1
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Donati A, Schneider-Maunoury S, Vesque C. Centriole Translational Planar Polarity in Monociliated Epithelia. Cells 2024; 13:1403. [PMID: 39272975 PMCID: PMC11393834 DOI: 10.3390/cells13171403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Ciliated epithelia are widespread in animals and play crucial roles in many developmental and physiological processes. Epithelia composed of multi-ciliated cells allow for directional fluid flow in the trachea, oviduct and brain cavities. Monociliated epithelia play crucial roles in vertebrate embryos, from the establishment of left-right asymmetry to the control of axis curvature via cerebrospinal flow motility in zebrafish. Cilia also have a central role in the motility and feeding of free-swimming larvae in a variety of marine organisms. These diverse functions rely on the coordinated orientation (rotational polarity) and asymmetric localization (translational polarity) of cilia and of their centriole-derived basal bodies across the epithelium, both being forms of planar cell polarity (PCP). Here, we review our current knowledge on the mechanisms of the translational polarity of basal bodies in vertebrate monociliated epithelia from the molecule to the whole organism. We highlight the importance of live imaging for understanding the dynamics of centriole polarization. We review the roles of core PCP pathways and of apicobasal polarity proteins, such as Par3, whose central function in this process has been recently uncovered. Finally, we emphasize the importance of the coordination between polarity proteins, the cytoskeleton and the basal body itself in this highly dynamic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Donati
- Developmental Biology Unit, UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM U1156, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury
- Developmental Biology Unit, UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM U1156, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christine Vesque
- Developmental Biology Unit, UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM U1156, 75005 Paris, France
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2
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Montserrat-Gomez M, Gogl G, Carrasco K, Betzi S, Durbesson F, Cousido-Siah A, Kostmann C, Essig DJ, Strømgaard K, Østergaard S, Morelli X, Trave G, Vincentelli R, Bailly E, Borg JP. PDZome-wide and structural characterization of the PDZ-binding motif of VANGL2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2024; 1872:140989. [PMID: 38142947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
VANGL2 is a core component of the non-canonical Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity signaling pathway that uses its highly conserved carboxy-terminal type 1 PDZ-binding motif (PBM) to bind a variety of PDZ proteins. In this study, we characterize and quantitatively assess the largest VANGL2 PDZome-binding profile documented so far, using orthogonal methods. The results of our holdup approach support VANGL2 interactions with a large panel of both long-recognized and unprecedented PDZ domains. Truncation and point mutation analyses of the VANGL2 PBM establish that, beyond the strict requirement of the P-0 / V521 and P-2 / T519 amino acids, upstream residues, including E518, Q516 and R514 at, respectively, P-3, P-5 and P-7 further contribute to the robustness of VANGL2 interactions with two distinct PDZ domains, SNX27 and SCRIBBLE-PDZ3. In agreement with these data, incremental amino-terminal deletions of the VANGL2 PBM causes its overall affinity to progressively decline. Moreover, the holdup data establish that the PDZome binding repertoire of VANGL2 starts to diverge significantly with the truncation of E518. A structural analysis of the SYNJ2BP-PDZ/VANGL2 interaction with truncated PBMs identifies a major conformational change in the binding direction of the PBM peptide after the P-2 position. Finally, we report that the PDZome binding profile of VANGL2 is dramatically rearranged upon phosphorylation of S517, T519 and S520. Our crystallographic approach illustrates how SYNJ2BP accommodates a S520-phosphorylated PBM peptide through the ideal positioning of two basic residues, K48 and R86. Altogether our data provides a comprehensive view of the VANGL2 PDZ network and how this network specifically responds to the post-translation modification of distinct PBM residues. These findings should prove useful in guiding future functional and molecular studies of the key PCP component VANGL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Montserrat-Gomez
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, cell signaling and cancer', Marseille, France
| | - Gergo Gogl
- Universite de Strasbourg, INSERM, CNRS, IGBMC, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Illkirch, France
| | - Kendall Carrasco
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe Integrative Structural & Chemical Biology, Marseille, France
| | - Stephane Betzi
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe Integrative Structural & Chemical Biology, Marseille, France
| | - Fabien Durbesson
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Marseille, France
| | - Alexandra Cousido-Siah
- Universite de Strasbourg, INSERM, CNRS, IGBMC, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Illkirch, France
| | - Camille Kostmann
- Universite de Strasbourg, INSERM, CNRS, IGBMC, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Illkirch, France
| | - Dominic J Essig
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Østergaard
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Research Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Xavier Morelli
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe Integrative Structural & Chemical Biology, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Trave
- Universite de Strasbourg, INSERM, CNRS, IGBMC, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Illkirch, France
| | - Renaud Vincentelli
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Marseille, France.
| | - Eric Bailly
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, cell signaling and cancer', Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, cell signaling and cancer', Marseille, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France.
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3
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Kacker S, Parsad V, Singh N, Hordiichuk D, Alvarez S, Gohar M, Kacker A, Rai SK. Planar Cell Polarity Signaling: Coordinated Crosstalk for Cell Orientation. J Dev Biol 2024; 12:12. [PMID: 38804432 PMCID: PMC11130840 DOI: 10.3390/jdb12020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The planar cell polarity (PCP) system is essential for positioning cells in 3D networks to establish the proper morphogenesis, structure, and function of organs during embryonic development. The PCP system uses inter- and intracellular feedback interactions between components of the core PCP, characterized by coordinated planar polarization and asymmetric distribution of cell populations inside the cells. PCP signaling connects the anterior-posterior to left-right embryonic plane polarity through the polarization of cilia in the Kupffer's vesicle/node in vertebrates. Experimental investigations on various genetic ablation-based models demonstrated the functions of PCP in planar polarization and associated genetic disorders. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of PCP signaling history, core components of the PCP signaling pathway, molecular mechanisms underlying PCP signaling, interactions with other signaling pathways, and the role of PCP in organ and embryonic development. Moreover, we will delve into the negative feedback regulation of PCP to maintain polarity, human genetic disorders associated with PCP defects, as well as challenges associated with PCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kacker
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown KN 1102, Saint Kitts and Nevis;
| | - Varuneshwar Parsad
- Department of Human Body Structure and Function, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown KN 1102, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (V.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Naveen Singh
- Department of Cerll and Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown KN 1102, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (N.S.); (S.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Daria Hordiichuk
- Department of Human Body Structure and Function, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown KN 1102, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (V.P.); (D.H.)
| | - Stacy Alvarez
- Department of Cerll and Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown KN 1102, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (N.S.); (S.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Mahnoor Gohar
- Department of Cerll and Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown KN 1102, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (N.S.); (S.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Anshu Kacker
- Department of Histology and Human Physiology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown KN 1102, Saint Kitts and Nevis;
| | - Sunil Kumar Rai
- Department of Cerll and Molecular Biology, Medical University of the Americas, Charlestown KN 1102, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (N.S.); (S.A.); (M.G.)
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4
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Kim SY, McTeague D, Cheong SS, Hind M, Dean CH. Deciphering the impacts of modulating the Wnt-planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway on alveolar repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1349312. [PMID: 38476262 PMCID: PMC10927798 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1349312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Many adult lung diseases involve dysregulated lung repair. Deciphering the molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern intrinsic lung repair is essential to develop new treatments to repair/regenerate the lungs. Aberrant Wnt signalling is associated with lung diseases including emphysema, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension but how Wnt signalling contributes to these diseases is still unclear. There are several alternative pathways that can be stimulated upon Wnt ligand binding, one of these is the Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway which induces actin cytoskeleton remodelling. Wnt5a is known to stimulate the PCP pathway and this ligand is of particular interest in regenerative lung biology because of its association with lung diseases and its role in the alveolar stem cell niche. To decipher the cellular mechanisms through which Wnt5a and the PCP pathway affect alveolar repair we utilised a 3-D ex-vivo model of lung injury and repair, the AIR model. Our results show that Wnt5a specifically enhances the alveolar epithelial progenitor cell population following injury and surprisingly, this function is attenuated but not abolished in Looptail (Lp) mouse lungs in which the PCP pathway is dysfunctional. However, Lp tracheal epithelial cells show reduced stiffness and Lp alveolar epithelial cells are less migratory than wildtype (WT), indicating that Lp lung epithelial cells have a reduced capacity for repair. These findings provide important mechanistic insight into how Wnt5a and the PCP pathway contribute to lung repair and indicate that these components of Wnt signalling may be viable targets for the development of pro-repair treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Yunsun Kim
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David McTeague
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sek-Shir Cheong
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hind
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte H. Dean
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Baral B, Kandpal M, Ray A, Jana A, Yadav DS, Sachin K, Mishra A, Baig MS, Jha HC. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus infection in cell polarity alterations. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:41-57. [PMID: 37672163 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetrical distribution of the cellular organelles inside the cell is maintained by a group of cell polarity proteins. The maintenance of polarity is one of the vital host defense mechanisms against pathogens, and the loss of it contributes to infection facilitation and cancer progression. Studies have suggested that infection of viruses and bacteria alters cell polarity. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus are group I carcinogens involved in the progression of multiple clinical conditions besides gastric cancer (GC) and Burkitt's lymphoma, respectively. Moreover, the coinfection of both these pathogens contributes to a highly aggressive form of GC. H. pylori and EBV target the host cell polarity complexes for their pathogenesis. H. pylori-associated proteins like CagA, VacA OipA, and urease were shown to imbalance the cellular homeostasis by altering the cell polarity. Similarly, EBV-associated genes LMP1, LMP2A, LMP2B, EBNA3C, and EBNA1 also contribute to altered cell asymmetry. This review summarized all the possible mechanisms involved in cell polarity deformation in H. pylori and EBV-infected epithelial cells. We have also discussed deregulated molecular pathways like NF-κB, TGF-β/SMAD, and β-catenin in H. pylori, EBV, and their coinfection that further modulate PAR, SCRIB, or CRB polarity complexes in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budhadev Baral
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Meenakshi Kandpal
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Anushka Ray
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Ankit Jana
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Dhirendra Singh Yadav
- Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Pune, DFSS, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, Talegaon MIDC Phase-1, Near JCB Factory, Pune, Maharashtra, 410506, India
| | - Kumar Sachin
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248 016, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65 Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
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6
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Tsitsikov EN, Phan KP, Liu Y, Tsytsykova AV, Kinter M, Selland L, Garman L, Griffin C, Dunn IF. TRAF7 is an essential regulator of blood vessel integrity during mouse embryonic and neonatal development. iScience 2023; 26:107474. [PMID: 37583551 PMCID: PMC10424150 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted deletion of TRAF7 revealed that it is a crucial part of shear stress-responsive MEKK3-MEK5-ERK5 signaling pathway induced in endothelial cells by blood flow. Similar to Mekk3-, Mek5- or Erk5-deficient mice, Traf7-deficient embryos died in utero around midgestation due to impaired endothelium integrity. They displayed significantly lower expression of transcription factor Klf2, an essential regulator of vascular hemodynamic forces downstream of the MEKK3-MEK-ERK5 signaling pathway. In addition, deletion of Traf7 in endothelial cells of postnatal mice was associated with severe cerebral hemorrhage. Here, we show that besides MEKK3 and MEK5, TRAF7 associates with a planar cell polarity protein SCRIB. SCRIB binds with an N-terminal region of TRAF7, while MEKK3 associates with the C-terminal WD40 domain. Downregulation of TRAF7 as well as SCRIB inhibited fluid shear stress-induced phosphorylation of ERK5 in cultured endothelial cells. These findings suggest that TRAF7 and SCRIB may comprise an upstream part of the MEKK3-MEK5-ERK5 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdyni N. Tsitsikov
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Khanh P. Phan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Alla V. Tsytsykova
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Mike Kinter
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lauren Selland
- Histology, Immunohistochemistry, Microscopy Core-COBRE Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lori Garman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Courtney Griffin
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ian F. Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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7
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Dreyer CA, VanderVorst K, Natwick D, Bell G, Sood P, Hernandez M, Angelastro JM, Collins SR, Carraway KL. A complex of Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling components Vangl1 and Fzd7 drives glioblastoma multiforme malignant properties. Cancer Lett 2023; 567:216280. [PMID: 37336284 PMCID: PMC10582999 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Targeting common oncogenic drivers of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in patients has remained largely ineffective, raising the possibility that alternative pathways may contribute to tumor aggressiveness. Here we demonstrate that Vangl1 and Fzd7, components of the non-canonical Wnt planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling pathway, promote GBM malignancy by driving cellular proliferation, migration, and invasiveness, and engage Rho GTPases to promote cytoskeletal rearrangements and actin dynamics in migrating GBM cells. Mechanistically, we uncover the existence of a novel Vangl1/Fzd7 complex at the leading edge of migrating GBM cells and propose that this complex is critical for the recruitment of downstream effectors to promote tumor progression. Moreover, we observe that depletion of FZD7 results in a striking suppression of tumor growth and latency and extends overall survival in an intracranial mouse xenograft model. Our observations support a novel mechanism by which Wnt/PCP components Vangl1 and Fzd7 form a complex at the leading edge of migratory GBM cells to engage downstream effectors that promote actin cytoskeletal rearrangements dynamics. Our findings suggest that interference with Wnt/PCP pathway function may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for patients diagnosed with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kacey VanderVorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Dean Natwick
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - George Bell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Prachi Sood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maria Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - James M Angelastro
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean R Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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8
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Lin I, Wei A, Awamleh Z, Singh M, Ning A, Herrera A, Russell BE, Weksberg R, Arboleda VA. Multiomics of Bohring-Opitz syndrome truncating ASXL1 mutations identify canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling dysregulation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167744. [PMID: 37053013 PMCID: PMC10322691 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ASXL1 (additional sex combs-like 1) plays key roles in epigenetic regulation of early developmental gene expression. De novo protein-truncating mutations in ASXL1 cause Bohring-Opitz syndrome (BOS; OMIM #605039), a rare neurodevelopmental condition characterized by severe intellectual disabilities, distinctive facial features, hypertrichosis, increased risk of Wilms tumor, and variable congenital anomalies, including heart defects and severe skeletal defects giving rise to a typical BOS posture. These BOS-causing ASXL1 variants are also high-prevalence somatic driver mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. We used primary cells from individuals with BOS (n = 18) and controls (n = 49) to dissect gene regulatory changes caused by ASXL1 mutations using comprehensive multiomics assays for chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq), DNA methylation, histone methylation binding, and transcriptome in peripheral blood and skin fibroblasts. Our data show that regardless of cell type, ASXL1 mutations drive strong cross-tissue effects that disrupt multiple layers of the epigenome. The data showed a broad activation of canonical Wnt signaling at the transcriptional and protein levels and upregulation of VANGL2, which encodes a planar cell polarity pathway protein that acts through noncanonical Wnt signaling to direct tissue patterning and cell migration. This multiomics approach identifies the core impact of ASXL1 mutations and therapeutic targets for BOS and myeloid leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Lin
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Angela Wei
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Interdepartmental BioInformatics Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zain Awamleh
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghna Singh
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aileen Ning
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Analeyla Herrera
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Bianca E. Russell
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie A. Arboleda
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Interdepartmental BioInformatics Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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9
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Kim YS, Yuan J, Dewar A, Borg JP, Threadgill DW, Sun X, Dey SK. An unanticipated discourse of HB-EGF with VANGL2 signaling during embryo implantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302937120. [PMID: 37155852 PMCID: PMC10193979 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302937120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Implantation is the first direct encounter between the embryo and uterus during pregnancy, and Hbegf is the earliest known molecular signaling for embryo-uterine crosstalk during implantation. The downstream effectors of heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF) in implantation remain elusive due to the complexity of EGF receptor family. This study shows that the formation of implantation chamber (crypt) triggered by HB-EGF is disrupted by uterine deletion of Vangl2, a key planar cell polarity component (PCP). We found that HB-EGF binds to ERBB2 and ERBB3 to recruit VANGL2 for tyrosine phosphorylation. Using in vivo models, we show that uterine VAGL2 tyrosine phosphorylation is suppressed in Erbb2/Erbb3 double conditional knockout mice. In this context, severe implantation defects in these mice lend support to the critical role of HB-EGF-ERBB2/3-VANGL2 in establishing a two-way dialogue between the blastocyst and uterus. In addition, the result addresses an outstanding question how VANGL2 is activated during implantation. Taken together, these observations reveal that HB-EGF regulates the implantation process by influencing uterine epithelial cell polarity comprising VANGL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Sun Kim
- Center of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45299
| | - Jia Yuan
- Center of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45299
| | - Amanda Dewar
- Center of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45299
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix Marseille Univ UM105, Inst Paoli Calmettes, UMR7258 CNRS, U1068 INSERM, Cell Polarity, Cell Signalling and Cancer - Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 13009Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 73231Paris, France
| | - David W. Threadgill
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX77843
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Center of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45299
| | - Sudhansu K. Dey
- Center of Reproductive Sciences, Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45299
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10
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Shi DL. Planar cell polarity regulators in asymmetric organogenesis during development and disease. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:63-76. [PMID: 35809777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of planar cell polarity is critically required for a myriad of morphogenetic processes in metazoan and is accurately controlled by several conserved modules. Six "core" proteins, including Frizzled, Flamingo (Celsr), Van Gogh (Vangl), Dishevelled, Prickle, and Diego (Ankrd6), are major components of the Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway. The Fat/Dchs protocadherins and the Scrib polarity complex also function to instruct cellular polarization. In vertebrates, all these pathways are essential for tissue and organ morphogenesis, such as neural tube closure, left-right symmetry breaking, heart and gut morphogenesis, lung and kidney branching, stereociliary bundle orientation, and proximal-distal limb elongation. Mutations in planar polarity genes are closely linked to various congenital diseases. Striking advances have been made in deciphering their contribution to the establishment of spatially oriented pattern in developing organs and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. The challenge remains to clarify the complex interplay of different polarity pathways in organogenesis and the link of cell polarity to cell fate specification. Interdisciplinary approaches are also important to understand the roles of mechanical forces in coupling cellular polarization and differentiation. This review outlines current advances on planar polarity regulators in asymmetric organ formation, with the aim to identify questions that deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China; Laboratory of Developmental Biology, CNRS-UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France.
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11
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Yu D, Deng D, Chen B, Sun H, Lyu J, Zhao Y, Chen P, Wu H, Ren D. Rack1 regulates cellular patterning and polarity in the mouse cochlea. Exp Cell Res 2022; 421:113387. [PMID: 36252648 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rack1 features seven WD40 repeats that fold into a multifaceted scaffold used to build signaling complexes in a context-dependent manner. Previous in vitro studies have revealed associations between Rack1 and many other proteins. Rack 1 is required for establishing planar cell polarity (PCP) in zebrafish and Xenopus. However, any molecular role of Rack1 in protein complexes or polarity regulation remains unclear. Here, we show that Rack1 is an essential gene in mice. Conditional knockout of Rack1 shortened the cochlear duct and induced cellular patterning defects characteristic of defective convergent extension (this PCP process is mediated by cellular junctional remodeling in the developing cochlear epithelium). Also, cochlear hair cells were no longer uniformly oriented in Rack1 conditional knockout mutants. Rack1 was enriched in the cellular cortices of sensory hair cells. In Rack1-deficient cochleae, E-cadherin expression at the cellular boundaries was greatly reduced. Together, the findings reveal a molecular role of Rack1 in PCP signaling that likely involves modulation of E-cadherin levels at the adherens junctions of the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehong Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Ear Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Di Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binjun Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Haojie Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jihan Lyu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Ear Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dongdong Ren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China.
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12
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Ma X, Guo J, Fu Y, Shen C, Jiang P, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yu Y, Fan J, Chai R. G protein-coupled receptors in cochlea: Potential therapeutic targets for hearing loss. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1028125. [PMID: 36311029 PMCID: PMC9596917 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1028125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hearing loss-related diseases caused by different factors is increasing worldwide year by year. Currently, however, the patient’s hearing loss has not been effectively improved. Therefore, there is an urgent need to adopt new treatment measures and treatment techniques to help improve the therapeutic effect of hearing loss. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as crucial cell surface receptors, can widely participate in different physiological and pathological processes, particularly play an essential role in many disease occurrences and be served as promising therapeutic targets. However, no specific drugs on the market have been found to target the GPCRs of the cochlea. Interestingly, many recent studies have demonstrated that GPCRs can participate in various pathogenic process related to hearing loss in the cochlea including heredity, noise, ototoxic drugs, cochlear structure, and so on. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the functions of 53 GPCRs known in the cochlea and their relationships with hearing loss, and highlight the recent advances of new techniques used in cochlear study including cryo-EM, AI, GPCR drug screening, gene therapy vectors, and CRISPR editing technology, as well as discuss in depth the future direction of novel GPCR-based drug development and gene therapy for cochlear hearing loss. Collectively, this review is to facilitate basic and (pre-) clinical research in this area, and provide beneficial help for emerging GPCR-based cochlear therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiamin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaoyang Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cangsong Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yafeng Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
- *Correspondence: Yafeng Yu,
| | - Jiangang Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Jiangang Fan,
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Renjie Chai,
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13
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Jussila M, Boswell CW, Griffiths NW, Pumputis PG, Ciruna B. Live imaging and conditional disruption of native PCP activity using endogenously tagged zebrafish sfGFP-Vangl2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5598. [PMID: 36151137 PMCID: PMC9508082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-wide coordination of polarized cytoskeletal organization and cell behaviour, critical for normal development, is controlled by asymmetric membrane localization of non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling components. Understanding the dynamic regulation of PCP thus requires visualization of these polarity proteins in vivo. Here we utilize CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to introduce a fluorescent reporter onto the core PCP component, Vangl2, in zebrafish. Through live imaging of endogenous sfGFP-Vangl2 expression, we report on the authentic regulation of vertebrate PCP during embryogenesis. Furthermore, we couple sfGFP-Vangl2 with conditional zGrad GFP-nanobody degradation methodologies to interrogate tissue-specific functions for PCP. Remarkably, loss of Vangl2 in foxj1a-positive cell lineages causes ependymal cell cilia and Reissner fiber formation defects as well as idiopathic-like scoliosis. Together, our studies provide crucial insights into the establishment and maintenance of vertebrate PCP and create a powerful experimental paradigm for investigating post-embryonic and tissue-specific functions for Vangl2 in development and disease. Planar cell polarity (PCP) is critical for tissue-wide coordination and successful development. Here Jussila et al. generate a GFP-Vangl2 fusion for live imaging and discover a surprising directionality to the intercellular propagation of cell polarity, and ultimately link PCP defects with idiopathic scoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jussila
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Curtis W Boswell
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Nigel W Griffiths
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Patrick G Pumputis
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Brian Ciruna
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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14
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Wang C, Qu K, Wang J, Qin R, Li B, Qiu J, Wang G. Biomechanical regulation of planar cell polarity in endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166495. [PMID: 35850177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity refers to the uneven distribution of certain cytoplasmic components in a cell with a spatial order. The planar cell polarity (PCP), the cell aligns perpendicular to the polar plane, in endothelial cells (ECs) has become a research hot spot. The planar polarity of ECs has a positive significance on the regulation of cardiovascular dysfunction, pathological angiogenesis, and ischemic stroke. The endothelial polarity is stimulated and regulated by biomechanical force. Mechanical stimuli promote endothelial polarization and make ECs produce PCP to maintain the normal physiological and biochemical functions. Here, we overview recent advances in understanding the interplay and mechanism between PCP and ECs function involved in mechanical forces, with a focus on PCP signaling pathways and organelles in regulating the polarity of ECs. And then showed the related diseases caused by ECs polarity dysfunction. This study provides new ideas and therapeutic targets for the treatment of endothelial PCP-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Qin
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingyi Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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15
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Deans MR. Planar cell polarity signaling guides cochlear innervation. Dev Biol 2022; 486:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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Ezan J, Moreau MM, Mamo TM, Shimbo M, Decroo M, Sans N, Montcouquiol M. Neuron-Specific Deletion of Scrib in Mice Leads to Neuroanatomical and Locomotor Deficits. Front Genet 2022; 13:872700. [PMID: 35692812 PMCID: PMC9174639 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.872700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scribble (Scrib) is a conserved polarity protein acting as a scaffold involved in multiple cellular and developmental processes. Recent evidence from our group indicates that Scrib is also essential for brain development as early global deletion of Scrib in the dorsal telencephalon induced cortical thickness reduction and alteration of interhemispheric connectivity. In addition, Scrib conditional knockout (cKO) mice have behavioral deficits such as locomotor activity impairment and memory alterations. Given Scrib broad expression in multiple cell types in the brain, we decided to determine the neuronal contribution of Scrib for these phenotypes. In the present study, we further investigate the function of Scrib specifically in excitatory neurons on the forebrain formation and the control of locomotor behavior. To do so, we generated a novel neuronal glutamatergic specific Scrib cKO mouse line called Nex-Scrib−/− cKO. Remarkably, cortical layering and commissures were impaired in these mice and reproduced to some extent the previously described phenotype in global Scrib cKO. In addition and in contrast to our previous results using Emx1-Scrib−/− cKO, the Nex-Scrib−/− cKO mutant mice exhibited significantly reduced locomotion. Altogether, the novel cKO model described in this study further highlights an essential role for Scrib in forebrain development and locomotor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Ezan
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- *Correspondence: Jerome Ezan,
| | - Maité M. Moreau
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tamrat M. Mamo
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Miki Shimbo
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maureen Decroo
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Sans
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mireille Montcouquiol
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
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17
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Boëx M, Cottin S, Halliez M, Bauché S, Buon C, Sans N, Montcouquiol M, Molgó J, Amar M, Ferry A, Lemaitre M, Rouche A, Langui D, Baskaran A, Fontaine B, Messéant J, Strochlic L. The cell polarity protein Vangl2 in the muscle shapes the neuromuscular synapse by binding to and regulating the tyrosine kinase MuSK. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabg4982. [PMID: 35580169 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abg4982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The development of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) requires dynamic trans-synaptic coordination orchestrated by secreted factors, including Wnt family morphogens. To investigate how these synaptic cues in NMJ development are transduced, particularly in the regulation of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) accumulation in the postsynaptic membrane, we explored the function of Van Gogh-like protein 2 (Vangl2), a core component of Wnt planar cell polarity signaling. We found that conditional, muscle-specific ablation of Vangl2 in mice reproduced the NMJ differentiation defects seen in mice with global Vangl2 deletion. These alterations persisted into adulthood and led to NMJ disassembly, impaired neurotransmission, and deficits in motor function. Vangl2 and the muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK were functionally associated in Wnt signaling in the muscle. Vangl2 bound to and promoted the signaling activity of MuSK in response to Wnt11. The loss of Vangl2 impaired RhoA activation in cultured mouse myotubes and caused dispersed, rather than clustered, organization of AChRs at the postsynaptic or muscle cell side of NMJs in vivo. Our results identify Vangl2 as a key player of the core complex of molecules shaping neuromuscular synapses and thus shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying NMJ assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Boëx
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Steve Cottin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Marius Halliez
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Stéphanie Bauché
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Céline Buon
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Nathalie Sans
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Neurocentre Magendie, UMR-S 1215, Bordeaux 33077, France.,Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Mireille Montcouquiol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Neurocentre Magendie, UMR-S 1215, Bordeaux 33077, France.,Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Jordi Molgó
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies Alternatives, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Equipe Mixte de Recherche CNRS 9004, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Muriel Amar
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies Alternatives, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Equipe Mixte de Recherche CNRS 9004, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Arnaud Ferry
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Mégane Lemaitre
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Phénotypage du Petit Animal, Paris 75013, France
| | - Andrée Rouche
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Dominique Langui
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Plate-forme d'Imagerie Cellulaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France
| | - Asha Baskaran
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Plate-forme d'Imagerie Cellulaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France
| | - Bertrand Fontaine
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Service de Neuro-Myologie, Hôpital Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France
| | - Julien Messéant
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Laure Strochlic
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
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18
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Dreyer CA, VanderVorst K, Carraway KL. Vangl as a Master Scaffold for Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity Signaling in Development and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:887100. [PMID: 35646914 PMCID: PMC9130715 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.887100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of polarity within tissues and dynamic cellular morphogenetic events are features common to both developing and adult tissues, and breakdown of these programs is associated with diverse human diseases. Wnt/Planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling, a branch of non-canonical Wnt signaling, is critical to the establishment and maintenance of polarity in epithelial tissues as well as cell motility events critical to proper embryonic development. In epithelial tissues, Wnt/PCP-mediated planar polarity relies upon the asymmetric distribution of core proteins to establish polarity, but the requirement for this distribution in Wnt/PCP-mediated cell motility remains unclear. However, in both polarized tissues and migratory cells, the Wnt/PCP-specific transmembrane protein Vangl is required and appears to serve as a scaffold upon which the core pathway components as well as positive and negative regulators of Wnt/PCP signaling assemble. The current literature suggests that the multiple interaction domains of Vangl allow for the binding of diverse signaling partners for the establishment of context- and tissue-specific complexes. In this review we discuss the role of Vangl as a master scaffold for Wnt/PCP signaling in epithelial tissue polarity and cellular motility events in developing and adult tissues, and address how these programs are dysregulated in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kermit L. Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
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19
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Moreau MM, Pietropaolo S, Ezan J, Robert BJA, Miraux S, Maître M, Cho Y, Crusio WE, Montcouquiol M, Sans N. Scribble Controls Social Motivation Behavior through the Regulation of the ERK/Mnk1 Pathway. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101601. [PMID: 35626639 PMCID: PMC9139383 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Social behavior is a basic domain affected by several neurodevelopmental disorders, including ASD and a heterogeneous set of neuropsychiatric disorders. The SCRIB gene that codes for the polarity protein SCRIBBLE has been identified as a risk gene for spina bifida, the most common type of neural tube defect, found at high frequencies in autistic patients, as well as other congenital anomalies. The deletions and mutations of the 8q24.3 region encompassing SCRIB are also associated with multisyndromic and rare disorders. Nonetheless, the potential link between SCRIB and relevant social phenotypes has not been fully investigated. Hence, we show that Scribcrc/+ mice, carrying a mutated version of Scrib, displayed reduced social motivation behavior and social habituation, while other behavioral domains were unaltered. Social deficits were associated with the upregulation of ERK phosphorylation, together with increased c-Fos activity. Importantly, the social alterations were rescued by both direct and indirect pERK inhibition. These results support a link between polarity genes, social behaviors and hippocampal functionality and suggest a role for SCRIB in the etiopathology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, our data demonstrate the crucial role of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in underlying social motivation behavior, thus supporting its relevance as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïté M. Moreau
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France; (J.E.); (B.J.A.R.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Susanna Pietropaolo
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neurosciences, UMR5287, 33405 Bordeaux, France; (S.P.); (Y.C.); (W.E.C.)
| | - Jérôme Ezan
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France; (J.E.); (B.J.A.R.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Benjamin J. A. Robert
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France; (J.E.); (B.J.A.R.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Sylvain Miraux
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR5536, 33077 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Marlène Maître
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France; (J.E.); (B.J.A.R.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Yoon Cho
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neurosciences, UMR5287, 33405 Bordeaux, France; (S.P.); (Y.C.); (W.E.C.)
| | - Wim E. Crusio
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Aquitaine Institute for Cognitive and Integrative Neurosciences, UMR5287, 33405 Bordeaux, France; (S.P.); (Y.C.); (W.E.C.)
| | - Mireille Montcouquiol
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France; (J.E.); (B.J.A.R.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Nathalie Sans
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France; (J.E.); (B.J.A.R.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.M.); (N.S.)
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20
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Payankaulam S, Hickey SL, Arnosti DN. Cell cycle expression of polarity genes features Rb targeting of Vang. Cells Dev 2022; 169:203747. [PMID: 34583062 PMCID: PMC8934252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Specification of cellular polarity is vital to normal tissue development and function. Pioneering studies in Drosophila and C. elegans have elucidated the composition and dynamics of protein complexes critical for establishment of cell polarity, which is manifest in processes such as cell migration and asymmetric cell division. Conserved throughout metazoans, planar cell polarity (PCP) genes are implicated in disease, including neural tube closure defects associated with mutations in VANGL1/2. PCP protein regulation is well studied; however, relatively little is known about transcriptional regulation of these genes. Our earlier study revealed an unexpected role for the fly Rbf1 retinoblastoma corepressor protein, a regulator of cell cycle genes, in transcriptional regulation of polarity genes. Here we analyze the physiological relevance of the role of E2F/Rbf proteins in the transcription of the key core polarity gene Vang. Targeted mutations to the E2F site within the Vang promoter disrupts binding of E2F/Rbf proteins in vivo, leading to polarity defects in wing hairs. E2F regulation of Vang is supported by the requirement for this motif in a reporter gene. Interestingly, the promoter is repressed by overexpression of E2F1, a transcription factor generally identified as an activator. Consistent with the regulation of this polarity gene by E2F and Rbf factors, expression of Vang and other polarity genes is found to peak in G2/M phase in cells of the embryo and wing imaginal disc, suggesting that cell cycle signals may play a role in regulation of these genes. These findings suggest that the E2F/Rbf complex mechanistically links cell proliferation and polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Payankaulam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie L Hickey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - David N Arnosti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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21
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Abstract
The molecular complexes underlying planar cell polarity (PCP) were first identified in Drosophila through analysis of mutant phenotypes in the adult cuticle and the orientation of associated polarized protrusions such as wing hairs and sensory bristles. The same molecules are conserved in vertebrates and are required for the localization of polarized protrusions such as primary or sensory cilia and the orientation of hair follicles. Not only is PCP signaling required to align cellular structures across a tissue, it is also required to coordinate movement during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. PCP signaling allows cells to interpret positional cues within a tissue to move in the appropriate direction and to coordinate this movement with their neighbors. In this review we outline the molecular basis of the core Wnt-Frizzled/PCP pathway, and describe how this signaling orchestrates collective motility in Drosophila and vertebrates. Here we cover the paradigms of ommatidial rotation and border cell migration in Drosophila, and convergent extension in vertebrates. The downstream cell biological processes that underlie polarized motility include cytoskeletal reorganization, and adherens junctional and extracellular matrix remodeling. We discuss the contributions of these processes in the respective cell motility contexts. Finally, we address examples of individual cell motility guided by PCP factors during nervous system development and in cancer disease contexts.
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22
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Chuykin I, Itoh K, Kim K, Sokol SY. Frizzled3 inhibits Vangl2-Prickle3 association to establish planar cell polarity in the vertebrate neural plate. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258864. [PMID: 34806749 PMCID: PMC8729781 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The orientation of epithelial cells in the plane of the tissue, known as planar cell polarity (PCP), is regulated by interactions of asymmetrically localized PCP protein complexes. In the Xenopus neural plate, Van Gogh-like2 (Vangl2) and Prickle3 (Pk3) proteins form a complex at the anterior cell boundaries, but how this complex is regulated in vivo remains largely unknown. Here, we use proximity biotinylation and crosslinking approaches to show that Vangl2-Pk3 association is inhibited by Frizzled3 (Fz3, also known as Fzd3), a core PCP protein that is specifically expressed in the neuroectoderm and is essential for the establishment of PCP in this tissue. This inhibition required Fz3-dependent Vangl2 phosphorylaton. Consistent with our observations, the complex of Pk3 with nonphosphorylatable Vangl2 did not polarize in the neural plate. These findings provide evidence for in vivo regulation of Vangl2-Pk3 complex formation and localization by a Frizzled receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sergei Y. Sokol
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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23
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Tarchini B. A Reversal in Hair Cell Orientation Organizes Both the Auditory and Vestibular Organs. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:695914. [PMID: 34646115 PMCID: PMC8502876 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory hair cells detect mechanical stimuli with their hair bundle, an asymmetrical brush of actin-based membrane protrusions, or stereocilia. At the single cell level, stereocilia are organized in rows of graded heights that confer the hair bundle with intrinsic directional sensitivity. At the organ level, each hair cell is precisely oriented so that its intrinsic directional sensitivity matches the direction of mechanical stimuli reaching the sensory epithelium. Coordinated orientation among neighboring hair cells usually ensures the delivery of a coherent local group response. Accordingly, hair cell orientation is locally uniform in the auditory and vestibular cristae epithelia in birds and mammals. However, an exception to this rule is found in the vestibular macular organs, and in fish lateral line neuromasts, where two hair cell populations show opposing orientations. This mirror-image hair cell organization confers bidirectional sensitivity at the organ level. Here I review our current understanding of the molecular machinery that produces mirror-image organization through a regional reversal of hair cell orientation. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that auditory hair cells adopt their normal uniform orientation through a global reversal mechanism similar to the one at work regionally in macular and neuromast organs. Macular and auditory organs thus appear to be patterned more similarly than previously appreciated during inner ear development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Tarchini
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States.,Department of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering (GSBSE), University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
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24
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Molecular mechanisms mediating asymmetric subcellular localisation of the core planar polarity pathway proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1297-1308. [PMID: 32820799 PMCID: PMC7458395 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Planar polarity refers to cellular polarity in an orthogonal plane to apicobasal polarity, and is seen across scales from molecular distributions of proteins to tissue patterning. In many contexts it is regulated by the evolutionarily conserved ‘core' planar polarity pathway that is essential for normal organismal development. Core planar polarity pathway components form asymmetric intercellular complexes that communicate polarity between neighbouring cells and direct polarised cell behaviours and the formation of polarised structures. The core planar polarity pathway consists of six structurally different proteins. In the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, where the pathway is best characterised, an intercellular homodimer of the seven-pass transmembrane protein Flamingo interacts on one side of the cell junction with the seven-pass transmembrane protein Frizzled, and on the other side with the four-pass transmembrane protein Strabismus. The cytoplasmic proteins Diego and Dishevelled are co-localised with Frizzled, and Prickle co-localises with Strabismus. Between these six components there are myriad possible molecular interactions, which could stabilise or destabilise the intercellular complexes and lead to their sorting into polarised distributions within cells. Post-translational modifications are key regulators of molecular interactions between proteins. Several post-translational modifications of core proteins have been reported to be of functional significance, in particular phosphorylation and ubiquitination. In this review, we discuss the molecular control of planar polarity and the molecular ecology of the core planar polarity intercellular complexes. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of understanding the spatial control of post-translational modifications in the establishment of planar polarity.
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25
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The polarity protein PARD3 and cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:4245-4262. [PMID: 34099863 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue disorganisation is one of the main hallmarks of cancer. Polarity proteins are responsible for the arrangement of cells within epithelial tissues through the asymmetric organisation of cellular components. Partition defective 3 (PARD3) is a master regulator of the Par polarity complex primarily due to its ability to form large complexes via its self-homologous binding domain. In addition to its role in polarity, PARD3 is a scaffolding protein that binds to intracellular signalling molecules, many of which are frequently deregulated in cancer. The role of PARD3 has been implicated in multiple solid cancers as either a tumour suppressor or promoter. This dual functionality is both physiologically and cell context dependent. In this review, we will discuss PARD3's role in tumourigenesis in both laboratory and clinical settings. We will also review several of the mechanisms underpinning PARD3's function including its association with intracellular signalling pathways and its role in the regulation of asymmetric cell division.
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26
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Planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins support spermatogenesis through cytoskeletal organization in the testis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 121:99-113. [PMID: 34059418 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Few reports are found in the literature regarding the role of planar cell polarity (PCP) in supporting spermatogenesis in the testis. Yet morphological studies reported decades earlier have illustrated the directional alignment of polarized developing spermatids, most notably step 17-19 spermatids in stage V-early VIII tubules in the testis, across the plane of the epithelium in seminiferous tubules of adult rats. Such morphological features have unequivocally demonstrated the presence of PCP in developing spermatids, analogous to the PCP noted in hair cells of the cochlea in mammals. Emerging evidence in recent years has shown that Sertoli and germ cells express numerous PCP proteins, mostly notably, the core PCP proteins, PCP effectors and PCP signaling proteins. In this review, we discuss recent findings in the field regarding the two core PCP protein complexes, namely the Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2)/Prickle (Pk) complex and the Frizzled (Fzd)/Dishevelled (Dvl) complex. These findings have illustrated that these PCP proteins exert their regulatory role to support spermatogenesis through changes in the organization of actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletons in Sertoli cells. For instance, these PCP proteins confer PCP to developing spermatids. As such, developing haploid spermatids can be aligned and orderly packed within the limited space of the seminiferous tubules in the testes for the production of sperm via spermatogenesis. Thus, each adult male in the mouse, rat or human can produce an upward of 30, 50 or 300 million spermatozoa on a daily basis, respectively, throughout the adulthood. We also highlight critical areas of research that deserve attention in future studies. We also provide a hypothetical model by which PCP proteins support spermatogenesis based on recent studies in the testis. It is conceivable that the hypothetical model shown here will be updated as more data become available in future years, but this information can serve as the framework by investigators to unravel the role of PCP in spermatogenesis.
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27
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Flasse L, Yennek S, Cortijo C, Barandiaran IS, Kraus MRC, Grapin-Botton A. Apical Restriction of the Planar Cell Polarity Component VANGL in Pancreatic Ducts Is Required to Maintain Epithelial Integrity. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107677. [PMID: 32460029 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity is essential for the architecture and function of numerous epithelial tissues. Here, we show that apical restriction of planar cell polarity (PCP) components is necessary for the maintenance of epithelial integrity. Using the mammalian pancreas as a model, we find that components of the core PCP pathway, such as the transmembrane protein Van Gogh-like (VANGL), become apically restricted over a period of several days. Expansion of VANGL localization to the basolateral membranes of progenitors leads to their death and disruption of the epithelial integrity. VANGL basolateral expansion does not affect apico-basal polarity but acts in the cells where Vangl is mislocalized by reducing Dishevelled and its downstream target ROCK. This reduction in ROCK activity culminates in progenitor cell egression, death, and eventually pancreatic hypoplasia. Thus, precise spatiotemporal modulation of VANGL-dependent PCP signaling is crucial for proper pancreatic morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Flasse
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Siham Yennek
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cédric Cortijo
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausannne, Switzerland
| | | | - Marine R-C Kraus
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausannne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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28
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Lesko AC, Keller R, Chen P, Sutherland A. Scribble mutation disrupts convergent extension and apical constriction during mammalian neural tube closure. Dev Biol 2021; 478:59-75. [PMID: 34029538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Morphogenesis of the vertebrate neural tube occurs by elongation and bending of the neural plate, tissue shape changes that are driven at the cellular level by polarized cell intercalation and cell shape changes, notably apical constriction and cell wedging. Coordinated cell intercalation, apical constriction, and wedging undoubtedly require complex underlying cytoskeletal dynamics and remodeling of adhesions. Mutations of the gene encoding Scribble result in neural tube defects in mice, however the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Scrib regulates neural cell behavior remain unknown. Analysis of Scribble mutants revealed defects in neural tissue shape changes, and live cell imaging of mouse embryos showed that the Scrib mutation results in defects in polarized cell intercalation, particularly in rosette resolution, and failure of both cell apical constriction and cell wedging. Scrib mutant embryos displayed aberrant expression of the junctional proteins ZO-1, Par3, Par6, E- and N-cadherins, and the cytoskeletal proteins actin and myosin. These findings show that Scribble has a central role in organizing the molecular complexes regulating the morphomechanical neural cell behaviors underlying vertebrate neurulation, and they advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in mammalian neural tube closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa C Lesko
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Raymond Keller
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Otogenetics Corporation, Atlanta, GA, 30360, USA
| | - Ann Sutherland
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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29
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Robert BJA, Moreau MM, Dos Santos Carvalho S, Barthet G, Racca C, Bhouri M, Quiedeville A, Garret M, Atchama B, Al Abed AS, Guette C, Henderson DJ, Desmedt A, Mulle C, Marighetto A, Montcouquiol M, Sans N. Vangl2 in the Dentate Network Modulates Pattern Separation and Pattern Completion. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107743. [PMID: 32521268 PMCID: PMC7296350 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The organization of spatial information, including pattern completion and pattern separation processes, relies on the hippocampal circuits, yet the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these two processes are elusive. Here, we find that loss of Vangl2, a core PCP gene, results in opposite effects on pattern completion and pattern separation processes. Mechanistically, we show that Vangl2 loss maintains young postmitotic granule cells in an immature state, providing increased cellular input for pattern separation. The genetic ablation of Vangl2 disrupts granule cell morpho-functional maturation and further prevents CaMKII and GluA1 phosphorylation, disrupting the stabilization of AMPA receptors. As a functional consequence, LTP at lateral perforant path-GC synapses is impaired, leading to defects in pattern completion behavior. In conclusion, we show that Vangl2 exerts a bimodal regulation on young and mature GCs, and its disruption leads to an imbalance in hippocampus-dependent pattern completion and separation processes. Vangl2-dependent PCP signaling controls granule cell maturation and network integration Vangl2 stabilizes GluA1-containing receptors at the surface of dendritic spines Granule cells require Vangl2-dependent signaling to elicit LTP Vangl2 loss has opposite functional effects on pattern completion/separation processes
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J A Robert
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maïté M Moreau
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Steve Dos Santos Carvalho
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Gael Barthet
- CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, IINS, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claudia Racca
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mehdi Bhouri
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Quiedeville
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maurice Garret
- CNRS, INCIA, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, INCIA, 30000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bénédicte Atchama
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alice Shaam Al Abed
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Guette
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Deborah J Henderson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Aline Desmedt
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Mulle
- CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, IINS, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aline Marighetto
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mireille Montcouquiol
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Nathalie Sans
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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30
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Kindt KS, Akturk A, Jarysta A, Day M, Beirl A, Flonard M, Tarchini B. EMX2-GPR156-Gαi reverses hair cell orientation in mechanosensory epithelia. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2861. [PMID: 34001891 PMCID: PMC8129141 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair cells detect sound, head position or water movements when their mechanosensory hair bundle is deflected. Each hair bundle has an asymmetric architecture that restricts stimulus detection to a single axis. Coordinated hair cell orientations within sensory epithelia further tune stimulus detection at the organ level. Here, we identify GPR156, an orphan GPCR of unknown function, as a critical regulator of hair cell orientation. We demonstrate that the transcription factor EMX2 polarizes GPR156 distribution, enabling it to signal through Gαi and trigger a 180° reversal in hair cell orientation. GPR156-Gαi mediated reversal is essential to establish hair cells with mirror-image orientations in mouse otolith organs in the vestibular system and in zebrafish lateral line. Remarkably, GPR156-Gαi also instructs hair cell reversal in the auditory epithelium, despite a lack of mirror-image organization. Overall, our work demonstrates that conserved GPR156-Gαi signaling is integral to the framework that builds directional responses into mechanosensory epithelia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Polarity/genetics
- Epithelium/metabolism
- Female
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- Hair Cells, Auditory/cytology
- Hair Cells, Auditory/metabolism
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Confocal/methods
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S Kindt
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alisha Beirl
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Basile Tarchini
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering (GSBSE), University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
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31
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Ezan J, Moreau MM, Mamo TM, Shimbo M, Decroo M, Richter M, Peyroutou R, Rachel R, Tissir F, de Anda FC, Sans N, Montcouquiol M. Early loss of Scribble affects cortical development, interhemispheric connectivity and psychomotor activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9106. [PMID: 33907211 PMCID: PMC8079449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders arise from combined defects in processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and commissure formation. The evolutionarily conserved tumor-suppressor protein Scribble (Scrib) serves as a nexus to transduce signals for the establishment of apicobasal and planar cell polarity during these processes. Human SCRIB gene mutations are associated with neural tube defects and this gene is located in the minimal critical region deleted in the rare Verheij syndrome. In this study, we generated brain-specific conditional cKO mouse mutants and assessed the impact of the Scrib deletion on brain morphogenesis and behavior. We showed that embryonic deletion of Scrib in the telencephalon leads to cortical thickness reduction (microcephaly) and partial corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure agenesis. We correlated these phenotypes with a disruption in various developmental mechanisms of corticogenesis including neurogenesis, neuronal migration and axonal connectivity. Finally, we show that Scrib cKO mice have psychomotor deficits such as locomotor activity impairment and memory alterations. Altogether, our results show that Scrib is essential for early brain development due to its role in several developmental cellular mechanisms that could underlie some of the deficits observed in complex neurodevelopmental pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Ezan
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Maité M Moreau
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tamrat M Mamo
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Miki Shimbo
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maureen Decroo
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Melanie Richter
- Germany Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Research Group Neuronal Development, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronan Peyroutou
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rivka Rachel
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Developmental Neurobiology Group, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, Box B1.73.16, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Froylan Calderon de Anda
- Germany Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Research Group Neuronal Development, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Sans
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mireille Montcouquiol
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France.
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32
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Structural basis of the human Scribble-Vangl2 association in health and disease. Biochem J 2021; 478:1321-1332. [PMID: 33684218 PMCID: PMC8038854 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Scribble is a critical cell polarity regulator that has been shown to work as either an oncogene or tumor suppressor in a context dependent manner, and also impacts cell migration, tissue architecture and immunity. Mutations in Scribble lead to neural tube defects in mice and humans, which has been attributed to a loss of interaction with the planar cell polarity regulator Vangl2. We show that the Scribble PDZ domains 1, 2 and 3 are able to interact with the C-terminal PDZ binding motif of Vangl2 and have now determined crystal structures of these Scribble PDZ domains bound to the Vangl2 peptide. Mapping of mammalian neural tube defect mutations reveal that mutations located distal to the canonical PDZ domain ligand binding groove can not only ablate binding to Vangl2 but also disrupt binding to multiple other signaling regulators. Our findings suggest that PDZ-associated neural tube defect mutations in Scribble may not simply act in a Vangl2 dependent manner but as broad-spectrum loss of function mutants by disrupting the global Scribble-mediated interaction network.
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33
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Landin Malt A, Hogan AK, Smith CD, Madani MS, Lu X. Wnts regulate planar cell polarity via heterotrimeric G protein and PI3K signaling. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:152025. [PMID: 32805026 PMCID: PMC7659710 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201912071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian cochlea, the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway aligns hair cell orientation along the plane of the sensory epithelium. Concurrently, multiple cell intrinsic planar polarity (referred to as iPCP) modules mediate planar polarization of the hair cell apical cytoskeleton, including the kinocilium and the V-shaped hair bundle essential for mechanotransduction. How PCP and iPCP are coordinated during development and the roles of Wnt ligands in this process remain unresolved. Here we show that genetic blockade of Wnt secretion in the cochlear epithelium resulted in a shortened cochlear duct and misoriented and misshapen hair bundles. Mechanistically, Wnts stimulate Gi activity by regulating the localization of Daple, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Gαi. In turn, the Gβγ complex signals through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) to regulate kinocilium positioning and asymmetric localizations of a subset of core PCP proteins, thereby coordinating PCP and iPCP. Thus, our results identify a putative Wnt/heterotrimeric G protein/PI3K pathway for PCP regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Landin Malt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Arielle K Hogan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Connor D Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Maxwell S Madani
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
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34
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Luo WW, Chen BJ, Wang YM, Yang JM, Liu X, Yuan YS, Lin X, Chi FL, Chen P, Ren DD. Planar cell polarity governs the alignment of the nasopharyngeal epithelium in mammals. FEBS J 2021; 288:1027-1040. [PMID: 32452625 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling specifies the orientation of epithelial cells and regulates directional beating of motile cilia of multiciliated epithelial cells. Clinically, defects in cilia function are associated with nasopharyngeal symptoms. The polarity of the nasopharyngeal epithelium is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated PCP in the nasopharyngeal epithelium. Multiciliated cells (MCCs) were uniformly aligned with their long axis parallel to the tissue axis of the nasopharynx (NP). In addition, PCP proteins exhibited an asymmetrical localisation between adjacent cells. Motile cilia were uniformly aligned in the same direction within both individual cells and neighbouring cells, which manifested as cilial polarity in MCCs. Mutation of Vangl2, a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila PCP gene, resulted in significant disruption of the orientation of epithelial cells. Finally, keratin-5-positive basal cells constantly replenished the luminal ciliated cells; the new dynamic ciliated cells were also oriented parallel to the tissue axis. These results indicate a role for the PCP pathway in the uniform orientation of dynamically replenished epithelial cells in the NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Luo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bin-Jun Chen
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Mei Wang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Juan-Mei Yang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Sheng Yuan
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fang-Lu Chi
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dong-Dong Ren
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
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35
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Abstract
The delivery of therapies to the cochlea is notoriously challenging. It is an organ protected by a number of barriers that need to be overcome in the drug delivery process. Additionally, there are multiple sites of possible damage within the cochlea. Despite the many potential sites of damage, acquired otologic insults preferentially damage a single location. While progress has been made in techniques for inner ear drug delivery, the current techniques remain non-specific and our ability to deliver therapies in a cell-specific manner are limited. Fortunately, there are proteins specific to various cell-types within the cochlea (e.g., hair cells, spiral ganglion cells, stria vascularis) that function as biomarkers of site-specific damage. These protein biomarkers have potential to serve as targets for cell-specific inner ear drug delivery. In this manuscript, we review the concept of biomarkers and targeted- inner ear drug delivery and the well-characterized protein biomarkers within each of the locations of interest within the cochlea. Our review will focus on targeted drug delivery in the setting of acquired otologic insults (e.g., ototoxicity, noise-induce hearing loss). The goal is not to discuss therapies to treat acquired otologic insults, rather, to establish potential concepts of how to deliver therapies in a targeted, cell-specific manner. Based on our review, it is clear that future of inner ear drug delivery is a discipline filled with potential that will require collaborative efforts among clinicians and scientists to optimize treatment of otologic insults. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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36
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Cheong SS, Akram KM, Matellan C, Kim SY, Gaboriau DCA, Hind M, del Río Hernández AE, Griffiths M, Dean CH. The Planar Polarity Component VANGL2 Is a Key Regulator of Mechanosignaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:577201. [PMID: 33195213 PMCID: PMC7658195 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.577201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
VANGL2 is a component of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, which regulates tissue polarity and patterning. The Vangl2 Lp mutation causes lung branching defects due to dysfunctional actomyosin-driven morphogenesis. Since the actomyosin network regulates cell mechanics, we speculated that mechanosignaling could be impaired when VANGL2 is disrupted. Here, we used live-imaging of precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) from Vangl2 Lp/+ mice to determine that alveologenesis is attenuated as a result of impaired epithelial cell migration. Vangl2 Lp/+ tracheal epithelial cells (TECs) and alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) exhibited highly disrupted actomyosin networks and focal adhesions (FAs). Functional assessment of cellular forces confirmed impaired traction force generation in Vangl2 Lp/+ TECs. YAP signaling in Vangl2 Lp airway epithelium was reduced, consistent with a role for VANGL2 in mechanotransduction. Furthermore, activation of RhoA signaling restored actomyosin organization in Vangl2 Lp/+ , confirming RhoA as an effector of VANGL2. This study identifies a pivotal role for VANGL2 in mechanosignaling, which underlies the key role of the PCP pathway in tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sek-Shir Cheong
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Khondoker M. Akram
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Matellan
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Yunsun Kim
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David C. A. Gaboriau
- Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hind
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Armando E. del Río Hernández
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Griffiths
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Peri-Operative Medicine Department, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte H. Dean
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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37
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Najarro EH, Huang J, Jacobo A, Quiruz LA, Grillet N, Cheng AG. Dual regulation of planar polarization by secreted Wnts and Vangl2 in the developing mouse cochlea. Development 2020; 147:dev.191981. [PMID: 32907846 DOI: 10.1242/dev.191981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins localize asymmetrically to instruct cell polarity within the tissue plane, with defects leading to deformities of the limbs, neural tube and inner ear. Wnt proteins are evolutionarily conserved polarity cues, yet Wnt mutants display variable PCP defects; thus, how Wnts regulate PCP remains unresolved. Here, we have used the developing cochlea as a model system to show that secreted Wnts regulate PCP through polarizing a specific subset of PCP proteins. Conditional deletion of Wntless or porcupine, both of which are essential for secretion of Wnts, caused misrotated sensory cells and shortened cochlea - both hallmarks of PCP defects. Wntless-deficient cochleae lacked the polarized PCP components dishevelled 1/2 and frizzled 3/6, while other PCP proteins (Vangl1/2, Celsr1 and dishevelled 3) remained localized. We identified seven Wnt paralogues, including the major PCP regulator Wnt5a, which was, surprisingly, dispensable for planar polarization in the cochlea. Finally, Vangl2 haploinsufficiency markedly accentuated sensory cell polarization defects in Wntless-deficient cochlea. Together, our study indicates that secreted Wnts and Vangl2 coordinate to ensure proper tissue polarization during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Huarcaya Najarro
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adrian Jacobo
- Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lee A Quiruz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicolas Grillet
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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38
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Tona Y, Wu DK. Live imaging of hair bundle polarity acquisition demonstrates a critical timeline for transcription factor Emx2. eLife 2020; 9:e59282. [PMID: 32965215 PMCID: PMC7535933 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional sensitivity of hair cells (HCs) is conferred by the aymmetric apical hair bundle, comprised of a kinocilium and stereocilia staircase. The mother centriole (MC) forms the base of the kinocilium and the stereocilia develop adjacent to it. Previously, we showed that transcription factor Emx2 reverses hair bundle orientation and its expression in the mouse vestibular utricle is restricted, resulting in two regions of opposite bundle orientation (Jiang et al., 2017). Here, we investigated establishment of opposite bundle orientation in embryonic utricles by live-imaging GFP-labeled centrioles in HCs. The daughter centriole invariably migrated ahead of the MC from the center to their respective peripheral locations in HCs. Comparing HCs between utricular regions, centriole trajectories were similar but they migrated toward opposite directions, suggesting that Emx2 pre-patterned HCs prior to centriole migration. Ectopic Emx2, however, reversed centriole trajectory within hours during a critical time-window when centriole trajectory was responsive to Emx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Tona
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Doris K Wu
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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39
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Nakaya MA, Gudmundsson KO, Komiya Y, Keller JR, Habas R, Yamaguchi TP, Ajima R. Placental defects lead to embryonic lethality in mice lacking the Formin and PCP proteins Daam1 and Daam2. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232025. [PMID: 32353019 PMCID: PMC7192421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays a central role in establishing cell polarity and shape during embryonic morphogenesis. Daam1, a member of the Formin family of actin cytoskeleton regulators, is a Dvl2-binding protein that functions in the Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway. To examine the role of the Daam proteins in mammalian development, we generated Daam-deficient mice by gene targeting and found that Daam1, but not Daam2, is necessary for fetal survival. Embryonic development of Daam1 mutants was delayed most likely due to functional defects in the labyrinthine layer of the placenta. Examination of Daam2 and Daam1/2 double mutants revealed that Daam1 and Daam2 are functionally redundant during placental development. Of note, neural tube closure defects (NTD), which are observed in several mammalian PCP mutants, are not observed in Wnt5a or Daam1 single mutants, but arise in Daam1;Wnt5a double mutants. These findings demonstrate a unique function for Daam genes in placental development and are consistent with a role for Daam1 in the Wnt/PCP pathway in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masa-aki Nakaya
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United State of America
| | - Kristibjorn Orri Gudmundsson
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United State of America
| | - Yuko Komiya
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United State of America
| | - Jonathan R. Keller
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United State of America
| | - Raymond Habas
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United State of America
| | - Terry P. Yamaguchi
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United State of America
| | - Rieko Ajima
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United State of America
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40
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Noncanonical Wnt planar cell polarity signaling in lung development and disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:231-243. [PMID: 32096543 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway is a potent developmental regulator of directional cell behaviors such as migration, asymmetric division and morphological polarization that are critical for shaping the body axis and the complex three-dimensional architecture of tissues and organs. PCP is considered a noncanonical Wnt pathway due to the involvement of Wnt ligands and Frizzled family receptors in the absence of the beta-catenin driven gene expression observed in the canonical Wnt cascade. At the heart of the PCP mechanism are protein complexes capable of generating molecular asymmetries within cells along a tissue-wide axis that are translated into polarized actin and microtubule cytoskeletal dynamics. PCP has emerged as an important regulator of developmental, homeostatic and disease processes in the respiratory system. It acts along other signaling pathways to create the elaborately branched structure of the lung by controlling the directional protrusive movements of cells during branching morphogenesis. PCP operates in the airway epithelium to establish and maintain the orientation of respiratory cilia along the airway axis for anatomically directed mucociliary clearance. It also regulates the establishment of the pulmonary vasculature. In adult tissues, PCP dysfunction has been linked to a variety of chronic lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, stemming chiefly from the breakdown of proper tissue structure and function and aberrant cell migration during regenerative wound healing. A better understanding of these (impaired) PCP mechanisms is needed to fully harness the therapeutic opportunities of targeting PCP in chronic lung diseases.
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41
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Dos-Santos Carvalho S, Moreau MM, Hien YE, Garcia M, Aubailly N, Henderson DJ, Studer V, Sans N, Thoumine O, Montcouquiol M. Vangl2 acts at the interface between actin and N-cadherin to modulate mammalian neuronal outgrowth. eLife 2020; 9:51822. [PMID: 31909712 PMCID: PMC6946565 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic mechanical interactions between adhesion complexes and the cytoskeleton are essential for axon outgrowth and guidance. Whether planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins, which regulate cytoskeleton dynamics and appear necessary for some axon guidance, also mediate interactions with membrane adhesion is still unclear. Here we show that Vangl2 controls growth cone velocity by regulating the internal retrograde actin flow in an N-cadherin-dependent fashion. Single molecule tracking experiments show that the loss of Vangl2 decreased fast-diffusing N-cadherin membrane molecules and increased confined N-cadherin trajectories. Using optically manipulated N-cadherin-coated microspheres, we correlated this behavior to a stronger mechanical coupling of N-cadherin with the actin cytoskeleton. Lastly, we show that the spatial distribution of Vangl2 within the growth cone is selectively affected by an N-cadherin-coated substrate. Altogether, our data show that Vangl2 acts as a negative regulator of axonal outgrowth by regulating the strength of the molecular clutch between N-cadherin and the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Dos-Santos Carvalho
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maite M Moreau
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yeri Esther Hien
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mikael Garcia
- CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Aubailly
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Deborah J Henderson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Studer
- CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Sans
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Thoumine
- CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mireille Montcouquiol
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
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42
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Montcouquiol M, Kelley MW. Development and Patterning of the Cochlea: From Convergent Extension to Planar Polarity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a033266. [PMID: 30617059 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Within the mammalian cochlea, sensory hair cells and supporting cells are aligned in curvilinear rows that extend along the length of the tonotopic axis. In addition, all of the cells within the epithelium are uniformly polarized across the orthogonal neural-abneural axis. Finally, each hair cell is intrinsically polarized as revealed by the presence of an asymmetrically shaped and apically localized stereociliary bundle. It has been known for some time that many of the developmental processes that regulate these patterning events are mediated, to some extent, by the core planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. This article will review more recent work demonstrating how components of the PCP pathway interact with cytoskeletal motor proteins to regulate cochlear outgrowth. Finally, a signaling pathway originally identified for its role in asymmetric cell divisions has recently been shown to mediate several aspects of intrinsic hair cell polarity, including kinocilia migration, bundle shape, and elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Montcouquiol
- INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33077 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Matthew W Kelley
- Laboratory of Cochlear Development, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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43
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Santoni MJ, Kashyap R, Camoin L, Borg JP. The Scribble family in cancer: twentieth anniversary. Oncogene 2020; 39:7019-7033. [PMID: 32999444 PMCID: PMC7527152 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the more than 160 PDZ containing proteins described in humans, the cytoplasmic scaffold Scribble stands out because of its essential role in many steps of cancer development and dissemination. Its fame has somehow blurred the importance of homologous proteins, Erbin and Lano, all belonging to the LRR and PDZ (LAP) protein family first described twenty years ago. In this review, we will retrace the history of LAP family protein research and draw attention to their contribution in cancer by detailing the features of its members at the structural and functional levels, and highlighting their shared-but also different-implication in the tumoral process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Josée Santoni
- grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue ‘Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling and Cancer’, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Rudra Kashyap
- grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue ‘Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling and Cancer’, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholisch University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Camoin
- grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Equipe labellisée Ligue ‘Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling and Cancer’, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009 Marseille, France ,grid.463833.90000 0004 0572 0656Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France ,grid.440891.00000 0001 1931 4817Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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Cheng C, Wang Y, Guo L, Lu X, Zhu W, Muhammad W, Zhang L, Lu L, Gao J, Tang M, Chen F, Gao X, Li H, Chai R. Age-related transcriptome changes in Sox2+ supporting cells in the mouse cochlea. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:365. [PMID: 31791390 PMCID: PMC6889721 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inner ear supporting cells (SCs) in the neonatal mouse cochlea are a potential source for hair cell (HC) regeneration, but several studies have shown that the regeneration ability of SCs decreases dramatically as mice age and that lost HCs cannot be regenerated in adult mice. To better understand how SCs might be better used to regenerate HCs, it is important to understand how the gene expression profile changes in SCs at different ages. Methods Here, we used Sox2GFP/+ mice to isolate the Sox2+ SCs at postnatal day (P)3, P7, P14, and P30 via flow cytometry. Next, we used RNA-seq to determine the transcriptome expression profiles of P3, P7, P14, and P30 SCs. To further analyze the relationships between these age-related and differentially expressed genes in Sox2+ SCs, we performed gene ontology (GO) analysis. Results Consistent with previous reports, we also found that the proliferation and HC regeneration ability of isolated Sox2+ SCs significantly decreased as mice aged. We identified numerous genes that are enriched and differentially expressed in Sox2+ SCs at four different postnatal ages, including cell cycle genes, signaling pathway genes, and transcription factors that might be involved in regulating the proliferation and HC differentiation ability of SCs. We thus present a set of genes that might regulate the proliferation and HC regeneration ability of SCs, and these might serve as potential new therapeutic targets for HC regeneration. Conclusions In our research, we found several genes that might play an important role in regulating the proliferation and HC regeneration ability of SCs. These datasets are expected to serve as a resource to provide potential new therapeutic targets for regulating the ability of SCs to regenerate HCs in postnatal mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.,Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Shanghai Fenyang Vision & Audition Center, Shanghai, China.,ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Room 611, Building 9, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Luo Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Room 611, Building 9, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Room 611, Building 9, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Weijie Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Waqas Muhammad
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Liyan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Junyan Gao
- Jiangsu Rehabilitation Research Center for Hearing and Speech Impairment, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Room 611, Building 9, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Renjie Chai
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Room 611, Building 9, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China. .,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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45
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Richardson GP, Petit C. Hair-Bundle Links: Genetics as the Gateway to Function. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a033142. [PMID: 30617060 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Up to five distinct cell-surface specializations interconnect the stereocilia and the kinocilium of the mature hair bundle in some species: kinocilial links, tip links, top connectors, shaft connectors, and ankle links. In developing hair bundles, transient lateral links are prominent. Mutations in genes encoding proteins associated with these links cause Usher deafness/blindness syndrome or nonsyndromic (isolated) forms of human hereditary deafness, and mice with constitutive or conditional alleles of these genes have provided considerable insight into the molecular composition and function of the different links. We describe the structure of these links and review evidence showing CDH23 and PCDH15 are components of the tip, kinocilial, and transient-lateral links, that stereocilin (STRC) and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPRQ) are associated with top and shaft connectors, respectively, and that USH2A and ADGRV1 are associated with the ankle links. Whereas tip links are required for mechanoelectrical transduction, all link proteins play key roles in the normal development and/or the maintenance of hair bundle structure and function. Recent crystallographic and single-particle analyses of PCDH15 and CDH23 provide insight as to how the structure of tip link may contribute to the elastic element predicted to lie in series with the hair cell's mechanoelectrical transducer channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy P Richardson
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Petit
- Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,Collège de France, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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46
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PCP and Wnt pathway components act in parallel during zebrafish mechanosensory hair cell orientation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3993. [PMID: 31488837 PMCID: PMC6728366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) plays crucial roles in developmental processes such as gastrulation, neural tube closure and hearing. Wnt pathway mutants are often classified as PCP mutants due to similarities between their phenotypes. Here, we show that in the zebrafish lateral line, disruptions of the PCP and Wnt pathways have differential effects on hair cell orientations. While mutations in the PCP genes vangl2 and scrib cause random orientations of hair cells, mutations in wnt11f1, gpc4 and fzd7a/b induce hair cells to adopt a concentric pattern. This concentric pattern is not caused by defects in PCP but is due to misaligned support cells. The molecular basis of the support cell defect is unknown but we demonstrate that the PCP and Wnt pathways work in parallel to establish proper hair cell orientation. Consequently, hair cell orientation defects are not solely explained by defects in PCP signaling, and some hair cell phenotypes warrant re-evaluation. Planar cell polarity (PCP) regulates hair cell orientation in the zebrafish lateral line. Here, the authors show that mutating Wnt pathway genes (wnt11f1, fzd7a/b, and gpc4) causes concentric hair cell patterns not regulated by PCP, thus showing PCP/Wnt pathway genes have different consequences on hair cell orientation.
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47
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Mathewson AW, Berman DG, Moens CB. Microtubules are required for the maintenance of planar cell polarity in monociliated floorplate cells. Dev Biol 2019; 452:21-33. [PMID: 31029691 PMCID: PMC6661169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric localization of planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins is essential for the establishment of many planar polarized cellular processes, but the mechanisms that maintain these asymmetric distributions remain poorly understood. A body of evidence has tied oriented subapical microtubules (MTs) to the establishment of PCP protein polarity, yet recent studies have suggested that the MT cytoskeleton is later dispensable for the maintenance of this asymmetry. As MTs underlie the vesicular trafficking of membrane-bound proteins within cells, the requirement for MTs in the maintenance of PCP merited further investigation. We investigated the complex interactions between PCP proteins and the MT cytoskeleton in the polarized context of the floorplate of the zebrafish neural tube. We demonstrated that the progressive posterior polarization of the primary cilia of floorplate cells requires not only Vangl2 but also Fzd3a. We determined that GFP-Vangl2 asymmetrically localizes to anterior membranes whereas Fzd3a-GFP does not polarize on anterior or posterior membranes but maintains a cytosolic enrichment at the base of the primary cilium. Vesicular Fzd3a-GFP is rapidly trafficked along MTs primarily toward the apical membrane during a period of PCP maintenance, whereas vesicular GFP-Vangl2 is less frequently observed. Nocodazole-induced loss of MT polymerization disrupts basal body positioning as well as GFP-Vangl2 localization and reduces cytosolic Fzd3a-GFP movements. Removal of nocodazole after MT disruption restores MT polymerization but does not restore basal body polarity. Interestingly, GFP-Vangl2 repolarizes to anterior membranes and vesicular Fzd3a-GFP dynamics recover after multiple hours of recovery, even in the context of unpolarized basal bodies. Together our findings challenge previous work by revealing an ongoing role for MT-dependent transport of PCP proteins in maintaining both cellular and PCP protein asymmetry during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Mathewson
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel G Berman
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Tower-Gilchrist C, Zlatic SA, Yu D, Chang Q, Wu H, Lin X, Faundez V, Chen P. Adaptor protein-3 complex is required for Vangl2 trafficking and planar cell polarity of the inner ear. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2422-2434. [PMID: 31268833 PMCID: PMC6741063 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-08-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) regulates coordinated cellular polarity among neighboring cells to establish a polarity axis parallel to the plane of the tissue. Disruption in PCP results in a range of developmental anomalies and diseases. A key feature of PCP is the polarized and asymmetric localization of several membrane PCP proteins, which is essential to establish the polarity axis to orient cells coordinately. However, the machinery that regulates the asymmetric partition of PCP proteins remains largely unknown. In the present study, we show Van gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) in early and recycling endosomes as made evident by colocalization with diverse endosomal Rab proteins. Vangl2 biochemically interacts with adaptor protein-3 complex (AP-3). Using short hairpin RNA knockdown, we found that Vangl2 subcellular localization was modified in AP-3–depleted cells. Moreover, Vangl2 membrane localization within the cochlea is greatly reduced in AP-3–deficient mocha mice, which exhibit profound hearing loss. In inner ears from AP-3–deficient mocha mice, we observed PCP-dependent phenotypes, such as misorientation and deformation of hair cell stereociliary bundles and disorganization of hair cells characteristic of defects in convergent extension that is driven by PCP. These findings demonstrate a novel role of AP-3–mediated sorting mechanisms in regulating PCP proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie A Zlatic
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Dehong Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital and Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital and Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Hakanen J, Ruiz-Reig N, Tissir F. Linking Cell Polarity to Cortical Development and Malformations. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:244. [PMID: 31213986 PMCID: PMC6558068 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity refers to the asymmetric distribution of signaling molecules, cellular organelles, and cytoskeleton in a cell. Neural progenitors and neurons are highly polarized cells in which the cell membrane and cytoplasmic components are compartmentalized into distinct functional domains in response to internal and external cues that coordinate polarity and behavior during development and disease. In neural progenitor cells, polarity has a prominent impact on cell shape and coordinate several processes such as adhesion, division, and fate determination. Polarity also accompanies a neuron from the beginning until the end of its life. It is essential for development and later functionality of neuronal circuitries. During development, polarity governs transitions between multipolar and bipolar during migration of postmitotic neurons, and directs the specification and directional growth of axons. Once reaching final positions in cortical layers, neurons form dendrites which become compartmentalized to ensure proper establishment of neuronal connections and signaling. Changes in neuronal polarity induce signaling cascades that regulate cytoskeletal changes, as well as mRNA, protein, and vesicle trafficking, required for synapses to form and function. Hence, defects in establishing and maintaining cell polarity are associated with several neural disorders such as microcephaly, lissencephaly, schizophrenia, autism, and epilepsy. In this review we summarize the role of polarity genes in cortical development and emphasize the relationship between polarity dysfunctions and cortical malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Hakanen
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nuria Ruiz-Reig
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium
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50
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Panzica DA, Findlay AS, van Ladesteijn R, Collinson JM. The core planar cell polarity gene, Vangl2, maintains apical-basal organisation of the corneal epithelium. J Anat 2019; 234:106-119. [PMID: 28833131 PMCID: PMC6284432 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the core planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway protein, Vangl2, was investigated in the corneal epithelium of the mammalian eye, a paradigm anatomical model of planar cell migration. The gene was conditionally knocked out in vivo and knocked down by siRNA, followed by immunohistochemical, behavioural and morphological analysis of corneal epithelial cells. The primary defects observed in vivo were of apical-basal organisation of the corneal epithelium, with abnormal stratification throughout life, mislocalisation of the cell membrane protein, Scribble, to the basal side of cells, and partial loss of the epithelial basement membrane. Planar defects in migration after wounding and in the presence of an applied electric field were noted. However, knockdown of Vangl2 also retarded cell migration in individual cells that had no contact with their neighbours, which precluded a classic PCP mechanism. It is concluded that some of the planar polarity phenotypes in PCP mutants may arise from disruption of apical-basal polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Alessio Panzica
- School of MedicineMedical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Amy S. Findlay
- School of MedicineMedical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | - J. Martin Collinson
- School of MedicineMedical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
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