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Rao A, Gupta A, Kain V, Halade GV. Extrinsic and intrinsic modulators of inflammation-resolution signaling in heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H433-H448. [PMID: 37417877 PMCID: PMC10538986 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00276.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic and uncleared inflammation is the root cause of various cardiovascular diseases. Fundamentally, acute inflammation is supportive when overlapping with safe clearance of inflammation termed resolution; however, if the lifestyle-directed extrinsic factors such as diet, sleep, exercise, or physical activity are misaligned, that results in unresolved inflammation. Although genetics play a critical role in cardiovascular health, four extrinsic risk factors-unhealthy processed diet, sleep disruption or fragmentation, sedentary lifestyle, thereby, subsequent stress-have been identified as heterogeneous and polygenic triggers of heart failure (HF), which can result in several complications with indications of chronic inflammation. Extrinsic risk factors directly impact endogenous intrinsic factors, such as using fatty acids by immune-responsive enzymes [lipoxygenases (LOXs)/cyclooxygenases (COXs)/cytochromes-P450 (CYP450)] to form resolution mediators that activate specific resolution receptors. Thus, the balance of extrinsic factors such as diet, sleep, and physical activity feed-forward the coordination of intrinsic factors such as fatty acids-enzymes-bioactive lipid receptors that modulates the immune defense, metabolic health, inflammation-resolution signaling, and cardiac health. Future research on lifestyle- and aging-associated molecular patterns is warranted in the context of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, immune fitness, inflammation-resolution signaling, and cardiac health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Rao
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Akul Gupta
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
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2
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Effect of omega-3 ethyl esters on the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein response to endotoxin challenge in healthy young men. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100353. [PMID: 36907552 PMCID: PMC10123374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are produced enzymatically from polyunsaturated fatty acids, are abundant in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL), and mediate inflammatory processes. Inflammation elevates TGRL concentrations, but it is unknown if the fatty acid and oxylipin composition change. In this study, we investigated the effects of prescription ω-3 acid ethyl esters (P-OM3; 3.4 g/d EPA + DHA) on the lipid response to an endotoxin challenge (lipopolysaccharide (LPS); 0.6 ng/kg body weight). Healthy young men (N=17) were assigned 8-12 weeks of P-OM3 and olive oil control in a randomized order crossover study. Following each treatment period, subjects received endotoxin challenge, and the time-dependent TGRL composition was observed. Post-challenge, arachidonic acid (AA) was 16% [95% CI: 4%, 28%] lower than baseline at 8 hours with control. P-OM3 increased TGRL ω-3 fatty acids (EPA 24% [15%, 34%]; DHA 14% [5%, 24%]). The timing of ω-6 oxylipin responses differed by class; AA-derived alcohols peaked at 2 hrs, while linoleic acid (LA)-derived alcohols peaked at 4 hrs (pint = 0.006). P-OM3 increased EPA alcohols by 161% [68%, 305%] and DHA epoxides by 178% [47%, 427%] at 4 hrs compared to control. In conclusion, this study shows that TGRL fatty acid and oxylipin composition changes following endotoxin challenge. P-OM3 alters the TGRL response by increasing availability of ω-3 oxylipins for resolution of the inflammatory response.
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3
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Classes of Lipid Mediators and Their Effects on Vascular Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021637. [PMID: 36675152 PMCID: PMC9863938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly believed that the inactivation of inflammation is mainly due to the decay or cessation of inducers. In reality, in connection with the development of atherosclerosis, spontaneous decay of inducers is not observed. It is now known that lipid mediators originating from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are important constituents of all cell membranes, can act in the inflamed tissue and bring it to resolution. In fact, PUFAs, such as arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are precursors to both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory compounds. In this review, we describe the lipid mediators of vascular inflammation and resolution, and their biochemical activity. In addition, we highlight data from the literature that often show a worsening of atherosclerotic disease in subjects deficient in lipid mediators of inflammation resolution, and we also report on the anti-proteasic and anti-thrombotic properties of these same lipid mediators. It should be noted that despite promising data observed in both animal and in vitro studies, contradictory clinical results have been observed for omega-3 PUFAs. Many further studies will be required in order to clarify the observed conflicts, although lifestyle habits such as smoking or other biochemical factors may often influence the normal synthesis of lipid mediators of inflammation resolution.
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4
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Zhang Y, Gao L, Yao B, Huang S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Liu Z, Wang X. Role of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in cardiovascular diseases and cardiotoxicity of drugs. Life Sci 2022; 310:121122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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5
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Welch BM, McNell EE, Edin ML, Ferguson KK. Inflammation and oxidative stress as mediators of the impacts of environmental exposures on human pregnancy: Evidence from oxylipins. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108181. [PMID: 35367517 PMCID: PMC9525454 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress play major roles in healthy and pathological pregnancy. Environmental exposure to chemical pollutants may adversely affect maternal and fetal health in pregnancy by dysregulating these critical underlying processes of inflammation and oxidative stress. Oxylipins are bioactive lipids that play a major role in regulating inflammation and increasing lines of evidence point towards an importance in pregnancy. The biosynthetic production of oxylipins requires oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can occur through several well-characterized enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways. This review describes the state of the science of epidemiologic evidence on oxylipin production in pregnancy and its association with 1) key pregnancy outcomes and 2) environmental exposures. We searched PubMed for studies of pregnancy that measured one or more oxylipin analytes during pregnancy or delivery. We evaluated oxylipin associations with three categories of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, preterm birth, and fetal growth restriction, along with several categories of environmental pollutants. The majority of studies evaluated one to two oxylipins, most of which focused on oxylipins produced from nonenzymatic processes of oxidative stress. However, an increasing number of recent studies have leveraged technological advancements to profile a large number of oxylipins produced from distinct biosynthetic pathways. Although the literature indicated robust evidence that oxylipins produced via nonenzymatic pathways are associated with pregnancy outcomes and environmental exposures, evidence for enzymatically produced oxylipins showed that associations may differ between biosynthetic pathways. Along with summarizing this evidence, we review promising therapeutic options to regulate oxylipin production and provide a set of recommendations for future epidemiologic studies in these research areas. Further evidence is needed to improve our understanding of how oxylipins may act as key biological mediators for the adverse effects of environmental pollutants on pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett M Welch
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Erin E McNell
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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6
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Lemaitre RN, Jensen PN, Zeigler M, Fretts AM, Umans JG, Howard BV, Sitlani CM, McKnight B, Gharib SA, King IB, Siscovick DS, Psaty BM, Sotoodehnia N, Totah RA. Plasma epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and diabetes-related cardiovascular disease: The cardiovascular health study. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104189. [PMID: 35930887 PMCID: PMC9356248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are metabolites of arachidonic acid that may impact atherosclerosis, and animal experimental studies suggest EETs protect cardiac function. Plasma EETs are mostly esterified to phospholipids and part of an active pool. To address the limited information about EETs and CVD in humans, we conducted a prospective study of total plasma EETs (free + esterified) and diabetes-related CVD in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Methods We measured 4 EET species and their metabolites, dihydroxyepoxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), in plasma samples from 892 CHS participants with type 2 diabetes. We determined the association of EETs and DHETs with incident myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke using Cox regression. Findings During follow-up (median 7.5 years), we identified 150 MI and 134 ischemic strokes. In primary, multivariable analyses, elevated levels of each EET species were associated with non-significant lower risk of incident MI (for example, hazard ratio for 1 SD higher 14,15-EET: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.72–1.02; p=0.08). The EETs-MI associations became significant in analyses further adjusted for DHETs (hazard ratio for 1 SD higher 14,15-EET adjusted for 14,15-DHET: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63–0.91; p=0.004). Elevated EET levels were associated with higher risk of ischemic stroke in primary but not secondary analyses. Three DHET species were associated with higher risk of ischemic stroke in all analyses. Interpretation Findings from this prospective study complement the extensive studies in animal models showing EETs protect cardiac function and provide new information in humans. Replication is needed to confirm the associations. Funding US National Institutes of Health.
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McGurk KA, Farrell L, Kendall AC, Keavney BD, Nicolaou A. Genetic analyses of circulating PUFA-derived mediators identifies heritable dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid species. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 160:106638. [PMID: 35472599 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Estimates of heritability are the first step in identifying a trait with substantial variation due to genetic factors. Large-scale genetic analyses can identify the DNA variants that influence the levels of circulating lipid species and the statistical technique Mendelian randomisation can use these DNA variants to address potential causality of these lipids in disease. We estimated the heritability of plasma eicosanoids, octadecanoids and docosanoids to identify those lipid species with substantial heritability. We analysed plasma lipid mediators in 31 White British families (196 participants) ascertained for high blood pressure and deeply clinically and biochemically phenotyped over a 25-year period. We found that the dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET) species, 11,12-DHET and 14,15-DHET, products of arachidonic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), exhibited substantial heritability (h2 = 33%-37%; Padj<0.05). Identification of these two heritable bioactive lipid species allows for future large-scale, targeted, lipidomics-genomics analyses to address causality in cardiovascular and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A McGurk
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Farrell
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexandra C Kendall
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Bernard D Keavney
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Laboratory for Lipidomics and Lipid Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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8
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Alkayed NJ, Cao Z, Qian ZY, Nagarajan S, Liu X, Nelson JW, Xie F, Li B, Fan W, Liu L, Grafe MR, Davis CM, Xiao X, Barnes AP, Kaul S. Control of Coronary Vascular Resistance by Eicosanoids via a Novel GPCR. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1011-C1021. [PMID: 35385329 PMCID: PMC9255704 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00454.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid metabolites epoxyeicosatrienoates (EETs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETEs) are important regulators of myocardial blood flow and coronary vascular resistance (CVR), but their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. We applied a chemoproteomics strategy using a clickable photoaffinity probe to identify G protein coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) as a microvascular smooth muscle cell (mVSMC) receptor selective for two endogenous eicosanoids, 15-HETE and 14,15-EET, which act on the receptor to oppose each other's activity. The former increases mVSMC intracellular calcium via GPR39 and augments coronary microvascular resistance, and the latter inhibits these actions. Furthermore, we find that the efficacy of both ligands is potentiated by zinc acting as an allosteric modulator. Measurements of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) in GPR39-null hearts using the Langendorff preparation indicate the receptor senses these eicosanoids to regulate microvascular tone. These results implicate GPR39 as an eicosanoid receptor and key regulator of myocardial tissue perfusion. Our findings will have a major impact on understanding the roles of eicosanoids in cardiovascular physiology and disease and provide an opportunity for the development of novel GPR39-targeting therapies for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Zhiping Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Zu Yuan Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Shanthi Nagarajan
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Xuehong Liu
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jonathan W Nelson
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Fuchun Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Bingbing Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Marjorie R Grafe
- DDepartment of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Catherine M Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Xiangshu Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States.,The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Anthony P Barnes
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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9
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He Z, Wang DW. The roles of eicosanoids in myocardial diseases. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 97:167-200. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Cyp2c44 epoxygenase-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in vascular smooth muscle cells elicit vasoconstriction of the murine ophthalmic artery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18764. [PMID: 34548575 PMCID: PMC8455677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) signalling pathway has been shown to play a vital role in the vasoreactivity of wild type mouse ophthalmic artery. In this study, we determined the expression, vascular responses and potential mechanisms of the CYP-derived arachidonic acid metabolites. The expression of murine CYP (Cyp2c44) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in the wild type ophthalmic artery was determined with immunofluorescence, which showed predominant expression of Cyp2c44 in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), while sEH was found mainly in the endothelium of the wild type ophthalmic artery. Artery of Cyp2c44-/- and sEH-/- mice were used as negative controls. Targeted mass spectrometry-based lipidomics analysis of endogenous epoxide and diols of the wild type artery detected only 14, 15-EET. Vasorelaxant responses of isolated vessels in response to selective pharmacological blockers and agonist were analysed ex vivo. Direct antagonism of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) with a selective inhibitor caused partial vasodilation, suggesting that EETs may behave as vasoconstrictors. Exogenous administration of synthetic EET regioisomers significantly constricted the vessels in a concentration-dependent manner, with the strongest responses elicited by 11, 12- and 14, 15-EETs. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that Cyp2c44-derived EETs in the VSMC mediate vasoconstriction of the ophthalmic artery.
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11
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Lai J, Chen C. The Role of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids in Cardiac Remodeling. Front Physiol 2021; 12:642470. [PMID: 33716791 PMCID: PMC7943617 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.642470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are metabolites of arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases, which include four regioisomers: 5,6-EET, 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, and 14,15-EET. Each of them possesses beneficial effects against inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis, which could combat cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have demonstrated that elevation of EETs by overexpression of CYP2J2, inhibition of sEH, or treatment with EET analogs showed protective effects in various cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. As is known to all, cardiac remodeling is the major pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. This review will begin with the introduction of EETs and their protective effects in cardiovascular diseases. In the following, the roles of EETs in cardiac remodeling, with a particular emphasis on myocardial hypertrophy, apoptosis, fibrosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis, will be summarized. Finally, it is suggested that upregulation of EETs is a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases. The EET-related drug development against cardiac remodeling is also discussed, including the overexpression of CYP2J2, inhibition of sEH, and the analogs of EET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Pathak AS, Rojas M, Stouffer GA. Expression of Cyr61 in ApoE -/- mice with chronic unilateral renal artery ligation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3606. [PMID: 33574403 PMCID: PMC7878479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyr61 is a member of the CCN family of proteins that is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and regulated by angiotensin II. It is unknown whether renal artery stenosis (RAS) increases Cyr61 expression. Male ApoE−/− mice were randomized to surgically induced RAS, RAS + treatment with either irbesartan, aliskiren or amlodipine or sham-surgery. RAS resulted in increased plasma angiotensin II levels, a mild, sustained increase in systolic blood pressure and increased aortic lipid deposition compared to sham-surgery. Surgically induced RAS led to the formation of atheroma in the infrarenal aorta and there was consistent and intense staining for Cyr61 within the atheroma. Treatment with irbesartan, aliskiren and amlodipine were associated with decreased aortic lipid deposition and decreased staining for Cyr61 in aortic atheroma. Serum levels of Cyr61 were not increased in mice or humans with RAS. In summary, Cyr61 expression in aortic atheroma but not serum is increased by RAS in ApoE−/− mice and is reduced by agents that lower blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alokkumar S Pathak
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - George A Stouffer
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7075, USA.
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13
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Walker RE, Savinova OV, Pedersen TL, Newman JW, Shearer GC. Effects of inflammation and soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition on oxylipin composition of very low-density lipoproteins in isolated perfused rat livers. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14480. [PMID: 33625776 PMCID: PMC7903942 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids that mediate cardiovascular health by attenuation of inflammation, vascular tone, hemostasis, and thrombosis. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) contain oxylipins, but it is unknown whether the liver regulates their concentrations. In this study, we used a perfused liver model to observe the effect of inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition (sEHi) on VLDL oxylipins. A compartmental model of deuterium-labeled linoleic acid and palmitic acid incorporation into VLDL was also developed to assess the dependence of VLDL oxylipins on fatty acid incorporation rates. LPS decreased the total fatty acid VLDL content by 30% [6%,47%], and decreased final concentration of several oxylipins by a similar amount (13-HOTrE, 35% [4%,55%], -1.3 nM; 9(10)-EpODE, 29% [3%,49%], -2.0 nM; 15(16)-EpODE, 29% [2%,49%], -1.6 nM; AA-derived diols, 32% [5%,52%], -2.4 nM; 19(20)-DiHDPA, 31% [7%,50%], -1.0 nM). However, the EPA-derived epoxide, 17(18)-EpETE, was decreased by 75% [49%,88%], (-0.52 nM) with LPS, double the suppression of other oxylipins. sEHi increased final concentration of DHA epoxide, 16(17)-EpDPE, by 99% [35%,193%], (2.0 nM). Final VLDL-oxylipin concentrations with LPS treatment were not correlated with linoleic acid kinetics, suggesting they were independently regulated under inflammatory conditions. We conclude that the liver regulates oxylipin incorporation into VLDL, and the oxylipin content is altered by LPS challenge and by inhibition of the epoxide hydrolase pathway. This provides evidence for delivery of systemic oxylipin signals by VLDL transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Walker
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Olga V. Savinova
- Department of Biomedical SciencesNew York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNYUSA
- Sanford ResearchUniversity of South DakotaSioux FallsSDUSA
| | - Theresa L. Pedersen
- Advanced AnalyticsDavisCAUSA
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - John W. Newman
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
- Obesity and Metabolism Research UnitWestern Human Nutrition Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUS Department of AgricultureDavisCAUSA
| | - Gregory C. Shearer
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
- Sanford ResearchUniversity of South DakotaSioux FallsSDUSA
- Sanford School of MedicineUniversity of South DakotaSioux FallsSDUSA
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14
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Kato Y, Senda A, Mukai Y, Yamashita M, Sasaoka Y, Hanada M, Hongo F, Hirokami M, Rane A, Inotsume N, Toda T. Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers on serum levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids in patients admitted to a cardiovascular center. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 77:887-894. [PMID: 33409683 PMCID: PMC8128744 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-03061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Several clinical studies have demonstrated that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, but not angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), reduce the risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. We found that ARBs inhibited the activity of various cytochrome enzymes in arachidonic acid metabolism, resulting in decreased in vitro production of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which exhibit vasodilation and anti-inflammatory effects, and their subsequent metabolites, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). The present study examined the effects of ARBs on serum levels of EETs and DHETs in patients admitted to a cardiovascular center. Methods A total of 223 patients were enrolled, of which 107 were exposed to ARBs in this study. ARB-free individuals were defined as the control group (n = 116). Serum levels of EETs and DHETs were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Multiple linear regression analyses were carried out to identify covariates for total serum levels of EETs and DHETs. Results A significant negative association was observed between ARB use and serum EET and DHET levels (p = 0.034), whereas a significant positive association was observed between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum EET and DHET levels (p = 0.007). The median serum total EET and DHET level in the ARB group tended to become lower than that in the control group, although the difference was not significant. Conclusion ARB use and eGFR were significantly associated with total serum levels of EETs and DHETs. Our results suggest that ARBs could affect the concentration of EETs in vivo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00228-020-03061-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asuna Senda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Mukai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miki Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Sasaoka
- Department of Pharmacy, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Sapporo Keijinkai Rehabilitation Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Minayo Hanada
- Department of Pharmacy, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fuminori Hongo
- Department of Pharmacy, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Anders Rane
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nobuo Inotsume
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan.,Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaki Toda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan.
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15
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Rouver WDN, Ferreira CRS, Delgado NTB, Santos RLD. Surgically induced deficiency of sex hormones modulates coronary vasodilation by estradiol in hypertension. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:215-223. [PMID: 34005843 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effect of oestrogen in hormonal dysfunction is not clear, especially in the coronary vascular bed. This study aimed at estradiol action (E2) in the coronary vascular bed from sham-operated and gonadectomized female and male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS Male and female SHRs had their mean arterial pressure (MAP) and baseline coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) determined. The effects of E2 (10 μM) were evaluated in isolated hearts by in bolus infusion before and after endothelium denudation (0.25 μM sodium deoxycholate) or perfusion with 100 μM NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 2.8 μM indomethacin, 0.75 μM clotrimazole, L-NAME after endothelium denudation, L-NAME plus indomethacin, or 4 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA). RESULTS MAP was higher in males than in females, with gonadectomy increasing in females and reducing in males. CPP was higher in female group, remaining unaltered after gonadectomy. E2-induced vasorelaxation was observed in all groups, with no differences having been found between sexes even after gonadectomy. Perfusion with TEA, L-NAME, L-NAME plus indomethacin, and L-NAME after endothelium removal attenuated the relaxing response in all groups. Clotrimazole inhibited vasorelaxation only in female groups, and indomethacin did so only in gonadectomized groups. Endothelium participation was confirmed in female groups and in the gonadectomized male group. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the vasodilator effect of E2 was mediated by an indirect mechanism - via endothelium - as well as by direct action - via vascular smooth muscle - in both groups. The characterization of these mechanisms in coronary arteries might shed light on the functional basis of hormonal dysfunction symptoms in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wender do Nascimento Rouver
- Department of Physiological Science, Federal University of Espirito Santo - UFES, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roger Lyrio Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Science, Federal University of Espirito Santo - UFES, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
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16
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Arvind A, Osganian SA, Sjoquist JA, Corey KE, Simon TG. Epoxygenase-Derived Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid Mediators Are Associated With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, and Fibrosis. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:2232-2234.e4. [PMID: 32768596 PMCID: PMC7725909 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Arvind
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Stephanie A. Osganian
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Julia A. Sjoquist
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen E. Corey
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Tracey G. Simon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
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17
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Higher Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids in Cardiomyocytes-Specific CYP2J2 Transgenic Mice Are Associated with Improved Myocardial Remodeling. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8060144. [PMID: 32486275 PMCID: PMC7344501 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are known to be cardioprotective during ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiomyocyte-specific overexpressing cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) transgenic (Tr) mice. Using the same Tr mice, we measured changes in cardiac and erythrocyte membranes EETs following myocardial infarction (MI) to determine if they can serve as reporters for cardiac events. Cardiac function was also assessed in Tr vs. wild-type (WT) mice in correlation with EET changes two weeks following MI. Tr mice (N = 25, 16 female, nine male) had significantly higher cardiac cis- and trans-EETs compared to their WT counterparts (N = 25, 18 female, seven male). Total cardiac cis-EETs in Tr mice were positively correlated with total cis-EETs in erythrocyte membrane, but there was no correlation with trans-EETs or in WT mice. Following MI, cis- and trans-EETs were elevated in the erythrocyte membrane and cardiac tissue in Tr mice, accounting for the improved cardiac outcomes observed. Tr mice showed significantly better myocardial remodeling following MI, evidenced by higher % fractional shortening, smaller infarct size, lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, reduced fibrosis and apoptosis, and lower pulmonary edema. A positive correlation between total cardiac cis-EETs and total erythrocyte membrane cis-EETs in a Tr mouse model suggests that erythrocyte cis-EETs may be used as predictive markers for cardiac events. All cis-EET regioisomers displayed similar trends following acute MI; however, the magnitude of change for each regioisomer was markedly different, warranting measurement of each individually.
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18
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Vascular Lipidomic Profiling of Potential Endogenous Fatty Acid PPAR Ligands Reveals the Coronary Artery as Major Producer of CYP450-Derived Epoxy Fatty Acids. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051096. [PMID: 32365470 PMCID: PMC7290345 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of oxylipins have been described as endogenous PPAR ligands. The very short biological half-lives of oxylipins suggest roles as autocrine or paracrine signaling molecules. While coronary arterial atherosclerosis is the root of myocardial infarction, aortic atherosclerotic plaque formation is a common readout of in vivo atherosclerosis studies in mice. Improved understanding of the compartmentalized sources of oxylipin PPAR ligands will increase our knowledge of the roles of PPAR signaling in diverse vascular tissues. Here, we performed a targeted lipidomic analysis of ex vivo-generated oxylipins from porcine aorta, coronary artery, pulmonary artery and perivascular adipose. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostanoids were the most abundant detectable oxylipin from all tissues. By contrast, the coronary artery produced significantly higher levels of oxylipins from CYP450 pathways than other tissues. The TLR4 ligand LPS induced prostanoid formation in all vascular tissue tested. The 11-HETE, 15-HETE, and 9-HODE were also induced by LPS from the aorta and pulmonary artery but not coronary artery. Epoxy fatty acid (EpFA) formation was largely unaffected by LPS. The pig CYP2J homologue CYP2J34 was expressed in porcine vascular tissue and primary coronary artery smooth muscle cells (pCASMCs) in culture. Treatment of pCASMCs with LPS induced a robust profile of pro-inflammatory target genes: TNFα, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MCP-1 and CD40L. The soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor TPPU, which prevents the breakdown of endogenous CYP-derived EpFAs, significantly suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory target genes. In conclusion, PPAR-activating oxylipins are produced and regulated in a vascular site-specific manner. The CYP450 pathway is highly active in the coronary artery and capable of providing anti-inflammatory oxylipins that prevent processes of inflammatory vascular disease progression.
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19
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De Becker B, Coremans C, Chaumont M, Delporte C, Van Antwerpen P, Franck T, Rousseau A, Zouaoui Boudjeltia K, Cullus P, van de Borne P. Severe Hypouricemia Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation and Reduces Blood Pressure in Healthy Young Men: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, and Crossover Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e013130. [PMID: 31752638 PMCID: PMC6912967 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Uric acid (UA) is a plasmatic antioxidant that has possible effects on blood pressure. The effects of UA on endothelial function are unclear. We hypothesize that endothelial function is not impaired unless significant UA depletion is achieved through selective xanthine oxidase inhibition with febuxostat and recombinant uricase (rasburicase). Methods and Results Microvascular hyperemia, induced by iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, and heating‐induced local hyperemia after iontophoresis of saline and a specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor were assessed by laser Doppler imaging. Blood pressure and renin‐angiotensin system markers were measured, and arterial stiffness was assessed. CRP (C‐reactive protein), allantoin, chlorotyrosine/tyrosine ratio, homocitrulline/lysine ratio, myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde, and interleukin‐8 were used to characterize inflammation and oxidative stress. Seventeen young healthy men were enrolled in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 3‐way crossover study. The 3 compared conditions were placebo, febuxostat alone, and febuxostat together with rasburicase. The allantoin (μmol/L)/UA (μmol/L) ratio differed between sessions (P<0.0001). During the febuxostat‐rasburicase session, heating‐induced hyperemia became altered in the presence of nitric oxide synthase inhibition; and systolic blood pressure, angiotensin II, and myeloperoxidase activity decreased (P≤0.03 versus febuxostat). The aldosterone concentration decreased in the febuxostat‐rasburicase group (P=0.01). Malondialdehyde increased when UA concentration decreased (both P<0.01 for febuxostat and febuxostat‐rasburicase versus placebo). Other parameters remained unchanged. Conclusions A large and short‐term decrease in UA in humans alters heat‐induced endothelium‐dependent microvascular vasodilation, slightly reduces systolic blood pressure through renin‐angiotensin system activity reduction, and markedly reduces myeloperoxidase activity when compared with moderate UA reduction. A moderate or severe hypouricemia leads to an increase in lipid peroxidation through loss of antioxidant capacity of plasma. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03395977.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin De Becker
- Department of Cardiology Erasme Hospital Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Catherine Coremans
- Department A: Research in Drug Development (RD3)-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Martin Chaumont
- Department of Cardiology Erasme Hospital Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Department A: Research in Drug Development (RD3)-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Department A: Research in Drug Development (RD3)-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Thierry Franck
- Centre of Oxygen, Research and Development Institute of Chemistry B 6a University of Liège-Sart Tilman Liège Belgium
| | - Alexandre Rousseau
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222) Medicine Faculty Université Libre de Bruxelles Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Charleroi, Hopital Vesale Montigny-le-Tilleul Belgium
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222) Medicine Faculty Université Libre de Bruxelles Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Charleroi, Hopital Vesale Montigny-le-Tilleul Belgium
| | - Pierre Cullus
- Biostatistics Department Medicine Faculty Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Philippe van de Borne
- Department of Cardiology Erasme Hospital Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
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20
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Wu G, Zhang W, Li H. Application of metabolomics for unveiling the therapeutic role of traditional Chinese medicine in metabolic diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:112057. [PMID: 31279867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional medicine has been practiced for thousands of years in China and some Asian countries. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is characterized as multi-component and multiple targets in disease therapy, and it is a great challenge for elucidating the mechanisms of TCM. AIM OF THE REVIEW Comprehensively summarize the application of metabolomics in biomarker discovery, stratification of TCM syndromes, and mechanism underlying TCM therapy on metabolic diseases. METHODS This review systemically searched the publications with key words such as metabolomics, traditional Chinese medicine, metabolic diseases, obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus in "Title OR Abstract" in major databases including PubMed, the Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, CNKI from 2010 to 2019. RESULTS A total of 135 papers was searched and included in this review. An overview of articles indicated that metabolic characteristics may be a hallmark of different syndromes/models of metabolic diseases, which provides a new perspective for disease diagnosis and therapeutic optimization. Moreover, TCM treatment has significantly altered the metabolic perturbations associated with metabolic diseases, which may be an important mechanism for the therapeutic effect of TCM. CONCLUSIONS Until now, many metabolites and differential biomarkers related to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and TCM therapy have been discovered through metabolomics research. Unfortunately, the biological role and mechanism of disease-related metabolites were largely unclarified so far, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaosong Wu
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Houkai Li
- Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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21
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Identification of coronary heart disease biomarkers with different severities of coronary stenosis in human urine using non-targeted metabolomics based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 497:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Surendran A, Zhang H, Winter T, Edel A, Aukema H, Ravandi A. Oxylipin profile of human low-density lipoprotein is dependent on its extent of oxidation. Atherosclerosis 2019; 288:101-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Hausner EA, Elmore SA, Yang X. Overview of the Components of Cardiac Metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:673-688. [PMID: 30967471 PMCID: PMC7333657 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.086611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism in organs other than the liver and kidneys may play a significant role in how a specific organ responds to chemicals. The heart has metabolic capability for energy production and homeostasis. This homeostatic machinery can also process xenobiotics. Cardiac metabolism includes the expression of numerous organic anion transporters, organic cation transporters, organic carnitine (zwitterion) transporters, and ATP-binding cassette transporters. Expression and distribution of the transporters within the heart may vary, depending on the patient’s age, disease, endocrine status, and various other factors. Several cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme classes have been identified within the heart. The P450 hydroxylases and epoxygenases within the heart produce hydroxyeicosatetraneoic acids and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, metabolites of arachidonic acid, which are critical in regulating homeostatic processes of the heart. The susceptibility of the cardiac P450 system to induction and inhibition from exogenous materials is an area of expanding knowledge, as are the metabolic processes of glucuronidation and sulfation in the heart. The susceptibility of various transcription factors and signaling pathways of the heart to disruption by xenobiotics is not fully characterized but is an area with implications for disruption of normal postnatal development, as well as modulation of adult cardiac health. There are knowledge gaps in the timelines of physiologic maturation and deterioration of cardiac metabolism. Cross-species characterization of cardiac-specific metabolism is needed for nonclinical work of optimum translational value to predict possible adverse effects, identify sensitive developmental windows for the design and conduct of informative nonclinical and clinical studies, and explore the possibilities of organ-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Hausner
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland (E.A.H., X.Y.); and National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (S.A.E.)
| | - Susan A Elmore
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland (E.A.H., X.Y.); and National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (S.A.E.)
| | - Xi Yang
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland (E.A.H., X.Y.); and National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (S.A.E.)
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24
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Paynter NP, Balasubramanian R, Giulianini F, Wang DD, Tinker LF, Gopal S, Deik AA, Bullock K, Pierce KA, Scott J, Martínez-González MA, Estruch R, Manson JE, Cook NR, Albert CM, Clish CB, Rexrode KM. Metabolic Predictors of Incident Coronary Heart Disease in Women. Circulation 2019; 137:841-853. [PMID: 29459470 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.029468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although metabolomic profiling offers promise for the prediction of coronary heart disease (CHD), and metabolic risk factors are more strongly associated with CHD in women than men, limited data are available for women. METHODS We applied a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics platform to measure 371 metabolites in a discovery set of postmenopausal women (472 incident CHD cases, 472 controls) with validation in an independent set of postmenopausal women (312 incident CHD cases, 315 controls). RESULTS Eight metabolites, primarily oxidized lipids, were significantly dysregulated in cases after the adjustment for matching and CHD risk factors in both the discovery and validation data sets. One oxidized phospholipid, C34:2 hydroxy-phosphatidylcholine, remained associated with CHD after further adjustment for other validated metabolites. Subjects with C34:2 hydroxy-phosphatidylcholine levels in the highest quartile had a 4.7-fold increase in CHD odds in comparison with the lowest quartile; C34:2 hydroxy-phosphatidylcholine also significantly improved the area under the curve (P<0.01) for CHD. The C34:2 hydroxy-phosphatidylcholine findings were replicated in a third replication data set of 980 men and women (230 cardiovascular events) with a stronger association observed in women. CONCLUSIONS These data replicate known metabolite predictors, identify novel markers, and support the relationship between lipid oxidation and subsequent CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina P Paynter
- Division of Preventive Medicine (N.P.P., F.G., J.E.M., N.R.C., C.M.A., K.M.R.)
| | - Raji Balasubramanian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst (R.B.)
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine (N.P.P., F.G., J.E.M., N.R.C., C.M.A., K.M.R.)
| | - Dong D Wang
- Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., J.E.M., N.R.C.).,Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., M.A.M.-G.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (L.F.T.)
| | - Shuba Gopal
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (S.G., A.A.D., K.B., K.A.P., J.S., C.B.C.)
| | - Amy A Deik
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (S.G., A.A.D., K.B., K.A.P., J.S., C.B.C.)
| | - Kevin Bullock
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (S.G., A.A.D., K.B., K.A.P., J.S., C.B.C.)
| | - Kerry A Pierce
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (S.G., A.A.D., K.B., K.A.P., J.S., C.B.C.)
| | - Justin Scott
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (S.G., A.A.D., K.B., K.A.P., J.S., C.B.C.)
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., M.A.M.-G.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra Medical School, Pamplona, Spain (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Spain (R.E.)
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine (N.P.P., F.G., J.E.M., N.R.C., C.M.A., K.M.R.).,Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., J.E.M., N.R.C.)
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Division of Preventive Medicine (N.P.P., F.G., J.E.M., N.R.C., C.M.A., K.M.R.).,Department of Epidemiology (D.D.W., J.E.M., N.R.C.)
| | - Christine M Albert
- Division of Preventive Medicine (N.P.P., F.G., J.E.M., N.R.C., C.M.A., K.M.R.)
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (S.G., A.A.D., K.B., K.A.P., J.S., C.B.C.)
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- Division of Preventive Medicine (N.P.P., F.G., J.E.M., N.R.C., C.M.A., K.M.R.).,Division of Women's Health (K.M.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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25
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Solati Z, Ravandi A. Lipidomics of Bioactive Lipids in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051051. [PMID: 30823404 PMCID: PMC6429306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to ischemic conditions that occur as a result of atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombus formation. It has been shown that lipid peroxidation may cause plaque instability by inducing inflammation, apoptosis, and neovascularization. There is some evidence showing that these oxidized lipids may have a prognostic value in ACS. For instance, higher levels of oxidized phospholipids on apo B-100 lipoproteins (OxPL/apoB) predicted cardiovascular events independent of traditional risk factors, C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). A recent cross-sectional study showed that levels of oxylipins, namely 8,9-DiHETrE and 16-HETE, were significantly associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, respectively. They found that with every 1 nmol/L increase in the concentrations of 8,9-DiHETrE, the odds of ACS increased by 454-fold. As lipid peroxidation makes heterogonous pools of secondary products, therefore, rapid multi-analyte quantification methods are needed for their assessment. Conventional lipid assessment methods such as chemical reagents or immunoassays lack specificity and sensitivity. Lipidomics may provide another layer of a detailed molecular level to lipid assessment, which may eventually lead to exploring novel biomarkers and/or new treatment options. Here, we will briefly review the lipidomics of bioactive lipids in ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Solati
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada.
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada.
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 409 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
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Shearer GC, Walker RE. An overview of the biologic effects of omega-6 oxylipins in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 137:26-38. [PMID: 30293594 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are lipid mediators produced from polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, and are thought to be a molecular explanation for the diverse biological effects of PUFAs. Like PUFAs, oxylipins are distinguished by their omega-6 (n6) or omega-3 (n3) chemistry. We review the use of n6 oxylipins as biomarkers of disease and their use in diagnosis and risk assessment. We show cases where oxylipins derived from linoleate (LA) or arachidonate (AA) produced by the activities of lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, epoxygenase, ω/ω-1 hydroxylase, and autooxidation are useful as biomarkers or risk markers. HODEs, KODEs, EpOMEs, DiHOMEs, and other metabolites of LA as well as prostanoids, HETEs, KETEs, EpETrEs, and DiHETrEs, and other metabolites of AA were useful for understanding the different signaling environments in conditions from traumatic brain injury, to major coronary events, dyslipidemia, sepsis, and more. We next evaluate interventions that alter the concentrations of n6 oxylipins in plasma. We note the utility and response of each plasma fraction, and the generally increasing utility from the non-esterified, to the esterified, to the lipoprotein fractions. Finally, we review the effects which are specifically related to n6 oxylipins and most likely to be beneficial. Both n6 and n3 oxylipins work together in an exceedingly complex matrix to produce physiological effects. This overview should provide future investigators with important perspectives for the emerging utility of n6 oxylipins as products of n6 PUFAs in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA.
| | - Rachel E Walker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
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Oni-Orisan A, Cresci S, Jones PG, Theken KN, Spertus JA, Lee CR. Association between the EPHX2 p.Lys55Arg polymorphism and prognosis following an acute coronary syndrome. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 138:15-22. [PMID: 30096423 PMCID: PMC6162147 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH, EPHX2) elicits potent cardiovascular protective effects in preclinical models of ischemic cardiovascular disease (CVD), and genetic polymorphisms in EPHX2 have been associated with developing ischemic CVD in humans. However, it remains unknown whether EPHX2 variants are associated with prognosis following an ischemic CVD event. We evaluated the association between EPHX2 p.Lys55Arg and p.Arg287Gln genotype with survival in 667 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. No association with p.Arg287Gln genotype was observed (P = 0.598). Caucasian EPHX2 Arg55 carriers (Lys/Arg or Arg/Arg) had a significantly higher risk of 5-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-2.55, P = 0.045). In an independent population of 2712 ACS patients, this association was not replicated (adjusted HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.70-1.21, P = 0.559). In a secondary analysis, Caucasian homozygous Arg55 allele carriers (Arg/Arg) appeared to exhibit a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR 2.60, 95% CI 1.09-6.17). These results demonstrate that EPHX2 p.Lys55Arg and p.Arg287Gln polymorphisms do not significantly modify survival after an ACS event. Investigation of other sEH metabolism biomarkers in ischemic CVD appears warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinyemi Oni-Orisan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, UCSF School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Cresci
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Philip G Jones
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Katherine N Theken
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John A Spertus
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Craig R Lee
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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28
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Halade GV, Kain V, Wright GM, Jadapalli JK. Subacute treatment of carprofen facilitate splenocardiac resolution deficit in cardiac injury. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:1173-1186. [PMID: 30145840 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0618-223r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-limiting nonsteroidal pain relievers magnify myocardial infarction (MI) incidences and increase re-admission events in heart failure (HF) patients. However, the molecular and cellular mechanism of this provocative adverse effect is unclear. Our goal was to determine whether carprofen (CAP) impedes splenic leukocyte-directed acute inflammation-resolving response in cardiac injury. After subacute CAP treatment, mice were subjected to permanent coronary ligation maintaining MI- and naïve-controls. Spleen and left ventricle (LV) leukocytes were quantitated using flow cytometry pre- and 24 h post-MI. The inflammation resolution mediators were quantified using mass spectrometry while splenocardiac apoptosis and leukocyte phagocytosis were measured by immunofluorescence and ImageStream, respectively. Subacute CAP treatment promoted strain and cardiac dysfunction before MI and coronary occlusion showed signs of acute HF in CAP and MI-controls. Subacute CAP-injected mice had pre-activated splenic neutrophils, an over activated "don't eat me" signal (CD47) with reduced total Mϕs (F4/80+ ) and reparative Mϕs (F4/80/Ly6Clo /CD206) compared with control in LV and spleen. Post-MI, CAP pre-activated neutrophils (Ly6G+ ) were intensified and reduced reparative neutrophils (Ly6G+ /CD206+ ) and Mϕs (F4/80/Ly6Clo ) in LV was indicative of non-resolving inflammation compared with MI-control. Subacute CAP treatment deferred neutrophil phagocytosis functions in the spleen and LV and was more evident post-MI compared with MI-control. CAP pre-activated splenic neutrophils that tailored the Mϕ phagocytosis thereby increased splenocardiac leukocyte death. CAP over amplified COX-1 and COX-2 compared with MI-control and failed to limit prostaglandins and thromboxane in post-MI setting. Further, CAP reduced cardiac-protective epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and over amplified pyrogenic inflammatory cytokines and reduced reparative cytokines, thereby non-resolving inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Griffin M Wright
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeevan Kumar Jadapalli
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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29
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Halade GV, Black LM, Verma MK. Paradigm shift - Metabolic transformation of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids to bioactives exemplify the promise of fatty acid drug discovery. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:935-953. [PMID: 29499340 PMCID: PMC5971137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid drug discovery (FADD) is defined as the identification of novel, specialized bioactive mediators that are derived from fatty acids and have precise pharmacological/therapeutic potential. A number of reports indicate that dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids and limited intake of omega-6 promotes overall health benefits. In 1929, Burr and Burr indicated the significant role of essential fatty acids for survival and functional health of many organs. In reference to specific dietary benefits of differential omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids (DHA and EPA) are transformed to monohydroxy, dihydroxy, trihydroxy, and other complex mediators during infection, injury, and exercise to resolve inflammation. The presented FADD approach describes the metabolic transformation of DHA and EPA in response to injury, infection, and exercise to govern uncontrolled inflammation. Metabolic transformation of DHA and EPA into a number of pro-resolving molecules exemplifies a novel, inexpensive approach compared to traditional, expensive drug discovery. DHA and EPA have been recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease since 1970. Therefore, the FADD approach is relevant to cardiovascular disease and resolution of inflammation in many injury models. Future research demands identification of novel action targets, receptors for biomolecules, mechanism(s), and drug-interactions with resolvins in order to maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Laurence M Black
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mahendra Kumar Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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30
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Aliwarga T, Evangelista EA, Sotoodehnia N, Lemaitre RN, Totah RA. Regulation of CYP2J2 and EET Levels in Cardiac Disease and Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1916. [PMID: 29966295 PMCID: PMC6073148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) is a known arachidonic acid (AA) epoxygenase that mediates the formation of four bioactive regioisomers of cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Although its expression in the liver is low, CYP2J2 is mainly observed in extrahepatic tissues, including the small intestine, pancreas, lung, and heart. Changes in CYP2J2 levels or activity by xenobiotics, disease states, or polymorphisms are proposed to lead to various organ dysfunctions. Several studies have investigated the regulation of CYP2J2 and EET formation in various cell lines and have demonstrated that such regulation is tissue-dependent. In addition, studies linking CYP2J2 polymorphisms to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) yielded contradictory results. This review will focus on the mechanisms of regulation of CYP2J2 by inducers, inhibitors, and oxidative stress modeling certain disease states in various cell lines and tissues. The implication of CYP2J2 expression, polymorphisms, activity and, as a result, EET levels in the pathophysiology of diabetes and CVD will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Aliwarga
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Eric A Evangelista
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Rheem A Totah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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31
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Dong OM, Li A, Suzuki O, Oni-Orisan A, Gonzalez R, Stouffer GA, Lee CR, Wiltshire T. Projected impact of a multigene pharmacogenetic test to optimize medication prescribing in cardiovascular patients. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:771-782. [PMID: 29793377 PMCID: PMC6367721 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the projected impact of a multigene pharmacogenetic (PGx) test on medication prescribing. MATERIALS & METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted with 122 cardiac catheterization laboratory patients undergoing angiography for eligibility of potential PGx-guided interventions that could have occurred if multigene PGx information was pre-emptively available at the time of the procedure. Medication data and presence of actionable at-risk genotypes were used to determine eligibility of a PGx intervention. RESULTS 20% of the study population (n = 24) would have qualified for at least one PGx-based medication intervention per US FDA or Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines within 6 months of their cardiac catheterization procedure. Commonly encountered gene-drug pairs for these interventions included: CYP2C19 for clopidogrel and antidepressants, CYP2D6 for antidepressants and codeine, SLCO1B1 for simvastatin, and VKORC1/CYP2C9 for warfarin. CONCLUSION Pre-emptive use of a multigene PGx test in the cardiac catheterization laboratory offers potential to reduce adverse medication outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Dong
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics & Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amy Li
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Oscar Suzuki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics & Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Akinyemi Oni-Orisan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, UCSF School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ricardo Gonzalez
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics & Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - George A Stouffer
- UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Division of Cardiology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig R Lee
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics & Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tim Wiltshire
- Division of Pharmacotherapy & Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Center for Pharmacogenomics & Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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32
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Niki E. Oxidant-specific biomarkers of oxidative stress. Association with atherosclerosis and implication for antioxidant effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 120:425-440. [PMID: 29625172 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The unregulated oxidative modification of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids induced by multiple oxidants has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Antioxidants with diverse functions exert their roles either directly or indirectly in the physiological defense network to inhibit such deleterious oxidative modification of biological molecules and resulting damage. The efficacy of antioxidants depends on the nature of oxidants. Therefore, it is important to identify the oxidants which are responsible for modification of biological molecules. Some oxidation products produced selectively by specific oxidant enable to identify the responsible oxidants, while other products are produced by several oxidants similarly. In this review article, several oxidant-specific products produced selectively by peroxyl radicals, peroxynitrite, hypochlorous acid, lipoxygenase, and singlet oxygen were summarized and their potential role as biomarker is discussed. It is shown that the levels of specific oxidation products including hydroxylinoleate isomers, nitrated and chlorinated products, and oxysterols produced by the above-mentioned oxidants are elevated in the human atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that all these oxidants may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Further, it was shown that the reactivities of physiological antioxidants toward the above-mentioned oxidants vary extensively, suggesting that multiple antioxidants effective against these different oxidants are required, since no single antioxidant alone can cope with these multiple oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuo Niki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan.
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33
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Increased epoxyeicosatrienoic acids may be part of a protective mechanism in human ulcerative colitis, with increased CYP2J2 and reduced soluble epoxide hydrolase expression. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 136:9-14. [PMID: 29580941 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous preclinical evidence has suggested that the elevation of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) derived from the cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases-dependent metabolism of arachidonic acid has important anti-inflammatory effects. However, the levels of EETs and their synthetic and metabolic enzymes in human ulcerative colitis has not been evaluated. METHOD To evaluate EETs and the expression of relevant CYP isoforms and the metabolizing enzyme, soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), tissue biopsies were collected from 16 pairs of ulcerative colitis patients' tissues and matched with adjacent non-inflamed tissues. EETs were extracted from tissue homogenates and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The concentration of EETs was higher in ulcerative colitis tissues compared with matched adjacent non-inflamed tissues (1.91 ± 0.98 ng/mg vs. 0.96 ± 0.77 ng/mg, mean ± SD, P < 0.01). As shown by immunohistochemistry, sEH was present in the cytoplasm and intestinal mucosa and showed a decline in ulcerative colitis tissues compared with matched adjacent non-inflamed tissues. Western blot analyses showed reduced sEH expression in ulcerative colitis tissues compared with matched adjacent non-inflamed tissues, whereas CYP2J2 increased in ulcerative colitis tissues (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference observed in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 protein expression between them (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the increase in EET levels may be part of a protective mechanism in ulcerative colitis. Furthermore, the concentration of EETs could be a key factor for drug therapy for ulcerative colitis.
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Kain V, Ingle KA, Kabarowski J, Barnes S, Limdi NA, Prabhu SD, Halade GV. Genetic deletion of 12/15 lipoxygenase promotes effective resolution of inflammation following myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018. [PMID: 29526491 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
12/15 lipoxygenase (LOX) directs inflammation and lipid remodeling. However, the role of 12/15LOX in post-myocardial infarction (MI) left ventricular remodeling is unclear. To determine the role of 12/15LOX, 8-12 week-old C57BL/6 J wild-type (WT; n = 93) and 12/15LOX-/- (n = 97) mice were subjected to permanent coronary artery ligation and monitored at day (d)1 and d5 post-operatively. Post-MI d28 survival was measured in male and female mice. No-MI surgery mice were maintained as d0 naïve controls. 12/15LOX-/- mice exhibited higher survival rates with lower cardiac rupture and improved LV function as compared with WT post-MI. Compared to WT, neutrophils and macrophages in 12/15LOX-/- mice were polarized towards N2 and M2 phenotypes, respectively, with increased of expression mrc-1, ym-1, and arg-1 post-MI. 12/15LOX-/- mice exhibited lower levels of pro-inflammatory 12-(S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE) and higher CYP2J-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) levels. CYP2J-derived 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EETs activated macrophage-specific hemeoxygenase (HO)-1 marked with increases in F4/80+/Ly6Clow and F4/80+/CD206high cells at d5 post-MI in 12/15LOX-/- mice. In contrast, inhibition of HO-1 led to total mortality in 12/15LOX-/- mice by post-MI d5. 12/15LOX-/- mice exhibited reduced collagen density and lower α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression at d5 post-MI, indicating delayed or limited fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. In conclusion, genetic deletion of 12/15LOX reduces 12(S)-HETE and activates CYP2J-derived EETs to promote effective resolution of inflammation post-MI leading to reduced cardiac rupture, improved LV function, and better survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kevin A Ingle
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Janusz Kabarowski
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nita A Limdi
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA.
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35
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Liu P, Zhang S, Gao J, Lin Y, Shi G, He W, Touyz RM, Yan L, Huang H. Downregulated Serum 14, 15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid Is Associated With Abdominal Aortic Calcification in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism. Hypertension 2018; 71:592-598. [PMID: 29440332 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) have increased risk of target-organ damage, among which vascular calcification is an important indicator of cardiovascular mortality. 14, 15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14, 15-EET) has been shown to have beneficial effects in vascular remodeling. However, whether 14, 15-EET associates with vascular calcification in PA is unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between 14, 15-EET and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in patients with PA. Sixty-nine patients with PA and 69 controls with essential hypertension, matched for age, sex, and blood pressure, were studied. 14, 15-Dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (14, 15-DHET), the inactive metabolite from 14, 15-EET, was estimated to reflect serum 14, 15-EET levels. AAC was assessed by computed tomographic scanning. Compared with matched controls, the AAC prevalence was almost 1-fold higher in patients with PA (27 [39.1%] versus 14 [20.3%]; P=0.023), accompanied by significantly higher serum 14, 15-DHET levels (7.18±4.98 versus 3.50±2.07 ng/mL; P<0.001). Plasma aldosterone concentration was positively associated with 14, 15-DHET (β=0.444; P<0.001). Multivariable logistic analysis revealed that lower 14, 15-DHET was an independent risk factor for AAC in PA (odds ratio, 1.371; 95% confidence interval, 1.145-1.640; P<0.001), especially in young patients with mild hypertension and normal body mass index. In conclusion, PA patients exibited more severe AAC, accompanied by higher serum 14, 15-DHET levels. On the contrary, decreased 14, 15-EET was significantly associated with AAC prevalence in PA patients, especially in those at low cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinming Liu
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), RNA Biomedical Institute (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), Department of Endocrinology (S.Z., Y.L., L.Y.), and Department of Radiology (G.S.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.M.T.)
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), RNA Biomedical Institute (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), Department of Endocrinology (S.Z., Y.L., L.Y.), and Department of Radiology (G.S.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.M.T.)
| | - Jingwei Gao
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), RNA Biomedical Institute (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), Department of Endocrinology (S.Z., Y.L., L.Y.), and Department of Radiology (G.S.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.M.T.)
| | - Ying Lin
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), RNA Biomedical Institute (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), Department of Endocrinology (S.Z., Y.L., L.Y.), and Department of Radiology (G.S.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.M.T.)
| | - Guangzi Shi
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), RNA Biomedical Institute (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), Department of Endocrinology (S.Z., Y.L., L.Y.), and Department of Radiology (G.S.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.M.T.)
| | - Wanbing He
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), RNA Biomedical Institute (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), Department of Endocrinology (S.Z., Y.L., L.Y.), and Department of Radiology (G.S.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.M.T.)
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), RNA Biomedical Institute (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), Department of Endocrinology (S.Z., Y.L., L.Y.), and Department of Radiology (G.S.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.M.T.)
| | - Li Yan
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), RNA Biomedical Institute (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), Department of Endocrinology (S.Z., Y.L., L.Y.), and Department of Radiology (G.S.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.M.T.)
| | - Hui Huang
- From the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), RNA Biomedical Institute (P.L., J.G., W.H., H.H.), Department of Endocrinology (S.Z., Y.L., L.Y.), and Department of Radiology (G.S.), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.M.T.).
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Kim HS, Kim SK, Kang KW. Differential Effects of sEH Inhibitors on the Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122683. [PMID: 29232926 PMCID: PMC5751285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) is a cardioprotective metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is known that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is involved in the metabolic degradation of EET. The abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of the sEH inhibitor 12-(((tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)dec-1-ylamino)carbonyl)amino)-dodecanoic acid (AUDA) on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced proliferation and migration in rat VSMCs. AUDA significantly inhibited PDGF-induced rat VSMC proliferation, which coincided with Pin1 suppression and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) upregulation. However, exogenous 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, and 14,15-EET treatments did not alter Pin1 or HO-1 levels and had little effect on the proliferation of rat VSMCs. On the other hand, AUDA enhanced the PDGF-stimulated cell migration of rat VSMCs. Furthermore, AUDA-induced activation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and subsequent thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production were required for the enhanced migration. Additionally, EETs increased COX-2 expression but inhibited the migration of rat VSMCs. In conclusion, the present study showed that AUDA exerted differential effects on the proliferation and migration of PDGF-stimulated rat VSMCs and that these results may not depend on EET stabilization.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Epoxide Hydrolases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Epoxy Compounds/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism
- Lauric Acids/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Seon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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37
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Halade GV, Kain V, Black LM, Prabhu SD, Ingle KA. Aging dysregulates D- and E-series resolvins to modulate cardiosplenic and cardiorenal network following myocardial infarction. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:2611-2634. [PMID: 27777380 PMCID: PMC5191859 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Post-myocardial infarction (MI), overactive inflammation is the hallmark of aging, however, the mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that excess influx of omega 6 fatty acids may impair resolution, thus impacting the cardiosplenic and cardiorenal network post-MI. Young and aging mice were fed on standard lab chow (LC) and excess fatty acid (safflower oil; SO)-enriched diet for 2 months and were then subjected to MI surgery. Despite similar infarct areas and left ventricle (LV) dysfunction post-MI, splenic mass spectrometry data revealed higher levels of arachidonic acid (AA) derived pro-inflammatory metabolites in young-SO, but minimal formation of docosanoids, D- and E- series resolvins in SO-fed aged mice. The aged mice receiving excess intake of fatty acids exhibit; 1) decreased lipoxygenases (5-,12-, and 15) in the infarcted LV; 2) lower levels of 14HDHA, RvD1, RvD5, protectin D1, 7(S)maresin1, 8-,11-,18-HEPE and RvE3 with high levels of tetranor-12-HETEs; 3) dual population of macrophages (CD11blow/F480high and CD11bhigh/F480high) with increased pro-inflammatory (CD11b+F4/80+Ly6Chi) phenotype and; 4) increased kidney injury marker NGAL with increased expression of TNF-ɑ and IL-1β indicating MI-induced non-resolving response compared with LC-group. Thus, excess fatty acid intake magnifies the post-MI chemokine signaling and inflames the cardiosplenic and cardiorenal network towards a non-resolving microenvironment in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Laurence M Black
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Kevin A Ingle
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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38
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Therapeutic potential of omega-3 fatty acid-derived epoxyeicosanoids in cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 183:177-204. [PMID: 29080699 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous benefits have been attributed to dietary long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs), including protection against cardiac arrhythmia, triglyceride-lowering, amelioration of inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review covers recent findings indicating that a variety of these beneficial effects are mediated by "omega-3 epoxyeicosanoids", a class of novel n-3 LC-PUFA-derived lipid mediators, which are generated via the cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase pathway. CYP enzymes, previously identified as arachidonic acid (20:4n-6; AA) epoxygenases, accept eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA), the major fish oil n-3 LC-PUFAs, as efficient alternative substrates. In humans and rodents, dietary EPA/DHA supplementation causes a profound shift of the endogenous CYP-eicosanoid profile from AA- to EPA- and DHA-derived metabolites, increasing, in particular, the plasma and tissue levels of 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17,18-EEQ) and 19,20-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid (19,20-EDP). Based on preclinical studies, these omega-3 epoxyeicosanoids display cardioprotective, vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic properties that contribute to the beneficial effects of n-3 LC-PUFAs in diverse disease conditions ranging from cardiac disease, bronchial disorders, and intraocular neovascularization, to allergic intestinal inflammation and inflammatory pain. Increasing evidence also suggests that background nutrition as well as genetic and disease state-related factors could limit the response to EPA/DHA-supplementation by reducing the formation and/or enhancing the degradation of omega-3 epoxyeicosanoids. Recently, metabolically robust synthetic analogs mimicking the biological activities of 17,18-EEQ have been developed. These drug candidates may overcome limitations of dietary EPA/DHA supplementation and provide novel options for the treatment of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.
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39
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Kato Y, Mukai Y, Rane A, Inotsume N, Toda T. Combined effect of telmisartan and fluvastatin on arachidonic acid metabolism in human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:898-903. [PMID: 28933256 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1384079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
1. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) via cytochrome P450s, have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system involving vasodilation. We have previously demonstrated that telmisartan (TEL) inhibits EETs production from AA in vitro. 2. The objectives of the study were to examine the inhibitory effect of fluvastatin (FLU), an inhibitor of CYP2C9, and the combined effect of TEL and FLU on the production of EETs using human liver microsomes. The combined effect of TEL and FLU was evaluated using two methods, the fixed concentration method and the fixed ratio method. 3. FLU significantly reduced total eicosanoids (sum of EETs and their subsequent metabolites dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids) production at > 0.25 µM. The results of the fixed concentration method indicated that the addition of the other inhibitor resulted in significant reduction of the production of total eicosanoids in a concentration-dependent manner. In the fixed ratio method, the combination of TEL and FLU over all concentration ratios tested did not produce a horizontal shift in the dose response curves. 4. Our results showing an additive combined effect of TEL and FLU on AA metabolism, suggest that concomitant treatment with TEL and FLU would theoretically affect the vascular tone mediated by EETs from AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kato
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy , Sapporo , Japan and
| | - Yuji Mukai
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy , Sapporo , Japan and
| | - Anders Rane
- b Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Nobuo Inotsume
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy , Sapporo , Japan and
| | - Takaki Toda
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy , Sapporo , Japan and
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40
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Metabolomics and Cardiology: Toward the Path of Perinatal Programming and Personalized Medicine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6970631. [PMID: 28758121 PMCID: PMC5512040 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6970631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heart diseases are one of the leading causes of death in Western Countries and tend to become chronic, lowering the quality of life of the patients and ending up in a massive cost for the Health Systems and the society. Thus, there is a growing interest in finding new technologies that would allow the physician to effectively treat and prevent cardiac illnesses. Metabolomics is one of the new "omics" sciences enabling creation of a photograph of the metabolic state of an individual exposed to different environmental factors and pathologies. This review analyzed the most recent literature about this technology and its application in cardiology in order to understand the metabolic shifts that occur even before the manifestation of these pathologies to find possible early predictive biomarkers. In this way, it could be possible to find better treatments, ameliorate the patient's quality of life, and lower the death rate. This technology seems to be so promising that several industries are trying to set up kits to immediately assess the metabolites variations in order to provide a faster diagnosis and the best treatment specific for that patient, offering a further step toward the path of the development of a tailored medicine.
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41
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High dietary arachidonic acid levels induce changes in complex lipids and immune-related eicosanoids and increase levels of oxidised metabolites in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Br J Nutr 2017; 117:1075-1085. [PMID: 28485254 PMCID: PMC5481881 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the effect of high dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) levels (high ARA) compared with low dietary ARA levels (control) on the general metabolism using zebrafish as the model organism. The fatty acid composition of today's 'modern diet' tends towards higher n-6 PUFA levels in relation to n-3 PUFA. Low dietary n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio is a health concern, as n-6 PUFA give rise to eicosanoids and PG, which are traditionally considered pro-inflammatory, especially when derived from ARA. Juvenile zebrafish fed a high-ARA diet for 17 d had a lower whole-body n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio compared with zebrafish fed a low-ARA (control) diet (0·6 in the control group v. 0·2 in the high-ARA group). Metabolic profiling revealed altered levels of eicosanoids, PUFA, dicarboxylic acids and complex lipids such as glycerophospholipids and lysophospholipids as the most significant differences compared with the control group. ARA-derived hydroxylated eicosanoids, such as hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids, were elevated in response to high-ARA feed. In addition, increased levels of oxidised lipids and amino acids indicated an oxidised environment due to n-6 PUFA excess in the fish. To conclude, our results indicate that an ARA-enriched diet induces changes in complex lipids and immune-related eicosanoids and increases levels of oxidised lipids and amino acids, suggesting oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.
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42
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Halade GV, Kain V, Ingle KA, Prabhu SD. Interaction of 12/15-lipoxygenase with fatty acids alters the leukocyte kinetics leading to improved postmyocardial infarction healing. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H89-H102. [PMID: 28411230 PMCID: PMC5538863 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00040.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic transformation of fatty acids to form oxylipids using 12/15-lipoxygenase (LOX) can promote either resolving or nonresolving inflammation. However, the mechanism of how 12/15-LOX interacts with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in postmyocardial infarction (post-MI) healing is unclear. Here, we reported the role of 12/15-LOX in post-MI cardiac remodeling in a PUFA [10% (wt/wt), 22 kcal]-enriched environment. Wild-type (WT; C57BL/6J) and 12/15-LOX-null (12/15-LOX-/-) male mice of 8-12 wk of age were fed a PUFA-enriched diet for 1 mo and subjected to permanent coronary artery ligation. Post-MI mice were monitored for day 1 or until day 5 along with standard diet-fed MI controls. No-MI surgery mice served as naïve controls. PUFA-fed WT and 12/15-LOX-/- mice improved ejection fraction and reduced lung edema greater than WT mice at day 5 post-MI (P < 0.05). Post-MI, neutrophil density was decreased in PUFA-fed WT and 12/15-LOX-/- mice at day 1 (P < 0.05). Deletion of 12/15-LOX in mice led to increased cytochrome P-450-derived bioactive lipid mediator epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), i.e., 11,12-EpETrE and 14,15-EpETrE, which were further enhanced by acute PUFA intake post-MI. Macrophage density was decreased in WT + PUFA and 12/15-LOX-/- mice compared with their respective standard diet-fed WT controls at day 5 post-MI. 12/15-LOX-/- + PUFA mice displayed an increased expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 and reparative macrophages markers (Ym-1, Mrc-1, and Arg-1, all P < 0.05) in the infarcted area. Furthermore, 12/15-LOX-/- mice, with or without PUFA, showed reduced collagen deposition at day 5 post-MI compared with WT mice. In conclusion, deletion of 12/15-LOX and short-term exposure of PUFA promoted leukocyte clearance, thereby limiting cardiac remodeling and promoting an effective resolution of inflammation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study determined that 1) deletion of 12/15-lipoxygenase (LOX) promotes the generation of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, the cytochrome P-450-derived metabolites in postmyocardial infarction (post-MI) healing; 2) acute exposure of fatty acids to 12/15-LOX-/- mice drives leukocyte (neutrophils and macrophages) clearance post-MI; and 3) metabolic transformation of fats is the significant contributor in leukocyte clearance to drive either resolving or nonresolving inflammation post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kevin A Ingle
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sumanth D Prabhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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43
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Lam SM, Wang Y, Li B, Du J, Shui G. Metabolomics through the lens of precision cardiovascular medicine. J Genet Genomics 2017; 44:127-138. [PMID: 28325553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics, which targets at the extensive characterization and quantitation of global metabolites from both endogenous and exogenous sources, has emerged as a novel technological avenue to advance the field of precision medicine principally driven by genomics-oriented approaches. In particular, metabolomics has revealed the cardinal roles that the environment exerts in driving the progression of major diseases threatening public health. Herein, the existent and potential applications of metabolomics in two key areas of precision cardiovascular medicine will be critically discussed: 1) the use of metabolomics in unveiling novel disease biomarkers and pathological pathways; 2) the contribution of metabolomics in cardiovascular drug development. Major issues concerning the statistical handling of big data generated by metabolomics, as well as its interpretation, will be briefly addressed. Finally, the need for integration of various omics branches and adopting a multi-omics approach to precision medicine will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Lipidall Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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44
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Bai X, Mangum KD, Dee RA, Stouffer GA, Lee CR, Oni-Orisan A, Patterson C, Schisler JC, Viera AJ, Taylor JM, Mack CP. Blood pressure-associated polymorphism controls ARHGAP42 expression via serum response factor DNA binding. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:670-680. [PMID: 28112683 PMCID: PMC5272192 DOI: 10.1172/jci88899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that selective expression of the Rho GTPase-activating protein ARHGAP42 in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) controls blood pressure by inhibiting RhoA-dependent contractility, providing a mechanism for the blood pressure-associated locus within the ARHGAP42 gene. The goals of the current study were to identify polymorphisms that affect ARHGAP42 expression and to better assess ARHGAP42's role in the development of hypertension. Using DNase I hypersensitivity methods and ENCODE data, we have identified a regulatory element encompassing the ARHGAP42 SNP rs604723 that exhibits strong SMC-selective, allele-specific activity. Importantly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of this element in cultured human SMCs markedly reduced endogenous ARHGAP42 expression. DNA binding and transcription assays demonstrated that the minor T allele variation at rs604723 increased the activity of this fragment by promoting serum response transcription factor binding to a cryptic cis-element. ARHGAP42 expression was increased by cell stretch and sphingosine 1-phosphate in a RhoA-dependent manner, and deletion of ARHGAP42 enhanced the progression of hypertension in mice treated with DOCA-salt. Our analysis of a well-characterized cohort of untreated borderline hypertensive patients suggested that ARHGAP42 genotype has important implications in regard to hypertension risk. Taken together, our data add insight into the genetic mechanisms that control blood pressure and provide a potential target for individualized antihypertensive therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Pressure
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics
- GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Serum Response Factor/genetics
- Serum Response Factor/metabolism
- Sodium Chloride, Dietary/adverse effects
- Sodium Chloride, Dietary/pharmacology
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Craig R. Lee
- McAllister Heart Institute, and
- Department of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Akinyemi Oni-Orisan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cam Patterson
- New York–Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Anthony J. Viera
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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45
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Akasaka T, Sueta D, Arima Y, Tabata N, Takashio S, Izumiya Y, Yamamoto E, Yamamuro M, Tsujita K, Kojima S, Kaikita K, Kajiwara A, Morita K, Oniki K, Saruwatari J, Nakagawa K, Ogata Y, Matsui K, Hokimoto S. Association of CYP2C19 variants and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids on patients with microvascular angina. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1409-H1415. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00473.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Categorization as a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 poor metabolizer (PM) is reported to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are metabolites of arachidonic acid by CYP2C19 epoxygenases and anti-inflammatory properties, especially in microvascular tissues. We examined the association of CYP2C19 polymorphisms and EETs on microvascular angina (MVA) caused by coronary microvascular dysfunction. We examined CYP2C19 genotypes in patients with MVA ( n = 71) and healthy subjects as control ( n = 71). MVA was defined as the absence of coronary artery stenosis and epicardial spasms and the presence of inversion of lactic acid levels between intracoronary and coronary sinuses in acetylcholine-provocation test or the adenosine-triphosphate-induced coronary flow reserve ratio was below 2.5. CYP2C19 PM have two loss-of-functon alleles (*2, *3). We measured serum dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET) as representative EET metabolite. MVA group showed significantly higher CYP2C19 PM incidence (35% vs. 16%; P = 0.007) and high sense C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels (0.127 ± 0.142 vs. 0.086 ± 0.097 mg/dl; P = 0.043) than those of controls. Moreover, in MVA group, hs-CRP levels in CYP2C19 PM were significantly higher than that of non-PM (0.180 ± 0.107 vs. 0.106 ± 0.149 mg/dl, P = 0.045). Multivariate analysis indicated that smoking, hypertension, high hs-CRP, and CYP2C19 PM are predictive factors for MVA. In MVA group, DHET levels for CYP2C19 PM were significantly lower than that of non-PM [10.9 ± 1.64 vs. 14.2 ± 5.39 ng/ml, P = 0.019 (11,12-DHET); 15.2 ± 4.39 vs. 17.9 ± 4.73 ng/ml, P = 0.025 (14,15-DHET)]. CYP2C19 variants are associated with MVA. The decline of EET-based defensive mechanisms owing to CYP2C19 variants may affect coronary microvascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Akasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sueta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Arima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Noriaki Tabata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashio
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Izumiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Megumi Yamamuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sunao Kojima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Kaikita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ayami Kajiwara
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; and
| | - Kazunori Morita
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; and
| | - Kentaro Oniki
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; and
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; and
| | - Kazuko Nakagawa
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; and
| | - Yasuhiro Ogata
- Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Health Care Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Matsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Hokimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Wells MA, Vendrov KC, Edin ML, Ferslew BC, Zha W, Nguyen BKH, Church RJ, Lih FB, DeGraff LM, Brouwer KLR, Barritt AS, Zeldin DC, Lee CR. Characterization of the Cytochrome P450 epoxyeicosanoid pathway in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 125:19-29. [PMID: 27401401 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an emerging public health problem without effective therapies. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases metabolize arachidonic acid into bioactive epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which have potent anti-inflammatory and protective effects. However, the functional relevance of the CYP epoxyeicosanoid metabolism pathway in the pathogenesis of NASH remains poorly understood. Our studies demonstrate that both mice with methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH and humans with biopsy-confirmed NASH exhibited significantly higher free EET concentrations compared to healthy controls. Targeted disruption of Ephx2 (the gene encoding for soluble epoxide hydrolase) in mice further increased EET levels and significantly attenuated MCD diet-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation and injury, as well as high fat diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation, systemic glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis. Collectively, these findings suggest that dysregulation of the CYP epoxyeicosanoid pathway is a key pathological consequence of NASH in vivo, and promoting the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of EETs warrants further investigation as a novel therapeutic strategy for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Wells
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kimberly C Vendrov
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Brian C Ferslew
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Weibin Zha
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Bobbie K H Nguyen
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rachel J Church
- University of North Carolina Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Fred B Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Laura M DeGraff
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - A Sidney Barritt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Craig R Lee
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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