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Immler R, Nussbaumer K, Doerner A, El Bounkari O, Huber S, Abisch J, Napoli M, Schmidt S, Margraf A, Pruenster M, Rohwedder I, Lange-Sperandio B, Mall MA, de Jong R, Ohnmacht C, Bernhagen J, Voehringer D, Marth JD, Frommhold D, Sperandio M. CCR3-dependent eosinophil recruitment is regulated by sialyltransferase ST3Gal-IV. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319057121. [PMID: 38687790 PMCID: PMC11087806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319057121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophil recruitment is a pathological hallmark of many allergic and helminthic diseases. Here, we investigated chemokine receptor CCR3-induced eosinophil recruitment in sialyltransferase St3gal4-/- mice. We found a marked decrease in eosinophil extravasation into CCL11-stimulated cremaster muscles and into the inflamed peritoneal cavity of St3gal4-/- mice. Ex vivo flow chamber assays uncovered reduced adhesion of St3gal4-/- compared to wild type eosinophils. Using flow cytometry, we show reduced binding of CCL11 to St3gal4-/- eosinophils. Further, we noted reduced binding of CCL11 to its chemokine receptor CCR3 isolated from St3gal4-/- eosinophils. This was accompanied by almost absent CCR3 internalization of CCL11-stimulated St3gal4-/- eosinophils. Applying an ovalbumin-induced allergic airway disease model, we found a dramatic reduction in eosinophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following intratracheal challenge with ovalbumin in St3gal4-deficient mice. Finally, we also investigated tissue-resident eosinophils under homeostatic conditions and found reduced resident eosinophil numbers in the thymus and adipose tissue in the absence of ST3Gal-IV. Taken together, our results demonstrate an important role of ST3Gal-IV in CCR3-induced eosinophil recruitment in vivo rendering this enzyme an attractive target in reducing unwanted eosinophil infiltration in various disorders including allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Immler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Katrin Nussbaumer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Axel Doerner
- Department of Neonatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg69120, Germany
| | - Omar El Bounkari
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München81377, Germany
| | - Silke Huber
- Institute of Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München80336, Germany
| | - Janine Abisch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Matteo Napoli
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Sarah Schmidt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Andreas Margraf
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Monika Pruenster
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Ina Rohwedder
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Baerbel Lange-Sperandio
- von Haunersches Kinderspital, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München80336, Germany
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin13353, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin10117, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research, Associated Partner Site, Berlin13353, Germany
| | - Renske de Jong
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, München80802, Germany
| | - Caspar Ohnmacht
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, München80802, Germany
| | - Juergen Bernhagen
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München81377, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, München81377, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, München80336, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Institute of Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München80336, Germany
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen91054, Germany
| | - Jamey D. Marth
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, San Diego, CA92037
| | - David Frommhold
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
- Children’s Hospital Memmingen, Memmingen87700, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, PLanegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
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Day KS, Rempel L, Rossi FMV, Theret M. Origins and functions of eosinophils in two non-mucosal tissues. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368142. [PMID: 38585275 PMCID: PMC10995313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are a type of granulocyte named after the presence of their eosin-stained granules. Traditionally, eosinophils have been best known to play prominent roles in anti-parasitic responses and mediating allergic reactions. Knowledge of their behaviour has expanded with time, and they are now recognized to play integral parts in the homeostasis of gastrointestinal, respiratory, skeletal muscle, adipose, and connective tissue systems. As such, they are implicated in a myriad of pathologies, and have been the target of several medical therapies. This review focuses on the lifespan of eosinophils, from their origins in the bone marrow, to their tissue-resident role. In particular, we wish to highlight the functions of eosinophils in non-mucosal tissues with skeletal muscle and the adipose tissues as examples, and to discuss the current understanding of their participation in diseased states in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S. Day
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Rempel
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fabio M. V. Rossi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marine Theret
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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3
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Feng H, Feng J, Han X, Ying Y, Lou W, Liu L, Zhang L. The Potential of Siglecs and Sialic Acids as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Tumor Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:289. [PMID: 38254780 PMCID: PMC10813689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of sialic acid is closely associated with oncogenesis and tumor progression. Most tumor cells exhibit sialic acid upregulation. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are receptors that recognize sialic acid and are expressed in various immune cells. The activity of Siglecs in the tumor microenvironment promotes immune escape, mirroring the mechanisms of the well-characterized PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in cancer. Cancer cells utilize sialic acid-linked glycans to evade immune surveillance. As Siglecs exhibit similar mechanisms as the established immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), they are potential therapeutic targets for different forms of cancer, especially ICI-resistant malignancies. Additionally, the upregulation of sialic acid serves as a potential tumor biomarker. This review examines the feasibility of using sialic acid and Siglecs for early malignant tumor detection and discusses the potential of targeting Siglec-sialic acid interaction as a novel cancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokang Feng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (H.F.); (J.F.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.)
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiale Feng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (H.F.); (J.F.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.)
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (H.F.); (J.F.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.)
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (H.F.); (J.F.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.)
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenhui Lou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (H.F.); (J.F.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.)
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- The Shanghai Geriatrics Medical Center, Zhongshan Hospital MinHang MeiLong Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (H.F.); (J.F.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.)
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (H.F.); (J.F.); (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (W.L.)
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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4
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Awoyemi T, Zhang W, Rahbar M, Cribbs A, Logenthiran P, Jiang S, Collett G, Cerdeira AS, Vatish M. A cross-sectional analysis of syncytiotrophoblast membrane extracellular vesicles-derived transcriptomic biomarkers in early-onset preeclampsia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1291642. [PMID: 38099221 PMCID: PMC10720444 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1291642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder affecting 2%-8% of pregnancies worldwide. Biomarker(s) for the disorder exists, but while these have excellent negative predictive value, their positive predictive value is poor. Extracellular vesicles released by the placenta into the maternal circulation, syncytiotrophoblast membrane extracellular vesicles (STB-EVs), have been identified as being involved in PE with the potential to act as liquid biopsies. Objective The objective of this study was to identify the difference in the transcriptome of placenta and STB-EVs between preeclampsia and normal pregnancy (NP) and mechanistic pathways. Methods/study design We performed RNA-sequencing on placental tissue, medium/large and small STB-EVs from PE (n = 6) and NP (n = 6), followed by bioinformatic analysis to identify targets that could be used in the future for EV-based diagnostic tests for preeclampsia. Some of the identified biomarkers were validated with real-time polymerase chain reactions. Results Our analysis identified a difference in the transcriptomic STB-EV cargo between PE and NP. We then identified and verified the differential expression of FLNB, COL17A1, SLC45A4, LEP, HTRA4, PAPP-A2, EBI3, HSD17B1, FSTL3, INHBA, SIGLEC6, and CGB3. Our analysis also identified interesting mechanistic processes via an in silico prediction of STB-EV-based mechanistic pathways. Conclusions In this study, using comprehensive profiling of differentially expressed/carried genes of three linked sample subtypes in PE, we identified potential biomarkers and mechanistic gene pathways that may be important in the pathophysiology of PE and could be further explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toluwalase Awoyemi
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Rahbar
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Cribbs
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Prasanna Logenthiran
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shuhan Jiang
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Collett
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Sofia Cerdeira
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Radtke D, Voehringer D. Granulocyte development, tissue recruitment, and function during allergic inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249977. [PMID: 36929502 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Granulocytes provide a fast innate response to pathogens and allergens. In allergy and anti-helminth immunity, epithelial cells of damaged barriers release alarmins like IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) but also chemokines like CXCL1 or CCL11 to promote cell recruitment and inflammation. In addition, mast cells positioned at barrier tissue sites also quickly release mediators upon specifically sensing antigens through IgE bound to FcεR1 on their surface. Released mediators induce the recruitment of different granulocytes in a timely ordered manner. First, neutrophils extravasate from the blood vasculature to the side of alarmin release and promote a potent inflammatory response. Alarmins and activated mast cells further promote activation of ILC2s and recruitment of basophils and eosinophils, which inhibit neutrophil recruitment and enhance tissue type 2 immunity. In addition to their potent pro-inflammatory effector functions, granulocytes can also contribute to termination and resolution of inflammation. Here, we summarize the development and tissue recruitment of granulocyte subsets, and describe general effector functions and aspects of their increasingly appreciated role in limiting tissue damage. We further discuss targeting approaches for therapeutic interventions in allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Radtke
- Department of Infection Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Li J, Ruggiero-Ruff RE, He Y, Qiu X, Lainez N, Villa P, Godzik A, Coss D, Nair MG. Sexual dimorphism in obesity is governed by RELMα regulation of adipose macrophages and eosinophils. eLife 2023; 12:86001. [PMID: 37162190 PMCID: PMC10171862 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity incidence is increasing worldwide with the urgent need to identify new therapeutics. Sex differences in immune cell activation drive obesity-mediated pathologies where males are more susceptible to obesity comorbidities and exacerbated inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that the macrophage-secreted protein RELMα critically protects females against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Compared to male mice, serum RELMα levels were higher in both control and HFD-fed females and correlated with frequency of adipose macrophages and eosinophils. RELMα-deficient females gained more weight and had proinflammatory macrophage accumulation and eosinophil loss in the adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF), while RELMα treatment or eosinophil transfer rescued this phenotype. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of the adipose SVF was performed and identified sex and RELMα-dependent changes. Genes involved in oxygen sensing and iron homeostasis, including hemoglobin and lncRNA Gm47283/Gm21887, correlated with increased obesity, while eosinophil chemotaxis and response to amyloid-beta were protective. Monocyte-to-macrophage transition was also dysregulated in RELMα-deficient animals. Collectively, these studies implicate a RELMα-macrophage-eosinophil axis in sex-specific protection against obesity and uncover new therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, United States
| | - Rebecca E Ruggiero-Ruff
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, United States
| | - Yuxin He
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, United States
| | - Xinru Qiu
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California Riverside, Riverside, United States
| | - Nancy Lainez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, United States
| | - Pedro Villa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, United States
| | - Adam Godzik
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, United States
| | - Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, United States
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, United States
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Abstract
The term "allergic diseases" encompasses several common, IgE-mediated conditions that range from being annoying to those that are life-threatening. Available treatments include active avoidance of the instigating allergen and the use of a variety of oral, inhaled, intranasal, intraocular and injected agents. While most individuals with allergies do well with existing therapies, there are still unmet therapeutic needs. Siglecs (sialic acid-binding, immunoglobulin-like lectins) are a family of single-pass transmembrane I-type lectins found on various subsets of cells, especially those of the immune system. All Siglecs have extracellular domains recognizing sialoside ligands, and most contain cytoplasmic domains with inhibitory signaling activity. This review focuses on Siglecs that likely play a role in regulating allergic and asthmatic responses, and how specific Siglecs, expressed on cells such as eosinophils and mast cells, are being targeted for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jeremy A O'Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
Apoptosis is central for the maintenance of health. In the immune system, apoptosis guarantees proper development of immune cells and shutdown of immune reactions by the coordinated elimination of activated immune cells. Limitation of the life span of granulocytes is important, as overactivation of these cells is associated with chronic inflammation and collateral tissue damage. Consequently, targeted induction of granulocyte apoptosis may be beneficial in the course of respective immune disorders. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as glucocorticoids and monoclonal antibodies against IL-5Rα exert their function in part by triggering eosinophil apoptosis. Agonistic antibodies targeting Siglec-8 or death receptors are tested (pre)clinically. Moreover, a new class of inhibitors targeting antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins shows great promise for anticancer treatments. Because of their specificity and tolerable side effects, these so-called BH3 mimetics may be worthwhile to evaluate in inflammatory disorders. Here, we review past and recent data on pharmacological apoptosis induction of granulocytes and highlight respective therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; ,
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; , .,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
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Awoyemi T, Cerdeira AS, Zhang W, Jiang S, Rahbar M, Logenthiran P, Redman C, Vatish M. Preeclampsia and syncytiotrophoblast membrane extracellular vesicles (STB-EVs). Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1793-807. [PMID: 36511102 DOI: 10.1042/CS20220149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive complication of pregnancy that affects 2-8% of women worldwide and is one of the leading causes of maternal deaths and premature birth. PE can occur early in pregnancy (<34 weeks gestation) or late in pregnancy (>34 weeks gestation). Whilst the placenta is clearly implicated in early onset PE (EOPE), late onset PE (LOPE) is less clear with some believing the disease is entirely maternal whilst others believe that there is an interplay between maternal systems and the placenta. In both types of PE, the syncytiotrophoblast (STB), the layer of the placenta in direct contact with maternal blood, is stressed. In EOPE, the STB is oxidatively stressed in early pregnancy (leading to PE later in gestation- the two-stage model) whilst in LOPE the STB is stressed because of villous overcrowding and senescence later in pregnancy. It is this stress that perturbs maternal systems leading to the clinical manifestations of PE. Whilst some of the molecular species driving this stress have been identified, none completely explain the multisystem nature of PE. Syncytiotrophoblast membrane vesicles (STB-EVs) are a potential contributor to this multisystem disorder. STB-EVs are released into the maternal circulation in increasing amounts with advancing gestational age, and this release is further exacerbated with stress. There are good in vitro evidence that STB-EVs are taken up by macrophages and liver cells with additional evidence supporting endothelial cell uptake. STB-EV targeting remains in the early stages of discovery. In this review, we highlight the role of STB-EVs in PE. In relation to current research, we discuss different protocols for ex vivo isolation of STB-EVs, as well as specific issues involving tissue preparation, isolation (some of which may be unique to STB-EVs), and methods for their analysis. We suggest potential solutions for these challenges.
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10
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Kim DW, Tu KJ, Wei A, Lau AJ, Gonzalez-Gil A, Cao T, Braunstein K, Ling JP, Troncoso JC, Wong PC, Blackshaw S, Schnaar RL, Li T. Amyloid-beta and tau pathologies act synergistically to induce novel disease stage-specific microglia subtypes. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:83. [PMID: 36536457 PMCID: PMC9762062 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amongst risk alleles associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), those that converged on the regulation of microglia activity have emerged as central to disease progression. Yet, how canonical amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathologies regulate microglia subtypes during the progression of AD remains poorly understood. METHODS We use single-cell RNA-sequencing to profile microglia subtypes from mice exhibiting both Aβ and tau pathologies across disease progression. We identify novel microglia subtypes that are induced in response to both Aβ and tau pathologies in a disease-stage-specific manner. To validate the observation in AD mouse models, we also generated a snRNA-Seq dataset from the human superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and entorhinal cortex (ERC) at different Braak stages. RESULTS We show that during early-stage disease, interferon signaling induces a subtype of microglia termed Early-stage AD-Associated Microglia (EADAM) in response to both Aβ and tau pathologies. During late-stage disease, a second microglia subtype termed Late-stage AD-Associated Microglia (LADAM) is detected. While similar microglia subtypes are observed in other models of neurodegenerative disease, the magnitude and composition of gene signatures found in EADAM and LADAM are distinct, suggesting the necessity of both Aβ and tau pathologies to elicit their emergence. Importantly, the pattern of EADAM- and LADAM-associated gene expression is observed in microglia from AD brains, during the early (Braak II)- or late (Braak VI/V)- stage of the disease, respectively. Furthermore, we show that several Siglec genes are selectively expressed in either EADAM or LADAM. Siglecg is expressed in white-matter-associated LADAM, and expression of Siglec-10, the human orthologue of Siglecg, is progressively elevated in an AD-stage-dependent manner but not shown in non-AD tauopathy. CONCLUSIONS Using scRNA-Seq in mouse models bearing amyloid-β and/or tau pathologies, we identify novel microglia subtypes induced by the combination of Aβ and tau pathologies in a disease stage-specific manner. Our findings suggest that both Aβ and tau pathologies are required for the disease stage-specific induction of EADAM and LADAM. In addition, we revealed Siglecs as biomarkers of AD progression and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Won Kim
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Kevin J. Tu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Alice Wei
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Ashley J. Lau
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Anabel Gonzalez-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Tianyu Cao
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Kerstin Braunstein
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Jonathan P. Ling
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Juan C. Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Philip C. Wong
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Ronald L. Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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11
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Gurski CJ, Dittel BN. Myeloperoxidase as a Marker to Differentiate Mouse Monocyte/Macrophage Subsets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8246. [PMID: 35897821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are present in every tissue in the body and play essential roles in homeostasis and host defense against microorganisms. Some tissue macrophages derive from the yolk sac/fetal liver that populate tissues for life. Other tissue macrophages derive from monocytes that differentiate in the bone marrow and circulate through tissues via the blood and lymphatics. Circulating monocytes are very plastic and differentiate into macrophages with specialized functions upon entering tissues. Specialized monocyte/macrophage subsets have been difficult to differentiate based on cell surface markers. Here, using a combination of "pan" monocyte/macrophage markers and flow cytometry, we asked whether myeloperoxidase (MPO) could be used as a marker of pro-inflammatory monocyte/macrophage subsets. MPO is of interest because of its potent microbicidal activity. In wild-type SPF housed mice, we found that MPO+ monocytes/macrophages were present in peripheral blood, spleen, small and large intestines, and mesenteric lymph nodes, but not the central nervous system. Only monocytes/macrophages that expressed cell surface F4/80 and/or Ly6C co-expressed MPO with the highest expression in F4/80HiLy6CHi subsets regardless of tissue. These cumulative data indicate that MPO expression can be used as an additional marker to differentiate between monocyte/macrophage subsets with pro-inflammatory and microbicidal activity in a variety of tissues.
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12
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Gonzalez-Gil A, Porell RN, Fernandes SM, Maenpaa E, Li TA, Li T, Wong PC, Aoki K, Tiemeyer M, Yu ZJ, Orsburn BC, Bumpus NN, Matthews RT, Schnaar RL. Human brain sialoglycan ligand for CD33, a microglial inhibitory Siglec implicated in Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101960. [PMID: 35452678 PMCID: PMC9130525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of misfolded proteins. Genetic studies implicate microglia, brain-resident phagocytic immune cells, in AD pathogenesis. As positive effectors, microglia clear toxic proteins, whereas as negative effectors, they release proinflammatory mediators. An imbalance of these functions contributes to AD progression. Polymorphisms of human CD33, an inhibitory microglial receptor, are linked to AD susceptibility; higher CD33 expression correlates with increased AD risk. CD33, also called Siglec-3, is a member of the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin (Siglec) family of immune regulatory receptors. Siglec-mediated inhibition is initiated by binding to complementary sialoglycan ligands in the tissue environment. Here, we identify a single sialoglycoprotein in human cerebral cortex that binds CD33 as well as Siglec-8, the most abundant Siglec on human microglia. The ligand, which we term receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta (RPTPζ)S3L, is composed of sialylated keratan sulfate chains carried on a minor isoform/glycoform of RPTPζ (phosphacan) and is found in the extracellular milieu of the human brain parenchyma. Brains from human AD donors had twofold higher levels of RPTPζS3L than age-matched control donors, raising the possibility that RPTPζS3L overexpression limits misfolded protein clearance contributing to AD pathology. Mice express the same structure, a sialylated keratan sulfate RPTPζ isoform, that binds mouse Siglec-F and crossreacts with human CD33 and Siglec-8. Brains from mice engineered to lack RPTPζ, the sialyltransferase St3gal4, or the keratan sulfate sulfotransferase Chst1 lacked Siglec binding, establishing the ligand structure. The unique CD33 and Siglec-8 ligand, RPTPζS3L, may contribute to AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Gonzalez-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan N Porell
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steve M Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eila Maenpaa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - T August Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Zaikuan J Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin C Orsburn
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Namandjé N Bumpus
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell T Matthews
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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13
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Roberts LB, Berkachy R, Wane M, Patel DF, Schnoeller C, Lord GM, Gounaris K, Ryffel B, Quesniaux V, Darby M, Horsnell WGC, Selkirk ME. Differential Regulation of Allergic Airway Inflammation by Acetylcholine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893844. [PMID: 35711456 PMCID: PMC9196131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) from neuronal and non-neuronal sources plays an important role in the regulation of immune responses and is associated with the development of several disease pathologies. We have previously demonstrated that group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2)-derived ACh is required for optimal type 2 responses to parasitic infection and therefore sought to determine whether this also plays a role in allergic inflammation. RoraCre+ChatLoxP mice (in which ILC2s cannot synthesize ACh) were exposed to an allergenic extract of the fungus Alternaria alternata, and immune responses in the airways and lung tissues were analyzed. Airway neutrophilia and expression of the neutrophil chemoattractants CXCL1 and CXCL2 were enhanced 24 h after exposure, suggesting that ILC2-derived ACh plays a role in limiting excessive pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation. The effect of non-selective depletion of ACh was examined by intranasal administration of a stable parasite-secreted acetylcholinesterase. Depletion of airway ACh in this manner resulted in a more profound enhancement of neutrophilia and chemokine expression, suggesting multiple cellular sources for the release of ACh. In contrast, depletion of ACh inhibited Alternaria-induced activation of ILC2s, suppressing the expression of IL-5, IL-13, and subsequent eosinophilia. Depletion of ACh reduced macrophages with an alternatively activated M2 phenotype and an increase in M1 macrophage marker expression. These data suggest that ACh regulates allergic airway inflammation in several ways, enhancing ILC2-driven eosinophilia but suppressing neutrophilia through reduced chemokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke B. Roberts
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Luke B. Roberts, ; Murray E. Selkirk,
| | - Rita Berkachy
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Madina Wane
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dhiren F. Patel
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Corinna Schnoeller
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham M. Lord
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kleoniki Gounaris
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, Orléans, France
| | - Valerie Quesniaux
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, Orléans, France
| | - Matthew Darby
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William G. C. Horsnell
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, Orléans, France,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Murray E. Selkirk
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Luke B. Roberts, ; Murray E. Selkirk,
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14
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McCord KA, Macauley MS. Transgenic mouse models to study the physiological and pathophysiological roles of human Siglecs. Biochem Soc Trans 2022:BST20211203. [PMID: 35383825 DOI: 10.1042/BST20211203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are important immunomodulatory receptors. Due to differences between human and mouse Siglecs, defining the in vivo roles for human Siglecs (hSiglecs) can be challenging. One solution is the development and use of hSiglec transgenic mice to assess the physiological roles of hSiglecs in health and disease. These transgenic mice can also serve as important models for the pre-clinical testing of immunomodulatory approaches that are based on targeting hSiglecs. Four general methods have been used to create hSiglec-expressing transgenic mice, each with associated advantages and disadvantages. To date, transgenic mouse models expressing hSiglec-2 (CD22), -3 (CD33), -7, -8, -9, -11, and -16 have been created. This review focuses on both the generation of these hSiglec transgenic mice, along with the important findings that have been made through their study. Cumulatively, hSiglec transgenic mouse models are providing a deeper understanding of the differences between human and mice orthologs/paralogs, mechanisms by which Siglecs regulate immune cell signaling, physiological roles of Siglecs in disease, and different paradigms where targeting Siglecs may be therapeutically advantageous.
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15
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Vuchkovska A, Glanville DG, Scurti GM, Nishimura MI, White P, Ulijasz AT, Iwashima M. Siglec-5 is an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule for human T cells. Immunology 2022; 166:238-248. [PMID: 35290663 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are a family of immunoglobulin-type lectins that mediate protein-carbohydrate interactions via sialic acids attached to glycoproteins or glycolipids. Most of the CD33-related Siglecs (CD33rSiglecs), a major subfamily of rapidly evolving Siglecs, contain a cytoplasmic signaling domain consisting of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) and mediate suppressive signals for lymphoid and myeloid cells. While most CD33rSiglecs are expressed by innate immune cells, such as monocytes and neutrophils, to date, the expression of Siglecs in human T cells has not been well appreciated. In this study, we found that Siglec-5, a member of the CD33rSiglecs, is expressed by most activated T cells upon antigen receptor stimulation. Functionally, Siglec-5 suppresses T cell activation. In support of these findings, we found that Siglec-5 overexpression abrogates antigen receptor induced activation of NFAT and AP-1. Furthermore, we show that GBS β-protein, a known bacterial ligand of Siglec-5, reduces the production of cytokines and cytolytic molecules by activated primary T cells in a Siglec-5 dependent manner. Our data also show that some cancer cell lines express a putative Siglec-5 ligand(s), and that the presence of soluble Siglec-5 enhances tumor-cell specific T cell activation, suggesting that some tumor cells inhibit T cell activation via Siglec-5. Together, our data demonstrate that Siglec-5 is a previously unrecognized inhibitory T cell immune checkpoint molecule and suggest that blockade of Siglec-5 could serve as a new strategy to enhance anti-tumor T cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Vuchkovska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Van Kampen Cardiopulmonary Research Laboratory, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - David G Glanville
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Gina M Scurti
- Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Michael I Nishimura
- Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Paula White
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Andrew T Ulijasz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Makio Iwashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Van Kampen Cardiopulmonary Research Laboratory, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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16
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Westermann S, Dietschmann A, Doehler D, Castiglione K, Bochner BS, Voehringer D, Radtke D. Siglec-F Promotes IL-33-Induced Cytokine Release from Bone Marrow-Derived Eosinophils Independently of the ITIM and ITIM-like Motif Phosphorylation. J Immunol 2022; 208:732-744. [PMID: 34996839 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are potent innate effector cells associated mainly with type 2 immune responses elicited by helminths and allergens. Their activity needs to be tightly controlled to prevent severe inflammation and tissue damage. Eosinophil degranulation and secretion of inflammatory effector molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators, can be regulated by activating and inhibitory receptors on the cell surface. In this study, we investigated the modulation of proliferation, apoptosis, gene expression, and cytokine/chemokine secretion from IL-33-activated Mus musculus eosinophils on cross-linking of the transmembrane receptor Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin F (Siglec-F). Siglec-F contains an ITIM plus an ITIM-like motif in its intracellular tail and is mainly regarded as an inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing receptor. In vitro costimulation of bone marrow-derived eosinophils with anti-Siglec-F and IL-33 compared with treatment with either alone led to enhanced STAT6 phosphorylation, stronger induction of hypoxia/glycolysis-related proinflammatory genes, and elevated secretion of type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) and chemokines (CCL3, CCL4) with only minor effects on proliferation and apoptosis. Using a competitive mixed bone marrow chimera approach with wild-type and Siglec-F-deficient eosinophils, we observed no evidence for Siglec-F-regulated inhibition of Aspergillus fumigatus-elicited lung eosinophilia. Truncation of the Siglec-F cytoplasmic tail, but not mutation of the ITIM and ITIM-like motifs, ablated the effect of enhanced cytokine/chemokine secretion. This provides evidence for an ITIM phosphorylation-independent signaling pathway from the cytoplasmic tail of the Siglec-F receptor that enhances effector molecule release from activated eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Westermann
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Axel Dietschmann
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Daniela Doehler
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Kirstin Castiglione
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Daniel Radtke
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; and
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17
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Guthier HE, Zimmermann N. Targeting Eosinophils in Mouse Models of Asthma. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2506:211-222. [PMID: 35771474 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2364-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells that accumulate significantly in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with asthma and models of allergic airway inflammation. Their role in the pathophysiology of asthma and other diseases can be studied using mouse models in which eosinophils are depleted. This review article focuses on two main approaches for depleting eosinophils in vivo, antibody-mediated and genetic models. Specific antibodies and genetic models are reviewed, along with their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope E Guthier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nives Zimmermann
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics (Cincinnati Children's Hospital), University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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18
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Kaifu T, Yabe R, Maruhashi T, Chung SH, Tateno H, Fujikado N, Hirabayashi J, Iwakura Y. DCIR and its ligand asialo-biantennary N-glycan regulate DC function and osteoclastogenesis. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210435. [PMID: 34817551 PMCID: PMC8624811 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is a C-type lectin receptor with a carbohydrate recognition domain and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif. Previously, we showed that Dcir-/- mice spontaneously develop autoimmune enthesitis and sialadenitis, and also develop metabolic bone abnormalities. However, the ligands for DCIR functionality remain to be elucidated. Here we showed that DCIR is expressed on osteoclasts and DCs and binds to an asialo-biantennary N-glycan(s) (NA2) on bone cells and myeloid cells. Osteoclastogenesis was enhanced in Dcir-/- cells, and NA2 inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Neuraminidase treatment, which exposes excess NA2 by removing the terminal sialic acid of N-glycans, suppressed osteoclastogenesis and DC function. Neuraminidase treatment of mice ameliorated collagen-induced arthritis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in a DCIR-dependent manner, due to suppression of antigen presentation by DCs. These results suggest that DCIR activity is regulated by the modification of the terminal sialylation of biantennary N-glycans, and this interaction is important for the control of both autoimmune and bone metabolic diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Cells, Cultured
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/physiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics
- N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/metabolism
- Neuraminidase/metabolism
- Neuraminidase/pharmacology
- Osteoclasts/metabolism
- Osteogenesis/physiology
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Kaifu
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institution for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rikio Yabe
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institution for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takumi Maruhashi
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institution for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institution for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Glycan Lectin Engineering Team, Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Fujikado
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institution for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun Hirabayashi
- Glycan Lectin Engineering Team, Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institution for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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19
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Abstract
A dense and diverse array of glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids decorate all cell surfaces. In vertebrates, many of these carry sialic acid, in a variety of linkages and glycan contexts, as their outermost sugar moiety. Among their functions, glycans engage complementary glycan binding proteins (lectins) to regulate cell physiology. Among the glycan binding proteins are the Siglecs, sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins. In humans, there are 14 Siglecs, most of which are expressed on overlapping subsets of immune system cells. Each Siglec engages distinct, endogenous sialylated glycans that initiate signaling programs and regulate cellular responses. Here, we explore the emerging science of Siglec ligands, including endogenous sialoglycoproteins and glycolipids and synthetic sialomimetics. Knowledge in this field promises to reveal new molecular pathways controlling cell physiology and new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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20
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Youngblood BA, Leung J, Falahati R, Williams J, Schanin J, Brock EC, Singh B, Chang AT, O'Sullivan JA, Schleimer RP, Tomasevic N, Bebbington CR, Bochner BS. Discovery, Function, and Therapeutic Targeting of Siglec-8. Cells 2020; 10:E19. [PMID: 33374255 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are single-pass cell surface receptors that have inhibitory activities on immune cells. Among these, Siglec-8 is a CD33-related family member selectively expressed on human mast cells and eosinophils, and at low levels on basophils. These cells can participate in inflammatory responses by releasing mediators that attract or activate other cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of allergic and non-allergic diseases. Since its discovery in 2000, initial in vitro studies have found that the engagement of Siglec-8 with a monoclonal antibody or with selective polyvalent sialoglycan ligands induced the cell death of eosinophils and inhibited mast cell degranulation. Anti-Siglec-8 antibody administration in vivo to humanized and transgenic mice selectively expressing Siglec-8 on mouse eosinophils and mast cells confirmed the in vitro findings, and identified additional anti-inflammatory effects. AK002 (lirentelimab) is a humanized non-fucosylated IgG1 antibody against Siglec-8 in clinical development for mast cell- and eosinophil-mediated diseases. AK002 administration has safely demonstrated the inhibition of mast cell activity and the depletion of eosinophils in several phase 1 and phase 2 trials. This article reviews the discovery and functions of Siglec-8, and strategies for its therapeutic targeting for the treatment of eosinophil- and mast cell-associated diseases.
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21
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Morshed N, Ralvenius WT, Nott A, Watson LA, Rodriguez FH, Akay LA, Joughin BA, Pao P, Penney J, LaRocque L, Mastroeni D, Tsai L, White FM. Phosphoproteomics identifies microglial Siglec-F inflammatory response during neurodegeneration. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9819. [PMID: 33289969 PMCID: PMC7722784 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the appearance of amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and inflammation in brain regions involved in memory. Using mass spectrometry, we have quantified the phosphoproteome of the CK-p25, 5XFAD, and Tau P301S mouse models of neurodegeneration. We identified a shared response involving Siglec-F which was upregulated on a subset of reactive microglia. The human paralog Siglec-8 was also upregulated on microglia in AD. Siglec-F and Siglec-8 were upregulated following microglial activation with interferon gamma (IFNγ) in BV-2 cell line and human stem cell-derived microglia models. Siglec-F overexpression activates an endocytic and pyroptotic inflammatory response in BV-2 cells, dependent on its sialic acid substrates and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) phosphorylation sites. Related human Siglecs induced a similar response in BV-2 cells. Collectively, our results point to an important role for mouse Siglec-F and human Siglec-8 in regulating microglial activation during neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Morshed
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - William T Ralvenius
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Alexi Nott
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - L Ashley Watson
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Felicia H Rodriguez
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNMUSA
| | - Leyla A Akay
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Ping‐Chieh Pao
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Jay Penney
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Lauren LaRocque
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Diego Mastroeni
- ASU‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research CenterTempeAZUSA
| | - Li‐Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and MemoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Forest M White
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Center for Precision Cancer MedicineMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
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22
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Läubli H, Kawanishi K, George Vazhappilly C, Matar R, Merheb M, Sarwar Siddiqui S. Tools to study and target the Siglec-sialic acid axis in cancer. FEBS J 2020; 288:6206-6225. [PMID: 33251699 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Siglecs are widely expressed on leucocytes and bind to ubiquitously presented glycans containing sialic acids (sialoglycans). Most Siglecs carry an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) and elicit an inhibitory intracellular signal upon ligand binding. A few Siglec receptors can, however, recruit immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing factors, which activate cells. The role of hypersialylation (the enhanced expression of sialoglycans) has recently been explored in cancer progression. Mechanistic studies have shown that hypersialylation on cancer cells can engage inhibitory Siglecs on the surface of immune cells and induce immunosuppression. These recent studies strongly suggest that the Siglec-sialic acid axis can act as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, the use of new tools and techniques is facilitating these studies. In this review, we summarise techniques used to study Siglecs, including different mouse models, monoclonal antibodies, Siglec fusion proteins, and sialoglycan arrays. Furthermore, we discuss the recent major developments in the study of Siglecs in cancer immunosuppression, tools, and techniques used in targeting the Siglec-sialic acid axis and the possibility of clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kunio Kawanishi
- Kidney and Vascular Pathology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Rachel Matar
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), UAE
| | - Maxime Merheb
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), UAE
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23
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Awoyemi T, Tannetta D, Zhang W, Kandzija N, Motta-Mejia C, Fischer R, Heilig R, Raiss S, Redman C, Vatish M. Glycosylated Siglec-6 expression in syncytiotrophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles from preeclampsia placentas. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:838-844. [PMID: 32998819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with an exaggerated maternal systemic inflammatory response. Throughout gestation, the placenta releases extracellular vesicles through the syncytiotrophoblast layer (STB) into the maternal circulation and this is increased in PE. Expression of Siglec-6, a transmembrane receptor of molecular weight 50 KDa, is upregulated in PE placental tissue. METHODS Here we investigated respective abundance of Siglec-6 in PE -and normal pregnancy- (NP) derived placental lysates (PL) and syncytiotrophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles (STBEV). STBEV from PE and NP placentas were isolated through dual-lobe placental perfusion and serial ultracentrifugation. Siglec-6 was characterized by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, mass spectrometry (MS), and deglycosylation. RESULTS Immunoblotting revealed the expected Siglec-6 (50 KDa) band present in both PE and NP PL, however an additional heavier band was observed at 70 KDa only in PE PL, but not in NP. When interrogating STBEV we saw an absence of the expected 50 KDa band but the 70 KDa was present predominantly only in the PE STBEV. Deglycosylation of PL and STBEV from PE showed that the 70 KDa and the 50 KDa bands were reduced to 48 KDa, suggesting glycosylation. Both 48 KDa and 70 KDa bands were subjected to MS, confirming Siglec-6 expression in both. DISCUSSION Our data shows that the inability to detect Siglec-6 in circulation might be due to the placenta secreting STBEV carrying a modified glycosylated form of Siglec-6 with a 70 KDa molecular weight, significantly and uniquely upregulated in PE STBEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toluwalase Awoyemi
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dionne Tannetta
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Neva Kandzija
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Motta-Mejia
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Discovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael Heilig
- Discovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sina Raiss
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Redman
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Knuplez E, Krier-Burris R, Cao Y, Marsche G, O’Sullivan J, Bochner BS. Frontline Science: Superior mouse eosinophil depletion in vivo targeting transgenic Siglec-8 instead of endogenous Siglec-F: Mechanisms and pitfalls. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:43-58. [PMID: 32134149 PMCID: PMC7585130 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3hi0120-381r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are important multifunctional granulocytes. When studying eosinophil function and its contribution to diseases, mouse models are often used. Mouse eosinophils selectively express sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-F. Its closest functional paralog on human eosinophils is Siglec-8. These Siglecs are being used to target eosinophils when exploring their mechanistic roles in disease and for potential therapeutic benefit. In order to facilitate preclinical studies of human Siglec-8, we developed transgenic mouse strains expressing human Siglec-8 only on the surface of eosinophils with or without endogenous Siglec-F and have begun characterizing various cellular functions in vitro and in vivo. Eosinophils from Siglec-8+ mice, with or without Siglec-F, responded to Siglec-8 antibody engagement in vitro by up-regulating surface CD11b, whereas Siglec-F antibody had no such effect. Engagement of Siglec-F or Siglec-8 with respective antibodies in vitro resulted in only modest increases in cell death. Administration of rat Siglec-F antibodies to mice led to a significant decrease in Siglec-F surface expression on eosinophils due to internalization, and thus appeared to decrease eosinophil numbers based on Siglec-F+ cells, but with proper gaiting strategies did not in fact result in significant eosinophil depletion. In marked contrast, administration of mouse Siglec-8 antibodies rapidly and effectively depleted eosinophils from blood and spleens of mice, but an F(ab')2 version did not, indicating an Fc-mediated mechanism for eosinophil depletion in vivo. Siglec-8 expressing mice with or without endogenous Siglec-F will be useful to study Siglec-8-based therapeutics, and may be a preferred approach when acute or chronic eosinophil depletion is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Knuplez
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Rebecca Krier-Burris
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yun Cao
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Jeremy O’Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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25
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O'Sullivan JA, Chang AT, Youngblood BA, Bochner BS. Eosinophil and mast cell Siglecs: From biology to drug target. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:73-81. [PMID: 31965606 PMCID: PMC7531194 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr0120-352rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells and eosinophils are innate immune cells involved in both acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Siglecs are a family of cell surface receptors that share sialic acid binding activity. Over the past 20 years, our knowledge of the expression and function of Siglecs on cells of the immune system and others has greatly expanded, as has our understanding of their signaling, ligands, and possible roles in disease pathophysiology. Because of this, Siglecs have garnered interest as potential drug targets using strategies ranging from biologics to ligand-directed nanoparticles. This mini-review will highlight the state of our knowledge regarding human eosinophil and mast cell Siglecs, their biology, what they recognize, tools developed for in vitro and preclinical experimentation, and the status of ongoing efforts to develop drugs that engage eosinophil and mast cell Siglecs for potential therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A O'Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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26
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Shah K, Ignacio A, McCoy KD, Harris NL. The emerging roles of eosinophils in mucosal homeostasis. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:574-83. [PMID: 32157190 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are granulocytes, typically implicated as end-stage effector cells in type-II immune responses. They are capable of producing a wide array of pre-formed molecules which render them with vast potential to influence a wide variety of processes. Nonetheless, eosinophil research has traditionally focused on their role in anti-helminthic responses and pathophysiological processes in type-II immune disorders, such as allergy and asthma, where eosinophilia is a hallmark phenotype. However, a number of key studies over the past decade have placed this restricted view of eosinophil function into question, presenting additional evidence for eosinophils as critical regulators of various homeostatic processes including immune maintenance, organ development, and tissue regeneration.
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27
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LeMessurier KS, Rooney R, Ghoneim HE, Liu B, Li K, Smallwood HS, Samarasinghe AE. Influenza A virus directly modulates mouse eosinophil responses. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:151-168. [PMID: 32386457 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ma0320-343r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma and influenza are common respiratory diseases with a high probability of co-occurrence. During the 2009 influenza pandemic, hospitalized patients with influenza experienced lower morbidity if asthma was an underlying condition. We have previously demonstrated that acute allergic asthma protects mice from severe influenza and have implicated eosinophils in the airways of mice with allergic asthma as participants in the antiviral response. However, very little is known about how eosinophils respond to direct exposure to influenza A virus (IAV) or the microenvironment in which the viral burden is high. We hypothesized that eosinophils would dynamically respond to the presence of IAV through phenotypic, transcriptomic, and physiologic changes. Using our mouse model of acute fungal asthma and influenza, we showed that eosinophils in lymphoid tissues were responsive to IAV infection in the lungs and altered surface expression of various markers necessary for cell activation in a niche-specific manner. Siglec-F expression was altered in a subset of eosinophils after virus exposure, and those expressing high Siglec-F were more active (IL-5Rαhi CD62Llo ). While eosinophils exposed to IAV decreased their overall transcriptional activity and mitochondrial oxygen consumption, transcription of genes encoding viral recognition proteins, Ddx58 (RIG-I), Tlr3, and Ifih1 (MDA5), were up-regulated. CD8+ T cells from IAV-infected mice expanded in response to IAV PB1 peptide-pulsed eosinophils, and CpG methylation in the Tbx21 promoter was reduced in these T cells. These data offer insight into how eosinophils respond to IAV and help elucidate alternative mechanisms by which they regulate antiviral immune responses during IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S LeMessurier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert Rooney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Genetics, Genomics & Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hazem E Ghoneim
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Baoming Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heather S Smallwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amali E Samarasinghe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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28
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Läubli H, Varki A. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) detect self-associated molecular patterns to regulate immune responses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:593-605. [PMID: 31485715 PMCID: PMC7942692 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian immune system evolved to tightly regulate the elimination of pathogenic microbes and neoplastic transformed cells while tolerating our own healthy cells. Here, we summarize experimental evidence for the role of Siglecs-in particular CD33-related Siglecs-as self-receptors and their sialoglycan ligands in regulating this balance between recognition of self and non-self. Sialoglycans are found in the glycocalyx and extracellular fluids and matrices of all mammalian cells and can be considered as self-associated molecular patterns (SAMPs). We also provide an overview of the known interactions of Siglec receptors and sialoglycan-SAMPs. Manipulation of the Siglec-SAMP axis offers new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases and also cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ajit Varki
- Department of Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA.
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29
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Abstract
Siglecs are transmembrane receptor-like vertebrate lectins that recognize glycans containing sialic acid. Most Siglecs also interact with intracellular signal transduction molecules, and modulate immune responses. Recombinant soluble Siglecs fused with the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of immunoglobulin G (Siglec-Fc) are a versatile tool for the investigation of Siglec functions. We describe protocols for the production of recombinant Siglec-Fc, the analysis of expression of Siglec ligands by flow cytometry, and the identification of the Siglec ligand candidates based on proximity labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Yi Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Penk Yeir Low
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Deepa Sridharan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kaia Gerlovin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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30
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Tateyama H, Murase Y, Higuchi H, Inasaka Y, Kaneoka H, Iijima S, Nishijima KI. Siglec-F is induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and enhances interleukin-4-induced expression of arginase-1 in mouse macrophages. Immunology 2019; 158:340-352. [PMID: 31520477 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglecs are cell surface lectins that recognize sialic acids and are primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells. Previous studies showed that some Siglecs regulate macrophage function. In the present study, we examined the induction and putative roles of mouse Siglec-F in bone-marrow-derived macrophages in mice. A quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the basal expression of Siglec-F was weak in bone-marrow-derived macrophages differentiated by macrophage colony-stimulating factor. However, a 24-hr stimulation with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhanced Siglec-F expression. GM-CSF also enhanced Siglec-F expression in thioglycollate-induced peritoneal macrophages. The inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), but not that of phosphoinositide 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, significantly reduced the induction of Siglec-F. Interleukin-3, which uses a common β-chain shared with the GM-CSF receptor to stimulate the STAT5 pathway, also enhanced Siglec-F expression. The knockdown of Siglec-F by a specific small interfering RNA enhanced GM-CSF-induced STAT5 phosphorylation, suggesting that Siglec-F down-regulates its own expression upon prolonged GM-CSF stimulation. Furthermore, the knockdown of Siglec-F reduced the STAT6 phosphorylation and expression of arginase-1 in interleukin-4-stimulated macrophages. These results suggest that Siglec-F fine-tunes the immune responses of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tateyama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murase
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Higuchi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yui Inasaka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kaneoka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Iijima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nishijima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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31
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Bärenwaldt A, Läubli H. The sialoglycan-Siglec glyco-immune checkpoint - a target for improving innate and adaptive anti-cancer immunity. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:839-853. [PMID: 31524529 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1667977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: During cancer progression, tumor cells develop several mechanisms to prevent killing and to shape the immune system into a tumor-promoting environment. One of such regulatory mechanism is the overexpression of sialic acid (Sia) on carbohydrates of proteins and lipids on tumor cells. Sia-containing glycans or sialoglycans were shown to inhibit immune effector functions of NK cells and T cells by engaging inhibitory Siglec receptors on the surface of these cells. They can also modulate the differentiation of myeloid cells into tumor-promoting M2 macrophages. Areas covered: We review the role of sialoglycans in cancer and introduce the Siglecs, their expression on different immune cells and their interaction with cancer-associated sialoglycans. The targeting of this sialoglycan-Siglec glyco-immune checkpoint is discussed along with potential therapeutic approaches. Pubmed was searched for publications on Siglecs, sialic acid, and cancer. Expert opinion: The targeting of sialoglycan-Siglec interactions has become a major focus in cancer research. New approaches have been developed that directly target sialic acids in tumor lesions. Targeted sialidases that cleave sialic acid specifically in the tumor, have already shown efficacy; efforts targeting the sialoglycan-Siglec pathway for improvement of CAR T cell therapy are ongoing. The sialoglycan-Siglec immune checkpoint is a promising new target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bärenwaldt
- Division of Medical Oncology, and Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Division of Medical Oncology, and Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
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Siddiqui SS, Matar R, Merheb M, Hodeify R, Vazhappilly CG, Marton J, Shamsuddin SA, Al Zouabi H. Siglecs in Brain Function and Neurological Disorders. Cells 2019; 8:E1125. [PMID: 31546700 PMCID: PMC6829431 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglecs (Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins) are a I-type lectin that typically binds sialic acid. Siglecs are predominantly expressed in immune cells and generate activating or inhibitory signals. They are also shown to be expressed on the surface of cells in the nervous system and have been shown to play central roles in neuroinflammation. There has been a plethora of reviews outlining the studies pertaining to Siglecs in immune cells. However, this review aims to compile the articles on the role of Siglecs in brain function and neurological disorders. In humans, the most abundant Siglecs are CD33 (Siglec-3), Siglec-4 (myelin-associated glycoprotein/MAG), and Siglec-11, Whereas in mice the most abundant are Siglec-1 (sialoadhesin), Siglec-2 (CD22), Siglec-E, Siglec-F, and Siglec-H. This review is divided into three parts. Firstly, we discuss the general biological aspects of Siglecs that are expressed in nervous tissue. Secondly, we discuss about the role of Siglecs in brain function and molecular mechanism for their function. Finally, we collate the available information on Siglecs and neurological disorders. It is intriguing to study this family of proteins in neurological disorders because they carry immunoinhibitory and immunoactivating motifs that can be vital in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoib Sarwar Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), Ras Al Khaimah 10021, UAE.
| | - Rachel Matar
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), Ras Al Khaimah 10021, UAE.
| | - Maxime Merheb
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), Ras Al Khaimah 10021, UAE.
| | - Rawad Hodeify
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), Ras Al Khaimah 10021, UAE.
| | - Cijo George Vazhappilly
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), Ras Al Khaimah 10021, UAE.
| | - John Marton
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), Ras Al Khaimah 10021, UAE.
| | | | - Hussain Al Zouabi
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK), Ras Al Khaimah 10021, UAE.
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Azevedo PO, Paiva AE, Santos GSP, Lousado L, Andreotti JP, Sena IFG, Tagliati CA, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Cross-talk between lung cancer and bones results in neutrophils that promote tumor progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 37:779-790. [PMID: 30203108 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality around the world. The lack of detailed understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms participating in the lung tumor progression restrains the development of efficient treatments. Recently, by using state-of-the-art technologies, including in vivo sophisticated Cre/loxP technologies in combination with lung tumor models, it was revealed that osteoblasts activate neutrophils that promote tumor growth in the lung. Strikingly, genetic ablation of osteoblasts abolished lung tumor progression via interruption of SiglecFhigh-expressing neutrophils supply to the tumor microenvironment. Interestingly, SiglecFhigh neutrophil signature was associated with worse lung adenocarcinoma patients outcome. This study identifies novel cellular targets for lung cancer treatment. Here, we summarize and evaluate recent advances in our understanding of lung tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O Azevedo
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana E Paiva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabryella S P Santos
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiza Lousado
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Julia P Andreotti
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Isadora F G Sena
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Tagliati
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Cadena AP, Cushman TR, Welsh JW. Glycosylation and Antitumor Immunity. International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology 2019; 343:111-127. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ueno K, Urai M, Sadamoto S, Shinozaki M, Takatsuka S, Abe M, Otani Y, Yanagihara N, Shimizu K, Iwakura Y, Shibuya K, Miyazaki Y, Kinjo Y. A dendritic cell-based systemic vaccine induces long-lived lung-resident memory Th17 cells and ameliorates pulmonary mycosis. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:265-76. [PMID: 30279512 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) are a novel nonvascular memory T cell subset. Although CD8+ TRMs are well-characterized, CD4+ TRMs-especially lung-resident memory Th17 cells-are still being defined. In this study, we characterized lung-resident memory Th17 cells (lung TRM17) and their role in protection against the highly virulent fungus Cryptococcus gattii. We found that intravenously transferred DCs preferentially migrated to lungs and attracted recipient DCs and led to the induction of long-lived Th17 cells expressing characteristic markers. This population could be clearly discriminated from circulating T cells by intravascular staining and was not depleted by the immunosuppressive agent FTY720. The C. gattii antigen re-stimulation assay revealed that vaccine-induced lung Th17 cells produced IL-17A but not IFNγ. The DC vaccine significantly increased IL-17A production and suppressed fungal burden in the lungs and improved the survival of mice infected with C. gattii. This protective effect was significantly reduced in the IL-17A knockout (KO) mice, but not in the FTY720-treated mice. The protective effect also coincided with the activation of neutrophils and multinucleated giant cells, and these inflammatory responses were suppressed in the vaccinated IL-17A KO mice. Overall, these data demonstrated that the systemic DC vaccine induced lung TRM17, which played a substantial role in anti-fungal immunity.
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Percopo CM, Krumholz JO, Fischer ER, Kraemer LS, Ma M, Laky K, Rosenberg HF. Impact of eosinophil-peroxidase (EPX) deficiency on eosinophil structure and function in mouse airways. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:151-161. [PMID: 30285291 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0318-090rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) is a major constituent of the large cytoplasmic granules of both human and mouse eosinophilic leukocytes. Human EPX deficiency is a rare, autosomal-recessive disorder limited to the eosinophil lineage. Our intent was to explore the impact of EPX gene deletion on eosinophil content, structure, and function. In response to repetitive intranasal challenge with a filtrate of the allergen, Alternaria alternata, we found significantly fewer eosinophils peripherally and in the respiratory tracts of EPX-/- mice compared to wild-type controls; furthermore, both the major population (Gr1-/lo ) and the smaller population of Gr1hi eosinophils from EPX-/- mice displayed lower median fluorescence intensities (MFIs) for Siglec F. Quantitative evaluation of transmission electron micrographs of lung eosinophils confirmed the relative reduction in granule outer matrix volume in cells from the EPX-/- mice, a finding analogous to that observed in human EPX deficiency. Despite the reduced size of the granule matrix, the cytokine content of eosinophils isolated from allergen-challenged EPX-/ - and wild-type mice were largely comparable to one another, although the EPX-/- eosinophils contained reduced concentrations of IL-3. Other distinguishing features of lung eosinophils from allergen-challenged EPX-/- mice included a reduced fraction of surface TLR4+ cells and reduced MFI for NOD1. Interestingly, the EPX gene deletion had no impact on eosinophil-mediated clearance of gram-negative Haemophilus influenzae from the airways. As such, although no clinical findings have been associated with human EPX deficiency, our findings suggest that further evaluation for alterations in eosinophil structure and function may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Percopo
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia O Krumholz
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Fischer
- Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Laura S Kraemer
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle Ma
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen Laky
- Food Allergy Research Unit, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Helene F Rosenberg
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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O’Sullivan JA, Wei Y, Carroll DJ, Moreno-Vinasco L, Cao Y, Zhang F, Lee JJ, Zhu Z, Bochner BS. Frontline Science: Characterization of a novel mouse strain expressing human Siglec-8 only on eosinophils. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:11-19. [PMID: 29601103 PMCID: PMC6013361 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2hi0917-391r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-8 is a human cell surface protein expressed exclusively on eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils that, when engaged, induces eosinophil apoptosis and inhibits mast cell mediator release. This makes Siglec-8 a promising therapeutic target to treat diseases involving these cell types. However, preclinical studies of Siglec-8 targeting in vivo are lacking because this protein is only found in humans, apes, and some monkeys. Therefore, we have developed a mouse strain in which SIGLEC8 transcription is activated by Cre recombinase and have crossed this mouse with the eoCre mouse to achieve eosinophil-specific expression. We confirmed that Siglec-8 is expressed exclusively on the surface of mature eosinophils in multiple tissues at levels comparable to those on human blood eosinophils. Following ovalbumin sensitization and airway challenge, Siglec-8 knock-in mice generated a pattern of allergic lung inflammation indistinguishable from that of littermate controls, suggesting that Siglec-8 expression within the eosinophil compartment does not alter allergic eosinophilic inflammation. Using bone marrow from these mice, we demonstrated that, during maturation, Siglec-8 expression occurs well before the late eosinophil developmental marker C-C motif chemokine receptor 3, consistent with eoCre expression. Antibody ligation of the receptor induces Siglec-8 endocytosis and alters the phosphotyrosine profile of these cells, indicative of productive signaling. Finally, we demonstrated that mouse eosinophils expressing Siglec-8 undergo cell death when the receptor is engaged, further evidence that Siglec-8 is functional on these cells. These mice should prove useful to investigate Siglec-8 biology and targeting in vivo in a variety of eosinophilic disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. O’Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yadong Wei
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniela J. Carroll
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Liliana Moreno-Vinasco
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yun Cao
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fengrui Zhang
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - James. J. Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kumagai T, Kiwamoto T, Brummet ME, Wu F, Aoki K, Zhu Z, Bochner BS, Tiemeyer M. Airway glycomic and allergic inflammatory consequences resulting from keratan sulfate galactose 6-O-sulfotransferase (CHST1) deficiency. Glycobiology 2018; 28:406-417. [PMID: 29659839 PMCID: PMC5967469 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Siglec-F is a pro-apoptotic receptor on mouse eosinophils that recognizes 6'-sulfated sialyl Lewis X and 6'-sulfated sialyl N-acetyl-lactosamine as well as multivalent sialyl N-acetyl-lactosamine structures on glycan arrays. We hypothesized that attenuation of the carbohydrate sulfotransferase 1 (CHST1) gene encoding keratan sulfate galactose 6-O-sulfotransferase, an enzyme likely required for 6'-sulfation of some of these putative Siglec-F glycan ligands, would result in decreased Siglec-F lung ligand levels and enhanced allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation. Tissue analysis detected CHST1 expression predominantly not only in parenchymal cells but not in airway epithelium, the latter being a location where Siglec-F ligands are located. Western blotting of lung extracts with Siglec-F-Fc fusion proteins detected ≈500 kDa and ≈200 kDa candidate Siglec-F ligands that were not appreciably altered in CHST1-/- lungs compared with normal mouse lungs. Characterization of the O-linked glycans of lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid detected altered sialylation but minimal change in sulfation. Eosinophilic airway inflammation was induced in wild-type (WT) and CHST1-/- mice via sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA) and repeated airway challenge. After OVA sensitization and challenge, Siglec-F ligands on airway cells, and numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils accumulating in the airways, both increased to a similar degree in WT and CHST1-/- mouse lungs, while macrophages and lymphocytes increased significantly more in CHST1-/- mouse airway compared with normal mouse lungs. Therefore, keratan sulfate galactose 6-O-sulfotransferase does not contribute to the synthesis of glycan ligands for Siglec-F in the airways, although its absence results in exaggerated accumulation of airway macrophages and lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Kumagai
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Takumi Kiwamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Mary E Brummet
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 E. Huron Street, Room M-306, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, B122 Life Sciences Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Yu H, Gonzalez-Gil A, Wei Y, Fernandes SM, Porell RN, Vajn K, Paulson JC, Nycholat CM, Schnaar RL. Siglec-8 and Siglec-9 binding specificities and endogenous airway ligand distributions and properties. Glycobiology 2018; 27:657-668. [PMID: 28369504 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Siglecs are transmembrane sialoglycan binding proteins, most of which are expressed on leukocyte subsets and have inhibitory motifs that translate cell surface ligation into immune suppression. In humans, Siglec-8 on eosinophils, mast cells and basophils and Siglec-9 on neutrophils, monocytes and some T-cells, mediate immune cell death, inhibition of immune mediator release and/or enhancement of anti-inflammatory mediator release. Endogenous sialoglycan ligands in tissues, mostly uncharacterized, engage siglecs on leukocytes to inhibit inflammation. Glycan array analyses demonstrated that Siglec-8, Siglec-9 and their mouse counterparts Siglec-F and Siglec-E (respectively) have distinct glycan binding specificities, with Siglec-8 more structurally restricted. Since siglecs are involved in lung inflammation, we studied Siglec-8 and Siglec-9 ligands in human lungs and airways. Siglec-8 ligands are in tracheal submucosal glands and cartilage but not airway epithelium or connective tissues, whereas Siglec-9 ligands are broadly distributed. Mouse airways do not have Siglec-8 ligands, whereas Siglec-9 ligands are on airways of both species. Extraction of human airways and lung followed by electrophoretic resolution and siglec blotting revealed Siglec-8 ligands in extracts of human trachea and cultured tracheal gland cells, but not parenchyma or cultured airway epithelial cells whereas Siglec-9 ligands were extracted from all airway and lung tissues and cells tested. Siglec-8 and Siglec-9 ligands in airways appear to be high molecular weight O-linked sialoglycoproteins. These data reveal differential glycan specificities of Siglec-8, Siglec-9 and their mouse counterparts Siglec-F and Siglec-E, and the tissue distributions and molecular characteristics of Siglec-8 and Siglec-9 sialoglycan ligands on human airways and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anabel Gonzalez-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yadong Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Steve M Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ryan N Porell
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Katarina Vajn
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, Chemical Physiology, and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Corwin M Nycholat
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology, Chemical Physiology, and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Fairfax KA, Bolden JE, Robinson AJ, Lucas EC, Baldwin TM, Ramsay KA, Cole R, Hilton DJ, de Graaf CA. Transcriptional profiling of eosinophil subsets in interleukin-5 transgenic mice. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:195-204. [PMID: 29758105 PMCID: PMC6749942 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6ma1117-451r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are important in fighting parasitic infections and are implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergy. IL‐5 is a critical regulator of eosinophil development, controlling proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of the lineage. Mice that constitutively express IL‐5 have in excess of 10‐fold more eosinophils in the hematopoietic organs than their wild type (WT) counterparts. We have identified that much of this expansion is in a population of Siglec‐F high eosinophils, which are rare in WT mice. In this study, we assessed transcription in myeloid progenitors, eosinophil precursors, and Siglec‐F medium and Siglec‐F high eosinophils from IL‐5 transgenic mice and in doing so have created a useful resource for eosinophil biologists. We have then utilized these populations to construct an eosinophil trajectory based on gene expression and to identify gene sets that are associated with eosinophil lineage progression. Cell cycle genes were significantly associated with the trajectory, and we experimentally demonstrate an increasing trend toward quiescence along the trajectory. Additionally, we found gene expression changes associated with constitutive IL‐5 signaling in eosinophil progenitors, many of which were not observed in eosinophils. Eosinophils in Interleukin‐5 transgenic mice can be subdivided by Siglec‐F expression, and are transcriptionally distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Fairfax
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jessica E Bolden
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Aaron J Robinson
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Erin C Lucas
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tracey M Baldwin
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kerry A Ramsay
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rebecca Cole
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Douglas J Hilton
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Carolyn A de Graaf
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Bolden JE, Lucas EC, Zhou G, O'Sullivan JA, de Graaf CA, McKenzie MD, Di Rago L, Baldwin TM, Shortt J, Alexander WS, Bochner BS, Ritchie ME, Hilton DJ, Fairfax KA. Identification of a Siglec-F+ granulocyte-macrophage progenitor. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:123-133. [PMID: 29645346 PMCID: PMC6320667 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ma1217-475r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years multi-parameter flow cytometry has enabled identification of cells at major stages in myeloid development; from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells, through populations with increasingly limited developmental potential (common myeloid progenitors and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors), to terminally differentiated mature cells. Myeloid progenitors are heterogeneous, and the surface markers that define transition states from progenitors to mature cells are poorly characterized. Siglec-F is a surface glycoprotein frequently used in combination with IL-5 receptor alpha (IL5Rα) for the identification of murine eosinophils. Here, we describe a CD11b+ Siglec-F+ IL5Rα- myeloid population in the bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice. The CD11b+ Siglec-F+ IL5Rα- cells are retained in eosinophil deficient PHIL mice, and are not expanded upon overexpression of IL-5, indicating that they are upstream or independent of the eosinophil lineage. We show these cells to have GMP-like developmental potential in vitro and in vivo, and to be transcriptionally distinct from the classically described GMP population. The CD11b+ Siglec-F+ IL5Rα- population expands in the bone marrow of Myb mutant mice, which is potentially due to negative transcriptional regulation of Siglec-F by Myb. Lastly, we show that the role of Siglec-F may be, at least in part, to regulate GMP viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Bolden
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erin C Lucas
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geyu Zhou
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy A O'Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Carolyn A de Graaf
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark D McKenzie
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ladina Di Rago
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracey M Baldwin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jake Shortt
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Warren S Alexander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Douglas J Hilton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten A Fairfax
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Geslewitz WE, Percopo CM, Rosenberg HF. FACS isolation of live mouse eosinophils at high purity via a protocol that does not target Siglec F. J Immunol Methods 2017; 454:27-31. [PMID: 29253503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry protocols designed to identify mouse eosinophils typically target Siglec F, an α-2,3-sialic acid binding transmembrane protein expressed universally on cells of this lineage. While a convenient target, antibody-mediated ligation of Siglec F induces eosinophil apoptosis, which limits its usefulness for isolations that are to be followed by functional and/or gene expression studies. We present here a method for FACS isolation which does not target Siglec F and likewise utilizes no antibodies targeting IL5Rα (CD125) or CCR3. Single cell suspensions are prepared from lungs of mice that were sensitized and challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus antigens; eosinophils were identified and isolated by FACS as live SSChi/FSChi CD11c-Gr1-/loMHCII- cells. This strategy was also effective for eosinophil isolation from the lungs of IL5tg mice. Purity by visual inspection of stained cytospin preparations and by Siglec F-diagnostic flow cytometry was 98-99% and 97-99%, respectively. Eosinophils isolated by this method (yield, ~4×106/mouse) generated high-quality RNA suitable for gene expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Geslewitz
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline M Percopo
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helene F Rosenberg
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Eosinophils are a subset of granulocytes generally associated with type 2 immune responses. They can contribute to protection against helminths but also mediate pro-inflammatory functions during allergic immune responses. Only recently, eosinophils were also found to exert many other functions such as regulation of glucose and fat metabolism, thermogenesis, survival of plasma cells, and antitumor activity. The mechanisms that control eosinophil development and survival are only partially understood. RECENT FINDINGS Here we review new findings regarding the role of cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic factors for eosinophilopoiesis and eosinophil homeostasis. Several reports provide new insights in the regulation of eosinophil development by transcription factors, miRNAs and epigenetic modifications. Danger signals like lipopolysaccharide or alarmins can activate eosinophils but also prolong their lifespan. We further reflect on the observations that eosinophil development is tightly controlled by the unfolded protein stress response and formation of cytoplasmic granules. SUMMARY Eosinophils emerge as important regulators of diverse biological processes. Their differentiation and survival is tightly regulated by factors that are still poorly understood. Newly identified pathways involved in eosinophilopoiesis and eosinophil homeostasis may lead to development of new therapeutic options for treatment of eosinophil-associated diseases.
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Abstract
Lectins recognize a diverse array of carbohydrate structures and perform numerous essential biological functions. Here we focus on only two families of lectins, the Siglecs and C-type lectins. Triggering of intracellular signaling cascades following ligand recognition by these receptors can have profound effects on the induction and modulation of immunity. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of each family and then focus on selected examples that highlight how these lectins can influence myeloid cell functioning in health and disease. Receptors that are discussed include Sn (Siglec-1), CD33 (Siglec-3), and Siglec-5, -7, -8, -9, -10, -11, -14, -15, -E, -F, and -G as well as Dectin-1, MICL, Dectin-2, Mincle/MCL, and the macrophage mannose receptor.
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O’Sullivan JA, Carroll DJ, Bochner BS. Glycobiology of Eosinophilic Inflammation: Contributions of Siglecs, Glycans, and Other Glycan-Binding Proteins. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:116. [PMID: 28824909 PMCID: PMC5539825 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The historical focus on protein-protein interactions in biological systems, at the expense of attention given to interactions between other classes of molecules, has overlooked important and clinically relevant processes and points of potential clinical intervention. For example, the significance of protein-carbohydrate interactions, especially in the regulation of immune responses, has recently received greater recognition and appreciation. This review discusses several ways by which cell-surface lectin-glycan interactions can modulate eosinophil function, particularly at the levels of eosinophil recruitment and survival, and how such interactions can be exploited therapeutically. A primary focus is on discoveries concerning Siglec-8, a glycan-binding protein selectively expressed on human eosinophils, and its closest functional paralog in the mouse, Siglec-F. Recent advances in the synthesis of polymeric ligands, the identification of physiological ligands for Siglec-8 and Siglec-F in the airway, and the determination of the basis of glycan ligand discrimination of Siglec-8 are discussed. Important similarities and differences between these siglecs are outlined. Eosinophil expression of additional glycan-binding proteins or their glycan ligands, including interactions involving members of the selectin, galectin, and siglec families, is summarized. The roles of these molecules in eosinophil recruitment, survival, and inflammation are described. Finally, the modulation of these interactions and potential therapeutic exploitation of glycan-binding proteins and their ligands to ameliorate eosinophil-associated diseases are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. O’Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniela J. Carroll
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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O'Sullivan JA, Carroll DJ, Cao Y, Salicru AN, Bochner BS. Leveraging Siglec-8 endocytic mechanisms to kill human eosinophils and malignant mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:1774-1785.e7. [PMID: 28734845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-8 is a cell-surface protein expressed selectively on human eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils, making it an ideal target for the treatment of diseases involving these cell types. However, the effective delivery of therapeutic agents to these cells requires an understanding of the dynamics of Siglec-8 surface expression. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether Siglec-8 is endocytosed in human eosinophils and malignant mast cells, identify mechanisms underlying its endocytosis, and demonstrate whether a toxin can be targeted to Siglec-8-bearing cells to kill these cells. METHODS Siglec-8 surface dynamics were examined by flow cytometry using peripheral blood eosinophils, mast cell lines, and Siglec-8-transduced cells in the presence of inhibitors targeting components of endocytic pathways. Siglec-8 intracellular trafficking was followed by confocal microscopy. The ribosome-inhibiting protein saporin was conjugated to a Siglec-8-specific antibody to examine the targeting of an agent to these cells through Siglec-8 endocytosis. RESULTS Siglec-8 endocytosis required actin rearrangement, tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C activities, and both clathrin and lipid rafts. Internalized Siglec-8 localized to the lysosomal compartment. Maximal endocytosis in Siglec-8-transduced HEK293T cells required an intact immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif. Siglec-8 was also shuttled to the surface via a distinct pathway. Sialidase treatment of eosinophils revealed that Siglec-8 is partially masked by sialylated cis ligands. Targeting saporin to Siglec-8 consistently caused extensive cell death in eosinophils and the human mast cell leukemia cell line HMC-1.2. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic payloads can be targeted selectively to eosinophils and malignant mast cells by exploiting this Siglec-8 endocytic pathway.
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Nolin JD, Ogden HL, Lai Y, Altemeier WA, Frevert CW, Bollinger JG, Naika GS, Kicic A, Stick SM, Lambeau G, Henderson WR, Gelb MH, Hallstrand TS. Identification of Epithelial Phospholipase A 2 Receptor 1 as a Potential Target in Asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:825-836. [PMID: 27448109 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0150oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted phospholipase A2s (sPLA2s) regulate eicosanoid formation and have been implicated in asthma. Although sPLA2s function as enzymes, some of the sPLA2s bind with high affinity to a C-type lectin receptor, called PLA2R1, which has functions in both cellular signaling and clearance of sPLA2s. We sought to examine the expression of PLA2R1 in the airway epithelium of human subjects with asthma and the function of the murine Pla2r1 gene in a model of asthma. Expression of PLA2R1 in epithelial brushings was assessed in two distinct cohorts of children with asthma by microarray and quantitative PCR, and immunostaining for PLA2R1 was conducted on endobronchial tissue and epithelial brushings from adults with asthma. C57BL/129 mice deficient in Pla2r1 (Pla2r1-/-) were characterized in an ovalbumin (OVA) model of allergic asthma. PLA2R1 was differentially overexpressed in epithelial brushings of children with atopic asthma in both cohorts. Immunostaining for PLA2R1 in endobronchial tissue localized to submucosal glandular epithelium and columnar epithelial cells. After OVA sensitization and challenge, Pla2r1-/- mice had increased airway hyperresponsiveness, as well as an increase in cellular trafficking of eosinophils to the peribronchial space and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and an increase in airway permeability. In addition, Pla2r1-/- mice had more dendritic cells in the lung, higher levels of OVA-specific IgG, and increased production of both type-1 and type-2 cytokines by lung leukocytes. PLA2R1 is increased in the airway epithelium in asthma, and serves as a regulator of airway hyperresponsiveness, airway permeability, antigen sensitization, and airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Nolin
- From the 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and
| | - H Luke Ogden
- From the 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and
| | - Ying Lai
- From the 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and
| | | | - Charles W Frevert
- From the 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and.,2 Department of Comparative Medicine
| | | | | | - Anthony Kicic
- 4 The Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,5 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,6 School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,7 Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Stephen M Stick
- 4 The Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,5 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,6 School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,7 Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
| | - Gerard Lambeau
- 8 Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Michael H Gelb
- 3 Department of Chemistry, and.,10 Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Dharmadhikari G, Stolz K, Hauke M, Morgan NG, Varki A, de Koning E, Kelm S, Maedler K. Siglec-7 restores β-cell function and survival and reduces inflammation in pancreatic islets from patients with diabetes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45319. [PMID: 28378743 DOI: 10.1038/srep45319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a key role in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Cytokine and chemokine production within the islets in a diabetic milieu results in β-cell failure and diabetes progression. Identification of targets, which both prevent macrophage activation and infiltration into islets and restore β-cell functionality is essential for effective diabetes therapy. We report that certain Sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like-lectins (siglecs) are expressed in human pancreatic islets in a cell-type specific manner. Siglec-7 was expressed on β-cells and down-regulated in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and in infiltrating activated immune cells. Over-expression of Siglec-7 in diabetic islets reduced cytokines, prevented β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis and reduced recruiting of migrating monocytes. Our data suggest that restoration of human Siglec-7 expression may be a novel therapeutic strategy targeted to both inhibition of immune activation and preservation of β-cell function and survival.
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Diny NL, Baldeviano GC, Talor MV, Barin JG, Ong S, Bedja D, Hays AG, Gilotra NA, Coppens I, Rose NR, Čiháková D. Eosinophil-derived IL-4 drives progression of myocarditis to inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy. J Exp Med 2017; 214:943-957. [PMID: 28302646 PMCID: PMC5379983 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diny et al. report a pathogenic role for eosinophils in autoimmune myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Eosinophils are required for progression of myocarditis to dilated cardiomyopathy and drive severe disease when present in large numbers. Activated cardiac eosinophils mediate this process through IL-4. Inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMi) is a major cause of heart failure in children and young adults. DCMi develops in up to 30% of myocarditis patients, but the mechanisms involved in disease progression are poorly understood. Patients with eosinophilia frequently develop cardiomyopathies. In this study, we used the experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model to determine the role of eosinophils in myocarditis and DCMi. Eosinophils were dispensable for myocarditis induction but were required for progression to DCMi. Eosinophil-deficient ΔdblGATA1 mice, in contrast to WT mice, showed no signs of heart failure by echocardiography. Induction of EAM in hypereosinophilic IL-5Tg mice resulted in eosinophilic myocarditis with severe ventricular and atrial inflammation, which progressed to severe DCMi. This was not a direct effect of IL-5, as IL-5TgΔdblGATA1 mice were protected from DCMi, whereas IL-5−/− mice exhibited DCMi comparable with WT mice. Eosinophils drove progression to DCMi through their production of IL-4. Our experiments showed eosinophils were the major IL-4–expressing cell type in the heart during EAM, IL-4−/− mice were protected from DCMi like ΔdblGATA1 mice, and eosinophil-specific IL-4 deletion resulted in improved heart function. In conclusion, eosinophils drive progression of myocarditis to DCMi, cause severe DCMi when present in large numbers, and mediate this process through IL-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Diny
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - G Christian Baldeviano
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Monica V Talor
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jobert G Barin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - SuFey Ong
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Djahida Bedja
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Allison G Hays
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Nisha A Gilotra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Isabelle Coppens
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Noel R Rose
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 .,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
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