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Zwanenburg L, Borloo J, Decorte B, Bunte MJM, Mokhtari S, Serna S, Reichardt NC, Seys LJM, van Diepen A, Schots A, Wilbers RHP, Hokke CH, Claerebout E, Geldhof P. Plant-based production of a protective vaccine antigen against the bovine parasitic nematode Ostertagia ostertagi. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20488. [PMID: 37993516 PMCID: PMC10665551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of effective recombinant vaccines against parasitic nematodes has been challenging and so far mostly unsuccessful. This has also been the case for Ostertagia ostertagi, an economically important abomasal nematode in cattle, applying recombinant versions of the protective native activation-associated secreted proteins (ASP). To gain insight in key elements required to trigger a protective immune response, the protein structure and N-glycosylation of the native ASP and a non-protective Pichia pastoris recombinant ASP were compared. Both antigens had a highly comparable protein structure, but different N-glycan composition. After mimicking the native ASP N-glycosylation via the expression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, immunisation of calves with these plant-produced recombinants resulted in a significant reduction of 39% in parasite egg output, comparable to the protective efficacy of the native antigen. This study provides a valuable workflow for the development of recombinant vaccines against other parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Zwanenburg
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Borloo
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bregt Decorte
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Myrna J M Bunte
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanaz Mokhtari
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonia Serna
- Glycotechnology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Paseo Miramón 194, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Niels-C Reichardt
- Glycotechnology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Paseo Miramón 194, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Leen J M Seys
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Angela van Diepen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Schots
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud H P Wilbers
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Claerebout
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Geldhof
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Montero‐Blay A, Blanco JD, Rodriguez‐Arce I, Lastrucci C, Piñero‐Lambea C, Lluch‐Senar M, Serrano L. Bacterial expression of a designed single-chain IL-10 prevents severe lung inflammation. Mol Syst Biol 2023; 19:e11037. [PMID: 36598022 PMCID: PMC9834763 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202211037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that is active as a swapped domain dimer and is used in bacterial therapy of gut inflammation. IL-10 can be used as treatment of a wide range of pulmonary diseases. Here we have developed a non-pathogenic chassis (CV8) of the human lung bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MPN) to treat lung diseases. We find that IL-10 expression by MPN has a limited impact on the lung inflammatory response in mice. To solve these issues, we rationally designed a single-chain IL-10 (SC-IL10) with or without surface mutations, using our protein design software (ModelX and FoldX). As compared to the IL-10 WT, the designed SC-IL10 molecules increase the effective expression in MPN four-fold, and the activity in mouse and human cell lines between 10 and 60 times, depending on the cell line. The SC-IL10 molecules expressed in the mouse lung by CV8 in vivo have a powerful anti-inflammatory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. This rational design strategy could be used to other molecules with immunomodulatory properties used in bacterial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Montero‐Blay
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Javier Delgado Blanco
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Irene Rodriguez‐Arce
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Claire Lastrucci
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Carlos Piñero‐Lambea
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Maria Lluch‐Senar
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Luis Serrano
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain
- ICREABarcelonaSpain
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3
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Alvisi N, van Noort K, Dwiani S, Geschiere N, Sukarta O, Varossieau K, Nguyen DL, Strasser R, Hokke CH, Schots A, Wilbers RHP. β-Hexosaminidases Along the Secretory Pathway of Nicotiana benthamiana Have Distinct Specificities Toward Engineered Helminth N-Glycans on Recombinant Glycoproteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:638454. [PMID: 33815445 PMCID: PMC8010188 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.638454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Secretions of parasitic worms (helminths) contain a wide collection of immunomodulatory glycoproteins with the potential to treat inflammatory disorders, like autoimmune diseases. Yet, the identification of single molecules that can be developed into novel biopharmaceuticals is hampered by the limited availability of native parasite-derived proteins. Recently, pioneering work has shown that helminth glycoproteins can be produced transiently in Nicotiana benthamiana plants while simultaneously mimicking their native helminth N-glycan composition by co-expression of desired glycosyltransferases. However, efficient "helminthization" of N-glycans in plants by glyco-engineering seems to be hampered by the undesired truncation of complex N-glycans by β-N-acetyl-hexosaminidases, in particular when aiming for the synthesis of N-glycans with antennary GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (LacdiNAc or LDN). In this study, we cloned novel β-hexosaminidase open reading frames from N. benthamiana and characterized the biochemical activity of these enzymes. We identified HEXO2 and HEXO3 as enzymes responsible for the cleavage of antennary GalNAc residues of N-glycans on the model helminth glycoprotein kappa-5. Furthermore, we reveal that each member of the HEXO family has a distinct specificity for N-glycan substrates, where HEXO2 has strict β-galactosaminidase activity, whereas HEXO3 cleaves both GlcNAc and GalNAc. The identification of HEXO2 and HEXO3 as major targets for LDN cleavage will enable a targeted genome editing approach to reduce undesired processing of these N-glycans. Effective knockout of these enzymes could allow the production of therapeutically relevant glycoproteins with tailor-made helminth N-glycans in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Alvisi
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kim van Noort
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sarlita Dwiani
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Nathan Geschiere
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Octavina Sukarta
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Koen Varossieau
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dieu-Linh Nguyen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelis H. Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arjen Schots
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ruud H. P. Wilbers
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Ruud H. P. Wilbers,
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van Noort K, Nguyen DL, Kriechbaumer V, Hawes C, Hokke CH, Schots A, Wilbers RHP. Functional characterization of Schistosoma mansoni fucosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18528. [PMID: 33116178 PMCID: PMC7595089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth parasites secrete a wide variety of immunomodulatory proteins and lipids to dampen host immune responses. Many of these immunomodulatory compounds are modified with complex sugar structures (or glycans), which play an important role at the host-parasite interface. As an example, the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni produces highly fucosylated glycan structures on glycoproteins and glycolipids. Up to 20 different S. mansoni fucosyltransferase (SmFucT) genes can be found in genome databases, but thus far only one enzyme has been functionally characterized. To unravel the synthesis of highly fucosylated N-glycans by S. mansoni, we examined the ability of ten selected SmFucTs to modify N-glycans upon transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. All enzymes were localized in the plant Golgi apparatus, which allowed us to identify the SmFucTs involved in core fucosylation and the synthesis of complex antennary glycan motifs. This knowledge provides a starting point for investigations into the role of specific fucosylated glycan motifs of schistosomes in parasite-host interactions. The functionally characterized SmFucTs can also be applied to synthesize complex N-glycan structures on recombinant proteins to study their contribution to immunomodulation. Furthermore, this plant expression system will fuel the development of helminth glycoproteins for pharmaceutical applications or novel anti-helminth vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim van Noort
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dieu-Linh Nguyen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Kriechbaumer
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Chris Hawes
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Schots
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud H P Wilbers
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Arcalis E, Ibl V, Hilscher J, Rademacher T, Avesani L, Morandini F, Bortesi L, Pezzotti M, Vitale A, Pum D, De Meyer T, Depicker A, Stoger E. Russell-Like Bodies in Plant Seeds Share Common Features With Prolamin Bodies and Occur Upon Recombinant Protein Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:777. [PMID: 31316529 PMCID: PMC6611407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Although many recombinant proteins have been produced in seeds at high yields without adverse effects on the plant, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and aberrant localization of endogenous or recombinant proteins have also been reported. The production of murine interleukin-10 (mIL-10) in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds resulted in the de novo formation of ER-derived structures containing a large fraction of the recombinant protein in an insoluble form. These bodies containing mIL-10 were morphologically similar to Russell bodies found in mammalian cells. We confirmed that the compartment containing mIL-10 was enclosed by ER membranes, and 3D electron microscopy revealed that these structures have a spheroidal shape. Another feature shared with Russell bodies is the continued viability of the cells that generate these organelles. To investigate similarities in the formation of Russell-like bodies and the plant-specific protein bodies formed by prolamins in cereal seeds, we crossed plants containing ectopic ER-derived prolamin protein bodies with a line accumulating mIL-10 in Russell-like bodies. This resulted in seeds containing only one population of protein bodies in which mIL-10 inclusions formed a central core surrounded by the prolamin-containing matrix, suggesting that both types of protein aggregates are together removed from the secretory pathway by a common mechanism. We propose that, like mammalian cells, plant cells are able to form Russell-like bodies as a self-protection mechanism, when they are overloaded with a partially transport-incompetent protein, and we discuss the resulting challenges for recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Arcalis
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Ibl
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Hilscher
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rademacher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Linda Avesani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Bortesi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Dietmar Pum
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas De Meyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Depicker
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Stoger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Eva Stoger, ;
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Kytidou K, Beekwilder J, Artola M, van Meel E, Wilbers RHP, Moolenaar GF, Goosen N, Ferraz MJ, Katzy R, Voskamp P, Florea BI, Hokke CH, Overkleeft HS, Schots A, Bosch D, Pannu N, Aerts JMFG. Nicotiana benthamiana α-galactosidase A1.1 can functionally complement human α-galactosidase A deficiency associated with Fabry disease. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10042-10058. [PMID: 29674318 PMCID: PMC6028973 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Galactosidases (EC 3.2.1.22) are retaining glycosidases that cleave terminal α-linked galactose residues from glycoconjugate substrates. α-Galactosidases take part in the turnover of cell wall-associated galactomannans in plants and in the lysosomal degradation of glycosphingolipids in animals. Deficiency of human α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) causes Fabry disease (FD), a heritable, X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, characterized by accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3). Current management of FD involves enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT). An activity-based probe (ABP) covalently labeling the catalytic nucleophile of α-Gal A has been previously designed to study α-galactosidases for use in FD therapy. Here, we report that this ABP labels proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf extracts, enabling the identification and biochemical characterization of an N. benthamiana α-galactosidase we name here A1.1 (gene accession ID GJZM-1660). The transiently overexpressed and purified enzyme was a monomer lacking N-glycans and was active toward 4-methylumbelliferyl-α-d-galactopyranoside substrate (Km = 0.17 mm) over a broad pH range. A1.1 structural analysis by X-ray crystallography revealed marked similarities with human α-Gal A, even including A1.1's ability to hydrolyze Gb3 and lyso-Gb3, which are not endogenous in plants. Of note, A1.1 uptake into FD fibroblasts reduced the elevated lyso-Gb3 levels in these cells, consistent with A1.1 delivery to lysosomes as revealed by confocal microscopy. The ease of production and the features of A1.1, such as stability over a broad pH range, combined with its capacity to degrade glycosphingolipid substrates, warrant further examination of its value as a potential therapeutic agent for ERT-based FD management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jules Beekwilder
- the Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, and
| | | | | | - Ruud H P Wilbers
- the Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, and
| | - Geri F Moolenaar
- Cloning and Protein Purification Facility, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden
| | - Nora Goosen
- Cloning and Protein Purification Facility, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden
| | | | | | | | | | - Cornelis H Hokke
- the Department of Parasitology, Centre of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arjen Schots
- the Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, and
| | - Dirk Bosch
- the Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, and
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Wilbers RHP, van Raaij DR, Westerhof LB, Bakker J, Smant G, Schots A. Re-evaluation of IL-10 signaling reveals novel insights on the contribution of the intracellular domain of the IL-10R2 chain. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186317. [PMID: 29016674 PMCID: PMC5634637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in maintaining immune homeostasis. IL-10-mediated responses are triggered upon binding to a heterodimeric receptor complex consisting of IL-10 receptor (IL-10R)1 and IL-10R2. Engagement of the IL-10R complex activates the intracellular kinases Jak1 and Tyk2, but the exact roles of IL-10R2 and IL-10R2-associated signaling via Tyk2 remain unclear. To elucidate the contribution of IL-10R2 and its signaling to IL-10 activity, we re-evaluated IL-10-mediated responses on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, macrophages and mast cells. By using bone marrow from IL-10R-/- mice it was revealed that IL-10-mediated responses depend on both IL-10R1 and IL-10R2 in all three cell types. On the contrary, bone marrow-derived cells from Tyk2-/- mice showed similar responses to IL-10 as wild-type cells, indicating that signaling via this IL-10R2-associated kinase only plays a limited role. Tyk2 was shown to control the amplitude of STAT3 activation and the up-regulation of downstream SOCS3 expression. SOCS3 up-regulation was found to be cell-type dependent and correlated with the lack of early suppression of LPS-induced TNF-α in dendritic cells. Further investigation of the IL-10R complex revealed that both the extracellular and intracellular domains of IL-10R2 influence the conformation of IL-10R1 and that both domains were required for transducing IL-10 signals. This observation highlights a novel role for the intracellular domain of IL-10R2 in the molecular mechanisms of IL-10R activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud H. P. Wilbers
- Wageningen University and Research, Plant Sciences Group, Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie R. van Raaij
- Wageningen University and Research, Plant Sciences Group, Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte B. Westerhof
- Wageningen University and Research, Plant Sciences Group, Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Bakker
- Wageningen University and Research, Plant Sciences Group, Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Smant
- Wageningen University and Research, Plant Sciences Group, Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Schots
- Wageningen University and Research, Plant Sciences Group, Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Kytidou K, Beenakker TJM, Westerhof LB, Hokke CH, Moolenaar GF, Goosen N, Mirzaian M, Ferraz MJ, de Geus M, Kallemeijn WW, Overkleeft HS, Boot RG, Schots A, Bosch D, Aerts JMFG. Human Alpha Galactosidases Transiently Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves: New Insights in Substrate Specificities with Relevance for Fabry Disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1026. [PMID: 28680430 PMCID: PMC5478728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of α-galactosidase A (α-GAL) causes Fabry disease (FD), an X-linked storage disease of the glycosphingolipid globtriaosylcerammide (Gb3) in lysosomes of various cells and elevated plasma globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb3) toxic for podocytes and nociceptive neurons. Enzyme replacement therapy is used to treat the disease, but clinical efficacy is limited in many male FD patients due to development of neutralizing antibodies (Ab). Therapeutic use of modified lysosomal α-N-acetyl-galactosaminidase (α-NAGAL) with increased α-galactosidase activity (α-NAGALEL) has therefore been suggested. We transiently produced in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves functional α-GAL, α-NAGAL, and α-NAGALEL enzymes for research purposes. All enzymes could be visualized with activity-based probes covalently binding in their catalytic pocket. Characterization of purified proteins indicated that α-NAGALEL is improved in activity toward artificial 4MU-α-galactopyranoside. Recombinant α-NAGALEL and α-NAGAL are not neutralized by Ab-positive FD serum tested and are more stable in human plasma than α-GAL. Both enzymes hydrolyze the lipid substrates Gb3 and Lyso-Gb3 accumulating in Fabry patients. The addition to FD sera of α-NAGALEL, and to a lesser extent that of α-NAGAL, results in a reduction of the toxic Lyso-Gb3. In conclusion, our study suggests that modified α-NAGALEL might reduce excessive Lyso-Gb3 in FD serum. This neo-enzyme can be produced in Nicotiana benthamiana and might be further developed for the treatment of FD aiming at reduction of circulating Lyso-Gb3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassiani Kytidou
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Lotte B. Westerhof
- Wageningen University and Research, Plant Sciences GroupWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H. Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Centre of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Geri F. Moolenaar
- Cloning and Protein Purification Facility of Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Nora Goosen
- Cloning and Protein Purification Facility of Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Mina Mirzaian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Maria J. Ferraz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Mark de Geus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Wouter W. Kallemeijn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Rolf G. Boot
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Arjen Schots
- Wageningen University and Research, Plant Sciences GroupWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Bosch
- Wageningen University and Research, Plant Sciences GroupWageningen, Netherlands
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Kombrink A, Rovenich H, Shi‐Kunne X, Rojas‐Padilla E, van den Berg GCM, Domazakis E, de Jonge R, Valkenburg D, Sánchez‐Vallet A, Seidl MF, Thomma BPHJ. Verticillium dahliae LysM effectors differentially contribute to virulence on plant hosts. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:596-608. [PMID: 27911046 PMCID: PMC6638240 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chitin-binding lysin motif (LysM) effectors contribute to the virulence of various plant-pathogenic fungi that are causal agents of foliar diseases. Here, we report the LysM effectors of the soil-borne fungal vascular wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Comparative genomics revealed three core LysM effectors that are conserved in a collection of V. dahliae strains. Remarkably, and in contrast with the previously studied LysM effectors of other plant pathogens, no expression of core LysM effectors was monitored in planta in a taxonomically diverse panel of host plants. Moreover, targeted deletion of the individual LysM effector genes in V. dahliae strain JR2 did not compromise virulence in infections on Arabidopsis, tomato or Nicotiana benthamiana. Interestingly, an additional lineage-specific LysM effector is encoded in the genome of V. dahliae strain VdLs17, but not in any other V. dahliae strain sequenced to date. Remarkably, this lineage-specific effector is expressed in planta and contributes to the virulence of V. dahliae strain VdLs17 on tomato, but not on Arabidopsis or N. benthamiana. Functional analysis revealed that this LysM effector binds chitin, is able to suppress chitin-induced immune responses and protects fungal hyphae against hydrolysis by plant hydrolytic enzymes. Thus, in contrast with the core LysM effectors of V. dahliae, this lineage-specific LysM effector of strain VdLs17 contributes to virulence in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kombrink
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 1WageningenPB 6708the Netherlands
| | - Hanna Rovenich
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 1WageningenPB 6708the Netherlands
| | - Xiaoqian Shi‐Kunne
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 1WageningenPB 6708the Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Rojas‐Padilla
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 1WageningenPB 6708the Netherlands
| | - Grardy C. M. van den Berg
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 1WageningenPB 6708the Netherlands
| | - Emmanouil Domazakis
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 1WageningenPB 6708the Netherlands
| | - Ronnie de Jonge
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 1WageningenPB 6708the Netherlands
| | - Dirk‐Jan Valkenburg
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 1WageningenPB 6708the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Sánchez‐Vallet
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 1WageningenPB 6708the Netherlands
| | - Michael F. Seidl
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 1WageningenPB 6708the Netherlands
| | - Bart P. H. J. Thomma
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 1WageningenPB 6708the Netherlands
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10
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Wilbers RHP, Westerhof LB, van Noort K, Obieglo K, Driessen NN, Everts B, Gringhuis SI, Schramm G, Goverse A, Smant G, Bakker J, Smits HH, Yazdanbakhsh M, Schots A, Hokke CH. Production and glyco-engineering of immunomodulatory helminth glycoproteins in plants. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45910. [PMID: 28393916 PMCID: PMC5385521 DOI: 10.1038/srep45910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminth parasites control host-immune responses by secreting immunomodulatory glycoproteins. Clinical trials and mouse model studies have demonstrated the potential of helminth-derived glycoproteins for the treatment of immune-related diseases, like allergies and autoimmune diseases. Studies are however hampered by the limited availability of native parasite-derived proteins. Moreover, recombinant protein production systems have thus far been unable to reconstitute helminth-like glycosylation essential for the functionality of some helminth glycoproteins. Here we exploited the flexibility of the N-glycosylation machinery of plants to reconstruct the helminth glycoproteins omega-1 and kappa-5, two major constituents of immunomodulatory Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens. Fine-tuning transient co-expression of specific glycosyltransferases in Nicotiana benthamiana enabled the synthesis of Lewis X (LeX) and LDN/LDN-F glycan motifs as found on natural omega-1 and kappa-5, respectively. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the introduction of native LeX motifs on plant-produced omega-1 confirmed that LeX on omega-1 contributes to the glycoprotein's Th2-inducing properties. These data indicate that mimicking the complex carbohydrate structures of helminths in plants is a promising strategy to allow targeted evaluation of therapeutic glycoproteins for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. In addition, our results offer perspectives for the development of effective anti-helminthic vaccines by reconstructing native parasite glycoprotein antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud H. P. Wilbers
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte B. Westerhof
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim van Noort
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Obieglo
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole N. Driessen
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja I. Gringhuis
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Schramm
- Research Center Borstel, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Experimental Pneumology, Parkallee 22, D-23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Aska Goverse
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Smant
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Bakker
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hermelijn H. Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Schots
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H. Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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Wilbers RHP, Westerhof LB, van Raaij DR, van Adrichem M, Prakasa AD, Lozano-Torres JL, Bakker J, Smant G, Schots A. Co-expression of the protease furin in Nicotiana benthamiana leads to efficient processing of latent transforming growth factor-β1 into a biologically active protein. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1695-704. [PMID: 26834022 PMCID: PMC5067602 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a signalling molecule that plays a key role in developmental and immunological processes in mammals. Three TGF-β isoforms exist in humans, and each isoform has unique therapeutic potential. Plants offer a platform for the production of recombinant proteins, which is cheap and easy to scale up and has a low risk of contamination with human pathogens. TGF-β3 has been produced in plants before using a chloroplast expression system. However, this strategy requires chemical refolding to obtain a biologically active protein. In this study, we investigated the possibility to transiently express active human TGF-β1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. We successfully expressed mature TGF-β1 in the absence of the latency-associated peptide (LAP) using different strategies, but the obtained proteins were inactive. Upon expression of LAP-TGF-β1, we were able to show that processing of the latent complex by a furin-like protease does not occur in planta. The use of a chitinase signal peptide enhanced the expression and secretion of LAP-TGF-β1, and co-expression of human furin enabled the proteolytic processing of latent TGF-β1. Engineering the plant post-translational machinery by co-expressing human furin also enhanced the accumulation of biologically active TGF-β1. This engineering step is quite remarkable, as furin requires multiple processing steps and correct localization within the secretory pathway to become active. Our data demonstrate that plants can be a suitable platform for the production of complex proteins that rely on specific proteolytic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud H P Wilbers
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Department, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte B Westerhof
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Department, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie R van Raaij
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Department, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes van Adrichem
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Department, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas D Prakasa
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Department, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jose L Lozano-Torres
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Department, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Bakker
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Department, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Smant
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Department, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Schots
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Department, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Wilbers RHP, Westerhof LB, Reuter LJ, Castilho A, van Raaij DR, Nguyen DL, Lozano-Torres JL, Smant G, Hokke CH, Bakker J, Schots A. The N-glycan on Asn54 affects the atypical N-glycan composition of plant-produced interleukin-22, but does not influence its activity. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:670-81. [PMID: 26059044 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Human interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a member of the IL-10 cytokine family that has recently been shown to have major therapeutic potential. IL-22 is an unusual cytokine as it does not act directly on immune cells. Instead, IL-22 controls the differentiation, proliferation and antimicrobial protein expression of epithelial cells, thereby maintaining epithelial barrier function. In this study, we transiently expressed human IL-22 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants and investigated the role of N-glycosylation on protein folding and biological activity. Expression levels of IL-22 were up to 5.4 μg/mg TSP, and N-glycan analysis revealed the presence of the atypical Lewis A structure. Surprisingly, upon engineering of human-like N-glycans on IL-22 by co-expressing mouse FUT8 in ΔXT/FT plants a strong reduction in Lewis A was observed. Also, core α1,6-fucoylation did not improve the biological activity of IL-22. The combination of site-directed mutagenesis of Asn54 and in vivo deglycosylation with PNGase F also revealed that N-glycosylation at this position is not required for proper protein folding. However, we do show that the presence of a N-glycan on Asn54 contributes to the atypical N-glycan composition of plant-produced IL-22 and influences the N-glycan composition of N-glycans on other positions. Altogether, our data demonstrate that plants offer an excellent tool to investigate the role of N-glycosylation on folding and activity of recombinant glycoproteins, such as IL-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud H P Wilbers
- Plant Sciences Department, Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte B Westerhof
- Plant Sciences Department, Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lauri J Reuter
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Alexandra Castilho
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Debbie R van Raaij
- Plant Sciences Department, Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dieu-Linh Nguyen
- Department of Parasitology, Parasite Glycobiology Group, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jose L Lozano-Torres
- Plant Sciences Department, Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Smant
- Plant Sciences Department, Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Parasite Glycobiology Group, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Bakker
- Plant Sciences Department, Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Schots
- Plant Sciences Department, Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Fenyk S, Townsend PD, Dixon CH, Spies GB, de San Eustaquio Campillo A, Slootweg EJ, Westerhof LB, Gawehns FKK, Knight MR, Sharples GJ, Goverse A, Pålsson LO, Takken FLW, Cann MJ. The Potato Nucleotide-binding Leucine-rich Repeat (NLR) Immune Receptor Rx1 Is a Pathogen-dependent DNA-deforming Protein. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24945-60. [PMID: 26306038 PMCID: PMC4599002 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.672121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins enable cells to respond to pathogen attack. Several NLRs act in the nucleus; however, conserved nuclear targets that support their role in immunity are unknown. Previously, we noted a structural homology between the nucleotide-binding domain of NLRs and DNA replication origin-binding Cdc6/Orc1 proteins. Here we show that the NB-ARC (nucleotide-binding, Apaf-1, R-proteins, and CED-4) domain of the Rx1 NLR of potato binds nucleic acids. Rx1 induces ATP-dependent bending and melting of DNA in vitro, dependent upon a functional P-loop. In situ full-length Rx1 binds nuclear DNA following activation by its cognate pathogen-derived effector protein, the coat protein of potato virus X. In line with its obligatory nucleocytoplasmic distribution, DNA binding was only observed when Rx1 was allowed to freely translocate between both compartments and was activated in the cytoplasm. Immune activation induced by an unrelated NLR-effector pair did not trigger an Rx1-DNA interaction. DNA binding is therefore not merely a consequence of immune activation. These data establish a role for DNA distortion in Rx1 immune signaling and define DNA as a molecular target of an activated NLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Fenyk
- From the School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Biophysical Sciences Institute
| | - Philip D Townsend
- From the School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Biophysical Sciences Institute
| | - Christopher H Dixon
- From the School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Biophysical Sciences Institute
| | - Gerhard B Spies
- From the School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Biophysical Sciences Institute
| | | | - Erik J Slootweg
- the Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands, and
| | - Lotte B Westerhof
- the Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands, and
| | - Fleur K K Gawehns
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc R Knight
- From the School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Biophysical Sciences Institute
| | - Gary J Sharples
- From the School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Biophysical Sciences Institute
| | - Aska Goverse
- the Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands, and
| | - Lars-Olof Pålsson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Frank L W Takken
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Cann
- From the School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Biophysical Sciences Institute,
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14
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Duwadi K, Chen L, Menassa R, Dhaubhadel S. Identification, Characterization and Down-Regulation of Cysteine Protease Genes in Tobacco for Use in Recombinant Protein Production. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130556. [PMID: 26148064 PMCID: PMC4493103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are an attractive host system for pharmaceutical protein production. Many therapeutic proteins have been produced and scaled up in plants at a low cost compared to the conventional microbial and animal-based systems. The main technical challenge during this process is to produce sufficient levels of recombinant proteins in plants. Low yield is generally caused by proteolytic degradation during expression and downstream processing of recombinant proteins. The yield of human therapeutic interleukin (IL)-10 produced in transgenic tobacco leaves was found to be below the critical level, and may be due to degradation by tobacco proteases. Here, we identified a total of 60 putative cysteine protease genes (CysP) in tobacco. Based on their predicted expression in leaf tissue, 10 candidate CysPs (CysP1-CysP10) were selected for further characterization. The effect of CysP gene silencing on IL-10 accumulation was examined in tobacco. It was found that the recombinant protein yield in tobacco could be increased by silencing CysP6. Transient expression of CysP6 silencing construct also showed an increase in IL-10 accumulation in comparison to the control. Moreover, CysP6 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), suggesting that ER may be the site of IL-10 degradation. Overall results suggest that CysP6 is important in determining the yield of recombinant IL-10 in tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Duwadi
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ling Chen
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rima Menassa
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sangeeta Dhaubhadel
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, Canada
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15
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Westerhof LB, Wilbers RHP, van Raaij DR, van Wijk CZ, Goverse A, Bakker J, Schots A. Transient Expression of Secretory IgA In Planta is Optimal Using a Multi-Gene Vector and may be Further Enhanced by Improving Joining Chain Incorporation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1200. [PMID: 26793201 PMCID: PMC4707260 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Secretory IgA (sIgA) is a crucial antibody in host defense at mucosal surfaces. It is a promising antibody isotype in a variety of therapeutic settings such as passive vaccination and treatment of inflammatory disorders. However, heterologous production of this heteromultimeric protein complex is still suboptimal. The challenge is the coordinate expression of the four required polypeptides; the alpha heavy chain, the light chain, the joining chain, and part of the polymeric-Ig-receptor called the secretory component, in a 4:4:1:1 ratio. We evaluated the transient expression of three sIgAκ variants, harboring the heavy chain isotype α1, α2m1, or α2m2, of the clinical antibody Ustekinumab in planta. Ustekinumab is directed against the p40 subunit that is shared by the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23. A sIgA variant of this antibody may enable localized treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Of the three different sIgA variants we obtained the highest yield with sIgA1κ reaching up to 373 μg sIgA/mg total soluble protein. The use of a multi-cassette vector containing all four expression cassettes was most efficient. However, not the expression strategy, but the incorporation of the joining chain turned out to be the limiting step for sIgA production. Our data demonstrate that transient expression in planta is suitable for the economic production of heteromultimeric protein complexes such as sIgA.
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16
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Westerhof LB, Wilbers RHP, van Raaij DR, Nguyen DL, Goverse A, Henquet MGL, Hokke CH, Bosch D, Bakker J, Schots A. Monomeric IgA can be produced in planta as efficient as IgG, yet receives different N-glycans. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:1333-42. [PMID: 25196296 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The unique features of IgA, such as the ability to recruit neutrophils and suppress the inflammatory responses mediated by IgG and IgE, make it a promising antibody isotype for several therapeutic applications. However, in contrast to IgG, reports on plant production of IgA are scarce. We produced IgA1κ and IgG1κ versions of three therapeutic antibodies directed against pro-inflammatory cytokines in Nicotiana benthamiana: Infliximab and Adalimumab, directed against TNF-α, and Ustekinumab, directed against the interleukin-12p40 subunit. We evaluated antibody yield, quality and N-glycosylation. All six antibodies had comparable levels of expression between 3.5 and 9% of total soluble protein content and were shown to have neutralizing activity in a cell-based assay. However, IgA1κ-based Adalimumab and Ustekinumab were poorly secreted compared to their IgG counterparts. Infliximab was poorly secreted regardless of isotype backbone. This corresponded with the observation that both IgA1κ- and IgG1κ-based Infliximab were enriched in oligomannose-type N-glycan structures. For IgG1κ-based Ustekinumab and Adalimumab, the major N-glycan type was the typical plant complex N-glycan, biantennary with terminal N-acetylglucosamine, β1,2-xylose and core α1,3-fucose. In contrast, the major N-glycan on the IgA-based antibodies was xylosylated, but lacked core α1,3-fucose and one terminal N-acetylglucosamine. This type of N-glycan occurs usually in marginal percentages in plants and was never shown to be the main fraction of a plant-produced recombinant protein. Our data demonstrate that the antibody isotype may have a profound influence on the type of N-glycan an antibody receives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte B Westerhof
- Plant Sciences Department, Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Gene manipulation based selenium-containing peptide exhibiting synergism of SOD and GPx. Chem Res Chin Univ 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-014-4239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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