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Sergi D, Sanz JM, Trentini A, Bonaccorsi G, Angelini S, Castaldo F, Morrone S, Spaggiari R, Cervellati C, Passaro A. HDL-Cholesterol Subfraction Dimensional Distribution Is Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Is Predicted by Visceral Adiposity and Dietary Lipid Intake in Women. Nutrients 2024; 16:1525. [PMID: 38794763 PMCID: PMC11124017 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
HDL-cholesterol quality, including cholesterol distribution in HDL subfractions, is emerging as a key discriminant in dictating the effects of these lipoproteins on cardiovascular health. This study aims at elucidating the relationship between cholesterol distribution in HDL subfractions and CVD risk factors as well as diet quality and energy density in a population of pre- and postmenopausal women. Seventy-two women aged 52 ± 6 years were characterized metabolically and anthropometrically. Serum HDL-C subfractions were quantified using the Lipoprint HDL System. Cholesterol distribution in large HDL subfractions was lower in overweight individuals and study participants with moderate to high estimated CVD risk, hypertension, or insulin resistance. Cholesterol distribution in large, as opposed to small, HDL subfractions correlated negatively with insulin resistance, circulating triglycerides, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). VAT was an independent positive and negative predictor of cholesterol distribution in large and small HDL subfractions, respectively. Furthermore, an increase in energy intake could predict a decrease in cholesterol levels in large HDL subfractions while lipid intake positively predicted cholesterol levels in small HDL subfractions. Cholesterol distribution in HDL subfractions may represent an additional player in shaping CVD risk and a novel potential mediator of the effect of diet on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Gloria Bonaccorsi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Menopause and Osteoporosis Center, University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Sharon Angelini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Fabiola Castaldo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Sara Morrone
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Riccardo Spaggiari
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
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Fu C, Xu J, Chen SL, Chen CB, Liang JJ, Liu Z, Huang C, Wu Z, Ng TK, Zhang M, Liu Q. Profile of Lipoprotein Subclasses in Chinese Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4544. [PMID: 38674129 PMCID: PMC11050298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the plasma lipoprotein subclasses in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), a total of 20 Chinese POAG patients on intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering treatment and 20 age-matched control subjects were recruited. Based on the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), the study subjects were divided into elevated- and normal-level subgroups. The plasma lipoprotein, lipoprotein subclasses, and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) levels were quantitatively measured. The discrimination potential of the lipoproteins was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and their correlation with clinical parameters was also evaluated. Compared to the control subjects with elevated TC and/or LDL-C levels, the levels of TC, LDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL), LDL subclass LDL3 and small dense LDL (sdLDL), and oxLDL were significantly higher in POAG patients with elevated TC and/or LDL-C levels. No differences in any lipoproteins or the subclasses were found between the POAG patients and control subjects with normal TC and LDL-C levels. Moderate-to-good performance of TC, LDL-C, non-HDL, LDL3, sdLDL, and oxLDL was found in discriminating between the POAG patients and control subjects with elevated TC and/or LDL-C levels (AUC: 0.710-0.950). Significant negative correlations between LDL3 and sdLDL with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the superior quadrant and between LDL3 and average RNFL thickness were observed in POAG patients with elevated TC and/or LDL-C levels. This study revealed a significant elevation of plasma lipoproteins, especially the LDL subclasses, in POAG patients with elevated TC and/or LDL-C levels, providing insights on monitoring specific lipoproteins in POAG patients with elevated TC and/or LDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhen Fu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Jianming Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Shao-Lang Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Chong-Bo Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Zibo Liu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Chukai Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Zhenggen Wu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Qingping Liu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
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Farjam M, Kheirandish M, Ghanbarnejad A, Nikpoor AR, Nejatizadeh A, Aghamolaei T, Shahmoradi M, Alizade H, Homayounfar R, Zarei H, Ghavidel S, Jamshidi V, Eftekhar E. Reference Interval for Non-HDL-Cholesterol, Remnant Cholesterol and Other Lipid Parameters in the Southern Iranian Population; Findings From Bandare Kong and Fasa Cohort Studies. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2024; 27:15-22. [PMID: 38431956 PMCID: PMC10915932 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2024.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence shows the undisputable role of non-HDL-C and remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment and treatment. However, the reference interval (RI) for these lipid parameters is not readily available. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the age and sex-specific RIs for non-HDL-C and remnant-C as well as other lipid parameters among a healthy population in southern Iran. We also report the RI of lipid parameters in rural and urban residents, smokers and post-menopausal women. METHODS Among 14063 participants of Bandare Kong and Fasa cohort studies, 792 healthy subjects (205 men and 578 women) aged 35-70 years were selected. Fasting blood samples were used for determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and HDL-C using colorimetric methods. Non-HDL-C and remnant-C were calculated using the valid formula. The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles were calculated and considered as RI. RESULTS In the total population (n=792, age 35-70), RIs for non-HDL-C and remnant-C was 74.0-206.8 and 8.0-52.7 mg/dL, respectively. Age (35-44 and≥45 years) and gender-specific RIs for serum non-HDL-C and remnant-C were determined. Remnant-C and non-HDL-C level were different between sex and age categories. The mean value of all lipid parameters except HDL-C was higher in men, urban residents, subject with age≥45 years and smokers. CONCLUSION This is the first study in which the RIs for non-HDL-C and remnant-C in southern Iran are reported. This may help physicians to conveniently use these lipid parameters for patient care and better cardiovascular risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Farjam
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kheirandish
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amin Ghanbarnejad
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Nikpoor
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Abdolazim Nejatizadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Teymour Aghamolaei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahmoradi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hesam Alizade
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Zarei
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sahar Ghavidel
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Vahide Jamshidi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Jiménez-Osorio AS, Carreón-Torres E, Correa-Solís E, Ángel-García J, Arias-Rico J, Jiménez-Garza O, Morales-Castillejos L, Díaz-Zuleta HA, Baltazar-Tellez RM, Sánchez-Padilla ML, Flores-Chávez OR, Estrada-Luna D. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Obesity, Gestational Diabetes, and Preeclampsia in Pregnancy: Role of High-Density Lipoproteins as Vectors for Bioactive Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1894. [PMID: 37891973 PMCID: PMC10604737 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are essential components in a myriad of pathogenic entities that lead to metabolic and chronic diseases. Moreover, inflammation in its different phases is necessary for the initiation and maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. Therefore, an equilibrium between a necessary/pathologic level of inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy is needed to avoid disease development. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are important for a healthy pregnancy and a good neonatal outcome. Their role in fetal development during challenging situations is vital for maintaining the equilibrium. However, in certain conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and other cardiovascular diseases, it has been observed that HDL loses its protective properties, becoming dysfunctional. Bioactive compounds have been widely studied as mediators of inflammation and oxidative stress in different diseases, but their mechanisms of action are still unknown. Nonetheless, these agents, which are obtained from functional foods, increase the concentration of HDL, TRC, and antioxidant activity. Therefore, this review first summarizes several mechanisms of HDL participation in the equilibrium between inflammation and oxidative stress. Second, it gives an insight into how HDL may act as a vector for bioactive compounds. Third, it describes the relationships between the inflammation process in pregnancy and HDL activity. Consequently, different databases were used, including MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus, where scientific articles published in the English language up to 2023 were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Saraí Jiménez-Osorio
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Elizabeth Carreón-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Emmanuel Correa-Solís
- Instituto de Farmacobiología, Universidad de la Cañada, Carretera Teotitlán-San Antonio Nanahuatipán Km 1.7 s/n., Paraje Titlacuatitla, Teotitlán de Flores Magón 68540, Oaxaca, Mexico;
| | - Julieta Ángel-García
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - José Arias-Rico
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Octavio Jiménez-Garza
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Lizbeth Morales-Castillejos
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Hugo Alexander Díaz-Zuleta
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Cl. 222 #54-21, Bogotá 111166, Colombia;
| | - Rosa María Baltazar-Tellez
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - María Luisa Sánchez-Padilla
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Olga Rocío Flores-Chávez
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Diego Estrada-Luna
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
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Piko P, Jenei T, Kosa Z, Sandor J, Kovacs N, Seres I, Paragh G, Adany R. Association of HDL Subfraction Profile with the Progression of Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13563. [PMID: 37686368 PMCID: PMC10488248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global public health problem, as it is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism that precedes T2DM. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between HDL and its subfraction profile and the progression of IR, as assessed by the Homeostatic Model Assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) index, and to define cut-off values to identify an increased risk of IR. Individuals with a HOMA-IR greater than 3.63 were considered to have IR. The HDL subfractions were separated using the Lipoprint system, which identifies ten subfractions (HDL-1-10) in three subclasses as large (HDL-L), intermediate (HDL-I) and small (HDL-S). Analyses were performed on samples from 240 individuals without IR and 137 with IR from the Hungarian general and Roma populations. The HDL-1 to -6 subfractions and the HDL-L and -I classes showed a significant negative association with the progression and existence of IR. Among them, HDL-2 (B = -40.37, p = 2.08 × 10-11) and HDL-L (B = -14.85, p = 9.52 × 10-10) showed the strongest correlation. The optimal threshold was found to be 0.264 mmol/L for HDL-L and 0.102 mmol/L and above for HDL-2. Individuals with HDL-L levels below the reference value had a 5.1-fold higher risk of IR (p = 2.2 × 10-7), while those with HDL-2 levels had a 4.2-fold higher risk (p = 3.0 × 10-6). This study demonstrates that the HDL subfraction profile (especially the decrease in HDL-2 and -L) may be a useful marker for the early detection and intervention of atherogenic dyslipidemia in subjects with impaired glucose and insulin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Piko
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.J.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Center for Epidemiology and Surveillance, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Jenei
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.J.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Zsigmond Kosa
- Department of Health Methodology and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Debrecen, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
| | - Janos Sandor
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.J.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nora Kovacs
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.J.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildiko Seres
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Gyorgy Paragh
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Roza Adany
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.P.); (T.J.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Center for Epidemiology and Surveillance, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
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Zinellu A, Sedda S, Mangoni AA. Paraoxonase/Arylesterase Activity of Serum Paraoxonase-1 and Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1484. [PMID: 37627479 PMCID: PMC10451270 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of a pro-oxidant state in patients with schizophrenia may account for the increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in this group and supports the potential utility of circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress for risk stratification and management. We investigated this issue by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between the circulating concentrations of paraoxonase-1, an antioxidant calcium-dependent high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated esterase, with paraoxonase and arylesterase activity in schizophrenia. We searched electronic databases from inception to 31 May 2023 for studies investigating paraoxonase-1 in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls and assessed the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023435442). Thirteen studies were identified for analysis. There were no significant between-group differences in paraoxonase (standard mean difference, SMD = 0.12, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.48, p = 0.50; extremely low certainty of evidence) or arylesterase activity (SMD = -0.08, 95% CI -0.39 to 0.23, p = 0.61; very low certainty of evidence). However, in meta-regression and subgroup analysis we observed significant associations between the SMD of paraoxonase and age (p = 0.003), HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.029), and study country (p = 0.04), and the SMD of arylesterase and age (p = 0.007), body mass index (p = 0.012), HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.002), and pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia (p < 0.001). In the absence of overall between-group differences, our systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that alterations in paraoxonase-1 may reflect a pro-oxidant state in specific subgroups of patients with schizophrenia that require further assessment in appropriately designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefania Sedda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Arduino A. Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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7
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Alemayehu E, Fasil A, Nigatie M, Ambachew S. Serum lipid profile of stroke patients attending at Dessie comprehensive specialized hospital, Dessie, Northeast Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14369. [PMID: 36938383 PMCID: PMC10020080 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability and death worldwide. Serum lipid levels have established effects on short-term stroke mortality. To reduce the incidence of stroke and stroke-related mortality, it is important to assess lipid levels in subtypes of strokes. Hence, the main aim of this study was to assess lipid profile and associated factors among stroke patients. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted by recruiting 278 (139 stroke patients and 139 controls) study participants selected by convenient sampling technique from March to July 2021. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Ethical approval was obtained from University of Gondar. After obtaining informed consent, about 5 ml of venous blood was collected to perform lipid profile using DIRUI CS-T240 automated clinical chemistry analyzer. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, correlation tests, and logistic regression were used during data analysis. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The current study found that total cholesterol (170.24 ± 44.66) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (114.07 ± 35.82) were significantly higher in stroke patients than in the control group (155.22 ± 18.09) and (103.14 ± 15.65), respectively (P < 0.05). On the other hand, triglycerides (127 (104-141)) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (52 (48-57)) were significantly lower in stroke patients than in the control group (127 (104-141)) and (52 (48-57)), respectively (P < 0.05). Additionally, patients with ischemic stroke had significantly higher serum low-density lipoprotein than hemorrhagic stroke patients and controls (P < 0.05). Likewise, patients with hemorrhagic stroke had significantly lowered serum triglyceride levels than ischemic stroke patients and controls (P < 0.05). Dyslipidemia was found in 51.1% of stroke patients. Active smokers (AOR = 6.54, 95% CI = 1.56-27.33), being female (AOR = 3.64, 95% CI = 1.49-8.88), current alcohol drinkers (AOR = 3.51, 95% CI = 1.01-12.25), being diabetes patients (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI = 1.14-11.60) and high body max index (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI = 1.50-11.05) were significantly associated with dyslipidemia. Conclusions The overall dyslipidemia and lipid fraction abnormalities were higher in stroke patients. Efforts should be focused towards addressing these lipid abnormalities through lifestyle modification, health education and lipid reduction therapies in order to reduce their adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermiyas Alemayehu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Alebachew Fasil
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Marye Nigatie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Sintayehu Ambachew
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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8
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Franczyk B, Gluba-Brzózka A, Ciałkowska-Rysz A, Ławiński J, Rysz J. The Impact of Aerobic Exercise on HDL Quantity and Quality: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054653. [PMID: 36902082 PMCID: PMC10003711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins comprise roughly 25-30% of the circulating proteins involved in the transport of lipids in circulation. These particles differ in size and lipid composition. Recent evidence suggests that the quality of HDL particles (which depends on shape, size and the composition of proteins and lipids determining HDL functionality) may be more important than their quantity. The functionality of HDL is mirrored by its cholesterol efflux activity, as well as its antioxidant (including the protection of LDL against oxidation), anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic properties. The results of many studies and meta-analyses imply the beneficial impact of aerobic exercise on HDL-C levels. Physical activity was found to be usually associated with an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decrease in LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Exercise, apart from inducing quantitative alterations in serum lipids, exerts a beneficial impact on HDL particle maturation, composition and functionality. The Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report underlined the importance of establishing a program recommending exercises that enable attainment of maximal advantage at the lowest level of risk. The aim of this manuscript is to review the impact of different types of aerobic exercise (various intensities and durations) on the level and quality of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-639-3750
| | | | - Janusz Ławiński
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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9
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Abrahams C, Woudberg NJ, Lecour S. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: targeting high-density lipoproteins to limit the damage? Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:85. [PMID: 36050733 PMCID: PMC9434835 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic frequently used against a wide range of cancers, including breast cancer. Although the drug is effective as a treatment against cancer, many patients develop heart failure (HF) months to years following their last treatment with DOX. The challenge in preventing DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is that symptoms present after damage has already occurred in the myocardium. Therefore, early biomarkers to assess DOX-induced cardiotoxicity are urgently needed. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the toxicity is important as this may facilitate the development of novel early biomarkers or therapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss the role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and its components as possible key players in the early development of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. HDL particles exist in different subclasses which vary in composition and biological functionality. Multiple cardiovascular risk factors are associated with a change in HDL subclasses, resulting in modifications of their composition and physiological functions. There is growing evidence in the literature suggesting that cancer affects HDL subclasses and that healthy HDL particles enriched with sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) protect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we therefore discuss associations and relationships between HDL, DOX and cancer and discuss whether assessing HDL subclass/composition/function may be considered as a possible early biomarker to detect DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelita Abrahams
- Cardioprotection Group, Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7935, South Africa
| | - Nicholas J Woudberg
- Cardioprotection Group, Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7935, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Cardioprotection Group, Cape Heart Institute and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7935, South Africa.
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10
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Goedecke JH, Nguyen KA, Kufe C, Masemola M, Chikowore T, Mendham AE, Norris SA, Crowther NJ, Karpe F, Olsson T, Kengne AP, Micklesfield LK. Waist circumference thresholds predicting incident dysglycaemia and type 2 diabetes in Black African men and women. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:918-927. [PMID: 35088498 PMCID: PMC9305761 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the waist circumference (WC) thresholds for the prediction of incident dysglycaemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Black South African (SA) men and women and to compare these to the advocated International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Europid thresholds. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study, Black SA men (n = 502) and women (n = 527) from the Middle-aged Sowetan Cohort study who had normal or impaired fasting glucose at baseline (2011-2015) were followed up until 2017 to 2018. Baseline measurements included anthropometry, blood pressure and fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. At follow-up, glucose tolerance was assessed using an oral glucose tolerance test. The Youden index was used to determine the optimal threshold of WC to predict incident dysglycaemia and T2D. RESULTS In men, the optimal WC threshold was 96.8 cm for both dysglycaemia and T2D (sensitivity: 56% and 70%; specificity: 74% and 70%, respectively), and had higher specificity (P < 0.001) than the IDF threshold of 94 cm. In women, the optimal WC threshold for incident dysglycaemia was 91.8 cm (sensitivity 86%, specificity 37%) and for T2D it was 95.8 cm (sensitivity 85%, specificity 45%), which had lower sensitivity, but higher specificity to predict incident dysglycaemia and T2D than the IDF threshold of 80 cm (sensitivity: 97% and 100%; specificity: 12% and 11%, respectively)). CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time using prospective cohort data from Africa that the IDF Europid WC thresholds are not appropriate for an African population, and show that African-specific WC thresholds perform better than the IDF Europid thresholds to predict incident dysglycaemia and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H. Goedecke
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
- South African Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of PaediatricsFaculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Kim A. Nguyen
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Clement Kufe
- South African Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of PaediatricsFaculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Maphoko Masemola
- South African Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of PaediatricsFaculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Tinashe Chikowore
- South African Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of PaediatricsFaculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Amy E. Mendham
- South African Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of PaediatricsFaculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), FIMS International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human BiologyFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Shane A. Norris
- South African Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of PaediatricsFaculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Nigel J. Crowther
- Department of Chemical PathologyNational Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation TrustUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical MedicineMedicine, Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Lisa K. Micklesfield
- South African Medical Research Council/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Department of PaediatricsFaculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
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11
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Maciel EDS, Silva BKR, Figueiredo FWDS, Pontes-Silva A, Quaresma FRP, Adami F, Fonseca FLA. Physical inactivity level and lipid profile in traditional communities in the Legal Amazon: a cross-sectional study : Physical inactivity level in the Legal Amazon. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:542. [PMID: 35303858 PMCID: PMC8932679 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The practice of regular physical activity can alter the lipid profile in populations according to diverse demographic characteristics. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of physical inactivity with the lipid profile among vulnerable populations. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 349 vulnerable individuals from Tocantins state, northern Brazil. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire 7 Day short form was used to measure self-reported physical activity levels. Venous blood samples were drawn to evaluate lipid profile. Logistic regression adjusted by the socioeconomic variables was used to analyse the effects of physical inactivity on the lipidic profile. The level of significance was 5% and Stata® (StataCorp, LC) version 11 was used. RESULTS We observe an inverse relationship between physical inactivity and HDL-C-that is, those who were sedentary or below the WHO Recommendations for physical activity were at 2.6 greater odds (IC95% 1.21, 5.67; p = 0.015) of having a lower HDL compared with those meeting or exceeding WHO physical activity recommendations. CONCLUSION On the vulnerable populations studied, the insufficiently active or sedentary individuals (called the physical inactivity individuals) have more risk of the altered HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - André Pontes-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia (PhD Program), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235, São Carlos, SP CEP 13565-905 Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Adami
- Centro Universitário FMABC (FMABC), Santo André, SP Brazil
| | - Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
- Centro Universitário FMABC (FMABC), Santo André, SP Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Hu Y, Xia C, Chen H, Song W, Zhou Q, Yang X, Yang J. Sex Differences in the Association between Different Obesity Parameters and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural China. Gerontology 2021; 68:799-807. [PMID: 34844240 DOI: 10.1159/000520081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of risk factors for cognition decline may contribute to the interventions for Alzheimer's disease. Obesity is a common modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases. The association between obesity and cognition in older adults is limited, and sex differences in this area have not been well recognized. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to observe the sex differences in the relationship between obesity and cognition in a rural community-dwelling older population of Guizhou, China. METHODS Data were gathered from the baseline survey of a cohort study of older people in rural areas of Guizhou, China. Demographic and behavioral data (sex, age, education, household income, smoking history, drinking history, history of head injury, diet, and level of physical exercise time) were collected. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive function. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were used as different measures of obesity. Comparisons between the groups were made by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test or Kruskal-Wallis H test. Restricted cubic spline regression was used to examine a dose-response relationship between obesity indicators and cognitive function. Linear relationships were performed by the multivariable linear regression model. RESULTS A total of 1,654 participants including 964 women and 690 men were enrolled in this study. After adjustment, BMI showed a nonlinear relationship with MMSE scores in women. There was a significant trend toward increasing MMSE scores at the low end of BMI (13.52-20.10 kg/m2, p = 0.014). The multivariable linear regression model showed that MMSE increased by 0.631 (p < 0.001) for every one standard deviation increase in HC in women. No association was found between obesity parameters and cognitive function in men. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that there are significant sex differences in some obesity parameters and cognition in an older Chinese population. BMI and HC are positively associated with cognitive function in women. No association was found between obesity measures and cognitive function in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Caixia Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjun Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Quanxiang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qinnan Medical College for Nationalities, Qiannan, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingyuan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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13
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Low Levels of Serum Fetuin-A and Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Correlate with Lipoprotein Subfractions in Morbid Obese and Lean Non-Diabetic Subjects. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090881. [PMID: 34575030 PMCID: PMC8471801 DOI: 10.3390/life11090881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fetuin-A and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) are secreted as both hepatokine and adipokine. These are involved in insulin resistance, obesity-related dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis. To date, correlations of circulating fetuin-A and RBP4 with lipoprotein subfractions as well as high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-linked proteins have not been entirely investigated in morbid obese and lean non-diabetic subjects. Methods: One-hundred obese non-diabetic patients (body mass index, BMI: 42.5 ± 8.1 kg/m2) along with 32 gender and age-matched normal weight controls (BMI: 24.5 ± 2.5 kg/m2) were enrolled in our study. Serum fetuin-A and RBP4 were measured by ELISA. Lipoprotein subfractions were distributed by Lipoprint gelelectrophoresis. Results: Serum fetuin-A and RBP4 were unexpectedly lower in obese patients (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively) compared to controls and correlated with each other (r = 0.37; p < 0.001). Fetuin-A had positive correlations with HDL-C (r = 0.22; p = 0.02), apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) (r = 0.33; p < 0.001), very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) subfraction (r = 0.18; p = 0.05), and large HDL subfraction levels (r = 0.3; p = 0.001) but did not show correlation with carbohydrate parameters in all subjects. RBP4 correlated positively with HDL-C (r = 0.2; p = 0.025), apoAI (r = 0.23; p = 0.01), VLDL subfraction (r = 0.37; p < 0.001), intermediate HDL subfraction (r = 0.23; p = 0.01), and small HDL subfraction (r = 0.21; p = 0.02) concentrations, as well as C-peptide levels in overall participants. Backward stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that serum fetuin-A concentration is best predicted by RBP4 and large HDL subfraction. In model 2, VLDL subfraction was the independent predictor of serum RBP4 level. Conclusions: Our data may indicate a potential role of fetuin-A and RBP4 in impaired lipoprotein metabolism associated with obesity.
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14
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Zhao M, Guo Z, Jia G, Ma R, Li M. Influencing factors of coronary artery stenosis in patients with stable coronary heart disease and a correlation analysis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:9522-9529. [PMID: 34540074 PMCID: PMC8430167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship of the size and concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and the coronary stenotic degree of stable coronary artery disease. METHODS Altogether 62 patients with coronary disease confirmed by coronary angiography treated in our hospital from March 2019 to March 2020 were selected as the observation group, and 62 healthy persons in the same period were chosen as the control group. The particle size of LDL and HDL protein complexes were measured and we then calculated the concentration ratio to explore the relationship between the two types of lipoprotein particles and the degree of coronary artery disease. The Gensini integral method and the lesion numbers were used to evaluate the coronary stenotic degree. RESULTS In comparison with the control group, the mean diameter of the average LDL particle in the observation group was smaller, but the type B ratio and Gensini score were higher (P<0.05). In comparison with the control group, the observation group had a higher Sd-LDL concentration ratio, as well as concentration of small-particle HDL, percentage of concentration of small-particle HDL in the whole HDL concentration and Gensini score (P<0.05). In comparison with the single-vessel disease group, the multi-vessel disease group had a smaller LDL concentration, as well as smaller large-particle HDL concentration and percentage of large-particle HDL concentration in the whole HDL concentration, and SD-LDL concentration ratio, small-particle HDL concentration, and percentage of small-particle HDL concentration in the whole HDL concentration and Gensini points were considerably higher (P<0.05). The Gensini score in the observation group showed negative correlations with LDL particle size (r=-0.375, P<0.05), and positive correlations with the concentration of large-particle HDL (r=0.301, P<0.05). CONCLUSION The size and concentration of LDL and HDL are significantly related to the coronary stenotic degree in SCAD disease, suggesting that they play a role in the coronary stenotic degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Department of Cardiology III, Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou 061001, Hebei, China
| | - Zhihao Guo
- Department of Cardiology III, Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou 061001, Hebei, China
| | - Guowei Jia
- Department of Cardiology III, Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou 061001, Hebei, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Cardiology III, Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou 061001, Hebei, China
| | - Meili Li
- Department of Cardiology III, Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou 061001, Hebei, China
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Yi SW, Park SJ, Yi JJ, Ohrr H, Kim H. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and all-cause mortality by sex and age: a prospective cohort study among 15.8 million adults. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:902-913. [PMID: 33313654 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and all-cause mortality are unclear in young adults (<45 years) and in Asian populations. METHODS In total, 15 860 253 Korean adults underwent routine health examinations during 2009-10 and were followed until June 2018 for all-cause mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS During a mean 8.4 years of follow-up, 555 802 individuals died. U-curve associations were found between HDL-C levels and mortality, irrespective of sex or age. The HDL-C ranges associated with the lowest mortality were 40-59 and 50-69 mg/dL (1.03-1.54 and 1.29-1.80 mmol/L) in men aged <65 and ≥65 years, respectively, and the corresponding ranges were 40-69 and 50-79 mg/dL (1.03-1.80 and 1.29-2.06 mmol/L) in women aged <45 and ≥45 years, respectively. For HDL-C ranges of 60-149 mg/dL (1.55-3.86 mmol/L), each 39 mg/dL (1 mmol/L) increase in HDL-C was associated with higher mortality [men: HR = 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.36-1.42; women: HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.11-1.18], adjusting for age. These positive associations were generally stronger at younger than older ages, whereas inverse associations for HDL-C ranges <60 mg/dL (1.55 mmol/L) were strongest in middle age (45-64 years). The U-curve associations were generally unchanged after adjustment for various confounders. CONCLUSIONS Korean adults showed U-curve associations of HDL-C with mortality, regardless of sex, and age. Younger adults had a lower optimal range and a stronger positive association with mortality than older adults in the high HDL-C range. Even moderately high HDL-C levels are not necessarily a sign of good health, especially in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Wook Yi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jun Park
- Division of Cardiology, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Jeon Yi
- Institute for Occupational and Environmental Health, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Heechoul Ohrr
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongsu Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkul University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ben Cherifa F, El Ati J, Doggui R, El Ati-Hellal M, Traissac P. Prevalence of High HDL Cholesterol and Its Associated Factors Among Tunisian Women of Childbearing Age: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105461. [PMID: 34065252 PMCID: PMC8160772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The protective role of high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) against cardiovascular risk has been questioned recently. Due to the increasing trend of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Tunisia, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of high HDL-C and its associated factors in Tunisian women of childbearing age. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a subsample of 1689 women, aged 20 to 49 years, in the Great Tunis region. Data on socio-demographic and lifestyle factors were collected by a questionnaire. Overall adiposity was assessed by body mass index (BMI). All biological variables were assayed in blood samples coated with anticoagulant ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) by enzymatic methods. Stata software (2015) was used for data management and statistical analysis. High HDL-C values were recorded in 26.6% of selected women. After adjustment for all socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, age, hypertension, and smoking were negatively associated with high HDL-C levels, while family history of cancer was positively associated with high HDL-C in women. An additional investigation on the relationship between high HDL-C and cancer risk should be performed due to controversial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ben Cherifa
- SURVEN (Nutrition Surveillance and Epidemiology in Tunisia) Research Laboratory, INNTA (National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology), 11 Rue Jebel Lakhdar, bab Saadoun, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia; (F.B.C.); (J.E.A.); (R.D.)
| | - Jalila El Ati
- SURVEN (Nutrition Surveillance and Epidemiology in Tunisia) Research Laboratory, INNTA (National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology), 11 Rue Jebel Lakhdar, bab Saadoun, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia; (F.B.C.); (J.E.A.); (R.D.)
| | - Radhouene Doggui
- SURVEN (Nutrition Surveillance and Epidemiology in Tunisia) Research Laboratory, INNTA (National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology), 11 Rue Jebel Lakhdar, bab Saadoun, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia; (F.B.C.); (J.E.A.); (R.D.)
| | - Myriam El Ati-Hellal
- Laboratory Materials Molecules and Applications, IPEST (Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies), University of Carthage, P.B. 51, 2070 Tunis, Tunisia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +216-524-786-80
| | - Pierre Traissac
- MoISA-Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, 911 Av. Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France;
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Luna-Castillo KP, Lin S, Muñoz-Valle JF, Vizmanos B, López-Quintero A, Márquez-Sandoval F. Functional Food and Bioactive Compounds on the Modulation of the Functionality of HDL-C: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:1165. [PMID: 33916032 PMCID: PMC8066338 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a serious public health problem and are the primary cause of death worldwide. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been identified as one of the most important molecules in the prevention of CVD due to its multiple anti-inflammatories, anti-atherogenic, and antioxidant properties. Currently, it has been observed that maintaining healthy levels of HDL-C does not seem to be sufficient if the functionality of this particle is not adequate. Modifications in the structure and composition of HDL-C lead to a pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, and dysfunctional version of the molecule. Various assays have evaluated some HDL-C functions on risk populations, but they were not the main objective in some of these. Functional foods and dietary compounds such as extra virgin olive oil, nuts, whole grains, legumes, fresh fish, quercetin, curcumin, ginger, resveratrol, and other polyphenols could increase HDL functionality by improving the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity. Nevertheless, additional rigorous research basic and applied is required in order to better understand the association between diet and HDL functionality. This will enable the development of nutritional precision management guidelines for healthy HDL to reduce cardiovascular risk in adults. The aim of the study was to increase the understanding of dietary compounds (functional foods and bioactive components) on the functionality of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Paulina Luna-Castillo
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.); (B.V.)
| | - Sophia Lin
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.); (B.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Barbara Vizmanos
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.); (B.V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Andres López-Quintero
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.); (B.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Márquez-Sandoval
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.); (B.V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
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Stadler JT, Lackner S, Mörkl S, Trakaki A, Scharnagl H, Borenich A, Wonisch W, Mangge H, Zelzer S, Meier-Allard N, Holasek SJ, Marsche G. Obesity Affects HDL Metabolism, Composition and Subclass Distribution. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030242. [PMID: 33673728 PMCID: PMC7997277 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity increases the risk of coronary heart disease, partly due to its strong association with atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Functional impairment of HDL may contribute to the increased cardiovascular mortality, but the effect of obesity on composition, structure, and function of HDL is not well understood. Design and Methods: We determined HDL composition, HDL subclass distribution, parameters of HDL function, and activities of most important enzymes involved in lipoprotein remodeling, including lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in relatively young normal weight (n = 26), overweight (n = 22), and obese (n = 20) women. Results: Obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30) was associated with noticeable changes in LCAT and CETP activities and altered HDL composition, such as decreased apolipoprotein A-I, cholesterol, and phospholipid content, while pro-inflammatory HDL serum amyloid a content was increased. We observed a marked shift towards smaller HDL subclasses in obesity linked to lower anti-oxidative capacity of serum. LCAT activity, HDL subclass distribution, and HDL-cholesterol were associated with soluble leptin receptor, adiponectin, and liver enzyme activities. Of note, most of these alterations were only seen in obese women but not in overweight women. Conclusions: Obesity markedly affects HDL metabolism, composition, and subclass distribution linked to changes in liver and adipose tissue. HDL dysfunction may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Stadler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31a, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (N.M.-A.)
| | - Sabrina Mörkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Athina Trakaki
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.S.); (H.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Andrea Borenich
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Willibald Wonisch
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.S.); (H.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria; (H.S.); (H.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31a, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (N.M.-A.)
| | - Sandra J. Holasek
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31a, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.L.); (N.M.-A.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.H.); (G.M.); Tel.: +43-316-385-741-28 (G.M.)
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (A.T.)
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (S.J.H.); (G.M.); Tel.: +43-316-385-741-28 (G.M.)
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Almari M, Mohammad A, Abubaker J, Ziyab AH. Obesity and Prediabetes are Jointly Associated with Lipid Abnormalities Among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:345-353. [PMID: 33519222 PMCID: PMC7837585 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s290383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity and prediabetes are common among adolescents; however, it is unclear whether they jointly influence lipid levels. Hence, this study sought to assess whether obesity and prediabetes independently or jointly influence lipid levels among adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study enrolled school students aged 14-19 years (n = 1584). Body mass index (BMI)-for-age z-scores were estimated, and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and lipid profile were measured in capillary blood. Prediabetes was defined as 5.7≤ HbA1c% ≤6.4. Geometric means of lipids were calculated, and linear regression was used to estimate the ratio of geometric means (RoGM) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). All analyses were stratified by sex. RESULTS Of the total study participants, 52.1% (826/1584) were females and the majority were aged between 14.0 (5th percentile) and 18.0 (95th percentile) years. Based on BMI-for-age categories, 356 (22.5%) and 494 (31.2%) participants were classified as overweight and obese, respectively. Moreover, 34.3% (543/1584) of the study participants met the prediabetes definition. Compared to those with normal BMI and no prediabetes (reference category), participants classified as obese and having prediabetes had elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC; RoGM=1.09, 95% CI: 1.06-1.13), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; 1.21, 1.13-1.29), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C; 1.20, 1.14-1.26), and triglycerides (TG; 1.18, 1.09-1.27) and reduced HDL-C (0.91, 0.88-0.95) levels. Independent of prediabetes, obesity was associated with all the investigated lipids. Prediabetes alone was associated with reduced levels of LDL-C and increased levels of HDL-C only among females. CONCLUSION Obesity independently and in combination with prediabetes demonstrated unfavorable effects on lipids among male and female adolescents, whereas prediabetes independently influenced LDL-C and HDL-C favorably only among females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Almari
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Anwar Mohammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ali H Ziyab
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
- Correspondence: Ali H Ziyab Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait, P. O. Box 24923, Safat13110, Kuwait Tel +96524636545 Fax +96525338948 Email
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20
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Stadler JT, Marsche G. Obesity-Related Changes in High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8985. [PMID: 33256096 PMCID: PMC7731239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In obese individuals, atherogenic dyslipidemia is a very common and important factor in the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Adiposity-associated dyslipidemia is characterized by low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and an increase in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Several factors and mechanisms are involved in lowering HDL-C levels in the obese state and HDL quantity and quality is closely related to adiponectin levels and the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate. Recent studies have shown that obesity profoundly alters HDL metabolism, resulting in altered HDL subclass distribution, composition, and function. Importantly, weight loss through gastric bypass surgery and Mediterranean diet, especially when enriched with virgin olive oil, is associated with increased HDL-C levels and significantly improved metrics of HDL function. A thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms is crucial for a better understanding of the impact of obesity on lipoprotein metabolism and for the development of appropriate therapeutic approaches. The objective of this review article was to summarize the newly identified changes in the metabolism, composition, and function of HDL in obesity and to discuss possible pathophysiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Stadler
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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21
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Hudson P, Woudberg NJ, Kamau F, Strijdom H, Frias MA, Lecour S. HIV-related cardiovascular disease: any role for high-density lipoproteins? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1221-H1226. [PMID: 33006917 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00445.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the life expectancy of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, this population is at an increased risk for noncommunicable diseases, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both ART and viral infection may be potential contributors to the pathophysiology of HIV-related CVD. The mechanisms behind this remain unclear, but it is critical to delineate early biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in the HIV population. In this review, we postulate that potential biomarkers could include alterations to high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Indeed, recent data suggest that HIV and ART may induce structural changes of HDL, thus resulting in shifts in HDL subclass distribution and HDL functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicholas J Woudberg
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Festus Kamau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Hans Strijdom
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Miguel A Frias
- Department of Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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22
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Xu J, Duan X. Association between periodontitis and hyperlipidaemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1861-1873. [PMID: 32623762 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To date, it has been reported that periodontitis (PD) may be associated with hyperlipidaemia in clinical practice. However, data on this issue are inconsistent and controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to identify the association between PD and hyperlipidaemia. Here, 21 case-control and eight cross-sectional studies on PD and hyperlipidaemia were included in the random-effects meta-analysis, involving 2060 patients with PD and 2776 healthy controls (HC). Meta-analysis showed that serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in the PD group were significantly higher than those in the HC group [TG, weighted mean difference (WMD) = 19.4 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval (CI) 13.3-25.5 mg/dL, P = .000; TC, WMD = 15.4 mg/dL, 95%CI 10.2-20.6 mg/dL, P = .000]. Subgroup analysis stratified by study design validated that PD was associated with higher serum TG and TC levels. In addition, compared with the HC group, serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in patients with PD showed a markedly higher level (WMD = 11.7 mg/dL, 95% CI 8.3-15.0 mg/dL, P = .000), whereas serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in PD group exhibited a significantly lower level (WMD = -4.5 mg/dL, 95%CI -6.4 - -2.7 mg/dL, P = .000). Finally, no significant publication bias was observed and sensitivity analysis also confirmed the stability of our meta-analyses. In conclusion, the accumulated evidence suggests that PD is indeed associated with hyperlipidaemia in humans. More interventions for lowering lipids or increasing HDL may benefit the patients with PD, which need be further investigated in prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Periodontology, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Duan
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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23
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Altered HDL metabolism in metabolic disorders: insights into the therapeutic potential of HDL. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2221-2235. [PMID: 31722013 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and are commonly characterized by a low plasma level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Although cholesterol lowering medications reduce CVD risk in these patients, they often remain at increased risk of CVD. Therapeutic strategies that raise HDL-C levels and improve HDL function are a potential treatment option for reducing residual CVD risk in these individuals. Over the past decade, understanding of the metabolism and cardioprotective functions of HDLs has improved, with preclinical and clinical studies both indicating that the ability of HDLs to mediate reverse cholesterol transport, inhibit inflammation and reduce oxidation is impaired in metabolic disorders. These cardioprotective effects of HDLs are supported by the outcomes of epidemiological, cell and animal studies, but have not been confirmed in several recent clinical outcome trials of HDL-raising agents. Recent studies suggest that HDL function may be clinically more important than plasma levels of HDL-C. However, at least some of the cardioprotective functions of HDLs are lost in acute coronary syndrome and stable coronary artery disease patients. HDL dysfunction is also associated with metabolic abnormalities. This review is concerned with the impact of metabolic abnormalities, including dyslipidemia, obesity and Type 2 diabetes, on the metabolism and cardioprotective functions of HDLs.
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Moradinazar M, Pasdar Y, Najafi F, Shahsavari S, Shakiba E, Hamzeh B, Fakhri N. Association between dyslipidemia and blood lipids concentration with smoking habits in the Kurdish population of Iran. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:673. [PMID: 32404075 PMCID: PMC7218585 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is the most preventable cause of most chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dyslipidemia is also an important risk factor for CVD. Yet, research has provided contradicting findings regarding the association between smoking and blood lipids. This paper examines the relationship between dyslipidemia and smoking based on the results of a cross-sectional sample of a Kurdish population in western Iran. METHODS This population-based study was derived from the recruitment phase of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study. Logistic regression model adjusted by confounding variables was used to determine the relationship between smoking and blood lipid components. In addition, dose-response relationship between blood lipids and the number of smoked cigarettes was evaluated. RESULTS For the purpose of this study, 7586 participants were examined. The lifetime prevalence of smoking was 19.9%, and 11.8% were current smokers. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in current smokers (54.9%) was higher than former smokers (43.9%) and in turn former smokers higher than non-smokers (38.0%). Current smokers had greater risk of abnormal HDL cholesterol [OR (95% CI), 2.28(1.98 -2.62)] and triglyceride [OR (95% CI), 1.37(1.15 -1.67)] compared to non-smokers. There was no significant difference in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol between the two groups. A dose-response relationship was found between the number of cigarettes smoked and HDL-C and TG but no relationship was observed in terms of total cholesterol and LDL-C. CONCLUSIONS As compared to non-smokers, current smokers and former smokers had abnormal HDL-C and triglyceride and abnormal total cholesterol and triglyceride, respectively. After quitting smoking, heavy smokers showed a more normal HDL-C and total cholesterol levels than the people who tended to smoke a lower number of cigarettes per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Moradinazar
- Behavioral Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soodeh Shahsavari
- Behavioral Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Shakiba
- Behavioral Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behrooz Hamzeh
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Negin Fakhri
- Student’s research committee, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Yi L, Zhang J, Zhong J, Zheng Y. Elevated Levels of Platelet Activating Factor and Its Acetylhydrolase Indicate High Risk of Kawasaki Disease. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:159-167. [PMID: 31841639 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lunyu Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yuqiang Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, P. R. China
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26
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de Lima-Junior JC, Virginio VWM, Moura FA, Bertolami A, Bertolami M, Coelho-Filho OR, Zanotti I, Nadruz W, de Faria EC, de Carvalho LSF, Sposito AC. Excess weight mediates changes in HDL pool that reduce cholesterol efflux capacity and increase antioxidant activity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:254-264. [PMID: 31753789 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Obesity-related decline in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functions such as cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) has supported the notion that this lipoprotein dysfunction may contribute for atherogenesis among obese patients. We investigated if potentially other HDL protective actions may be affected with weight gain and these changes may occur even before the obesity range in a cross-sectional analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS Lipid profile, body mass index (BMI), biochemical measurements, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) were obtained in this cross-sectional study with 899 asymptomatic individuals. Lipoproteins were separated by ultracentrifugation and HDL physical-chemical characterization, CEC, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, HDL-mediated platelet aggregation inhibition were measured in a randomly-selected subgroup (n = 101). Individuals with increased HDL-C had an attenuated increase in cIMT with elevation of BMI (interaction effect β = -0.054; CI 95% -0.0815, -0.0301). CEC, HDL-C, HDL size and HDL-antioxidant activity were negatively associated with cIMT. BMI was inversely correlated with HDL-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation (Spearman's rho -0.157, p < 0.03) and CEC (Spearman's rho -0.32, p < 0.001), but surprisingly it was directly correlated with the antioxidant activity (Spearman's rho 0.194, p = 0.052). Thus, even in non-obese, non-diabetic individuals, increased BMI is associated with a wide change in protective functions of HDL, reducing CEC and increasing antioxidant activity. In these subjects, decreased HDL concentration, size or function are related to increased atherosclerotic burden. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that in non-obese, non-diabetic individuals, the increasing values of BMI are associated with impaired protective functions of HDL and concomitant increase in atherosclerotic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos de Lima-Junior
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor W M Virginio
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Filipe A Moura
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, New England, United States
| | - Adriana Bertolami
- Department of Dyslipidemia, Dante Pazzanese Cardiological Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bertolami
- Department of Dyslipidemia, Dante Pazzanese Cardiological Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otavio R Coelho-Filho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ilaria Zanotti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Wilson Nadruz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Cotta de Faria
- Lipids Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Sergio F de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrei C Sposito
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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27
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Advances in HDL: Much More than Lipid Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030732. [PMID: 31979129 PMCID: PMC7037660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) particles, beyond serving as lipid transporters and playing a key role in reverse cholesterol transport, carry a highly variable number of proteins, micro-RNAs, vitamins, and hormones, which endow them with the ability to mediate a plethora of cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote cardiovascular health. It is becoming increasingly evident, however, that the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and co-morbidities alters HDLs cargo and protective functions. This concept has led to the notion that metrics other than HDL-cholesterol levels, such as HDL functionality and composition, may better capture HDL cardiovascular protection. On the other hand, the potential of HDL as natural delivery carriers has also fostered the design of engineered HDL-mimetics aiming to improve HDL efficacy or as drug-delivery agents with therapeutic potential. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the molecules known to be transported by HDL particles and mainly discuss their functions in the cardiovascular system. Second, we describe the impact of cardiovascular risk factors and co-morbidities on HDL remodeling. Finally, we review the currently developed HDL-based approaches.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Goedecke
- From the Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town
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29
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Zhang T, Chen J, Tang X, Luo Q, Xu D, Yu B. Interaction between adipocytes and high-density lipoprotein:new insights into the mechanism of obesity-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:223. [PMID: 31842884 PMCID: PMC6913018 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide and is associated with dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The hallmark of dyslipidemia in obesity is low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Moreover, the quality of HDL is also changed in the obese setting. However, there are still some disputes on the explanations for this phenomenon. There is increasing evidence that adipose tissue, as an energy storage tissue, participates in several metabolism activities, such as hormone secretion and cholesterol efflux. It can influence overall reverse cholesterol transport and plasma HDL-C level. In obesity individuals, the changes in morphology and function of adipose tissue affect plasma HDL-C levels and HDL function, thus, adipose tissue should be the main target for the treatment of HDL metabolism in obesity. In this review, we will summarize the cross-talk between adipocytes and HDL related to cardiovascular disease and focus on the new insights of the potential mechanism underlying obesity and HDL dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bilian Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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de Sousa ELH, Cavalcante JEA, de Sousa DF, Ferreira JM, Meneses RRC, Sousa DL, da Silva AJX, Filho RRBX, da Silva Dos Santos E, Havt A, Damasceno NRT, Sampaio TL, Queiroz MGR. Comparison of early cardiovascular risk among Brazilian and African university students. Clin Biochem 2019; 75:7-14. [PMID: 31678428 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the main causes of mortality worldwide, and dyslipidemia is a principal factor risk. Hence the study of biochemical markers is necessary for early diagnosis. OBJECTIVES Evaluate biomarkers to diagnose the risks of cardiovascular diseases in healthy Brazilian and African young adults. DESIGN & METHODS Weight, height, waist circumference, percentage of body fat and systemic blood pressure were measured; and fasting blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-c, and apolipoproteins A-I and B were measured on automated equipment using commercially available kits, in addition to the tests of antioxidant capacity of HDL and the enzymatic activity of Paraoxonase 1. RESULTS After statistical analysis, it was found that BMI, WC, fat (%), triglycerides, ApoB/ApoA-I ratio and Vmax were higher in Brazilians, while HDL-c, ApoA-I, Lag Time, Vmax and PON1 activity were higher in Africans. In Brazilians, the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio was related to obesity factors and lipid profile, but in Africans it was related only to lipids. The antioxidant capacity of HDL and PON1 activity was better in Africans. Through independence testing, we observed an association with moderate risk of myocardial infarction with gender in Africans. In the binary logistic regression analysis, it was found that men in general - and particularly African men - have higher risk of myocardial infarction than women; Odds Ratio 2144 (CI95%: 1343-3424) and 2281 (CI95%: 1082-4811), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The anthropometric and biochemical parameters of Brazilians, especially men, predispose them to greater risks of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Duaran Lopes Sousa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elias da Silva Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Havt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Lima Sampaio
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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31
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Ohtani R, Nirengi S, Nakamura M, Murase N, Sainouchi M, Kuwata Y, Takata M, Masuda Y, Kotani K, Sakane N. High-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Study of Outcome and aPolipoproteins in Dementia (STOP-Dementia)1. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:289-296. [PMID: 30248050 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein (HDL) containing apolipoprotein A-I is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). HDL particle size is modified in the presence of pathological conditions, while the significance of the HDL particle size remains controversial. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the HDL lipoprotein subclasses in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 20 AD patients, 17 MCI patients, and 17 age-matched controls without cognitive impairment, selected from the database of the Study of Outcome and aPolipoproteins in Dementia (STOP-Dementia) registry. The diagnoses of AD and MCI were performed by expert neurologists according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition criteria. Serum HDL subclasses were measured by electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins using the Lipoprint System. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a marker of inflammation, was calculated by dividing the neutrophil count by the lymphocyte count. RESULTS Small-sized HDL particle levels in the MCI group were significantly higher than in the control group, although there was no difference in serum HDL-cholesterol levels between MCI and control groups. NLR in the MCI group was higher than in the control group, but this difference was non-significant (p = 0.09). There was no difference in HDL subclasses or NLR between the AD and control groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that HDL subclasses might be associated with the development of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ohtani
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nirengi
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michikazu Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nagako Murase
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Sainouchi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuwata
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Takata
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuuichi Masuda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Community and Family Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-City, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fukakusa, Kyoto, Japan
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Crosstalk Between Adipokines and Paraoxonase 1: A New Potential Axis Linking Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080287. [PMID: 31390816 PMCID: PMC6719214 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated protein that endows its carrier with (lipo-)lactonase-dependent antioxidative features. Low levels of PON1 activity have been observed in association with obesity, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Considering the well-recognized atheroprotective role of PON1, exogenous/endogenous factors that might modulate its levels/activity are raising great interest. Since adipokines represent a molecular link between obesity and CVD, we here explored the possible impact of these substances on PON1 activity/expression. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, hepatocyte growth factor, resistin, leptin, and adiponectin were measured along with arylesterase, paraoxonase, and lactonase activities of PON1 in 107 postmenopausal women. Moreover, the direct effect of resistin on PON1 expression was evaluated in vitro. Multivariate analysis revealed that only resistin was significantly and inversely correlated with PON1-lactonase activities (r = −0.346, p < 0.001) regardless of confounding factors such as age or HDL-cholesterol. It is worth noting that no statistical link was found between adipokine and arylesterase or paraoxonase, the two promiscuous activities of PON1. Notably, resistin down-regulated PON1 expression occurred in hepatocellular carcinoma cultures. Our study suggests that resistin might be a negative modulator of PON1 expression and anti-oxidative activity.
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33
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Baldini G, Phelan KD. The melanocortin pathway and control of appetite-progress and therapeutic implications. J Endocrinol 2019; 241:R1-R33. [PMID: 30812013 PMCID: PMC6500576 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The initial discovery that ob/ob mice become obese because of a recessive mutation of the leptin gene has been crucial to discover the melanocortin pathway to control appetite. In the melanocortin pathway, the fed state is signaled by abundance of circulating hormones such as leptin and insulin, which bind to receptors expressed at the surface of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons to promote processing of POMC to the mature hormone α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). The α-MSH released by POMC neurons then signals to decrease energy intake by binding to melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) expressed by MC4R neurons to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Conversely, in the 'starved state' activity of agouti-related neuropeptide (AgRP) and of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-expressing neurons is increased by decreased levels of circulating leptin and insulin and by the orexigenic hormone ghrelin to promote food intake. This initial understanding of the melanocortin pathway has recently been implemented by the description of the complex neuronal circuit that controls the activity of POMC, AgRP/NPY and MC4R neurons and downstream signaling by these neurons. This review summarizes the progress done on the melanocortin pathway and describes how obesity alters this pathway to disrupt energy homeostasis. We also describe progress on how leptin and insulin receptors signal in POMC neurons, how MC4R signals and how altered expression and traffic of MC4R change the acute signaling and desensitization properties of the receptor. We also describe how the discovery of the melanocortin pathway has led to the use of melanocortin agonists to treat obesity derived from genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Baldini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kevin D. Phelan
- Department of Neurobiology & Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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34
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Woudberg NJ, Lecour S, Goedecke JH. HDL Subclass Distribution Shifts with Increasing Central Adiposity. J Obes 2019; 2019:2107178. [PMID: 30863631 PMCID: PMC6378000 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2107178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cross-sectional studies have shown that obesity is associated with lower concentrations of large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses, it is unknown if changes in HDL subclasses are related to changes in body fat and its distribution over time. We therefore assessed changes in HDL subclass distribution over a 5.5-year free-living follow-up period in 24 black South African women. At baseline and follow-up, body composition and body fat distribution were measured using anthropometry, dual X-ray absorptiometry, and computerized tomography. HDL subclass distribution was quantified using Lipoprint®. Over the 5.5-year follow-up period, body fat (+17.3 ± 4.5 kg, p < 0.05) and trunk fat mass (+7.4 ± 1.9%, % fat mass, FM, p < 0.05) increased, while leg fat mass (-2.53 ± 0.56%, % FM, p < 0.001) and the distribution of large (-6.43 ± 2.12%, p < 0.05) HDL subclasses decreased. A percentage decrease in large HDL subclasses was associated with a percentage increase in central fat mass (visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area, p < 0.05) and a percentage decrease in peripheral fat mass (leg fat mass). These preliminary findings suggest that a relative redistribution of body fat from the periphery to the abdominal region were associated with a decrease HDL subclass size in black South African women and provide a novel link between body fat distribution and lipidology in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julia H. Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Parow Valley, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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35
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Barliana MI, Yolanda PD, Rostinawati T, Ng H, Alfian SD, Abdulah R, Diantini A. Polymorphism Of The APM1 Gene In Subjects With Central Obesity Related To Lower High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2317-2324. [PMID: 31807045 PMCID: PMC6842750 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s220050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central obesity is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Subjects with central obesity have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Many conditions affect the prevalence of central obesity, including energy expenditure, aging, proinflammatory conditions, and hormonal, genetic, and ethnic differences. Polymorphism of the APM1 gene, encoding the protein adiponectin, is closely related to metabolic syndrome. Adiponectin influences fatty acid oxidation and glucose intake in muscle. Therefore, variation in the APM1 gene is associated with diabetes and obesity. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the APM1 SNP rs2241766 with body mass index (BMI) and lipid profiles in Indonesian (Bandung) subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS Genotyping of the APM1 gene was performed using the Amplification Refractory Mutation System. Whole blood and serum of 54 subjects with central obesity (waist circumference [WC] ≥90 cm) and 53 healthy subjects (WC <90 cm) were collected. Measurements of the lipid profile (low-density lipoprotein [LDL], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], and total cholesterol [TC]) and BMI were examined. RESULTS The TT and GT genotype were observed (no GG genotype) in all subjects. The TC, LDL, fasting blood glucose, and BMI did not show a significant correlation between genotype variations of APM1 with central obesity. Otherwise, subjects with central obesity with the TT genotype had lower HDL levels than those with the GT genotype (p = 0.014, significant OR 1.045; 95% CI). CONCLUSION This finding suggests that the T allele of the APM1 SNP rs2241766 is dominant in the Bandung population, and subjects with the homozygous TT genotype have a higher incidence of metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa I Barliana
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Correspondence: Melisa I Barliana Department of Biological Pharmacy, Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM. 21, Bandung, Jatinangor45363, Indonesia Tel +62 22 8428 8888 Ext 3510 Email
| | - Poppy D Yolanda
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Tina Rostinawati
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Henry Ng
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Sofa D Alfian
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rizky Abdulah
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ajeng Diantini
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Woudberg NJ, Mendham AE, Katz AA, Goedecke JH, Lecour S. Exercise intervention alters HDL subclass distribution and function in obese women. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:232. [PMID: 30301473 PMCID: PMC6178267 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with a change in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function and subclass. Exercise training reduces cardiovascular risk in obese patients. We aimed to explore the effect of an exercise training stimulus on HDL functionality and subclass in obese women. METHODS Thirty-two obese black South African women were randomly assigned to exercise (combined aerobic and resistance exercise) or control (no exercise) conditions for 12-weeks. Pre- and post-testing included venous blood sampling for analysis of lipid profile and HDL functionality, by measuring cellular cholesterol efflux capacity, reduction in endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) expression (anti-inflammatory function), paraoxonase (PON) (antioxidative function) and platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activities (anti-thrombotic function). PON-1 and PAF-AH expression were determined in serum and in isolated HDL using Western blotting. Levels of large, intermediate and small HDL subclasses were measured using the Lipoprint® system. RESULTS Exercise training resulted in a decrease in body mass index (- 1.0 ± 0.5% vs + 1.2 ± 0.6%, p = 0.010), PON activity (- 8.7 ± 2.4% vs + 1.1 ± 3.0%, p = 0.021), PAF-AH serum expression (- 22.1 ± 8.0% vs + 16.9 ± 9.8, p = 0.002), and the distribution of small HDL subclasses (- 10.1 ± 5.4% vs + 15.7 ± 6.6%, p = 0.004) compared to controls. Exercise did not alter HDL cellular cholesterol efflux capacity and anti-inflammatory function. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the potential for exercise training to modify HDL subclass distribution and HDL function in obese women. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trials number: PACTR201711002789113 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Amy E Mendham
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arieh A Katz
- UCT Research Unit for Receptor biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julia H Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Suganuma H, Ikeda N, Ohkawa N, Shoji H, Shimizu T. Influence of i.v. lipid emulsion on lipoprotein subclass in preterm infants. Pediatr Int 2018; 60:839-843. [PMID: 29931721 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid emulsions given i.v. are normally rapidly metabolized by apoprotein recruited from high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in the blood. Very low-birthweight infants (VLBWI), however, have a low rate of lipid clearance from the blood, and therefore lipid emulsions must be given carefully to minimize the risk of hyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of i.v. lipid emulsion on lipoprotein subclass profile in VLBWI during the early postnatal period. METHODS Forty-six VLBWI who had been given different doses of lipid emulsion in the first few days after birth were enrolled in the present study. Triglyceride and cholesterol content of each lipoprotein subclass was measured at 3 weeks after birth, and their correlation with the total dose of lipid emulsion was calculated. RESULTS There was no correlation between the total dose of lipid emulsion and the triglyceride and cholesterol content in any subclasses of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). There was a significant negative correlation between the total dose of lipid emulsion and the triglyceride content in very large (P < 0.05, r = -0.32), large (P < 0.01, r = -0.47) and medium HDL (P < 0.05, r = -0.34) particles; and the cholesterol content in large (P < 0.01, r = -0.47) and medium HDL (P < 0.01, r = -0.4) particles. CONCLUSION Lipid emulsion influenced the triglyceride and cholesterol content of HDL particles in VLBWI, suggesting that lipid emulsion can affect lipid metabolism in this infant population in the early postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Suganuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naho Ikeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Ohkawa
- Neonatal Care Center, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Shoji
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Cartolano FDC, Pappiani C, Freitas MCPD, Figueiredo Neto AM, Carioca AAF, Damasceno NRT. Is Lipid Accumulation Product Associated with an Atherogenic Lipoprotein Profile in Brazilian Subjects? Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 110:339-347. [PMID: 29791572 PMCID: PMC5941956 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid accumulation product (LAP), a simple and low-cost tool, is a novel
biomarker of central lipid accumulation and represents a potential surrogate
marker for atherogenic lipoprotein profile. However, its association with
lipoprotein subfractions has not been described in the literature. Objective To determine whether LAP index could be used as a marker of low- and
high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) size in Brazilian individuals. Methods This cross-sectional study included patients (n = 351) of both sexes and age
between 30-74 years. Clinical and sociodemographic data and family history
of diseases were evaluated. Lipoprotein size, and levels of total
cholesterol (TC), lipoproteins, apolipoprotein AI and B (APO AI/APO B),
glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and non-esterified
fatty acids (NEFA) were assessed in blood samples. LAP was calculated by the
formulas [(waist circumference[cm]-58)
× (triglycerides[mmol/L]) for women and
(waist circumference [cm]-65) ×
(triglycerides [mmol/L]) for men]. The
association between LAP and metabolic parameters were tested by linear trend
(general linear model, GLM test) before and after multiple adjustments for
potential confounders (sex, age, smoking, statin, fibrate, and hypoglycemic
drugs) at significant level p < 0.05. Results LAP was positively associated with TC, APO B, NEFA, glucose, insulin and
HOMA-IR values, and negatively associated with HDL-C. Higher central lipid
accumulation was corelated with higher percentage of intermediate HDL and of
small LDL and HDL and less amount of large HDL. LDL size was also reduced in
greater LAP index values. The negative impact of LAP was maintained after
adjustment for multiple variables. Conclusion LAP was robustly associated with atherogenic profile of lipoprotein
subfractions, independently of multiple confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Pappiani
- Faculdade de Saúde Publica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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39
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Goedecke JH, Mendham AE, Clamp L, Nono Nankam PA, Fortuin-de Smidt MC, Phiri L, Micklesfield LK, Keswell D, Woudberg NJ, Lecour S, Alhamud A, Kaba M, Lutomia FM, van Jaarsveld PJ, de Villiers A, Kahn SE, Chorell E, Hauksson J, Olsson T. An Exercise Intervention to Unravel the Mechanisms Underlying Insulin Resistance in a Cohort of Black South African Women: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial and Baseline Characteristics of Participants. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e75. [PMID: 29669711 PMCID: PMC5932332 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.9098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in black African women is complex and differs from that in their white counterparts. However, earlier studies have been cross-sectional and provide little insight into the causal pathways. Exercise training is consistently used as a model to examine the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and risk for T2D. Objective The objective of the study was to examine the mechanisms underlying the changes in insulin sensitivity and secretion in response to a 12-week exercise intervention in obese black South African (SA) women. Methods A total of 45 obese (body mass index, BMI: 30-40 kg/m2) black SA women were randomized into a control (n=22) or experimental (exercise; n=23) group. The exercise group completed 12 weeks of supervised combined aerobic and resistance training (40-60 min, 4 days/week), while the control group maintained their typical physical activity patterns, and both groups were requested not to change their dietary patterns. Before and following the 12-week intervention period, insulin sensitivity and secretion (frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test) and its primary and secondary determinants were measured. Dietary intake, sleep quality and quantity, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors were measured every 4 weeks. Results The final sample included 20 exercise and 15 control participants. Baseline sociodemographics, cardiorespiratory fitness, anthropometry, cardiometabolic risk factors, physical activity, and diet did not differ between the groups (P>.05). Conclusions The study describes a research protocol for an exercise intervention to understand the mechanisms underlying insulin sensitivity and secretion in obese black SA women and aims to identify causal pathways underlying the high prevalence of insulin resistance and risk for T2D in black SA women, targeting specific areas for therapeutic intervention. Trial Registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR201711002789113; http://www.pactr.org/ATMWeb/ appmanager/atm/atmregistry?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=portals_app_atmregistry_portal_page_13 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6xLEFqKr0)
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amy E Mendham
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Louise Clamp
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pamela A Nono Nankam
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melony C Fortuin-de Smidt
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lindokuhle Phiri
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lisa K Micklesfield
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council / University of the Witwatersrand Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Dheshnie Keswell
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicholas J Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ali Alhamud
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mamadou Kaba
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Faith M Lutomia
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul J van Jaarsveld
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anniza de Villiers
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Jon Hauksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
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40
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Kosmas CE, Martinez I, Sourlas A, Bouza KV, Campos FN, Torres V, Montan PD, Guzman E. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality and its relevance to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Drugs Context 2018; 7:212525. [PMID: 29623098 PMCID: PMC5877920 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several prospective epidemiological studies have shown that there is a clear inverse relationship between serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), even at low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels below 70 mg/dL. However, more recent evidence from genetic studies and clinical research has come to challenge the long-standing notion that higher HDL-C levels are always beneficial, while lower HDL-C levels are always detrimental. Thus, it becomes apparent that HDL functionality plays a much more important role in atheroprotection than circulating HDL-C levels. HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) from macrophages is a key metric of HDL functionality and exhibits a strong inverse association with both carotid intima-media thickness and the likelihood of angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD), independent of the HDL-C level. Thus, extensive research is being conducted to identify new agents with a favorable side effect profile, which would be able to enhance CEC, improve HDL functionality and potentially decrease cardiovascular risk. This review aims to present and discuss the current clinical and scientific evidence pertaining to the significance of HDL functionality over the actual HDL-C concentration in mediating the favorable effects on the cardiovascular system. Thus, we conducted a PubMed search until December 2017 through the English literature using the search terms ‘HDL function/functionality’, ‘HDL properties’, ‘cardiovascular risk’ and ‘cholesterol efflux capacity’. We also included references from the articles identified and publications available in the authors’ libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine E Kosmas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian Martinez
- Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter D Montan
- Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eliscer Guzman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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41
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Woudberg NJ, Pedretti S, Lecour S, Schulz R, Vuilleumier N, James RW, Frias MA. Pharmacological Intervention to Modulate HDL: What Do We Target? Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:989. [PMID: 29403378 PMCID: PMC5786575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholesterol concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) have traditionally served as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. As such, novel therapeutic interventions aiming to raise HDL cholesterol have been tested in the clinical setting. However, most trials led to a significant increase in HDL cholesterol with no improvement in cardiovascular events. The complexity of the HDL particle, which exerts multiple physiological functions and is comprised of a number of subclasses, has raised the question as to whether there should be more focus on HDL subclass and function rather than cholesterol quantity. We review current data regarding HDL subclasses and subclass-specific functionality and highlight how current lipid modifying drugs such as statins, cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors, fibrates and niacin often increase cholesterol concentrations of specific HDL subclasses. In addition this review sets out arguments suggesting that the HDL3 subclass may provide better protective effects than HDL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sarah Pedretti
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard W. James
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Miguel A. Frias
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Specialities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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42
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Kjellmo CA, Karlsson H, Nestvold TK, Ljunggren S, Cederbrant K, Marcusson-Ståhl M, Mathisen M, Lappegård KT, Hovland A. Bariatric surgery improves lipoprotein profile in morbidly obese patients by reducing LDL cholesterol, apoB, and SAA/PON1 ratio, increasing HDL cholesterol, but has no effect on cholesterol efflux capacity. J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12:193-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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43
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Woudberg NJ, Goedecke JH, Lecour S. Protection from Cardiovascular Disease Due to Increased High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in African Black Populations: Myth or Reality? Ethn Dis 2016; 26:553-560. [PMID: 27773983 PMCID: PMC5072485 DOI: 10.18865/ed.26.4.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in sub-Saharan Africa has increased over the last decade. Despite this, African Black populations present with relatively low incidences of coronary heart disease and ischemic heart disease, which may be attributed to their lower total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, compared with White populations. Commensurate with these lower lipid levels, it was believed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations would be higher in Black populations compared with their White counterparts. This is based on data from previous studies of African and African American populations; however, recent studies conducted in Africa found similar or lower HDL-C concentrations in Black compared with White individuals. Current research, therefore, suggests that HDL-C may not be a good indicator of cardiovascular risk and future research should focus on HDL quality (vs quantity), by measuring HDL functionality and subclass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julia H. Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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