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Fretwell A, Louca P, Cohoon G, Sakellaropoulou A, Henriques Caetano MDP, Koullapis A, Orange ST, Malcomson FC, Dobson C, Corfe BM. Still too little evidence: the role of diet in colorectal cancer survivorship - a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38860747 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2360068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer incidence (CRC) is influenced by dietary factors, yet the impact of diet on CRC-specific mortality and recurrence-free survival (RFS) remains unclear. This review provides a narrative summary of existing research on dietary factors affecting CRC-specific mortality, RFS, and disease-free survival (DFS). This study searched electronic databases to identify cross-sectional/prospective research investigating dietary intake on CRC-specific mortality, RFS, or DFS. Twenty-eight studies were included in the corpus. Because of high study heterogeneity, we performed a narrative synthesis of studies. Limited, but suggestive evidence indicates beneficial effects of adhering to the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines and a plant rich low-carbohydrate diet on risk of CRC-specific mortality, potentially driven by fiber from cereals, vegetables, and wholegrains, but not fruit. For RFS and DFS, a Western dietary pattern, high intake of refined grains, and sugar sweetened beverages correlated with increased risk of CRC recurrence and development of disease/death. Conversely, greater adherence to the ACS dietary and alcohol guidelines, higher ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dark fish consumption reduced risk. Our findings underscore the need for (i) standardized investigations into diet's role in CRC survivorship, including endpoints, and (ii) comprehensive analyses to isolate specific effects within correlated lifestyle components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fretwell
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Panayiotis Louca
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Georgia Cohoon
- School of Biomedical, Nutrition and Sports Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Margarida de Pinheiro Henriques Caetano
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- School of Biomedical, Nutrition and Sports Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alexandros Koullapis
- School of Biomedical, Nutrition and Sports Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Samuel T Orange
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- School of Biomedical, Nutrition and Sports Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fiona C Malcomson
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christina Dobson
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Bernard M Corfe
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Shang Z, Pai L, Patil S. Unveiling the dynamics of gut microbial interactions: a review of dietary impact and precision nutrition in gastrointestinal health. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1395664. [PMID: 38873568 PMCID: PMC11169903 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1395664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome, a dynamic ecosystem within the gastrointestinal tract, plays a pivotal role in shaping overall health. This review delves into six interconnected sections, unraveling the intricate relationship between diet, gut microbiota, and their profound impact on human health. The dance of nutrients in the gut orchestrates a complex symphony, influencing digestive processes and susceptibility to gastrointestinal disorders. Emphasizing the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, the Brain-Gut Axis section highlights the crucial role of dietary choices in physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Autoimmune diseases, particularly those manifesting in the gastrointestinal tract, reveal the delicate balance disrupted by gut microbiome imbalances. Strategies for reconciling gut microbes through diets, precision nutrition, and clinical indications showcase promising avenues for managing gastrointestinal distress and revolutionizing healthcare. From the Low-FODMAP diet to neuro-gut interventions, these strategies provide a holistic understanding of the gut's dynamic world. Precision nutrition, as a groundbreaking discipline, holds transformative potential by tailoring dietary recommendations to individual gut microbiota compositions, reshaping the landscape of gastrointestinal health. Recent advancements in clinical indications, including exact probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and neuro-gut interventions, signify a new era where the gut microbiome actively participates in therapeutic strategies. As the microbiome takes center stage in healthcare, a paradigm shift toward personalized and effective treatments for gastrointestinal disorders emerges, reflecting the symbiotic relationship between the human body and its microbial companions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Shang
- Guangdong Engineering Technological Research Center of Clinical Molecular Diagnosis and Antibody Drugs, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Liu Pai
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sandip Patil
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Kok CR, Rose DJ, Cui J, Whisenhunt L, Hutkins R. Identification of carbohydrate gene clusters obtained from in vitro fermentations as predictive biomarkers of prebiotic responses. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:183. [PMID: 38796418 PMCID: PMC11127362 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prebiotic fibers are non-digestible substrates that modulate the gut microbiome by promoting expansion of microbes having the genetic and physiological potential to utilize those molecules. Although several prebiotic substrates have been consistently shown to provide health benefits in human clinical trials, responder and non-responder phenotypes are often reported. These observations had led to interest in identifying, a priori, prebiotic responders and non-responders as a basis for personalized nutrition. In this study, we conducted in vitro fecal enrichments and applied shotgun metagenomics and machine learning tools to identify microbial gene signatures from adult subjects that could be used to predict prebiotic responders and non-responders. RESULTS Using short chain fatty acids as a targeted response, we identified genetic features, consisting of carbohydrate active enzymes, transcription factors and sugar transporters, from metagenomic sequencing of in vitro fermentations for three prebiotic substrates: xylooligosacharides, fructooligosacharides, and inulin. A machine learning approach was then used to select substrate-specific gene signatures as predictive features. These features were found to be predictive for XOS responders with respect to SCFA production in an in vivo trial. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the bifidogenic effect of commonly used prebiotic substrates along with inter-individual microbial responses towards these substrates. We successfully trained classifiers for the prediction of prebiotic responders towards XOS and inulin with robust accuracy (≥ AUC 0.9) and demonstrated its utility in a human feeding trial. Overall, the findings from this study highlight the practical implementation of pre-intervention targeted profiling of individual microbiomes to stratify responders and non-responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Car Reen Kok
- Complex Biosystems, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Devin J Rose
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, 268 Food Innovation Center, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Juan Cui
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Lisa Whisenhunt
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Robert Hutkins
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, 268 Food Innovation Center, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, 258 Food Innovation Center, Lincoln, NE, 68588-6205, USA.
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Tywanek E, Michalak A, Świrska J, Zwolak A. Autoimmunity, New Potential Biomarkers and the Thyroid Gland-The Perspective of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Its Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4703. [PMID: 38731922 PMCID: PMC11083198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common organic specific illness of the thyroid gland. It may manifest as the overproduction or the decline of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Hyperthyroidism develops due to the overproduction of hormones as an answer to the presence of stimulatory antibodies against the TSH receptor. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is generally characterized by the presence of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies, with a concomitant infiltration of lymphocytes in the thyroid. Due to the progressive destruction of cells, AITD can lead to subclinical or overt hypothyroidism. Pathophysiology of AITD is extremely complicated and still not fully understood, with genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors involved in its development. Due to increasing incidence and social awareness of this pathology, there is an urgent need to expand the background concerning AITD. A growing body of evidence suggests possible ways of treatment apart from traditional approaches. Simultaneously, the role of potential new biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of AITD has been highlighted recently, too. Therefore, we decided to review therapeutic trends in the course of AITD based on its pathophysiological mechanisms, mainly focusing on HT. Another aim was to summarize the state of knowledge regarding the role of new biomarkers in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Tywanek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Internal Medicine in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Witold Chodźki Street 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.T.); (A.Z.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Endocrinology Department with Nuclear Medicine Department, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli, Kazimierz Jaczewski Street 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agata Michalak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland, Jaczewski Street 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Świrska
- Endocrinology Department with Nuclear Medicine Department, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli, Kazimierz Jaczewski Street 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Zwolak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Internal Medicine in Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Witold Chodźki Street 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.T.); (A.Z.)
- Endocrinology Department with Nuclear Medicine Department, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli, Kazimierz Jaczewski Street 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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Mitsou EK, Katsagoni CN, Janiszewska K. Knowledge of Dietitians on Gut Microbiota in Health-An Online Survey of the European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians (EFAD). Nutrients 2024; 16:621. [PMID: 38474750 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Explorations of current knowledge of dietitians about gut-health interconnection and the role of diet in gut microbiota manipulation are rather scarce in the literature. In this online survey we assessed the perceived and current knowledge of dietitians across Europe about gut microbiota and systemic health, nutrition as a modulator of the gut ecosystem, and the role of probiotics and prebiotics. Pre-graduate dietetic students and other professionals were also invited to participate. A total of 179 full responses were recorded (dietitians, n = 155), mainly from Southern and Western regions. Most participants (>78.0%) reported an average to good level of perceived knowledge, with significant positive correlations between perceived and current knowledge in all sections and overall (p for all <0.05). Nevertheless, a rather low current knowledge scoring of participants about probiotics and prebiotics was observed. Features such as being a dietitian, having a higher educational level as dietitian and working in an academic/research setting were usually associated with higher current knowledge. Further analysis revealed that dietitians had a trend for higher scoring about probiotics and prebiotics compared to pre-graduate students or other professionals. Moreover, for dietitians, working in an academic or research setting was an independent factor for scoring in the highest quartile in all tested sections and overall (p for all <0.05). In conclusion, this online survey shed some light on the current knowledge of dietitians across Europe about gut microbiota parameters, including dietary modulation, highlighting in parallel possible knowledge determinants. Potential areas for future educational efforts in this rather unexplored field were indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdokia K Mitsou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina N Katsagoni
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- The European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians (EFAD), Gooimeer 4-15, 1411 DC Naarden, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Janiszewska
- The European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians (EFAD), Gooimeer 4-15, 1411 DC Naarden, The Netherlands
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Rangel LI, Leveau JHJ. Applied microbiology of the phyllosphere. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:211. [PMID: 38358509 PMCID: PMC10869387 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The phyllosphere, or plant leaf surface, represents a microbial ecosystem of considerable size, holding extraordinary biodiversity and enormous potential for the discovery of new products, tools, and applications in biotechnology, agriculture, medicine, and elsewhere. This mini-review highlights the applied microbiology of the phyllosphere as an original field of study concerning itself with the genes, gene products, natural compounds, and traits that underlie phyllosphere-specific adaptations and services that have commercial and economic value for current or future innovation. Examples include plant-growth-promoting and disease-suppressive phyllobacteria, probiotics and fermented foods that support human health, as well as microbials that remedy foliar contamination with airborne pollutants, residual pesticides, or plastics. Phyllosphere microbes promote plant biomass conversion into compost, renewable energy, animal feed, or fiber. They produce foodstuffs such as thickening agents and sugar substitutes, industrial-grade biosurfactants, novel antibiotics and cancer drugs, as well as enzymes used as food additives or freezing agents. Furthermore, new developments in DNA sequence-based profiling of leaf-associated microbial communities allow for surveillance approaches in the context of food safety and security, for example, to detect enteric human pathogens on leafy greens, predict plant disease outbreaks, and intercept plant pathogens and pests on internationally traded goods. KEY POINTS: • Applied phyllosphere microbiology concerns leaf-specific adaptations for economic value • Phyllobioprospecting searches the phyllosphere microbiome for product development • Phyllobiomonitoring tracks phyllosphere microbial profiles for early risk detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena I Rangel
- Cell & Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Johan H J Leveau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Capra BT, Hudson S, Helder M, Laskaridou E, Johnson AL, Gilmore C, Marinik E, Hedrick VE, Savla J, David LA, Davy KP, Davy BM. Ultra-processed food intake, gut microbiome, and glucose homeostasis in mid-life adults: Background, design, and methods of a controlled feeding trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 137:107427. [PMID: 38184104 PMCID: PMC10922925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with gut dysbiosis, low-grade inflammation, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Prediabetes, which increases T2D and cardiovascular disease risk, is present in 45-50% of mid-life adults. The gut microbiota may link ultra-processed food (UPF) with inflammation and T2D risk. METHODS Following a 2-week standardized lead-in diet (59% UPF), adults aged 40-65 years will be randomly assigned to a 6-week diet emphasizing either UPF (81% total energy) or non-UPF (0% total energy). Measurements of insulin sensitivity, 24-h and postprandial glycemic control, gut microbiota composition/function, fecal short chain fatty acids, intestinal inflammation, inflammatory cytokines, and vascular function will be made before and following the 6-week intervention period. Prior to recruitment, menus were developed in order to match UPF and non-UPF conditions based upon relevant dietary factors. Menus were evaluated for palatability and costs, and the commercial additive content of study diets was quantified to explore potential links with outcomes. RESULTS Overall diet palatability ratings were similar (UPF = 7.6 ± 1.0; Non-UPF = 6.8 ± 1.5; Like Moderately = 7, Like Very Much = 8). Cost analysis (food + labor) of the 2000 kcal menu (7-d average) revealed lower costs for UPF compared to non-UPF diets ($20.97/d and $40.23/d, respectively). Additive exposure assessment of the 2000 kcal UPF diet indicated that soy lecithin (16×/week), citric acid (13×/week), sorbic acid (13×/week), and sodium citrate (12×/week) were the most frequently consumed additives. CONCLUSIONS Whether UPF consumption impairs glucose homeostasis in mid-life adults is unknown. Findings will address this research gap and contribute information on how UPF consumption may influence T2D development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey T Capra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America.
| | - Summer Hudson
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - McKenna Helder
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech,United States of America
| | - Eleni Laskaridou
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
| | - Aubrey L Johnson
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
| | - Carson Gilmore
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - Elaina Marinik
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
| | - Valisa E Hedrick
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
| | - Jyoti Savla
- Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America; Center for Gerontology, Virginia Tech, United States of America
| | - Lawrence A David
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University, United States of America; Duke Microbiome Center, Duke University, United States of America
| | - Kevin P Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
| | - Brenda M Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 229 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Virginia Tech Translational Obesity Research Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, United States of America
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Duncanson K, Williams G, Hoedt EC, Collins CE, Keely S, Talley NJ. Diet-microbiota associations in gastrointestinal research: a systematic review. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2350785. [PMID: 38725230 PMCID: PMC11093048 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2350785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between diet and gastrointestinal microbiota influence health status and outcomes. Evaluating these relationships requires accurate quantification of dietary variables relevant to microbial metabolism, however current dietary assessment methods focus on dietary components relevant to human digestion only. The aim of this study was to synthesize research on foods and nutrients that influence human gut microbiota and thereby identify knowledge gaps to inform dietary assessment advancements toward better understanding of diet-microbiota interactions. Thirty-eight systematic reviews and 106 primary studies reported on human diet-microbiota associations. Dietary factors altering colonic microbiota included dietary patterns, macronutrients, micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and food additives. Reported diet-microbiota associations were dominated by routinely analyzed nutrients, which are absorbed from the small intestine but analyzed for correlation to stool microbiota. Dietary derived microbiota-relevant nutrients are more challenging to quantify and underrepresented in included studies. This evidence synthesis highlights advancements needed, including opportunities for expansion of food composition databases to include microbiota-relevant data, particularly for human intervention studies. These advances in dietary assessment methodology will facilitate translation of microbiota-specific nutrition therapy to practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerith Duncanson
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina Williams
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily C. Hoedt
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare E. Collins
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Talley
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine & Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Ma L, Yan Y, Webb RJ, Li Y, Mehrabani S, Xin B, Sun X, Wang Y, Mazidi M. Psychological Stress and Gut Microbiota Composition: A Systematic Review of Human Studies. Neuropsychobiology 2023; 82:247-262. [PMID: 37673059 DOI: 10.1159/000533131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The associations between psychological stress and gut microbiota composition are not fully understood. This study investigated associations between psychological stress and gut microbiota composition and examined the potential modifying effects of age, sex, and ethnicity on such associations. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Embase databases for studies published until November 2021 which examined associations between psychological stress and gut microbiota composition. RESULTS During the search process, 10,790 studies were identified, and after screening, 13 met the eligibility criteria and were included. The median sample size was 70, and the median age of participants was 28.0 years. Most of the included studies did not report associations between measures of alpha- and beta diversity of the gut microbiota composition and psychological stress. A few studies reported that the Shannon index, Chao 1, Simpson index, and weighted UniFrac were negatively associated with psychological stress. Significant reductions in several taxa at the phyla-, family-, and genus-levels were observed in participants with higher psychological stress. At the phylum level, the abundance of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were negatively associated with psychological stress. At the family-level, no more than two studies reported associations of the same microbiota with psychological stress. At the genus level, the following results were found in more than two studies; psychological stress was negatively associated with the abundance of Lachnospira, Lachnospiraceae, Phascolarctobacterium, Sutterella, and Veillonella, and positively associated with the abundance of Methanobrevibacter, Rhodococcus, and Roseburia. However, it was not possible to determine the influence of age, sex, or ethnicity due to the limited studies included. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence that psychological stress is associated with changes in the abundance of the gut microbiota. Larger sample longitudinal studies are needed to determine the causal relationship between psychological stress and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ma
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yating Yan
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China,
| | - Richard James Webb
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, Hope Park Campus, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bao Xin
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Youfa Wang
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, South Wing St Thomas', London, UK
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Romero-Tapiador S, Lacruz-Pleguezuelos B, Tolosana R, Freixer G, Daza R, Fernández-Díaz CM, Aguilar-Aguilar E, Fernández-Cabezas J, Cruz-Gil S, Molina S, Crespo MC, Laguna T, Marcos-Zambrano LJ, Vera-Rodriguez R, Fierrez J, Ramírez de Molina A, Ortega-Garcia J, Espinosa-Salinas I, Morales A, Carrillo de Santa Pau E. AI4FoodDB: a database for personalized e-Health nutrition and lifestyle through wearable devices and artificial intelligence. Database (Oxford) 2023; 2023:baad049. [PMID: 37465917 PMCID: PMC10354505 DOI: 10.1093/database/baad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of diet-related diseases calls for an improvement in nutritional advice. Personalized nutrition aims to solve this problem by adapting dietary and lifestyle guidelines to the unique circumstances of each individual. With the latest advances in technology and data science, researchers can now automatically collect and analyze large amounts of data from a variety of sources, including wearable and smart devices. By combining these diverse data, more comprehensive insights of the human body and its diseases can be achieved. However, there are still major challenges to overcome, including the need for more robust data and standardization of methodologies for better subject monitoring and assessment. Here, we present the AI4Food database (AI4FoodDB), which gathers data from a nutritional weight loss intervention monitoring 100 overweight and obese participants during 1 month. Data acquisition involved manual traditional approaches, novel digital methods and the collection of biological samples, obtaining: (i) biological samples at the beginning and the end of the intervention, (ii) anthropometric measurements every 2 weeks, (iii) lifestyle and nutritional questionnaires at two different time points and (iv) continuous digital measurements for 2 weeks. To the best of our knowledge, AI4FoodDB is the first public database that centralizes food images, wearable sensors, validated questionnaires and biological samples from the same intervention. AI4FoodDB thus has immense potential for fostering the advancement of automatic and novel artificial intelligence techniques in the field of personalized care. Moreover, the collected information will yield valuable insights into the relationships between different variables and health outcomes, allowing researchers to generate and test new hypotheses, identify novel biomarkers and digital endpoints, and explore how different lifestyle, biological and digital factors impact health. The aim of this article is to describe the datasets included in AI4FoodDB and to outline the potential that they hold for precision health research. Database URL https://github.com/AI4Food/AI4FoodDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Romero-Tapiador
- Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Laboratory, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomas y Valiente, 11, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Blanca Lacruz-Pleguezuelos
- Computational Biology Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Research Program, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ruben Tolosana
- Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Laboratory, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomas y Valiente, 11, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Gala Freixer
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Roberto Daza
- Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Laboratory, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomas y Valiente, 11, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Cristina M Fernández-Díaz
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Elena Aguilar-Aguilar
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Nutrition, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odon, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Jorge Fernández-Cabezas
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Silvia Cruz-Gil
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Susana Molina
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Crespo
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Teresa Laguna
- Computational Biology Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Research Program, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Laura Judith Marcos-Zambrano
- Computational Biology Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Research Program, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ruben Vera-Rodriguez
- Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Laboratory, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomas y Valiente, 11, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Julian Fierrez
- Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Laboratory, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomas y Valiente, 11, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Javier Ortega-Garcia
- Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Laboratory, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomas y Valiente, 11, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Isabel Espinosa-Salinas
- GENYAL Platform on Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Aythami Morales
- Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Laboratory, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomas y Valiente, 11, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Enrique Carrillo de Santa Pau
- Computational Biology Group, Precision Nutrition and Cancer Research Program, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco, 8, Madrid 28049, Spain
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Duncanson K, Tikhe D, Williams GM, Talley NJ. Irritable bowel syndrome - controversies in diagnosis and management. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:649-663. [PMID: 37317843 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2223975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the best-recognized disorder of gut brain interactions (DGBI). However, it is controversial if the Rome IV criteria iteration for IBS diagnosis is fit for purpose. AREAS COVERED This review critically evaluates Rome IV criteria for diagnosis of IBS and addresses clinical considerations in IBS treatment and management, including dietary factors, biomarkers, disease mimics, symptom severity, and subtypes. The role of diet in IBS is critically reviewed along with the influence of the microbiota, including small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. EXPERT OPINION Emerging data suggest the Rome IV criteria are more suitable for identifying severe IBS and least useful for sub-diagnostic patients who are still likely to benefit from IBS treatment. Despite convincing evidence that IBS symptoms are diet-driven and often postprandial, a relationship to eating is not a Rome IV diagnostic criterion. Few IBS biomarkers have been identified, suggesting the syndrome is too heterogeneous to be measured by a single marker, and combined biomarker, clinical, dietary, and microbial profiling may be needed for objective characterization. With many organic diseases mimicking and overlapping with IBS, it's important clinicians are knowledgable about this to mitigate the risk of missing comorbid organic intestinal disease and to optimally treat IBS symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerith Duncanson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Dhanashree Tikhe
- Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina M Williams
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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12
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Mendoza-León MJ, Mangalam AK, Regaldiz A, González-Madrid E, Rangel-Ramírez MA, Álvarez-Mardonez O, Vallejos OP, Méndez C, Bueno SM, Melo-González F, Duarte Y, Opazo MC, Kalergis AM, Riedel CA. Gut microbiota short-chain fatty acids and their impact on the host thyroid function and diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1192216. [PMID: 37455925 PMCID: PMC10349397 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1192216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid disorders are clinically characterized by alterations of L-3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (T4), L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), and/or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the blood. The most frequent thyroid disorders are hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroxinemia. These conditions affect cell differentiation, function, and metabolism. It has been reported that 40% of the world's population suffers from some type of thyroid disorder and that several factors increase susceptibility to these diseases. Among them are iodine intake, environmental contamination, smoking, certain drugs, and genetic factors. Recently, the intestinal microbiota, composed of more than trillions of microbes, has emerged as a critical player in human health, and dysbiosis has been linked to thyroid diseases. The intestinal microbiota can affect host physiology by producing metabolites derived from dietary fiber, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs have local actions in the intestine and can affect the central nervous system and immune system. Modulation of SCFAs-producing bacteria has also been connected to metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. In this review, we discuss how alterations in the production of SCFAs due to dysbiosis in patients could be related to thyroid disorders. The studies reviewed here may be of significant interest to endocrinology researchers and medical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Mendoza-León
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Alejandro Regaldiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique González-Madrid
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ma. Andreina Rangel-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Álvarez-Mardonez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omar P. Vallejos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Méndez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Melo-González
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yorley Duarte
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ma. Cecilia Opazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Weger M, Weger BD, Gachon F. Understanding circadian dynamics: current progress and future directions for chronobiology in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023. [PMID: 37300813 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2224554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most mammalian physiology is orchestrated by the circadian clock, including drug transport and metabolism. As a result, efficacy and toxicity of many drugs are influenced by the timing of their administration, which has led to the establishment of the field of chronopharmacology. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors provide an overview of the current knowledge about the time-of-day dependent aspects of drug metabolism and the importance of chronopharmacological strategies for drug development. They also discuss the factors influencing rhythmic drug pharmacokinetic including sex, metabolic diseases, feeding rhythms, and microbiota, that are often overlooked in the context of chronopharmacology. This article summarizes the involved molecular mechanisms and functions and explains why these parameters should be considered in the process of drug discovery. EXPERT OPINION Although chronomodulated treatments have shown promising results, particularly for cancer, the practice is still underdeveloped due to the associated high cost and time investments. However, implementing this strategy at the preclinical stage could offer a new opportunity to translate preclinical discoveries into successful clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Weger
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin D Weger
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
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14
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Salerno P, Verster A, Valls R, Barrack K, Price C, Madan J, O'Toole GA, Ross BD. Persistent delay in maturation of the developing gut microbiota in infants with cystic fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.539134. [PMID: 37205374 PMCID: PMC10187160 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.539134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The healthy human infant gut microbiome undergoes stereotypical changes in taxonomic composition between birth and maturation to an adult-like stable state. During this time, extensive communication between microbiota and the host immune system contributes to health status later in life. Although there are many reported associations between microbiota compositional alterations and disease in adults, less is known about how microbiome development is altered in pediatric diseases. One pediatric disease linked to altered gut microbiota composition is cystic fibrosis (CF), a multi-organ genetic disease involving impaired chloride secretion across epithelia and heightened inflammation both in the gut and at other body sites. Here, we use shotgun metagenomics to profile the strain-level composition and developmental dynamics of the infant fecal microbiota from several CF and non-CF longitudinal cohorts spanning from birth to greater than 36 months of life. We identify a set of keystone species whose prevalence and abundance reproducibly define microbiota development in early life in non-CF infants, but are missing or decreased in relative abundance in infants with CF. The consequences of these CF-specific differences in gut microbiota composition and dynamics are a delayed pattern of microbiota maturation, persistent entrenchment in a transitional developmental phase, and subsequent failure to attain an adult-like stable microbiota. We also detect the increased relative abundance of oral-derived bacteria and higher levels of fungi in CF, features that are associated with decreased gut bacterial density in inflammatory bowel diseases. Our results define key differences in the gut microbiota during ontogeny in CF and suggest the potential for directed therapies to overcome developmental delays in microbiota maturation.
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Martínez CF, Esposito S, Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Ruggiero E, De Curtis A, Persichillo M, Hébert JR, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Gialluisi A, Bonaccio M. Association between the Inflammatory Potential of the Diet and Biological Aging: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 4510 Adults from the Moli-Sani Study Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061503. [PMID: 36986232 PMCID: PMC10056325 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronological age (CA) may not accurately reflect the health status of an individual. Rather, biological age (BA) or hypothetical underlying "functional" age has been proposed as a relevant indicator of healthy aging. Observational studies have found that decelerated biological aging or Δage (BA-CA) is associated with a lower risk of disease and mortality. In general, CA is associated with low-grade inflammation, a condition linked to the risk of the incidence of disease and overall cause-specific mortality, and is modulated by diet. To address the hypothesis that diet-related inflammation is associated with Δage, a cross-sectional analysis of data from a sub-cohort from the Moli-sani Study (2005-2010, Italy) was performed. The inflammatory potential of the diet was measured using the Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DIITM) and a novel literature-based dietary inflammation score (DIS). A deep neural network approach based on circulating biomarkers was used to compute BA, and the resulting Δage was fit as the dependent variable. In 4510 participants (men 52.0%), the mean of CA (SD) was 55.6 y (±11.6), BA 54.8 y (±8.6), and Δage -0.77 (±7.7). In a multivariable-adjusted analysis, an increase in E-DIITM and DIS scores led to an increase in Δage (β = 0.22; 95%CI 0.05, 0.38; β = 0.27; 95%CI 0.10, 0.44, respectively). We found interaction for DIS by sex and for E-DIITM by BMI. In conclusion, a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with accelerated biological aging, which likely leads to an increased long-term risk of inflammation-related diseases and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia F Martínez
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Simona Esposito
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Emilia Ruggiero
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Amalia De Curtis
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Persichillo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Maria Benedetta Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese-Como, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gialluisi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
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Gupta Y, Ernst AL, Vorobyev A, Beltsiou F, Zillikens D, Bieber K, Sanna-Cherchi S, Christiano AM, Sadik CD, Ludwig RJ, Sezin T. Impact of diet and host genetics on the murine intestinal mycobiome. Nat Commun 2023; 14:834. [PMID: 36788222 PMCID: PMC9929102 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian gut is home to a diverse microbial ecosystem, whose composition affects various physiological traits of the host. Next-generation sequencing-based metagenomic approaches demonstrated how the interplay of host genetics, bacteria, and environmental factors shape complex traits and clinical outcomes. However, the role of fungi in these complex interactions remains understudied. Here, using 228 males and 363 females from an advanced-intercross mouse line, we provide evidence that fungi are regulated by host genetics. In addition, we map quantitative trait loci associated with various fungal species to single genes in mice using whole genome sequencing and genotyping. Moreover, we show that diet and its' interaction with host genetics alter the composition of fungi in outbred mice, and identify fungal indicator species associated with different dietary regimes. Collectively, in this work, we uncover an association of the intestinal fungal community with host genetics and a regulatory role of diet in this ecological niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yask Gupta
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Lara Ernst
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Artem Vorobyev
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Foteini Beltsiou
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Bieber
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Simone Sanna-Cherchi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela M Christiano
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Tanya Sezin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Williams GM, Tapsell LC, Beck EJ. Gut health, the microbiome and dietary choices: An exploration of consumer perspectives. Nutr Diet 2023; 80:85-94. [PMID: 36221861 PMCID: PMC10092166 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore consumer perceptions regarding dietary behaviours related to the gut microbiome, to assist in effective translation of research to practice. METHODS Online focus groups were conducted (adults with no formal medical or nutrition training). Semi-structured open-ended questioning explored perspectives related to gut health and dietary behaviours. A qualitative descriptive analysis approach was undertaken in duplicate. RESULTS Fourteen focus groups were conducted (n = 38, 15 males, 23 females). Four overarching themes regarding consumer perceptions were identified. These were (a) gut health equates with wellbeing, (b) there are divergent perceptions of how diet influences gut health, (c) interest in scientific evidence does not necessarily influence dietary behaviour and (d) gastrointestinal symptoms influence dietary behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Consumers are interested in gut health and understand that diet may be important. Given that current literature regarding diet and gut health does not differ from dietary guidelines, consumer interest may provide a timely slant to promote longstanding guidelines. Consumer education to limit scepticism around government messaging, including utilisation of social media by nutrition professionals, may be key to improving adherence to guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M Williams
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Linda C Tapsell
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eleanor J Beck
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Williams GM, Tapsell LC, Beck EJ. Dietitians' perspectives on the role of dietetics practice in 'gut health'. Nutr Diet 2023; 80:95-103. [PMID: 36217214 PMCID: PMC10092207 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to explore dietitians' perspectives on the evidence surrounding the relationship between diet and 'gut health' and the current and emerging role of dietetics practice in this area. METHODS A qualitative descriptive methodology was used. Online semi-structured interviews were conducted with Australian dietitians, focused on the perspectives related to gut health management in dietetics practice. Inductive thematic analysis was employed, commencing with initial coding by two researchers, and further coding leading to development of emergent themes. Divergent data were discussed and considered in analysis. RESULTS Fourteen interviews were conducted (2 males, 12 females). An overarching theme identified that current evidence is insufficient to direct dietetics practice change regarding gut health. Six subthemes on dietetics practice in 'gut health' emerged including (a) practice is multifaceted, (b) current practice aligns with dietary guidelines, (c) symptom management remains the primary concern, (d) evidence-based information is sought, (e) translational evidence is required for practice change and (f) there is a role for dietetics in gut health research and translation. CONCLUSIONS Dietitians do not appear confident in their practice regarding gut microbiome-related management and recognise there is currently limited translatable research to inform practice. Evidence to date suggests that recommendations for positive gut health do not differ substantially from Australian Dietary Guidelines. Dietitians will need additional education if further evidence emerges, however they demonstrated a strong commitment to evidence-based practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M Williams
- Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Linda C Tapsell
- Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eleanor J Beck
- Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Qusa MH, Abdelwahed KS, Hill RA, El Sayed KA. S-(-)-Oleocanthal Ex Vivo Modulatory Effects on Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:618. [PMID: 36771326 PMCID: PMC9920009 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence points to the critical role of bioactive extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenolics and gut microbiota (GM) interplay, but reliable models for studying the consequences thereof remain to be developed. Herein, we report an optimized ex vivo fecal anaerobic fermentation model to study the modulation of GM by the most bioactive EVOO phenolic S-(-)-oleocanthal (OC), and impacts therefrom, focusing on OC biotransformation in the gut. This model will also be applicable for characterization of GM interactions with other EVOO phenolics, and moreover, for a broadly diverse range of bioactive natural products. The fecal fermentation media and time, and mouse type and gender, were the major factors varied and optimized to provide better understanding of GM-OC interplay. A novel resin entrapment technique (solid-phase extraction) served to selectively entrap OC metabolites, degradation products, and any remaining fraction of OC while excluding interfering complex fecal medium constituents. The effects of OC on GM compositions were investigated via shallow shotgun DNA sequencing. Robust metabolome analyses identified GM bacterial species selectively altered (population numbers/fraction) by OC. Finally, the topmost OC-affected gut bacterial species of the studied mice were compared with those known to be extant in humans and distributions of these bacteria at different human body sites. OC intake caused significant quantitative and qualitative changes to mice GM, which was also comparable with human GM. Results clearly highlight the potential positive health outcomes of OC as a prospective nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Khalid A. El Sayed
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
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20
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Mauro CSI, Hassani MK, Barone M, Esposito MT, Calle Y, Behrends V, Garcia S, Brigidi P, Turroni S, Costabile A. Cerrado and Pantanal fruit flours affect gut microbiota composition in healthy and post-COVID-19 individuals: an in vitro pilot fermentation study. Int J Food Sci Technol 2023; 58:IJFS16274. [PMID: 36721386 PMCID: PMC9880733 DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.16274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerrado and Pantanal plants can provide fruits with high nutritional value and antioxidants. This study aims to evaluate four fruit flours (from jatobá pulp, cumbaru almond, bocaiuva pulp and bocaiuva almond) and their effects on the gut microbiota in healthy (HD) and post-COVID-19 individuals (PC). An in vitro batch system was carried out, the microbiota was analysed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and the short-chain fatty acids ratio was determined. Furthermore, the effect of jatobá pulp flour oil (JAO) on cell viability, oxidative stress and DNA damage was investigated in a myelo-monocytic cell line. Beyond confirming a microbiota imbalance in PC, we identified flour-specific effects: (i) reduction of Veillonellaceae with jatobá extract in PC samples; (ii) decrease in Akkermansia with jatoba and cumbaru flours; (iii) decreasing trend of Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus with all flours tested, with the exception of the bocaiuva almond in HD samples for Ruminococcus and (iv) increase in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in PC samples with bocaiuva almond flour. JAO displayed antioxidant properties protecting cells from daunorubicin-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and DNA damage. The promising microbiota-modulating abilities of some flours and the chemopreventive effects of JAO deserve to be further explored in human intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of BolognaBologna40138Italy
| | | | - Yolanda Calle
- School of Life and Health SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonLondonSW15 4JDUK
| | - Volker Behrends
- School of Life and Health SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonLondonSW15 4JDUK
| | - Sandra Garcia
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyState University of LondrinaLondrina86057‐970Brazil
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of BolognaBologna40138Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and BiotechnologyUniversity of BolognaBologna40126Italy
| | - Adele Costabile
- School of Life and Health SciencesUniversity of RoehamptonLondonSW15 4JDUK
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21
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Dacrema M, Ali A, Ullah H, Khan A, Di Minno A, Xiao J, Martins AMC, Daglia M. Spice-Derived Bioactive Compounds Confer Colorectal Cancer Prevention via Modulation of Gut Microbiota. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225682. [PMID: 36428774 PMCID: PMC9688386 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality among all types of malignancies. Sedentary lifestyles, obesity, smoking, red and processed meat, low-fiber diets, inflammatory bowel disease, and gut dysbiosis are the most important risk factors associated with CRC pathogenesis. Alterations in gut microbiota are positively correlated with colorectal carcinogenesis, as these can dysregulate the immune response, alter the gut's metabolic profile, modify the molecular processes in colonocytes, and initiate mutagenesis. Changes in the daily diet, and the addition of plant-based nutraceuticals, have the ability to modulate the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota, maintaining gut homeostasis and regulating host immune and inflammatory responses. Spices are one of the fundamental components of the human diet that are used for their bioactive properties (i.e., antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects) and these exert beneficial effects on health, improving digestion and showing anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and glucose- and cholesterol-lowering activities, as well as possessing properties that affect cognition and mood. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of spices could be useful in the prevention of various types of cancers that affect the digestive system. This review is designed to summarize the reciprocal interactions between dietary spices and the gut microbiota, and highlight the impact of dietary spices and their bioactive compounds on colorectal carcinogenesis by targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dacrema
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Arif Ali
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430372, Brazil
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Nowshera, Nowshera 24110, Pakistan
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430372, Brazil
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence:
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22
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Kostiuchenko O, Kravchenko N, Markus J, Burleigh S, Fedkiv O, Cao L, Letasiova S, Skibo G, Fåk Hållenius F, Prykhodko O. Effects of Proteases from Pineapple and Papaya on Protein Digestive Capacity and Gut Microbiota in Healthy C57BL/6 Mice and Dose-Manner Response on Mucosal Permeability in Human Reconstructed Intestinal 3D Tissue Model. Metabolites 2022; 12:1027. [PMID: 36355110 PMCID: PMC9696696 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine proteases obtained from the stem of pineapple or papaya latex, bromelain and papain, respectively, exhibit a broad spectrum of beneficial effects on human health. However, their effects on gut microbiota composition or dose-manner effects on the intestinal integrity of healthy tissue have not been evaluated. In this study, C57BL/6 young, healthy mice were fed bromelain or papain in a dose of 1 mg per animal/day for three consecutive days, followed by the assessment of digestive protein capacity, intestinal morphology and gut microbiota composition. Furthermore, a human reconstructed 3D tissue model EpiIntestinal (SMI-100) was used to study the effects of 1, 0.1 and 10 mg/mL doses of each enzyme on tissue integrity and mucosal permeability using TEER measurements and passage of Lucifer Yellow marker from the apical to the basolateral side of the mucosa. The results indicated that fruit proteases have the potential to modulate gut microbiota with decreasing abundance of Proteobacteria and increasing beneficial Akkermansia muciniphila. The enhancement of pancreatic trypsin was observed in bromelain and papain supplementation, while bromelain also increased the thickness of the ileal mucosa. Furthermore, an in vitro study showed a dose-dependent interruption in epithelial integrity, which resulted in increased paracellular permeability by the highest doses of enzymes. These findings define bromelain and papain as promising enzymatic supplementation for controlled enhancement of paracellular uptake when needed, together with beneficial effects on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Kostiuchenko
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, 010 24 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nadiia Kravchenko
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, 010 24 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jan Markus
- MatTek In Vitro Life Science Laboratories, 821 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre of Toxicology and Health Safety, National Institute of Public Health, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen Burleigh
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olexandr Fedkiv
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ling Cao
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Silvia Letasiova
- MatTek In Vitro Life Science Laboratories, 821 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre of Toxicology and Health Safety, National Institute of Public Health, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Galyna Skibo
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, 010 24 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Frida Fåk Hållenius
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olena Prykhodko
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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23
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Roth C, Sims T, Rodehutscord M, Seifert J, Camarinha-Silva A. The active core microbiota of two high-yielding laying hen breeds fed with different levels of calcium and phosphorus. Front Physiol 2022; 13:951350. [PMID: 36213242 PMCID: PMC9539745 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.951350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutrient availability and supplementation of dietary phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) in avian feed, especially in laying hens, plays a vital role in phytase degradation and mineral utilization during the laying phase. The required concentration of P and Ca peaks during the laying phase, and the direct interaction between Ca and P concentration shrinks the availability of both supplements in the feed. Our goal was to characterize the active microbiota of the entire gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (crop, gizzard, duodenum, ileum, caeca), including digesta- and mucosa-associated communities of two contrasting high-yielding breeds of laying hens (Lohmann Brown Classic, LB; Lohmann LSL-Classic, LSL) under different P and Ca supplementation levels. Statistical significances were observed for breed, GIT section, Ca, and the interaction of GIT section x breed, P x Ca, Ca x breed and P x Ca x breed (p < 0.05). A core microbiota of five species was detected in more than 97% of all samples. They were represented by an uncl. Lactobacillus (average relative abundance (av. abu.) 12.1%), Lactobacillus helveticus (av. abu. 10.8%), Megamonas funiformis (av. abu. 6.8%), Ligilactobacillus salivarius (av. abu. 4.5%), and an uncl. Fusicatenibacter (av. abu. 1.1%). Our findings indicated that Ca and P supplementation levels 20% below the recommendation have a minor effect on the microbiota compared to the strong impact of the bird’s genetic background. Moreover, a core active microbiota across the GIT of two high-yielding laying hen breeds was revealed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Roth
- HoLMiR—Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tanja Sims
- HoLMiR—Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Rodehutscord
- HoLMiR—Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jana Seifert
- HoLMiR—Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amélia Camarinha-Silva
- HoLMiR—Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- *Correspondence: Amélia Camarinha-Silva,
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24
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Siddiqui R, Mungroo MR, Alharbi AM, Alfahemi H, Khan NA. The Use of Gut Microbial Modulation Strategies as Interventional Strategies for Ageing. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091869. [PMID: 36144471 PMCID: PMC9506335 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial composition codevelops with the host from birth and is influenced by several factors, including drug use, radiation, psychological stress, dietary changes and physical stress. Importantly, gut microbial dysbiosis has been clearly associated with several diseases, including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea, and is known to affect human health and performance. Herein, we discuss that a shift in the gut microbiota with age and reversal of age-related modulation of the gut microbiota could be a major contributor to the incidence of numerous age-related diseases or overall human performance. In addition, it is suggested that the gut microbiome of long-lived animals such as reptiles should be investigated for their unique properties and contribution to the potent defense system of these species could be extrapolated for the benefit of human health. A range of techniques can be used to modulate the gut microbiota to have higher abundance of “beneficial” microbes that have been linked with health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Ridwane Mungroo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad M. Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Alfahemi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65799, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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25
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Syromyatnikov M, Nesterova E, Gladkikh M, Smirnova Y, Gryaznova M, Popov V. Characteristics of the Gut Bacterial Composition in People of Different Nationalities and Religions. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091866. [PMID: 36144468 PMCID: PMC9501501 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing has made it possible to extensively study the human gut microbiota. The links between the human gut microbiome and ethnicity, religion, and race remain rather poorly understood. In this review, data on the relationship between gut microbiota composition and the nationality of people and their religion were generalized. The unique gut microbiome of a healthy European (including Slavic nationality) is characterized by the dominance of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Among the African population, the typical members of the microbiota are Bacteroides and Prevotella. The gut microbiome of Asians is very diverse and rich in members of the genera Prevotella, Bacteroides Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Subdoligranulum, Coprococcus, Collinsella, Megasphaera, Bifidobacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium. Among Buddhists and Muslims, the Prevotella enterotype is characteristic of the gut microbiome, while other representatives of religions, including Christians, have the Bacteroides enterotype. Most likely, the gut microbiota of people of different nationalities and religions are influenced by food preferences. The review also considers the influences of pathologies such as obesity, Crohn’s disease, cancer, diabetes, etc., on the bacterial composition of the guts of people of different nationalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Syromyatnikov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ekaterina Nesterova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Maria Gladkikh
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yuliya Smirnova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Mariya Gryaznova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vasily Popov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
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Pietrucci D, Teofani A, Milanesi M, Fosso B, Putignani L, Messina F, Pesole G, Desideri A, Chillemi G. Machine Learning Data Analysis Highlights the Role of Parasutterella and Alloprevotella in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082028. [PMID: 36009575 PMCID: PMC9405825 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the involvement of the gut microbiota in disease and health has been investigated by sequencing the 16S gene from fecal samples. Dysbiotic gut microbiota was also observed in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms. However, despite the relevant number of studies, it is still difficult to identify a typical dysbiotic profile in ASD patients. The discrepancies among these studies are due to technical factors (i.e., experimental procedures) and external parameters (i.e., dietary habits). In this paper, we collected 959 samples from eight available projects (540 ASD and 419 Healthy Controls, HC) and reduced the observed bias among studies. Then, we applied a Machine Learning (ML) approach to create a predictor able to discriminate between ASD and HC. We tested and optimized three algorithms: Random Forest, Support Vector Machine and Gradient Boosting Machine. All three algorithms confirmed the importance of five different genera, including Parasutterella and Alloprevotella. Furthermore, our results show that ML algorithms could identify common taxonomic features by comparing datasets obtained from countries characterized by latent confounding variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pietrucci
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, IBIOM, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Adelaide Teofani
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Milanesi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Bruno Fosso
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Piazza Umberto I, 1, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Units of Microbiomics, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Messina
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biological Bank National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, IBIOM, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Piazza Umberto I, 1, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Desideri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0761-357-429
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27
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Martín Giménez VM, Rukavina Mikusic NL, Lee HJ, García Menéndez S, Choi MR, Manucha W. Physiopathological mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension associated with gut dysbiosis and the effect of nutritional/pharmacological interventions. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115213. [PMID: 35985404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota dysbiosis represents a triggering factor for cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. In addition to the harmful impact caused by hypertension on different target organs, gut dysbiosis is capable of causing direct damage to critical organs such as the brain, heart, blood vessels, and kidneys. In this sense, it should be noted that pharmacological and nutritional interventions may influence gut microbiota composition, either inducing or preventing the development of hypertension. Some of the most important nutritional interventions at this level are represented by pro-, pre-, post- and/or syn-biotics, as well as polysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-3, polyphenols and fiber contained in different foods. Meanwhile, certain natural and synthetic active pharmaceutical ingredients, including antibiotics, antihypertensive and immunosuppressive drugs, vegetable extracts and vitamins, may also have a key role in the modulation of both gut microbiota and cardiovascular health. Additionally, gut microbiota may influence drugs and food-derived bioactive compounds metabolism, positively or negatively affecting their biological behavior facing established hypertension. The understanding of the complex interactions between gut microbiome and drug/food response results of great importance to developing improved pharmacological therapies for hypertension prevention and treatment. The purpose of this review is to critically outline the most relevant and recent findings on cardiovascular, renal and brain physiopathological mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension associated with changes in gut microbiota, besides the nutritional and pharmacological interventions potentially valuable for the prevention and treatment of this prevalent pathology. Finally, harmful food/drug interventions on gut microbiota are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virna Margarita Martín Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, Sede San Juan, Argentina
| | - Natalia Lucía Rukavina Mikusic
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET. Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hyun Jin Lee
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián García Menéndez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental Básica y Traslacional. Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina; Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IMBECU-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Marcelo Roberto Choi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET. Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Manucha
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental Básica y Traslacional. Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina; Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IMBECU-CONICET), Argentina.
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Sasaki M, Schwab C, Ramirez Garcia A, Li Q, Ferstl R, Bersuch E, Akdis CA, Lauener R, Frei R, Roduit C. The abundance of Ruminococcus bromii is associated with faecal butyrate levels and atopic dermatitis in infancy. Allergy 2022; 77:3629-3640. [PMID: 35917214 PMCID: PMC10087690 DOI: 10.1111/all.15440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired microbial development and decreased levels of short chain fatty acids, particularly butyrate, is suggested to have a role in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS Faecal microbiota composition, abundance of selected bacterial groups and fermentation metabolites were compared at 90, 180 and 360 days of life between 27 children who developed AD by age one (AD group), and 39 controls (non-AD group) among the CARE (Childhood AlleRgy, nutrition and Environment) study cohort. RESULTS Diversity within the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phylum in the faecal microbiota was lower in the AD group compared to the non-AD group. Longitudinal analysis showed multiple amplicon sequence variants (ASV) within the same bacterial family to be differentially abundant. Namely, Ruminococcus bromii, a keystone primary starch degrader, and Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin-utilizer, had lower abundance among the AD group. Children with AD were less likely to have high levels of faecal butyrate at 360 days compared to those without AD (11.5% vs 34.2%). At 360 days, children with high abundance of R. bromii had higher level of butyrate as well as lower proportion of children with AD compared to children with low abundance of R. bromii (11.1-12.5% vs 44.4-52.5%), which was independent of the abundance of the major butyrate producers. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that R. bromii and other primary degraders might play an important role in the differences in microbial cross-feeding and metabolite formation between children with and without AD, which may influence the risk of developing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Sasaki
- University Children's Hospital ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Clarissa Schwab
- Department of Biological and Chemical EngineeringAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Laboratory of Food BiotechnologyInstitute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Alejandro Ramirez Garcia
- Laboratory of Food BiotechnologyInstitute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Biological and Chemical EngineeringAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Ruth Ferstl
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE)DavosSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZürichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Eugen Bersuch
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE)DavosSwitzerland
- Children's Hospital of Eastern SwitzerlandSt GallenSwitzerland
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE)DavosSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZürichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Roger Lauener
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE)DavosSwitzerland
- Children's Hospital of Eastern SwitzerlandSt GallenSwitzerland
| | | | - Remo Frei
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE)DavosSwitzerland
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, InselspitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Caroline Roduit
- University Children's Hospital ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE)DavosSwitzerland
- Children's Hospital of Eastern SwitzerlandSt GallenSwitzerland
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Novel Sources of Bioactive Molecules: Gut Microbiome of Species Routinely Exposed to Microorganisms. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080380. [PMID: 35893773 PMCID: PMC9331562 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The majority of antibiotics available in the market are produced by bacteria isolated from soil. However, the low-hanging fruit has been picked; hence, there is a need to mine bacteria from unusual sources. With this in mind, it is important to note that animals and pests, such as cockroaches, snake, crocodiles, water monitor lizards, etc., come across pathogenic bacteria regularly, yet flourish in contaminated environments. These species must have developed methods to defend themselves against pathogens. Besides the immunity they may confer, bacteria associated with animals/pests may offer a potential source of novel antibacterial agents. This paper discusses the current knowledge of bacteria isolated from land and marine animals with antibacterial properties and proposes untapped sources for the isolation of bacteria to mine potentially novel antibiotic molecules. Abstract The development of novel bioactive molecules is urgently needed, especially with increasing fatalities occurring due to infections by bacteria and escalating numbers of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria. Several lines of evidence show that the gut microbiome of cockroaches, snakes, crocodiles, water monitor lizards, and other species may possess molecules that are bioactive. As these animals are routinely exposed to a variety of microorganisms in their natural environments, it is likely that they have developed methods to counter these microbes, which may be a contributing factor in their persistence on the planet for millions of years. In addition to the immune system, the gut microbiota of a host may thwart colonization of the gastro-intestine by pathogenic and/or foreign microorganisms through two mechanisms: (i) production of molecules with antibacterial potential targeting foreign microorganisms, or (ii) production of molecules that trigger host immunity targeting foreign microorganisms that penetrate the host. Herein, we discuss and deliberate on the current literature examining antibacterial activities that stem from the gut bacteria of animals such as crocodiles, cockroaches, and water monitor lizards, amongst other interesting species, which likely encounter a plethora of microorganisms in their natural environments. The overall aim is to unveil a potential library of novel bioactive molecules for the benefit of human health and for utilization against infectious diseases.
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Lopez LR, Ahn JH, Alves T, Arthur JC. Microenvironmental Factors that Shape Bacterial Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:934619. [PMID: 35959366 PMCID: PMC9362432 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.934619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a significant global health problem that involves chronic intestinal inflammation and can involve severe comorbidities, including intestinal fibrosis and inflammation-associated colorectal cancer (CRC). Disease-associated alterations to the intestinal microbiota often include fecal enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae, which are strongly implicated in IBD development. This dysbiosis of intestinal flora accompanies changes in microbial metabolites, shaping host:microbe interactions and disease risk. While there have been numerous studies linking specific bacterial taxa with IBD development, our understanding of microbial function in the context of IBD is limited. Several classes of microbial metabolites have been directly implicated in IBD disease progression, including bacterial siderophores and genotoxins. Yet, our microbiota still harbors thousands of uncharacterized microbial products. In-depth discovery and characterization of disease-associated microbial metabolites is necessary to target these products in IBD treatment strategies. Towards improving our understanding of microbiota metabolites in IBD, it is important to recognize how host relevant factors influence microbiota function. For example, changes in host inflammation status, metal availability, interbacterial community structure, and xenobiotics all play an important role in shaping gut microbial ecology. In this minireview, we outline how each of these factors influences gut microbial function, with a specific focus on IBD-associated Enterobacteriaceae metabolites. Importantly, we discuss how altering the intestinal microenvironment could improve the treatment of intestinal inflammation and associated disorders, like intestinal fibrosis and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey R. Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ju-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Tomaz Alves
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Janelle C. Arthur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Janelle C. Arthur,
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Mattes RD, Rowe SB, Ohlhorst SD, Brown AW, Hoffman DJ, Liska DJ, Feskens EJM, Dhillon J, Tucker KL, Epstein LH, Neufeld LM, Kelley M, Fukagawa NK, Sunde RA, Zeisel SH, Basile AJ, Borth LE, Jackson E. Valuing the Diversity of Research Methods to Advance Nutrition Science. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1324-1393. [PMID: 35802522 PMCID: PMC9340992 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ASN Board of Directors appointed the Nutrition Research Task Force to develop a report on scientific methods used in nutrition science to advance discovery, interpretation, and application of knowledge in the field. The genesis of this report was growing concern about the tone of discourse among nutrition professionals and the implications of acrimony on the productive study and translation of nutrition science. Too often, honest differences of opinion are cast as conflicts instead of areas of needed collaboration. Recognition of the value (and limitations) of contributions from well-executed nutrition science derived from the various approaches used in the discipline, as well as appreciation of how their layering will yield the strongest evidence base, will provide a basis for greater productivity and impact. Greater collaborative efforts within the field of nutrition science will require an understanding that each method or approach has a place and function that should be valued and used together to create the nutrition evidence base. Precision nutrition was identified as an important emerging nutrition topic by the preponderance of task force members, and this theme was adopted for the report because it lent itself to integration of many approaches in nutrition science. Although the primary audience for this report is nutrition researchers and other nutrition professionals, a secondary aim is to develop a document useful for the various audiences that translate nutrition research, including journalists, clinicians, and policymakers. The intent is to promote accurate, transparent, verifiable evidence-based communication about nutrition science. This will facilitate reasoned interpretation and application of emerging findings and, thereby, improve understanding and trust in nutrition science and appropriate characterization, development, and adoption of recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leonard H Epstein
- University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael Kelley
- Michael Kelley Nutrition Science Consulting, Wauwatosa, WI, USA
| | - Naomi K Fukagawa
- USDA Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | | | - Steven H Zeisel
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Kim EJ, Sohn TS, Choi HH, Oh HY, Park SH, Cho YC, Jung JO, Sohn JS, Lee HK, Choi SS, Chae HS. High Levels of Akkermansia muciniphilia Growth Associated With Spring Water Ingestion Prevents Obesity and Hyperglycemia in a High-fat Diet-Induced Mouse Model. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221111037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes may be alleviated by mineral water (MW) ingestion. We investigated whether spring water (SW) (a kind of mixed MW) ingestion influences metabolic parameters via alteration of the gut microbiota in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Method: We divided 32 C57/BL mice into 4 equal groups: normal diet with tap water (Control), high-fat diet with tap water (HFD), normal diet with SW (SW), and high-fat diet with SW (HFD + SW). During this experiment, we checked the body weight (BW) with fasting blood sugar (FBS) every week and all mice were sacrificed in the 17th week to observe serological markers, internal organs, and composition of gut microbiota. Results: The BW of HFD-fed mice was significantly higher than that of mice fed an HFD + SW diet in the early period of the experiment. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) in the HFD group showed a fluctuating pattern compared to the HFD + SW group, and the area under the curve (AUC) value of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was significantly greater in the HFD group than in the HFD + SW group. Serologic markers were not significantly different between the HFD and HFD + SW groups. Histologically, the most severe fatty changes in the liver were observed in the HFD group. Lastly, the gut levels of Akkermansia muciniphilia were 100-fold higher in the HFD + SW group than in the HFD mice. Conclusion: These findings indicate that SW ingestion, and the associated high levels of A muciniphilia growth in the gut, may improve the early stage of obesity and ameliorate HFD-induced hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Jin Kim
- College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Seo Sohn
- College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Choi
- College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hui Yeong Oh
- College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Park
- College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin-Oh Jung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Jeong Sun Sohn
- College of General Education, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hae Kyung Lee
- College of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Hiun Suk Chae
- College of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Guthrie L, Spencer SP, Perelman D, Van Treuren W, Han S, Yu FB, Sonnenburg ED, Fischbach MA, Meyer TW, Sonnenburg JL. Impact of a 7-day homogeneous diet on interpersonal variation in human gut microbiomes and metabolomes. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:863-874.e4. [PMID: 35643079 PMCID: PMC9296065 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota metabolism of dietary compounds generates a vast array of microbiome-dependent metabolites (MDMs), which are highly variable between individuals. The uremic MDMs (uMDMs) phenylacetylglutamine (PAG), p-cresol sulfate (PCS), and indoxyl sulfate (IS) accumulate during renal failure and are associated with poor outcomes. Targeted dietary interventions may reduce toxic MDM generation; however, it is unclear if inter-individual differences in diet or gut microbiome dominantly contribute to MDM variance. Here, we use a 7-day homogeneous average American diet to standardize dietary precursor availability in 21 healthy individuals. During dietary homogeneity, the coefficient of variation in PAG, PCS, and IS (primary outcome) did not decrease, nor did inter-individual variation in most identified metabolites; other microbiome metrics showed no or modest responses to the intervention. Host identity and age are dominant contributors to variability in MDMs. These results highlight the potential need to pair dietary modification with microbial therapies to control MDM profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Guthrie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sean Paul Spencer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dalia Perelman
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Will Van Treuren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Erica D Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael A Fischbach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan-Zuckerburg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy W Meyer
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Justin L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan-Zuckerburg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for Human Microbiome Studies, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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34
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Hua H, Meydan C, Afshin EE, Lili LN, D’Adamo CR, Rickard N, Dudley JT, Price ND, Zhang B, Mason CE. A Wipe-Based Stool Collection and Preservation Kit for Microbiome Community Profiling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889702. [PMID: 35711426 PMCID: PMC9196042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While a range of methods for stool collection exist, many require complicated, self-directed protocols and stool transfer. In this study, we introduce and validate a novel, wipe-based approach to fecal sample collection and stabilization for metagenomics analysis. A total of 72 samples were collected across four different preservation types: freezing at -20°C, room temperature storage, a commercial DNA preservation kit, and a dissolvable wipe used with DESS (dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sodium chloride) solution. These samples were sequenced and analyzed for taxonomic abundance metrics, bacterial metabolic pathway classification, and diversity analysis. Overall, the DESS wipe results validated the use of a wipe-based capture method to collect stool samples for microbiome analysis, showing an R2 of 0.96 for species across all kingdoms, as well as exhibiting a maintenance of Shannon diversity (3.1-3.3) and species richness (151-159) compared to frozen samples. Moreover, DESS showed comparable performance to the commercially available preservation kit (R2 of 0.98), and samples consistently clustered by subject across each method. These data support that the DESS wipe method can be used for stable, room temperature collection and transport of human stool specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- Thorne HealthTech, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cem Meydan
- Thorne HealthTech, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Christopher R. D’Adamo
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Nathan D. Price
- Thorne HealthTech, New York, NY, United States
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Bodi Zhang
- Thorne HealthTech, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Thorne HealthTech, New York, NY, United States
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, New York, NY, United States
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35
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Dai Z. A literature review on plant-based foods and dietary quality in knee osteoarthritis. Eur J Rheumatol 2022; 11. [PMID: 35535585 PMCID: PMC11184961 DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2022.21134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This literature review summarizes the role of plant-based foods and diet quality in osteoarthritis, particularly knee osteoarthritis, in observational studies and clinical trials published during 2015- 2020. The included studies have suggested favorable results on reducing the prevalence, pain, and cartilage changes related to osteoarthritis and inflammatory and oxidation markers such as inter- leukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, and lipid peroxidation. Due to the lack of large lon- gitudinal cohorts to study whole foods or diets concerning knee osteoarthritis, findings from the cross-sectional studies or clinical trials require further validation, particularly in well-designed clinical trials and a more extended follow-up period. Potential mechanisms on the role of plant-based foods in body weight, inflammation, and microbiome were explored to explain their protective associations with osteoarthritis. However, most evidence examining the relationship between the microbiome and osteoarthritis joint pain is conducted in preclinical animal studies, and few observational studies show a positive association between Streptococcus species and local joint inflammation in the knee. Given the close links of plant-based foods on obesity, inflammation, and microbiome, data on the role of whole foods or diets in the change in knee osteoarthritis pain through the lens of microbial composition can provide more certainty regarding the utilization of microbiome as a potential thera- peutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Dai
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
- College of Medicine & Public Health Flinders University, Australia
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Glisic M, Flueck JL, Ruettimann B, Hertig-Godeschalk A, Valido E, Bertolo A, Stucki G, Stoyanov J. The feasibility of a crossover, randomized controlled trial design to assess the effect of probiotics and prebiotics on health of elite Swiss para-athletes: a study protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:94. [PMID: 35477496 PMCID: PMC9044645 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) may cause an autonomic imbalance in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to deficits in colonic motility, mucosal secretions, vascular tone, and an increase of intestinal barrier permeability. Autonomic denervation and factors such as age, physical activity, antibiotic use and stress may cause intestinal bacterial translocation, decreased microbiota diversity, known as gut dysbiosis and thus increase susceptibility to experiencing gastrointestinal discomfort. Probiotic treatment in individuals with SCI may normalize the gut microbiota and improve overall health. We aim to assess the feasibility of probiotic and prebiotic intervention in athletes with SCI and collect information necessary for sample size calculation of a definite trial on improving health outcomes in para-athletes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Elite Swiss para-athletes (aged> 18 years), being shortlisted for the Paralympic Games 2021 in Tokyo or a member of a national team (n = 43), will be invited to participate in this single-center randomized crossover trial. Athletes suffering from chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, those currently taking antibiotics or other medication to alleviate gastro-intestinal complaints will not be eligible to be included in the study. Athletes will be randomized (1:1) to receive for 4 weeks a daily dose of either 3 g of probiotic preparation or 5 g of prebiotic (organic oat bran) supplementation in addition to usual diet, followed by a 4-week washout period or vice versa. The primary outcome is the feasibility of the study, measured by recruitment and dropout rates, feasibility of the measurements, acceptability and adherence to the intervention. Secondary outcomes include gastrointestinal health assessment, diet and training information, handgrip strength, blood diagnostic parameters, and intestinal microbiome characterization. The changes in clinically relevant secondary outcome values will be used to make a power calculation for definite trial. DISCUSSION This pilot trial will address two common challenges in SCI research: the difficulty to recruit enough participants for a sufficiently powered study and the ability to collect data within the limits of a realistic budget and time frame. Upon demonstrated feasibility of the intervention and study procedures, the intervention will be evaluated in a definitive controlled trial comprising a larger sample of para-athletes (elite, engaged, or recreationally active) individuals with a SCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04659408.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Glisic
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 4, CH-6207, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joelle L Flueck
- Sports Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, CH-6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ezra Valido
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 4, CH-6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Bertolo
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 4, CH-6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Gerold Stucki
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 4, CH-6207, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Jivko Stoyanov
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 4, CH-6207, Nottwil, Switzerland. .,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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Kimble R, Gouinguenet P, Ashor A, Stewart C, Deighton K, Matu J, Griffiths A, Malcomson FC, Joel A, Houghton D, Stevenson E, Minihane AM, Siervo M, Shannon OM, Mathers JC. Effects of a mediterranean diet on the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8698-8719. [PMID: 35361035 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2057416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) is associated with reduced risk of numerous non-communicable diseases. Modulation of the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota represents a potential mechanism through which the MedDiet elicits these effects. We conducted a systematic literature search (Prospero registration: CRD42020168977) using PubMed, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscuss, Scopus and CINAHL databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies exploring the impact of a MedDiet on gut microbiota composition (i.e., relative abundance of bacteria or diversity metrics) and metabolites (e.g., short chain fatty acids). Seventeen RCTs and 17 observational studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Risk of bias across the studies was mixed but mainly identified as low and unclear. Overall, RCTs and observational studies provided no clear evidence of a consistent effect of a MedDiet on composition or metabolism of the gut microbiota. These findings may be related to the diverse methods across studies (e.g., MedDiet classification and analytical techniques), cohort characteristics, and variable quality of studies. Further, well-designed studies are warranted to advance understanding of the potential effects of the MedDiet using more detailed examination of microbiota and microbial metabolites with reference to emerging characteristics of a healthy gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Phebee Gouinguenet
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ammar Ashor
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Christopher Stewart
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Jamie Matu
- School of Clinical Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Alex Griffiths
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity & Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Fiona C Malcomson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Abraham Joel
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Houghton
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Stevenson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Giardia duodenalis in a clinically healthy population of captive zoo chimpanzees: Rapid antigen testing, diagnostic real-time PCR and faecal microbiota profiling. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 17:308-318. [PMID: 35342712 PMCID: PMC8943339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common intestinal parasites of humans, with a worldwide distribution. Giardia duodenalis has been reported in both wild and captive populations of non-human primates, namely chimpanzees. In this study we investigated an entire troop of clinically healthy chimpanzees (n = 21) for the presence of G. duodenalis and its association with faecal microbiota profile. Faecal samples (n = 26) were collected from the chimpanzee exhibit from a zoo in Sydney, Australia. Diagnosis of G. duodenalis was made using a Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) as a point-of-care-test and compared to a reference standard real-time PCR test. Approximately half of the chimpanzee faecal samples tested positive for G. duodenalis by both RAT (13/26, 50%) and real-time PCR (14/26, 53.85%). The RAT sensitivity was 85.7% (95% CI: 63.8%–96%) and specificity was 91.7% (95% CI: 68.3%–99%) when compared to the in-house real-time PCR. Genotyping of the samples revealed the presence of zoonotic assemblage B. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of Troglodytella spp. (14/26), Balantioides sp. (syn. Balantidium sp.) (8/26) as well as Entamoeba spp. (3/26). Microbiota profile based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the community was significantly different between G. duodenalis positive and negative samples if RAT results were taken into an account, but not real-time PCR diagnostics results. Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi were the significant features in the dataset that separated G. duodenalis positive and negative samples using LEfSe analysis. Being able to rapidly test for G. duodenalis in captive populations of primates assists in point-of-care diagnostics and may better identify animals with subclinical disease. Under the investigated conditions of the zoo setting, however, presence of G. duodenalis either detected by RAT or real-time PCR was not associated with clinically apparent disease in captive chimpanzees. Whole troop investigation of healthy captive chimpanzees for Giardia duodenalis. Whole chimpanzee troop faecal microbiota profiled. Diagnosing G. duodenalis with Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) as a point-of-care-test. Comparison of RAT and reference real-time PCR test. Presence of G. duodenalis assemblage B.
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Stasiewicz B, Wadolowska L, Biernacki M, Slowinska MA, Stachowska E. Dietary Fat Intake: Associations with Dietary Patterns and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer-A Case-Control Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1724. [PMID: 35406496 PMCID: PMC8997044 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the associations of dietary fat intake with BC occurrence and dietary patterns. This case-control study involved 420 women aged 40−79 years from northeastern Poland, including 190 newly diagnosed BC cases. Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire (62-item FFQ-6®). The Quick Food Scan of the National Cancer Institute and the Percentage Energy from Fat Screener scoring procedures were used to estimate the percentage energy from dietary fat (Pfat). The odds of BC occurrence was three times higher in the Pfat > 32%. The Pfat > 32% was positively associated with the ‘Non-Healthy’ DP and inversely associated with the Polish-aMED® score, ‘Prudent’ DP, and ‘Margarine and Sweetened Dairy’ DP. This case-control study suggests that a higher dietary fat intake (>32%) may contribute to an increased occurrence of peri- and postmenopausal breast cancer in women. Given the obtained results, an unhealthy dietary pattern characterized by the consumption of highly processed, high in sugar foods and animal fat foods should be avoided to reduce fat intake. Instead, the frequent consumption of low-processed plant foods, fish, and moderate consumption of low-fat dairy should be recommended since this pro-healthy diet is inversely associated with dietary fat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Stasiewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45f, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.W.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Lidia Wadolowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45f, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.W.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Maciej Biernacki
- Department of Surgery, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Anna Slowinska
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45f, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (L.W.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
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40
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Redefining microglia states: Lessons and limits of human and mouse models to study microglia states in neurodegenerative diseases. Semin Immunol 2022; 60:101651. [PMID: 36155944 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are resident macrophages of the brain parenchyma and play an essential role in various aspects of brain development, plasticity, and homeostasis. With recent advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing, heterogeneous microglia transcriptional states have been identified in both animal models of neurodegenerative disorders and patients. However, the functional roles of these microglia states remain unclear; specifically, the question of whether individual states or combinations of states are protective or detrimental (or both) in the context of disease progression. To attempt to answer this, the field has largely relied on studies employing mouse models, human in vitro and chimeric models, and human post-mortem tissue, all of which have their caveats, but used in combination can enable new biological insight and validation of candidate disease pathways and mechanisms. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of disease-associated microglia states and phenotypes in neurodegenerative disorders, discuss important considerations when comparing mouse and human microglia states and functions, and identify areas of microglia biology where species differences might limit our understanding of microglia state.
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Leeming ER, Mompeo O, Turk P, Bowyer RCE, Louca P, Johnson AJ, Spector TD, Le Roy C, Gibson R. Characterisation, procedures and heritability of acute dietary intake in the Twins UK cohort: an observational study. Nutr J 2022; 21:13. [PMID: 35220977 PMCID: PMC8883626 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimated food records (EFR) are a common dietary assessment method. This investigation aimed to; (1) define the reporting quality of the EFR, (2) characterise acute dietary intake and eating behaviours, (3) describe diet heritability. METHODS A total of 1974 one-day EFR were collected from 1858 participants in the TwinsUK cohort between 2012 and 2017. EFR were assessed using a six-point scoring system to determine reporting quality. The frequency and co-occurrence of food items was examined using word clouds and co-occurrence networks. The impact of eating behaviours on weight, BMI and nutrient intake were explored using mixed-effect linear regression models. Finally, diet heritability was estimated using ACE modelling. RESULTS We observed that 75% of EFR are of acceptable reporting quality (score > 5). Black tea and semi-skimmed milk were the most consumed items, on an individual basis (respectively 8.27, 6.25%) and paired (0.21%) as co-occurring items. Breakfast consumption had a significantly (p = 5.99 × 10- 7) greater impact on energy (kcal) (mean 1874.67 (±SD 532.42)) than skipping breakfast (1700.45 (±SD 620.98)), however only length of eating window was significantly associated with body weight (kg) (effect size 0.21 (±SD 0.10), p = 0.05) and BMI (effect size 0.08 (±SD 0.04), p = 0.04) after adjustment for relevant covariates. Lastly, we reported that both length of eating window (h2 = 33%, CI 0.24; 0.41), and breakfast consumption (h2 = 11%, CI 0.02; 0.21) were weakly heritable. CONCLUSIONS EFR describing acute dietary intake allow for eating behaviour characterisation and can supplement habitual diet intake assessments. Novel findings of heritability warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Leeming
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Olatz Mompeo
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | | | - Ruth C E Bowyer
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Panayiotis Louca
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Abigail J Johnson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Caroline Le Roy
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Rachel Gibson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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Louca P, Nogal A, Mompeo O, Christofidou P, Gibson R, Spector TD, Berry SE, Valdes AM, Mangino M, Menni C. Body mass index mediates the effect of the DASH diet on hypertension: Common metabolites underlying the association. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 35:214-222. [PMID: 34699106 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is beneficial in reducing blood pressure; however, this may be a consequence of concurrent weight reduction. In the present study, we investigated whether body mass index (BMI) mediates the association between the DASH diet and hypertension and investigate common metabolic pathways. METHODS We included 2424 females from the cross-sectional TwinsUK cohort, with blood pressure, BMI and dietary intake measured within 1.01 (SD = 0.68) years and serum metabolomics profiling (591 metabolites). We constructed a mediation model to test the mediation effects of BMI on the total effect of the DASH diet on hypertension. To identify a metabolite panel associated with the DASH diet and BMI, we built random forest models for each trait, and selected the common metabolic contributors using five-fold cross-validation error. RESULTS We found that BMI fully mediates the association between the DASH diet and hypertension, explaining 39.1% of the variance in hypertension. We then identified a panel of six common metabolites predicting both the DASH diet and BMI with opposing effects. Interestingly, at the univariate level, the metabolites were also associated with hypertension in the same direction as BMI. The strongest feature, 1-nonadecanoyl-GPC (19:0), was positively associated with the DASH diet (β [SE] = 0.65 [0.12]) and negatively with BMI (β [SE] = -1.34 [0.12]) and hypertension (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval = 0.6-0.84). CONCLUSIONS We highlight the role of BMI in the mechanisms by which the DASH diet influences hypertension and also highlight common metabolic pathways. Further studies should investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms to increase our understanding of the beneficial ways of treating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Nogal
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Olatz Mompeo
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Rachel Gibson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Berry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK.,Academic Rheumatology Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK
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De Filippis F, Esposito A, Ercolini D. Outlook on next-generation probiotics from the human gut. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:76. [PMID: 35043293 PMCID: PMC11073307 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics currently available on the market generally belong to a narrow range of microbial species. However, recent studies about the importance of the gut microbial commensals on human health highlighted that the gut microbiome is an unexplored reservoir of potentially beneficial microbes. For this reason, academic and industrial research is focused on identifying and testing novel microbial strains of gut origin for the development of next-generation probiotics. Although several of these are promising for the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases, studies on human subjects are still scarce and approval from regulatory agencies is, therefore, rare. In addition, some issues need to be overcome before implementing their wide application on the market, such as the best methods for cultivation and storage of these oxygen-sensitive taxa. This review summarizes the most recent evidence related to NGPs and provides an outlook to the main issues that still limit their wide employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Esposito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Ceccarani C, Viganò I, Ottaviano E, Redaelli MG, Severgnini M, Vignoli A, Borghi E. Is Gut Microbiota a Key Player in Epilepsy Onset? A Longitudinal Study in Drug-Naive Children. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:749509. [PMID: 34926315 PMCID: PMC8677705 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.749509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota alterations have been recently investigated in individuals with epilepsy and in other neurological diseases as environmental factors that play a role, by acting through the gut-brain axis, in the pathological process. Most studies focus on the contribution of bacterial communities in refractory epilepsy and suggest a beneficial role of ketogenic diet in modulating the gut microbiota and seizure occurrence. However, they do not evaluate whether epilepsy itself alters the gut microbiota in these patients or if the gut microbial communities could contribute as a seizure trigger. In this pilot study, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing and investigated the gut microbial communities of eight children at their seizure onset and after anti-seizure was started (one year follow-up) and we compared microbial data with seven healthy children, age- and sex-matched. In drug-naive subjects, we observed a microbial signature that shared several features with those reported in refractory epilepsy, such as an increased abundance in Akkermansia spp. and Proteobacteria and a decreased relative abundance in Faecalibacterium spp.We suggest that a bacterial-mediated proinflammatory milieu could contribute to seizure occurrence in children with new onset of epilepsy, as already reported for individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy, and that it could vary during treatment in those who are drug-responsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Ceccarani
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy
| | - Ilaria Viganò
- Epilepsy Centre, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Santi Paolo Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Gaia Redaelli
- Epilepsy Centre, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Santi Paolo Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy
| | - Aglaia Vignoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano (ASST GOM) Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Sabater C, Calvete-Torre I, Villamiel M, Moreno FJ, Margolles A, Ruiz L. Vegetable waste and by-products to feed a healthy gut microbiota: Current evidence, machine learning and computational tools to design novel microbiome-targeted foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Temporal Transcriptomics of Gut Escherichia coli in Caenorhabditis elegans Models of Aging. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0049821. [PMID: 34523995 PMCID: PMC8557943 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00498-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-bacterial interactions over the course of aging are understudied due to complexities of the human microbiome and challenges of collecting samples that span a lifetime. To investigate the role of host-microbial interactions in aging, we performed transcriptomics using wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans (N2) and three long-lived mutants (daf-2, eat-2, and asm-3) fed Escherichia coli OP50 and sampled at days 5, 7.5, and 10 of adulthood. We found host age is a better predictor of the E. coli expression profiles than host genotype. Specifically, host age was associated with clustering (permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA], P = 0.001) and variation (Adonis, P = 0.001, R2 = 11.5%) among E. coli expression profiles, whereas host genotype was not (PERMANOVA, P > 0.05; Adonis, P > 0.05, R2 = 5.9%). Differential analysis of the E. coli transcriptome yielded 22 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and 100 KEGG genes enriched when samples were grouped by time point [LDA, linear discriminant analysis; log(LDA), ≥2; P ≤ 0.05], including several involved in biofilm formation. Coexpression analysis of host and bacterial genes yielded six modules of C. elegans genes that were coexpressed with one bacterial regulator gene over time. The three most significant bacterial regulators included genes relating to biofilm formation, lipopolysaccharide production, and thiamine biosynthesis. Age was significantly associated with clustering and variation among transcriptomic samples, supporting the idea that microbes are active and plastic within C. elegans throughout life. Coexpression analysis further revealed interactions between E. coli and C. elegans that occurred over time, building on a growing literature of host-microbial interactions. IMPORTANCE Previous research has reported effects of the microbiome on health span and life span of Caenorhabditis elegans, including interactions with evolutionarily conserved pathways in humans. We build on this literature by reporting the gene expression of Escherichia coli OP50 in wild-type (N2) and three long-lived mutants of C. elegans. The manuscript represents the first study, to our knowledge, to perform temporal host-microbial transcriptomics in the model organism C. elegans. Understanding changes to the microbial transcriptome over time is an important step toward elucidating host-microbial interactions and their potential relationship to aging. We found that age was significantly associated with clustering and variation among transcriptomic samples, supporting the idea that microbes are active and plastic within C. elegans throughout life. Coexpression analysis further revealed interactions between E. coli and C. elegans that occurred over time, which contributes to our growing knowledge about host-microbial interactions.
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Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Pugliese G, Graziadio C, Maisto M, Pivari F, Falco A, Tenore GC, Colao A, Savastano S. Association of the Chronotype Score with Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Concentrations. Nutrients 2021; 13:1671. [PMID: 34069075 PMCID: PMC8156852 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in the chronotype, an attitude that best expresses the individual circadian preference in behavioral and biological rhythms, have been associated with cardiometabolic risk and gut dysbiosis. Up to now, there are no studies evaluating the association between chronotypes and circulating TMAO concentrations, a predictor of cardiometabolic risk and a useful marker of gut dysbiosis. In this study population (147 females and 100 males), subjects with the morning chronotype had the lowest BMI and waist circumference (p < 0.001), and a better metabolic profile compared to the other chronotypes. In addition, the morning chronotype had the highest adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p < 0.001) and the lowest circulating TMAO concentrations (p < 0.001). After adjusting for BMI and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the correlation between circulating TMAO concentrations and chronotype score was still kept (r = -0.627, p < 0.001). Using a linear regression analysis, higher chronotype scores were mostly associated with lower circulating TMAO concentrations (β = -0.479, t = -12.08, and p < 0.001). Using a restricted cubic spline analysis, we found that a chronotype score ≥59 (p < 0.001, R2 = -0.824) demonstrated a more significant inverse linear relationship with circulating TMAO concentrations compared with knots <59 (neither chronotype) and <41 (evening chronotype). The current study reported the first evidence that higher circulating TMAO concentrations were associated with the evening chronotype that, in turn, is usually linked to an unhealthy lifestyle mostly characterized by low adherence to the MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, 80143 Napoli, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione alla Salute e allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Graziadio
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Maria Maisto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Francesca Pivari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea Falco
- Department of Science and Technology (DST), Università del Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.T.)
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione alla Salute e allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (G.P.); (C.G.); (A.C.); (S.S.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Mohr AE, Gumpricht E, Sears DD, Sweazea KL. Recent advances and health implications of dietary fasting regimens on the gut microbiome. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G847-G863. [PMID: 33729005 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00475.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction is a primary dietary intervention demonstrated over many decades in cellular and animal models to modulate aging pathways, positively affect age-associated diseases and, in clinical studies, to promote beneficial health outcomes. Because long-term compliance with daily calorie restriction has proven problematic in humans several intermittent fasting regimens, including alternate day fasting and time-restricted feeding, have evolved revealing similar clinical benefits as calorie restriction. Despite significant research on the cellular and physiological mechanisms contributing to, and responsible for, these observed benefits, relatively little research has investigated the impact of these various fasting protocols on the gut microbiome (GM). Reduced external nutrient supply to the gut may beneficially alter the composition and function of a "fed" gut microflora. Indeed, the prevalent, obesogenic Western diet can promote deleterious changes in the GM, signaling intermediates involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, and immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract. This review describes recent preclinical and clinical effects of varying fasting regimens on GM composition and associated physiology. Although the number of preclinical and clinical interventions are limited, significant data thus far suggest fasting interventions impact GM composition and physiology. However, there are considerable heterogeneities of study design, methodological considerations, and practical implications. Ongoing research on the health impact of fasting regimens on GM modulation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona.,Isagenix International LLC, Gilbert, Arizona
| | | | - Dorothy D Sears
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Karen L Sweazea
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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Thompson HJ, Levitt JO, McGinley JN, Chandler P, Guenther PM, Huybrechts I, Playdon MC. Measuring Dietary Botanical Diversity as a Proxy for Phytochemical Exposure. Nutrients 2021; 13:1295. [PMID: 33919845 PMCID: PMC8070776 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of natural plant molecules and their medicinal properties, pharmacognosy, provides a taxonomy for botanical families that represent diverse chemical groupings with potentially distinct functions in relation to human health. Yet, this reservoir of knowledge has not been systematically applied to elucidating the role of patterns of plant food consumption on gut microbial ecology and function. All chemical classes of dietary phytochemicals can affect the composition of the microbes that colonize the gut and their function. In turn, the gut microbiome affects the host via multiple mechanisms including gut barrier function, immune function, satiety and taste regulation and the activity of biological signaling pathways that influence health and disease. Herein, we report the development of a botanical diversity index (BDI) to evaluate plant food consumption as a novel metric for identifying and quantifying phytochemicals to which an individual is exposed. A rationale is advanced for using the BDI to investigate how plant food diversity impacts gut microbial ecology and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J. Thompson
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Jack O. Levitt
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (J.O.L.); (P.M.G.)
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - John N. McGinley
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Paulette Chandler
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Patricia M. Guenther
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (J.O.L.); (P.M.G.)
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Mary C. Playdon
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (J.O.L.); (P.M.G.)
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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