells and T cells). Through the modulation of the intestinal defensive system, AAs maintain the integrity and function of the intestinal mucosa and inhibit the progression of various intestinal diseases (e.g., intestinal infection and intestinal colitis). Thus, adequate intake of functional AAs is crucial for intestinal and whole-body health in humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Bin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product, Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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47
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Sampah MES, Hackam DJ. Dysregulated Mucosal Immunity and Associated Pathogeneses in Preterm Neonates. Front Immunol 2020; 11:899. [PMID: 32499778 PMCID: PMC7243348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many functions of the immune system are impaired in neonates, allowing vulnerability to serious bacterial, viral and fungal infections which would otherwise not be pathogenic to mature individuals. This vulnerability is exacerbated in compromised newborns such as premature neonates and those who have undergone surgery or who require care in an intensive care unit. Higher susceptibility of preterm neonates to infections is associated with delayed immune system maturation, with deficiencies present in both the innate and adaptive immune components. Here, we review recent insights into early life immunity, and highlight features associated with compromised newborns, given the challenges of studying neonatal immunity in compromised neonates due to the transient nature of this period of life, and logistical and ethical obstacles posed by undertaking studies newborns and infants. Finally, we highlight how the unique immunological characteristics of the premature host play key roles in the pathogenesis of diseases that are unique to this population, including necrotizing enterocolitis and the associated sequalae of lung and brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maame Efua S Sampah
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David J Hackam
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Wang H, Zhou C, Huang J, Kuai X, Shao X. The potential therapeutic role of Lactobacillus reuteri for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1569-1583. [PMID: 32509162 PMCID: PMC7270012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disease of unknown etiology. However, recent studies have established a pathological role of disordered intestinal microbiota and immune dysregulation. Clinical studies have suggested that the reconstruction of the normal intestinal flora in patients with IBD can reverse the dysbiosis caused by genetic, environmental, dietary, or antibiotic factors to ameliorate the symptoms of IBD. Lactobacillus reuteri is widely present in the intestines of healthy individuals and regulates the intestinal immune system, reducing inflammation through multiple mechanisms. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of L. reuteri in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and considers its possible value as a new therapeutic agent for patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunli Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junxiang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyi Kuai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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The Control of Intestinal Inflammation: A Major Objective in the Research of Probiotic Strains as Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020148. [PMID: 31973199 PMCID: PMC7074883 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of antimicrobial resistance is a major challenge for the scientific community. In a few decades, infections by resistant bacteria are forecasted to be the main cause of death in the world. The withdrawal of antibiotics as growth promoters and their preventive use in animal production is essential to avoid these resistances, but this may impair productivity and health due to the increase in gut inflammation. This reduction in productivity aggravates the problem of increasing meat demand in developing countries and limits the availability of raw materials. Probiotics are promising products to address this challenge due to their beneficial effects on microbiota composition, mucosal barrier integrity, and immune system to control inflammation. Although many modes of action have been demonstrated, the scientific community is not able to describe the specific effects that a probiotic should induce on the host to maximize both productivity and animal health. First, it may be necessary to define what are the innate immune pathways acting in the gut that optimize productivity and health and to then investigate which probiotic strain is able to induce the specific effect needed. This review describes several gaps in the knowledge of host-microbiota-pathogen interaction and the related mechanisms involved in the inflammatory response not demonstrated yet in poultry.
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