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Gonçalves AC, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR, Flores-Félix JD. Antioxidant activity of the main phenolics found in red fruits: An in vitro and in silico study. Food Chem 2024; 452:139459. [PMID: 38705121 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The current study analysed the antioxidant capacity of the main phenolics found in red fruits. In total, there were analysed the antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, nitric oxide and superoxide radicals (DPPH, NO and O2-, respectively) of 23 phenolics. Regarding DPPH, anthocyanins, (-)-epicatechin and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside were the most active, while isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside was the least active. Anthocyanins, (-)-epicatechin, quercetin 3-O-glucoside and caffeic acid showed the strongest potential against NO, while ρ-hydroxybenzoic acid was the less efficient. Regarding the O2- assay, quercetin aglycone and their derivatives were the best ones, while cyanidin aglycone did not show any potential to quench this radical. To deeper explore the biological potential of the most promising compounds, docking molecular and ADME studies were also done. The obtained data is another support regarding the biological potential of phenolics and might be useful in encouraging their use and incorporation in new products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; CIBIT-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís R Silva
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; SPRINT - Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II-Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - José David Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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2
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Lee DN, Yang SB, Kweon S, Lee JH, Lee KJ, Ryu Y, Shin DW, Kim YJ, Lee YK, Park J. Design and development of novel self-assembled catechol-modified bile acid conjugates as pH-responsive apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter targeting nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122539. [PMID: 38552366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Catechol-based biomaterials demonstrate biocompatibility, making them suitable for a wide range of therapeutic applications when integrated into various molecular frameworks. However, the development of orally available catechol-based biomaterials has been hindered by significant pH variations and complex interactions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In this study, we introduce a novel catechol-modified bile acid (CMBA), which is synthesized by anchoring the FDA-approved drug, ursodeoxycholic acid to the neurotransmitter dopamine. This modification could form a new apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) inhibitor (ASBTi) due to the bile acid moiety. The computational analysis using the TRAnsient Pockets in Proteins (TRAPP) module, coupled with MD simulations, revealed that CMBA exhibits a strong binding affinity at residues 51-55 of ASBT with a low inhibitory constant (Ki) value. Notably, in slightly alkaline biological conditions, CMBA molecules self-assemble into carrier-free nanoparticles with an average size of 240.2 ± 44.2 nm, while maintaining their ability to bind with ASBT. When administered orally, CMBA accumulates in the ileum and liver over 24 h, exhibiting significant therapeutic effects on bile acid (BA) metabolism in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mouse model. This study underscores the therapeutic potential of the newly developed catechol-based, pH-responsive ASBT-inhibiting nanoparticles presenting a promising avenue for advancing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Nyeong Lee
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Bin Yang
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Seho Kweon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuck Lee
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ju Lee
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Green Bio Engineering, Graduate School, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jooho Park
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Pronkin PG, Sorokina ON, Tatikolov AS. Spectral-fluorescent study of substituted trimethine cyanine dyes in solutions and in complexes with DNA. Effects of aggregation, moderate heating, and decreasing pH. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124611. [PMID: 38852304 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Trimethine cyanine dyes are widely used as probes for the detection, study and quantification of biomolecules. In particular, cationic trimethine cyanines noncovalently interact with DNA with growing fluorescence. However, their use is often limited by the tendency to self-association - to the formation of aggregates. Disubstituted trimethine cyanines with hydrophobic substituents are especially prone to aggregation. In this work, we studied the interaction of a number of substituted trimethine cyanines with DNA (in aqueous buffer solutions) and showed that their aggregation strongly interfered with their use as fluorescent probes for DNA. To eliminate this drawback, preliminary heating of dye solutions with DNA to 60-70 °C was used, followed by cooling to room temperature. Compared to the experiments without heating, an increase in the dye fluorescence intensity was observed due to the partial thermal decomposition of the aggregates and the interaction of the resulting monomers with DNA. To decompose aggregates, another method was also used - protonation of the dyes with amino substituents in buffer solutions with pH 5.0, which also led to growing the dye fluorescence intensity in the presence of DNA. Complexes of the dyes with DNA were modeled using molecular docking. Effective binding constants of the dyes to DNA and detection limits when using the dyes as probes for DNA (LOD and LOQ) were determined. It is shown that dye 3 with heating in neutral buffer and dye 1 in acidic buffer may be recommended as sensitive probes for DNA. It is concluded that the method of preliminary heating may be applied to dyes prone to aggregation, for improving their properties as biomolecular probes. Another possible means to reduce the interfering effects of dye aggregates is to use easily protonated dyes (with amino substituents) in slightly acidic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel G Pronkin
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Olga N Sorokina
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Tatikolov
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia.
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4
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Lee DH, Kim SB. Quorum Quenching Potential of Reyranella sp. Isolated from Riverside Soil and Description of Reyranella humidisoli sp. nov. J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s12275-024-00131-2. [PMID: 38814538 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Quorum quenching refers to any mechanism that inhibits quorum sensing processes. In this study, quorum quenching activity among bacteria inhabiting riverside soil was screened, and a novel Gram-stain-negative, rod shaped bacterial strain designated MMS21-HV4-11T, which showed the highest level of quorum quenching activity, was isolated and subjected to further analysis. Strain MMS21-HV4-11T could be assigned to the genus Reyranella of Alphaproteobacteria based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, as the strain shared 98.74% sequence similarity with Reyranella aquatilis seoho-37T, and then 97.87% and 97.80% sequence similarity with Reyranella soli KIS14-15T and Reyranella massiliensis 521T, respectively. The decomposed N-acyl homoserine lactone was restored at high concentrations under acidic conditions, implying that lactonase and other enzyme(s) are responsible for quorum quenching. The genome analysis indicated that strain MMS21-HV4-11T had two candidate genes for lactonase and one for acylase, and expected protein structures were confirmed. In the quorum sensing inhibition assay using a plant pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum KACC 14888, development of soft rot was significantly inhibited by strain MMS21-HV4-11T. Besides, the swarming motility by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 was significantly inhibited in the presence of strain MMS21-HV4-11T. Since the isolate did not display direct antibacterial activity against either of these species, the inhibition was certainly due to quorum quenching activity. In an extended study with the type strains of all known species of Reyranella, all strains were capable of degrading N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), thus showing quorum quenching potential at the genus level. This is the first study on the quorum quenching potential and enzymes responsible in Reyranella. In addition, MMS21-HV4-11T could be recognized as a new species through taxonomic characterization, for which the name Reyranella humidisoli sp. nov. is proposed (type strain = MMS21-HV4-11 T = KCTC 82780 T = LMG 32365T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyeon Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bum Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Hussain S, Iqbal A, Hamid S, Putra PP, Ashraf M. Identifying alkaline phosphatase inhibitory potential of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: Insights from molecular docking, MD simulations, molecular expression analysis in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and in vitro investigations. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:132721. [PMID: 38815949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatases (APs, EC 3.1.3.1) belong to a superfamily of biological macromolecules that dephosphorylate many phosphometabolites and phosphoproteins and their overexpression is intricated in the spread of cancer to liver and bones, neuronal disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), inflammation and others. It was hypothesized that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors may possess anti-APs potential and may be involved in anticancer proceedings. Three COX-2 inhibitors including nimesulide, piroxicam and lornoxicam were evaluated for the inhibition of APs using in silico and in vitro methods. Molecular docking studies against tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) offered the best binding affinities for nimesulide (-11.14 kcal/mol) supported with conventional hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. MD simulations against TNAP for 200 ns and principal component analysis (PCA) reiterated the stability of ligand-receptor complexes. Molecular expression analysis of TNAP enzyme in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 exhibited 0.24-fold downregulation with 5 μM nimesulide as compared with 0.26-fold standard 10 μM levamisole. In vitro assays against human placental AP (hPAP) displayed potent inhibitions of these drugs with IC50 values of 0.52 ± 0.02 μM to 3.46 ± 0.13 μM and similar results were obtained for bovine intestinal AP (bIAP). The data when generalized collectively emphasizes that the inhibition of APs by COX-2 inhibitors provides another target to work on the development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safdar Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ambar Iqbal
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Bioinformatics (IBBB), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Sujhla Hamid
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Purnawan Pontana Putra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Andalas, Padang 256163, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
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Gan X, Luo X, Chen J, Fang W, Nie M, Lu H, Liu Y, Wang X. Ilicicolin C suppresses the progression of prostate cancer by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05026-9. [PMID: 38801644 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is a driving factor in the development of prostate cancer. Therefore, inhibiting the function of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is a strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer. Ilicicolin C is an ascochlorin derivative isolated from the coral-derived fungus Acremonium sclerotigenum GXIMD 02501. Which has anti-inflammatory activity, but its activity against prostate cancer has not yet been elucidated. MTT assay, plate clone-formation assay, flow cytometry and real-time cell analysis technology were used to detect the effects of ilicicolin C on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and migration of prostate cancer cells. Molecular docking software and surface plasmon resonance technology were used to analyze the interaction between ilicicolin C and PI3K/AKT proteins. Western blot assay was performed to examine the changes in protein expression. Finally, QikProp software was used to simulate the process of ilicicolin C in vivo, and a zebrafish xenograft model was used to further verify the anti-prostate cancer activity of ilicicolin C in vivo. Ilicicolin C showed cytotoxic effects on prostate cancer cells, with the most significant effect on PC-3 cells. Ilicicolin C inhibited proliferation and migration of PC-3 cells. It could also block the cell cycle and induce apoptosis in PC-3 cells. In addition, ilicicolin C could bind to PI3K/AKT proteins. Furthermore, ilicicolin C inhibited the expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR proteins and could also regulate the expression of downstream proteins in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, the calculations speculated that ilicicolin C was well absorbed orally, and the zebrafish xenograft model confirmed the in vivo anti-prostate cancer effect of ilicicolin C. Ilicicolin C emerges as a promising marine compound capable of inducing apoptosis of prostate cancer cells by counteracting the aberrant activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, suggesting that ilicicolin C may be a viable candidate for anti-prostate cancer drug development. These findings highlight the potential of ilicicolin C against prostate cancer and shed light on its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Gan
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Xiaowei Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Jingqin Chen
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Wenxuan Fang
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Mingyi Nie
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Humu Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Xueni Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Center of Engineering and Technology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
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7
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Hussain A, Khan AA, Aslam MQ, Nazar A, Zaman N, Amin A, Mahmood MA, Mukhtar MS, Rahman HUU, Farooq M, Saeed M, Amin I, Mansoor S. Comparative analysis, diversification, and functional validation of plant nucleotide-binding site domain genes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11930. [PMID: 38789717 PMCID: PMC11126693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding site (NBS) domain genes are one of the superfamily of resistance genes involved in plant responses to pathogens. The current study identified 12,820 NBS-domain-containing genes across 34 species covering from mosses to monocots and dicots. These identified genes are classified into 168 classes with several novel domain architecture patterns encompassing significant diversity among plant species. Several classical (NBS, NBS-LRR, TIR-NBS, TIR-NBS-LRR, etc.) and species-specific structural patterns (TIR-NBS-TIR-Cupin_1-Cupin_1, TIR-NBS-Prenyltransf, Sugar_tr-NBS etc.) were discovered. We observed 603 orthogroups (OGs) with some core (most common orthogroups; OG0, OG1, OG2, etc.) and unique (highly specific to species; OG80, OG82, etc.) OGs with tandem duplications. The expression profiling presented the putative upregulation of OG2, OG6, and OG15 in different tissues under various biotic and abiotic stresses in susceptible and tolerant plants to cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD). The genetic variation between susceptible (Coker 312) and tolerant (Mac7) Gossypium hirsutum accessions identified several unique variants in NBS genes of Mac7 (6583 variants) and Coker312 (5173 variants). The protein-ligand and proteins-protein interaction showed a strong interaction of some putative NBS proteins with ADP/ATP and different core proteins of the cotton leaf curl disease virus. The silencing of GaNBS (OG2) in resistant cotton through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) demonstrated its putative role in virus tittering. The presented study will be further helpful in understanding the plant adaptation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athar Hussain
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences (SFAS), University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Aqsa Anwer Khan
- Department of Life Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim Aslam
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aquib Nazar
- Department of Life Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nadir Zaman
- Department of Life Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Amin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Superior University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan Mahmood
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - M Shahid Mukhtar
- Biosystems Research Complex, Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Hafiz Ubaid Ur Rahman
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences (SFAS), University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammed Farooq
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammed Saeed
- Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau Abteilung Phytopathologie, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 22, 67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Imran Amin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, College of Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
- Jamil ur Rehman Center for Genome Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 74000, Pakistan.
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8
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Aguado ME, Carvalho S, Valdés-Tresanco ME, Lin D, Padilla-Mejia N, Corpas-Lopez V, Tesařová M, Lukeš J, Gray D, González-Bacerio J, Wyllie S, Field MC. Identification and Validation of Compounds Targeting Leishmania major Leucyl-Aminopeptidase M17. ACS Infect Dis 2024. [PMID: 38753953 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease; there is currently no vaccine and treatment is reliant upon a handful of drugs suffering from multiple issues including toxicity and resistance. There is a critical need for development of new fit-for-purpose therapeutics, with reduced toxicity and targeting new mechanisms to overcome resistance. One enzyme meriting investigation as a potential drug target in Leishmania is M17 leucyl-aminopeptidase (LAP). Here, we aimed to chemically validate LAP as a drug target in L. major through identification of potent and selective inhibitors. Using RapidFire mass spectrometry, the compounds DDD00057570 and DDD00097924 were identified as selective inhibitors of recombinant Leishmania major LAP activity. Both compounds inhibited in vitro growth of L. major and L. donovani intracellular amastigotes, and overexpression of LmLAP in L. major led to reduced susceptibility to DDD00057570 and DDD00097924, suggesting that these compounds specifically target LmLAP. Thermal proteome profiling revealed that these inhibitors thermally stabilized two M17 LAPs, indicating that these compounds selectively bind to enzymes of this class. Additionally, the selectivity of the inhibitors to act on LmLAP and not against the human ortholog was demonstrated, despite the high sequence similarities LAPs of this family share. Collectively, these data confirm LmLAP as a promising therapeutic target for Leishmania spp. that can be selectively inhibited by drug-like small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirtha E Aguado
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 10400 Havana, Cuba
| | - Sandra Carvalho
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infective Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN Scotland, U.K
| | | | - De Lin
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infective Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN Scotland, U.K
| | - Norma Padilla-Mejia
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infective Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN Scotland, U.K
| | - Victoriano Corpas-Lopez
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infective Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN Scotland, U.K
| | - Martina Tesařová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Gray
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infective Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN Scotland, U.K
| | - Jorge González-Bacerio
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 10400 Havana, Cuba
| | - Susan Wyllie
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infective Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN Scotland, U.K
| | - Mark C Field
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infective Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN Scotland, U.K
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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9
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Manakkadan V, Haribabu J, Palakkeezhillam VNV, Rasin P, Vediyappan R, Kumar VS, Garg M, Bhuvanesh N, Sreekanth A. Copper-mediated cyclization of thiosemicarbazones leading to 1,3,4-thiadiazoles: Structural elucidation, DFT calculations, in vitro biological evaluation and in silico evaluation studies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124117. [PMID: 38461559 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer's global impact necessitates innovative and less toxic treatments. Thiosemicarbazones (TSCs), adaptable metal chelators, offer such potential. In this study, we have synthesized N (4)-substituted heterocyclic TSCs from syringaldehyde (TSL1, TSL2), and also report the unexpected copper-mediated cyclization of the TSCs to form thiadiazoles (TSL3, TSL4), expanding research avenues. This work includes extensive characterization and studies such as DNA/protein binding, molecular docking, and theoretical analyses to demonstrate the potential of the as-prepared TSCs and thiadiazoles against different cancer cells. The DFT results depict that the thiadiazoles exhibit greater structural stability and reduced reactivity compared to the corresponding TSCs. The docking results suggest superior EGFR inhibition for TSL3 with a binding constant value of - 6.99 Kcal/mol. According to molecular dynamics studies, the TSL3-EGFR complex exhibits a lower average RMSD (1.39 nm) as compared to the TSL1-EGFR complex (3.29 nm) suggesting that both the thiadiazole and thiosemicarbazone examined here can be good inhibitors of EGFR protein, also that TSL3 can inhibit EGFR better than TSL1. ADME analysis indicates drug-likeness and oral availability of the thiadiazole-based drugs. The DNA binding experiment through absorption and emission spectroscopy discovered that TSL3 is more active towards DNA which is quantitatively calculated with a Kb value of 4.74 × 106 M-1, Kq value of 4.04 × 104 M-1and Kapp value of 5 × 106 M-1. Furthermore, the BSA binding studies carried out with fluorescence spectroscopy showed that TSL3 shows better binding capacity (1.64 × 105 M-1) with BSA protein. All the compounds show significant cytotoxicity against A459-lung, MCF-7-breast, and HepG2-liver cancer cell lines; TSL3 exhibits the best cytotoxicity, albeit less effective than cisplatin. Thiadiazoles demonstrate greater cytotoxicity than the TSCs. Overall, the promise of TSCs and thiadiazoles in cancer research is highlighted by this study. Furthermore, it unveils unexpected copper-mediated cyclization of the TSCs to thiadiazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Manakkadan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology-Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620015, India
| | - Jebiti Haribabu
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Los Carreras 1579, Copiapo 1532502, Chile; Chennai Institute of Technology (CIT), Chennai 600069, India
| | | | - Puthiyavalappil Rasin
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology-Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620015, India
| | - Ramesh Vediyappan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaishnu Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology-Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620015, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani-333031 Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohit Garg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani-333031 Rajasthan, India
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Anandaram Sreekanth
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology-Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620015, India.
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Pele R, Marc G, Mogoșan C, Apan A, Ionuț I, Tiperciuc B, Moldovan C, Araniciu C, Oniga I, Pîrnău A, Vlase L, Oniga O. Synthesis, In Vivo Anticonvulsant Activity Evaluation and In Silico Studies of Some Quinazolin-4(3H)-One Derivatives. Molecules 2024; 29:1951. [PMID: 38731442 PMCID: PMC11085150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Two series, "a" and "b", each consisting of nine chemical compounds, with 2,3-disubstituted quinazolin-4(3H)-one scaffold, were synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity. They were investigated as dual potential positive allosteric modulators of the GABAA receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site and inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase II. Quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives were evaluated in vivo (D1-3 = 50, 100, 150 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally) using the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure model in mice, with phenobarbital and diazepam, as reference anticonvulsant agents. The in silico studies suggested the compounds act as anticonvulsants by binding on the allosteric site of GABAA receptor and not by inhibiting the carbonic anhydrase II, because the ligands-carbonic anhydrase II predicted complexes were unstable in the molecular dynamics simulations. The mechanism targeting GABAA receptor was confirmed through the in vivo flumazenil antagonism assay. The pentylenetetrazole experimental anticonvulsant model indicated that the tested compounds, 1a-9a and 1b-9b, present a potential anticonvulsant activity. The evaluation, considering the percentage of protection against PTZ, latency until the onset of the first seizure, and reduction in the number of seizures, revealed more favorable results for the "b" series, particularly for compound 8b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Pele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (G.M.); (I.I.); (B.T.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Gabriel Marc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (G.M.); (I.I.); (B.T.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Cristina Mogoșan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6A Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Anamaria Apan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6A Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Ionuț
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (G.M.); (I.I.); (B.T.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Brîndușa Tiperciuc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (G.M.); (I.I.); (B.T.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Cristina Moldovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (G.M.); (I.I.); (B.T.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Cătălin Araniciu
- Department of Therapeutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 Ion Creangă, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ilioara Oniga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 Ion Creangă, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adrian Pîrnău
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Oniga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.P.); (G.M.); (I.I.); (B.T.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
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11
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Wei G, Huang N, Li M, Guan F, Chen L, Liao Y, Xie X, Li Y, Su Z, Chen J, Liu Y. Tetrahydroberberine alleviates high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice via augmenting lipoprotein assembly-induced clearance of low-density lipoprotein and intermediate-density lipoprotein. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 968:176433. [PMID: 38369273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The promotion of excess low-density lipoprotein (LDL) clearance stands as an effective clinical approach for treating hyperlipidemia. Tetrahydroberberine, a metabolite of berberine, exhibits superior bioavailability compared to berberine and demonstrates a pronounced hypolipidemic effect. Despite these characteristics, the impact of tetrahydroberberine on improving excessive LDL clearance in hyperlipidemia has remained unexplored. Thus, this study investigates the potential effects of tetrahydroberberine on high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice. The findings reveal that tetrahydroberberine exerts a more potent lipid-lowering effect than berberine, particularly concerning LDL-cholesterol in hyperlipidemic mice. Notably, tetrahydroberberine significantly reduces serum levels of upstream lipoproteins, including intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and very low-density lipoprotein, by promoting their conversion to LDL. This reduction is further facilitated by the upregulation of hepatic LDL receptor expression induced by tetrahydroberberine. Intriguingly, tetrahydroberberine enhances the apolipoprotein E (ApoE)/apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) ratio, influencing lipoprotein assembly in the serum. This effect is achieved through the activation of the efflux of ApoE-containing cholesterol in the liver. The ApoE/ApoB100 ratio exhibits a robust negative correlation with serum levels of LDL and IDL, indicating its potential as a diagnostic indicator for hyperlipidemia. Moreover, tetrahydroberberine enhances hepatic lipid clearance without inducing lipid accumulation in the liver and alleviates existing liver lipid content. Importantly, no apparent hepatorenal toxicity is observed following tetrahydroberberine treatment for hyperlipidemia. In summary, tetrahydroberberine demonstrates a positive impact against hyperlipidemia by modulating lipoprotein assembly-induced clearance of LDL and IDL. The ApoE/ApoB100 ratio emerges as a promising diagnostic indicator for hyperlipidemia, showcasing the potential clinical significance of tetrahydroberberine in lipid management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ning Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fengkun Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yingyi Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xingyu Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yucui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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12
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Kim S, Lee M, Kim NY, Kwon YS, Nam GS, Lee K, Kwon KM, Kim DK, Hwang IH. Oxidative tryptamine dimers from Corynebacterium durum directly target survivin to induce AIF-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116335. [PMID: 38422661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that microbial communities in the human body crucially affect health through the production of chemical messengers. However, the relationship between human microbiota and cancer has been underexplored. As a result of a biochemical investigation of the commensal oral microbe, Corynebacterium durum, we identified the non-enzymatic transformation of tryptamine into an anticancer compound, durumamide A (1). The structure of 1 was determined using LC-MS and NMR data analysis as bis(indolyl)glyoxylamide, which was confirmed using one-pot synthesis and X-ray crystallographic analysis, suggesting that 1 is an oxidative dimer of tryptamine. Compound 1 displayed cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 25 to 35 μM. A drug affinity responsive target stability assay revealed that survivin is the direct target protein responsible for the anticancer effect of 1, which subsequently induces apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-mediated apoptosis. Inspired by the chemical structure and bioactivity of 1, a new derivative, durumamide B (2), was synthesized using another indole-based neurotransmitter, serotonin. The anticancer properties of 2 were similar to those of 1; however, it was less active. These findings reinforce the notion of human microbiota-host interplay by showing that 1 is naturally produced from the human microbial metabolite, tryptamine, which protects the host against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Munseon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Yi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Suk Kwon
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Jeju, Jeju-do 63240, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Suk Nam
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Honam University, 120, Honamdae-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62399, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyounghoon Lee
- Department of Chemical Education and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mu Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Keun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55338, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hyun Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55338, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Liang LX, Lin LZ, Zeeshan M, Zhou Y, Tang YX, Chu C, Zhang YT, Liu RQ, Feng W, Dong GH. Relationship of single and co-exposure of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their alternatives with uric acid: A community-based study in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133500. [PMID: 38266584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have suggested per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are related to uric acid levels, but evidence related to PFAS alternatives is limited. Moreover, the effect of the combined exposure to PFASs and their alternatives on uric acid has not been reported. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional study involving 1312 adults in Guangzhou, China. Generalized linear regression model was adopted to explore the effect of single PFAS exposure on serum uric acid levels. Further, multi-pollutant models such as Bayesian kernel machine regression, weighted quantile sum, and quantile G-computation were employed to investigate the combined association of PFASs and alternatives with serum uric acid levels. We performed molecular docking to understand the potential interaction of PFAS with Organic Anion Transporters (OATs), involved in the secretion of uric acid. Per log serum 6:2 Cl-PFESA and PFOA increases were accompanied with an increase of serum uric acid with statistical significance (for 6:2 Cl-PFESA: beta: 0.19 ng/mL, 95% CI 0.11-0.26 and for PFOA: beta: 0.43 ng/mL, 95% CI 0.34-0.52). The associations were strongest among overweight and elderly. Multi-pollutant models also revealed a positive association. These positive associations may be PFASs can competitively combine with OAT1 and OAT3, leading to the increase of serum uric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li-Zi Lin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mohammed Zeeshan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Tang
- Occupational Health Surveillance Center, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yun-Ting Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ru-Qing Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenru Feng
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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14
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González-Durruthy M, Rial R, Ruso JM. Decoding the conformational binding of drug mixtures on ovalbumin: An integrated multimodal network. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129866. [PMID: 38302030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This research addresses the crucial necessity for a deeper understanding of the binding interactions between surfactants and proteins, with a specific focus on ovalbumin. Considering ovalbumin's role in diverse biochemical processes, it remains a subject of significant interest for drug discovery and design. To fill existing knowledge gaps, we investigated the binding interaction between dicloxacillin and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on ovalbumin, employing a comprehensive approach that combines computational modeling with experimental validations. Using the ezPocket tool, the computational phase predicted ten relevant binding sites on ovalbumin's surface. The isobologram combination index (CI) heatmap strongly suggested a complex interplay of antagonistic and synergistic effects. Besides, a conformational drug-drug interaction network was proposed to explore the stability of the surfactant mixture within specific binding sites of ovalbumin, revealing a dynamic landscape of suggested antagonist effects. Experimental validations through UV-vis, Fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy further corroborated the computational findings, confirming the formation of stable complexes. Finally, this study not only advances our comprehension of ovalbumin's interactions with surfactants but also offers a multidimensional perspective and an advanced methodological framework for efficient therapeutic strategies, opening new avenues for future applications in drug development and applied biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael González-Durruthy
- Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; NanoSafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal.
| | - Ramón Rial
- Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan M Ruso
- Soft Matter and Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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15
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Ahmad Ansari I, Debnath B, Kar S, Patel HM, Debnath S, Zaki MEA, Pal P. Identification of potential edible spices as EGFR and EGFR mutant T790M/L858R inhibitors by structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2464-2481. [PMID: 37349948 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2223661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinases are overexpressed in several human cancers and could serve as a promising anti-cancer drug target. With this in view, the main aim of the present study was to identify spices having the potential to inhibit EGFR tyrosine kinase. The structure-based virtual screening of spice database consisting of 1439 compounds with EGFR tyrosine kinase (PDB ID: 3W32) was carried out using Glide. Top scored 18 hits (XP Glide Score ≥ -10.0 kcal/mol) was further docked with three EGFR tyrosine kinases and three EGFR T790M/L858R mutants using AutodockVina, followed by ADME filtration. The best three hits were further refined by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation and MM-GBSA-based binding energy calculation. The overall docking results of the selected hits with both EGFR and EGFR T790M/L858R were quite satisfactory and showed strong binding compared to the three coligands. Detailed MD analysis of CL_07, AC_11 and AS_49 also showed the stability of the protein-ligand complexes. Moreover, the hits were drug-like, and MM-GBSA binding free energy of CL_07 and AS_49 was established to be far better. AC_11 was found to be similar to the known inhibitor Gefitinib. Most of the potential hits are available in Allium cepa, CL_07 and AS_49 available in Curcuma longa and Allium sativum, respectively. Therefore, these three spices could be used as a potential therapeutic candidate against cancer caused by overexpression of EGFR after validation of the observations of this study in in-vitro experiments. Further extensive work is needed to improve the scaffolds CL_07, AC_11, AC_17, and AS_49 as potential anti-cancer drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqrar Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra Nikam College of Pharmacy, Gondur, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
- Division of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur (Dhule), Maharashtra, India
| | - Bimal Debnath
- Department of Forestry and Biodiversity, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India
| | - Saikat Kar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Agartala Govt. Medical College, Tripura, India
| | - Harun M Patel
- Division of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur (Dhule), Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudhan Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas Mahavidyalaya, Udaipur, Tripura, India
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Faculty of Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pinaki Pal
- Department of Physics, RamkrishnaMahavidyalay, Unokoti, Tripura, India
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16
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Georges RN, Ballut L, Octobre G, Comte A, Hecquet L, Charmantray F, Doumèche B. Structural determination and kinetic analysis of the transketolase from Vibrio vulnificus reveal unexpected cooperative behavior. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4884. [PMID: 38145310 PMCID: PMC10868444 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus (vv) is a multidrug-resistant human bacterial pathogen whose prevalence is expected to increase over the years. Transketolases (TK), transferases catalyzing two reactions of the nonoxidative branch of the pentose-phosphate pathway and therefore linked to several crucial metabolic pathways, are potential targets for new drugs against this pathogen. Here, the vvTK is crystallized and its structure is solved at 2.1 Å. A crown of 6 histidyl residues is observed in the active site and expected to participate in the thiamine pyrophosphate (cofactor) activation. Docking of fructose-6-phosphate and ferricyanide used in the activity assay, suggests that both substrates can bind vvTK simultaneously. This is confirmed by steady-state kinetics showing a sequential mechanism, on the contrary to the natural transferase reaction which follows a substituted mechanism. Inhibition by the I38-49 inhibitor (2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine) reveals for the first time a cooperative behavior of a TK and docking experiments suggest a previously undescribed binding site at the interface between the pyrophosphate and pyridinium domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lionel Ballut
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, UMR 5086, CNRS-Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Arnaud Comte
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurence Hecquet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Franck Charmantray
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bastien Doumèche
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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17
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Haataja T, Hansson H, Moriya S, Sandgren M, Ståhlberg J. The crystal structure of RsSymEG1 reveals a unique form of smaller GH7 endoglucanases alongside GH7 cellobiohydrolases in protist symbionts of termites. FEBS J 2024; 291:1168-1185. [PMID: 38073120 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7) cellulases are key enzymes responsible for carbon cycling on earth through their role in cellulose degradation and constitute highly important industrial enzymes as well. Although these enzymes are found in a wide variety of evolutionarily distant organisms across eukaryotes, they exhibit remarkably conserved features within two groups: exo-acting cellobiohydrolases and endoglucanases. However, recently reports have emerged of a separate clade of GH7 endoglucanases from protist symbionts of termites that are 60-80 amino acids shorter. In this work, we describe the first crystal structure of a short GH7 endoglucanase, RsSymEG1, from a symbiont of the lower termite Reticulitermes speratus. A more open flat surface and shorter loops around the non-reducing end of the cellulose-binding cleft indicate enhanced access to cellulose chains on the surface of cellulose microfibrils. Additionally, when comparing activities on polysaccharides to a typical fungal GH7 endoglucanase (Trichoderma longibrachiatum Cel7B), RsSymEG1 showed significantly faster initial hydrolytic activity. We also examine the prevalence and diversity of GH7 enzymes that the symbionts provide to the termite host, compare overall structures and substrate binding between cellobiohydrolase and long and short endoglucanase, and highlight the presence of similar short GH7s in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Topi Haataja
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hansson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jerry Ståhlberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Malta CP, Barcelos RCS, Fernandes PS, Martins MO, Sagrillo MR, Bier CAS, Morgental RD. In silico toxicity and immunological interactions of components of calcium silicate-based and epoxy resin-based endodontic sealers. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:148. [PMID: 38353803 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to determine in silico toxicity predictions of test compounds from hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers (HCSBS) and AH Plus and computationally simulate the interaction between these substances and mediators of periapical inflammation via molecular docking. MATERIALS AND METHODS All chemical information of the test compounds was obtained from the PubChem site. Predictions for bioavailability and toxicity analyses were determined by the Molinspiration Cheminformatics, pkCSM, ProTox-II and OSIRIS Property Explorer platforms. Molecular docking was performed using the Autodock4 AMDock v.1.5.2 program to analyse interactions between proteins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α) and ligands (calcium silicate hydrate, zirconium oxide, bisphenol-A epoxy resin, dibenzylamine, iron oxide and calcium tungstate) to establish the affinity and bonding mode between systems. RESULTS Bisphenol-A epoxy resin had the lowest maximum dose tolerated in humans and was the test compound with the largest number of toxicological properties (hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity and irritant). All systems had favourable molecular docking. However, the ligands bisphenol-A epoxy resin and dibenzylamine had the greatest affinity with the cytokines tested. CONCLUSION In silico predictions and molecular docking pointed the higher toxicity and greater interaction with mediators of periapical inflammation of the main test compounds from AH Plus compared to those from HCSBS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first in silico study involving endodontic materials and may serve as the basis for further research that can generate more data, producing knowledge on the interference of each chemical compound in the composition of different root canal sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pereira Malta
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Bairro Camobi, Prédio 26F (Odontologia), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Cristine Silva Barcelos
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Bairro Camobi, Prédio 26F (Odontologia), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Pâmella Schramm Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Rua dos Andradas 1614, Bairro Centro, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
| | - Mirkos Ortiz Martins
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Rua dos Andradas 1614, Bairro Centro, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
| | - Michele Rorato Sagrillo
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Rua dos Andradas 1614, Bairro Centro, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Souza Bier
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Bairro Camobi, Prédio 26F (Odontologia), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Dornelles Morgental
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Bairro Camobi, Prédio 26F (Odontologia), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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19
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Evans SE, Franks AE, Bergman ME, Sethna NS, Currie MA, Phillips MA. Plastid ancestors lacked a complete Entner-Doudoroff pathway, limiting plants to glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1102. [PMID: 38321044 PMCID: PMC10847513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway provides an alternative to glycolysis. It converts 6-phosphogluconate (6-PG) to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and pyruvate in two steps consisting of a dehydratase (EDD) and an aldolase (EDA). Here, we investigate its distribution and significance in higher plants and determine the ED pathway is restricted to prokaryotes due to the absence of EDD genes in eukaryotes. EDDs share a common origin with dihydroxy-acid dehydratases (DHADs) of the branched chain amino acid pathway (BCAA). Each dehydratase features strict substrate specificity. E. coli EDD dehydrates 6-PG to 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate, while DHAD only dehydrates substrates from the BCAA pathway. Structural modeling identifies two divergent domains which account for their non-overlapping substrate affinities. Coupled enzyme assays confirm only EDD participates in the ED pathway. Plastid ancestors lacked EDD but transferred metabolically promiscuous EDA, which explains the absence of the ED pathway from the Viridiplantae and sporadic persistence of EDA genes across the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia E Evans
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Anya E Franks
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Matthew E Bergman
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Nasha S Sethna
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Mark A Currie
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto-Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Michael A Phillips
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada.
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto-Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
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20
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Patel W, Shankar RG, Smith MA, Snodgrass HR, Pirmohamed M, Jorgensen AL, Alfirevic A, Dickens D. Role of Transporters and Enzymes in Metabolism and Distribution of 4-Chlorokynurenine (AV-101). Mol Pharm 2024; 21:550-563. [PMID: 38261609 PMCID: PMC10848289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
4-Chlorokynurenine (4-Cl-KYN, AV-101) is a prodrug of a NMDA receptor antagonist and is in clinical development for potential CNS indications. We sought to further understand the distribution and metabolism of 4-Cl-KYN, as this information might provide a strategy to enhance the clinical development of this drug. We used excretion studies in rats, in vitro transporter assays, and pharmacogenetic analysis of clinical trial data to determine how 4-Cl-KYN and metabolites are distributed. Our data indicated that a novel acetylated metabolite (N-acetyl-4-Cl-KYN) did not affect the uptake of 4-Cl-KYN across the blood-brain barrier via LAT1. 4-Cl-KYN and its metabolites were found to be renally excreted in rodents. In addition, we found that N-acetyl-4-Cl-KYN inhibited renal and hepatic transporters involved in excretion. Thus, this metabolite has the potential to limit the excretion of a range of compounds. Our pharmacogenetic analysis found that a SNP in N-acetyltransferase 8 (NAT8, rs13538) was linked to levels of N-acetyl-4-Cl-KYN relative to 4-Cl-KYN found in the plasma and that a SNP in SLC7A5 (rs28582913) was associated with the plasma levels of the active metabolite, 7-Cl-KYNA. Thus, we have a pharmacogenetics-based association for plasma drug level that could aid in the drug development of 4-Cl-KYN and have investigated the interaction of a novel metabolite with drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseema Patel
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United
Kingdom
| | - Ravi G. Shankar
- Institute
of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Smith
- Vistagen
Therapeutics, Inc., 343 Allerton Ave, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Medical
College of Georgia, 1120
15th St, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - H. Ralph Snodgrass
- Formerly
at Vistagen Therapeutics, Inc., 343 Allerton Ave, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United
Kingdom
| | - Andrea L. Jorgensen
- Institute
of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Alfirevic
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United
Kingdom
| | - David Dickens
- Department
of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United
Kingdom
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21
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Abdullah S, Iqbal A, Ashok AK, Kaouche FC, Aslam M, Hussain S, Rahman J, Hayat MM, Ashraf M. Anti-enzymatic and DNA docking studies of montelukast: A multifaceted molecular scaffold with in vitro investigations, molecular expression analysis and molecular dynamics simulations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24470. [PMID: 38298631 PMCID: PMC10828691 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Montelukast, an approved leukotriene receptor 1 (Cys-LT 1) antagonist with anti-inflammatory properties is used for the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis. In the present studies, montelukast was subjected to in vitro inhibitory assays followed by kinetic and in silico investigations. Montelukast demonstrated inhibitory activity against yeast α-glucosidase (IC50 44.31 ± 1.21 μM), jack bean urease (JB urease, IC50 8.72 ± 0.23 μM), human placental alkaline phosphatase (hPAP, IC50 17.53 ± 0.19 μM), bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (bIAP, IC50 15.18 ± 0.23 μM) and soybean 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX, IC50 2.41 ± 0.13 μM). Kinetic studies against α-glucosidase and urease enzymes revealed its competitive mode of inhibition. Molecular expression analysis of montelukast in breast cancer cell line MCF-7 down-regulated AP by a factor of 0.27 (5 μM) compared with the 0.26 value for standard inhibitor levamisole (10 μM). Molecular docking estimated a binding affinity ranging -8.82 to -15.65 kcal/mol for the enzymes. Docking against the DNA dodecamer (ID: 1BNA) observed -9.13 kcal/mol via minor groove binding. MD simulations suggested stable binding between montelukast and the target proteins predicting strong inhibitory potential of the ligand. Montelukast features a chloroquinoline, phenyl ring, a cyclopropane group, a carboxylic group and a sulfur atom all of which collectively enhance its inhibitory potential against the said enzymes. These in vitro and computational investigations demonstrate that it is possible and suggested that the interactions of montelukast with more than one targets presented herein may be linked with the side effects presented by this drug and necessitate additional work. The results altogether suggest montelukast as an important structural scaffold possessing multitargeted features and warrant further investigations in repurposing beyond its traditional pharmacological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawana Abdullah
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ambar Iqbal
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Avinash Karkada Ashok
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, 572103, India
| | - Farah Chafika Kaouche
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Mater, Ibn Khaldoun University, BP 78 Zaaoura, 14000, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Misbah Aslam
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Jameel Rahman
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
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22
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Hu S, Xu L, Xie C, Hong J. Structural Insights into the Catalytic Activity of Cyclobacterium marinum N-Acetylglucosamine Deacetylase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:783-793. [PMID: 38141024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetylglucosamine deacetylase from Cyclobacterium marinum (CmCBDA) is a highly effective and selective biocatalyst for the production of d-glucosamine (GlcN) from N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). However, the underlying catalytic mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that CmCBDA is a metalloenzyme with a preference for Ni2+ over Mn2+. Crystal structures of CmCBDA in complex with Ni2+ and Mn2+ revealed slight remodeling of the CmCBDA active site by the metal ions. We also demonstrate that CmCBDA exists as a mixture of homodimers and monomers in solution, and dimerization is indispensable for catalytic activity. A mutagenesis analysis also indicated that the active site residues Asp22, His72, and His143 as well as the residues involved in dimerization, Pro52, Trp53, and Tyr55, are essential for catalytic activity. Furthermore, a mutation on the protein surface, Lys219Glu, resulted in a 2.3-fold improvement in the deacetylation activity toward GlcNAc. Mechanistic insights obtained here may facilitate the development of CmCBDA variants with higher activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Hu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Health, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Changlin Xie
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jiong Hong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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23
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Zakaria NH, Mohamed Tap F, Aljohani GF, Abdul Majid FA. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations revealed the potential inhibitory activity of honey-iQfood ingredients against GSK-3β and CDK5 protein targets for brain health. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38165434 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2298726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Honey-iQfood is an herbal supplement made of a mixture of polyherbal extracts and wild honey. The mixture is traditionally claimed to improve various conditions related to brain cells and functions including dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) have been identified as being involved in the pathological hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, which leads to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and causes Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, this study was conducted to confirm the traditional claims by detection of active compounds, namely curcumin, gallic acid, catechin, rosmarinic acid, and andrographolide in the raw materials of Honey-iQfood through HPLC analysis, molecular docking, and dynamic simulations. Two potential compounds, andrographolide, and rosmarinic acid, produced the best binding affinities following the molecular docking of the active compounds against the GSK-3β and CDK5 targets. Andrographolide binds with GSK-3β at -8.2 kcal/mol, whereas rosmarinic acid binds to CDK5 targets at -8.6 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics was further carried out to confirm the docking results and clarify their dynamic properties such as RMSD, RMSF, rGyr, SASA, PSA, and binding free energy. CDK5-andrographolide complexes had the best MM-GBSA score (-83.63 kcal/mol) compared to other complexes, indicating the better interaction profile and stability of the complex. These findings warrant further research into andrographolide and rosmarinic acid as efficient inhibitors of tau protein hyperphosphorylation to verify their therapeutic potential in brain-related illnesses.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hafizah Zakaria
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Fatahiya Mohamed Tap
- Universiti Teknologi Mara Terengganu, Bukit Besi Campus, Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ghadah Faraj Aljohani
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadzilah Adibah Abdul Majid
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
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24
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Dotsenko A, Sinelnikov I, Rozhkova A, Zorov I, Sinitsyn A. Flexibility of active center affects thermostability and activity of Penicillium canescens xylanase E. Biochimie 2024; 216:83-89. [PMID: 37820990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Xylanases are used in several industrial applications, such as feed additives, the bleaching of pulp and paper, and the production of bread, food, and drinks. Xylanases are required to remain active after heat treatment at 80-90 °C for 30 s to several minutes due to the conditions of feed pelleting. Also, xylanases need to be active at 60-70 °C for several hours while bleaching of pulp and paper or manufacturing of bread, food, and drinks is performed. Xylanases of the glycoside hydrolase family GH10 are good candidates for application in such processes because of their high thermostability and, in particular, as feed additives because of their insensitivity to protein inhibitors in cereal feeds. In the study, the thermostability of GH10 xylanase E from Penicillium canescens was improved to reach a half-inactivation period of 2 min at 80 °C compared to 21 s for the wild-type enzyme (WT). Enzymatic activity was increased by 22-48 % at 40-70 °C, which improved the action of the enzyme as a feed additive in the gastric system of animals and during bleaching of pulp and paper. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated lower flexibility of the tertiary structure of the engineered enzyme at elevated temperatures compared to WT. The residues W113, Q116, W313, and W321 in the (-1) and (-2) subsites for the substrate binding were less flexible. In the simulations, the engineered enzyme had a comparable content of α-helixes, 310-helixes, β-sheets, and β-bridges as WT, but a lower content of coils and a higher content of β-turns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dotsenko
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - Igor Sinelnikov
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - Aleksandra Rozhkova
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - Ivan Zorov
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia; Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Arkady Sinitsyn
- Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology», Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia; Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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25
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Mersal KI, Abdel-Maksoud MS, Ali EMH, Ammar UM, Zaraei SO, Haque MM, Das T, Hassan NF, Kim EE, Lee JS, Park H, Lee KH, El-Gamal MI, Kim HK, Ibrahim TM, Oh CH. Evaluation of novel pyrazol-4-yl pyridine derivatives possessing arylsulfonamide tethers as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors in leukemia cells. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115779. [PMID: 37776574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of 36 pyrazol-4-yl pyridine derivatives (8a-i, 9a-i, 10a-i, and 11a-i) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for its antiproliferative activity over NCI-60 cancer cell line panel and inhibitory effect against JNK isoforms (JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3). All the synthesized compounds were tested against the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel. Compounds 11b, 11c, 11g, and 11i were selected to determine their GI50s and exerted a superior potency over the reference standard SP600125 against the tested cell lines. 11c showed a GI50 of 1.28 μM against K562 leukemic cells. Vero cells were used to assess 11c cytotoxicity compared to the tested cancer cells. The target compounds were tested against hJNK isoforms in which compound 11e exhibited the highest potency against JNK isoforms with IC50 values of 1.81, 12.7, and 10.5 nM against JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3, respectively. Kinase profiling of 11e showed higher JNK selectivity in 50 kinase panels. Compounds 11c and 11e showed cell population arrest at the G2/M phase, induced early apoptosis, and slightly inhibited beclin-1 production at higher concentrations in K562 leukemia cells relative to SP600125. NanoBRET assay of 11e showed intracellular JNK1 inhibition with an IC50 of 2.81 μM. Also, it inhibited CYP2D6 and 3A4 with different extent and its hERG activity showed little cardiac toxicity with an IC50 of 4.82 μM. hJNK3 was used as a template to generate the hJNK1 crystal structure to explore the binding mode of 11e (PDB ID: 8ENJ) with a resolution of 2.8 °A and showed a typical type I kinase inhibition against hJNK1. Binding energy scores showed that selectivity of 11e towards JNK1 could be attributed to additional hydrophobic interactions relative to JNK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim I Mersal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, 12055, Egypt; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, 34113, Republic of Korea; Center of Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre NRC (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Eslam M H Ali
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, 12055, Egypt; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Usama M Ammar
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, 9 Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, United Kingdom
| | - Seyed-Omar Zaraei
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Md Mamunul Haque
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Tanuza Das
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Noha F Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, 12055, Egypt
| | - Eunice EunKyeong Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - HaJeung Park
- The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, USA
| | - Kwan Hyi Lee
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, 02792, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tamer M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, 34113, Republic of Korea; Center of Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Myburgh MW, van Zyl WH, Modesti M, Viljoen-Bloom M, Favaro L. Enzymatic hydrolysis of single-use bioplastic items by improved recombinant yeast strains. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129908. [PMID: 37866766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Single-use bioplastic items pose new challenges for a circular plastics economy as they require different processing than petroleum-based plastics items. Microbial and enzymatic recycling approaches could address some of the pitfalls created by the influx of bioplastic waste. In this study, the recombinant expression of a cutinase-like-enzyme (CLE1) was improved in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to efficiently hydrolyse several commercial single-use bioplastic items constituting blends of poly(lactic acid), poly(1,4-butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), poly(butylene succinate) and mineral fillers. The hydrolysis process was optimised in controlled bioreactor configurations to deliver substantial monomer concentrations and, ultimately, 29 to 78% weight loss. Product inhibition studies and molecular docking provided insights into potential bottlenecks of the enzymatic hydrolysis process, while FT-IR analysis showed the preferential breakdown of specific polymers in blended commercial bioplastic items. This work constitutes a step towards implementing enzymatic hydrolysis as a circular economy approach for the valorisation of end-of-life single-use bioplastic items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthinus W Myburgh
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Waste to Bioproducts-Lab, Padova University, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Willem H van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Michele Modesti
- DII, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova. Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marinda Viljoen-Bloom
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Lorenzo Favaro
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Waste to Bioproducts-Lab, Padova University, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
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27
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Kurbanova MM, Maharramov AM, Sadigova AZ, Gurbanova FZ, Mali SN, Al-Salahi R, El Bakri Y, Lai CH. Synthesis, Characterization, DFT, and In Silico Investigation of Two Newly Synthesized β-Diketone Derivatives as Potent COX-2 Inhibitors. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1361. [PMID: 38135952 PMCID: PMC10741009 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive genetic and biochemical characterization, the molecular genetic basis underlying the biosynthesis of β-diketones remains largely unexplored. β-Diketones and their complexes find broad applications as biologically active compounds. In this study, in silico molecular docking results revealed that two β-diketone derivatives, namely 2-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)hydrazono)-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione and 5,5-dimethyl-2-(2-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hydrazono)cyclohexane-1,3-dione, exhibit anti-COX-2 activities. However, recent docking results indicated that the relative anti-COX-2 activity of these two studied β-diketones was influenced by the employed docking programs. For improved design of COX-2 inhibitors from β-diketones, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, Hirshfeld surface analysis, energy framework, and ADMET studies. The goal was to understand the interaction mechanisms and evaluate the inhibitory characteristics. The results indicate that 5,5-dimethyl-2-(2-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)hydrazono)cyclohexane-1,3-dione shows greater anti-COX-2 activity compared to 2-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)hydrazono)-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malahat Musrat Kurbanova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Baku State University, Z. Khalilov 23, Baku 1148, Azerbaijan; (A.M.M.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Abel Mammadali Maharramov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Baku State University, Z. Khalilov 23, Baku 1148, Azerbaijan; (A.M.M.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Arzu Zabit Sadigova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Baku State University, Z. Khalilov 23, Baku 1148, Azerbaijan; (A.M.M.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Fidan Zaur Gurbanova
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Bioinformatics, University of Bologna, Via Marsala, 49/A, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Suraj Narayan Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra 835215, India;
| | - Rashad Al-Salahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Youness El Bakri
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Chemistry, South Ural State University, Lenin Prospect 76, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia;
| | - Chin-Hung Lai
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40241, Taiwan
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28
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Tang W, Gui C, Zhang T. Expression, Purification, and Bioinformatic Prediction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv0439c as a Potential NADP +-Retinol Dehydrogenase. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00956-z. [PMID: 37989944 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Although the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv, the causative agent of tuberculosis, has been repeatedly annotated and updated, a range of proteins from this human pathogen have unknown functions. Mtb Rv0439c, a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases superfamily, has yet to be cloned and characterized, and its function remains unclear. In this work, we present for the first time the optimized expression and purification of this enzyme, as well as bioinformatic analysis to unveil its potential coenzyme and substrate. Optimized expression in Escherichia coli yielded soluble Rv0439c, while certain tag fusions resulted in insolubility. Sequence and docking analyses strongly suggested that Rv0439c has a clear preference for NADP+, with Arg53 being a key residue that confers coenzyme specificity. Furthermore, functional prediction using CLEAN and DEEPre servers suggested that this protein is a potential NADP+-retinol dehydrogenase (EC No. 1.1.1.300) in retinol metabolism, and this was supported by a BLASTp search and docking studies. Collectively, our findings provide a solid basis for future functional characterization and structural studies of Rv0439c, which will contribute to enhanced understanding of Mtb biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanggang Tang
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, Anhui, China.
| | - Chuanyue Gui
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, Anhui, China
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29
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Pugachev AD, Kozlenko AS, Makarova NI, Rostovtseva IA, Ozhogin IV, Dmitriev VS, Borodkin GS, Tkachev VV, Utenyshev AN, Sazykina MA, Sazykin IS, Azhogina TN, Karchava SK, Klimova MV, Metelitsa AV, Lukyanov BS. Molecular design and synthesis of methoxy-substitued spiropyrans with photomodulated NIR-fluorescence. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2651-2673. [PMID: 37733213 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the molecular design and synthesis of salt spiropyrans with near-IR fluorescence. The structure of the obtained compounds was confirmed by NMR, IR and mass spectroscopy. In the course of studying the spectral and photoluminescent characteristics, it was possible to reveal the effect of some substituents in various positions on the properties of spiropyran dyes. Due to the structural similarity of one of the isomers to cyanine dyes, the obtained compounds are of interest as potential fluorescent probes for bioimagimg, in particular, for DNA studies. To reveal their ability of binding to DNA molecules molecular docking was carried out. Toxic effects of compounds demonstrating NIR fluorescence were studied on biofilms, as well as using bacterial lux-biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem D Pugachev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Stachki prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, Russian Federation.
| | - Anastasia S Kozlenko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Stachki prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda I Makarova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Stachki prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Irina A Rostovtseva
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Stachki prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya V Ozhogin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Stachki prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaly S Dmitriev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Stachki prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Gennady S Borodkin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Stachki prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Valery V Tkachev
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Ac. Semenov Avenue, 1, Moscow Region, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey N Utenyshev
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Ac. Semenov Avenue, 1, Moscow Region, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - Marina A Sazykina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnologies, Southern Federal University, 344090 Stachki prosp., 194/1, Rostov-On-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan S Sazykin
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnologies, Southern Federal University, 344090 Stachki prosp., 194/1, Rostov-On-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana N Azhogina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnologies, Southern Federal University, 344090 Stachki prosp., 194/1, Rostov-On-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Shorena K Karchava
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnologies, Southern Federal University, 344090 Stachki prosp., 194/1, Rostov-On-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Klimova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnologies, Southern Federal University, 344090 Stachki prosp., 194/1, Rostov-On-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly V Metelitsa
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Stachki prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Boris S Lukyanov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Stachki prosp., 194/2, Rostov-On-Don, Russian Federation
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30
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Khalaf JK, Bess LS, Walsh LM, Ward JM, Johnson CL, Livesay MT, Jackson KJ, Evans JT, Ryter KT, Bazin-Lee HG. Diamino Allose Phosphates: Novel, Potent, and Highly Stable Toll-like Receptor 4 Agonists. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13900-13917. [PMID: 37847244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Most known synthetic toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonists are carbohydrate-based lipid-A mimetics containing several fatty acyl chains, including a labile 3-O-acyl chain linked to the C-3 position of the non-reducing sugar known to undergo cleavage impacting stability and resulting in loss of activity. To overcome this inherent instability, we rationally designed a new class of chemically more stable synthetic TLR4 ligands that elicit robust innate and adaptive immune responses. This new class utilized a diamino allose phosphate (DAP) scaffold containing a nonhydrolyzable 3-amide bond instead of the classical 3-ester. Accordingly, the DAPs have significantly improved thermostability in aqueous formulations and potency relative to other known natural and synthetic TLR4 ligands. Furthermore, the DAP analogues function as potent vaccine adjuvants to enhance influenza-specific antibodies in mice and provide protection against lethal influenza virus challenges. This novel set of TLR4 ligands show promise as next-generation vaccine adjuvants and stand-alone immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhienah K Khalaf
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 E Broadway, Suite 121, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
| | - Laura S Bess
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 E Broadway, Suite 121, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
| | - Lois M Walsh
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 E Broadway, Suite 121, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
| | - Janine M Ward
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 E Broadway, Suite 121, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
| | - Craig L Johnson
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 E Broadway, Suite 121, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
| | - Mark T Livesay
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 E Broadway, Suite 121, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
| | - Konner J Jackson
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 E Broadway, Suite 121, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
| | - Jay T Evans
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 E Broadway, Suite 121, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
| | - Kendal T Ryter
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 E Broadway, Suite 121, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
| | - Hélène G Bazin-Lee
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 E Broadway, Suite 121, Missoula, Montana 59802, United States
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31
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Velasco-Saavedra MA, Mar-Antonio E, Aguayo-Ortiz R. Molecular Insights into the Covalent Binding of Zoxamide to the β-Tubulin of Botrytis cinerea. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:6386-6395. [PMID: 37802126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a fungal plant pathogen that causes significant economic losses in the agricultural industry worldwide. Fungicides that target microtubules, such as carbendazim (CBZ), diethofencarb (DEF), and zoxamide (ZOX), are widely used in crop protection against this pathogen. These groups of compounds exert their fungicidal activity by disrupting the microtubule assembly by binding to the β-tubulin subunit, provoking cell-cycle arrest and cell death. However, with the appearance of isolates resistant to these compounds, it is necessary to search for new alternatives to control this pathogenic fungus. In this work, we gained insight into the binding and stability of these fungicides in the benzimidazole binding site of B. cinerea β-tubulin through different computational approaches. Our molecular dynamics simulation replicas showed that R enantiomers of ZOX and its analog RH-4032 had better interaction profiles at the site compared to S enantiomers. The simulations also revealed that while the R-isomer fungicides formed H-bonds with the main chain carbonyl of V236 or the side chain residue of S314, only CBZ interacted with E198. Previous experimental data have identified key mutations in B. cinerea's β-tubulin gene that lead to the development of resistance or, on the contrary, increased sensitivity for treatment with these fungicide compounds. In agreement with experimental findings, alchemical free energy calculations showed that E198A and E198V mutations in B. cinerea β-tubulin have high sensitivity to (R)-ZOX, whereas the E198K mutation decreased its affinity. Similarly, the results obtained explain the resistance to CBZ of B. cinerea isolates with E198A/V/K mutations and the insensitivity of the wild-type organism to DEF. Our work provides a deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of action of these fungicides, highlighting the importance of understanding the interaction profiles to develop more effective antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Andrés Velasco-Saavedra
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Efrén Mar-Antonio
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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32
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Zhou J, Zhao Y, Yang R, Zhang Z, Jin Y, Wang L, Huang M. Structure-based virtual screening and fragment replacement to design novel inhibitors of Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37811547 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2263890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) pathogen Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) can also cause severe neurological complications and even death. Currently, there is no effective drugs and vaccines for CVA16. Therefore, developing a drug against CVA16 has become critical. In this study, we conducted two strategies-virtual screening (VS) and fragment replacement to obtain better candidates than the known drug GPP3. Through VS, 37 candidate drugs were screened (exhibiting a lower binding energy than GPP3). After toxicity evaluations, we obtained five candidates, analysed their binding modes and found that four candidates could enter the binding pocket of the GPP3. In another strategy, we analysed the four positions in GPP3 structures by the FragRep webserver and obtained a large number of candidates after replacing different functional groups, we obtained eight candidates (that target the four positions above) with the combined binding score and synthetic accessibility evaluations. AMDock software was uniformly utilized to perform molecular docking evaluation of the candidates with binding activity superior to that of GPP3. Finally, the selected top three molecules (Lapatinib, B001 and C001) and its interaction with CAV16 were validated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results indicated that all three molecules retain inside the pocket of CAV16 receptor throughout the simulation process, and he binding energy calculated from the MD simulation trajectories also support the strong affinity of the top three molecules towards the CVA16. These results will provide new ideas and technical guidance for designing and applying CVA16 therapeutics.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Prevention and Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangyang Zhao
- Department of Prevention and Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruizhe Yang
- Department of Prevention and Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Prevention and Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Prevention and Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Prevention and Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Prevention and Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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33
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Jevtovic V, Alhar MSO, Milenković D, Marković Z, Dimitrić Marković J, Dimić D. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Cytotoxicity, and Protein/DNA Binding Properties of Pyridoxylidene-Aminoguanidine-Metal (Fe, Co, Zn, Cu) Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14745. [PMID: 37834192 PMCID: PMC10573062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyridoxylidene-aminoguanidine (PLAG) and its transition metal complexes are biologically active compounds with interesting properties. In this contribution, three new metal-PLAG complexes, Zn(PLAG)(SO4)(H2O)].∙H2O (Zn-PLAG), [Co(PLAG)2]SO4∙2H2O (Co-PLAG), and [Fe(PLAG)2]SO4∙2H2O) (Fe-PLAG), were synthetized and characterized by the X-ray crystallography. The intermolecular interactions governing the stability of crystal structure were compared to those of Cu(PLAG)(NCS)2 (Cu-PLAG) within Hirshfeld surface analysis. The structures were optimized at B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)(H,C,N,O,S)/LanL2DZ (Fe,Co,Zn,Cu), and stability was assessed through Natural Bond Orbital Theory and Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules. Special emphasis was put on investigating the ligand's stability and reactivity. The binding of these compounds to Bovine and Human serum albumin was investigated by spectrofluorometric titration. The importance of complex geometry and various ligands for protein binding was shown. These results were complemented by the molecular docking study to elucidate the most important interactions. The thermodynamic parameters of the binding process were determined. The binding to DNA, as one of the main pathways in the cell death cycle, was analyzed by molecular docking. The cytotoxicity was determined towards HCT116, A375, MCF-7, and A2780 cell lines. The most active compound was Cu-PLAG due to the presence of PLAG and two thiocyanate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Jevtovic
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dejan Milenković
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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34
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S V N, B S C, Mahesha, K N CP, M K H, N K L. In-silico investigation of 4-nitro-N-1H-pyrazol-3-ylbenzamide towards its potential use against SARS-CoV-2: a DFT, molecular docking and molecular dynamics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37771166 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2262597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present research work, we report the synthesis and characterization of novel pyrazole derivative obtained by the condensation reaction of 4-nitro benzaldehyde group with one equivalent of the 2-amino pyrazole yielding 4-nitro-N-1H-pyrazol-3-ylbenzamide with high yield. The two symmetry-independent molecules (molecule A and molecule B) differ about the central C-N bond, with the dihedral angles between the pyrazole ring system and the nitrobenzene ring being 13.90° and 18.64°, respectively. By optimizing the symmetry-independent dimer molecules, the rotational barrier between the conformers is found to be within the 2.5-5.5 kcal/mol range. QTAIM and RDG based NCI isosurface revealed the presence of strong N-H…N and C-H…O hydrogen bonds which stabilize the two independent centrosymmetric inversion-related dimers. Further, weak and short directional interactions such as C-H…N, H…H and C-H…π were also analyzed systematically using various topological parameters. The compound is found to adhere to the Lipinski's rule of five and exhibit good pharmacokinetic properties. The results of molecular docking studies performed against SARS-CoV-2 virus main protease (PDB IDs: 6LU7, 6W9C and 6WQF) revealed that the compound showed better docking scores. Molecular docking studies verified the inhibition activity of the synthesized novel compound. Finally, the binding free energy and contributed energies were calculated using MM-GBSA method. The 6LU7-ligand complex showed highest binding free energy and among all other interactions, the contributions of the covalent binding and van der Waals energy are found to be significant.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjana S V
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
- Department of Studies in Physics, Karnataka State Open University, Mysuru, India
| | - Chethan B S
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| | - Mahesha
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
- Department of Physics, SJCE, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, India
| | - Chethan Prathap K N
- Department of Physics, University College of Science, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, India
| | - Hema M K
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| | - Lokanath N K
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
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35
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Abdullah Z, Chee HY, Yusof R, Mohd Fauzi F. Finding Lead Compounds for Dengue Antivirals from a Collection of Old Drugs through In Silico Target Prediction and Subsequent In Vitro Validation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32483-32497. [PMID: 37720780 PMCID: PMC10500654 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is one of the most widely spread flavivirus infections. Despite the fatality it could cause, no antiviral treatment is currently available to treat the disease. Hence, this study aimed to repurpose old drugs as novel DENV NS3 inhibitors. Ligand-based (L-B) and proteochemometric (PCM) prediction models were built using 62,354 bioactivity data to screen for potential NS3 inhibitors. Selected drugs were then subjected to the foci forming unit reduction assay (FFURA) and protease inhibition assay. Finally, molecular docking was performed to validate these results. The in silico studies revealed that both models performed well in the internal and external validations. However, the L-B model showed better accuracy in the external validation in terms of its sensitivity (0.671). In the in vitro validation, all drugs (zileuton, trimethadione, and linalool) were able to moderately inhibit the viral activities at the highest concentration tested. Zileuton showed comparable results with linalool when tested at 2 mM against the DENV NS3 protease, with a reduction of protease activity at 17.89 and 18.42%, respectively. Two new compounds were also proposed through the combination of the selected drugs, which are ziltri (zilueton + trimethadione) and zilool (zileuton + linalool). The molecular docking study confirms the in vitro observations where all drugs and proposed compounds were able to achieve binding affinity ≥ -4.1 kcal/mol, with ziltri showing the highest affinity at -7.7 kcal/mol, surpassing the control, panduratin A. The occupation of both S1 and S2 subpockets of NS2B-NS3 may be essential and a reason for the lower binding energy shown by the proposed compounds compared to the screened drugs. Based on the results, this study provided five potential new lead compounds (ziltri, zilool, zileuton, linalool, and trimethadione) for DENV that could be modified further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafirah
Liyana Abdullah
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Yee Chee
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rohana Yusof
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fazlin Mohd Fauzi
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, UiTM Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Collaborative
Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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36
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Pronkin PG, Tatikolov AS. Photonics of Some Monomethine Cyanine Dyes in Solutions and in Complexes with Biomolecules. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13954. [PMID: 37762255 PMCID: PMC10531095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In search of new probes for biomolecules, the spectral fluorescent study of four monomethine cyanine dyes (MCD), both unsymmetrical and symmetrical, has been carried out in different organic solvents, in aqueous buffer solutions, and in the presence of DNA and HSA. The complexation of MCD with biomacromolecules leads to a steep growth of the fluorescence intensity. Complexes of MCD with dsDNA and HSA of various types were modeled in silico by molecular docking. Experiments on thermal dissociation of dsDNA in the presence of MCD showed the formation of intercalative complexes of MCD with DNA. Quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of HSA by MCD occurred with rate constants much higher than the diffusion limit, that is, in dye-HSA complexes. Effective constants of MCD complexation with the biomacromolecules were estimated. MCD 1 has the best characteristics as a possible fluorescent probe for dsDNA and can serve as a sensitive and selective probe for dsDNA in the presence of HSA. Photochemical properties of MCD complexed with DNA have been also studied. An increase in the quantum yield of the triplet states of MCD in complexes with DNA has been found, which may be important for using these dyes as potential candidates in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander S. Tatikolov
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia;
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37
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Gehl M, Demmer U, Ermler U, Shima S. Crystal structure of FAD-independent methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase from Mycobacterium hassiacum. Proteins 2023; 91:1329-1340. [PMID: 37119125 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
FAD-independent methylene-tetrahydrofolate (methylene-H4 F) reductase (Mfr), recently identified in mycobacteria, catalyzes the reduction of methylene-H4 F to methyl-H4 F with NADH as hydride donor by a ternary complex mechanism. This biochemical reaction corresponds to that of the ubiquitous FAD-dependent methylene-H4 F reductase (MTHFR), although the latter uses a ping-pong mechanism with the prosthetic group as intermediate hydride carrier. Comparative genomics and genetic analyses indicated that Mfr is indispensable for the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which lacks the MTHFR encoding gene. Therefore, Mfr appears to be an excellent target for the design of antimycobacterial drugs. Here, we report the heterologous production, enzymological characterization, and the crystal structure of Mfr from the thermophilic mycobacterium Mycobacterium hassiacum (hMfr), which shows 78% sequence identity to Mfr from M. tuberculosis. Although hMfr and MTHFR have minor sequence identity and different catalytic mechanisms, their structures are highly similar, thus suggesting a divergent evolution of Mfr and MTHFR from a common ancestor. Most of the important active site residues of MTHFR are conserved and equivalently positioned in the tertiary structure of hMfr. The Glu9Gln variant of hMfr exhibits a drastic reduction of the catalytic activity, which supports the predicted function of the glutamate residue as proton donor in both hMfr and MTHFR. Thus, highly similar binding modes for the C1 -carriers and the reducing agents in hMfr and MTHFR are assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gehl
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Demmer
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ermler
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Seigo Shima
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
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38
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Petrović ĐS, Jovičić Milić SS, Đukić MB, Radojević ID, Jurišević MM, Gajović NM, Petrović A, Arsenijević NN, Jovanović IP, Avdović E, Stojković DL, Jevtić VV. Synthesis, characterization, HSA binding, molecular docking, cytotoxicity study, and antimicrobial activity of new palladium(II) complexes with propylenediamine derivatives of phenylalanine. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112283. [PMID: 37301165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The four new ligands, propylenediamine derivatives of phenylalanine (R2-S,S-pddbaˑ2HCl; L1-L4) and their palladium(II) complexes (C1-C4) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The interactions of new palladium(II) complexes with human serum albumin (HSA) were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. All investigated compounds can be transported to target cells by binding to HSA, but complex C4 interacts most strongly. Molecular docking simulations were applied to comprehend the binding of the complex to the molecular target of HSA. Obtained results are in good correlations with experimental data regarding binding affinity by HSA. In vitro cytotoxicity activities were investigated on four tumor cell lines (mouse mammary (4 T1) and colon (CT26), human mammary (MDA-MD-468) and colon (HCT116)) and mouse mesenchymal stem cells as non-tumor control cells. Cytotoxic capacity was determined by MTT test and according to obtained results ligand L4 stands out as the most active and selective compound and as a good candidate for future in vivo testing. Further examination of the ligand L4 and corresponding complex C4 led to the conclusion that both induced cell death mainly by apoptosis. Ligand L4 facilitated cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and decreased proliferative capacity of tumor cells. In vitro antimicrobial activity for ligands and corresponding Pd(II) complexes was investigated against eleven microorganisms (eight strains of pathogenic bacteria and three yeast species) using microdilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum microbicidal concentration were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Đorđe S Petrović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Sandra S Jovičić Milić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Maja B Đukić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Ivana D Radojević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Milena M Jurišević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical pharmacy, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nevena M Gajović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Anđela Petrović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nebojša N Arsenijević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Ivan P Jovanović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Edina Avdović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Danijela Lj Stojković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies, Department of Science, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Verica V Jevtić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia.
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39
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Bagewadi ZK, Yunus Khan T, Gangadharappa B, Kamalapurkar A, Mohamed Shamsudeen S, Yaraguppi DA. Molecular dynamics and simulation analysis against superoxide dismutase (SOD) target of Micrococcus luteus with secondary metabolites from Bacillus licheniformis recognized by genome mining approach. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103753. [PMID: 37583871 PMCID: PMC10424208 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Micrococcus luteus, also known as M. luteus, is a bacterium that inhabits mucous membranes, human skin, and various environmental sources. It is commonly linked to infections, especially among individuals who have compromised immune systems. M. luteus is capable of synthesizing the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a component of its protective response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). This enzyme serves as a promising target for drug development in various diseases. The current study utilized a subtractive genomics approach to identify potential therapeutic targets from M. luteus. Additionally, genome mining was employed to identify and characterize the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) responsible for the production of secondary metabolites in Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis), a bacterium known for its production of therapeutically relevant secondary metabolites. Subtractive genomics resulted in identification of important extracellular protein SOD as a drug target that plays a crucial role in shielding cells from damage caused by ROS. Genome mining resulted in identification of five potential ligands (secondary metabolites) from B. licheniformis such as, Bacillibactin (BAC), Paenibactin (PAE), Fengycin (FEN), Surfactin (SUR) and Lichenysin (LIC). Molecular docking was used to predict and analyze the binding interactions between these five ligands and target protein SOD. The resulting protein-ligand complexes were further analyzed for their motions and interactions of atoms and molecules over 250 ns using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis. The analysis of MD simulations suggests, Bacillibactin as the probable candidate to arrest the activities of SOD. All the five compounds reported in this study were found to act by directly/indirectly interacting with ROS molecules, such as superoxide radicals (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and transforming them into less reactive species. This antioxidant activity contributes to its protective effects against oxidative stress-induced damage in cells making them likely candidate for various applications, including in the development of antioxidant-based therapies, nutraceuticals, and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabin K. Bagewadi
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India
| | - T.M. Yunus Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bhavya Gangadharappa
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560054, India
| | - Ankita Kamalapurkar
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India
| | - Shaik Mohamed Shamsudeen
- Department of Diagnostic dental science and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak A. Yaraguppi
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India
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40
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Handayani D, Aminah I, Pontana Putra P, Eka Putra A, Arbain D, Satriawan H, Efdi M, Celik I, Ekawati Tallei T. The depsidones from marine sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus unguis IB151 as an anti-MRSA agent: Molecular docking, pharmacokinetics analysis, and molecular dynamic simulation studies. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101744. [PMID: 37649676 PMCID: PMC10462890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging nosocomial pathogen among hospitalized patients, with high morbidity and mortality rates. The discovery of a novel antibacterial is urgently needed to address this resistance problem. The present study aims to explore the antibacterial potential of three depsidone compounds: 2-clorounguinol (1), unguinol (2), and nidulin (3), isolated from the marine sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus unguis IB1, both in vitro and in silico. The antibacterial activity of all compounds was evaluated by calculating the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against MRSA using agar diffusion and total plate count methods, respectively. Bacterial cell morphology changes were studied for the first time using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Molecular docking, pharmacokinetics analysis, and molecular dynamics simulation were performed to determine possible protein-ligand interactions and the stability of the targeting penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) against 2-clorounguinol (1). The research findings indicated that compounds 1 to 3 exhibited MIC and MBC values of 2 µg/mL and 16 µg/mL against MRSA, respectively. MRSA cells displayed a distinct shape after the addition of the depsidone compound, as observed in SEM. According to the in silico study, 2-chlorounguinol exhibited the highest binding-free energy (BFE) with PBP2a (-6.7 kcal/mol). For comparison, (E)-3-(2-(4-cyanostyryl)-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl) benzoic acid inhibits PBP2a with a BFE less than -6.6 kcal/mol. Based on the Lipinski's rule of 5, depsidone compounds constitute a class of compounds with good pharmacokinetic properties, being easily absorbed and permeable. These findings suggest that 2-chlorounguinol possesses potential antibacterial activity and could be developed as an antibiotic adjuvant to reduce antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Handayani
- Faculty of Pharmacy/Sumatran Biota Laboratory, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - Ibtisamatul Aminah
- Faculty of Pharmacy/Sumatran Biota Laboratory, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - Purnawan Pontana Putra
- Faculty of Pharmacy/Sumatran Biota Laboratory, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - Andani Eka Putra
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - Dayar Arbain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, 17 Agustus 1945 University, Sunter Permai Raya St, Jakarta 14350, Indonesia
| | - Herland Satriawan
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mai Efdi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Trina Ekawati Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia
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41
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Hyun GH, Cho IH, Yang YY, Jeong DH, Kang YP, Kim YS, Lee SJ, Kwon SW. Mechanisms of interactions in pattern-recognition of common glycostructures across pectin-derived heteropolysaccharides by Toll-like receptor 4. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 314:120921. [PMID: 37173020 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Complex pectin, originating from terrestrial plant cell walls has been attracting research attention as a promising source of a new innate immune modulator. Numerous bioactive polysaccharides associated with pectin are newly reported every year, but the general mechanism of their immunological action remains unclear owing to the complexity and heterogeneity of pectin. Herein, we systematically investigated the interactions in pattern-recognition for common glycostructures of pectic heteropolysaccharides (HPSs) by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The compositional similarity of glycosyl residues derived from pectic HPS was confirmed by conducting systematic reviews, leading to molecular modeling of representative pectic segments. Via structural investigation, the inner concavity of leucine-rich repeats of TLR4 was predicted to act as a binding motif for carbohydrate recognition, and subsequent simulations predicted the binding modes and conformations. We experimentally demonstrated that pectic HPS exhibits the non-canonical and multivalent binding aspects for TLR4 resulting in receptor activation. Furthermore, we showed that pectic HPSs were selectively clustered with TLR4 during endocytosis, inducing downstream signals to cause phenotypic activation of macrophages. Overall, we have presented a better explanation for the pattern recognition of pectic HPS and further proposed an approach to understand the interaction between complex carbohydrates and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Hwan Hyun
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Pyo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Xu F, Chen W, Ye Y, Qi X, Zhao K, Long J, Pang X, Liu Y, Wang J. A new quinolone and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from a sponge-associated fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO41033. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:2871-2877. [PMID: 36318871 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2139694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The chemical investigation of the EtOAc extract from the solid rice medium cultured with a sponge-associated fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO41033 led to the isolation of two quinolones including a new one, penicinolone (1), three xanthone derivatives (3-5), and four anthraquinones (6-9). Their structures were determined by comprehensive analysis of 1H and 13C NMR, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC spectroscopic, and HRESIMS mass spectrometric data. The bioactive assays revealed that compounds 1 and 2 showed no antimicrobial activities against five bacteria and eight fungi, and compounds 5, 8 and 9 exhibited inhibition against AChE with IC50 values of 45.9, 42.5 and 40.5 μg/mL. Molecular docking analysis was performed to explore the interactions between active molecules and AChE protein, which indicated that xanthone and anthraquinone derivatives had the potential for developing AChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiu Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyi Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya, China
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43
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O'Brien DP, Jones HBL, Guenther F, Murphy EJ, England KS, Vendrell I, Anderson M, Brennan PE, Davis JB, Pinto-Fernández A, Turnbull AP, Kessler BM. Structural Premise of Selective Deubiquitinase USP30 Inhibition by Small-Molecule Benzosulfonamides. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100609. [PMID: 37385347 PMCID: PMC10400906 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dampening functional levels of the mitochondrial deubiquitylating enzyme Ubiquitin-specific protease 30 (USP30) has been suggested as an effective therapeutic strategy against neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's Disease. USP30 inhibition may counteract the deleterious effects of impaired turnover of damaged mitochondria, which is inherent to both familial and sporadic forms of the disease. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting USP30 are currently in development, but little is known about their precise nature of binding to the protein. We have integrated biochemical and structural approaches to gain novel mechanistic insights into USP30 inhibition by a small-molecule benzosulfonamide-containing compound, USP30inh. Activity-based protein profiling mass spectrometry confirmed target engagement, high selectivity, and potency of USP30inh for USP30 against 49 other deubiquitylating enzymes in a neuroblastoma cell line. In vitro characterization of USP30inh enzyme kinetics inferred slow and tight binding behavior, which is comparable with features of covalent modification of USP30. Finally, we blended hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and computational docking to elucidate the molecular architecture and geometry of USP30 complex formation with USP30inh, identifying structural rearrangements at the cleft of the USP30 thumb and palm subdomains. These studies suggest that USP30inh binds to this thumb-palm cleft, which guides the ubiquitin C terminus into the active site, thereby preventing ubiquitin binding and isopeptide bond cleavage, and confirming its importance in the inhibitory process. Our data will pave the way for the design and development of next-generation inhibitors targeting USP30 and associated deubiquitinylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darragh P O'Brien
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK.
| | - Hannah B L Jones
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Franziska Guenther
- ARUK-Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Emma J Murphy
- ARUK-Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Katherine S England
- ARUK-Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Iolanda Vendrell
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - Paul E Brennan
- ARUK-Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - John B Davis
- ARUK-Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Adán Pinto-Fernández
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK.
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Jevtovic V, Alshamari AK, Milenković D, Dimitrić Marković J, Marković Z, Dimić D. The Effect of Metal Ions (Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) on the Molecular-Structural, Protein Binding, and Cytotoxic Properties of Metal Pyridoxal-Thiosemicarbazone Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11910. [PMID: 37569285 PMCID: PMC10419307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones and their transition metal complexes are biologically active compounds and anticancer agents with versatile structural properties. In this contribution, the structural features and stability of four pyridoxal-thiosemicarbazone (PLTSC) complexes with Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu were investigated using the density functional theory and natural bond orbital approach. Special emphasis was placed on the analysis of the donor atom-metal interactions. The geometry of compounds and crystallographic structures were further examined by Hirshfeld surface analysis, and the main intermolecular interactions were outlined. It has been shown that the geometry and the number of PLTSC units in the structure determine the type and contribution of the specific interactions. The binding of all four complexes to bovine and human serum albumin was investigated through spectrofluorometric titration. The dependency of the thermodynamic parameters on the present metal ion and geometry was explained by the possible interactions through molecular docking simulations. The binding of complexes to DNA, as one of the possible ways the compounds could induce cell death, was examined by molecular docking. The cytotoxicity was measured towards HCT116, A375, MCF-7, A2780, and MCF5 cell lines, with Cu-PLTSC being the most active, as it had the highest affinity towards DNA and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Jevtovic
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma K. Alshamari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dejan Milenković
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Zoran Marković
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Vasić J, Dimić D, Antonijević M, Avdović EH, Milenković D, Nakarada Đ, Dimitrić Marković J, Molnar M, Lončarić M, Bešlo D, Marković Z. The Electronic Effects of 3-Methoxycarbonylcoumarin Substituents on Spectral, Antioxidant, and Protein Binding Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11820. [PMID: 37511579 PMCID: PMC10380446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarin derivatives are a class of compounds with pronounced biological activities that depend primarily on the present substituents. Four 3-methoxycarbonylcoumarin derivatives with substituents of different electron-donating/electron-withdrawing abilities (Br, NO2, OH, and OMe) were investigated structurally by NMR, IR, and UV-VIS spectroscopies and density functional theory methods. The appropriate level of theory (B3LYP-D3BJ/6-311++G(d,p) was selected after comparing similar compounds' experimental and theoretical structural parameters. The natural bond orbital and quantum theory of atoms in molecules were employed to investigate the intramolecular interactions governing stability. The electronic effects of substituents mostly affected the aromatic ring that the substituents are directly attached to. The antioxidant properties were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy towards HO•, and the percentages of reduction were between 13% (6-Br) and 23% (6-OMe). The protein binding properties towards transport proteins were assessed by spectrofluorimetry, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD). The experimentally determined binding energies were well reproduced by molecular docking, showing that the spontaneity of ibuprofen binding was comparable to the investigated compounds. The flexibility of HSA in MD simulations depended on the substituents. These results proved the importance of electronic effects for the protein binding affinities and antioxidant properties of coumarin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vasić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Antonijević
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijica bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Edina H Avdović
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijica bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dejan Milenković
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijica bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Đura Nakarada
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Maja Molnar
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Melita Lončarić
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Ecology, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Drago Bešlo
- Department of Agroecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimir Prelog 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijica bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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46
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Vottero P, Tavernini S, Santin AD, Scheim DE, Tuszynski JA, Aminpour M. Computational Prediction of the Interaction of Ivermectin with Fibrinogen. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11449. [PMID: 37511206 PMCID: PMC10380762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercoagulability and formation of extensive and difficult-to-lyse microclots are a hallmark of both acute COVID-19 and long COVID. Fibrinogen, when converted to fibrin, is responsible for clot formation, but abnormal structural and mechanical clot properties can lead to pathologic thrombosis. Recent experimental evidence suggests that the spike protein (SP) from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may directly bind to the blood coagulation factor fibrinogen and induce structurally abnormal blood clots with heightened proinflammatory activity. Accordingly, in this study, we used molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to explore the potential activity of the antiparasitic drug ivermectin (IVM) to prevent the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 SP to fibrinogen and reduce the occurrence of microclots. Our computational results indicate that IVM may bind with high affinity to multiple sites on the fibrinogen peptide, with binding more likely in the central, E region, and in the coiled-coil region, as opposed to the globular D region. Taken together, our in silico results suggest that IVM may interfere with SP-fibrinogen binding and, potentially, decrease the formation of fibrin clots resistant to degradation. Additional in vitro studies are warranted to validate whether IVM binding to fibrinogen is sufficiently stable to prevent interaction with the SP, and potentially reduce its thrombo-inflammatory effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Vottero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (P.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Scott Tavernini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada;
| | - Alessandro D. Santin
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208063, New Haven, CT 06520-8063, USA;
| | - David E. Scheim
- US Public Health Service, Commissioned Corps, Inactive Reserve, Blacksburg, VA 24060-6367, USA;
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maral Aminpour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (P.V.); (M.A.)
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Bisht A, Tewari D, Kumar S, Chandra S. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation to elucidate the mechanism of anti-aging action of Tinospora cordifolia. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10684-w. [PMID: 37439907 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Scientific research has demonstrated that Tinospora cordifolia acts as an anti-aging agent in several experimental models, generating global interest in its underlying molecular mechanisms of this activity. The aim of the study was to identify the possible phytochemical compounds of T. cordifolia that might combat age-related illness through integrating network pharmacology, molecular docking techniques, and molecular dynamics (MD) study to explore their potential mechanisms of action. To carry out this study, several databases were used, including PubChem, KNApSAcK family database, PubMed, SwissADME, Molsoft, SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards, and OMIM database. For network development and GO enrichment analysis KEGG, ShinyGo 0.77, and the STRING database were used. For better analysis, the networks were also constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1. The Cytoscape network analyzer tool was used for data analysis, and molecular docking was done via Vina-GPU-2.0. The best compounds and AKT1 were finally subjected to MD simulation for 100 ns. The CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape identified ten key targets, commonly called hub genes, including AKT1, GAPDH, and TP53, and so on. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed the relevant biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions involved in treating aging-related disorders. KEGG pathway analysis involved neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, lipid and atherosclerosis, and cAMP signaling. The docking of 100 T. cordifolia compounds with AKT1 demonstrated good binding affinity, particularly for Amritoside, Sitagliptin, Berberine, and Piperine. Finally, the relative stability of four-hit phytochemicals was validated by MD simulation, which may be the most crucial compound for anti-aging activity. In conclusion, this study used network pharmacology, molecular docking, and MD simulation to identify the compounds in T. cordifolia and proposed a potential mechanism for anti-aging activity. These results suggest future directions for the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amisha Bisht
- Department of Botany, P.G. College Bageshwar, Bageshwar, Uttarakhand, 263642, India
| | - Disha Tewari
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Botany, P.G. College Bageshwar, Bageshwar, Uttarakhand, 263642, India.
| | - Subhash Chandra
- Computational Biology & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, 263601, India.
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Dos Santos AF, Martins MO, Lameira J, de Oliveira Araújo J, Frizzo MS, Davidson CB, de Souza DV, Machado AK, Mortari SR, Druzian DM, Tonel MZ, da Silva IZ, Fagan SB. Evaluation interaction of graphene oxide with heparin for antiviral blockade: a study of ab initio simulations, molecular docking, and experimental analysis. J Mol Model 2023; 29:235. [PMID: 37418181 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Heparin, one of the drugs reused in studies with antiviral activity, was chosen to investigate a possible blockade of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for viral entry through computational simulations and experimental analysis. Heparin was associated to graphene oxide to increase in the binding affinity in biological system. First, the electronic and chemical interaction between the molecules was analyzed through ab initio simulations. Later, we evaluate the biological compatibility of the nanosystems, in the target of the spike protein, through molecular docking. The results show that graphene oxide interacts with the heparin with an increase in the affinity energy with the spike protein, indicating a possible increment in the antiviral activity. Experimental analysis of synthesis and morphology of the nanostructures were carried out, indicating heparin absorption by graphene oxide, confirming the results of the first principle simulations. Experimental tests were conducted on the structure and surface of the nanomaterial, confirming the heparin aggregation on the synthesis with a size between the GO layers of 7.44 Å, indicating a C-O type bond, and exhibiting a hydrophilic surface characteristic (36.2°). METHODS Computational simulations of the ab initio with SIESTA code, LDA approximations, and an energy shift of 0.05 eV. Molecular docking simulations were performed in the AutoDock Vina software integrated with the AMDock Tools Software using the AMBER force field. GO, GO@2.5Heparin, and GO@5Heparin were synthesized by Hummers and impregnation methods, respectively, and characterized by X-ray diffraction and surface contact angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Flores Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Nanoscience: Laboratory of Simulation and Modeling of Nanomaterials-LASIMON, Franciscan University-UFN, Andradas Street, 1614, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil.
| | - Mirkos Ortiz Martins
- Postgraduate Program in Nanoscience: Laboratory of Simulation and Modeling of Nanomaterials-LASIMON, Franciscan University-UFN, Andradas Street, 1614, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
| | - Jerônimo Lameira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará-UFPA, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Marcela Sagrilo Frizzo
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering-PosENQ, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carolina Bordin Davidson
- Postgraduate Program in Nanosciences: Laboratory of Cell Culture and Bioactive Effects, Franciscan University-UFN, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Diulie Valente de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Nanosciences: Laboratory of Cell Culture and Bioactive Effects, Franciscan University-UFN, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alencar Kolinski Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Nanosciences: Laboratory of Cell Culture and Bioactive Effects, Franciscan University-UFN, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Roberto Mortari
- Postgraduate Program in Nanoscience: Laboratory of Simulation and Modeling of Nanomaterials-LASIMON, Franciscan University-UFN, Andradas Street, 1614, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
| | - Daniel Moro Druzian
- Postgraduate Program in Nanoscience: Laboratory of Simulation and Modeling of Nanomaterials-LASIMON, Franciscan University-UFN, Andradas Street, 1614, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
| | - Mariana Zancan Tonel
- Postgraduate Program in Nanoscience: Laboratory of Simulation and Modeling of Nanomaterials-LASIMON, Franciscan University-UFN, Andradas Street, 1614, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
| | - Ivana Zanella da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Nanoscience: Laboratory of Simulation and Modeling of Nanomaterials-LASIMON, Franciscan University-UFN, Andradas Street, 1614, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
| | - Solange Binotto Fagan
- Postgraduate Program in Nanoscience: Laboratory of Simulation and Modeling of Nanomaterials-LASIMON, Franciscan University-UFN, Andradas Street, 1614, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
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Samanta R, Pradhan KK, Sen D, Kar S, Ghosh M. Structure-based drug design-guided identification of estrogen receptor binders. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10657-z. [PMID: 37289383 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the life-threatening diseases and the second leading cause of death in the world. The estrogen receptor can be considered as one of the significant drug targets for cancer. A large number of clinically used anticancer drugs were identified from phytochemicals. Multiple literatures suggested that extracts of Datura sp. significantly inhibit estrogen receptors associated with human cancer. In the present study, all reported natural products present in Datura sp. were subjected to molecular docking against estrogen receptors. The top hits were shortlisted based on binding orientation and docking score and subjected to molecular dynamics simulation to explore the conformational stability followed by binding energy calculation. The ligand [(1S,5R)-8-Methyl-8-Azabicyclo [3.2.1] Octan-3-yl] (2R)-3-Hydroxy-2-Phenylpropanoate depicts highly acceptable MD simulations outcomes and drug-likeness profile. Knowledge-based de novo design and similar ligand screening were executed using the structural information. The designed ligand DL-50 exhibited satisfactory binding, drug-likeness profile, and well-accepted ADMET profile followed by easy synthetic accessibility which further requires experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojalini Samanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 83521, India
| | - Kishanta Kumar Pradhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 83521, India
| | - Debanjan Sen
- BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, Hridaypur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700127, India
| | - Supratik Kar
- Chemometrics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Kean University, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ, 07083, USA.
| | - Manik Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 83521, India.
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50
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Pronkin PG, Tatikolov AS. Spectral-fluorescent and photochemical study of 6,6'-di(benzoylamino)trimethine cyanine dyes in solutions as possible probes for DNA. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 292:122416. [PMID: 36746042 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spectral-fluorescent and photochemical properties of trimethine cyanine dyes T-304, T-306, and T-307, having substituents in 6,6'-positions, in various organic solvents, in aqueous buffer solutions, in the presence of surfactants and ethanol additives, and the effect on these properties of addition of DNA have been studied. Strong aggregation of the dyes in aqueous and aqueous buffer solutions has been shown. This is due to increased hydrophobicity of the dyes, which makes it difficult to use them as spectral-fluorescent probes for DNA. In the presence of DNA, trimethine cyanines partially form highly fluorescent complexes of dye monomers with the biomolecule, with slight decomposition of the initial aggregates and the formation of aggregates on DNA molecules. The formation of different types of dye-DNA complexes, i.e., intercalation and binding in the DNA grooves, was modeled by molecular docking. Dye-DNA complexes were also studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy and by thermal dissociation of DNA. To reveal selectivity of the dyes, their interaction with human serum albumin was briefly studied. The presence of moderate concentrations of nonionic surfactants does not lead to a significant decomposition of aggregates, but leads to a biphasic dependence of the fluorescence intensity on the DNA concentration. At the same time, ethanol additives (15%) lead to a more or less linear concentration dependence of the fluorescence intensity, which makes it possible to use these dyes as fluorescent probes for DNA. The effective binding constants of the dyes to DNA and the limits of DNA detection using the dyes in the presence of 15% ethanol were estimated. Photoisomerization and generation of the triplet states of T-304, T-306, and T-307 have been also studied. Along with the fluorescence growth, complexation with DNA leads to an increase in the yield of the triplet states of the dyes. This creates a prerequisite for using the dyes in targeted PDT. In the presence of DNA, the decay kinetics of the triplet states are biexponential, which indicates different types of dye complexes with DNA. The rate constants of oxygen quenching of the triplet states of the dyes bound to DNA are significantly lower than the diffusion-controlled values (taking into account the spin-statistical factor), which is explained by the shielding effect on the triplet molecules in complexes with DNA. The data obtained show that dyes T-304, T-306 and T-307, with addition of 15% ethanol, can be used as possible fluorescent probes for DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Pronkin
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia.
| | - A S Tatikolov
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
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