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Xu J, Zhang W, Tong J, Liu C, Zhang Q, Cao L, Yu J, Zhou A, Ma J. A phase I trial of autologous RAK cell immunotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:107. [PMID: 38642109 PMCID: PMC11032301 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) remains a challenge worldwide. Here, we introduced a phase I trial of autologous RAK cell therapy in patients with mRCC whose cancers progressed after prior systemic therapy. Although RAK cells have been used in clinic for many years, there has been no dose-escalation study to demonstrate its safety and efficacy. METHODS We conducted a phase I trial with a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design to investigate the dose-related safety and efficacy of RAK cells in patients with mRCC whose cancers have failed to response to systemic therapy (ChiCTR1900021334). RESULTS Autologous RAK cells, primarily composed of CD8+ T and NKT cells, were infused intravenously to patients at a dose of 5 × 109, 1 × 1010 or 1.5 × 1010 cells every 28 days per cycle. Our study demonstrated general safety of RAK cells in a total of 12 patients. Four patients (33.3%) showed tumor shrinkage, two of them achieved durable partial responses. Peripheral blood analysis showed a significant increase in absolute counts of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells after infusion, with a greater fold change observed in naive CD8+ T cells (CD8+CD45RA+). Higher peak values of IL-2 and IFN-γ were observed in responders after RAK infusion. CONCLUSION This study suggests that autologous RAK cell immunotherapy is safe and has clinical activity in previously treated mRCC patients. The improvement in peripheral blood immune profiling after RAK cell infusion highlights its potential as a cancer treatment. Further investigation is necessary to understand its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlian Tong
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qiaohui Zhang
- Clinical Department, Everbright Cell Medical Biotech Inc., Beijing, 100061, People's Republic of China
| | - Liren Cao
- Clinical Department, Everbright Cell Medical Biotech Inc., Beijing, 100061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangyong Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Aiping Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Ma
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Choi S, Hossain M, Lee H, Baek J, Park HS, Lim CL, Han D, Park T, Kim JH, Gong G, Kweon MN, Lee HJ. Expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to assess the potential of adoptive cell therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:101. [PMID: 38630265 PMCID: PMC11024072 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive transfer of in vitro expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been effective in regressing several types of malignant tumors. This study assessed the yield and factors influencing the successful expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), along with their immune phenotypes. METHODS TILs were expanded from 47 surgically resected HNSCC specimens and their metastasized lymph nodes. The cancer tissues were cut into small pieces (1-2 mm) and underwent initial expansion for 2 weeks. Tumor location, smoking history, stromal TIL percentage, human papillomavirus infection, and programmed death-ligand 1 score were examined for their impact on successful expansion of TILs. Expanded TILs were evaluated by flow cytometry using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. A second round of TIL expansion following the rapid expansion protocol was performed on a subset of samples with successful TIL expansion. RESULTS TILs were successfully expanded from 36.2% samples. Failure was due to contamination (27.6%) or insufficient expansion (36.2%). Only the stromal TIL percentage was significantly associated with successful TIL expansion (p = 0.032). The stromal TIL percentage also displayed a correlation with the expanded TILs per fragment (r = 0.341, p = 0.048). On flow cytometry analysis using 13 samples with successful TIL expansion, CD4 + T cell dominancy was seen in 69.2% of cases. Effector memory T cells were the major phenotype of expanded CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in all cases. CONCLUSION We could expand TILs from approximately one-third of HNSCC samples. TIL expansion could be applicable in HNSCC samples with diverse clinicopathological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjoon Choi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Korea 21 project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Mofazzal Hossain
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 project, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Baek
- Department of Pathology, Brain Korea 21 project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - DoYeon Han
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 project, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Park
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 project, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeok Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 project, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyungyub Gong
- Department of Pathology, Brain Korea 21 project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Na Kweon
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Department of Convergence Medicine, Brain Korea 21 project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Brain Korea 21 project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- NeogenTC Corp, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Osher N, Kang J, Krishnan S, Rao A, Baladandayuthapani V. SPARTIN: a Bayesian method for the quantification and characterization of cell type interactions in spatial pathology data. Front Genet 2023; 14:1175603. [PMID: 37274781 PMCID: PMC10232864 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1175603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The acquisition of high-resolution digital pathology imaging data has sparked the development of methods to extract context-specific features from such complex data. In the context of cancer, this has led to increased exploration of the tumor microenvironment with respect to the presence and spatial composition of immune cells. Spatial statistical modeling of the immune microenvironment may yield insights into the role played by the immune system in the natural development of cancer as well as downstream therapeutic interventions. Methods: In this paper, we present SPatial Analysis of paRtitioned Tumor-Immune imagiNg (SPARTIN), a Bayesian method for the spatial quantification of immune cell infiltration from pathology images. SPARTIN uses Bayesian point processes to characterize a novel measure of local tumor-immune cell interaction, Cell Type Interaction Probability (CTIP). CTIP allows rigorous incorporation of uncertainty and is highly interpretable, both within and across biopsies, and can be used to assess associations with genomic and clinical features. Results: Through simulations, we show SPARTIN can accurately distinguish various patterns of cellular interactions as compared to existing methods. Using SPARTIN, we characterized the local spatial immune cell infiltration within and across 335 melanoma biopsies and evaluated their association with genomic, phenotypic, and clinical outcomes. We found that CTIP was significantly (negatively) associated with deconvolved immune cell prevalence scores including CD8+ T-Cells and Natural Killer cells. Furthermore, average CTIP scores differed significantly across previously established transcriptomic classes and significantly associated with survival outcomes. Discussion: SPARTIN provides a general framework for investigating spatial cellular interactions in high-resolution digital histopathology imaging data and its associations with patient level characteristics. The results of our analysis have potential implications relevant to both treatment and prognosis in the context of Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. The R-package for SPARTIN is available at https://github.com/bayesrx/SPARTIN along with a visualization tool for the images and results at: https://nateosher.github.io/SPARTIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Osher
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Santhoshi Krishnan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Veerabhadran Baladandayuthapani
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Millar DG, Yang SYC, Sayad A, Zhao Q, Nguyen LT, Warner K, Sangster AG, Nakatsugawa M, Murata K, Wang BX, Shaw P, Clarke B, Bernardini MQ, Pugh T, Thibault P, Hirano N, Perreault C, Ohashi PS. Identification of antigenic epitopes recognized by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in high grade serous ovarian cancer by multi-omics profiling of the auto-antigen repertoire. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023:10.1007/s00262-023-03413-7. [PMID: 36943460 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing tumor cell killing by tumor-specific T cells hold great potential for reducing tumor burden and prolonging survival of cancer patients. Although many potential tumor antigens have been described, identifying relevant targets when designing anti-cancer vaccines or targeted cell therapies remains a challenge. To identify novel, potentially immunogenic candidate tumor antigens, we performed integrated tumor transcriptomic, seromic, and proteomic analyses of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) patient tumor samples. We identified tumor neo-antigens and over-expressed antigens using whole exome and RNA sequencing and examined these in relation to patient-matched auto-antibody repertoires. Focusing on MHC class I epitopes recognized by CD8+ T cells, HLA-binding epitopes were identified or predicted from the highly expressed, mutated, or auto-antibody target antigen, or MHC-associated peptides (MAPs). Recognition of candidate antigenic peptides was assessed within the tumor-infiltrating T lymphocyte (TIL) population expanded from each patient. Known tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and cancer/testis antigens (CTA) were commonly found in the auto-antibody and MAP repertoires and CD8+ TILs recognizing epitopes from these antigens were detected, although neither expression level nor the presence of auto-antibodies correlated with TIL recognition. Auto-antibodies against tumor-mutated antigens were found in most patients, however, no TIL recognition of the highest predicted affinity neo-epitopes was detected. Using high expression level, auto-antibody recognition, and epitope prediction algorithms, we identified epitopes in 5 novel antigens (MOB1A, SOCS3, TUBB, PRKAR1A, CCDC6) recognized by HGSC patient TILs. Furthermore, selection of epitopes from the MAP repertoire identified 5 additional targets commonly recognized by multiple patient TILs. We find that the repertoire of TIL specificities includes recognition of highly expressed and immunogenic self-antigens that are processed and presented by tumors. These results indicate an ongoing autoimmune response against a range of self-antigens targeted by HGSC TILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Millar
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - S Y Cindy Yang
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Azin Sayad
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Linh T Nguyen
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Kathrin Warner
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Ami G Sangster
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Munehide Nakatsugawa
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Kenji Murata
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Ben X Wang
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Patricia Shaw
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Blaise Clarke
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Marcus Q Bernardini
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Clinical Research Unit (CCRU), Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor Pugh
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claude Perreault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Jahangir M, Yazdani O, Kahrizi MS, Soltanzadeh S, Javididashtbayaz H, Mivefroshan A, Ilkhani S, Esbati R. Clinical potential of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC): a rapidly evolving strategy. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:401. [PMID: 36510217 PMCID: PMC9743549 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade therapy has become a game-changing therapeutic approach revolutionizing the treatment setting of human malignancies, such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Despite the remarkable clinical activity of anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies, only a small portion of patients exhibit a positive response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, and the primary or acquired resistance might ultimately favor cancer development in patients with clinical responses. In light of this, recent reports have signified that the addition of other therapeutic modalities to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy might improve clinical responses in advanced RCC patients. Until, combination therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy plus cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor (ipilimumab) or various vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) inhibitors axitinib, such as axitinib and cabozantinib, has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as first-line treatment for metastatic RCC. In the present review, we have focused on the therapeutic benefits of the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy as a single agent or in combination with other conventional or innovative targeted therapies in RCC patients. We also offer a glimpse into the well-determined prognostic factor associated with the clinical response of RCC patients to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadsaleh Jahangir
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Yazdani
- grid.411600.2School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeed Kahrizi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Surgery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz Iran
| | - Sara Soltanzadeh
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Javididashtbayaz
- grid.411768.d0000 0004 1756 1744Baran Oncology Clinic, Medical Faculty, Islamic Azad University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azam Mivefroshan
- grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Department of Adult Nephrology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saba Ilkhani
- grid.411600.2Department of Surgery and Vascular Surgery, Shohada-ye-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Romina Esbati
- grid.411600.2School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Murata K, Ly D, Saijo H, Matsunaga Y, Sugata K, Ihara F, Oryoji D, Ohashi Y, Saso K, Wang CH, Zheng EY, Burt BD, Butler MO, Hirano N. Modification of the HLA-A*24:02 Peptide Binding Pocket Enhances Cognate Peptide-Binding Capacity and Antigen-Specific T Cell Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:1481-1491. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The immunogenicity of a T cell Ag is correlated with the ability of its antigenic epitope to bind HLA and be stably presented to T cells. This presents a challenge for the development of effective cancer immunotherapies, as many self-derived tumor-associated epitopes elicit weak T cell responses, in part due to weak binding affinity to HLA. Traditional methods to increase peptide–HLA binding affinity involve modifying the peptide to reflect HLA allele binding preferences. Using a different approach, we sought to analyze whether the immunogenicity of wild-type peptides could be altered through modification of the HLA binding pocket. After analyzing HLA class I peptide binding pocket alignments, we identified an alanine 81 to leucine (A81L) modification within the F binding pocket of HLA-A*24:02 that was found to heighten the ability of artificial APCs to retain and present HLA-A*24:02–restricted peptides, resulting in increased T cell responses while retaining Ag specificity. This modification led to increased peptide exchange efficiencies for enhanced detection of low-avidity T cells and, when expressed on artificial APCs, resulted in greater expansion of Ag-specific T cells from melanoma-derived tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Our study provides an example of how modifications to the HLA binding pocket can enhance wild-type cognate peptide presentation to heighten T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Murata
- *Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dalam Ly
- *Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Saijo
- *Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yukiko Matsunaga
- *Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenji Sugata
- *Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fumie Ihara
- *Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daisuke Oryoji
- *Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yota Ohashi
- *Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- †Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Kayoko Saso
- *Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chung-Hsi Wang
- *Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- †Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Evey Y.F. Zheng
- *Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- †Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Brian D. Burt
- *Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus O. Butler
- *Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- †Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
- ‡Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- *Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- †Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
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Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) Therapy for Solid Tumor Treatment: Progressions and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174160. [PMID: 36077696 PMCID: PMC9455018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, immunotherapy, especially cell-based immunotherapy, has provided new strategies for cancer therapy. Recent clinical studies demonstrated that adopting cell transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for advanced solid tumors showed good efficacy. TIL therapy is a type of cell-based immunotherapy using the patient’s own immune cells from the microenvironment of the solid tumor to kill tumor cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the current strategies and challenges in TIL isolation and generation. Moreover, the current clinical experience of TIL therapy is summarized and discussed, with an emphasis on lymphodepletion regimen, the use of interleukin-2, and related toxicity. Furthermore, we highlight the clinical trials where TIL therapy is used independently and in combination with other types of therapy for solid cancers. Finally, the limitations, future potential, and directions of TIL therapy for solid tumor treatment are also discussed.
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Expansion of Lymphocytes from Prostatic Adenocarcinoma and Adjacent Nonmalignant Tissue. Prostate Cancer 2022; 2022:6499344. [PMID: 35754788 PMCID: PMC9225894 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6499344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The evaluation of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in solid malignancies has yielded insights into immune regulation within the tumour microenvironment and has also led to the development and optimisation of adoptive T cell therapies. Objectives This study examined the in vitro expansion of TILs from prostate adenocarcinoma, as a preliminary step to evaluate the potential of TILs for adoptive T cell therapy. Design, Setting, and Participants. Malignant and adjacent nonmalignant tissues were obtained from fifteen men undergoing radical prostatectomy. Interventions. There were no study interventions. Outcome Measurements and Statistical Analysis. Expanded cells were analysed by flow cytometry, and the data was assessed for associations between cell subpopulations and expansion rate. Results Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes could be expanded to numbers that would be needed to generate a therapeutic infusion product from nine of 15 malignant specimens (60%). The CD4+ T cells predominated over CD8+ T cells (median 56.8% CD4+, 30.0% CD8+), and furthermore, faster TIL expansion was associated with a higher proportion of CD4+ T cells (median 69.8% in faster-growing cultures; 36.8% in slower-growing cultures). A higher proportion of CD3−CD56+ cells versus CD3+ cells was associated with slower TIL expansion in cultures from malignant specimens (median 13.3% in slower-growing cultures versus 2.05% in faster-growing cultures), but not from nonmalignant specimens. Conclusions The expansion of TILs for potential therapeutic use is feasible. Our findings also indicate that further examination of TILs from prostate adenocarcinomas may yield insights into mechanisms of regulation of T cells within the tumour microenvironment. Further research is required to evaluate their therapeutic potential.
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Ko A, Coward VS, Gokgoz N, Dickson BC, Tsoi K, Wunder JS, Andrulis IL. Investigating the Potential of Isolating and Expanding Tumour-Infiltrating Lymphocytes from Adult Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030548. [PMID: 35158816 PMCID: PMC8833772 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sarcomas are rare cancers that arise from connective tissue. There are more than 50 subtypes, many of which are associated with a high risk of metastasis and poor prognosis. Subtype-specific treatment is limited and conventional treatment for advanced disease has varying effects across individuals and tumour subtypes. Adoptive cell therapy shows potential to provide more personalized treatment; this study aims to explore the potential of using tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) to treat sarcoma. We optimized a sarcoma-specific expansion protocol and successfully expanded TILs from 54 of 92 sarcoma specimens. We characterized primarily CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the expanded TIL cultures and demonstrated their reactivity to general stimuli. Although sarcomas in general do not have abundant lymphocytic infiltration, our expansion protocol allowed for successful expansions of viable and reactive lymphocytes, thus showing the prospects of adopting TIL therapy in sarcoma. Abstract Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal neoplasms, many of which are associated with a high risk of metastasis and poor prognosis. Conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapies have varying effects across individuals and tumour subtypes. The current therapies frequently provide limited clinical benefit; hence, more effective treatments are urgently needed. Recent advances in immunotherapy, such as checkpoint inhibition or adoptive cell therapy (ACT), show potential in increasing efficacy by providing a more personalized treatment. Therapy with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is an emerging field in immunotherapy. Here, we collected 190 sarcoma tumour specimens from patients without pre-operative adjuvant treatment in order to isolate TILs. We compared different methods of TIL expansion and optimized a protocol specifically for efficacy in culturing TILs from sarcoma. The expanded TIL populations were characterized by flow cytometry analysis using CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19 and CD56 markers. The TIL populations were non-specifically stimulated to establish TIL reactivity. Through an optimized expansion protocol, TILs were isolated and cultured from 54 of 92 primary sarcoma specimens. The isolated TILs varied in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell compositions and retained their ability to release IFNγ upon stimulation. Our results suggest that certain sarcoma subtypes have the potential to yield a sufficient number of TILs for TIL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (B.C.D.); (I.L.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Victoria S. Coward
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Nalan Gokgoz
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (N.G.); (J.S.W.)
| | - Brendan C. Dickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (B.C.D.); (I.L.A.)
- University of Toronto Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Kim Tsoi
- University of Toronto Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada;
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Jay S. Wunder
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (N.G.); (J.S.W.)
- University of Toronto Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada;
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (B.C.D.); (I.L.A.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (N.G.); (J.S.W.)
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10
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Loo Yau H, Bell E, Ettayebi I, de Almeida FC, Boukhaled GM, Shen SY, Allard D, Morancho B, Marhon SA, Ishak CA, Gonzaga IM, da Silva Medina T, Singhania R, Chakravarthy A, Chen R, Mehdipour P, Pommey S, Klein C, Amarante-Mendes GP, Roulois D, Arribas J, Stagg J, Brooks DG, De Carvalho DD. DNA hypomethylating agents increase activation and cytolytic activity of CD8 + T cells. Mol Cell 2021; 81:1469-1483.e8. [PMID: 33609448 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that DNA hypomethylating agent (HMA) treatment can directly modulate the anti-tumor response and effector function of CD8+ T cells. In vivo HMA treatment promotes CD8+ T cell tumor infiltration and suppresses tumor growth via CD8+ T cell-dependent activity. Ex vivo, HMAs enhance primary human CD8+ T cell activation markers, effector cytokine production, and anti-tumor cytolytic activity. Epigenomic and transcriptomic profiling shows that HMAs vastly regulate T cell activation-related transcriptional networks, culminating with over-activation of NFATc1 short isoforms. Mechanistically, demethylation of an intragenic CpG island immediately downstream to the 3' UTR of the short isoform was associated with antisense transcription and alternative polyadenylation of NFATc1 short isoforms. High-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry analyses reveal a selective effect of HMAs on a subset of human CD8+ T cell subpopulations, increasing both the number and abundance of a granzyme Bhigh, perforinhigh effector subpopulation. Overall, our findings support the use of HMAs as a therapeutic strategy to boost anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Loo Yau
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Emma Bell
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Ilias Ettayebi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Felipe Campos de Almeida
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT-iii), São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Giselle M Boukhaled
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shu Yi Shen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - David Allard
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Beatriz Morancho
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and CIBERONC, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sajid A Marhon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Charles A Ishak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Isabela M Gonzaga
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Tiago da Silva Medina
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Translational Immuno-oncology Laboratory, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-001, Brazil
| | - Rajat Singhania
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Ankur Chakravarthy
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Raymond Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Parinaz Mehdipour
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Sandra Pommey
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Wagistrasse 10, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Gustavo P Amarante-Mendes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT-iii), São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - David Roulois
- UMR U1236, INSERM, Université de Rennes 1, EFS, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and CIBERONC, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - David G Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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11
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Cappuccini F, Bryant R, Pollock E, Carter L, Verrill C, Hollidge J, Poulton I, Baker M, Mitton C, Baines A, Meier A, Schmidt G, Harrop R, Protheroe A, MacPherson R, Kennish S, Morgan S, Vigano S, Romero PJ, Evans T, Catto J, Hamdy F, Hill AVS, Redchenko I. Safety and immunogenicity of novel 5T4 viral vectored vaccination regimens in early stage prostate cancer: a phase I clinical trial. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000928. [PMID: 32591433 PMCID: PMC7319775 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) has been under investigation as a target for antigen-specific immunotherapies in metastatic disease settings for the last two decades leading to a licensure of the first therapeutic cancer vaccine, Sipuleucel-T, in 2010. However, neither Sipuleucel-T nor other experimental PCa vaccines that emerged later induce strong T-cell immunity. METHODS In this first-in-man study, VANCE, we evaluated a novel vaccination platform based on two replication-deficient viruses, chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd) and MVA (Modified Vaccinia Ankara), targeting the oncofetal self-antigen 5T4 in early stage PCa. Forty patients, either newly diagnosed with early-stage PCa and scheduled for radical prostatectomy or patients with stable disease on an active surveillance protocol, were recruited to the study to assess the vaccine safety and T-cell immunogenicity. Secondary and exploratory endpoints included immune infiltration into the prostate, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) change, and assessment of phenotype and functionality of antigen-specific T cells. RESULTS The vaccine had an excellent safety profile. Vaccination-induced 5T4-specific T-cell responses were measured in blood by ex vivo IFN-γ ELISpot and were detected in the majority of patients with a mean level in responders of 198 spot-forming cells per million peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated the presence of both CD8+ and CD4+ polyfunctional 5T4-specific T cells in the circulation. 5T4-reactive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were isolated from post-treatment prostate tissue. Some of the patients had a transient PSA rise 2-8 weeks following vaccination, possibly indicating an inflammatory response in the target organ. CONCLUSIONS An excellent safety profile and T-cell responses elicited in the circulation and also detected in the prostate gland support the evaluation of the ChAdOx1-MVA 5T4 vaccine in efficacy trials. It remains to be seen if this vaccination strategy generates immune responses of sufficient magnitude to mediate clinical efficacy and whether it can be effective in late-stage PCa settings, as a monotherapy in advanced disease or as part of multi-modality PCa therapy. To address these questions, the phase I/II trial, ADVANCE, is currently recruiting patients with intermediate-risk PCa, and patients with advanced metastatic castration-resistant PCa, to receive this vaccine in combination with nivolumab. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02390063).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cappuccini
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Bryant
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Emily Pollock
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy Carter
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Clare Verrill
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Julianne Hollidge
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian Poulton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Megan Baker
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Celia Mitton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Baines
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Protheroe
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Steven Kennish
- Department of Radiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Susan Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Selena Vigano
- Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro J Romero
- Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - James Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Freddie Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Irina Redchenko
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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12
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Georgescu SR, Tampa M, Mitran CI, Mitran MI, Caruntu C, Caruntu A, Lupu M, Matei C, Constantin C, Neagu M. Tumour Microenvironment in Skin Carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1226:123-142. [PMID: 32030681 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36214-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumour microenvironment is a complex system comprising cells and molecules that will provide the necessary conditions for tumour development and progression. Cells residing in the tumour microenvironment gain specific phenotypes and specific functions that are pro-tumorigenic. Tumour progression is in fact a combination between tumour cell characteristics and its interplay with tumour microenvironment. This dynamic network will allow tumour cells to grow, migrate and invade tissues. In the present chapter, we are highlighting some traits that characterise tumour microenvironment in basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous melanoma. In skin cancers, there are some common tumour microenvironment characteristics such as the presence of tumour-associated macrophages and regulatory T lymphocytes that are non-tumour cells promoting tumorigenesis. There are also skin cancer type differences in terms of tumour microenvironment characteristics. Thus, markers such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor in melanoma or the extraordinary diverse genetic make-up in the cancer-associated fibroblasts associated to squamous cell carcinoma are just a few of specific traits in skin cancer types. New technological advances for evaluation of tumour environment are presented. Thus, non-invasive skin imaging techniques such as reflectance confocal microscopy can evaluate skin tumour inflammatory infiltrates for density and cellular populations. Analysing tumour micromedium in depth may offer new insights into cancer therapy and identify new therapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Roxana Georgescu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,"Victor Babes" Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Tampa
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. .,"Victor Babes" Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cristina Iulia Mitran
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,"Cantacuzino" National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Irina Mitran
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,"Cantacuzino" National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. .,Department of Dermatology, "Prof. N. Paulescu" National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Carol Davila" Central Military Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, "Titu Maiorescu" University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Lupu
- Department of Dermatology, MEDAS Medical Center, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Clara Matei
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania. .,Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania. .,Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
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13
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Nguyen LT, Saibil SD, Sotov V, Le MX, Khoja L, Ghazarian D, Bonilla L, Majeed H, Hogg D, Joshua AM, Crump M, Franke N, Spreafico A, Hansen A, Al-Habeeb A, Leong W, Easson A, Reedijk M, Goldstein DP, McCready D, Yasufuku K, Waddell T, Cypel M, Pierre A, Zhang B, Boross-Harmer S, Cipollone J, Nelles M, Scheid E, Fyrsta M, Lo CS, Nie J, Yam JY, Yen PH, Gray D, Motta V, Elford AR, DeLuca S, Wang L, Effendi S, Ellenchery R, Hirano N, Ohashi PS, Butler MO. Phase II clinical trial of adoptive cell therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma with autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and low-dose interleukin-2. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:773-785. [PMID: 30747243 PMCID: PMC11028227 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has shown significant clinical benefit, but is limited by toxicities due to a requirement for post-infusion interleukin-2 (IL-2), for which high dose is standard. To assess a modified TIL protocol using lower dose IL-2, we performed a single institution phase II protocol in unresectable, metastatic melanoma. The primary endpoint was response rate. Secondary endpoints were safety and assessment of immune correlates following TIL infusion. Twelve metastatic melanoma patients were treated with non-myeloablative lymphodepleting chemotherapy, TIL, and low-dose subcutaneous IL-2 (125,000 IU/kg/day, maximum 9-10 doses over 2 weeks). All but one patient had previously progressed after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. No unexpected adverse events were observed, and patients received an average of 6.8 doses of IL-2. By RECIST v1.1, two patients experienced a partial response, one patient had an unconfirmed partial response, and six had stable disease. Biomarker assessment confirmed an increase in IL-15 levels following lymphodepleting chemotherapy as expected and a lack of peripheral regulatory T-cell expansion following protocol treatment. Interrogation of the TIL infusion product and monitoring of the peripheral blood following infusion suggested engraftment of TIL. In one responding patient, a population of T cells expressing a T-cell receptor Vβ chain that was dominant in the infusion product was present at a high percentage in peripheral blood more than 2 years after TIL infusion. This study shows that this protocol of low-dose IL-2 following adoptive cell transfer of TIL is feasible and clinically active. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01883323.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh T Nguyen
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Samuel D Saibil
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Valentin Sotov
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael X Le
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leila Khoja
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Danny Ghazarian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Luisa Bonilla
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Habeeb Majeed
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Hogg
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Crump
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Norman Franke
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aaron Hansen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ayman Al-Habeeb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wey Leong
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexandra Easson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Reedijk
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - David P Goldstein
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - David McCready
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Waddell
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcelo Cypel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew Pierre
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bianzheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sarah Boross-Harmer
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jane Cipollone
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Megan Nelles
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Scheid
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Fyrsta
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Charlotte S Lo
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jessica Nie
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jennifer Y Yam
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pei Hua Yen
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Diana Gray
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vinicius Motta
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alisha R Elford
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephanie DeLuca
- Department of Pharmacy, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lisa Wang
- Drug Development Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephanie Effendi
- Drug Development Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ragitha Ellenchery
- Drug Development Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 9-622, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.
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14
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Neagu M, Constantin C, Caruntu C, Dumitru C, Surcel M, Zurac S. Inflammation: A key process in skin tumorigenesis. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4068-4084. [PMID: 30944600 PMCID: PMC6444305 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The extremely delicate shift from an inflammatory process to tumorigenesis is a field of major scientific interest. While the inflammation induced by environmental agents has well known underlying mechanisms, less is known concerning the oncogenic changes that follow an inflammatory chronic status in the tissue microenvironment that can lead to pro-tumorigenic processes. Regardless of the origin of the environmental factors, the maintenance of an inflammatory microenvironment is a clear condition that favors tumorigenesis. Inflammation sustains the proliferation and survival of malignant transformed cells, can promote angiogenesis and metastatic processes, can negatively regulate the antitumoral adaptive and innate immune responses and may alter the efficacy of therapeutic agents. There is an abundance of studies focusing on molecular pathways that trigger inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis, and these data have revealed a series of biomarkers that can improve the diagnosis and prognosis in oncology. In skin there is a clear connection between tissue destruction, inflammation and tumor onset. Inflammation is a self-limiting process in normal physiological conditions, while tumor is a constitutive process activating new pro-tumor mechanisms. Among skin cancers, the most commonly diagnosed skin cancers, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) have important inflammatory components. The most aggressive skin cancer, melanoma, is extensively research in regards to the new context of novel developed immune-therapies. In skin cancers, inflammatory markers can find their place in the biomarker set for improvement of diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050107 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunobiology Laboratory, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Dumitru
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Surcel
- Immunobiology Laboratory, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050107 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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15
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Benveniste PM, Nakatsugawa M, Nguyen L, Ohashi PS, Hirano N, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC. In vitro-generated MART-1-specific CD8 T cells display a broader T-cell receptor repertoire than ex vivo naïve and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:427-434. [PMID: 30633397 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of human hematopoietic stem cells into CD8 T cells can be achieved in vitro with the OP9-DL4 system. We considered that in the absence of medullary thymic epithelial cells, which serve to restrict the breath of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire by expressing tissue-restricted antigens, a distinct repertoire would be generated in vitro. To test this notion, we compared the TCR-Vα/Vβ (TRAV/TRBV) gene usage of major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen (MART-1)-specific T cells generated in vitro to that from ex vivo naïve T cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) using high-throughput DNA sequencing. In contrast to naïve T cells and TILs, which showed the expected narrow TRAV repertoire, in vitro-generated MART-1-specific T cells used almost all TRAV gene families and displayed unique CDR3 lengths. Our work demonstrates that the OP9-DL4 system supports the creation of a broad antigen-specific TCR repertoire, suggesting that T cells generated in vitro may undergo a different set of selection events that otherwise constrains the TCR repertoire of thymus-derived T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linh Nguyen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juan Carlos Zúñiga-Pflücker
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Mulder DT, Mahé ER, Dowar M, Hanna Y, Li T, Nguyen LT, Butler MO, Hirano N, Delabie J, Ohashi PS, Pugh TJ. CapTCR-seq: hybrid capture for T-cell receptor repertoire profiling. Blood Adv 2018; 2:3506-3514. [PMID: 30530777 PMCID: PMC6290103 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017014639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature T-cell lymphomas consisting of an expanded clonal population of T cells that possess common rearrangements of the T-cell receptor (TCR) encoding genes can be identified and monitored using molecular methods of T-cell repertoire analysis. We have developed a hybrid-capture method that enriches DNA sequencing libraries for fragments encoding rearranged TCR genes from all 4 loci in a single reaction. We use this method to describe the TCR repertoires of 63 putative lymphoma clinical isolates, 7 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations, and a collection of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Dominant Variable (V) and Joining (J) gene pair rearrangements in cancer cells were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and Sanger sequencing; clonality assessment of clinical isolates using BIOMED-2 methods showed agreement for 73% and 77% of samples at the β and γ loci, respectively, whereas β locus V and J allele prevalence in PBMCs were well correlated with results from commercial PCR-based DNA sequencing assays (r 2 = 0.94 with Adaptive ImmunoSEQ, 0.77-0.83 with Invivoscribe LymphoTrack TRB Assay). CapTCR-seq allows for rapid, high-throughput and flexible characterization of dominant clones within TCR repertoire that will facilitate quantitative analysis of patient samples and enhance sensitivity of tumor surveillance over time.
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MESH Headings
- Gene Library
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Genetic Loci
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Mulder
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Etienne R Mahé
- Division of Hematology, Calgary Laboratory Services and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mark Dowar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Youstina Hanna
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tiantian Li
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Linh T Nguyen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naoto Hirano
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jan Delabie
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; and
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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17
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Owens GL, Price MJ, Cheadle EJ, Hawkins RE, Gilham DE, Edmondson RJ. Ex vivo expanded tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes from ovarian cancer patients release anti-tumour cytokines in response to autologous primary ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1519-1531. [PMID: 30039427 PMCID: PMC6182400 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of gynaecological cancer-related death in Europe. Although most patients achieve an initial complete response with first-line treatment, recurrence occurs in more than 80% of cases. Thus, there is a clear unmet need for novel second-line treatments. EOC is frequently infiltrated with T lymphocytes, the presence of which has been shown to be associated with improved clinical outcomes. Adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) using ex vivo-expanded tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has shown remarkable efficacy in other immunogenic tumours, and may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for EOC. In this preclinical study, we investigated the efficacy of using anti-CD3/anti-CD28 magnetic beads and IL-2 to expand TILs from freshly resected ovarian tumours. TILs were expanded for up to 3 weeks, and then subjected to a rapid-expansion protocol (REP) using irradiated feeder cells. Tumours were collected from 45 patients with EOC and TILs were successfully expanded from 89.7% of biopsies. Expanded CD4+ and CD8+ subsets demonstrated features associated with memory phenotypes, and had significantly higher expression of key activation and functional markers than unexpanded TILs. Expanded TILs produced anti-tumour cytokines when co-cultured with autologous tumour cells, inferring tumour cytotoxicity. Our findings demonstrate that it is possible to re-activate and expand tumour-reactive T cells from ovarian tumours. This presents a promising immunotherapy that could be used sequentially or in combination with current therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Owens
- Gynaecological Oncology, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research Floor, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Immunotherapy, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Marcus J Price
- Gynaecological Oncology, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research Floor, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Eleanor J Cheadle
- Targeted Therapy Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert E Hawkins
- Clinical and Experimental Immunotherapy, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - David E Gilham
- Clinical and Experimental Immunotherapy, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard J Edmondson
- Gynaecological Oncology, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research Floor, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
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18
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Bjoern J, Lyngaa R, Andersen R, Hölmich LR, Hadrup SR, Donia M, Svane IM. Influence of ipilimumab on expanded tumour derived T cells from patients with metastatic melanoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27062-27074. [PMID: 28423678 PMCID: PMC5432318 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumour infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) based adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a promising treatment for patients with advanced melanoma. Retrospective studies suggested an association between previous treatment with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies and long term survival after subsequent ACT. Thus, we hypothesized that treatment with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies can induce favourable changes to be detected in TILs. RESULTS Expanded T cells from Ipilimumab treated patients had a higher proportion of cells expressing CD27, intracellular CTLA-4, TIM-3 and LAG-3. In addition, broader and more frequent T cell responses against common tumour antigens were detected in patients treated with Ipilimumab as compared to anti-CTLA-4 naïve patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expanded TILs were obtained from patients with advanced melanoma who had received Ipilimumab in the previous six months, or had not received any type of anti-CTLA-4 antibody. T cell specificity and expression of phenotypic and exhaustion markers were scrutinized as well as functional properties. CONCLUSIONS Ipilimumab may induce tumor-infiltration of T cells of a more naïve phenotype expressing markers related to activation or exhaustion. Additionally, Ipilimumab may increase the frequency of T cells recognizing common tumour associated antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Bjoern
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lyngaa
- Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Andersen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sine Reker Hadrup
- Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Lee HJ, Kim YA, Sim CK, Heo SH, Song IH, Park HS, Park SY, Bang WS, Park IA, Lee M, Lee JH, Cho YS, Chang S, Jung J, Kim J, Lee SB, Kim SY, Lee MS, Gong G. Expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and their potential for application as adoptive cell transfer therapy in human breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113345-113359. [PMID: 29371915 PMCID: PMC5768332 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of ex vivo expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been successful in treating a considerable proportion of patients with metastatic melanoma. In addition, some patients with several other solid tumors were recently reported to have benefited clinically from such ACT. However, it remains unclear whether ACT using TILs is broadly applicable in breast cancer, the most common cancer in women. In this study, the utility of TILs as an ACT source in breast cancers was explored by deriving TILs from a large number of breast cancer samples and assessing their biological potentials. We successfully expanded TILs ex vivo under a standard TIL culture condition from over 100 breast cancer samples, including all breast cancer subtypes. We also found that the information about the percentage of TIL and presence of tertiary lymphoid structure in the tumor tissues could be useful for estimating the number of obtainable TILs after ex vivo culture. The ex vivo expanded TILs contained a considerable level of central memory phenotype T cells (about 20%), and a large proportion of TIL samples were reactive to autologous tumor cells in vitro. Furthermore, the in vitro tumor-reactive autologous TILs could also function in vivo in a xenograft mouse model implanted with the primary tumor tissue. Collectively, these results strongly indicate that ACT using ex vivo expanded autologous TILs is a feasible option in treating patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ae Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Kyu Sim
- Lab of Molecular Immunology and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Heo
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Hye Song
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seon Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Young Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Seon Bang
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Ah Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miseon Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Lee
- Lab of Molecular Immunology and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Sook Cho
- Lab of Molecular Immunology and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeyun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Byul Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Myeong Sup Lee
- Lab of Molecular Immunology and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyungyub Gong
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Lardone RD, Chan AA, Lee AF, Foshag LJ, Faries MB, Sieling PA, Lee DJ. Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Alters Melanoma Microenvironment Favoring Antitumor T Cell Responses and Improving M2 Macrophage Function. Front Immunol 2017; 8:965. [PMID: 28848560 PMCID: PMC5554507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intralesional Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has long been a relatively inexpensive therapy for inoperable cutaneous metastatic melanoma (CMM), although intralesional BCG skin mechanisms remain understudied. We analyzed intralesional BCG-treated CMM lesions combined with in vitro studies to further investigate BCG-altered pathways. Since macrophages play a pivotal role against both cancer and mycobacterial infections, we hypothesized BCG regulates macrophages to promote antitumor immunity. Tumor-associated macrophages (M2) infiltrate melanomas and impair antitumor immunity. BCG-treated, in vitro-polarized M2 (M2-BCG) showed transcriptional changes involving inflammation, immune cell recruitment, cross talk, and activation pathways. Mechanistic network analysis indicated M2-BCG potential to improve interferon gamma (IFN-γ) responses. Accordingly, frequency of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells responding to M2-BCG vs. mock-treated M2 increased (p < 0.05). Moreover, conditioned media from M2-BCG vs. M2 elevated the frequency of granzyme B-producing CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) facing autologous melanoma cell lines (p < 0.01). Furthermore, transcriptome analysis of intralesional BCG-injected CMM relative to uninjected lesions showed immune function prevalence, with the most enriched pathways representing T cell activation mechanisms. In vitro-infected MM-derived cell lines stimulated higher frequency of IFN-γ-producing TIL from the same melanoma (p < 0.05). Our data suggest BCG favors antitumor responses in CMM through direct/indirect effects on tumor microenvironment cell types including macrophages, T cells, and tumor itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo D Lardone
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Alfred A Chan
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States.,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Agnes F Lee
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Leland J Foshag
- Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Mark B Faries
- Melanoma Research Program, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Peter A Sieling
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Delphine J Lee
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States.,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
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21
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Qin Y, Petaccia de Macedo M, Reuben A, Forget MA, Haymaker C, Bernatchez C, Spencer CN, Gopalakrishnan V, Reddy S, Cooper ZA, Fulbright OJ, Ramachandran R, Wahl A, Flores E, Thorsen ST, Tavera RJ, Conrad C, Williams MD, Tetzlaff MT, Wang WL, Gombos DS, Esmaeli B, Amaria RN, Hwu P, Wargo JA, Lazar AJ, Patel SP. Parallel profiling of immune infiltrate subsets in uveal melanoma versus cutaneous melanoma unveils similarities and differences: A pilot study. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1321187. [PMID: 28680759 PMCID: PMC5486182 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1321187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The low response rates to immunotherapy in uveal melanoma (UM) sharply contrast with reputable response rates in cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients. To characterize the mechanisms responsible for resistance to immunotherapy in UM, we performed immune profiling in tumors from 10 metastatic UM patients and 10 metastatic CM patients by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Although there is no difference in infiltrating CD8+ T cells between UM and CM, a significant decrease in programmed death-1 (PD-1)-positive lymphocytes was observed and lower levels of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in UM metastases compared with CM metastases. Tumors from metastatic UM patients showed a lower success rate of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) growth compared with metastatic CM (45% vs. 64% success), with a significantly lower quantity of UM TIL expanded overall. These studies suggest that UM and CM are immunologically distinct, and provide potential explanation for the impaired success of immunotherapy in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mariana Petaccia de Macedo
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine N Spencer
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sujan Reddy
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zachary A Cooper
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Orenthial J Fulbright
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Renjith Ramachandran
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arely Wahl
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Esteban Flores
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shawne T Thorsen
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rene J Tavera
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudius Conrad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle D Williams
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael T Tetzlaff
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dan S Gombos
- Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Head and Neck Surgery and The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bita Esmaeli
- Orbital Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodabe N Amaria
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sapna P Patel
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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22
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Crome SQ, Nguyen LT, Lopez-Verges S, Yang SYC, Martin B, Yam JY, Johnson DJ, Nie J, Pniak M, Yen PH, Milea A, Sowamber R, Katz SR, Bernardini MQ, Clarke BA, Shaw PA, Lang PA, Berman HK, Pugh TJ, Lanier LL, Ohashi PS. A distinct innate lymphoid cell population regulates tumor-associated T cells. Nat Med 2017; 23:368-375. [PMID: 28165478 PMCID: PMC5497996 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor T cells are subject to multiple mechanisms of negative regulation. Recent findings that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) regulate adaptive T cell responses led us to examine the regulatory potential of ILCs in the context of cancer. We identified a unique ILC population that inhibits tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from high-grade serous tumors, defined their suppressive capacity in vitro, and performed a comprehensive analysis of their phenotype. Notably, the presence of this CD56+CD3- population in TIL cultures was associated with reduced T cell numbers, and further functional studies demonstrated that this population suppressed TIL expansion and altered TIL cytokine production. Transcriptome analysis and phenotypic characterization determined that regulatory CD56+CD3- cells exhibit low cytotoxic activity, produce IL-22, and have an expression profile that overlaps with those of natural killer (NK) cells and other ILCs. NKp46 was highly expressed by these cells, and addition of anti-NKp46 antibodies to TIL cultures abrogated the ability of these regulatory ILCs to suppress T cell expansion. Notably, the presence of these regulatory ILCs in TIL cultures corresponded with a striking reduction in the time to disease recurrence. These studies demonstrate that a previously uncharacterized ILC population regulates the activity and expansion of tumor-associated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Q Crome
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linh T Nguyen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Lopez-Verges
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
| | - S Y Cindy Yang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Martin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Y Yam
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dylan J Johnson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Nie
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Pniak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pei Hua Yen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anca Milea
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramlogan Sowamber
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Rachel Katz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus Q Bernardini
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Blaise A Clarke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia A Shaw
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hal K Berman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Noonan KA, Huff CA, Davis J, Lemas MV, Fiorino S, Bitzan J, Ferguson A, Emerling A, Luznik L, Matsui W, Powell J, Fuchs E, Rosner GL, Epstein C, Rudraraju L, Ambinder RF, Jones RJ, Pardoll D, Borrello I. Adoptive transfer of activated marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes induces measurable antitumor immunity in the bone marrow in multiple myeloma. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:288ra78. [PMID: 25995224 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa7014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Successful adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) requires the ability to activate tumor-specific T cells with the ability to traffic to the tumor site and effectively kill their target as well as persist over time. We hypothesized that ACT using marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes (MILs) in multiple myeloma (MM) could impart greater antitumor immunity in that they were obtained from the tumor microenvironment. We describe the results from the first clinical trial using MILs in MM. Twenty-five patients with either newly diagnosed or relapsed disease had their MILs harvested, activated and expanded, and subsequently infused on the third day after myeloablative therapy. Cells were obtained and adequately expanded in all patients with anti-CD3/CD28 beads plus interleukin-2, and a median of 9.5 × 10(8) MILs were infused. Factors indicative of response to MIL ACT included (i) the presence of measurable myeloma-specific activity of the ex vivo expanded product, (ii) low endogenous bone marrow T cell interferon-γ production at baseline, (iii) a CD8(+) central memory phenotype at baseline, and (iv) the generation and persistence of myeloma-specific immunity in the bone marrow at 1 year after ACT. Achieving at least a 90% reduction in disease burden significantly increased the progression-free survival (25.1 months versus 11.8 months; P = 0.01). This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of MILs as a form of ACT with applicability across many hematologic malignancies and possibly solid tumors infiltrating the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Noonan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Carol A Huff
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Janice Davis
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - M Victor Lemas
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Susan Fiorino
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bitzan
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Anna Ferguson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Amy Emerling
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Leo Luznik
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - William Matsui
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jonathan Powell
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ephraim Fuchs
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Gary L Rosner
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Caroline Epstein
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Lakshmi Rudraraju
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Richard F Ambinder
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Richard J Jones
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Drew Pardoll
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ivan Borrello
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 453, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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Donia M, Junker N, Ellebaek E, Andersen MH, Straten PT, Svane IM. Characterization and comparison of 'standard' and 'young' tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy at a Danish translational research institution. Scand J Immunol 2015; 75:157-67. [PMID: 21955245 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with ex vivo expanded tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in combination with IL-2 is an effective treatment for metastatic melanoma. Modified protocols of cell expansion may allow the treatment of most enrolled patients and improve the efficacy of adoptively transferred cells. The aims of this study were to establish and validate the novel 'Young TIL' method at our institution and perform a head-to-head comparison of clinical-grade products generated with this protocol opposed to the conventional 'Standard TIL', which we are currently using in a pilot ACT trial for patients with melanoma. Our results confirm that 'Young TILs' display an earlier differentiation state, with higher CD27 and lower CD56 expression. In addition, CD8(+) TILs expressing CD27 had longer telomeres compared with the CD27(-). A recently described subset of NK cells, endowed with a high expression of CD56 (CD56(bright)), was detected for the first time in both types of cultures but at a higher frequency on Young TILs. Young and Standard TILs' reactivity against autologous tumours was similar, with significant expression of TNF-α/IFN-γ/CD107a by CD8(+) TILs detected in all cultures analysed. However, either slow expansion with high-dose IL-2 only or large numerical expansion with a rapid expansion protocol, which is required for current therapeutic protocols, significantly modified TIL phenotype by reducing the frequency of less differentiated, cancer-specific TILs. These studies further support the adoption of the Young TIL method in our current ACT trial and highlight the importance of continuous quality control of expansion protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Donia
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Herlev, DenmarkDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, ItalyDepartment of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - N Junker
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Herlev, DenmarkDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, ItalyDepartment of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - E Ellebaek
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Herlev, DenmarkDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, ItalyDepartment of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - M H Andersen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Herlev, DenmarkDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, ItalyDepartment of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - P T Straten
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Herlev, DenmarkDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, ItalyDepartment of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - I M Svane
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Herlev, DenmarkDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, ItalyDepartment of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
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Neagu M, Constantin C, Dumitrascu GR, Lupu AR, Caruntu C, Boda D, Zurac S. Inflammation markers in cutaneous melanoma - edgy biomarkers for prognosis. Discoveries (Craiova) 2015; 3:e38. [PMID: 32309563 PMCID: PMC6941591 DOI: 10.15190/d.2015.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a fine balance between inflammation and tumorigenesis. While environmentally induced inflammatory condition can precede a malignant transformation, in other cases an oncogenic change of unknown origin can induce an inflammatory microenvironment that promotes the development of tumors. Regardless of its origin, maintaining the inflammation milieu has many tumor-promoting effects. As a result, inflammation can aid the proliferation and survival of malignant cells, can promote angiogenesis and metastasis, can down-regulate innate/adaptive immune responses, and can alter responses to hormones and chemotherapeutic agents. There is an abundance of studies unveiling molecular pathways of cancer-related inflammation; this wealth of information brings new insights into biomarkers domain in the diagnosis and treatment improvement pursue.
In cutaneous tissue there is an established link between tissue damage, inflammation, and cancer development. Inflammation is a self-limiting process in normal healthy physiological conditions, while tumorigenesis is a complex mechanism of constitutive pathway activation. Once more, in cutaneous melanoma, there is an unmet need for inflammatory biomarkers that could improve prognostication. Targeting inflammation and coping with the phenotypic plasticity of melanoma cells represent rational strategies to specifically interfere with metastatic progression. We have shown that there is a prototype of intratumor inflammatory infiltrate depicting a good prognosis, infiltrate that is composed of numerous T cells CD3+, Langerhans cells, few/absent B cells CD20+ and few/absent plasma cells. Circulating immune cells characterized by phenotype particularities are delicately linked to the stage melanoma is diagnosed in. Hence circulatory immune sub-populations, with activated or suppressor phenotype would give the physician a more detailed immune status of the patient. A panel of tissue/circulatory immune markers can complete the immune status, can add value to the overall prognostic of the patient and, as a result direct/redirect the therapy choice. The future lies within establishing low-cost, affordable/available, easily reproducible assays that will complete the pre-clinical parameters of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Biochemistry, University of Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgiana Roxana Dumitrascu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Roxana Lupu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania.,Dermatology Research Laboratory, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Boda
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Department of Pathology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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Zhang GQ, Zhao H, Wu JY, Li JY, Yan X, Wang G, Wu LL, Zhang XG, Shao Y, Wang Y, Jiao SC. Prolonged overall survival in gastric cancer patients after adoptive immunotherapy. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2777-2785. [PMID: 25759549 PMCID: PMC4351231 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i9.2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the efficacy of immunotherapy with expanded activated autologous lymphocytes (EAALs) in gastric cancer.
METHODS: An observational study was designed to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 84 gastric cancer patients, of whom 42 were treated by EAAL immunotherapy plus conventional treatment and another 42 only received conventional treatment (control group). EAALs were obtained by proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients followed by phenotype determination. Clinical data including age, gender, clinical stage, chemotherapeutic regimens, hospitalization, surgical, radiotherapy, and survival data were collected along with EAAL therapy details and side effects. Patients were followed and the relationship between treatment and overall survival (OS) data obtained for the immunotherapy and control groups were compared retrospectively. The safety of EAAL immunotherapy was also evaluated.
RESULTS: After in vitro culture and proliferation, the percentages of CD3+, CD3+CD8+, CD8+CD27+, CD8+CD28+, and CD3+CD16+/CD56+ cells increased remarkably (P < 0.05), while the percentages of CD3+CD4+, CD4+CD25+, and CD3-CD16+/CD56+ (natural killer cells) were overtly decreased (P < 0.05); no significant change was observed in CD4+CD25+CD127- cells (P = 0.448). Interestingly, OS in the immunotherapy group was significantly higher than that in the control group, with 27.0 and 13.9 mo obtained for the two groups, respectively (P = 0.028, HR = 0.573, 95%CI: 0.347-0.945). These findings indicated a 42.7% decrease in the risk of death. In addition, we found that clinical stage and application of EAAL immunotherapy were independent prognostic factors for gastric cancer patients. Indeed, the OS in stage IIIc and IV patients that had received surgery was prolonged after EAAL immunotherapy (P < 0.05). Importantly, in vitro induction and proliferation of EAAL were easy and biologically safe.
CONCLUSION: Overall, EAAL adoptive immunotherapy might prolong the OS in gastric cancer patients.
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Levine BL. Performance-enhancing drugs: design and production of redirected chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:79-84. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Zhang G, Zhao H, Wu J, Li J, Xiang Y, Wang G, Wu L, Jiao S. Adoptive immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer by NK and cytotoxic T lymphocytes mixed effector cells: retrospective clinical observation. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:396-405. [PMID: 24881900 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to retrospectively investigate the efficacy of adaptive transfer of natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes mixed effector (NKTm) cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in comparison to a control group of NSCLC patients. NKTm cells were obtained by ex vivo expansion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients followed with phenotype determination. Primary end point was overall survival (OS). Ex vivo expansion caused significant enrichment of CD3(+), CD3(+)CD8(+), CD45RO(+), CD25(+), CD29(+) and CD3(+)CD16(+)/CD56(+) cells (P<0.05). The OS of the immunotherapy group was significantly longer than that of the control group and the risk of death decreased by 43.8% (31.1 months vs 18.1 months, P=0.008, HR=0.562, 95% CI 0.367-0.860). Two-year survival rate of patients in the immunotherapy group was better than in the control group (62.95% vs 35.44%, P<0.05). Gender, clinical stage, application of TKI, number of chemotherapy cycle, and application of NKTm immunotherapy were independent prognostic factors for NSCLC patients. The OS in subgroups of males, <60 years age, clinical stage IIIb+IV, no brain metastases, without radiotherapy, chemotherapy of >6 cycles, no application of TKI and TKI invalid was prolonged after NKTm cellular immunotherapy (P<0.05). Ex vivo expansion of NKTm cells was effective and had no adverse safety concerns, thus highlight that adaptive transfer of NKTm cells may prolong the OS of NSCLC patients and increase 2 year survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jianyu Wu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor Research Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Laboratory of Tumor Research Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shunchang Jiao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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PTEN functions as a melanoma tumor suppressor by promoting host immune response. Oncogene 2013; 33:4632-42. [PMID: 24141770 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells acquire several traits that allow for their survival and progression, including the ability to evade the host immune response. However, the mechanisms by which cancer cells evade host immune responses remain largely elusive. Here we study the phenomena of immune evasion in malignant melanoma cells. We find that the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is an important regulator of the host immune response against melanoma cells. Mechanistically, PTEN represses the expression of immunosuppressive cytokines by blocking the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. In melanoma cells lacking PTEN, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activates the transcription of immunosuppressive cytokines in a PI3K-dependent manner. Furthermore, conditioned media from PTEN-deficient, patient-derived short-term melanoma cultures and established melanoma cell lines blocked the production of the interleukin-12 (IL-12) in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Inhibition of IL-12 production was rescued by restoring PTEN or using neutralizing antibodies against the immunosuppressive cytokines. Furthermore, we report that PTEN, as an alternative mechanism to promote the host immune response against cancer cells, represses the expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand, a known repressor of the host immune response. Finally, to establish the clinical significance of our results, we analyzed malignant melanoma patient samples with or without brisk host responses. These analyses confirmed that PTEN loss is associated with a higher percentage of malignant melanoma samples with non-brisk host responses compared with samples with brisk host responses. Collectively, these results establish that PTEN functions as a melanoma tumor suppressor in part by regulating the host immune response against melanoma cells and highlight the importance of assessing PTEN status before recruiting melanoma patients for immunotherapies.
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Robert-Tissot C, Nguyen LT, Ohashi PS, Speiser DE. Mobilizing and evaluating anticancer T cells: pitfalls and solutions. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:1325-40. [PMID: 24127850 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2013.843456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising means to fight cancer, prompting a steady increase in clinical trials and correlative laboratory studies in this field. As antitumor T cells play central roles in immunity against malignant diseases, most immunotherapeutic protocols aim to induce and/or strengthen their function. Various treatment strategies have elicited encouraging clinical responses; however, major challenges have been uncovered that should be addressed in order to fully exploit the potential of immunotherapy. Here, we outline pitfalls for the mobilization of antitumor T cells and offer solutions to improve their therapeutic efficacy. We provide a critical perspective on the main methodologies used to characterize T-cell responses to cancer therapies, with a focus on discrepancies between T-cell attributes measured in vitro and protective responses in vivo. This review altogether provides recommendations to optimize the design of future clinical trials and highlights important considerations for the proficient analysis of clinical specimens available for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Robert-Tissot
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
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Neagu M, Constantin C, Zurac S. Immune parameters in the prognosis and therapy monitoring of cutaneous melanoma patients: experience, role, and limitations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:107940. [PMID: 24163809 PMCID: PMC3791585 DOI: 10.1155/2013/107940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is an immune-dependent aggressive tumour. Up to our knowledge, there are no reports regarding immune parameters monitoring in longitudinal followup of melanoma patients. We report a followup for 36 months of the immune parameters of patients diagnosed in stages I-IV. The circulatory immune parameters comprised presurgery and postsurgery immune circulating peripheral cells and circulating intercommunicating cytokines. Based on our analysis, the prototype of the intratumor inflammatory infiltrate in a melanoma with good prognosis is composed of numerous T cells CD3+, few or even absent B cells CD20+, few or absent plasma cells CD138+, and present Langerhans cells CD1a+ or langerin+. Regarding circulatory immune cells, a marker that correlates with stage is CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and its decrease clearly indicates a worse prognosis of the disease. Moreover, even in advanced stages, patients that have an increased overall survival rate prove the increase of this ratio. The decrease in the circulating B lymphocytes with stage is balanced by an increase in circulating NK cells, a phenomenon observed in stage III. Out of all the tested cytokines in the followup, IL-6 level correlated with the patient's survival, while in our study, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 did not correlate statistically in a significant way with overall survival, or relapse-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunobiology Laboratory, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Colentina University Hospital, 21 Stefan cel Mare, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
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Zheng YW, Li RM, Zhang XW, Ren XB. Current Adoptive Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Potential Influence of Therapy Outcome. Cancer Invest 2013; 31:197-205. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.775294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Muccioli M, Longstaff C, Benencia F. Absence of CD4 T-cell help provides a robust CD8 T-cell response while inducing effective memory in a preclinical model of melanoma. Immunotherapy 2012; 4:477-81. [PMID: 22642330 DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy strategies for cancer are focused on inducing effective and specific cytotoxic responses mediated by CD8 T cells. On the other hand, immunosuppressive mechanisms induced by the tumor, such as the generation of tumor-specific CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Tregs, conspire against the efficacy of immunotherapies. It has been considered that, similar to what has been observed in the context of immunological responses towards microbes, CD4 help is indispensable for the development of a successful and long-lasting (memory) CD8 immune response. In the recent article, Côté et al. reported that, in a mouse model of melanoma, total ablation of CD4 help does not hamper the development of a specific antitumor memory CD8 response. In addition, ablation of CD4 was more successful than strategies to deplete CD25 Tregs in generating memory CD8 T cells. These data opens the door for therapies destined to induce effective antitumor immune responses by ablation of whole CD4 T-cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Muccioli
- Molecular & Cell Biology Program, Ohio University, OH, USA
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Adoptive T-cell therapy using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for metastatic melanoma: current status and future outlook. Cancer J 2012; 18:160-75. [PMID: 22453018 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0b013e31824d4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy using autologous T cells has emerged to be a powerful treatment option for patients with metastatic melanoma. These include the adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), T cells transduced with high-affinity T cell receptors against major tumor antigens, and T cells transduced with chimeric antigen receptors composed of hybrid immunoglobulin light chains with endodomains of T-cell signaling molecules. Among these and other options for T-cell therapy, TILs together with high-dose interleukin 2 have had the longest clinical history with multiple clinical trials in centers across the world consistently demonstrating durable clinical response rates near 50% or more. A distinct advantage of TIL therapy making it still the T-cell therapy of choice is the broad nature of the T-cell recognition against both defined and undefined tumors antigens against all possible major histocompatibility complex, rather than the single specificity and limited major histocompatibility complex coverage of the newer T cell receptors and chimeric antigen receptor transduction technologies. In the past decade, significant inroads have been made in defining the phenotypes of T cells in TIL-mediating tumor regression. CD8+ T cells are emerging to be critical, although the exact subset of CD8+ T cells exhibiting the highest clinical activity in terms of memory and effector markers is still controversial. We present a model in which both effector-memory and more differentiated effector T cells ultimately may need to cooperate to mediate long-term tumor control in responding patients. Although TIL therapy has shown great potential to treat metastatic melanoma, a number of issues have emerged that need to be addressed to bring it more into the mainstream of melanoma care. First, we have a reached the point where a pivotal phase II or phase III trial is needed in an attempt to gain regulatory approval of TILs as standard of care. Second, improvements in how we expand TILs for therapy are needed that minimize the time the T cells are in culture and improve the memory and effector characteristics of the T cells for longer persistence and enhanced anti-tumor activity in vivo. Third, there is a critical need to identify surrogate and predictive biomarkers to better select suitable patients for TIL therapy to improve response rate and duration. Overall, the outlook for TIL therapy for melanoma is very bright. We predict that TILs will indeed emerge to become an approved treatment in the upcoming years through pivotal clinical trials. Moreover, new approaches combining TILs with targeted signaling pathway drugs, such as mutant B-RAF inhibitors, and synergistic immunomodulatory interventions enhancing T-cell costimulation and preventing negative regulation should further increase therapeutic efficacy and durable complete response rates.
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Azimi F, Scolyer RA, Rumcheva P, Moncrieff M, Murali R, McCarthy SW, Saw RP, Thompson JF. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte grade is an independent predictor of sentinel lymph node status and survival in patients with cutaneous melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:2678-83. [PMID: 22711850 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.37.8539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 575] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether density and distribution of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs; TIL grade) is an independent predictor of sentinel lymph node (SLN) status and survival in patients with clinically localized primary cutaneous melanoma. METHODS From the Melanoma Institute Australia database, 1,865 patients with a single primary melanoma ≥ 0.75 mm in thickness were identified. The associations of clinical and pathologic factors with SLN status, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and melanoma-specific survival (MSS) were analyzed. RESULTS The majority of patients had either no (TIL grade 0; 35.4%) or few (TIL grade 1; 45.1%) TILs, with a minority showing moderate (TIL grade 2; 16.3%) or marked (TIL grade 3; 3.2%) TILs. Tumor thickness, mitotic rate, and Clark level were inversely correlated with TIL grade (each P < .001). SLN biopsy was performed in 1,138 patients (61.0%) and was positive in 252 (22.1%). There was a significant inverse association between SLN status and TIL grade (SLN positivity rates for each TIL grade: 0, 27.8%; 1, 20.1%; 2, 18.3%; 3, 5.6%; P < .001). Predictors of SLN positivity were decreasing age (P < .001), decreasing TIL grade (P < .001), ulceration (P = .003), increasing tumor thickness (P = .01), satellitosis (P = .03), and increasing mitoses (P = .03). The 5-year MSS and RFS rates were 83% and 76%, respectively (median follow-up, 43 months). Tumor thickness (P < .001), ulceration (P < .001), satellitosis (P < .001), mitotic rate (P = .003), TIL grade (P < .001), and sex (P = .01) were independent predictors of MSS. Patients with TIL grade 3 tumors had 100% survival. CONCLUSION TIL grade is an independent predictor of survival and SLN status in patients with melanoma. Patients with a pronounced TIL infiltrate have an excellent prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Azimi
- Melanoma Institute Australia, 40 Rocklands Rd, North Sydney NSW 2060, Australia
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He J, Tang XF, Chen QY, Mai HQ, Huang ZF, Li J, Zeng YX. Ex vivo expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients for adoptive immunotherapy. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 31:287-94. [PMID: 22257383 PMCID: PMC3777488 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Establishing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (EBV-CTLs) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for adoptive immunotherapy has been reported in EBV-associated malignancies including Hodgkin's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In the current study, we performed ex vivo expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) obtained from NPC biopsy specimens with a rapid expansion protocol using anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (OKT3), recombinant human interleukin (IL)-2, and irradiated PBMCs from healthy donors to initiate the growth of TILs. Young TIL cultures comprised of more than 90% of CD3+ T cells, a variable percentage of CD3+CD8+ and CD3+ CD4+ T cells, and less than 10% of CD3−CD16+ natural killer cells, a similar phenotype of EBV-CTL cultures from PBMCs. Interestingly, TIL cultures secreted high levels of the Th1 cytokines, interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and low levels of the Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10. Moreover, young TILs could recognize autologous EBV-transformed B lymphoblast cell lines, but not autologous EBV-negative blast cells or allogeneic EBV-negative tumor cells. Taken together, these data suggest that ex vivo expansion of TILs from NPC biopsy tissue is an appealing alternative method to establish T cell-based immunotherapy for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, PR China
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Joseph RW, Peddareddigari VR, Liu P, Miller PW, Overwijk WW, Bekele NB, Ross MI, Lee JE, Gershenwald JE, Lucci A, Prieto VG, McMannis JD, Papadopoulos N, Kim K, Homsi J, Bedikian A, Hwu WJ, Hwu P, Radvanyi LG. Impact of clinical and pathologic features on tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte expansion from surgically excised melanoma metastases for adoptive T-cell therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:4882-91. [PMID: 21632855 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical trials on adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) using expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have shown response rates of over 50% in refractory melanoma. However, little is known how clinical and pathologic features impact TIL outgrowth isolated from metastatic melanoma tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed the impact of clinical and pathologic features on initial TIL outgrowth in 226 consecutive patients undergoing tumor resection. Successful initial TIL outgrowth was defined as ≥40 million viable lymphocytes harvested from all tumor fragments in a 5-week culture. To normalize for the different size of resected tumors and thus available tumor fragments, we divided the number of expanded TIL by the starting number of tumor fragments (TIL/fragment). RESULTS Overall, initial TIL outgrowth was successful in 62% of patients, with patients ≤30 years of age (94%; P = 0.01) and female patients (71% vs. 57% for males; P = 0.04) having the highest rate of success. Systemic therapy 30 days before tumor harvest negatively impacted initial TIL outgrowth compared to patients who never received systemic therapy (47% vs. 71%, P = 0.02). Biochemotherapy within 0 to 60 days of tumor harvest negatively impacted the initial TIL outgrowth with a success rate of only 16% (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Parameters such as age, sex, and the type and timing of prior systemic therapy significantly affect the success rate of the initial TIL outgrowth from tumor fragments for ACT; these parameters may be helpful in selecting patients for melanoma ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Joseph
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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