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Xia RJ, Du XY, Shen LW, Ma JG, Xu SM, Fan RF, Qin JW, Yan L. Roles of the tumor microenvironment in the resistance to programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors in patients with gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:3820-3831. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the continuous developments and advancements in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC), which is one of the most prevalent types of cancer in China, the overall survival is still poor for most patients with advanced GC. In recent years, with the progress in tumor immunology research, attention has shifted toward immunotherapy as a therapeutic approach for GC. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, as novel immunosuppressive medications, have been widely utilized in the treatment of GC. However, many patients are still resistant to PD-1 inhibitors and experience recurrence in the advanced stages of PD-1 immunotherapy. To reduce the occurrence of drug resistance and recurrence in GC patients receiving PD-1 immunotherapy, to maximize the clinical activity of immunosuppressive drugs, and to elicit a lasting immune response, it is essential to research the tumor microenvironment mechanisms leading to PD-1 inhibitor resistance in GC patients. This article reviews the progress in studying the factors influencing the resistance to PD-1 inhibitors in the GC tumor microenvironment, aiming to provide insights and a basis for reducing resistance to PD-1 inhibitors for GC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Du
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Li-Wen Shen
- Department of Medical Support Center, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jian-Guo Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shu-Mei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Rui-Fang Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jian-Wei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
| | - Long Yan
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
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2
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Diep CH, Spartz A, Truong TH, Dwyer AR, El-Ashry D, Lange CA. Progesterone Receptor Signaling Promotes Cancer Associated Fibroblast Mediated Tumorigenicity in ER+ Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae092. [PMID: 39041201 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer progression involves intricate interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). This study elucidates the critical role of progesterone receptor (PR) signaling in mediating the protumorigenic effects of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) luminal breast cancer cells. We demonstrate that CAFs produce physiologically relevant levels of estrogen and progesterone, which significantly contribute to breast cancer tumorigenicity. Specifically, CAF conditioned media (CM) promoted PR-dependent anchorage-independent growth, tumorsphere formation/stem cell expansion, and CD44 upregulation. CAF cells formed co-clusters more frequently with PR+ breast cancer cells relative to PR-null models. While both PR isoforms mediated these actions, PR-A was a dominant driver of tumorsphere formation/stemness, while PR-B induced robust CD44 expression and CAF/tumor cell co-cluster formation. CD44 knockdown impaired CAF/tumor cell co-clustering. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), also secreted by CAFs, phosphorylated PR (Ser294) in a MAPK-dependent manner and activated PR to enhance CD44 expression and breast cancer tumorigenicity. The FGF receptor (FGFR) inhibitor PD173074 diminished CAF- and FGF2-dependent PR activation, tumorsphere formation, and co-clustering. In summary, this study reveals a novel mechanism through which stromal CAFs orchestrate elevated PR signaling in ER+ luminal breast cancer via secretion of both progesterone and FGF2, a potent activator of ERK1/2. Understanding tumor cell/TME interactions provides insights into potential therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting PR- and/or FGF2/FGFR-dependent signaling pathways to prevent early metastasis in patients with ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H Diep
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Angela Spartz
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Thu H Truong
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Amy R Dwyer
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dorraya El-Ashry
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Carol A Lange
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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3
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Quintana J, Kang M, Hu H, Ng TSC, Wojtkiewicz GR, Scott E, Parangi S, Schuemann J, Weissleder R, Miller MA. Extended Pharmacokinetics Improve Site-Specific Prodrug Activation Using Radiation. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:1371-1382. [PMID: 39071065 PMCID: PMC11273447 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat cancer, and localized energy deposited by radiotherapy has the potential to chemically uncage prodrugs; however, it has been challenging to demonstrate prodrug activation that is both sustained in vivo and truly localized to tumors without affecting off-target tissues. To address this, we developed a series of novel phenyl-azide-caged, radiation-activated chemotherapy drug-conjugates alongside a computational framework for understanding corresponding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) behaviors. We especially focused on an albumin-bound prodrug of monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and found it blocked tumor growth in mice, delivered a 130-fold greater amount of activated drug to irradiated tumor versus unirradiated tissue, was 7.5-fold more efficient than a non albumin-bound prodrug, and showed no appreciable toxicity compared to free or cathepsin-activatable drugs. These data guided computational modeling of drug action, which indicated that extended pharmacokinetics can improve localized and cumulative drug activation, especially for payloads with low vascular permeability and diffusivity and particularly in patients receiving daily treatments of conventional radiotherapy for weeks. This work thus offers a quantitative PK/PD framework and proof-of-principle experimental demonstration of how extending prodrug circulation can improve its localized activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy
M. Quintana
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Mikyung Kang
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Huiyu Hu
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Thomas S. C. Ng
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Gregory R. Wojtkiewicz
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ella Scott
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Department
of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jan Schuemann
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Miles A. Miller
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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4
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Han Y, Dong C, Hu M, Wang X, Wang G. Unlocking the adenosine receptor mechanism of the tumour immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1434118. [PMID: 38994361 PMCID: PMC11236561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1434118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The suppressive tumour microenvironment significantly hinders the efficacy of immunotherapy in treating solid tumors. In this context, stromal cells, such as tumour-associated fibroblasts, undergo changes that include an increase in the number and function of immunosuppressive cells. Adenosine, a factor that promotes tumour growth, is produced from ATP breakdown and is markedly elevated in the tumour microenvironment. It acts through specific binding to adenosine receptors, with A2A and A2B adenosine receptor being primary drivers of immunosuppression. This paper presents the roles of various adenosine receptors in different tumour microenvironments. This review focus on the function of adenosine receptors in the stromal cells and non-cellular components of the tumour microenvironment. Additionally, we summarize and discuss recent advances and potential trends in using adenosine receptor antagonists combined with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yecheng Han
- General Affairs Office of Shenyang Hongqiao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenshuang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingwang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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5
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Su J, Desmarais J, Chu CQ, Zhu J. Potential therapeutic targets of fibrosis in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2024; 38:101945. [PMID: 38627168 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2024.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is commonly associated with chronic rheumatic diseases, and causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Treatment of fibrosis is extremely challenging but is badly needed, as approved antifibrotic therapies fibrosis do not halt its progression, which will be discussed with a focus on pulmonary fibrosis. Findings from recent studies indicate several therapeutic targets for treating fibrosis. Interleukin-11 is emerging as a fibrogenic cytokine whose activity can be blocked with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is highly expressed by activated fibroblasts in inflammatory and fibrotic tissues. Targeting FAP with different modalities has been extensively explored as adjunct treatment for cancer, which can also apply to treating fibrosis in rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Julianna Desmarais
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Cong-Qiu Chu
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Rheumatology Section, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Natangelo S, Trapani D, Koukoutzeli C, Boscolo Bielo L, Marvaso G, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Curigliano G. Radiation therapy, tissue radiosensitization, and potential synergism in the era of novel antibody-drug conjugates. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 195:104270. [PMID: 38272150 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a therapeutic class of agents designed to selectively deliver cytotoxic payloads to cancer cells. With the increasingly positioning of ADCs in the clinical practice, combinations with other treatment modalities, including radiation therapy (RT), will open new opportunities but also challenges. This review evaluates ADC-RT interactions, examining therapeutic synergies and potential caveats. ADC payloads can be radiosensitizing, enhancing cytotoxicity when used in combination with RT. Antigens targeted by ADCs can have various tissue expressions, resulting in possible off-target toxicities by tissue radiosensitization. Notably, the HER-2-directed ADC trastuzumab emtansine has appeared to increase the risk of radionecrosis when used concomitantly with brain RT, as glial cells can express HER2, too. Other possible organ-specific effects are discussed, such as pulmonary and cardiac toxicities. The lack of robust clinical data on the ADC-RT combination raises concerns regarding specific side effects and the ultimate trade-off of toxicity and safety of some combined approaches. Clinical studies are needed to assess ADC-RT combination safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Natangelo
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Trapani
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chrysanthi Koukoutzeli
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Boscolo Bielo
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marvaso
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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7
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Metrangolo V, Engelholm LH. Antibody-Drug Conjugates: The Dynamic Evolution from Conventional to Next-Generation Constructs. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:447. [PMID: 38275888 PMCID: PMC10814585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduced almost two decades ago, ADCs have marked a breakthrough in the targeted therapy era, providing clinical benefits to many cancer patients. While the inherent complexity of this class of drugs has challenged their development and broad application, the experience gained from years of trials and errors and recent advances in construct design and delivery have led to an increased number of ADCs approved or in late clinical development in only five years. Target and payload diversification, along with novel conjugation and linker technologies, are at the forefront of next-generation ADC development, renewing hopes to broaden the scope of these targeted drugs to difficult-to-treat cancers and beyond. This review highlights recent trends in the ADC field, focusing on construct design and mechanism of action and their implications on ADCs' therapeutic profile. The evolution from conventional to innovative ADC formats will be illustrated, along with some of the current hurdles, including toxicity and drug resistance. Future directions to improve the design of next-generation ADCs will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Metrangolo
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars H. Engelholm
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Ruan D, Wu H, Meng Q, Xu R. Development of antibody-drug conjugates in cancer: Overview and prospects. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:3-22. [PMID: 38159059 PMCID: PMC10794012 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, remarkable breakthroughs have been reported on antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), with 15 ADCs successfully entering the market over the past decade. This substantial development has positioned ADCs as one of the fastest-growing domains in the realm of anticancer drugs, demonstrating their efficacy in treating a wide array of malignancies. Nonetheless, there is still an unmet clinical need for wider application, better efficacy, and fewer side effects of ADCs. An ADC generally comprises an antibody, a linker and a payload, and the combination has profound effects on drug structure, pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy. Hence, optimization of the key components provides an opportunity to develop ADCs with higher potency and fewer side effects. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed the current development and the prospects of ADC, provided an analysis of marketed ADCs and the ongoing pipelines globally as well as in China, highlighted several ADC platforms and technologies specific to different pharmaceutical enterprises and biotech companies, and also discussed the new related technologies, possibility of next-generation ADCs and the directions of clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan‐Yun Ruan
- Department of Clinical ResearchSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Hao‐Xiang Wu
- Department of Clinical ResearchSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Qi Meng
- Department of Clinical ResearchSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Rui‐Hua Xu
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
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9
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Gehris J, Ervin C, Hawkins C, Womack S, Churillo AM, Doyle J, Sinusas AJ, Spinale FG. Fibroblast activation protein: Pivoting cancer/chemotherapeutic insight towards heart failure. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 219:115914. [PMID: 37956895 PMCID: PMC10824141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
An important mechanism for cancer progression is degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) which is accompanied by the emergence and proliferation of an activated fibroblast, termed the cancer associated fibroblast (CAF). More specifically, an enzyme pathway identified to be amplified with local cancer progression and proliferation of the CAF, is fibroblast activation protein (FAP). The development and progression of heart failure (HF) irrespective of the etiology is associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling and changes in ECM structure and function. As with cancer, HF progression is associated with a change in LV myocardial fibroblast growth and function, and expresses a protein signature not dissimilar to the CAF. The overall goal of this review is to put forward the postulate that scientific discoveries regarding FAP in cancer as well as the development of specific chemotherapeutics could be pivoted to target the emergence of FAP in the activated fibroblast subtype and thus hold translationally relevant diagnostic and therapeutic targets in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gehris
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Charlie Ervin
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Charlotte Hawkins
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sydney Womack
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Amelia M Churillo
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jonathan Doyle
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Albert J Sinusas
- Yale University Cardiovascular Imaging Center, New Haven CT, United States
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States.
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10
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Zhang XL, Xiao W, Qian JP, Yang WJ, Xu H, Xu XD, Zhang GW. The Role and Application of Fibroblast Activating Protein. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:1097-1110. [PMID: 37259211 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230530095305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP), a type-II transmembrane serine protease, is rarely expressed in normal tissues but highly abundant in pathological diseases, including fibrosis, arthritis, and cancer. Ever since its discovery, we have deciphered its structure and biological properties and continue to investigate its roles in various diseases while attempting to utilize it for targeted therapy. To date, no significant breakthroughs have been made in terms of efficacy. However, in recent years, several practical applications in the realm of imaging diagnosis have been discovered. Given its unique expression in a diverse array of pathological tissues, the fundamental biological characteristics of FAP render it a crucial target for disease diagnosis and immunotherapy. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the research progress of FAP, its biological characteristics, involvement in diseases, and recent targeted application research have been reviewed. Moreover, we explored its development trend in the direction of clinical diagnoses and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lou Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Xiao
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Qian
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Jun Yang
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-da Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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You T, Tang H, Wu W, Gao J, Li X, Li N, Xu X, Xing J, Ge H, Xiao Y, Guo J, Wu B, Li X, Zhou L, Zhao L, Bai C, Han Q, Sun Z, Zhao RC. POSTN Secretion by Extracellular Matrix Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (eCAFs) Correlates with Poor ICB Response via Macrophage Chemotaxis Activation of Akt Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cancer. Aging Dis 2023; 14:2177-2192. [PMID: 37199594 PMCID: PMC10676785 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but its clinical benefit is limited in advanced gastric cancer (GC). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been reported to be associated with ICB resistance, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Our previous single-cell RNA-seq analysis of GC revealed that POSTN+FAP+ extracellular matrix CAFs (eCAFs) communicate with macrophages. Here, we evaluated the correlation between eCAFs and ICB response in TCGA-STAD and real-world cohorts. Immune infiltration analysis and correlation analysis were performed to assess the relationship between eCAFs and macrophages. We first confirmed a negative correlation between the abundance of eCAFs and the overall response rate (ORR) to anti-PD-1 treatment in TCGA-STAD and real-world GC cohorts. Overexpression of POSTN in CAFs enhanced macrophage chemotaxis, while POSTN interference showed the opposite effect in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the cell density of POSTN+ CAFs was positively correlated with the infiltration level of CD163+ macrophages in GC patient tissues. The results demonstrated that POSTN secreted by CAFs enhances macrophage chemotaxis by activating the Akt signaling pathway in macrophages. Additionally, we found that POSTN+FAP+ eCAFs may exist in multiple solid tumors and are associated with ICB resistance. eCAFs promote macrophage chemotaxis through the secretion of POSTN, thereby leading to ICB resistance. High expression of POSTN is likely to predict a poor response to ICB. POSTN downregulation may be considered as a candidate therapeutic strategy to improve ICB efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting You
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingxi Gao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuechun Li
- Department of Stomatology Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Academician Workstation for Oral-Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Ningning Li
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiuxiu Xu
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiazhang Xing
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Ge
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Junchao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Liangrui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Qin Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhao Sun
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Pascual-Antón L, Sandoval P, González-Mateo GT, Kopytina V, Tomero-Sanz H, Arriero-País EM, Jiménez-Heffernan JA, Fabre M, Egaña I, Ferrer C, Simón L, González-Cortijo L, Sainz de la Cuesta R, López-Cabrera M. Targeting carcinoma-associated mesothelial cells with antibody-drug conjugates in ovarian carcinomatosis. J Pathol 2023; 261:238-251. [PMID: 37555348 DOI: 10.1002/path.6170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinomatosis is characterized by the accumulation of carcinoma-associated mesothelial cells (CAMs) in the peritoneal stroma and mainly originates through a mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) process. MMT has been proposed as a therapeutic target for peritoneal metastasis. Most ovarian cancer (OC) patients present at diagnosis with peritoneal seeding, which makes tumor progression control difficult by MMT modulation. An alternative approach is to use antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeted directly to attack CAMs. This strategy could represent the cornerstone of precision-based medicine for peritoneal carcinomatosis. Here, we performed complete transcriptome analyses of ascitic fluid-isolated CAMs in advanced OC patients with primary-, high-, and low-grade, serous subtypes and following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Our findings suggest that both cancer biological aggressiveness and chemotherapy-induced tumor mass reduction reflect the MMT-associated changes that take place in the tumor surrounding microenvironment. Accordingly, MMT-related genes, including fibroblast activation protein (FAP), mannose receptor C type 2 (MRC2), interleukin-11 receptor alpha (IL11RA), myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), and sulfatase-1 (SULF1), were identified as specific actionable targets in CAMs of OC patients, which is a crucial step in the de novo design of ADCs. These cell surface target receptors were also validated in peritoneal CAMs of colorectal cancer peritoneal implants, indicating that ADC-based treatment could extend to other abdominal tumors that show peritoneal colonization. As proof of concept, a FAP-targeted ADC reduced tumor growth in an OC xenograft mouse model with peritoneal metastasis-associated fibroblasts. In summary, we propose MMT as a potential source of ADC-based therapeutic targets for peritoneal carcinomatosis. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Pascual-Antón
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CBMSO-CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Sandoval
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CBMSO-CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe T González-Mateo
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CBMSO-CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valeria Kopytina
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CBMSO-CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Henar Tomero-Sanz
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CBMSO-CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva María Arriero-País
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CBMSO-CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CBMSO-CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Xu M, Chen J, Zhang P, Cai J, Song H, Li Z, Liu Z. An antibody-radionuclide conjugate targets fibroblast activation protein for cancer therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3214-3224. [PMID: 37318538 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibroblast activation protein is one of the most attractive targets for tumor diagnosis and therapy. There have been many successful clinical translations with small molecules and peptides, yet only a few anti-FAP antibody diagnostic or therapeutic agents have been reported. Antibodies often feature good tumor selectivity and long tumor retention, which may be a better-match with therapeutic radionuclides (e.g.,177Lu, 225Ac) for cancer therapy. Here we report a 177Lu-labeled anti-FAP antibody, PKU525, as a therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for FAP-targeted radiotherapy. METHODS The anti-FAP antibody is produced as a derivative of sibrotuzumab. The pharmacokinetics and blocking study are performed with 89Zr-labeled antibody by PET imaging. The conjugation strategies have been screened and tested with SPECT imaging through 177Lu-labeling. The biodistribution and radiotherapy studies are performed on 177Lu-labeled anti-FAP antibody in NU/NU mice-bearing HT-1080-FAP tumors. RESULTS A multiple time-point PET imaging study shows that the tumor accumulation of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-PKU525 is intense, selective, and relatively rapid. The time activity curve indicates that the tumor uptake continually increases until reaches the highest uptake (SUVmax = 18.4 ± 2.3, n = 4) at 192 h, then gradually declines. Radioactivity rapidly cleared from the blood, liver, and other major organs, resulting in high tumor-to-background ratios. An in vivo blocking experiment suggests that [89Zr]Zr-DFO-PKU525 is FAP-specific and the uptake in FAP-negative tumors is almost negligible. Ex vivo biodistribution study shows that the tumor uptake of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-NCS-PKU525 is 23.04 ± 5.11% ID/g, 33.2 ± 6.36% ID/g, 19.87 ± 6.84% ID/g and 19.02 ± 5.90% ID/g at 24 h, 96 h, 168 h, and 240 h after injection (n = 5), which is corroborated with the PET imaging. In therapeutic assays, multiple doses of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-NCS-PKU525 have been tested in tumor-bearing mice, and the data suggests that 3.7 MBq may be sufficient to completely suppress the tumor growth in mice without showing observable side effects. CONCLUSION A FAP-targeted antibody-radionuclide conjugate was developed and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Its tumor accumulation is rapid and high with a clean background. It remarkably suppresses the tumors in mice while the side effect is almost negligible, showing that it is promising for further clinical translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Boomray Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hanbo Song
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China.
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14
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Raudenska M, Balvan J, Hanelova K, Bugajova M, Masarik M. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: Mediators of head and neck tumor microenvironment remodeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188940. [PMID: 37331641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are involved in critical aspects of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) pathogenesis, such as the formation of a tumor-permissive extracellular matrix structure, angiogenesis, or immune and metabolic reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment (TME), with implications for metastasis and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The pleiotropic effect of CAFs in TME is likely to reflect the heterogeneity and plasticity of their population, with context-dependent effects on carcinogenesis. The specific properties of CAFs provide many targetable molecules that could play an important role in the future therapy of HNSCC. In this review article, we will focus on the role of CAFs in the TME of HNSCC tumors. We will also discuss clinically relevant agents targeting CAFs, their signals, and signaling pathways, which are activated by CAFs in cancer cells, with the potential for repurposing for HNSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Hanelova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Bugajova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Pathophysiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, / U Nemocnice 5, CZ-128 53 Prague, Czech Republic.
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15
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van Amerongen R, Bentires-Alj M, van Boxtel AL, Clarke RB, Fre S, Suarez EG, Iggo R, Jechlinger M, Jonkers J, Mikkola ML, Koledova ZS, Sørlie T, Vivanco MDM. Imagine beyond: recent breakthroughs and next challenges in mammary gland biology and breast cancer research. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:17. [PMID: 37450065 PMCID: PMC10349020 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
On 8 December 2022 the organizing committee of the European Network for Breast Development and Cancer labs (ENBDC) held its fifth annual Think Tank meeting in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Here, we embraced the opportunity to look back to identify the most prominent breakthroughs of the past ten years and to reflect on the main challenges that lie ahead for our field in the years to come. The outcomes of these discussions are presented in this position paper, in the hope that it will serve as a summary of the current state of affairs in mammary gland biology and breast cancer research for early career researchers and other newcomers in the field, and as inspiration for scientists and clinicians to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée van Amerongen
- Developmental, Stem Cell and Cancer Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mohamed Bentires-Alj
- Laboratory of Tumor Heterogeneity, Metastasis and Resistance, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonius L van Boxtel
- Developmental, Stem Cell and Cancer Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Silvia Fre
- Institut Curie, Genetics and Developmental Biology Department, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, U93475248, InsermParis, France
| | - Eva Gonzalez Suarez
- Transformation and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard Iggo
- INSERM U1312, University of Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Martin Jechlinger
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Department, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molit Institute of Personalized Medicine, Heilbronn, Germany
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja L Mikkola
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, P.O.B. 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zuzana Sumbalova Koledova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Therese Sørlie
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria dM Vivanco
- Cancer Heterogeneity Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Technological Park Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Spain
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16
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Kalaei Z, Manafi-Farid R, Rashidi B, Kiani FK, Zarei A, Fathi M, Jadidi-Niaragh F. The Prognostic and therapeutic value and clinical implications of fibroblast activation protein-α as a novel biomarker in colorectal cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:139. [PMID: 37316886 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of contributing factors leading to the development of Colorectal Cancer (CRC), as the third fatal malignancy, is crucial. Today, the tumor microenvironment has been shown to play a key role in CRC progression. Fibroblast-Activation Protein-α (FAP) is a type II transmembrane cell surface proteinase expressed on the surface of cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumor stroma. As an enzyme, FAP has di- and endoprolylpeptidase, endoprotease, and gelatinase/collagenase activities in the Tumor Microenvironment (TME). According to recent reports, FAP overexpression in CRC contributes to adverse clinical outcomes such as increased lymph node metastasis, tumor recurrence, and angiogenesis, as well as decreased overall survival. In this review, studies about the expression level of FAP and its associations with CRC patients' prognosis are reviewed. High expression levels of FAP and its association with clinicopathological factors have made as a potential target. In many studies, FAP has been evaluated as a therapeutic target and diagnostic factor into which the current review tries to provide a comprehensive insight. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kalaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Manafi-Farid
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bentolhoda Rashidi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Karoon Kiani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asieh Zarei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Fathi
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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17
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Shin H, Kim Y, Jon S. Nanovaccine Displaying Immunodominant T Cell Epitopes of Fibroblast Activation Protein Is Effective Against Desmoplastic Tumors. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37184372 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are dominant cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME), support tumor growth by secreting cytokines and forming an extracellular matrix (ECM) that hampers the penetration of chemical and biological therapeutics within the tumor and thereby limits their therapeutic efficacy. Here, we report a cancer nanovaccine targeting fibroblast activation protein α (FAP)-expressing CAFs as a potential pan-tumor vaccine. We predicted immunodominant FAP-specific epitope peptides in silico and selected two candidate peptides after in vitro and in vivo screening for immunogenicity and antitumor efficacy. Next, we developed a nanoparticle-based vaccine that displays the two selected epitope peptides on the surface of lipid nanoparticles encapsulating CpG adjuvant (FAPPEP-SLNPs). Immunization with one of two FAPPEP-SLNP nanovaccines led to considerable growth inhibition of various tumors, including desmoplastic tumors, by depleting FAP+ CAFs and thereby reducing ECM production in the TME while causing little appreciable adverse effects. Furthermore, when combined with a chemotherapeutic drug, the FAPPEP-SLNP nanovaccine increased drug accumulation and resulted in a synergistic antitumor efficacy far better than that of each corresponding monotherapy. These findings suggest that our FAPPEP-SLNP nanovaccine has potential for use as an "off-the-shelf" pan-tumor vaccine applicable to a variety of tumors and may be a suitable platform for use in various combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hocheol Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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18
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Stouten I, van Montfoort N, Hawinkels LJAC. The Tango between Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and Immune Cells in Affecting Immunotherapy Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108707. [PMID: 37240052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of response to therapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients has contributed to PDAC having one of the lowest survival rates of all cancer types. The poor survival of PDAC patients urges the exploration of novel treatment strategies. Immunotherapy has shown promising results in several other cancer types, but it is still ineffective in PDAC. What sets PDAC apart from other cancer types is its tumour microenvironment (TME) with desmoplasia and low immune infiltration and activity. The most abundant cell type in the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), could be instrumental in why low immunotherapy responses are observed. CAF heterogeneity and interactions with components of the TME is an emerging field of research, where many paths are to be explored. Understanding CAF-immune cell interactions in the TME might pave the way to optimize immunotherapy efficacy for PDAC and related cancers with stromal abundance. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries on the functions and interactions of CAFs and how targeting CAFs might improve immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Stouten
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine van Montfoort
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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19
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Fuentes-Antrás J, Genta S, Vijenthira A, Siu LL. Antibody-drug conjugates: in search of partners of choice. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:339-354. [PMID: 36746689 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have become a credentialled class of anticancer drugs for both solid and hematological malignancies, with regulatory approvals mainly as single agents. Despite extensive preclinical and clinical efforts to develop rational ADC-based combinations, to date only a limited number have demonstrated survival improvements over standard of care. The most appealing partners for ADCs are those that offer additive or synergistic effects on tumor cells or their microenvironment without unacceptable overlapping toxicities. Coadministration with antiangiogenic compounds, HER2-targeting drugs, DNA-damage response agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent active forerunners. Through the identification of targets with tumor-specific expression, improved conjugation technologies, and novel linkers and payloads offering superior therapeutic indices, the next generation of ADCs brings optimism to combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Fuentes-Antrás
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sofia Genta
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abi Vijenthira
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lillian L Siu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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Zhang C, Fei Y, Wang H, Hu S, Liu C, Hu R, Du Q. CAFs orchestrates tumor immune microenvironment—A new target in cancer therapy? Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1113378. [PMID: 37007004 PMCID: PMC10064291 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has opened a new landscape in cancer treatment, however, the poor specificity and resistance of most targeted therapeutics have limited their therapeutic efficacy. In recent years, the role of CAFs in immune regulation has been increasingly noted as more evidence has been uncovered regarding the link between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and the evolutionary process of tumor progression. CAFs interact with immune cells to shape the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) that favors malignant tumor progression, a crosstalk process that leads to the failure of cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we outline recent advances in the immunosuppressive function of CAFs, highlight the mechanisms of CAFs-immune cell interactions, and discuss current CAF-targeted therapeutic strategies for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxiang Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Qianming Du, ; Rong Hu, ; Chao Liu,
| | - Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Qianming Du, ; Rong Hu, ; Chao Liu,
| | - Qianming Du
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Qianming Du, ; Rong Hu, ; Chao Liu,
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21
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Kryza D, Wischhusen J, Richaud M, Hervieu M, Sidi Boumedine J, Delcros JG, Besse S, Baudier T, Laval PA, Breusa S, Boutault E, Clermidy H, Rama N, Ducarouge B, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M, Chezal JM, Giraudet AL, Walter T, Mehlen P, Sarrut D, Gibert B. From netrin-1-targeted SPECT/CT to internal radiotherapy for management of advanced solid tumors. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16732. [PMID: 36876343 PMCID: PMC10086585 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy is a revolutionary tool for the treatment of highly spread metastatic cancers. Most current approaches rely on the use of vectors to deliver radionuclides to tumor cells, targeting membrane-bound cancer-specific moieties. Here, we report the embryonic navigation cue netrin-1 as an unanticipated target for vectorized radiotherapy. While netrin-1, known to be re-expressed in tumoral cells to promote cancer progression, is usually characterized as a diffusible ligand, we demonstrate here that netrin-1 is actually poorly diffusible and bound to the extracellular matrix. A therapeutic anti-netrin-1 monoclonal antibody (NP137) has been preclinically developed and was tested in various clinical trials showing an excellent safety profile. In order to provide a companion test detecting netrin-1 in solid tumors and allowing the selection of therapy-eligible patients, we used the clinical-grade NP137 agent and developed an indium-111-NODAGA-NP137 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) contrast agent. NP137-111 In provided specific detection of netrin-1-positive tumors with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio using SPECT/CT imaging in different mouse models. The high specificity and strong affinity of NP137 paved the way for the generation of lutetium-177-DOTA-NP137, a novel vectorized radiotherapy, which specifically accumulated in netrin-1-positive tumors. We demonstrate here, using tumor cell-engrafted mouse models and a genetically engineered mouse model, that a single systemic injection of NP137-177 Lu provides important antitumor effects and prolonged mouse survival. Together, these data support the view that NP137-111 In and NP137-177 Lu may represent original and unexplored imaging and therapeutic tools against advanced solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kryza
- Imthernat, LAGEPP, CNRS UMR 5007, Université de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Lumen Nuclear Medicine group, Hospices Civils de Lyon et Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Jennifer Wischhusen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Richaud
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France.,Gastroenterology and technologies for health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Maëva Hervieu
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France.,Gastroenterology and technologies for health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jacqueline Sidi Boumedine
- Imthernat, LAGEPP, CNRS UMR 5007, Université de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Gastroenterology and technologies for health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Guy Delcros
- Small molecules for biological targets, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon. UMR INSERM 1052 - CNRS 5286 ISPB Rockefeller, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Besse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas Baudier
- CREATIS, INSA Lyon, INSERM U1206 - CNRS UMR 5220, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Laval
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Silvia Breusa
- Imthernat, LAGEPP, CNRS UMR 5007, Université de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France.,Gastroenterology and technologies for health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Erwan Boutault
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hugo Clermidy
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Rama
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Michel Chezal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Laure Giraudet
- Lumen Nuclear Medicine group, Hospices Civils de Lyon et Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Walter
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France.,Gastroenterology and technologies for health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service de Gastroentérologie et d'Oncologie Digestive, Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - David Sarrut
- CREATIS, INSA Lyon, INSERM U1206 - CNRS UMR 5220, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Gibert
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France.,Gastroenterology and technologies for health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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22
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Zhang X, Yang G, Zhao Y, Dai X, Liu W, Qu F, Huang Y. Selection and Identification of an ssDNA Aptamer for Fibroblast Activation Protein. Molecules 2023; 28:1682. [PMID: 36838669 PMCID: PMC9965484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As a type II transmembrane serine protease, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is specifically expressed on the surface of fibroblasts associated with a variety of epithelial-derived malignancies such as pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer. It participates in the processes of tumorigenesis, progression, and immunosuppression. FAP constitutes an important target for tumor treatment; however, the current studies on FAP are mainly related to structural characteristics, enzymatic properties, and biological functions, and aptamers of FAP have not been investigated. In this work, by using recombinant human FAP as the target, five candidate aptamers, which are AptFAP-A1, AptFAP-A2, AptFAP-A3, AptFAP-A4, and AptFAP-A5, were selected by capillary electrophoresis-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (CE-SELEX), and their secondary structures were predicted to be mainly stem-loop. Moreover, the CE-laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) method was used to determine the equilibrium dissociation constant KD values between the FAP protein and candidate aptamers, and the KD value was in the low molar range. Finally, Cy5-labeled aptamers were co-incubated with human pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts highly expressing FAP protein, and confocal microscopy imaging showed that aptamer AptFAP-A4 had the highest affinities with the cells. The FAP aptamers screened in this study provide a promising direction for the development of rapid tumor diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuyan Dai
- Economic College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101125, China
| | - Feng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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23
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Lee IK, Noguera-Ortega E, Xiao Z, Todd L, Scholler J, Song D, Liousia M, Lohith K, Xu K, Edwards KJ, Farwell MD, June CH, Albelda SM, Puré E, Sellmyer MA. Monitoring Therapeutic Response to Anti-FAP CAR T Cells Using [18F]AlF-FAPI-74. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:5330-5342. [PMID: 35972732 PMCID: PMC9771904 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy against hematologic malignancies, successful targeting of solid tumors with CAR T cells has been limited by a lack of durable responses and reports of toxicities. Our understanding of the limited therapeutic efficacy in solid tumors could be improved with quantitative tools that allow characterization of CAR T-targeted antigens in tumors and accurate monitoring of response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used a radiolabeled FAP inhibitor (FAPI) [18F]AlF-FAPI-74 probe to complement ongoing efforts to develop and optimize FAP CAR T cells. The selectivity of the radiotracer for FAP was characterized in vitro, and its ability to monitor changes in FAP expression was evaluated using rodent models of lung cancer. RESULTS [18F]AlF-FAPI-74 showed selective retention in FAP+ cells in vitro, with effective blocking of the uptake in presence of unlabeled FAPI. In vivo, [18F]AlF-FAPI-74 was able to detect FAP expression on tumor cells as well as FAP+ stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment with a high target-to-background ratio. We further demonstrated the utility of the tracer to monitor changes in FAP expression following FAP CAR T-cell therapy, and the PET imaging findings showed a robust correlation with ex vivo analyses. CONCLUSIONS This noninvasive imaging approach to interrogate the tumor microenvironment represents an innovative pairing of a diagnostic PET probe with solid tumor CAR T-cell therapy and has the potential to serve as a predictive and pharmacodynamic response biomarker for FAP as well as other stroma-targeted therapies. A PET imaging approach targeting FAP expressed on activated fibroblasts of the tumor stroma has the potential to predict and monitor therapeutic response to FAP-targeted CAR T-cell therapy. See related commentary by Weber et al., p. 5241.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris K. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Estela Noguera-Ortega
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Zebin Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pensnsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie Todd
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pensnsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Scholler
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Decheng Song
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Liousia
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Katheryn Lohith
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kexiang Xu
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly J. Edwards
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael D. Farwell
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carl H. June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven M. Albelda
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ellen Puré
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pensnsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark A. Sellmyer
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Deparment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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24
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Bockorny B, Grossman JE, Hidalgo M. Facts and Hopes in Immunotherapy of Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4606-4617. [PMID: 35775964 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most challenging cancers to treat. For patients with advanced and metastatic disease, chemotherapy has yielded only modest incremental benefits, which are not durable. Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of other solid tumors by leading to cures where none existed only a decade ago, yet it has made few inroads with PDAC. A host of trials with promising preclinical data have failed, except for in a small minority of patients with selected biomarkers. There is, however, a glimmer of hope, which we seek to cultivate. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the uniquely immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in PDAC, learnings from completed trials of checkpoint inhibitors, TME modifiers, cellular and vaccine therapies, oncolytic viruses, and other novel approaches. We go on to discuss our expectations for improved preclinical models of immunotherapy in PDAC, new approaches to modifying the TME including the myeloid compartment, and emerging biomarkers to better select patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. We also discuss improvements in clinical trial design specific to immunotherapy that will help us better measure success when we find it. Finally, we discuss the urgent imperative to better design and execute bold, but rational, combination trials of novel agents designed to cure patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bockorny
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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25
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Deng D, Patel R, Chiang CY, Hou P. Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Regulating Pancreatic Cancer Therapy Resistance. Cells 2022; 11:2952. [PMID: 36230914 PMCID: PMC9563251 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a notoriously poor prognosis, exhibits persistent drug resistance, and lacks a cure. Unique features of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment exacerbate tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Recent studies emphasize the importance of exploiting cells in the tumor microenvironment to thwart cancers. In this review, we summarize the hallmarks of the multifaceted pancreatic tumor microenvironment, notably pancreatic stellate cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, macrophages, and neutrophils, in the regulation of chemo-, radio-, immuno-, and targeted therapy resistance in pancreatic cancer. The molecular insight will facilitate the development of novel therapeutics against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyong Deng
- Center for Cell Signaling, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Riya Patel
- Center for Cell Signaling, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Cheng-Yao Chiang
- Center for Cell Signaling, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Pingping Hou
- Center for Cell Signaling, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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26
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Zboralski D, Hoehne A, Bredenbeck A, Schumann A, Nguyen M, Schneider E, Ungewiss J, Paschke M, Haase C, von Hacht JL, Kwan T, Lin KK, Lenore J, Harding TC, Xiao J, Simmons AD, Mohan AM, Beindorff N, Reineke U, Smerling C, Osterkamp F. Preclinical evaluation of FAP-2286 for fibroblast activation protein targeted radionuclide imaging and therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:3651-3667. [PMID: 35608703 PMCID: PMC9399058 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a membrane-bound protease that has limited expression in normal adult tissues but is highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment of many solid cancers. FAP-2286 is a FAP-binding peptide coupled to a radionuclide chelator that is currently being investigated in patients as an imaging and therapeutic agent. The potency, selectivity, and efficacy of FAP-2286 were evaluated in preclinical studies. METHODS FAP expression analysis was performed by immunohistochemistry and autoradiography on primary human cancer specimens. FAP-2286 was assessed in biochemical and cellular assays and in in vivo imaging and efficacy studies, and was further evaluated against FAPI-46, a small molecule-based FAP-targeting agent. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry confirmed elevated levels of FAP expression in multiple tumor types including pancreatic, breast, and sarcoma, which correlated with FAP binding by FAP-2286 autoradiography. FAP-2286 and its metal complexes demonstrated high affinity to FAP recombinant protein and cell surface FAP expressed on fibroblasts. Biodistribution studies in mice showed rapid and persistent uptake of 68Ga-FAP-2286, 111In-FAP-2286, and 177Lu-FAP-2286 in FAP-positive tumors, with renal clearance and minimal uptake in normal tissues. 177Lu-FAP-2286 exhibited antitumor activity in FAP-expressing HEK293 tumors and sarcoma patient-derived xenografts, with no significant weight loss. In addition, FAP-2286 maintained longer tumor retention and suppression in comparison to FAPI-46. CONCLUSION In preclinical models, radiolabeled FAP-2286 demonstrated high tumor uptake and retention, as well as potent efficacy in FAP-positive tumors. These results support clinical development of 68Ga-FAP-2286 for imaging and 177Lu-FAP-2286 for therapeutic use in a broad spectrum of FAP-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Zboralski
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Aileen Hoehne
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Bredenbeck
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Schumann
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Jan Ungewiss
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Paschke
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Haase
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan L von Hacht
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Jim Xiao
- Clovis Oncology, Inc, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Ajay-Mohan Mohan
- Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Beindorff
- Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Reineke
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Frank Osterkamp
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Greifenstein L, Kramer CS, Moon ES, Rösch F, Klega A, Landvogt C, Müller C, Baum RP. From Automated Synthesis to In Vivo Application in Multiple Types of Cancer-Clinical Results with [ 68Ga]Ga-DATA 5m.SA.FAPi. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1000. [PMID: 36015148 PMCID: PMC9415298 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled FAPI (fibroblast activation protein inhibitors) recently gained attention as widely applicable imaging and potential therapeutic compounds targeting CAF (cancer-associated fibroblasts) or DAF (disease-associated fibroblasts in benign disorders). Moreover, the use of FAPI has distinct advantages compared to FDG (e.g., increased sensitivity in regions with high glucose metabolism, no need for fasting, and rapid imaging). In this study, we wanted to evaluate the radiochemical synthesis and the clinical properties of the new CAF-targeting tracer [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi. The compound consists of a (radio)chemically easy to use hybrid chelate DATA.SA, which can be labeled at low temperatures, making it an interesting molecule for 'instant kit-type' labeling, and a squaric acid moiety that provides distinct advantages for synthesis and radiolabeling. Our work demonstrates that automatic synthesis of the FAP inhibitor [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi is feasible and reproducible, providing convenient access to this new hybrid chelator-based tracer. Our studies demonstrated the diagnostic usability of [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi for the unambiguous detection of cancer-associated fibroblasts of various carcinomas and their metastases (NSCLC, liposarcoma, parotid tumors, prostate cancer, and pancreas adenocarcinoma), while physiological uptake in brain, liver, intestine, bone, and lungs was very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Greifenstein
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, 65191 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Carsten S. Kramer
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, 65191 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Euy Sung Moon
- Department of Chemistry–TRIGA, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Rösch
- Department of Chemistry–TRIGA, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andre Klega
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, 65191 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Christian Landvogt
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, 65191 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Corinna Müller
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, 65191 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Richard P. Baum
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, 65191 Wiesbaden, Germany
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28
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Papait A, Romoli J, Stefani FR, Chiodelli P, Montresor MC, Agoni L, Silini AR, Parolini O. Fight the Cancer, Hit the CAF! Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153570. [PMID: 35892828 PMCID: PMC9330284 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the last 20 years, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has raised an increasing interest from the therapeutic point of view. Indeed, different strategies targeting either the endothelial or the immune component have been implemented. Furthermore, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) have attracted even more interest due to their ability to prime the TME in order to favor tumor progression and metastasis. This current review provides a comprehensive overview on the latest discoveries regarding CAF, more specifically on their complex characterization and on preclinical studies and clinical trials that target CAF within the TME. Abstract The tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of different cellular components, such as immune and stromal cells, which co-operate in unison to promote tumor progression and metastasis. In the last decade, there has been an increasing focus on one specific component of the TME, the stromal component, often referred to as Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAF). CAF modulate the immune response and alter the composition of the extracellular matrix with a decisive impact on the response to immunotherapies and conventional chemotherapy. The most recent publications based on single-cell analysis have underlined CAF heterogeneity and the unique plasticity that strongly impact the TME. In this review, we focus not only on the characterization of CAF based on the most recent findings, but also on their impact on the immune system. We also discuss clinical trials and preclinical studies where targeting CAF revealed controversial results. Therefore, future efforts should focus on understanding the functional properties of individual subtypes of CAF, taking into consideration the peculiarities of each pathological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Papait
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (J.R.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Romoli
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (J.R.)
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.S.); (P.C.); (A.R.S.)
| | - Francesca Romana Stefani
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.S.); (P.C.); (A.R.S.)
| | - Paola Chiodelli
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.S.); (P.C.); (A.R.S.)
| | | | - Lorenzo Agoni
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Antonietta Rosa Silini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (F.R.S.); (P.C.); (A.R.S.)
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (J.R.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0630154464
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Seifert O, Kontermann RE. GlycoTAIL and FlexiTAIL as Half-Life Extension Modules for Recombinant Antibody Fragments. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103272. [PMID: 35630749 PMCID: PMC9143431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many therapeutic proteins are small in size and are rapidly cleared from circulation. Consequently, half-life extension strategies have emerged to improve pharmacokinetic properties, including fusion or binding to long-lasting serum proteins, chemical modifications with hydrophilic polymers such as PEGylation, or, more recently, fusion to PEG mimetic polypeptides. In the present study, two different PEG mimetic approaches, the GlycoTAIL and the FlexiTAIL, were applied to increase the hydrodynamic radius of antibody fragments of different sizes and valencies, including scFv, diabody, and scFv-EHD2 fusion proteins. The GlycoTAIL and FlexiTAIL sequences of varying lengths are composed of aliphatic and hydrophilic residues, with the GlycoTAIL furthermore comprising N-glycosylation sites. All modified proteins could be produced in a mammalian expression system without reducing stability and antigen binding, and all modified proteins exhibited a prolonged half-life and increased drug disposition in mice. The strongest effects were observed for proteins comprising a FlexiTAIL of 248 residues. Thus, the GlycoTAIL and FlexiTAIL sequences represent a flexible and modular system to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Seifert
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Roland E. Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Menon S, Parakh S, Scott AM, Gan HK. Antibody-drug conjugates: beyond current approvals and potential future strategies. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:252-277. [PMID: 36046842 PMCID: PMC9400743 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent approvals for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in multiple malignancies in recent years have fuelled the ongoing development of this class of drugs. These novel agents combine the benefits of high specific targeting of oncogenic cell surface antigens with the additional cell kill from high potency cytotoxic payloads, thus achieving wider therapeutic windows. This review will summarise the clinical activity of ADCs in tumour types not covered elsewhere in this issue, such as gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) cancers and glioblastoma (GBM). In addition to the ongoing clinical testing of existing ADCs, there is substantial preclinical and early phase testing of newer ADCs or ADC incorporating strategies. This review will provide selected insights into such future development, focusing on the development of novel ADCs against new antigen targets in the tumour microenvironment (TME) and combination of ADCs with immuno-oncology (IO) agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Menon
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Centre at Austin Health, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness & Research Centre, Heidelberg Victoria 3084, Australia;College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Sagun Parakh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Centre at Austin Health, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness & Research Centre, Heidelberg Victoria 3084, Australia;College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Andrew M. Scott
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Centre at Austin Health, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness & Research Centre, Heidelberg Victoria 3084, Australia;College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Hui K. Gan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Centre at Austin Health, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness & Research Centre, Heidelberg Victoria 3084, Australia;College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne Victoria 3086, Australia
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31
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Feng H, Zhu D, Zheng J, Lyu Z, Hu W, Jiang M, Pan Z, Hou T, Li Y. Identification of Candidate Antigens and Immune Subtypes in Colon Cancer for mRNA Vaccine Development. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huolun Feng
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- School of Medicine South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
- Guangdong clinical laboratory center Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Jiabin Zheng
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Zejian Lyu
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Weixian Hu
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Meiyu Jiang
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Zihao Pan
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Tieying Hou
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 China
- School of Medicine South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
- Guangdong clinical laboratory center Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
- Medical Department Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital; Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 China
- School of Medicine South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China
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32
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Ray U, Jung DB, Jin L, Xiao Y, Dasari S, Bhattacharya SS, Thirusangu P, Staub JK, Roy D, Roy B, Weroha SJ, Hou X, Purcell JW, Bakkum-Gamez JN, Kaufmann SH, Kannan N, Mitra AK, Shridhar V. Targeting LRRC15 Inhibits Metastatic Dissemination of Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1038-1054. [PMID: 34654724 PMCID: PMC8930558 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dissemination of ovarian cancer cells can lead to inoperable metastatic lesions in the bowel and omentum that cause patient death. Here we show that LRRC15, a type-I 15-leucine-rich repeat-containing membrane protein, highly overexpressed in ovarian cancer bowel metastases compared with matched primary tumors and acts as a potent promoter of omental metastasis. Complementary models of ovarian cancer demonstrated that LRRC15 expression leads to inhibition of anoikis-induced cell death and promotes adhesion and invasion through matrices that mimic omentum. Mechanistically, LRRC15 interacted with β1-integrin to stimulate activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. As a therapeutic proof of concept, targeting LRRC15 with the specific antibody-drug conjugate ABBV-085 in both early and late metastatic ovarian cancer cell line xenograft models prevented metastatic dissemination, and these results were corroborated in metastatic patient-derived ovarian cancer xenograft models. Furthermore, treatment of 3D-spheroid cultures of LRRC15-positive patient-derived ascites with ABBV-085 reduced cell viability. Overall, these data uncover a role for LRRC15 in promoting ovarian cancer metastasis and suggest a novel and promising therapy to target ovarian cancer metastases. Significance: This study identifies that LRRC15 activates β1-integrin/FAK signaling to promote ovarian cancer metastasis and shows that the LRRC15-targeted antibody-drug conjugate ABBV-085 suppresses ovarian cancer metastasis in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Ray
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Deok-Beom Jung
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,ASAN Biomedical Research Center, Seoul, S. Korea
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yinan Xiao
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Subramanyam Dasari
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Prabhu Thirusangu
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julie K. Staub
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Debarshi Roy
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS, USA
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Xiaonan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James W. Purcell
- Department of Oncology Drug Discovery, AbbVie, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Scott H. Kaufmann
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nagarajan Kannan
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anirban K. Mitra
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to V.S. , Address: 200 First Street SW, 2-46 Stabile, Rochester, MN55905, Contact: 507-266-2775
| | - Viji Shridhar
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to V.S. , Address: 200 First Street SW, 2-46 Stabile, Rochester, MN55905, Contact: 507-266-2775
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33
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Teicher BA, Morris J. Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targets, Drugs and Linkers. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:463-529. [PMID: 35209819 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220224110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates offer the possibility of directing powerful cytotoxic agents to a malignant tumor while sparing normal tissue. The challenge is to select an antibody target expressed exclusively or at highly elevated levels on the surface of tumor cells and either not all or at low levels on normal cells. The current review explores 78 targets that have been explored as antibody-drug conjugate targets. Some of these targets have been abandoned, 9 or more are the targets of FDA-approved drugs, and most remain active clinical interest. Antibody-drug conjugates require potent cytotoxic drug payloads, several of these small molecules are discussed, as are the linkers between the protein component and small molecule components of the conjugates. Finally, conclusions regarding the elements for the successful antibody-drug conjugate are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
| | - Joel Morris
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
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34
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Chen M, Sheu MT, Cheng TL, Roffler SR, Lin SY, Chen YJ, Cheng YA, Cheng JJ, Chang HY, Wu TY, Kao AP, Ho YS, Chuang KH. A novel anti-tumor/anti-tumor-associated fibroblast/anti-mPEG tri-specific antibody to maximize the efficacy of mPEGylated nanomedicines against fibroblast-rich solid tumor. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:202-215. [PMID: 34826322 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01218e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG)-coated nanomedicines in solid tumor treatment is hindered by tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs), which promote tumor progression and form physical barriers. We developed an anti-HER2/anti-FAP/anti-mPEG tri-specific antibody (TsAb) for one-step conversion of mPEG-coated liposomal doxorubicin (Lipo-Dox) to immunoliposomes, which simultaneously target HER2+ breast cancer cells and FAP+ TAFs. The non-covalent modification did not adversely alter the physical characteristics and stability of Lipo-Dox. The TsAb-Lipo-Dox exhibited specific targeting and enhanced cytotoxicity against mono- and co-cultured HER2+ breast cancer cells and FAP+ TAFs, compared to bi-specific antibody (BsAb) modified or unmodified Lipo-Dox. An in vivo model of human breast tumor containing TAFs also revealed the improved tumor accumulation and therapeutic efficacy of TsAb-modified mPEGylated liposomes without signs of toxicity. Our data indicate that arming clinical mPEGylated nanomedicines with the TsAb is a feasible and applicable approach for overcoming the difficulties caused by TAFs in solid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Thau Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Steve R Roffler
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyr-Yi Lin
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jy Cheng
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yun Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Pei Kao
- Stemforce Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Soon Ho
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Ph.D Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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35
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Chardin L, Leary A. Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer: Thinking Beyond PD-1/PD-L1. Front Oncol 2021; 11:795547. [PMID: 34966689 PMCID: PMC8710491 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.795547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, affecting approximately 1 in 70 women with only 45% surviving 5 years after diagnosis. This disease typically presents at an advanced stage, and optimal debulking with platinum-based chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of management. Although most ovarian cancer patients will respond effectively to current management, 70% of them will eventually develop recurrence and novel therapeutic strategies are needed. There is a rationale for immune-oncological treatments (IO) in the managements of patients with OC. Many OC tumors demonstrate tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the degree of TIL infiltration is strongly and reproducibly correlated with survival. Unfortunately, results to date have been disappointing in relapsed OC. Trials have reported very modest single activity with various antibodies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 resulting in response rate ranging from 4% to 15%. This may be due to the highly immunosuppressive TME of the disease, a low tumor mutational burden and low PD-L1 expression. There is an urgent need to improve our understanding of the immune microenvironment in OC in order to develop effective therapies. This review will discuss immune subpopulations in OC microenvironment, current immunotherapy modalities targeting these immune subsets and data from clinical trials testing IO treatments in OC and its combination with other therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Chardin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs Prédictifs et Nouvelles Stratégies Thérapeutiques en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandra Leary
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs Prédictifs et Nouvelles Stratégies Thérapeutiques en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Inserm U981, Biomarqueurs Prédictifs et Nouvelles Stratégies Thérapeutiques en Oncologie, Villejuif, France
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36
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Multiplex Quantitative Analysis of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts, and CD200 in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215501. [PMID: 34771664 PMCID: PMC8583434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is marked by a desmoplastic tumor microenvironment and low tumor immunogenicity, making it difficult for immunotherapy drugs to improve outcomes for patients. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are seen in the tumor microenvironment of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this work, we sought to characterize the expression levels and potential prognostic value of TILs (CD4, CD8, and CD20) and CAFs (Thy-1, FAP, and SMA) in a large retrospective cohort of PDAC patients. Additionally, we investigated the expression levels and prognostic significance of CD200, an immunoinhibitory protein that has shown interest as a potential target for immune checkpoint blockade. We measured the expression levels of these seven proteins with multiplexed immunofluorescence staining and quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF). We found CD8 and FAP to be independent predictors of progression-free survival and overall survival. CD200 was found to be heterogeneously expressed in both the tumor and stromal compartments of PDAC, with the majority of patients having positive stromal expression and negative tumor expression. This work demonstrates the potential clinical utility of CD8 and FAP in PDAC patients, and it sheds light on the expression patterns of CD200 in pancreatic cancer as the protein is being tested as a target for immune checkpoint blockade.
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37
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Hintz HM, Snyder KM, Wu J, Hullsiek R, Dahlvang JD, Hart GT, Walcheck B, LeBeau AM. Simultaneous Engagement of Tumor and Stroma Targeting Antibodies by Engineered NK-92 Cells Expressing CD64 Controls Prostate Cancer Growth. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1270-1282. [PMID: 34452926 PMCID: PMC9119026 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has been largely resistant to immunotherapy. Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that detect and kill transformed cells without prior sensitization, and their infiltration into prostate tumors corresponds with an increased overall survival among patients with mCRPC. We sought to harness this knowledge to develop an approach to NK-cell based immunotherapy for mCRPC. We engineered an NK cell line (NK-92MI) to express CD64, the sole human high-affinity IgG Fcγ receptor (FcγR1), and bound these cells with antibodies to provide interchangeable tumor-targeting elements. NK-92MICD64 cells were evaluated for cell-activation mechanisms and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). A combination of mAbs was used to target the prostate tumor antigen tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TROP2) and the cancer-associated fibroblast marker fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP). We found that CD64, which is normally expressed by myeloid cells and associates with the adaptor molecule FcRγ, can be expressed by NK-92MI cells and mediate ADCC through an association with CD3ζ. Cytotoxicity from the combination approach was two-fold higher compared to treatment with NK-92MICD64 cells and either mAb alone, and seven-fold higher than NK-92MICD64 cells alone at an effector-target cell ratio of 20:1. The cytotoxic effect was lost when using isotype control antibodies, indicating a selective targeting mechanism. The combination approach demonstrated efficacy in vivo as well and significantly reduced tumor growth compared with the saline control. This combination therapy presents a potential approach for treating mCRPC and could improve immunotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie M Hintz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kristin M Snyder
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - Robert Hullsiek
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota
| | - James D Dahlvang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Geoffrey T Hart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bruce Walcheck
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota.
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron M LeBeau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Imlimthan S, Moon ES, Rathke H, Afshar-Oromieh A, Rösch F, Rominger A, Gourni E. New Frontiers in Cancer Imaging and Therapy Based on Radiolabeled Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitors: A Rational Review and Current Progress. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1023. [PMID: 34681246 PMCID: PMC8540221 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has become a new paradigm of cancer diagnosis and therapy due to its unique biological features, mainly the interconnection between cancer and stromal cells. Within the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) demonstrate as one of the most critical stromal cells that regulate tumor cell growth, progression, immunosuppression, and metastasis. CAFs are identified by various biomarkers that are expressed on their surfaces, such as fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which could be utilized as a useful target for diagnostic imaging and treatment. One of the advantages of targeting FAP-expressing CAFs is the absence of FAP expression in quiescent fibroblasts, leading to a controlled targetability of diagnostic and therapeutic compounds to the malignant tumor stromal area using radiolabeled FAP-based ligands. FAP-based radiopharmaceuticals have been investigated strenuously for the visualization of malignancies and delivery of theranostic radiopharmaceuticals to the TME. This review provides an overview of the state of the art in TME compositions, particularly CAFs and FAP, and their roles in cancer biology. Moreover, relevant reports on radiolabeled FAP inhibitors until the year 2021 are highlighted-as well as the current limitations, challenges, and requirements for those radiolabeled FAP inhibitors in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surachet Imlimthan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (S.I.); (H.R.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Euy Sung Moon
- Department of Chemistry—TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg—University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (E.S.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Hendrik Rathke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (S.I.); (H.R.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Ali Afshar-Oromieh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (S.I.); (H.R.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Frank Rösch
- Department of Chemistry—TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg—University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (E.S.M.); (F.R.)
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (S.I.); (H.R.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
| | - Eleni Gourni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (S.I.); (H.R.); (A.A.-O.); (A.R.)
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Franchi-Mendes T, Eduardo R, Domenici G, Brito C. 3D Cancer Models: Depicting Cellular Crosstalk within the Tumour Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4610. [PMID: 34572836 PMCID: PMC8468887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment plays a critical role in tumour progression and drug resistance processes. Non-malignant cell players, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells and others, interact with each other and with the tumour cells, shaping the disease. Though the role of each cell type and cell communication mechanisms have been progressively studied, the complexity of this cellular network and its role in disease mechanism and therapeutic response are still being unveiled. Animal models have been mainly used, as they can represent systemic interactions and conditions, though they face recognized limitations in translational potential due to interspecies differences. In vitro 3D cancer models can surpass these limitations, by incorporating human cells, including patient-derived ones, and allowing a range of experimental designs with precise control of each tumour microenvironment element. We summarize the role of each tumour microenvironment component and review studies proposing 3D co-culture strategies of tumour cells and non-malignant cell components. Moreover, we discuss the potential of these modelling approaches to uncover potential therapeutic targets in the tumour microenvironment and assess therapeutic efficacy, current bottlenecks and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Franchi-Mendes
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Eduardo
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Giacomo Domenici
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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Kasperska A, Borowczak J, Szczerbowski K, Stec E, Ahmadi N, Szylber Ł. Current challenges in targeting tumor desmoplasia to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:919-931. [PMID: 34525931 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210825101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Desmoplasia is crucial for the development, progression and treatment of immune-resistant malignancies. and treatment of immune-resistant malignancies. Targeting desmoplasia-related metabolic pathways appears to be an interesting approach to expand our stock of disposable anti-tumor agents.CXCL12/CXCR4 axis inhibition reduces fibrosis, alleviates immunosuppression and significantly enhances the efficacy of PD-1 immunotherapy. CD40L substitute therapy may increase the activity of T-cells, downregulate CD40+, prolong patients' survival and prevent cancer progression. Although FAPα antagonists used in preclinical models did not lead to permanent cure, an alleviation of immune-resistance, modification of desmoplasia and a decrease in angiogenesis were observed. Targeting DDR2 may enhance the effect of anti-PD-1 treatment in multiple neoplasm cell lines and has the ability to overcome the adaptation to BRAF-targeted therapy in melanoma. Reprogramming desmoplasia could potentially cooperate not only with present treatment, but also other potential therapeutic targets. We present the most promising metabolic pathways related to desmoplasia and discuss the emerging strategies to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kasperska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun. Poland
| | - Jędrzej Borowczak
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun. Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczerbowski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun. Poland
| | - Ewa Stec
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun. Poland
| | - Navid Ahmadi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge. United Kingdom
| | - Łukasz Szylber
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun. Poland
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Maia A, Wiemann S. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Implications for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3526. [PMID: 34298736 PMCID: PMC8307167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour cells do not exist as an isolated entity. Instead, they are surrounded by and closely interact with cells of the environment they are emerged in. The tumour microenvironment (TME) is not static and several factors, including cancer cells and therapies, have been described to modulate several of its components. Fibroblasts are key elements of the TME with the capacity to influence tumour progression, invasion and response to therapy, which makes them attractive targets in cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on fibroblasts and their numerous roles in the TME with a special attention to recent findings describing their heterogeneity and role in therapy response. Furthermore, we explore how different therapies can impact these cells and their communication with cancer cells. Finally, we highlight potential strategies targeting this cell type that can be employed for improving patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maia
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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42
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Pfeifer E, Burchell JM, Dazzi F, Sarker D, Beatson R. Apoptosis in the Pancreatic Cancer Tumor Microenvironment-The Double-Edged Sword of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071653. [PMID: 34359823 PMCID: PMC8305815 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with poor prognosis. This is attributed to the disease already being advanced at presentation and having a particularly aggressive tumor biology. The PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by a dense desmoplastic stroma, dominated by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), extracellular matrix (ECM) and immune cells displaying immunosuppressive phenotypes. Due to the advanced stage at diagnosis, the depletion of immune effector cells and lack of actionable genomic targets, the standard treatment is still apoptosis-inducing regimens such as chemotherapy. Paradoxically, it has emerged that the direct induction of apoptosis of cancer cells may fuel oncogenic processes in the TME, including education of CAF and immune cells towards pro-tumorigenic phenotypes. The direct effect of cytotoxic therapies on CAF may also enhance tumorigenesis. With the awareness that CAF are the predominant cell type in PDAC driving tumorigenesis with various tumor supportive functions, efforts have been made to try to target them. However, efforts to target CAF have, to date, shown disappointing results in clinical trials. With the help of sophisticated single cell analyses it is now appreciated that CAF in PDAC are a heterogenous population with both tumor supportive and tumor suppressive functions. Hence, there remains a debate whether targeting CAF in PDAC is a valid therapeutic strategy. In this review we discuss how cytotoxic therapies and the induction of apoptosis in PDAC fuels oncogenesis by the education of surrounding stromal cells, with a particular focus on the potential pro-tumorigenic outcomes arising from targeting CAF. In addition, we explore therapeutic avenues to potentially avoid the oncogenic effects of apoptosis in PDAC CAF.
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Baum RP, Schuchardt C, Singh A, Chantadisai M, Robiller FC, Zhang J, Mueller D, Eismant A, Almaguel F, Zboralski D, Osterkamp F, Hoehne A, Reineke U, Smerling C, Kulkarni HR. Feasibility, Biodistribution and Preliminary Dosimetry in Peptide-Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (PTRT) of Diverse Adenocarcinomas using 177Lu-FAP-2286: First-in-Human Results. J Nucl Med 2021; 63:415-423. [PMID: 34168013 PMCID: PMC8978187 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.259192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a promising target for diagnosis and therapy of numerous malignant tumors. FAP-2286 is the conjugate of a FAP-binding peptide, which can be labeled with radionuclides for theranostic applications. We present the first-in-human results using 177Lu-FAP-2286 for peptide-targeted radionuclide therapy (PTRT). Methods: PTRT using 177Lu-FAP-2286 was performed in 11 patients with advanced adenocarcinomas of pancreas, breast, rectum and ovary after prior confirmation of uptake on 68Ga-FAP-2286/-FAPI-04- PET/CT. Results: Administration of 177Lu-FAP-2286 (5.8 ± 2.0 GBq; range, 2.4-9.9 GBq) was well tolerated, with no adverse symptoms or clinically detectable pharmacologic effects being noticed or reported in any of the patients. The whole-body effective doses were 0.07 ± 0.02 Gy/GBq (range 0.04 - 0.1). The mean absorbed doses for kidneys and red marrow were 1.0 ± 0.6 Gy/GBq (range 0.4 - 2.0) and 0.05 ± 0.02 Gy/GBq (range 0.03 - 0.09), respectively. Significant uptake and long tumor retention of 177Lu-FAP-2286 resulted in high absorbed tumor doses, e.g., 3.0 ± 2.7 Gy/GBq (range 0.5 - 10.6) in bone metastases. No grade (G) 4 adverse events were observed. G3 events occurred in 3 patients - 1 pancytopenia, 1 leukocytopenia and 1 pain flare-up; 3 patients reported pain-response. Conclusion: 177Lu-FAP-2286 PTRT, applied in a broad spectrum of cancers, was relatively well-tolerated with acceptable side effects and demonstrated long retention of the radiopeptide. Prospective clinical studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Baum
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, Germany
| | | | | | - Maythinee Chantadisai
- Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society
| | | | - Jingjing Zhang
- THERANOSTICS Center for Molecular Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging, Zentralklinik Bad Berka
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Jin KT, Du WL, Lan HR, Liu YY, Mao CS, Du JL, Mou XZ. Development of humanized mouse with patient-derived xenografts for cancer immunotherapy studies: A comprehensive review. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2592-2606. [PMID: 33938090 PMCID: PMC8253285 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, however, not all tumor types and patients are completely responsive to this approach. Establishing predictive pre-clinical models would allow for more accurate and practical immunotherapeutic drug development. Mouse models are extensively used as in vivo system for biomedical research. However, due to the significant differences between rodents and human, it is impossible to translate most of the findings from mouse models to human. Pharmacological development and advancing personalized medicine using patient-derived xenografts relies on producing mouse models in which murine cells and genes are substituted with their human equivalent. Humanized mice (HM) provide a suitable platform to evaluate xenograft growth in the context of a human immune system. In this review, we discussed recent advances in the generation and application of HM models. We also reviewed new insights into the basic mechanisms, pre-clinical evaluation of onco-immunotherapies, current limitations in the application of these models as well as available improvement strategies. Finally, we pointed out some issues for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Wen-Lin Du
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Yu-Yao Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Chun-Sen Mao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jin-Lin Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Ruiz de Porras V, Pardo JC, Notario L, Etxaniz O, Font A. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Promising Treatment Option for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094712. [PMID: 33946818 PMCID: PMC8124759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2010, several treatment options have been available for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), including immunotherapeutic agents, although the clinical benefit of these agents remains inconclusive in unselected mCRPC patients. In recent years, however, immunotherapy has re-emerged as a promising therapeutic option to stimulate antitumor immunity, particularly with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors. There is increasing evidence that ICIs may be especially beneficial in specific subgroups of patients with high PD-L1 tumor expression, high tumor mutational burden, or tumors with high microsatellite instability/mismatch repair deficiency. If we are to improve the efficacy of ICIs, it is crucial to have a better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to ICIs and to identify predictive biomarkers to determine which patients are most likely to benefit. This review focuses on the current status of ICIs for the treatment of mCRPC (either as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs), mechanisms of resistance, potential predictive biomarkers, and future challenges in the management of mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicenç Ruiz de Porras
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.C.P.); (L.N.); (O.E.)
- Correspondence: (V.R.d.P.); (A.F.); Tel.: +34-93-554-6301 (V.R.d.P.); +34-93-497-8925 (A.F.); Fax: +34-93-497-8950 (A.F.)
| | - Juan Carlos Pardo
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.C.P.); (L.N.); (O.E.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Lucia Notario
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.C.P.); (L.N.); (O.E.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Olatz Etxaniz
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.C.P.); (L.N.); (O.E.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Albert Font
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.C.P.); (L.N.); (O.E.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra. Can Ruti-Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.R.d.P.); (A.F.); Tel.: +34-93-554-6301 (V.R.d.P.); +34-93-497-8925 (A.F.); Fax: +34-93-497-8950 (A.F.)
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46
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Labiano S, Roh V, Godfroid C, Hiou-Feige A, Romero J, Sum E, Rapp M, Boivin G, Wyss T, Simon C, Bourhis J, Umaña P, Trumpfheller C, Tolstonog GV, Vozenin MC, Romero P. CD40 Agonist Targeted to Fibroblast Activation Protein α Synergizes with Radiotherapy in Murine HPV-Positive Head and Neck Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4054-4065. [PMID: 33903200 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence of human papillomavirus-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+-HNSCC) is rising worldwide and although current therapeutic modalities are efficient in the majority of patients, there is a high rate of treatment failures. Thus, novel combination approaches are urgently needed to achieve better disease control in patients with HPV+-HNSCC. We investigated the safety and therapeutic efficacy of a novel fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeted CD40 agonist (FAP-CD40) in combination with local hypofractionated radiation in a syngeneic HPV+-HNSCC model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using an established orthotopic model, we treated tumor-bearing mice with local hypofractionated radiotherapy (2 × 6 Gy) alone or in combination with a systemic administration of the FAP-CD40 antibody. Following up the mice, we evaluated the changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by immunofluorescence, FACS, and NanoString RNA analysis. RESULTS The suboptimal radiotherapy regimen chosen failed to control tumors in the treated mice. The FAP-CD40 administered in monotherapy transiently controlled tumor growth, whereas the combined therapy induced durable complete responses in more than 80% of the tumor-bearing mice. This notable efficacy relied on the radiotherapy-induced remodeling of the TME and activation of the CD8+ T-cell-cDC1 axis and was devoid of the systemic toxicity frequently associated with CD40-targeted therapy. Moreover, the robust immunologic memory developed effectively prevented tumor relapses, a common feature in patients with HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides proof of concept, as well as mechanistic insights of the therapeutic efficacy of a bispecific FAP-CD40 combined with local radiotherapy in a FAP+-HNSCC model increasing overall survival and inducing long-term antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Labiano
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Roh
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Godfroid
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Agnès Hiou-Feige
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jackeline Romero
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology. Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eva Sum
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Rapp
- Roche Innovation Center Munich (RICM), pRED, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Gael Boivin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology. Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tania Wyss
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Simon
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean Bourhis
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology. Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christine Trumpfheller
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Genrich V Tolstonog
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology. Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Mezawa Y, Orimo A. Phenotypic heterogeneity, stability and plasticity in tumor-promoting carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. FEBS J 2021; 289:2429-2447. [PMID: 33786982 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are essential for full-blown tumor development. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the TME together with a wide variety of stromal cell types including vascular, inflammatory, and immune cells in the extracellular matrix. CAFs not only promote tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis, but also dampen the efficacy of various therapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors. CAFs are composed of distinct fibroblast populations presumably with diverse activated fibroblastic states and tumor-promoting phenotypes in a tumor, indicating intratumor heterogeneity in these fibroblasts. Given that CAFs have been implicated in both disease progression and therapeutic responses, elucidating the functional roles of each fibroblast population in CAFs and the molecular mechanisms mediating their phenotypic stability and plasticity in the TME would be crucial for understanding tumor biology. We herein discuss how distinct fibroblast populations comprising CAFs establish their cell identities, in terms of cells-of-origin, stimuli from the TME, and the phenotypes characteristic of activated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Mezawa
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Barrett RL, Puré E. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and their influence on tumor immunity and immunotherapy. eLife 2020; 9:57243. [PMID: 33370234 PMCID: PMC7769568 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts play an essential role in organogenesis and the integrity of tissue architecture and function. Growth in most solid tumors is dependent upon remodeling 'stroma', composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM), which plays a critical role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Recent studies have clearly established that the potent immunosuppressive activity of stroma is a major mechanism by which stroma can promote tumor progression and confer resistance to immune-based therapies. Herein, we review recent advances in identifying the stroma-dependent mechanisms that regulate cancer-associated inflammation and antitumor immunity, in particular, the interactions between fibroblasts and immune cells. We also review the potential mechanisms by which stroma can confer resistance to immune-based therapies for solid tumors and current advancements in stroma-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Puré
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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49
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Adityan S, Tran M, Bhavsar C, Wu SY. Nano-therapeutics for modulating the tumour microenvironment: Design, development, and clinical translation. J Control Release 2020; 327:512-532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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