1
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Hussain N, Muccee F. In-silico characterization of GABAT protein found in gut-brain axis associated bacteria of healthy individuals and multiple sclerosis patients. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103939. [PMID: 38352114 PMCID: PMC10859293 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination of neurons. There is evidence to suggest that level of a neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), due to the degradation by γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABAT), is reduced in certain areas of the brain in MS patients. MS is always accompanied by gut bacteria dysbiosis. In healthy individuals, Faecalibacterium sp. while in MS patients A. calcoaceticus, Clostridium sp. and S. typhimurium are found abundantly. Although all these microbes produce GABAT but only in MS patients this enzyme significantly degrades GABA. Objective Present study is an attempt to characterize the GABAT protein sequences of these bacteria. Methodology Sequences of GABAT protein were retrieved from Uniprot database. Sequences were analyzed by Protparam, Gneg-mPLoc, SOSUI, PFP-FunDSeqE, Pepwheel program, PROTEUS and Alphafold and SAVES servers, MEME suite and HDOCK server. Results In healthy individuals gastrointestinal tract (GIT) bacteria, GABAT protein was present in inner-membrane with α helix content (61 and 62%) and β sheet content (5%), 4-helical cytokines functional domains. It has greater number of B-cell epitopes and more complex 3D configuration as compared to MS patients GIT bacterial enzymes. Conclusion Present study might enable us to modify the GABAT encoding gene and enzyme through site-directed mutagenesis in pathogenic bacteria thus reducing their potential of causing MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain Campus, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi Campus, Abu Dhabi P. O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatima Muccee
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Punjab, Lahore 52254, Pakistan
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2
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Jank L, Bhargava P. Relationship Between Multiple Sclerosis, Gut Dysbiosis, and Inflammation: Considerations for Treatment. Neurol Clin 2024; 42:55-76. [PMID: 37980123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is associated with gut dysbiosis, marked by changes in the relative abundances of specific microbes, circulating gut-derived metabolites, and altered gut permeability. This gut dysbiosis promotes disease pathology by increasing circulating proinflammatory bacterial factors, reducing tolerogenic factors, inducing molecular mimicry, and changing microbial nutrient metabolism. Beneficial antiinflammatory effects of the microbiome can be harnessed in therapeutic interventions. In the future, it is essential to assess the efficacy of these therapies in randomized controlled clinical trials to help make dietary and gut dysbiosis management an integral part of multiple sclerosis care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Jank
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 6-144, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 6-144, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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3
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Ichikawa M, Okada H, Nakamoto N, Taniki N, Chu PS, Kanai T. The gut-liver axis in hepatobiliary diseases. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:2. [PMID: 38191517 PMCID: PMC10773109 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the analysis of intestinal bacteria have led to reports of variations in intestinal bacterial levels among hepatobiliary diseases. The mechanisms behind the changes in intestinal bacteria in various hepatobiliary diseases include the abnormal composition of intestinal bacteria, weakening of the intestinal barrier, and bacterial translocation outside the intestinal tract, along with their metabolites, but many aspects remain unresolved. Further research employing clinical studies and animal models is expected to clarify the direct relationship between intestinal bacteria and hepatobiliary diseases and to validate the utility of intestinal bacteria as a diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target. This review summarizes the involvement of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary diseases via the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Ichikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
| | - Haruka Okada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan.
| | - Nobuhito Taniki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
| | - Po-Sung Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan.
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4
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Peng HR, Qiu JQ, Zhou QM, Zhang YK, Chen QY, Yin YQ, Su W, Yu S, Wang YT, Cai Y, Gu MN, Zhang HH, Sun QQ, Hu G, Wu YW, Liu J, Chen S, Zhu ZJ, Song XY, Zhou JW. Intestinal epithelial dopamine receptor signaling drives sex-specific disease exacerbation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Immunity 2023; 56:2773-2789.e8. [PMID: 37992711 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Although the gut microbiota can influence central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune diseases, the contribution of the intestinal epithelium to CNS autoimmunity is less clear. Here, we showed that intestinal epithelial dopamine D2 receptors (IEC DRD2) promoted sex-specific disease progression in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Female mice lacking Drd2 selectively in intestinal epithelial cells showed a blunted inflammatory response in the CNS and reduced disease progression. In contrast, overexpression or activation of IEC DRD2 by phenylethylamine administration exacerbated disease severity. This was accompanied by altered lysozyme expression and gut microbiota composition, including reduced abundance of Lactobacillus species. Furthermore, treatment with N2-acetyl-L-lysine, a metabolite derived from Lactobacillus, suppressed microglial activation and neurodegeneration. Taken together, our study indicates that IEC DRD2 hyperactivity impacts gut microbial abundances and increases susceptibility to CNS autoimmune diseases in a female-biased manner, opening up future avenues for sex-specific interventions of CNS autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Rong Peng
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia-Qian Qiu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qin-Ming Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu-Kai Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yan-Qing Yin
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wen Su
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shui Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuping Cai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ming-Na Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hao-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qing-Qing Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yi-Wen Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Xin-Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Jia-Wei Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 201210, China; Innovation Center of Neurodegeneration, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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5
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Bianchimano P, Iwanowski K, Smith EM, Cantor A, Leone P, Bongers G, Gonzalez CG, Hongsup Y, Elias J, Weiner HL, Clemente JC, Tankou SK. Oral vancomycin treatment suppresses gut trypsin activity and preserves intestinal barrier function during EAE. iScience 2023; 26:108143. [PMID: 37915599 PMCID: PMC10616394 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported increased intestinal permeability in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and its mouse model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the mechanisms driving increased intestinal permeability that in turn exacerbate neuroinflammation during EAE remain unclear. Here we showed that vancomycin preserved the integrity of the intestinal barrier, while also suppressing gut trypsin activity, enhancing the relative abundance of specific Lactobacilli and ameliorating disease during EAE. Furthermore, Lactobacilli enriched in the gut of vancomycin-treated EAE mice at day 3 post immunization negatively correlated with gut trypsin activity and EAE severity. In untreated EAE mice, we observed increased intestinal permeability and increased intestinal protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) expression at day 3 post immunization. Prior studies have shown that trypsin increases intestinal permeability by activating PAR2. Our results suggest that the interaction between intestinal PAR2 and trypsin may be a key modulator of intestinal permeability and disease severity during EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bianchimano
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kacper Iwanowski
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma M. Smith
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Cantor
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paola Leone
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerold Bongers
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos G. Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yoon Hongsup
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Hospital and Biomedical Center of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Martinsried, Germany
- Hertie Senior Professor Group, Max-Plank-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Joshua Elias
- Mass Spectrometry Platform, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Howard L. Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose C. Clemente
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie K. Tankou
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Neziraj T, Siewert L, Pössnecker E, Pröbstel AK. Therapeutic targeting of gut-originating regulatory B cells in neuroinflammatory diseases. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250033. [PMID: 37624875 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are immunosuppressive cells that support immunological tolerance by the production of IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β. Bregs arise from different developmental stages in response to inflammatory stimuli. In that regard, mounting evidence points towards a direct influence of gut microbiota on mucosal B cell development, activation, and regulation in health and disease. While an increasing number of diseases are associated with alterations in gut microbiome (dysbiosis), little is known about the role of microbiota on Breg development and induction in neuroinflammatory disorders. Notably, gut-originating, IL-10- and IgA-producing regulatory plasma cells have recently been demonstrated to egress from the gut to suppress inflammation in the CNS raising fundamental questions about the triggers and functions of mucosal-originating Bregs in systemic inflammation. Advancing our understanding of Bregs in neuroinflammatory diseases could lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize the main aspects of Breg differentiation and functions and evidence about their involvement in neuroinflammatory diseases. Further, we highlight current data of gut-originating Bregs and their microbial interactions and discuss future microbiota-regulatory B cell-targeted therapies in immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tradite Neziraj
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lena Siewert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Pössnecker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Xu M, Wu T, Li Z, Xin G. Influence of genetically predicted autoimmune diseases on NAFLD. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1229570. [PMID: 37767101 PMCID: PMC10520707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the emerging cause of end-stage liver disease, is the most common liver disease. Determining the independent risk factors of NAFLD and patients who need more monitoring is important. Methods Two-Sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed in the analysis to investigate the causal association of different autoimmune diseases with NAFLD using summary level data. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 5 autoimmune diseases including celiac disease (CeD), Crohn's disease (CD), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and type 1 diabetes (T1D) were selected for Instrument variables (IVs). NAFLD was included as outcome. Result After adjusting for confounding factors, genetic predisposition of CeD (OR= 0.973, [0.949,0.997], IVW p-value=0.026), MS (OR= 1.048, [1.012,1.085], IVW p-value= 0.008), RA (OR= 1.036, [1.006,1.066], IVW p-value=0.019), T1D (OR= 1.039, [1.002,1.079], IVW p-value= 0.041) is causally associated with NAFLD. No causal effect was found between CD and NAFLD. Conclusion CeD itself may be a protective factor for NAFLD, the results of previous observational studies have been influenced by confounding factors, and the morbidity of NAFLD may be higher in patients with MS, RA, and T1D than in common populations, and monitoring the prevalence of NAFLD in these populations is considerable.
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8
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Fialova L, Barilly P, Stetkarova I, Bartos A, Noskova L, Zimova D, Zido M, Hoffmanova I. Impaired intestinal permeability in patients with multiple sclerosis. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2023. [PMID: 37581230 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of recent studies have shown that the intestinal microbiome, part of the brain-gut axis, is implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. An essential part of this axis, is the intestinal barrier and gastrointestinal disorders with intestinal barrier dysregulation appear to be linked to CNS demyelination, and hence involved in the etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the integrity of the intestinal barrier in patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) using two serum biomarkers, claudin-3 (CLDN3), a component of tight epithelial junctions, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), a cytosolic protein in enterocytes. METHODS Serum levels of CLDN3 in 37 MS patients and 22 controls, and serum levels of I-FABP in 46 MS patients and 51 controls were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Complete laboratory tests excluded the presence of gluten-related disorders in all subjects. Thirty MS patients received either disease-modifying drugs (DMD), immunosuppression (IS) or corticosteroid treatment. RESULTS CLDN3 levels were only significantly higher in the MS patients treated with DMD or IS compared to the control group (P=0.006). There were no differences in I-FABP serum levels between the groups. Serum CLDN3 levels did not correlate with serum I-FABP levels in CDMS, in CIS patients or controls. CONCLUSIONS In multiple sclerosis patients, the intestinal epithelium may be impaired with increased permeability, but without significant enterocyte damage characterized by intracellular protein leakage. Based on our data, CLDN3 serum levels appear to assess intestinal dysfunction in MS patients but mainly in treated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Fialova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Barilly
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Stetkarova
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Bartos
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libuse Noskova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Zimova
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Zido
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Hoffmanova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol in Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Horowitz A, Chanez-Paredes SD, Haest X, Turner JR. Paracellular permeability and tight junction regulation in gut health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023:10.1038/s41575-023-00766-3. [PMID: 37186118 PMCID: PMC10127193 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tight junctions define the paracellular permeability of the intestinal barrier. Molecules can cross the tight junctions via two distinct size-selective and charge-selective paracellular pathways: the pore pathway and the leak pathway. These can be distinguished by their selectivities and differential regulation by immune cells. However, permeability increases measured in most studies are secondary to epithelial damage, which allows non-selective flux via the unrestricted pathway. Restoration of increased unrestricted pathway permeability requires mucosal healing. By contrast, tight junction barrier loss can be reversed by targeted interventions. Specific approaches are needed to restore pore pathway or leak pathway permeability increases. Recent studies have used preclinical disease models to demonstrate the potential of pore pathway or leak pathway barrier restoration in disease. In this Review, we focus on the two paracellular flux pathways that are dependent on the tight junction. We discuss the latest evidence that highlights tight junction components, structures and regulatory mechanisms, their impact on gut health and disease, and opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Horowitz
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Sandra D Chanez-Paredes
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xenia Haest
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Pellegrino A, Coppola G, Santopaolo F, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Role of Akkermansia in Human Diseases: From Causation to Therapeutic Properties. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081815. [PMID: 37111034 PMCID: PMC10142179 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the modulation of host metabolism and immune response, and its impairment has been implicated in many gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Current evidence shows the well-documented role of A. muciniphila in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier, modulating the host immune response, and improving several metabolic pathways, making it a key element in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. In this scenario, A. muciniphila is the most promising next-generation probiotic and one of the first microbial species suitable for specific clinical use when compared with traditional probiotics. Further studies are needed to provide more accurate insight into its mechanisms of action and to better elucidate its properties in several major areas, paving the way for a more integrated and personalized therapeutic approach that finally makes the most of our knowledge of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pellegrino
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Coppola
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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11
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Treatment with the Olive Secoiridoid Oleacein Protects against the Intestinal Alterations Associated with EAE. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054977. [PMID: 36902407 PMCID: PMC10003427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a CNS inflammatory demyelinating disease. Recent investigations highlight the gut-brain axis as a communication network with crucial implications in neurological diseases. Thus, disrupted intestinal integrity allows the translocation of luminal molecules into systemic circulation, promoting systemic/brain immune-inflammatory responses. In both, MS and its preclinical model, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) gastrointestinal symptoms including "leaky gut" have been reported. Oleacein (OLE), a phenolic compound from extra virgin olive oil or olive leaves, harbors a wide range of therapeutic properties. Previously, we showed OLE effectiveness preventing motor defects and inflammatory damage of CNS tissues on EAE mice. The current studies examine its potential protective effects on intestinal barrier dysfunction using MOG35-55-induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice. OLE decreased EAE-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the intestine, preventing tissue injury and permeability alterations. OLE protected from EAE-induced superoxide anion and accumulation of protein and lipid oxidation products in colon, also enhancing its antioxidant capacity. These effects were accompanied by reduced colonic IL-1β and TNFα levels in OLE-treated EAE mice, whereas the immunoregulatory cytokines IL-25 and IL-33 remained unchanged. Moreover, OLE protected the mucin-containing goblet cells in colon and the serum levels of iFABP and sCD14, markers that reflect loss of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and low-grade systemic inflammation, were significantly reduced. These effects on intestinal permeability did not draw significant differences on the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. However, OLE induced an EAE-independent raise in the abundance of Akkermansiaceae family. Consistently, using Caco-2 cells as an in vitro model, we confirmed that OLE protected against intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by harmful mediators present in both EAE and MS. This study proves that the protective effect of OLE in EAE also involves normalizing the gut alterations associated to the disease.
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Tsai K, Ma C, Han X, Allaire J, Healey GR, Crowley SM, Yu H, Jacobson K, Xia L, Priatel JJ, Vallance BA. Highly Sensitive, Flow Cytometry-Based Measurement of Intestinal Permeability in Models of Experimental Colitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:425-438. [PMID: 36244647 PMCID: PMC9791122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Increased intestinal permeability is seen in a variety of inflammatory conditions such as enteric infections and inflammatory bowel disease. Because barrier function can provide a key biomarker of disease severity, it often is assayed in animal models. A common methodology involves gavaging mice with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran (FITC-D), followed by cardiac puncture to assay plasma fluorescence on a spectrophotometer. Although the FITC-D method is relatively simple, its sensitivity is limited and enables only a single measurement because the test requires killing the subject. Herein, we describe a novel flow cytometry-based method of intestinal permeability measurement based on detection of orally gavaged ovalbumin (OVA) that leaks out of the gut. Our approach uses minute blood volumes collected from the tail vein, permitting repeated testing of the same subject at multiple time points. By comparing this assay against the gold standard FITC-D method, we show the expanded utility of our OVA assay in measuring intestinal permeability. METHODS We directly compared our OVA assay against the FITC-D assay by co-administering both probes orally to the same animals and subsequently using their respective methodologies to measure intestinal permeability by detecting probe levels in the plasma. Permeability was assessed in mice genetically deficient in intestinal mucus production or glycosylation. In addition, wild-type mice undergoing dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis or infected by the enteric bacterial pathogen Citrobacter rodentium also were tested. RESULTS The OVA assay showed very high efficacy in all animal models of intestinal barrier dysfunction tested. Besides identifying intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice with impaired mucin glycosylation, the assay also allowed for repeated tracking of intestinal permeability within the same animal over time, providing data that cannot be easily acquired with other currently applied methods. CONCLUSIONS The OVA assay is a highly sensitive and effective method of measuring intestinal permeability in mouse models of barrier dysfunction and experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tsai
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Caixia Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joannie Allaire
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Genelle R Healey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shauna M Crowley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hongbing Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - John J Priatel
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Alvarez-Sanchez N, Dunn SE. Potential biological contributers to the sex difference in multiple sclerosis progression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1175874. [PMID: 37122747 PMCID: PMC10140530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1175874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease that targets the myelin sheath of central nervous system (CNS) neurons leading to axon injury, neuronal death, and neurological progression. Though women are more highly susceptible to developing MS, men that develop this disease exhibit greater cognitive impairment and accumulate disability more rapidly than women. Magnetic resonance imaging and pathology studies have revealed that the greater neurological progression seen in males correlates with chronic immune activation and increased iron accumulation at the rims of chronic white matter lesions as well as more intensive whole brain and grey matter atrophy and axon loss. Studies in humans and in animal models of MS suggest that male aged microglia do not have a higher propensity for inflammation, but may become more re-active at the rim of white matter lesions as a result of the presence of pro-inflammatory T cells, greater astrocyte activation or iron release from oligodendrocytes in the males. There is also evidence that remyelination is more efficient in aged female than aged male rodents and that male neurons are more susceptible to oxidative and nitrosative stress. Both sex chromosome complement and sex hormones contribute to these sex differences in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Alvarez-Sanchez
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon E. Dunn
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Shannon E. Dunn,
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Neurorehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis-A Review of Present Approaches and Future Considerations. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237003. [PMID: 36498578 PMCID: PMC9739865 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an increasingly prevalent disease, representing the leading cause of non-traumatic neurological disease in Europe and North America. The most common symptoms include gait deficits, balance and coordination impairments, fatigue, spasticity, dysphagia and an overactive bladder. Neurorehabilitation therapeutic approaches aim to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life through promoting positive immunological transformations and neuroplasticity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current treatments for the most debilitating symptoms in multiple sclerosis, identify areas for future improvement, and provide a reference guide for practitioners in the field. It analyzes the most cited procedures currently in use for the management of a number of symptoms affecting the majority of patients with multiple sclerosis, from different training routines to cognitive rehabilitation and therapies using physical agents, such as electrostimulation, hydrotherapy, cryotherapy and electromagnetic fields. Furthermore, it investigates the quality of evidence for the aforementioned therapies and the different tests applied in practice to assess their utility. Lastly, the study looks at potential future candidates for the treatment and evaluation of patients with multiple sclerosis and the supposed benefits they could bring in clinical settings.
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Leibovitzh H, Lee SH, Xue M, Raygoza Garay JA, Hernandez-Rocha C, Madsen KL, Meddings JB, Guttman DS, Espin-Garcia O, Smith MI, Goethel A, Griffiths AM, Moayyedi P, Steinhart AH, Panaccione R, Huynh HQ, Jacobson K, Aumais G, Mack DR, Abreu MT, Bernstein CN, Marshall JK, Turner D, Xu W, Turpin W, Croitoru K. Altered Gut Microbiome Composition and Function Are Associated With Gut Barrier Dysfunction in Healthy Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:1364-1376.e10. [PMID: 35850197 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The gut microbiome has been suggested to play a role in gut barrier hemostasis, but data are scarce and limited to animal studies. We therefore aimed to assess whether alterations in gut microbial composition and functional pathways are associated with gut barrier function in a cohort of healthy first-degree relatives of patients with Crohn's disease. METHODS We used the Crohn's and Colitis Canada Genetic Environmental Microbial (CCC-GEM) cohort of healthy first-degree relatives of patients with Crohn's disease. Gut barrier function was assessed using the urinary fractional excretion of lactulose-to-mannitol ratio (LMR). Microbiome composition was assessed by sequencing fecal 16S ribosomal RNA. The cohort was divided into a discovery cohort (n = 2472) and a validation cohort (n = 655). A regression model was used to assess microbial associations with the LMR. A random forest classifier algorithm was performed to assess microbial community contribution to barrier function. RESULTS Individuals with impaired barrier function (LMR >0.025) had reduced alpha-diversity (Chao1 index, P = 4.0e-4) and altered beta-diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index, R2 = 0.001, P = 1.0e-3) compared with individuals with an LMR ≤0.025. When taxa were assessed individually, we identified 8 genera and 52 microbial pathways associated with an LMR >0.025 (q < 0.05). Four genera (decreased prevalence of Adlercreutzia, Clostridia UCG 014, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and increased abundance of Colidextribacter) and 8 pathways (including decreased biosynthesis of glutamate, tryptophan, and threonine) were replicated in the validation cohort. The random forest approach revealed that the bacterial community is associated with gut barrier function (area under the curve, 0.63; P = 1.4e-6). CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiome community and pathways are associated with changes in gut barrier function. These findings may identify potential microbial targets to modulate gut barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Leibovitzh
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sun-Ho Lee
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mingyue Xue
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cristian Hernandez-Rocha
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan B Meddings
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David S Guttman
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Espin-Garcia
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle I Smith
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashleigh Goethel
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne M Griffiths
- IBD Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Moayyedi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Hillary Steinhart
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hien Q Huynh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guy Aumais
- Department of Medicine, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David R Mack
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Crohn's and Colitis Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- University of Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Centre and Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - John K Marshall
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dan Turner
- The Juliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wei Xu
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Williams Turpin
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Croitoru
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Federica R, Edda R, Daniela R, Simone B, Giulia N, Gabriele L, Marta M, Marco P, Gianluca B, Elena N, Matteo C, Serena S, Matteo R, Amedeo A, Salvatore CA. Characterization of the “gut microbiota-immunity axis” and microbial lipid metabolites in atrophic and potential celiac disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:886008. [PMID: 36246269 PMCID: PMC9561818 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.886008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Potential celiac disease (pCD) is characterized by genetic predisposition, positive anti-endomysial and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies, but a normal or almost normal jejunal mucosa (e.g., minor histological abnormalities without villous atrophy). To gain further insights into basic mechanisms involved in the development of intestinal villous atrophy, we evaluated and compared the microbial, lipid, and immunological signatures of pCD and atrophic CD (aCD). Materials and methods This study included 17 aCD patients, 10 pCD patients, and 12 healthy controls (HC). Serum samples from all participants were collected to analyze free fatty acids (FFAs). Duodenal mucosa samples of aCD and pCD patients were taken to evaluate histology, tissue microbiota composition, and mucosal immune response. Results We found no significant differences in the mucosa-associated microbiota composition of pCD and aCD patients. On the other hand, in pCD patients, the overall abundance of serum FFAs showed relevant and significant differences in comparison with aCD patients and HC. In detail, compared to HC, pCD patients displayed higher levels of propionic, butyric, valeric, 2-ethylhexanoic, tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, and octadecanoic acids. Instead, aCD patients showed increased levels of propionic, isohexanoic, and 2-ethylhexanoic acids, and a lower abundance of isovaleric and 2-methylbutyricacids when compared to HC. In addition, compared to aCD patients, pCD patients showed a higher abundance of isobutyric and octadecanoic acid. Finally, the immunological analysis of duodenal biopsy revealed a lower percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes in pCD infiltrate compared to that observed in aCD patients. The functional characterization of T cells documented a pro-inflammatory immune response in both aCD and pCD patients, but the pCD patients showed a higher percentage of Th0/Th17 and a lower percentage of Th1/Th17. Conclusion The results of the present study show, for the first time, that the duodenal microbiota of patients with pCD does not differ substantially from that of aCD; however, serum FFAs and local T cells displayed a distinctive profile between pCD, aCD, and HC. In conclusion, our result may help to shed new light on the “gut microbiota-immunity axis,” lipid metabolites, and duodenal immune response in overt CD and pCD patients, opening new paradigms in understanding the pathogenesis behind CD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricci Federica
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Tuscany Regional Referral Center for Adult Celiac Disease, Florence, Italy
| | - Russo Edda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renzi Daniela
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Tuscany Regional Referral Center for Adult Celiac Disease, Florence, Italy
| | - Baldi Simone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nannini Giulia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lami Gabriele
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Tuscany Regional Referral Center for Adult Celiac Disease, Florence, Italy
| | - Menicatti Marta
- Department of Neuroscience, Pharmaceutical and Child Health Area (NEUROFARBA), Florence, Italy
| | - Pallecchi Marco
- Department of Neuroscience, Pharmaceutical and Child Health Area (NEUROFARBA), Florence, Italy
| | - Bartolucci Gianluca
- Department of Neuroscience, Pharmaceutical and Child Health Area (NEUROFARBA), Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolai Elena
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cerboneschi Matteo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Smeazzetto Serena
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ramazzotti Matteo
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedei Amedeo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Amedei Amedeo,
| | - Calabrò Antonino Salvatore
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence, Tuscany Regional Referral Center for Adult Celiac Disease, Florence, Italy
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Shahi SK, Ghimire S, Lehman P, Mangalam AK. Obesity induced gut dysbiosis contributes to disease severity in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966417. [PMID: 36164343 PMCID: PMC9509138 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the CNS. The etiology of MS is complex, and results from the interaction of multiple environmental and genetic factors. Although human leukocyte antigen-HLA alleles such as HLA-DR2 and -DR3 are considered the strongest genetic factors, the environmental factors responsible for disease predisposition are not well understood. Recently, diet and gut microbiota have emerged as an important environmental factors linked to the increased incidence of MS. Especially, western diets rich in protein and fat have been linked to the increased incidence of obesity. Numerous clinical data indicate a role of obesity and gut microbiota in MS; however, the mechanistic link between gut microbiota and obesity in the pathobiology of MS remains unclear. The present study determines the mechanisms driving MS severity in the context of obesity utilizing a high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese HLA-DR3 class-II transgenic mouse model of MS. Methods HLA-DR3 transgenic mice were kept on a standard HFD diet or Normal Chow (NC) for eight weeks. Gut microbiota composition and functional analysis were performed from the fecal DNA of mice. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-EAE (an animal model of MS) was induced by immunization with the proteolipid protein-PLP91-110 peptide in complete Freud's Adjuvant (CFA) and pertussis toxin. Results We observed that HFD-induced obesity caused gut dysbiosis and severe disease compared to mice on NC. Amelioration of disease severity in mice depleted of gut microbiota suggested an important role of gut bacteria in severe EAE in obese mice. Fecal microbiota analysis in HFD mice shows gut microbiota alterations with an increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria and Desulfovibrionaceae bacteria and modulation of various bacterial metabolic pathways including bacterial hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic pathways. Finally, mice on HFD showed increased gut permeability and systemic inflammation suggesting a role gut barrier modulation in obesity induced disease severity. Conclusions This study provides evidence for the involvement of the gut microbiome and associated metabolic pathways plus gut permeability in obesity-induced modulation of EAE disease severity. A better understanding of the same will be helpful to identify novel therapeutic targets to reduce disease severity in obese MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh K. Shahi
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,*Correspondence: Ashutosh K. Mangalam, ; Shailesh K. Shahi,
| | - Sudeep Ghimire
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Peter Lehman
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ashutosh K. Mangalam
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,*Correspondence: Ashutosh K. Mangalam, ; Shailesh K. Shahi,
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Elsayed NS, Aston P, Bayanagari VR, Shukla SK. The gut microbiome molecular mimicry piece in the multiple sclerosis puzzle. Front Immunol 2022; 13:972160. [PMID: 36045671 PMCID: PMC9420973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.972160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiological complexity of multiple sclerosis, an immune-mediated, neurodegenerative disease with multifactorial etiology is still elusive because of an incomplete understanding of the complex synergy between contributing factors such as genetic susceptibility and aberrant immune response. Recently, the disease phenotypes have also been shown to be associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, a dynamic reservoir of billions of microbes, their proteins and metabolites capable of mimicring the autoantigens. Microbial factors could potentially trigger the neuroinflammation and symptoms of MS. In this perspective article, we discussed how microbial molecules resulting from a leaky gut might mimic a host’s autoantigen, potentially contributing to the disease disequilibrium. It further highlights the importance of targeting the gut microbiome for alternate therapeutic options for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha S. Elsayed
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, United States
| | - Paula Aston
- Department of Neurology, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Marshfield, WI, United States
| | - Vishnu R. Bayanagari
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, United States
| | - Sanjay K. Shukla
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Sanjay K. Shukla,
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Gargano F, Guerrera G, Piras E, Serafini B, Di Paola M, Rizzetto L, Buscarinu MC, Annibali V, Vuotto C, De Bardi M, D’Orso S, Ruggieri S, Gasperini C, Pavarini L, Ristori G, Picozza M, Rosicarelli B, Ballerini C, Mechelli R, Vitali F, Cavalieri D, Salvetti M, Angelini DF, Borsellino G, De Filippo C, Battistini L. Proinflammatory mucosal-associated invariant CD8+ T cells react to gut flora yeasts and infiltrate multiple sclerosis brain. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890298. [PMID: 35979352 PMCID: PMC9376942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in shaping the immune system. Modern lifestyle, the inappropriate use of antibiotics, and exposure to pollution have significantly affected the composition of commensal microorganisms. The intestinal microbiota has been shown to sustain inappropriate autoimmune responses at distant sites in animal models of disease, and may also have a role in immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We studied the composition of the gut mycobiota in fecal samples from 27 persons with MS (pwMS) and in 18 healthy donors (HD), including 5 pairs of homozygous twins discordant for MS. We found a tendency towards higher fungal abundance and richness in the MS group, and we observed that MS twins showed a higher rate of food-associated strains, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We then found that in pwMS, a distinct population of cells with antibacterial and antifungal activity is expanded during the remitting phase and markedly decreases during clinically and/or radiologically active disease. These cells, named MAIT (mucosal-associated invariant T cells) lymphocytes, were significantly more activated in pwMS compared to HD in response to S. cerevisiae and Candida albicans strains isolated from fecal samples. This activation was also mediated by fungal-induced IL-23 secretion by innate immune cells. Finally, immunofluorescent stainings of MS post-mortem brain tissues from persons with the secondary progressive form of the disease showed that MAIT cells cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain. These results were in agreement with the hypothesis that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota might determine the inappropriate response of a subset of pathogenic mucosal T cells and favor the development of systemic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gargano
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Gisella Guerrera
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piras
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Serafini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Neuroscience, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Di Paola
- University of Florence, Department of Biology, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Rizzetto
- Research and Innovation Centre – Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Neurology and Centre for Experimental Neurological therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Annibali
- Neurology and Centre for Experimental Neurological therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Vuotto
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Bardi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia D’Orso
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Ruggieri
- Department of Neuroscience “Lancisi”, S. Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Gasperini
- Department of Neuroscience “Lancisi”, S. Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pavarini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- University of Florence, Department of Biology, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Neurology and Centre for Experimental Neurological therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Picozza
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Clara Ballerini
- University of Florence, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Neurology and Centre for Experimental Neurological therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Vitali
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marco Salvetti
- Neurology and Centre for Experimental Neurological therapies (CENTERS), S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela F. Angelini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Borsellino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanna Borsellino, ; Luca Battistini,
| | - Carlotta De Filippo
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanna Borsellino, ; Luca Battistini,
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20
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Wang X, Liang Z, Wang S, Ma D, Zhu M, Feng J. Role of Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1413-1426. [PMID: 34191698 PMCID: PMC9881072 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210629145351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota in health and diseases has been receiving increased attention recently. Emerging evidence from previous studies on gut-microbiota-brain axis highlighted the importance of gut microbiota in neurological disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from T-cell-driven, myelin-directed autoimmunity. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota in MS patients has been reported in published research studies, indicating that gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. Gut microbiota have also been reported to influence the initiation of disease and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is the animal model of MS. However, the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS remain unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summerized the potential mechanisms for gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS, including increasing the permeability of the intestinal barrier, initiating an autoimmune response, disrupting the blood-brain barrier integrity, and contributing to chronic inflammation. The possibility for gut microbiota as a target for MS therapy has also been discussed. This review provides new insight into understanding the role of gut microbiota in neurological and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021; Tel: + 86 13756661276; E-mail: ; Tel: +86 15948316086; E-mail:
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021; Tel: + 86 13756661276; E-mail: ; Tel: +86 15948316086; E-mail:
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21
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Escribano BM, Muñoz-Jurado A, Luque E, Conde C, Feijóo M, LaTorre M, Valdelvira ME, Buendía P, Giraldo AI, Caballero-Villarraso J, Santamaría A, Agüera E, Túnez I. Lactose and Casein Cause Changes on Biomarkers of Oxidative Damage and Dysbiosis in an Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:680-692. [PMID: 34875994 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666211207101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats closely reproduces Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a disease characterized by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress that also appears to extend to other organs and their compartments. The origin of MS is a matter for discussion, but it would seem that altering certain bacterial populations present in the gut may lead to a proinflammatory condition due to the bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the so-called brain-gut axis. The casein and lactose in milk confer anti-inflammatory properties and immunomodulatory effects. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of administration of casein and lactose on the oxidative damage and the clinical status caused by EAE and to verify whether both casein and lactose had any effect on the LPS and its transport protein -LBP-. METHODS Twenty male Dark Agouti rats were divided into control rats (control), EAE rats, and EAE rats, to which casein and lactose, EAE+casein, and EAE+lactose, respectively, were administered. Fifty-one days after casein and lactose administration, the rats were sacrificed, and different organs were studied (brain, spinal cord, blood, heart, liver, kidney, small, and large intestine). In the latter, products derived from oxidative stress were studied (lipid peroxides and carbonylated proteins) as well as the glutathione redox system, various inflammation factors (total nitrite, Nuclear Factor-kappa B p65, the Rat Tumour Necrosis Factor-α), and the LPS and LBP values. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Casein and lactose administration improved the clinical aspect of the disease at the same time as reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, exerting its action on the glutathione redox system, or increasing GPx levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña M Escribano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz-Jurado
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Evelio Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Conde
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Neurology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Montse Feijóo
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel LaTorre
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Mathematics, Campus of Rabanales, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel E Valdelvira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Paula Buendía
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Canvax Biotech S.L., Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana I Giraldo
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Villarraso
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Clinical Analysis Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratory of Exciting Amino Acids, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Agüera
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Neurology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba, (IMIBC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Cooperative Research Thematic Excellent Network on Brain Stimulation (REDESTIM) Ministery of Economy, Industry of Competitiveness, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Duarte-Silva E, Meuth SG, Peixoto CA. Microbial Metabolites in Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Pathogenesis and Treatment. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:885031. [PMID: 35573295 PMCID: PMC9096831 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.885031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites produced by the gut microbiota have been shown to play an important role in numerous inflammatory, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, microbial metabolites have been implicated in the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity, especially in the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are key regulators of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Furthermore, they affect processes relevant to MS pathophysiology, such as inflammation and demyelination, which makes them attractive molecules to be explored as therapeutics in MS. In this review, we discuss the importance of these metabolites as factors contributing to disease pathogenesis and as therapeutic targets in MS. Establishing an improved understanding of these gut-microbiota derived metabolites may provide new avenues for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE)/Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Recife, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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23
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Biomarker panel increases accuracy for identification of an MS relapse beyond sNfL. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 63:103922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Wolter M, Grant ET, Boudaud M, Steimle A, Pereira GV, Martens EC, Desai MS. Leveraging diet to engineer the gut microbiome. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:885-902. [PMID: 34580480 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, have distinct clinical presentations but share underlying patterns of gut microbiome perturbation and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Their potentially common microbial drivers advocate for treatment strategies aimed at restoring appropriate microbiome function, but individual variation in host factors makes a uniform approach unlikely. In this Perspective, we consolidate knowledge on diet-microbiome interactions in local inflammation, gut microbiota imbalance and host immune dysregulation. By understanding and incorporating the effects of individual dietary components on microbial metabolic output and host physiology, we examine the potential for diet-based therapies for autoimmune disease prevention and treatment. We also discuss tools targeting the gut microbiome, such as faecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics and orthogonal niche engineering, which could be optimized using custom dietary interventions. These approaches highlight paths towards leveraging diet for precise engineering of the gut microbiome at a time of increasing autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Wolter
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Erica T Grant
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marie Boudaud
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alex Steimle
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Eric C Martens
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mahesh S Desai
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg. .,Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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25
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Danilenko V, Devyatkin A, Marsova M, Shibilova M, Ilyasov R, Shmyrev V. Common Inflammatory Mechanisms in COVID-19 and Parkinson's Diseases: The Role of Microbiome, Pharmabiotics and Postbiotics in Their Prevention. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6349-6381. [PMID: 34876830 PMCID: PMC8643201 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s333887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, metagenomic studies have shown the key role of the gut microbiome in maintaining immune and neuroendocrine systems. Malfunction of the gut microbiome can induce inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, and cytokine storm. Dysfunction of the gut microbiome can be caused by short-term (virus infection and other infectious diseases) or long-term (environment, nutrition, and stress) factors. Here, we reviewed the inflammation and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases and coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Here, we reviewed the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) involved in the processes of formation of oxidative stress and inflammation in viral and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the coronavirus uses ACE2 receptors of the RAAS to penetrate human cells. The coronavirus infection can be the trigger for neurodegenerative diseases by dysfunction of the RAAS. Pharmabiotics, postbiotics, and next-generation probiotics, are considered as a means to prevent oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, neurodegenerative and viral diseases through gut microbiome regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Danilenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Devyatkin
- Central Clinical Hospital with a Polyclinic CMP RF, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariya Marsova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Rustem Ilyasov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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26
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Chatzikonstantinou S, Poulidou V, Arnaoutoglou M, Kazis D, Heliopoulos I, Grigoriadis N, Boziki M. Signaling through the S1P-S1PR Axis in the Gut, the Immune and the Central Nervous System in Multiple Sclerosis: Implication for Pathogenesis and Treatment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113217. [PMID: 34831439 PMCID: PMC8626013 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling molecule with complex biological functions that are exerted through the activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1–5 (S1PR1–5). S1PR expression is necessary for cell proliferation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis and, importantly, for the egress of lymphocytes from secondary lymphoid organs. Since the inflammatory process is a key element of immune-mediated diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), S1PR modulators are currently used to ameliorate systemic immune responses. The ubiquitous expression of S1PRs by immune, intestinal and neural cells has significant implications for the regulation of the gut–brain axis. The dysfunction of this bidirectional communication system may be a significant factor contributing to MS pathogenesis, since an impaired intestinal barrier could lead to interaction between immune cells and microbiota with a potential to initiate abnormal local and systemic immune responses towards the central nervous system (CNS). It appears that the secondary mechanisms of S1PR modulators affecting the gut immune system, the intestinal barrier and directly the CNS, are coordinated to promote therapeutic effects. The scope of this review is to focus on S1P−S1PR functions in the cells of the CNS, the gut and the immune system with particular emphasis on the immunologic effects of S1PR modulation and its implication in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simela Chatzikonstantinou
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “G.Papanikolaou” Hospital, Leoforos Papanikolaou, Exohi, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Vasiliki Poulidou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilp Kyriakidi st., 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Marianthi Arnaoutoglou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilp Kyriakidi st., 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Dimitrios Kazis
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “G.Papanikolaou” Hospital, Leoforos Papanikolaou, Exohi, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.C.); (D.K.)
| | - Ioannis Heliopoulos
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilp Kyriakidi st., 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Marina Boziki
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilp Kyriakidi st., 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence:
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27
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Miranda-Ribera A, Serena G, Liu J, Fasano A, Kingsbury MA, Fiorentino MR. The Zonulin-transgenic mouse displays behavioral alterations ameliorated via depletion of the gut microbiota. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:2000299. [PMID: 34775911 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.2000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis hypothesis suggests that interactions in the intestinal milieu are critically involved in regulating brain function. Several studies point to a gut-microbiota-brain connection linking an impaired intestinal barrier and altered gut microbiota composition to neurological disorders involving neuroinflammation. Increased gut permeability allows luminal antigens to cross the gut epithelium, and via the blood stream and an impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB) enters the brain impacting its function. Pre-haptoglobin 2 (pHP2), the precursor protein to mature HP2, is the first characterized member of the zonulin family of structurally related proteins. pHP 2 has been identified in humans as the thus far only endogenous regulator of epithelial and endothelial tight junctions (TJs). We have leveraged the Zonulin-transgenic mouse (Ztm) that expresses a murine pHP2 (zonulin) to determine the role of increased gut permeability and its synergy with a dysbiotic intestinal microbiota on brain function and behavior. Here we show that Ztm mice display sex-dependent behavioral abnormalities accompanied by altered gene expression of BBB TJs and increased expression of brain inflammatory genes. Antibiotic depletion of the gut microbiota in Ztm mice downregulated brain inflammatory markers ameliorating some anxiety-like behavior. Overall, we show that zonulin-dependent alterations in gut permeability and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota are associated with an altered BBB integrity, neuroinflammation, and behavioral changes that are partially ameliorated by microbiota depletion. Our results suggest the Ztm model as a tool for the study of the cross-talk between the microbiome/gut and the brain in the context of neurobehavioral/neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Miranda-Ribera
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gloria Serena
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jundi Liu
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcy A Kingsbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Lurie Center for Autism, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria R Fiorentino
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Buscarinu MC, Gargano F, Lionetto L, Capi M, Morena E, Fornasiero A, Reniè R, Landi AC, Pellicciari G, Romano C, Mechelli R, Romano S, Borsellino G, Battistini L, Simmaco M, Fagnani C, Salvetti M, Ristori G. Intestinal Permeability and Circulating CD161+CCR6+CD8+T Cells in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Dimethylfumarate. Front Neurol 2021; 12:683398. [PMID: 34512507 PMCID: PMC8426620 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.683398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The changes of the gut-brain axis have been recently recognized as important components in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of DMF on intestinal barrier permeability and mucosal immune responses. Methods: We investigated intestinal permeability (IP) and circulating CD161+CCR6+CD8+T cells in 25 patients with MS, who met eligibility criteria for dimethyl-fumarate (DMF) treatment. These data, together with clinical/MRI parameters, were studied at three time-points: baseline (before therapy), after one (T1) and 9 months (T2) of treatment. Results: At baseline 16 patients (64%) showed altered IP, while 14 cases (56%) showed active MRI. During DMF therapy we found the expected decrease of disease activity at MRI compared to T0 (6/25 at T1, p = 0.035 and 3/25 at T2, p < 0.00), and a reduction in the percentage of CD161+CCR6+CD8+ T cells (16/23 at T2; p < 0.001). The effects of DMF on gut barrier alterations was variable, without a clear longitudinal pattern, while we found significant relationships between IP changes and drop of MRI activity (p = 0.04) and circulating CD161+CCr6+CD8+ T cells (p = 0.023). Conclusions: The gut barrier is frequently altered in MS, and the CD161+ CCR6+CD8+ T cell-subset shows dynamics which correlate with disease course and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Buscarinu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gargano
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Lionetto
- Mass Spectrometry Section, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Matilde Capi
- Mass Spectrometry Section, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Morena
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Fornasiero
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Reniè
- Department of Clinical-Experimental Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna C Landi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Pellicciari
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Romano
- Department of Clinical-Experimental Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Borsellino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Mass Spectrometry Section, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Higher Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Espinosa-Oliva AM, García-Miranda P, Alonso-Bellido IM, Carvajal AE, González-Rodríguez M, Carrillo-Jiménez A, Temblador AJ, Felices-Navarro M, García-Domínguez I, Roca-Ceballos MA, Vázquez-Carretero MD, García-Revilla J, Santiago M, Peral MJ, Venero JL, de Pablos RM. Galectin-3 Deletion Reduces LPS and Acute Colitis-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Microglial Activation in the Ventral Mesencephalon. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:706439. [PMID: 34483912 PMCID: PMC8416309 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.706439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a highly prevalent neurological disorder for which there is currently no cure. Therefore, the knowledge of risk factors as well as the development of new putative molecular targets is mandatory. In this sense, peripheral inflammation, especially the originated in the colon, is emerging as a predisposing factor for suffering this disease. We have largely studied the pleiotropic roles of galectin-3 in driving microglia-associated immune responses. However, studies aimed at elucidating the role of galectin-3 in peripheral inflammation in terms of microglia polarization are lacking. To achieve this, we have evaluated the effect of galectin-3 deletion in two different models of acute peripheral inflammation: intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide or gut inflammation induced by oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate. We found that under peripheral inflammation the number of microglial cells and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators take place specifically in the dopaminergic system, thus supporting causative links between Parkinson’s disease and peripheral inflammation. Absence of galectin-3 highly reduced neuroinflammation in both models, suggesting an important central regulatory role of galectin-3 in driving microglial activation provoked by the peripheral inflammation. Thus, modulation of galectin-3 function emerges as a promising strategy to minimize undesired microglia polarization states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Espinosa-Oliva
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Miranda
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Isabel María Alonso-Bellido
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana E Carvajal
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Melania González-Rodríguez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Ciudad Real Medical School, CRIB, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alejandro Carrillo-Jiménez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Arturo J Temblador
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuel Felices-Navarro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene García-Domínguez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Angustias Roca-Ceballos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Juan García-Revilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marti Santiago
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María J Peral
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Luis Venero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío M de Pablos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de, Sevilla, Spain
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Munoz-Pinto MF, Empadinhas N, Cardoso SM. The neuromicrobiology of Parkinson's disease: A unifying theory. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101396. [PMID: 34171417 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence confirms that PD is indeed a multifactorial disease with different aetiologies and prodromal symptomatology that likely depend on the initial trigger. New players with important roles as triggers, facilitators and aggravators of the PD neurodegenerative process have re-emerged in the last few years, the microbes. Having evolved in association with humans for ages, microbes and their products are now seen as fundamental regulators of human physiology with disturbances in their balance being increasingly accepted to have a relevant impact on the progression of disease in general and on PD in particular. In this review, we comprehensively address early studies that have directly or indirectly linked bacteria or other infectious agents to the onset and progression of PD, from the earliest suspects to the most recent culprits, the gut microbiota. The quest for effective treatments to arrest PD progression must inevitably address the different interactions between microbiota and human cells, and naturally consider the gut-brain axis. The comprehensive characterization of such mechanisms will help design innovative bacteriotherapeutic approaches to selectively shape the gut microbiota profile ultimately to halt PD progression. The present review describes our current understanding of the role of microorganisms and their endosymbiotic relatives, the mitochondria, in inducing, facilitating, or aggravating PD pathogenesis.
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31
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Intestinal congestion and reperfusion injury: Damage caused to the intestinal tract and distal organs. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229487. [PMID: 34369557 PMCID: PMC8421592 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical practice, intestinal autologous diseases, ailments and organ transplants can cause severe congestive damage to the intestinal tract. However, after the etiological factor is gotten rid of and blood flow is free without any hinderance, further damage to the intestinal wall often occurs, causing other related organ dysfunctions. This ultimately results in intestinal congestion reperfusion injury (ICRI). When the structure and function of the intestine are destroyed, bacteria, metabolites and endotoxins in the intestinal tract perfuse and enter the portal vein through the already compromised intestinal mucosa, to the other organs via the liver. Nevertheless, this gives rise to further aggravation of the injury, and reperfusion injury syndrome occurs. ICRI is a very common complication encountered by clinicians, and its harm is more severe and serious as compared with that caused by ischemia–reperfusion. Quite a few number of studies on ICRI have been reported to date. The exact mechanism of the injury is still idiopathic, and effective treatment strategies are still limited. Based on recent studies, this article is aimed at reviewing the destruction, damage mechanisms resulting from ICRI to the intestinal anatomical sites and distant organs. It is geared towards providing new ideas for the prevention and therapeutic approaches of ICRI.
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Brescia P, Rescigno M. The gut vascular barrier: a new player in the gut-liver-brain axis. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:844-855. [PMID: 34229973 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier protects our body from external insults through specialized cells organized in a multilayered structure that evolved in symbiosis with the resident microbiota. A breach in the outer mucus and epithelium can be transmitted to the inner gut vascular barrier (GVB), leading to systemic dissemination of microbes or microbe-derived molecules. Several extraintestinal pathologies have been linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis that causes GVB leakage in their early phases. The consequent spreading of inflammatory stimuli to distant organs could be driven by later vascular barrier disruption at different sites, suggesting an interplay between anatomical barriers across the body. Thus, targeting the intestinal barrier holds promise for the prevention and/or therapy of several intestinal, metabolic, and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Brescia
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Rescigno
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
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33
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Olsson A, Gustavsen S, Langkilde AR, Hansen TH, Sellebjerg F, Bach Søndergaard H, Oturai AB. Circulating levels of tight junction proteins in multiple sclerosis: Association with inflammation and disease activity before and after disease modifying therapy. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 54:103136. [PMID: 34247104 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tight junction proteins contribute to maintenance of epithelial and endothelial barriers such as the intestinal barrier and the blood brain barrier (BBB). Increased permeability of these barriers has been linked to disease activity in MS and there is currently a lack of easily accessible biomarkers predicting disease activity in MS. AIM To investigate whether levels of circulating tight junction proteins occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) are associated with biomarkers of inflammation and disease activity; and to determine whether they could serve as clinical biomarkers. METHODS We prospectively included 72 newly diagnosed patients with relapsing remitting MS or clinically isolated syndrome with no prior disease modifying therapy (DMT) use and 50 healthy controls (HCs). Patients were followed with blood samples, 3 tesla MRI, and clinical evaluation for 12 months. Occludin, ZO-1, calprotectin and soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) were measured by ELISA; serum neurofilament light (NfL) and IL-6 by single-molecule array (SIMOA). The mRNA expression of IFNG, IL1R1, IL10, IL1B, ARG1 and TNF was measured by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in whole blood. RESULTS Plasma occludin levels were higher in MS patients compared with HCs. After 12 months on DMT, occludin levels were reduced by approximately 25% irrespective of 1st or 2nd line DMT (p<0.001). Furthermore, NfL and calprotectin levels were significantly reduced by 31% and 29%, respectively. Occludin and ZO-1 did not correlate with biomarkers of inflammation and did not predict disease activity at baseline or after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of occludin suggest an increased permeability of the BBB and/or the intestinal barrier in MS patients. The reduction of occludin after 12 months on DMTs might reflect repair of these barriers upon treatment. However, plasma levels of ZO-1 and occludin could not predict clinical or MRI disease activity as determined by regression and ROC-curve analysis. Our results do not indicate a clear clinically relevant role for circulating tight junction proteins as biomarkers of disease activity in MS and further investigations in larger cohorts are needed to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Olsson
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - S Gustavsen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - A R Langkilde
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T H Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Sellebjerg
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Bach Søndergaard
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - A B Oturai
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
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34
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Influence of a High-Impact Multidimensional Rehabilitation Program on the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137173. [PMID: 34281224 PMCID: PMC8268819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative inflammatory condition mediated by autoreactive immune processes. Due to its potential to influence host immunity and gut-brain communication, the gut microbiota has been suggested to be involved in the onset and progression of MS. To date, there is no definitive cure for MS, and rehabilitation programs are of the utmost importance, especially in the later stages. However, only a few people generally participate due to poor support, knowledge, and motivation, and no information is available on gut microbiota changes. Herein we evaluated the potential of a brief high-impact multidimensional rehabilitation program (B-HIPE) in a leisure environment to affect the gut microbiota, mitigate MS symptoms and improve quality of life. B-HIPE resulted in modulation of the MS-typical dysbiosis, with reduced levels of pathobionts and the replenishment of beneficial short-chain fatty acid producers. This partial recovery of a eubiotic profile could help counteract the inflammatory tone typically observed in MS, as supported by reduced circulating lipopolysaccharide levels and decreased populations of pro-inflammatory lymphocytes. Improved physical performance and fatigue relief were also found. Our findings pave the way for integrating clinical practice with holistic approaches to mitigate MS symptoms and improve patients’ quality of life.
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35
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Ghezzi L, Cantoni C, Pinget GV, Zhou Y, Piccio L. Targeting the gut to treat multiple sclerosis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e143774. [PMID: 34196310 DOI: 10.1172/jci143774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis (GBA) refers to the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems, together linking brain and gut functions. Perturbations of the GBA have been reported in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), suggesting a possible role in disease pathogenesis and making it a potential therapeutic target. While research in the area is still in its infancy, a number of studies revealed that pwMS are more likely to exhibit altered microbiota, altered levels of short chain fatty acids and secondary bile products, and increased intestinal permeability. However, specific microbes and metabolites identified across studies and cohorts vary greatly. Small clinical and preclinical trials in pwMS and mouse models, in which microbial composition was manipulated through the use of antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and probiotic supplements, have provided promising outcomes in preventing CNS inflammation. However, results are not always consistent, and large-scale randomized controlled trials are lacking. Herein, we give an overview of how the GBA could contribute to MS pathogenesis, examine the different approaches tested to modulate the GBA, and discuss how they may impact neuroinflammation and demyelination in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ghezzi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gabriela V Pinget
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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36
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Matei DE, Menon M, Alber DG, Smith AM, Nedjat-Shokouhi B, Fasano A, Magill L, Duhlin A, Bitoun S, Gleizes A, Hacein-Bey-Abina S, Manson JJ, Rosser EC, Klein N, Blair PA, Mauri C. Intestinal barrier dysfunction plays an integral role in arthritis pathology and can be targeted to ameliorate disease. MED 2021; 2:864-883.e9. [PMID: 34296202 PMCID: PMC8280953 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests an important role for gut-microbiota dysbiosis in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The link between changes in gut bacteria and the development of joint inflammation is missing. Here, we address whether there are changes to the gut environment and how they contribute to arthritis pathogenesis. Methods We analyzed changes in markers of gut permeability, damage, and inflammation in peripheral blood and serum of RA patients. Serum, intestines, and lymphoid organs isolated from K/BxN mice with spontaneous arthritis or from wild-type, genetically modified interleukin (IL)-10R−/−or claudin-8−/−mice with induced arthritis were analyzed by immunofluorescence/histology, ELISA, and flow cytometry. Findings RA patients display increased levels of serum markers of gut permeability and damage and cellular gut-homing markers, both parameters positively correlating with disease severity. Arthritic mice display increased gut permeability from early stages of disease, as well as bacterial translocation, inflammatory gut damage, increases in interferon γ (IFNγ)+and decreases in IL-10+intestinal-infiltrating leukocyte frequency, and reduced intestinal epithelial IL-10R expression. Mechanistically, both arthritogenic bacteria and leukocytes are required to disrupt gut-barrier integrity. We show that exposing intestinal organoids to IFNγ reduces IL-10R expression by epithelial cells and that mice lacking epithelial IL-10R display increased intestinal permeability and exacerbated arthritis. Claudin-8−/−mice with constitutively increased gut permeability also develop worse joint disease. Treatment of mice with AT-1001, a molecule that prevents development of gut permeability, ameliorates arthritis. Conclusions We suggest that breakdown of gut-barrier integrity contributes to arthritis development and propose restoration of gut-barrier homeostasis as a new therapeutic approach for RA. Funding Funded by Versus Arthritis (21140 and 21257) and UKRI/MRC (MR/T000910/1). Serum gut-permeability markers LPB, LPS, and I-FABP are increased in RA Mice with arthritis have increased gut permeability and intestinal inflammation Both bacteria and leukocytes are needed to disrupt gut-barrier integrity Prevention of gut-barrier dysfunction in arthritis ameliorates joint inflammation
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic joint inflammation. Accumulating evidence suggests that changes in the composition of the bacteria residing in the gut could be responsible for joint inflammation. Currently, it is unclear how bacteria or their products instruct cells of the immune system to become harmful and induce arthritis. Researchers at University College London have shown that, in arthritis, there is profound damage to the gut lining, which fails to work properly as a barrier, as well as an accumulation in the gut of white blood cells that cause inflammation. The authors show that, in arthritis, bacteria cross the prohibited border of the intestinal lining and that repairing gut permeability defects with specific drugs inhibits joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Matei
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine and Division of Infection and Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Madhvi Menon
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine and Division of Infection and Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Dagmar G Alber
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Andrew M Smith
- Eastman Dental Institute, School of Life and Medical Sciences, UCL, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Bahman Nedjat-Shokouhi
- Eastman Dental Institute, School of Life and Medical Sciences, UCL, London WC1X 8LD, UK.,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Division of Medicine, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alessio Fasano
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Laura Magill
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine and Division of Infection and Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Amanda Duhlin
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine and Division of Infection and Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Samuel Bitoun
- Rheumatology Department, Bicêtre Hospital AP-HP, Université Paris-Saclay and INSERM UMR 1184 IMVA 78 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Aude Gleizes
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, 75006 Paris, France.,Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Hôpital Kremlin-Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94270 Le-Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, 75006 Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux Paris Saclay, Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94275 Le-Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jessica J Manson
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Rosser
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine and Division of Infection and Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK.,Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL, UCLH and GOSH, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | | | - Nigel Klein
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paul A Blair
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine and Division of Infection and Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Claudia Mauri
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine and Division of Infection and Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
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Obesity and Multiple Sclerosis-A Multifaceted Association. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10122689. [PMID: 34207197 PMCID: PMC8234028 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the common elements in the pathophysiological theories that try to explain the appearance and evolution of obesity and multiple sclerosis, the association between the two pathologies has become an increasingly researched topic in recent years. On the one hand, there is the chronic demyelinating inflammation caused by the autoimmune cascade of multiple sclerosis, while on the other hand, according to the latest research, it has been shown that obesity shares an inflammatory component with most chronic diseases. METHODS The authors performed independent research of the available literature in the most important electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Science Direct) in February 2021. After applying the exclusion criteria, the reviewers focused on the most relevant articles published during the last 10 years with respect to epidemiology and pathophysiology. RESULTS The data presented are a step forward in trying to elucidate the intricate relationship between obesity and MS, especially the causal relationship between childhood and adolescent obesity and MS, focusing on the epidemiological associations observed in the most relevant observational studies conducted in recent years. In the second part, the authors comment on the latest findings related to the pathophysiological mechanisms that may explain the correlations between obesity and multiple sclerosis, focusing also on the role of adipokines. CONCLUSIONS Based on available epidemiological data, obesity in early life appears to be strongly associated with a higher risk of MS development, independent of other risk factors. Although much research has been done on the pathophysiology of obesity, MS, their possible common mechanism, and the role of adipokines, further studies are needed in order to explain what remains unknown. No relevant data were found regarding the association between obesity, disability (high EDSS score), and mortality risk in MS patients. Thus, we consider that this topic should be elucidated in future research.
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Sterlin D, Larsen M, Fadlallah J, Parizot C, Vignes M, Autaa G, Dorgham K, Juste C, Lepage P, Aboab J, Vicart S, Maillart E, Gout O, Lubetzki C, Deschamps R, Papeix C, Gorochov G. Perturbed Microbiota/Immune Homeostasis in Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2021; 8:8/4/e997. [PMID: 33975914 PMCID: PMC8114833 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective Based on animal models and human studies, there is now strong suspicion that host/microbiota mutualism in the context of gut microbial dysbiosis could influence immunity and multiple sclerosis (MS) evolution. Our goal was to seek evidence of deregulated microbiota-induced systemic immune responses in patients with MS. Methods We investigated gut and systemic commensal-specific antibody responses in healthy controls (n = 32), patients with relapsing-remitting MS (n = 30), and individuals with clinically isolated syndromes (CISs) (n = 15). Gut microbiota composition and diversity were compared between controls and patients by analysis of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing. Autologous microbiota and cultivable bacterial strains were used in bacterial flow cytometry assays to quantify autologous serum IgG and secretory IgA responses to microbiota. IgG-bound bacteria were sorted by flow cytometry and identified using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results We show that commensal-specific gut IgA responses are drastically reduced in patients with severe MS, disease severity being correlated with the IgA-coated fecal microbiota fraction (r = −0.647, p < 0.0001). At the same time, IgA-unbound bacteria elicit qualitatively broad and quantitatively increased serum IgG responses in patients with MS and CIS compared with controls (4.1% and 2.5% vs 1.9%, respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusions Gut and systemic microbiota/immune homeostasis are perturbed in MS. Our results argue that defective IgA responses in MS are linked to a breakdown of systemic tolerance to gut microbiota leading to an enhanced triggering of systemic IgG immunity against gut commensals occurring early in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Sterlin
- From the Sorbonne Université (D.S., M.L., J.F., C.P., M.V., G.A., K.D., G.G.), Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France; Université Paris-Saclay (C.J., P.L.), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Hôpital Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (J.A., O.G., R.D.), Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; and Sorbonne Université (S.V., E.M., C.L., C.P.), Département de Neurologie, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Martin Larsen
- From the Sorbonne Université (D.S., M.L., J.F., C.P., M.V., G.A., K.D., G.G.), Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France; Université Paris-Saclay (C.J., P.L.), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Hôpital Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (J.A., O.G., R.D.), Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; and Sorbonne Université (S.V., E.M., C.L., C.P.), Département de Neurologie, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jehane Fadlallah
- From the Sorbonne Université (D.S., M.L., J.F., C.P., M.V., G.A., K.D., G.G.), Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France; Université Paris-Saclay (C.J., P.L.), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Hôpital Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (J.A., O.G., R.D.), Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; and Sorbonne Université (S.V., E.M., C.L., C.P.), Département de Neurologie, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Parizot
- From the Sorbonne Université (D.S., M.L., J.F., C.P., M.V., G.A., K.D., G.G.), Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France; Université Paris-Saclay (C.J., P.L.), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Hôpital Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (J.A., O.G., R.D.), Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; and Sorbonne Université (S.V., E.M., C.L., C.P.), Département de Neurologie, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marina Vignes
- From the Sorbonne Université (D.S., M.L., J.F., C.P., M.V., G.A., K.D., G.G.), Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France; Université Paris-Saclay (C.J., P.L.), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Hôpital Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (J.A., O.G., R.D.), Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; and Sorbonne Université (S.V., E.M., C.L., C.P.), Département de Neurologie, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Autaa
- From the Sorbonne Université (D.S., M.L., J.F., C.P., M.V., G.A., K.D., G.G.), Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France; Université Paris-Saclay (C.J., P.L.), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Hôpital Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (J.A., O.G., R.D.), Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; and Sorbonne Université (S.V., E.M., C.L., C.P.), Département de Neurologie, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Karim Dorgham
- From the Sorbonne Université (D.S., M.L., J.F., C.P., M.V., G.A., K.D., G.G.), Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France; Université Paris-Saclay (C.J., P.L.), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Hôpital Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (J.A., O.G., R.D.), Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; and Sorbonne Université (S.V., E.M., C.L., C.P.), Département de Neurologie, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Juste
- From the Sorbonne Université (D.S., M.L., J.F., C.P., M.V., G.A., K.D., G.G.), Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France; Université Paris-Saclay (C.J., P.L.), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Hôpital Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (J.A., O.G., R.D.), Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; and Sorbonne Université (S.V., E.M., C.L., C.P.), Département de Neurologie, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Lepage
- From the Sorbonne Université (D.S., M.L., J.F., C.P., M.V., G.A., K.D., G.G.), Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France; Université Paris-Saclay (C.J., P.L.), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Hôpital Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (J.A., O.G., R.D.), Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; and Sorbonne Université (S.V., E.M., C.L., C.P.), Département de Neurologie, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Aboab
- From the Sorbonne Université (D.S., M.L., J.F., C.P., M.V., G.A., K.D., G.G.), Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France; Université Paris-Saclay (C.J., P.L.), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Hôpital Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (J.A., O.G., R.D.), Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; and Sorbonne Université (S.V., E.M., C.L., C.P.), Département de Neurologie, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Savine Vicart
- From the Sorbonne Université (D.S., M.L., J.F., C.P., M.V., G.A., K.D., G.G.), Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France; Université Paris-Saclay (C.J., P.L.), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Hôpital Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (J.A., O.G., R.D.), Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; and Sorbonne Université (S.V., E.M., C.L., C.P.), Département de Neurologie, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Maillart
- From the Sorbonne Université (D.S., M.L., J.F., C.P., M.V., G.A., K.D., G.G.), Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France; Université Paris-Saclay (C.J., P.L.), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Hôpital Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (J.A., O.G., R.D.), Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; and Sorbonne Université (S.V., E.M., C.L., C.P.), Département de Neurologie, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Gout
- From the Sorbonne Université (D.S., M.L., J.F., C.P., M.V., G.A., K.D., G.G.), Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France; Université Paris-Saclay (C.J., P.L.), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Hôpital Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (J.A., O.G., R.D.), Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; and Sorbonne Université (S.V., E.M., C.L., C.P.), Département de Neurologie, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Lubetzki
- From the Sorbonne Université (D.S., M.L., J.F., C.P., M.V., G.A., K.D., G.G.), Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France; Université Paris-Saclay (C.J., P.L.), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Hôpital Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (J.A., O.G., R.D.), Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; and Sorbonne Université (S.V., E.M., C.L., C.P.), Département de Neurologie, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Romain Deschamps
- From the Sorbonne Université (D.S., M.L., J.F., C.P., M.V., G.A., K.D., G.G.), Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France; Université Paris-Saclay (C.J., P.L.), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Hôpital Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (J.A., O.G., R.D.), Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; and Sorbonne Université (S.V., E.M., C.L., C.P.), Département de Neurologie, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Papeix
- From the Sorbonne Université (D.S., M.L., J.F., C.P., M.V., G.A., K.D., G.G.), Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France; Université Paris-Saclay (C.J., P.L.), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Hôpital Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (J.A., O.G., R.D.), Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; and Sorbonne Université (S.V., E.M., C.L., C.P.), Département de Neurologie, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- From the Sorbonne Université (D.S., M.L., J.F., C.P., M.V., G.A., K.D., G.G.), Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France; Université Paris-Saclay (C.J., P.L.), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Hôpital Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (J.A., O.G., R.D.), Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; and Sorbonne Université (S.V., E.M., C.L., C.P.), Département de Neurologie, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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Olsson A, Gustavsen S, Nguyen TD, Nyman M, Langkilde AR, Hansen TH, Sellebjerg F, Oturai AB, Bach Søndergaard H. Serum Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Associations With Inflammation in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661493. [PMID: 34025661 PMCID: PMC8134701 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease characterized by demyelination and neuroaxonal damage in the central nervous system. The etiology is complex and is still not fully understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that our gut microbiota and its metabolites influence the MS pathogenesis. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate and butyrate, are metabolites produced by gut microbiota through fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates. SCFAs and kynurenine metabolites have been shown to have important immunomodulatory properties, and propionate supplementation in MS patients has been associated with long-term clinical improvement. However, the underlying mechanisms of action and its importance in MS remain incompletely understood. We analyzed serum levels of SCFAs and performed targeted metabolomics in relation to biomarkers of inflammation, and clinical and MRI measures in newly diagnosed patients with relapsing-remitting MS before their first disease modifying therapy and healthy controls (HCs). We demonstrated that serum acetate levels were nominally reduced in MS patients compared with HCs. The ratios of acetate/butyrate and acetate/(propionate + butyrate) were significantly lower in MS patients in a multivariate analysis (orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis; OPLS-DA). The mentioned ratios and acetate levels correlated negatively with the pro-inflammatory biomarker IFNG, indicating an inverse relation between acetate and inflammation. In contrast, the proportion of butyrate was found higher in MS patients in the multivariate analysis, and both butyrate and valerate correlated positively with proinflammatory cytokines (IFNG and TNF), suggesting complex bidirectional regulatory properties of SCFAs. Branched SCFAs were inversely correlated with clinical disability, at a nominal significance level. Otherwise SCFAs did not correlate with clinical variables or MRI measures. There were signs of an alteration of the kynurenine pathway in MS, and butyrate was positively correlated with the immunomodulatory metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. Other variables that influenced the separation between MS and HCs were NfL, ARG1 and IL1R1, D-ribose 5-phosphate, pantothenic acid and D-glucuronic acid. In conclusion, we provide novel results in this rapidly evolving field, emphasizing the complexity of the interactions between SCFAs and inflammation; therefore, further studies are required to clarify these issues before supplementation of SCFAs can be widely recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olsson
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Stefan Gustavsen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Thao Duy Nguyen
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Nyman
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Kemicentrum, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annika R Langkilde
- Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tue H Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Annette B Oturai
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Helle Bach Søndergaard
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
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40
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Calvo-Barreiro L, Eixarch H, Cornejo T, Costa C, Castillo M, Mestre L, Guaza C, Martínez-Cuesta MDC, Tanoue T, Honda K, González-López JJ, Montalban X, Espejo C. Selected Clostridia Strains from The Human Microbiota and their Metabolite, Butyrate, Improve Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:920-937. [PMID: 33829410 PMCID: PMC8423884 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are unravelling some consistent but modest patterns of gut dysbiosis. Among these, a significant decrease of Clostridia cluster IV and XIVa has been reported. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of a previously selected mixture of human gut-derived 17 Clostridia strains, which belong to Clostridia clusters IV, XIVa, and XVIII, on the clinical outcome of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The observed clinical improvement was related to lower demyelination and astrocyte reactivity as well as a tendency to lower microglia reactivity/infiltrating macrophages and axonal damage in the central nervous system (CNS), and to an enhanced immunoregulatory response of regulatory T cells in the periphery. Transcriptome studies also highlighted increased antiinflammatory responses related to interferon beta in the periphery and lower immune responses in the CNS. Since Clostridia-treated mice were found to present higher levels of the immunomodulatory short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate in the serum, we studied if this clinical effect could be reproduced by butyrate administration alone. Further EAE experiments proved its preventive but slight therapeutic impact on CNS autoimmunity. Thus, this smaller therapeutic effect highlighted that the Clostridia-induced clinical effect was not exclusively related to the SCFA and could not be reproduced by butyrate administration alone. Although it is still unknown if these Clostridia strains will have the same effect on MS patients, gut dysbiosis in MS patients could be partially rebalanced by these commensal bacteria and their immunoregulatory properties could have a beneficial effect on MS clinical course.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Butyrates/administration & dosage
- Clostridiaceae/immunology
- Dysbiosis/immunology
- Dysbiosis/pathology
- Dysbiosis/therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/administration & dosage
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calvo-Barreiro
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Herena Eixarch
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thais Cornejo
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Costa
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Castillo
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leyre Mestre
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Neuroinmunología, Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avda. Doctor Arce 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Guaza
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Neuroinmunología, Departamento de Neurobiología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avda. Doctor Arce 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Martínez-Cuesta
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Takeshi Tanoue
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kenya Honda
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Juan José González-López
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Espejo
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain.
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41
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B lymphocytes, the gastrointestinal tract and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102777. [PMID: 33609796 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Under homeostatic conditions, bidirectional interactions between the gastrointestinal and the immune system allow production of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses designed to prevent undesirable inflammation and to respond efficiently to potential insults. This balanced regulation can be disrupted in disorders that affect tissues remote to the gastrointestinal tract, as seen in autoimmune diseases. Recent reports have described a variety of B lymphocyte-mediated functions that likely contribute to gastrointestinal homeostasis to a greater extent than previously thought. Studies have shown that early B cell development takes place within the intestine, and that self-reactive B cells are rendered tolerant using mechanisms known to occur in the bone marrow, indicating that the gastrointestinal tract contributes to maintaining immune tolerance to self. Relatedly, continuous bacterial stimulation is essential for maintaining regulatory B cell functions and for mediating mucosal homeostasis. In studies of neuro-inflammation, intestinal IgA+ B cells, which constitute a prominent source of lymphocytes in the organism, can migrate to inflamed tissues and exert regulatory functions that attenuate inflammation in the central nervous system, indicating that, in addition to its local effects in the intestin, gut microbiota-B cell crosstalk can exert long-range beneficial effects. At the translational level, metabolites produced by gut microbiota can act as B cell-intrinsic epigenetic modulators, reducing inflammation in the skin and kidneys of mice suffering from experimental lupus. Given the significant impact of B cell-intestinal microbiota interactions, there is a momentum for improving our understanding of these pathways in autoinflammatory diseases and for designing novel therapeutic strategies for systemic autoimmune diseases where B cells play key roles.
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42
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Gutierrez B, Gallardo I, Ruiz L, Alvarez Y, Cachofeiro V, Margolles A, Hernandez M, Nieto ML. Oleanolic acid ameliorates intestinal alterations associated with EAE. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:363. [PMID: 33246492 PMCID: PMC7697371 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating autoimmune disease affecting the CNS. Recent studies have indicated that intestinal alterations play key pathogenic roles in the development of autoimmune diseases, including MS. The triterpene oleanolic acid (OA), due to its anti-inflammatory properties, has shown to beneficially influence the severity of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a preclinical model of MS. We herein investigate EAE-associated gut intestinal dysfunction and the effect of OA treatment. Methods Mice with MOG35–55-induced EAE were treated with OA or vehicle from immunization day and were daily analyzed for clinical deficit. We performed molecular and histological analysis in serum and intestinal tissues to measure oxidative and inflammatory responses. We used Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12 cells to elucidate OA in vitro effects. Results We found that OA protected from EAE-induced changes in intestinal permeability and preserved the mucin-containing goblet cells along the intestinal tract. Serum levels of the markers for intestinal barrier damage iFABP and monocyte activation sCD14 were consistently and significantly reduced in OA-treated EAE mice. Beneficial OA effects also included a decrease of pro-inflammatory mediators both in serum and colonic tissue of treated-EAE mice. Moreover, the levels of some immunoregulatory cytokines, the neurotrophic factor GDNF, and the gastrointestinal hormone motilin were preserved in OA-treated EAE mice. Regarding oxidative stress, OA treatment prevented lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion accumulation in intestinal tissue, while inducing the expression of the ROS scavenger Sestrin-3. Furthermore, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) quantification in the cecal content showed that OA reduced the high iso-valeric acid concentrations detected in EAE-mice. Lastly, using in vitro cell models which mimic the intestinal epithelium, we verified that OA protected against intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by injurious agents produced in both EAE and MS. Conclusion These findings reveal that OA ameliorates the gut dysfunction found in EAE mice. OA normalizes the levels of gut mucosal dysfunction markers, as well as the pro- and anti-inflammatory immune bias during EAE, thus reinforcing the idea that OA is a beneficial compound for treating EAE and suggesting that OA may be an interesting candidate to be explored for the treatment of human MS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-020-02042-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Gutierrez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM-CSIC/UVa), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Isabel Gallardo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM-CSIC/UVa), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Lorena Ruiz
- Dairy Research Institute of Asturias, Spanish National Research Council (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.,MicroHealth Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Yolanda Alvarez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM-CSIC/UVa), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Victoria Cachofeiro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Dairy Research Institute of Asturias, Spanish National Research Council (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.,MicroHealth Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Marita Hernandez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM-CSIC/UVa), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Nieto
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM-CSIC/UVa), Valladolid, Spain.
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Pröbstel AK, Zhou X, Baumann R, Wischnewski S, Kutza M, Rojas OL, Sellrie K, Bischof A, Kim K, Ramesh A, Dandekar R, Greenfield AL, Schubert RD, Bisanz JE, Vistnes S, Khaleghi K, Landefeld J, Kirkish G, Liesche-Starnecker F, Ramaglia V, Singh S, Tran EB, Barba P, Zorn K, Oechtering J, Forsberg K, Shiow LR, Henry RG, Graves J, Cree BAC, Hauser SL, Kuhle J, Gelfand JM, Andersen PM, Schlegel J, Turnbaugh PJ, Seeberger PH, Gommerman JL, Wilson MR, Schirmer L, Baranzini SE. Gut microbiota-specific IgA + B cells traffic to the CNS in active multiple sclerosis. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/53/eabc7191. [PMID: 33219152 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abc7191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in gut microbiota composition and a diverse role of B cells have recently been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS), a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a key regulator at the mucosal interface. However, whether gut microbiota shape IgA responses and what role IgA+ cells have in neuroinflammation are unknown. Here, we identify IgA-bound taxa in MS and show that IgA-producing cells specific for MS-associated taxa traffic to the inflamed CNS, resulting in a strong, compartmentalized IgA enrichment in active MS and other neuroinflammatory diseases. Unlike previously characterized polyreactive anti-commensal IgA responses, CNS IgA cross-reacts with surface structures on specific bacterial strains but not with brain tissue. These findings establish gut microbiota-specific IgA+ cells as a systemic mediator in MS and suggest a critical role of mucosal B cells during active neuroinflammation with broad implications for IgA as an informative biomarker and IgA-producing cells as an immune subset to harness for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. .,Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine, and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ryan Baumann
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sven Wischnewski
- Department of Neurology and Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Kutza
- Department of Neurology and Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Olga L Rojas
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 18A, Canada
| | - Katrin Sellrie
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14776 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Antje Bischof
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kicheol Kim
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Akshaya Ramesh
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ravi Dandekar
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ariele L Greenfield
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ryan D Schubert
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jordan E Bisanz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stephanie Vistnes
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Khashayar Khaleghi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 18A, Canada
| | - James Landefeld
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gina Kirkish
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Friederike Liesche-Starnecker
- Department of Neuropathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Valeria Ramaglia
- Department of Neurology and Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sneha Singh
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Edwina B Tran
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Patrick Barba
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kelsey Zorn
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Johanna Oechtering
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine, and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karin Forsberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lawrence R Shiow
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Stem Cell Research and Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Roland G Henry
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jennifer Graves
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bruce A C Cree
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stephen L Hauser
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, Departments of Medicine, Biomedicine, and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey M Gelfand
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Department of Neuropathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14776 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Michael R Wilson
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lucas Schirmer
- Department of Neurology and Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergio E Baranzini
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. .,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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44
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Biomarkers of inflammation and epithelial barrier function in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 46:102520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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45
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Esmaeil Amini M, Shomali N, Bakhshi A, Rezaei S, Hemmatzadeh M, Hosseinzadeh R, Eslami S, Babaie F, Aslani S, Torkamandi S, Mohammadi H. Gut microbiome and multiple sclerosis: New insights and perspective. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:107024. [PMID: 33182024 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal microbiota, also known as the gut microbiota living in the human gastrointestinal tract, has been shown to have a significant impact on several human disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, obesity, and multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is an inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the spinal cord and nerve cells in the brain due to an attack of immune cells, causing a wide range of harmful symptoms related to inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite extensive studies on MS that have shown that many external and genetic factors are involved in its pathogenesis, the exact role of external factors in the pathophysiology of MS is still unclear. Recent studies on MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of encephalitis, have shown that intestinal microbiota may play a key role in the pathogenesis of MS. Therefore, modification of the intestinal microbiome could be a promising strategy for the future treatment of MS. In this study, the characteristics of intestinal microbiota, the relationship between intestine and brain despite the blood-brain barrier, various factors involved in intestinal microbiota modification, changes in intestinal microbial composition in MS, intestinal microbiome modification strategies, and possible use of intestinal microbiome and factors affecting it have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Esmaeil Amini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Student Research Committee, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Bakhshi
- Student Research Committee, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Somaye Rezaei
- Department of Neurology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solat Eslami
- Dietary Supplements & Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- Department of Medical Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Torkamandi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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46
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Brown J, Robusto B, Morel L. Intestinal Dysbiosis and Tryptophan Metabolism in Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1741. [PMID: 32849620 PMCID: PMC7417361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of autoimmunity involves complex interactions between genetics and environmental triggers. The gut microbiota is an important environmental constituent that can heavily influence both local and systemic immune reactivity through distinct mechanisms. It is therefore a relevant environmental trigger or amplifier to consider in autoimmunity. This review will examine recent evidence for an association between intestinal dysbiosis and autoimmune diseases, and the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may contribute to autoimmune activation. We will specifically focus on recent studies connecting tryptophan metabolism to autoimmune disease pathogenesis and discuss evidence for a microbial origin. This will be discussed in the context of our current understanding of how tryptophan metabolites regulate immune responses, and how it may, or may not, be applicable to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Brown
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Brian Robusto
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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47
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Moccia M, Annovazzi P, Buscarinu MC, Calabrese M, Cavalla P, Cordioli C, Di Filippo M, Ferraro D, Gajofatto A, Gallo A, Lanzillo R, Laroni A, Lorefice L, Mallucchi S, Nociti V, Paolicelli D, Pinardi F, Prosperini L, Radaelli M, Ragonese P, Tomassini V, Tortorella C, Cocco E, Gasperini C, Solaro C. Harmonization of real-world studies in multiple sclerosis: Retrospective analysis from the rirems group. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 45:102394. [PMID: 32683308 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide multiple sclerosis (MS) centers have coordinated their efforts to use data acquired in clinical practice for real-world observational studies. In this retrospective study, we aim to harmonize outcome measures, and to evaluate their heterogeneity within the Rising Italian Researchers in MS (RIReMS) study group. METHODS RIReMS members filled in a structured questionnaire evaluating the use of different outcome measures in clinical practice. Thereafter, thirty-four already-published papers from RIReMS centers were used for heterogeneity analyses, using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method to compute the between-study variance (τ2). RESULTS Based on questionnaire results, we defined basic modules for diagnosis and follow-up, consisting of outcome measures recorded by all participating centers at the time of diagnosis, and, then, at least annually; we also defined more detailed/optional modules, with outcome measures recorded less frequently and/or in the presence of specific clinical indications. Looking at heterogeneity, we found 5-year variance in age at onset (ES=27.34; 95%CI=26.18, 28.49; p<0.01; τ2=4.76), and 7% in female percent (ES=66.42; 95%CI=63.08, 69.76; p<0.01; τ2=7.15). EDSS variance was 0.2 in studies including patients with average age <36.1 years (ES=1.96; 95%CI=1.69, 2.24; p<0.01; τ2=0.19), or from 36.8 to 41.1 years (ES=2.70; 95%CI=2.39, 3.01; p<0.01; τ2=0.18), but increased to 3 in studies including patients aged >41.4 years (ES=4.37; 95%CI=3.40, 5.35; p<0.01; τ2=2.96). The lowest variance of relapse rate was found in studies with follow-up duration ≤2 years (ES=9.07; 95%CI=5.21, 12.93; p = 0.02; τ2=5.53), whilst the lowest variance in EDSS progression was found in studies with follow-up duration >2 years (ES=5.41; 95%CI=3.22, 7.60; p = 0.02; τ2=1.00). DISCUSSION We suggest common sets of biomarkers to be acquired in clinical practice, that can be used for research purposes. Also, we provide researchers with specific indications for improving inclusion criteria and data analysis, ultimately allowing data harmonization and high-quality collaborative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Moccia
- MS Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Federico II University of Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Cavalla
- MS Center, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, AOU City of Health & Science University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cordioli
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Diana Ferraro
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alberto Gajofatto
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Lanzillo
- MS Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neuroscience, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Alice Laroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorena Lorefice
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simona Mallucchi
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Viviana Nociti
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Paolicelli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | | | - Luca Prosperini
- Department of Neurosciences, Ospedale San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Radaelli
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ragonese
- Department of Biomedicine Neurosciences and advanced Diagnostic (BiND), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Tomassini
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy; MS Centre, Neurology Unit, SS. Annunziata University Hospital, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Tortorella
- Department of Neurosciences, Ospedale San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudio Gasperini
- Department of Neurosciences, Ospedale San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Solaro
- Rehabilitation Department, Mons. L. Novarese, Moncrivello, Vercelli, Italy
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48
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The "Treatise on the spleen and stomach" ( Pí Wèi Lùn) as the first record of multiple sclerosis in the medical literature - A hypothesis based on the analysis of clinical presentation and herbal medicine. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:288-300. [PMID: 32670824 PMCID: PMC7340878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The “Treatise on the spleen and stomach” (Pí Wèi Lùn) is the work of the scholar and physician Li Gao (Jin-Yuan dynasties, 1115–1368 C.E., China). Li Gao described a clinical presentation that today would fall under the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and proposed the treatment with herbal medicine and nutritional guidelines. The PWL is well known for its application in the treatment of MS and autoimmune conditions. However, this theoretical “MS” has not yet been analyzed through a scientific investigation, and research on its herbal formulations for MS is scant. Methods We analyzed the PWL “MS” clinical presentation considering biomedical diagnostic criteria and neurological correlates. To support our review, we searched Pubmed for studies on the PWL main herbal formulas and their herbs/isolates used for the believed “MS” which treated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)/MS. Results We found a very close correlation between the PWL “MS” and the current MS diagnosis. Twenty four studies on the herbs-isolates showed significant amelioration of EAE, neuronal damage, and demyelination. Discussion Collectively, Astragali radix, Ginseng radix, Glycyrrhizae radix, and berberine containing Phellodendri cortex reduced the severity of EAE through different signaling pathways and mechanisms of action. These herbs provided a wide range of properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microglial activation, anti-infiltration of leukocytes, apoptotic/anti-apoptotic balance, and neuronal protection. Conclusion Our review proposes that the PWL is the first record of MS in the medical literature. Its formulas and herbs-isolates offer a fertile area for MS research and an invaluable potential for its treatment. We propose that the Pí Wèi Lùn is the first record of MS in the medical literature. All twenty four studies on the PWL’s selected herbs/isolates showed improvement of EAE. Different signaling pathways/mechanisms of action provided synergistic properties. In the PWL, the gastrointestinal system is key for MS and science supports it. The PWL offers a fertile area of research and enormous potential for MS treatment.
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Saresella M, Marventano I, Barone M, La Rosa F, Piancone F, Mendozzi L, d'Arma A, Rossi V, Pugnetti L, Roda G, Casagni E, Cas MD, Paroni R, Brigidi P, Turroni S, Clerici M. Alterations in Circulating Fatty Acid Are Associated With Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1390. [PMID: 32733460 PMCID: PMC7358580 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Butyric acid (BA) is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) with anti-inflammatory properties, which promotes intestinal barrier function. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), including caproic acid (CA), promote TH1 and TH17 differentiation, thus supporting inflammation. Aim: Since most SCFAs are absorbed in the cecum and colon, the measurement of BA in peripheral blood could provide information on the health status of the intestinal ecosystem. Additionally, given the different immunomodulatory properties of BA and CA the evaluation of their serum concentration, as well as their ratio could be as a simple and rapid biomarker of disease activity and/or treatment efficacy in MS. Methods: We evaluated serum BA and CA concentrations, immune parameters, intestinal barrier integrity and the gut microbiota composition in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) comparing result to those obtained in healthy controls. Results: In MS, the concentration of BA was reduced and that of CA was increased. Concurrently, the microbiota was depleted of BA producers while it was enriched in mucin-degrading, pro-inflammatory components. The reduced serum concentration of BA seen in MS patients correlated with alterations of the barrier permeability, as evidenced by the higher plasma concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, and inflammation. Specifically, CA was positively associated with CD4+/IFNγ+ T lymphocytes, and the BA/CA ratio correlated positively with CD4+/CD25high/Foxp3+ and negatively with CD4+/IFNγ+ T lymphocytes. Conclusion: The gut microbiota dysbiosis found in MS is possibly associated with alterations of the SCFA/MCFA ratio and of the intestinal barrier; this could explain the chronic inflammation that characterizes this disease. SCFA and MCFA quantification could be a simple biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic and rehabilitation procedures in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monica Barone
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabriella Roda
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Casagni
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Rita Paroni
- Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Microbial Ecology of Health Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- Pathophysiology and Trasplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Tian P, Lu X, Jin N, Shi J. Knockdown of ghrelin-O-acyltransferase attenuates colitis through the modulation of inflammatory factors and tight junction proteins in the intestinal epithelium. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1681-1690. [PMID: 32281710 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin-O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is a membrane-bound enzyme that attaches eight-carbon octanoate to a serine residue in ghrelin and thereby acylates inactive ghrelin to produce active ghrelin. In this study, we investigated the function of GOAT in the intestinal mucosal barrier. The intestinal mucosal barrier prevents harmful substances such as bacteria and endotoxin from entering the other tissues, organs, and blood circulation through the intestinal mucosa. Here, we established 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and found that the body weight and colon weight were significantly decreased in these mice. Furthermore, increased inflammation and apoptosis were observed in the tissues of DSS-induced colitis mice, with increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B-p65 (p-NF-κB-p65), and cleaved caspase-3, and decreased expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins such as zonula occluden-1 and occludin. The knockdown of GOAT significantly attenuated colitis-induced inflammation responses and apoptosis, while GOAT overexpression significantly enhanced the induction of colitis. These results suggest that knockdown of GOAT may attenuate colitis-induced inflammation, ulcers, and fecal occult blood by decreasing the intestinal mucosal permeability via the modulation of inflammatory factors and TJ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Tian
- Department of Digestion, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolan Lu
- Department of Digestion, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Nuyun Jin
- Department of Digestion, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Shi
- Department of Digestion, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China
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