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Apte M, Zambre S, Pisar P, Roy B, Tupe R. Decoding the role of aldosterone in glycation-induced diabetic complications. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 721:150107. [PMID: 38781658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes-mediated development of micro and macro-vascular complications is a global concern. One of the factors is hyperglycemia induced the non-enzymatic formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Accumulated AGEs bind with receptor of AGEs (RAGE) causing inflammation, oxidative stress and extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) modifications responsible for fibrosis, cell damage and tissue remodeling. Moreover, during hyperglycemia, aldosterone (Aldo) secretion increases, and its interaction with mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) through genomic and non-genomic pathways leads to inflammation and fibrosis. Extensive research on individual involvement of AGEs-RAGE and Aldo-MR pathways in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and impaired immune system has led to the discovery of therapeutic drugs. Despite mutual repercussions, the cross-talk between AGEs-RAGE and Aldo-MR pathways remains unresolved. Hence, this review focuses on the possible interaction of Aldo and glycation in DN and CVDs, considering the clinical significance of mutual molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayura Apte
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Saee Zambre
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Pratiksha Pisar
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Bishnudeo Roy
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Rashmi Tupe
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra State, India.
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Nazari M, Nikbaf-Shandiz M, Pashayee-Khamene F, Bagheri R, Goudarzi K, Hosseinnia NV, Dolatshahi S, Omran HS, Amirani N, Ashtary-Larky D, Asbaghi O, Ghanavati M. Zinc Supplementation in Individuals with Prediabetes and type 2 Diabetes: a GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2966-2990. [PMID: 37870684 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Zinc supplementation has therapeutic effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and inflammation as the main contributors to CVD pathogenesis. Since CVD is a major cause of mortality among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), this study aimed to overview the potential effects of zinc supplementation on CVD risk factors in T2DM patients. To determine appropriate randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of zinc supplementation on CVD risk factors, electronic sources including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched until January 2023. The heterogeneity of trials was checked using the I2 statistic. According to the heterogeneity tests, random-effects models were estimated, and pooled data were defined as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Of the 4004 initial records, 23 studies that met inclusion criteria were analyzed in this meta-analysis. The pooled findings indicated the significant lowering effects of zinc supplementation on triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and C-reactive protein (CRP), while high-density cholesterol (HDL) concentrations showed an elevation after zinc supplementation. In addition to statistical significance, the effect of zinc supplementation on most of the variables was clinically significant; however, the quality of evidence in the included studies is regarded as low or very low for most variables. Our study demonstrated that zinc supplementation has beneficial effects on glycemic control markers, lipid profile, and CRP levels as a classic marker of inflammation in T2DM. Due to the high degree of heterogeneity between studies and the low rate of quality in them, further well-designed studies are necessitated to strengthen our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Nazari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kian Goudarzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Vahid Hosseinnia
- Sport Management Department, Human Science Faculty, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Dolatshahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi Omran
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niusha Amirani
- Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Matin Ghanavati
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Pálsson TG, Gilliam-Vigh H, Jensen BAH, Jeppesen PB, Lund AB, Knop FK, Nielsen CK. Targeting the GLP-2 receptor in the management of obesity. Peptides 2024; 177:171210. [PMID: 38579917 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in understanding glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) biology and pharmacology have sparked interest in targeting the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) in the treatment of obesity. GLP-2 is a proglucagon-derived 33-amino acid peptide co-secreted from enteroendocrine L cells along with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and has a range of actions via the GLP-2R, which is particularly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, the liver, adipose tissue, and the central nervous system (CNS). In humans, GLP-2 evidently induces intestinotrophic effects (i.e., induction of intestinal mucosal proliferation and improved gut barrier function) and promotes mesenteric blood flow. However, GLP-2 does not seem to have appetite or food intake-reducing effects in humans, but its gut barrier-promoting effect may be of interest in the context of obesity. Obesity is associated with reduced gut barrier function, increasing the translocation of proinflammatory gut content to the circulation. This phenomenon constitutes a strong driver of obesity-associated systemic low-grade inflammation, which in turn plays a major role in the development of most obesity-associated complications. Thus, the intestinotrophic and gut barrier-improving effect of GLP-2, which in obese rodent models shows strong anti-inflammatory potential, may, in combination with food intake-reducing strategies, e.g., GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1) agonism, be able to rectify core pathophysiological mechanism of obesity. Here, we provide an overview of GLP-2 physiology in the context of obesity pathophysiology and review the pharmacological potential of GLP-2R activation in the management of obesity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorir G Pálsson
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Hannah Gilliam-Vigh
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Benjamin A H Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Palle B Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Intestinal Failure and Liver Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asger B Lund
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Casper K Nielsen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark.
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Herhaus B, Kruse J, Hinz A, Brähler E, Petrowski K. Depression, anxiety, and health-related quality of life in normal weight, overweight and obese individuals with diabetes: a representative study in Germany. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:725-734. [PMID: 38430257 PMCID: PMC11101582 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes in the course of lifetime is related to a higher risk for mental disorders. The present study addresses the comparison of individuals with diabetes and non-diabetic individuals in depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety symptoms, and health-related quality of life. Furthermore, mediator effect of BMI and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) on the association between diabetes, depression, and generalized anxiety was analyzed. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the three questionnaires PHQ-9, GAD-7, EQ-5D-5L were measured in a representative sample of the German population (N = 2386). In addition, the presence of diabetes and BMI were assessed via self-report. RESULTS There were higher values in depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as lower score in HRQOL in individuals with diabetes compared to non-diabetic individuals. Obese individuals with diabetes showed the highest rates in depressive symptoms and generalized anxiety as well as lowest score in HRQOL. With regard to the mediator analyses, association between diabetes, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms is partially mediated by the BMI and fully mediated by the HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, individuals with diabetes have an increased risk in the development of depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as lower health-related quality of life. Future research and strategies in the public health policies among individuals with diabetes should take into account that the association between diabetes, depression, and anxiety is mediated by BMI and HRQOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Herhaus
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Johannes Kruse
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioral Medicine Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Petrowski
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Thompson AS, Jennings A, Bondonno NP, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Parmenter BH, Hill C, Perez-Cornago A, Kühn T, Cassidy A. Higher habitual intakes of flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods are associated with a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes in the UK Biobank cohort. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:32. [PMID: 38778045 PMCID: PMC11111454 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the associations of a diet high in flavonoid-rich foods, as reflected by a "Flavodiet Score" (FDS), the major individual food contributors to flavonoid intake, and flavonoid subclasses with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in the UK Biobank cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS Flavonoid intakes were estimated from ≥2 dietary assessments among 113,097 study participants [age at enrolment: 56 ± 8 years; 57% female] using the U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) databases. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate associations between dietary exposures and T2D. RESULTS During 12 years of follow-up, 2628 incident cases of T2D were identified. A higher FDS (compared to lower [Q4 vs. Q1]), characterised by an average of 6 servings of flavonoid-rich foods per day, was associated with a 26% lower T2D risk [HR: 0.74 (95% CI: 0.66-0.84), ptrend = <0.001]. Mediation analyses showed that lower body fatness and basal inflammation, as well as better kidney and liver function partially explain this association. In food-based analyses, higher intakes of black or green tea, berries, and apples were significantly associated with 21%, 15%, and 12% lower T2D risk. Among individual flavonoid subclasses, 19-28% lower risks of T2D were observed among those with the highest, compared to lowest intakes. CONCLUSIONS A higher consumption of flavonoid-rich foods was associated with lower T2D risk, potentially mediated by benefits to obesity/sugar metabolism, inflammation, kidney and liver function. Achievable increases in intakes of specific flavonoid-rich foods have the potential to reduce T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha S Thompson
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Amy Jennings
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nicola P Bondonno
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Danish Cancer Society Research Centre (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, INSA, University of Barcelona, 08921, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamin H Parmenter
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Claire Hill
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tilman Kühn
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Public Health, Vienna, Austria.
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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6
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Cosmin Stan M, Paul D. Diabetes and Cancer: A Twisted Bond. Oncol Rev 2024; 18:1354549. [PMID: 38835644 PMCID: PMC11148650 DOI: 10.3389/or.2024.1354549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the interconnection between various factors related to both cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, and obesity are involved in the development and progression of both diseases but, strong evidence for a direct causal relationship between diabetes and cancer, is lacking. Several studies described a relationship between hyperglycemia and cancer at the cellular, tissular and organismic levels but at the same time recent Mendelian randomization studies proved a significant causal relationship only between hyperglycemia and breast cancer. On the other hand, the association between both hyperinsulinemia and obesity and several cancer types appears to be robust as demonstrated by Mendelian randomized studies. Metabolic alterations, including the Warburg effect and excessive glucose consumption by tumors, are discussed, highlighting the potential impact of dietary restrictions, such as fasting and low-carb diets, on tumor growth and inflammation. Recent data indicates that circulating branched-chain amino acids levels, may represent novel biomarkers that may contribute to both better diabetes control and early pancreatic cancer detection. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and shared risk factors between cancer and T2DM can provide valuable insights for cancer prevention, early detection, and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Cosmin Stan
- Emergency County Hospital Rm. Vâlcea, Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
- Medical Oncology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Doru Paul
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Yuan S, Leffler D, Lebwohl B, Green PHR, Sun J, Carlsson S, Larsson SC, Ludvigsson JF. Coeliac disease and type 2 diabetes risk: a nationwide matched cohort and Mendelian randomisation study. Diabetologia 2024:10.1007/s00125-024-06175-8. [PMID: 38772918 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS While the association between coeliac disease and type 1 diabetes is well documented, the association of coeliac disease with type 2 diabetes risk remains undetermined. We conducted a nationwide cohort and Mendelian randomisation analysis to investigate this link. METHODS This nationwide matched cohort used data from the Swedish ESPRESSO cohort including 46,150 individuals with coeliac disease and 219,763 matched individuals in the comparator group selected from the general population, followed up from 1969 to 2021. Data from 9053 individuals with coeliac disease who underwent a second biopsy were used to examine the association between persistent villous atrophy and type 2 diabetes. Multivariable Cox regression was employed to estimate the associations. In Mendelian randomisation analysis, 37 independent genetic variants associated with clinically diagnosed coeliac disease at p<5×10-8 were used to proxy genetic liability to coeliac disease. Summary-level data for type 2 diabetes were obtained from the DIAGRAM consortium (80,154 cases) and the FinnGen study (42,593 cases). RESULTS Over a median 15.7 years' follow-up, there were 6132 (13.3%) and 30,138 (13.7%) incident cases of type 2 diabetes in people with coeliac disease and comparator individuals, respectively. Those with coeliac disease were not at increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes with an HR of 1.00 (95% CI 0.97, 1.03) compared with comparator individuals. Persistent villous atrophy was not associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared with mucosal healing among participants with coeliac disease (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90, 1.16). Genetic liability to coeliac disease was not associated with type 2 diabetes in DIAGRAM (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99, 1.03) or in FinnGen (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99-1.04). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Coeliac disease was not associated with type 2 diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Dan Leffler
- The Celiac Center at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Lebwohl
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter H R Green
- Departments of Medicine and Surgical Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiangwei Sun
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Carlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden
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Liang Y, Jiang Z, Fu Y, Lu S, Miao Z, Shuai M, Liang X, Gou W, Zhang K, Shi RQ, Gao C, Shi MQ, Wang XH, Hu WS, Zheng JS. Cross-Sectional and Prospective Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Gut Mycobiota during Pregnancy among Women with Gestational Diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024:e2400022. [PMID: 38763911 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Little is known about the effect of blood vitamin D status on the gut mycobiota (i.e., fungi), a crucial component of the gut microbial ecosystem. The study aims to explore the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and gut mycobiota and to investigate the link between the identified mycobial features and blood glycemic traits. METHODS AND RESULTS The study examines the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and the gut mycobiota in the Westlake Precision Birth Cohort, which includes pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The study develops a genetic risk score (GRS) for 25(OH)D to validate the observational results. In both the prospective and cross-sectional analyses, the vitamin D is associated with gut mycobiota diversity. Specifically, the abundance of Saccharomyces is significantly lower in the vitamin D-sufficient group than in the vitamin D-deficient group. The GRS of 25(OH)D is inversely associated with the abundance of Saccharomyces. Moreover, the Saccharomyces is positively associated with blood glucose levels. CONCLUSION Blood vitamin D status is associated with the diversity and composition of gut mycobiota in women with GDM, which may provide new insights into the mechanistic understanding of the relationship between vitamin D levels and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Zengliang Jiang
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yuanqing Fu
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Sha Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hangzhou Women's Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Zelei Miao
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Menglei Shuai
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Xinxiu Liang
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Wanglong Gou
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Rui-Qi Shi
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Mei-Qi Shi
- Department of Nutrition, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xu-Hong Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hangzhou Women's Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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9
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Scrobota I, Tig IA, Marcu AO, Potra Cicalau GI, Sachelarie L, Iova G. Evaluation of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Diabetic Wistar Rats with Periodontal Disease. J Pers Med 2024; 14:527. [PMID: 38793109 PMCID: PMC11121950 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of periodontal disease and diabetes is a subject of intense research in terms of etiopathology and treatment options. This research aimed to evaluate the modulation of the local inflammatory status by two natural extracts, curcumin (Cu) and rutin (R), in an experimentally induced diabetes and periodontal disease in Wistar rats. METHODS Fifty Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Control (C), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease (DP), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with Curcumin (DPCu), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with Rutin (DPR), and Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with both Curcumin and Rutin (DPCuR). Gingival samples were collected from all rats, and immunohistochemical markers CD3, CD20, and CD34 were evaluated to assess the local inflammatory infiltrate. Descriptive statistics were applied (SPSS24 Software, Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS Rutin, alone or combined with Curcumin, reduced CD3-positive cell levels. Curcumin demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing CD20-positive cells. The combination of Curcumin and Rutin had the most important impact on both markers. Curcumin notably increased immature CD34-positive cell levels. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin and Rutin, either alone or together, hold potential for reducing local inflammation in diabetes-induced periodontal disease in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Scrobota
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (I.S.); (I.A.T.); (G.I.P.C.); (G.I.)
| | - Ioan Andrei Tig
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (I.S.); (I.A.T.); (G.I.P.C.); (G.I.)
| | - Andrea Olivia Marcu
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Georgiana Ioana Potra Cicalau
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (I.S.); (I.A.T.); (G.I.P.C.); (G.I.)
| | - Liliana Sachelarie
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Apollonia University, 700511 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gilda Iova
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (I.S.); (I.A.T.); (G.I.P.C.); (G.I.)
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10
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Mohammadyari P, Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Fortini F, Minghini G, Rizzo P, Cimaglia P, Mikus E, Tremoli E, Campo G, Calore E, Schifano SF, Zambelli C. Deep-learning survival analysis for patients with calcific aortic valve disease undergoing valve replacement. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10902. [PMID: 38740898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcification of the aortic valve (CAVDS) is a major cause of aortic stenosis (AS) leading to loss of valve function which requires the substitution by surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) or transcatheter aortic valve intervention (TAVI). These procedures are associated with high post-intervention mortality, then the corresponding risk assessment is relevant from a clinical standpoint. This study compares the traditional Cox Proportional Hazard (CPH) against Machine Learning (ML) based methods, such as Deep Learning Survival (DeepSurv) and Random Survival Forest (RSF), to identify variables able to estimate the risk of death one year after the intervention, in patients undergoing either to SAVR or TAVI. We found that with all three approaches the combination of six variables, named albumin, age, BMI, glucose, hypertension, and clonal hemopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), allows for predicting mortality with a c-index of approximately 80 % . Importantly, we found that the ML models have a better prediction capability, making them as effective for statistical analysis in medicine as most state-of-the-art approaches, with the additional advantage that they may expose non-linear relationships. This study aims to improve the early identification of patients at higher risk of death, who could then benefit from a more appropriate therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giada Minghini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Paolo Cimaglia
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Elisa Mikus
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Calore
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Fabio Schifano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ferrara, Italy.
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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11
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Hillary RF, Ng HK, McCartney DL, Elliott HR, Walker RM, Campbell A, Huang F, Direk K, Welsh P, Sattar N, Corley J, Hayward C, McIntosh AM, Sudlow C, Evans KL, Cox SR, Chambers JC, Loh M, Relton CL, Marioni RE, Yousefi PD, Suderman M. Blood-based epigenome-wide analyses of chronic low-grade inflammation across diverse population cohorts. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100544. [PMID: 38692281 PMCID: PMC11099341 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of age-related disease states. The effectiveness of inflammatory proteins including C-reactive protein (CRP) in assessing long-term inflammation is hindered by their phasic nature. DNA methylation (DNAm) signatures of CRP may act as more reliable markers of chronic inflammation. We show that inter-individual differences in DNAm capture 50% of the variance in circulating CRP (N = 17,936, Generation Scotland). We develop a series of DNAm predictors of CRP using state-of-the-art algorithms. An elastic-net-regression-based predictor outperformed competing methods and explained 18% of phenotypic variance in the Lothian Birth Cohort of 1936 (LBC1936) cohort, doubling that of existing DNAm predictors. DNAm predictors performed comparably in four additional test cohorts (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Health for Life in Singapore, Southall and Brent Revisited, and LBC1921), including for individuals of diverse genetic ancestry and different age groups. The best-performing predictor surpassed assay-measured CRP and a genetic score in its associations with 26 health outcomes. Our findings forge new avenues for assessing chronic low-grade inflammation in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Hillary
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Hong Kiat Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Hannah R Elliott
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Rosie M Walker
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Felicia Huang
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Kenan Direk
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Paul Welsh
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; British Heart Foundation Data Science Centre, Health Data Research UK, London NW1 2BE, UK; Health Data Research UK, London NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Marie Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK; National Skin Centre, Singapore 308205, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Paul D Yousefi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK.
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK.
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12
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Conroy LJ, McCann A, Zhang N, de Gaetano M. The role of nanosystems in the delivery of glucose-lowering drugs for the preemption and treatment of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1398-C1409. [PMID: 38525540 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00695.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. In recent decades, type-2 diabetes has become increasingly common, particularly in younger individuals. Diabetes leads to many vascular complications, including atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease characterized by lipid-rich plaques within the vasculature. Plaques develop over time, restricting blood flow, and can, therefore, be the underlying cause of major adverse cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke. Diabetes and atherosclerosis are intrinsically linked. Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome that accelerates atherosclerosis and increases the risk of developing other comorbidities, such as diabetes-associated atherosclerosis (DAA). Gold standard antidiabetic medications focus on attenuating hyperglycemia. Though recent evidence suggests that glucose-lowering drugs may have broader applications, beyond diabetes management. This review mainly evaluates the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), such as liraglutide and semaglutide in DAA. These drugs mimic gut hormones (incretins), which inhibit glucagon secretion while stimulating insulin secretion, thus improving insulin sensitivity. This facilitates delayed gastric emptying and increased patient satiety; hence, they are also indicated for the treatment of obesity. GLP-1 RAs have significant cardioprotective effects, including decreasing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Liraglutide and semaglutide have specifically been shown to decrease cardiovascular risk. Liraglutide has displayed a myriad of antiatherosclerotic properties, with the potential to induce plaque regression. This review aims to address how glucose-lowering medications can be applied to treat diseases other than diabetes. We specifically focus on how nanomedicines can be used for the site-specific delivery of antidiabetic medicines for the treatment of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke James Conroy
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute & School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alyssa McCann
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Monica de Gaetano
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute & School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Cho EB, Han K, Jung JH, Chung YH, Kwon S, Park J, Jin SM, Shin DW, Min JH. The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A nationwide cohort study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 85:105519. [PMID: 38457883 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES An association has been suggested between premorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little is known about the risk of developing T2DM in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). This study aimed to determine the T2DM risk in patients with MS and NMSOD. METHODS The Korean National Health Insurance Service database was analyzed, and 1,801 and 1,721 adults with MS and NMOSD, respectively, who were free of T2DM between January 2010 and December 2017, were included. Matched controls were selected based on age, sex, and the presence of hypertension and dyslipidemia. RESULTS The risk of developing T2DM was 1.54 times higher in NMOSD than in the controls (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.20-1.96). However, increased T2DM risk was not observed in MS (aHR = 1.13, 95 % CI = 0.91-1.42). The T2DM risk in patients with NMOSD was higher in those who received steroid treatment (aHR = 1.77, 95 % CI = 1.36-2.30) but not in those who did not (aHR = 0.59, 95 % CI = 0.24-1.43, p for interaction = 0.02). DISCUSSION T2DM risk was increased in NMOSD but not in MS. Administering steroid treatment to patients with NMOSD may increase their T2DM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bin Cho
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea; Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Jung
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yeon Hak Chung
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soonwook Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Junhee Park
- Department of Family Medicine & Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Sang-Man Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine & Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ju-Hong Min
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
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14
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Woo J, Lehrer HM, Tabibi D, Cebulske L, Tanaka H, Steinhardt M. The Association of Multidimensional Sleep Health With HbA1c and Depressive Symptoms in African American Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:307-314. [PMID: 38724038 PMCID: PMC11090412 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep is important for diabetes-related health outcomes. Using a multidimensional sleep health framework, we examined the association of individual sleep health dimensions and a composite sleep health score with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and depressive symptoms among African American adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Participants (N = 257; mean age = 62.5 years) were recruited through local churches. Wrist-worn actigraphy and sleep questionnaire data assessed multidimensional sleep health using the RuSATED framework (regularity, satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, duration). Individual sleep dimensions were dichotomized into poor or good sleep health and summed into a composite score. HbA1c was assessed using the DCA Vantage™ Analyzer or A1CNow® Self Check. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Regression models examined the association of individual sleep dimensions and composite sleep health with HbA1c and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Higher composite sleep health scores were associated with a lower likelihood of having greater than minimal depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.578, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.461-0.725). Several individual sleep dimensions, including irregularity (OR = 1.013, CI = 1.005-1.021), poor satisfaction (OR = 3.130, CI = 2.095-4.678), and lower alertness (OR = 1.866, CI = 1.230-2.833) were associated with a greater likelihood of having depressive symptoms. Neither composite sleep health scores nor individual sleep dimensions were associated with HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS Better multidimensional sleep health is associated with lower depressive symptoms among African American adults with type 2 diabetes. Longitudinal research is needed to determine the causal association between multidimensional sleep health and depressive symptoms in this population. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04282395.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihun Woo
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | | | - Doonya Tabibi
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Lauren Cebulske
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Mary Steinhardt
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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15
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Mingrone G, Rajagopalan H. Bariatrics and endoscopic therapies for the treatment of metabolic disease: Past, present, and future. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 211:111651. [PMID: 38580037 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The burden of chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and the urgency of the epidemiological situation necessitate the development of therapies that enhance metabolic health and alter the trajectory of metabolic disease in society. Certain bariatric-metabolic surgeries have proven to be effective approaches for treating metabolic dysfunction, showing remission or significant improvements in obesity, T2DM, and MASLD-related outcomes, suggesting that these interventions might be able to "reset" a pathologically calibrated metabolic setpoint. However, considering the challenges and invasiveness of surgery, endoscopic bariatric metabolic therapies (EBMTs) have emerged with a primary focus to reconstruct or mimic anatomical and/or functional changes observed with bariatric surgery in a more broadly accessible manner. These innovative approaches offer a potentially promising solution to address significant unmet medical need in the large segment of society, which remains at risk for the consequences of metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss therapeutic options within the EBMT space in the context of the metabolic setpoint intellectual model and provide a brief overview of current knowledge surrounding their mechanisms of action and impact on metabolic health. Finally, we explore future perspectives and directions in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geltrude Mingrone
- Division of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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16
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Widowati W, Darsono L, Utomo HS, Sabrina AHN, Natariza MR, Valentinus Tarigan AC, Waluyo NW, Gleyriena AM, Siahaan BH, Oktaviani R. Antidiabetic and hepatoprotection effect of butterfly pea flower ( Clitoria ternatea L.) through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lower LDH, ACP, AST, and ALT on diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia rat. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29812. [PMID: 38681657 PMCID: PMC11053275 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the antidiabetic and hepatoprotective potential of Butterfly pea flower extract (Clitoria ternatea L.) (CTE) in diabetic and dyslipidemia rat models. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by high levels of blood glucose, which can cause dyslipidemia and liver damage as a result of oxidative stress. CTE, a natural substance, is recognized for its positive attributes, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-dyslipidemia, antibiotic, and liver tissue protection capabilities. Dyslipidemia was induced in rats using a high-fat diet (HFD) and propylthiouracil (PTU) for 28 days. DM was induced using streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA). Rats were treated with varying doses of CTE for 28 days, along with glibenclamide and simvastatin. The research showed that CTE raised the levels of SOD, CAT, and liver proteins while lowering the levels of MDA, LDH, ACP, AST, ALT, IL-1β, and CRP in rats with DM and dyslipidemia. This suggests that CTE might be useful for treating DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Widowati
- Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, 40164, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Lusiana Darsono
- Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, 40164, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Herry S. Utomo
- Louisiana State University (LSU) AgCenter, H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station Rayne, LA, USA
| | | | - Maria Rizka Natariza
- Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, 40164, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Novaldo Wahid Waluyo
- Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, 40164, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Berlian Haifa Siahaan
- Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, 40164, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Reza Oktaviani
- Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, 40164, West Java, Indonesia
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17
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Majidi A, Hughes MCB, Webb IK, Miura K, van der Pols JC. Inflammatory potential of diet and mortality in Australian adults. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e129. [PMID: 38680071 PMCID: PMC11112428 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation is implicated in chronic diseases including cancer and CVD, which are major causes of mortality. Diet can influence inflammation status. We therefore examined whether the inflammatory potential of a person's diet is associated with mortality. DESIGN The inflammatory potential of the usual diet was assessed by calculating Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores from repeated FFQ data (collected in 1992, 1994 and 1996), placing each participant's diet on a continuum from anti- to pro-inflammatory. DII scores were analysed as a continuous variable and as categories by creating quartile groups. Death registry data were used to ascertain all-cause mortality and separately mortality from CVD, cancers and other causes between 1992 and 2022. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % CI, comparing higher and lowest quartile groups, or HR change per one DII unit increase. SETTING Nambour, Australia. PARTICIPANTS A community-based sample of 1440 adults aged 25-75 years. RESULTS During follow-up, 488 participants died, including 188 from CVD, 151 from cancer and 170 from other causes. Participants in the most pro-inflammatory diet group were at increased risk of all-cause mortality (HRQ4 v. Q1 = 1·55; 95 % CI 1·19, 2·03; P < 0·001) and other-cause mortality (HRQ4 v. Q1 = 1·69; 95 % CI 1·12, 2·54; P 0·01). A one-unit increase in DII score was associated with a 36 % increased risk of CVD among those younger than 55 years of age (HR for a one-unit increase in DII score 1·36, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·78). The risk of cancer mortality was also increased for those with a more pro-inflammatory diet in age ≤ 55 years (HR for a one-unit increase in DII score 1·20, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·40) and age 56-65 years (HR for a one-unit increase in DII score 1·11, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·23). CONCLUSIONS A pro-inflammatory diet increases the risk of all-cause mortality. Our results support the promotion of anti-inflammatory diets to help promote longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Majidi
- Gynaecological Cancers Group, Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Cancer and Population Studies Group, Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maria Celia B Hughes
- Cancer and Population Studies Group, Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Imogen K Webb
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, BrisbaneQLD 4059, Australia
| | - Kyoko Miura
- Cancer and Population Studies Group, Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jolieke C van der Pols
- Cancer and Population Studies Group, Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, BrisbaneQLD 4059, Australia
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Mishra BH, Raitoharju E, Mononen N, Saarinen A, Viikari J, Juonala M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Lehtimäki T, Mishra PP. Identification of gene networks jointly associated with depressive symptoms and cardiovascular health metrics using whole blood transcriptome in the Young Finns Study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1345159. [PMID: 38726387 PMCID: PMC11079127 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1345159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that cardiovascular health (CVH) is related to depression. We aimed to identify gene networks jointly associated with depressive symptoms and cardiovascular health metrics using the whole blood transcriptome. Materials and methods We analyzed human blood transcriptomic data to identify gene co-expression networks, termed gene modules, shared by Beck's depression inventory (BDI-II) scores and cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics as markers of depression and cardiovascular health, respectively. The BDI-II scores were derived from Beck's Depression Inventory, a 21-item self-report inventory that measures the characteristics and symptoms of depression. CVH metrics were defined according to the American Heart Association criteria using seven indices: smoking, diet, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose. Joint association of the modules, identified with weighted co-expression analysis, as well as the member genes of the modules with the markers of depression and CVH were tested with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results We identified a gene module with 256 genes that were significantly correlated with both the BDI-II score and CVH metrics. Based on the MANOVA test results adjusted for age and sex, the module was associated with both depression and CVH markers. The three most significant member genes in the module were YOD1, RBX1, and LEPR. Genes in the module were enriched with biological pathways involved in brain diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's. Conclusions The identified gene module and its members can provide new joint biomarkers for depression and CVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binisha H. Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki. Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pashupati P. Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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Hernández-Guadarrama A, Díaz-Román MA, Linzaga-Elizalde I, Domínguez-Mendoza BE, Aguilar-Guadarrama AB. In Silico Analysis: Anti-Inflammatory and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of New α-Methylene-γ-Lactams. Molecules 2024; 29:1973. [PMID: 38731463 PMCID: PMC11085531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The research about α-methylene-γ-lactams is scarce; however, their synthesis has emerged in recent years mainly because they are isosters of α-methylene-γ-lactones. This last kind of compound is structurally most common in some natural products' nuclei, like sesquiterpene lactones that show biological activity such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, etc., effects. In this work, seven α-methylene-γ-lactams were evaluated by their inflammation and α-glucosidase inhibition. Thus, compounds 3-methylene-4-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one (1), 3-methylene-4-(p-tolyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (2), 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylenepyrrolidin-2-one (3), 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-methylenepyrrolidin-2-one (4), 5-ethyl-3-methylene-4-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one (5), 5-ethyl-3-methylene-4-(p-tolyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (6) and 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-3-methylenepyrrolidin-2-one (7) were evaluated via in vitro α-glucosidase assay at 1 mM concentration. From this analysis, 7 exerts the best inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase compared with the vehicle, but it shows a low potency compared with the reference drug at the same dose. On the other side, inflammation edema was induced using TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate) on mouse ears; compounds 1-7 were tested at 10 µg/ear dose. As a result, 1, 3, and 5 show a better inhibition than indomethacin, at the same doses. This is a preliminary report about the biological activity of these new α-methylene-γ-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - A. Berenice Aguilar-Guadarrama
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (A.H.-G.); (M.A.D.-R.); (I.L.-E.); (B.E.D.-M.)
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Kim Y, Campbell JP, Johannsen NM, Church TS, Cho E, Heaney J, Spielmann G. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise for 9 months on serum free light chains in type 2 diabetes. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1328470. [PMID: 38725572 PMCID: PMC11079445 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1328470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Serum polyclonal free light chains (FLCs) levels are associated with overall survival in the general population, reflecting their utility as a biomarker of underlying immune activation and inflammation. Regular exercise is known to ameliorate low-grade inflammation in chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes; however, the effects of different exercise training modalities on FLCs in adults with type 2 diabetes is unknown. This study investigated the effects of 9-month of aerobic, resistance or combined supervised exercise on serum FLCs in 164 patients with type 2 diabetes (age 58 ± 8 years; 63% female). Methods: 164 participants from the Health Benefits of Aerobic and Resistance Training in individuals with type 2 diabetes trial (HART-D) were randomly assigned to no exercise (n = 27), aerobic exercise alone (n = 41), resistance exercise alone (n = 49), or a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise (n = 47). Fasting serum samples were collected before and after completion of the intervention to quantify changes in kappa and lambda FLCs, and serum creatinine, using commercially-available ELISAs. Results: At baseline, combined kappa and lambda FLCs (FLC sum; calculated as kappa + lambda FLCs) were positively correlated with high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r = 0.237, p < 0.05) and fat mass (r = 0.162, p < 0.05), and negatively associated with aerobic fitness (r = -0.238, p < 0.05). While non-exercise controls exhibited an increase in FLCs over the 9-month study, exercise training blunted this increase (Δ FLC sum control arm: 3.25 ± 5.07 mg∙L-1 vs. all exercise arms: -0.252 ± 6.60 mg∙L-1, p < 0.05), regardless of exercise modality. Conclusion: Serum FLCs were associated with physical fitness and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes. 9-month of exercise training prevented the accumulation of FLCs, regardless of exercise modality. Unlike hs-CRP-which did not change during the trial-serum FLCs may serve as a more sensitive biomarker of chronic low-grade inflammation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyoung Kim
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - John P. Campbell
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Neil M. Johannsen
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Timothy S. Church
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Eunhan Cho
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jennifer Heaney
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Spielmann
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Lee J, Li Y, Cheng JT, Liu IM, Cheng KC. Development of Syringaldehyde as an Agonist of the GLP-1 Receptor to Alleviate Diabetic Disorders in Animal Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:538. [PMID: 38675498 PMCID: PMC11054907 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The phenolic aldehyde syringaldehyde (SA) has been shown to have an antihyperglycemic effect in diabetic rats due to increased glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity. To understand the direct effect of SA on the GLP-1 receptor, STZ-induced diabetic rats were used. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, liver enzymes, and renal function were measured using specific ELISA kits. The mechanisms of SA effects were investigated using CHO-K1 cells, pancreatic Min-6 cells, and cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells. The results indicated that the antihyperglycemic effect of SA in diabetic rats was abolished by blocking the GLP-1 receptor with an antagonist. SA has a direct effect on the GLP-1 receptor when using CHO-K1 cells transfected with the exogenous GLP-1 receptor gene. In addition, SA stimulated insulin production in Min-6 cells by activating GLP-1 receptors. SA caused a dose-dependent rise in GLP-1 receptor mRNA levels in cardiac H9c2 cells. These in vitro results support the notion that SA has a direct effect on the GLP-1 receptor. Otherwise, SA inhibited the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins and tumor TNF-α, in type 1 diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, as with liraglutide, SA reduced plasma lipid profiles, including total cholesterol and triglyceride, in mixed diet-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Intriguingly, chronic treatment with SA (as with liraglutide) reversed the functions of both the liver and the kidney in these diabetic rats. SA displayed less efficiency in reducing body weight and food consumption compared to liraglutide. In conclusion, SA effectively activates GLP-1 receptors, resulting in a reduction in diabetic-related complications in rats. Therefore, it is beneficial to develop SA as a chemical agonist for clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenpei Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Da Chien General Hospital, Miaoli City 36052, Taiwan;
| | - Yingxiao Li
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City 970302, Taiwan;
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City 71101, Taiwan
| | - I-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan;
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan;
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Neppala S, Rajan J, Yang E, DeFronzo RA. Unexplained Residual Risk In Type 2 Diabetes: How Big Is The Problem? Curr Cardiol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11886-024-02055-0. [PMID: 38634964 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW What is new? Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2D) individuals. Of the major risk factors for CVD, less than 10% of T2D people meet the American Diabetes Association/American Heart Association recommended goals of therapy. The present review examines how much of the absolute cardiovascular (CV) risk in type 2 diabetes patients can be explained by major CV intervention trials. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple long-term cardiovascular (CV) intervention trials have examined the effect of specific target-directed therapies on the MACE endpoint. Only one prospective study, STENO-2, has employed a multifactorial intervention comparing intensified versus conventional treatment of modifiable risk factors in T2D patients, and demonstrated a 20% absolute CV risk reduction. If the absolute CV risk reduction in these trials is added to that in the only prospective multifactorial intervention trial (STENO-2), the unexplained CV risk is 44.1%. What are the clinical implications? Potential explanations for the unaccounted-for reduction in absolute CV risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients are discussed. HYPOTHESIS failure to take into account synergistic interactions between major cardiovascular risk factors is responsible for the unexplained CV risk in T2D patients. Simultaneous treatment of all major CV risk factors to recommended AHA/ADA guideline goals is required to achieve the maximum reduction in CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaram Neppala
- Divisions of Diabetes, UT Health San Antonio, Texas, TX, 75229, USA
- Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas, 78207, USA
| | - Jemema Rajan
- Divisions of Diabetes, UT Health San Antonio, Texas, TX, 75229, USA
- Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas, 78207, USA
| | - Eric Yang
- Divisions of Cardiology, UT Health San Antonio, Texas, TX, USA
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Divisions of Diabetes, UT Health San Antonio, Texas, TX, 75229, USA.
- Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas, 78207, USA.
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23
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Abdelrahman Z, Maxwell AP, McKnight AJ. Genetic and Epigenetic Associations with Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:503. [PMID: 38674437 PMCID: PMC11050138 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common complication of solid organ transplantation. PTDM prevalence varies due to different diabetes definitions. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis of PTDM have been published based on random blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The task of diagnosing PTDM continues to pose challenges, given the potential for diabetes to manifest at different time points after transplantation, thus demanding constant clinical vigilance and repeated testing. Interpreting HbA1c levels can be challenging after renal transplantation. Pre-transplant risk factors for PTDM include obesity, sedentary lifestyle, family history of diabetes, ethnicity (e.g., African-Caribbean or South Asian ancestry), and genetic risk factors. Risk factors for PTDM include immunosuppressive drugs, weight gain, hepatitis C, and cytomegalovirus infection. There is also emerging evidence that genetic and epigenetic variation in the organ transplant recipient may influence the risk of developing PTDM. This review outlines many known risk factors for PTDM and details some of the pathways, genetic variants, and epigenetic features associated with PTDM. Improved understanding of established and emerging risk factors may help identify people at risk of developing PTDM and may reduce the risk of developing PTDM or improve the management of this complication of organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Abdelrahman
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK; (Z.A.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Alexander Peter Maxwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK; (Z.A.); (A.P.M.)
- Regional Nephrology Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK; (Z.A.); (A.P.M.)
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24
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Yamaguchi M, Fukuyama R, Fujita M. Effect of nattokinase on the pathological conditions in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28835. [PMID: 38586318 PMCID: PMC10998082 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nattokinase (NK), also known as subtilisin NAT (EC 3.4.21.62), is a serine protease produced by Bacillus subtilis natto that has anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic properties. To study whether NK prevents the progression of pathological changes in diabetes as an inflammatory disease, we examined the effect of NK on pathological conditions in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats using the following parameters: fasting blood glucose (glucose), total plasma protein (TP), creatinine, histopathology of renal corpuscles and tubules, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and C-reactive protein (CRP). STZ-administered rats were maintained on a basic diet (CE-2) as control, low-NK diet (containing 0.2 mg NK/g diet), and high-NK diet (0.6 mg NK/g diet) for 14 days. High-dose NK significantly inhibited both glycogen deposition in the renal tubules and increase in the circulating AGE levels without downregulating glucose levels. Compared with the control group, the group treated with the high-NK diet presented a significant inhibition of the increase in the circulating CRP level on day 7 after the beginning of the treatment. However, the CRP level in the NK-H group reached the same level as that in the control group on Day 14. AGEs are known to induce CRP expression in hepatocytes, but the increase in CRP levels in our animal model was independent on the circulating AGE levels. In contrast, low-dose NK did not suppress changes in these parameters. Our present study suggests that NK suppresses glycogen deposition in renal tubules in a dose-dependent manner by the downregulation of AGE formation under hyperglycaemia in the rats with STZ-induced short-term diabetes. However, it is unclear whether this downregulation is caused by intact NK or peptides derived from NK during its digestion in the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0112, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0112, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Fujita
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0112, Japan
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Hosseininasab D, Shiraseb F, Bahrampour N, da Silva A, Hajinasab MM, Bressan J, Mirzaei K. Ultra-processed food consumption and quality of life: a cross-sectional study in Iranian women. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1351510. [PMID: 38665244 PMCID: PMC11043594 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1351510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have been associated with a higher intake of added sugars, sodium, and unhealthy fats; however, the relationship between UPFs and quality of life (QoL) is not well understood. Methods The present cross-sectional study included 193 Iranian women aged 18-48 years with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2. UPFs were identified using the NOVA classification. QoL was evaluated using the SF-36 questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed using an appropriate method. Results The mean BMI and fat-free mass (FFM) of the subjects were 30.90 kg/m2 and 46.69 kg, respectively. At first, a significant difference was observed in the height of women across tertiles of UPF consumption. The mean score of the total QoL scale was 66.90. Women who were in the tertile 3 of UPFs intake had 23.59 units lower the scale of limitation in physical capabilities and activity (score of role-physical) (β = -23.59, 95% CI: -37.77-9.40, p = 0.001). Among those with the highest adherence to UPF intake, there was an 8.76 unit reduction in addressing feelings of energy and fatigue (vitality domain) in model 2 (β = -8.76, 95% CI: -16.42-1.11, p = 0.02). Finally, a reduction of 15.78 units was observed in the mental health scale, specifically in the mental states of anxiety and depression, among participants in the third tertile of UPF intake (β = -15.78, 95% CI: -24.11-7.45, p < 0.001). Conclusion Increased UPF consumption was associated with lower QoL in Iranian women. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and develop effective strategies to promote healthy food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Hosseininasab
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niki Bahrampour
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alessandra da Silva
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Hajinasab
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Cotas J, Lomartire S, Pereira L, Valado A, Marques JC, Gonçalves AMM. Seaweeds as Nutraceutical Elements and Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus: Future Perspectives. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:168. [PMID: 38667785 PMCID: PMC11051413 DOI: 10.3390/md22040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition marked by high blood glucose levels caused by inadequate insulin synthesis or poor insulin use. This condition affects millions of individuals worldwide and is linked to a variety of consequences, including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Diabetes therapy now focuses on controlling blood glucose levels through lifestyle changes, oral medicines, and insulin injections. However, these therapies have limits and may not successfully prevent or treat diabetic problems. Several marine-derived chemicals have previously demonstrated promising findings as possible antidiabetic medicines in preclinical investigations. Peptides, polyphenols, and polysaccharides extracted from seaweeds, sponges, and other marine species are among them. As a result, marine natural products have the potential to be a rich source of innovative multitargeted medications for diabetes prevention and treatment, as well as associated complications. Future research should focus on the chemical variety of marine creatures as well as the mechanisms of action of marine-derived chemicals in order to find new antidiabetic medicines and maximize their therapeutic potential. Based on preclinical investigations, this review focuses on the next step for seaweed applications as potential multitargeted medicines for diabetes, highlighting the bioactivities of seaweeds in the prevention and treatment of this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cotas
- Marine Resources, Conservation and Technology, Marine Algae Lab, CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology: Science for People & Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (S.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Silvia Lomartire
- Marine Resources, Conservation and Technology, Marine Algae Lab, CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology: Science for People & Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (S.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Leonel Pereira
- Marine Resources, Conservation and Technology, Marine Algae Lab, CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology: Science for People & Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (S.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Ana Valado
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro—SM Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society—CERNAS, Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Marques
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- Marine Resources, Conservation and Technology, Marine Algae Lab, CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology: Science for People & Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (S.L.); (L.P.)
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Nam U, Kim J, Yi HG, Jeon JS. Investigation of the Dysfunction Caused by High Glucose, Advanced Glycation End Products, and Interleukin-1 Beta and the Effects of Therapeutic Agents on the Microphysiological Artery Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2302682. [PMID: 38575148 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has substantial global implications and contributes to vascular inflammation and the onset of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, translating the findings from animal models to humans has inherent limitations, necessitating a novel platform. Therefore, herein, an arterial model is established using a microphysiological system. This model successfully replicates the stratified characteristics of human arteries by integrating collagen, endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Perfusion via a peristaltic pump shows dynamic characteristics distinct from those of static culture models. High glucose, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and interleukin-1 beta are employed to stimulate diabetic conditions, resulting in notable cellular changes and different levels of cytokines and nitric oxide. Additionally, the interactions between the disease models and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are examined. Finally, the potential therapeutic effects of metformin, atorvastatin, and diphenyleneiodonium are investigated. Metformin and diphenyleneiodonium mitigate high-glucose- and AGE-associated pathological changes, whereas atorvastatin affects only the morphology of ECs. Altogether, the arterial model represents a pivotal advancement, offering a robust and insightful platform for investigating cardiovascular diseases and their corresponding drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ungsig Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesang Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Gyeong Yi
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jessie S Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Grujic M, Alim MA, Hellman L, Peterson M, Pejler G. Mast Cells are Dependent on Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) and GLUT3 for IgE-mediated Activation. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02011-8. [PMID: 38565760 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are known to have a pathological impact in a variety of settings, in particular in allergic conditions. There is also limited evidence implicating MCs in diabetes, raising the possibility that MC function may be influenced by alterations in glucose levels. However, it is not known whether MCs are directly affected by elevated glucose concentrations. Moreover, it is not known which glucose transporters that are expressed by MCs, and whether MCs are dependent on glucose transporters for activation. Here we addressed these issues. We show that MCs express high levels of both glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1/Slc2A1) and GLUT3 (Slc2A3). Further, we show that the inhibition of either GLUT1 or GLUT3 dampens both MC degranulation and cytokine induction in response to IgE receptor crosslinking, and that combined GLUT1 and GLUT3 inhibition causes an even more pronounced inhibition of these parameters. In contrast, the inhibition of GLUT1 or GLUT3, or combined GLUT1 and GLUT3 inhibition, had less impact on the ability of the MCs to respond to activation via compound 48/80. Elevated glucose concentrations did not affect MC viability, and had no stimulatory effect on MC responses to either IgE receptor crosslinking or compound 48/80. Altogether, these findings reveal that MCs are strongly dependent on glucose transport via GLUT1 and/or GLUT3 for optimal responses towards IgE-mediated activation, whereas MC functionality is minimally affected by elevated glucose levels. Based on these findings, antagonists of GLUT1 and GLUT3 may be considered for therapeutic intervention in allergic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Grujic
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, General Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden.
- University of Cambridge, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Lars Hellman
- Uppsala University, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Peterson
- Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, General Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden
- Academic Primary Health Care, Region Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Mishra N, Garg A, Ashique S, Bhatt S. Potential of postbiotics for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103921. [PMID: 38382867 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Postbiotics, the next generation of probiotics, are extracts that are free of living and nonviable bacteria and show strong modulatory effects on the gut flora. Examples include vitamin B12, vitamin K, folate, lipopolysaccharides, enzymes, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), representing a subset of essential nutrients commonly found in the human diet. Postbiotics have been observed to demonstrate antiobesity and antidiabetic effects through a variety of mechanisms. These pathways primarily involve an elevation in energy expenditure, a decrease in the formation and differentiation of adipocytes and food intake, modification of lipid and carbohydrate absorption and metabolism, and regulation of gut dysbiosis. Based on these above effects and mechanisms, the use of postbiotics can be considered as potential strategy for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior 474005, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Guru RamdasKhalsa Institute of Science and Technology (Pharmacy), Jabalpur 483001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - Shvetank Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India.
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30
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Pant T, Uche N, Juric M, Zielonka J, Bai X. Regulation of immunomodulatory networks by Nrf2-activation in immune cells: Redox control and therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103077. [PMID: 38359749 PMCID: PMC10877431 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases present a serious health challenge due to their widespread prevalence and the severe impact on patients' lives. In the quest to alleviate the burden of these diseases, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has emerged as a pivotal player. As a transcription factor intimately involved in cellular defense against metabolic and oxidative stress, Nrf2's role in modulating the inflammatory responses of immune cells has garnered significant attention. Recent findings suggest that Nrf2's ability to alter the redox status of cells underlies its regulatory effects on immune responses. Our review delves into preclinical and clinical evidence that underscores the complex influence of Nrf2 activators on immune cell phenotypes, particularly in the inflammatory milieu. By offering a detailed analysis of Nrf2's role in different immune cell populations, we cast light on the potential of Nrf2 activators in shaping the immune response towards a more regulated state, mitigating the adverse effects of inflammation through modeling redox status of immune cells. Furthermore, we explore the innovative use of nanoencapsulation techniques that enhance the delivery and efficacy of Nrf2 activators, potentially advancing the treatment strategies for inflammatory ailments. We hope this review will stimulate the development and expansion of Nrf2-targeted treatments that could substantially improve outcomes for patients suffering from a broad range of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Pant
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Nnamdi Uche
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matea Juric
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Xiaowen Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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DeCuzzi NL, Oberbauer DP, Chmiel KJ, Pargett M, Ferguson JM, Murphy D, Zeki AA, Albeck JG. Spatiotemporal Clusters of ERK Activity Coordinate Cytokine-induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.03.578773. [PMID: 38352523 PMCID: PMC10862831 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.03.578773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Spatially coordinated ERK signaling events ("SPREADs") transmit radially from a central point to adjacent cells via secreted ligands for EGFR and other receptors. SPREADs maintain homeostasis in non-pulmonary epithelia, but it is unknown whether they play a role in the airway epithelium or are dysregulated in inflammatory disease. OBJECTIVES (1) To characterize spatiotemporal ERK activity in response to pro-inflammatory ligands, and (2) to assess pharmacological and metabolic regulation of cytokine-mediated SPREADs. METHODS SPREADs were measured by live-cell ERK biosensors in human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBE1 and 16HBE) and primary human bronchial epithelial (pHBE) cells, in both submerged and biphasic Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) culture conditions (i.e., differentiated cells). Cells were exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines relevant to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to pharmacological treatments (gefitinib, tocilizumab, hydrocortisone) and metabolic modulators (insulin, 2-deoxyglucose) to probe the airway epithelial mechanisms of SPREADs. Phospho-STAT3 immunofluorescence was used to measure localized inflammatory responses to IL-6. RESULTS Pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly increased the frequency of SPREADs. Notably, differentiated pHBE cells display increased SPREAD frequency that coincides with airway epithelial barrier breakdown. SPREADs correlate with IL-6 peptide secretion and localized pSTAT3. Hydrocortisone, inhibitors of receptor signaling, and suppression of metabolic function decreased SPREAD occurrence. CONCLUSIONS Pro-inflammatory cytokines modulate SPREADs in human airway epithelial cells via both secreted EGFR and IL6R ligands. SPREADs correlate with changes in epithelial barrier permeability, implying a role for spatiotemporal ERK signaling in barrier homeostasis and dysfunction during inflammation. The involvement of SPREADs in airway inflammation suggests a novel signaling mechanism that could be exploited clinically to supplement corticosteroid treatment for asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholaus L. DeCuzzi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
- School of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Lung Center; University of California, Davis
| | - Daniel P. Oberbauer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Kenneth J. Chmiel
- School of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Lung Center; University of California, Davis
| | - Michael Pargett
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Justa M. Ferguson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Devan Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Amir A. Zeki
- School of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Lung Center; University of California, Davis
- U. C. Davis Reversible Obstructive Airway Disease (ROAD) Center
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Mather, CA
| | - John G. Albeck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
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Kim YC, Um YJ, Yoon SH, Kim TW, Seo HJ, Jeong JH, Hong SC, Um YH. Association between weekend catch-up sleep and the risk of prediabetes and diabetes: A cross-sectional study using KNHANES. J Psychosom Res 2024; 179:111618. [PMID: 38412653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to explore the relationship between weekend catch-up sleep (WCUS) and the risk of prediabetes/diabetes and to assess how this risk varies based on WCUS duration, using a large population sample in South Korea. METHODS Data were sourced from the 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, involving 2472 subjects aged 30 years and above, employed, and not using blood glucose-lowering medications. Prediabetes/diabetes risk was examined based on the presence of WCUS. Participants were categorized into four groups by WCUS duration (< 1, ≥ 1 and < 2, ≥ 2 and < 3, and ≥ 3 h) to evaluate the prediabetes/diabetes risk across varying WCUS durations. RESULTS No significant difference in prediabetes/diabetes risk was observed between the WCUS and non-WCUS groups. In subgroup analysis, a WCUS duration of 1 to 2 h was related to a lower odds ratio of prediabetes (aOR = 0.618, 95% CI = 0.382-0.999), while 3 h or more was associated with a higher odds ratio of diabetes (aOR = 3.098, 95% CI = 1.561-6.149). CONCLUSIONS In individuals who experience insufficient sleep during weekdays and manage to achieve the optimal average sleep duration of 1 to 2 h of WCUS, WCUS was associated with improved blood glucose regulation. However, compensating for excessive weekday sleep deprivation with WCUS of 3 h or more was associated with impaired blood glucose regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Um
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jun Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Hyun Um
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Coşkun B, Ayhan M, Ulusoy S. Relationship between Prognostic Nutritional Index and Amputation in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:738. [PMID: 38611651 PMCID: PMC11011454 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is a new marker used to assess a patient's nutritional and immune status. It is calculated using serum albumin levels and total lymphocyte count. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between PNI and amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Patients with DFU were enrolled in this retrospective study. In our study, a total of 386 patient data, of 110 (28.5%) amputated and 276 (71.5%) non-amputated patients, were statistically analyzed. PNI values were significantly lower in the amputated patient group than in the non-amputee patient group (p < 0.001). According to the ROC analysis results, PNI was significant in the prediction of amputation at an excellent level (AUC = 0.937 (0.911-0.963), p < 0.001). The optimal cut-off point for PNI was found to be 39,005. There was classification success for this cut-off point: sensitivity was calculated as 82.7% (74.1-89) and specificity as 93.1% (89.3-95.7). In the multivariate model, the odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) was calculated as 81.8 (38.5-173.7) for PNI. The PNI was associated with an increase in amputation rate in patients with DFU. By using PNI, patients can be directed to advanced centers and have access to early and appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgin Coşkun
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, 06800 Çankaya, Turkey;
| | - Müge Ayhan
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, 06800 Çankaya, Turkey;
| | - Serap Ulusoy
- General Surgery, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, 06800 Çankaya, Turkey;
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34
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Darwitz BP, Genito CJ, Thurlow LR. Triple threat: how diabetes results in worsened bacterial infections. Infect Immun 2024:e0050923. [PMID: 38526063 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00509-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, characterized by impaired insulin signaling, is associated with increased incidence and severity of infections. Various diabetes-related complications contribute to exacerbated bacterial infections, including hyperglycemia, innate immune cell dysfunction, and infection with antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. One defining symptom of diabetes is hyperglycemia, resulting in elevated blood and tissue glucose concentrations. Glucose is the preferred carbon source of several bacterial pathogens, and hyperglycemia escalates bacterial growth and virulence. Hyperglycemia promotes specific mechanisms of bacterial virulence known to contribute to infection chronicity, including tissue adherence and biofilm formation. Foot infections are a significant source of morbidity in individuals with diabetes and consist of biofilm-associated polymicrobial communities. Bacteria perform complex interspecies behaviors conducive to their growth and virulence within biofilms, including metabolic cross-feeding and altered phenotypes more tolerant to antibiotic therapeutics. Moreover, the metabolic dysfunction caused by diabetes compromises immune cell function, resulting in immune suppression. Impaired insulin signaling induces aberrations in phagocytic cells, which are crucial mediators for controlling and resolving bacterial infections. These aberrancies encompass altered cytokine profiles, the migratory and chemotactic mechanisms of neutrophils, and the metabolic reprogramming required for the oxidative burst and subsequent generation of bactericidal free radicals. Furthermore, the immune suppression caused by diabetes and the polymicrobial nature of the diabetic infection microenvironment may promote the emergence of novel strains of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. This review focuses on the "triple threat" linked to worsened bacterial infections in individuals with diabetes: (i) altered nutritional availability in diabetic tissues, (ii) diabetes-associated immune suppression, and (iii) antibiotic treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Darwitz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher J Genito
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lance R Thurlow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Lu JQ, Luo ZY, Sun C, Wang SM, Sun D, Huang RJ, Yang X, Ding Y, Wang G. Baicalin administration could rescue high glucose-induced craniofacial skeleton malformation by regulating neural crest development. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1295356. [PMID: 38515837 PMCID: PMC10955141 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1295356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in pregnancy can increase the risk of congenital disorders, but little is known about craniofacial skeleton malformation and its corresponding medication. Our study first used meta-analysis to review the previous findings. Second, baicalin, an antioxidant, was chosen to counteract high glucose-induced craniofacial skeleton malformation. Its effectiveness was then tested by exposing chicken embryos to a combination of high glucose (HG, 50 mM) and 6 μM baicalin. Third, whole-mount immunofluorescence staining and in situ hybridization revealed that baicalin administration could reverse HG-inhibited neural crest cells (NCC) delamination and migration through upregulating the expression of Pax7 and Foxd3, and mitigate the disordered epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process by regulating corresponding adhesion molecules and transcription factors (i.e., E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Cadherin 6B, Slug and Msx1). Finally, through bioinformatic analysis and cellular thermal shift assay, we identified the AKR1B1 gene as a potential target. In summary, these findings suggest that baicalin could be used as a therapeutic agent for high glucose-induced craniofacial skeleton malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyang Sun
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Miao Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dixiang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Mengyin County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Ruo-Jing Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Lee HA, Park H, Park B. Genetic predisposition, lifestyle inflammation score, food-based dietary inflammatory index, and the risk for incident diabetes: Findings from the KoGES data. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:642-650. [PMID: 38161120 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We investigated whether genetic predisposition, the Lifestyle Inflammation Score (LIS), or the Food-based Dietary Inflammatory Index (FDII) were associated with diabetes incidence and whether these factors interact. METHODS AND RESULTS The study was conducted using population-based cohort data derived from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, which included 6568 people aged 40-69 years. Based on 25 genetic variants related to diabetes, genetic risk scores (GRSs) were determined and LISs and FDIIs were calculated and stratified into quartiles. We investigated the effects of gene-lifestyle interactions on the incident diabetes. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to generate hazard ratios with 95 % CIs. During the 16-year follow-up period, diabetes incidence was 13.6 per 1000 person-years. A dose-response association with diabetes was observed for both GRS and LIS quartiles but not for FDII quartiles. The GRS and LIS were also independently associated with diabetes incidence in a multivariate model. Compared to the bottom quartile, the top LIS quartile and the top GRS quartile had a 2.4-fold (95 % CI, 2.0-2.8) and a 1.4-fold (95 % CI, 1.2-1.7) higher diabetes risk, respectively. However, the FDII exhibited null association. When each genetic variant was evaluated, the top versus bottom LIS quartiles exhibited heterogeneous diabetes risks for rs560887 within G6PC2, rs7072268 within HK1, and rs837763 within CDT1; however, these differences were not statistically significant in multiple comparison. CONCLUSION Both GRS and LIS factors independently affect the incident diabetes, but their interaction effect showed insignificant association. Therefore, regardless of genetic susceptibility, more effort is needed to lower the risk for diabetes by improving lifestyle behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ah Lee
- Clinical Trial Center, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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37
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Masson W, Lobo M, Barbagelata L, Nogueira JP. Statins and new-onset diabetes in primary prevention setting: an updated meta-analysis stratified by baseline diabetes risk. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:351-360. [PMID: 37934231 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The use of statins has been associated with an increased risk of new-onset diabetes. The characteristics of the population could influence this association. The objective of this study was to determine the risk of new-onset diabetes with the use of statins in patients in primary prevention, with an assessment of the results according to the baseline risk of developing diabetes of the included population. METHODS We performed an updated meta-analysis including randomized trials of statin therapy in primary prevention settings that report new-onset diabetes. The rate of new cases of diabetes in the control arms was estimated for each study. The studies were classified into two groups (low rate: < 7.5 events per 1000 patients-year; high rate; ≥ 7.5 events per 1000 patients-year). The fixed-effects model was performed. RESULTS Eight studies (70,453 patients) were included. Globally, statin therapy was associated with an increased risk of new-onset diabetes (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.0-1.2, I2 35%). When we analyzed the studies according to the baseline diabetes risk in the control groups, the results showed that there was a greater risk only in the studies with a high baseline rate (OR 1.2; 95% CI 1.1-1.3, I2 0%; interaction p value = 0.01). CONCLUSION Globally, the use of statins in patients in primary prevention was associated with an increased risk of new-onset diabetes. In the stratified analysis, this association was observed only in the group of studies with a high baseline rate of events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Masson
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Perón 4190. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1199ABB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Martín Lobo
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Militar Campo de Mayo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Barbagelata
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Perón 4190. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1199ABB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P Nogueira
- Universidad Internacional de Las Américas, San José, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología, Nutrición y Metabolismo (CIENM), Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Formosa, Argentina
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Nikooyeh B, Zargaraan A, Ebrahimof S, Kalayi A, Zahedirad M, Yazdani H, Rismanchi M, Karami T, Khazraei M, Jafarpour A, Neyestani TR. Added γ-oryzanol boosted anti-inflammatory effects of canola oil in adult subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:425-433. [PMID: 37971692 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to examine the effects of daily intake of γ-oryzanol (ORZ)-fortified canola oil, as compared with plain canola and sunflower oils, on certain inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in adult subjects with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). METHODS We randomly allocated 92 adult subjects with T2D from both sexes to one of the following groups to receive: (a) ORZ-fortified canola oil (ORZO; n1 = 30); (b) unfortified canola oil (CANO; n2 = 32); or (c) sunflower oil (SUFO; n3 = 30) for 12 weeks. Dietary and laboratory evaluations were performed initially and finally. RESULTS Serum hs-CRP concentrations significantly decreased in ORZO group (from 3.1 ± 0.2 to 1.2 ± 0.2 mg/L), as compared with CANO (p = 0.003) and SUFO (p < 0.001) groups. Serum IL-6 significantly decreased just in ORZO (- 22.8%, p = 0.042) and CANO groups (- 19.8%, p = 0.038). However, the between-group differences were not significant. Serum IL-1β slightly decreased in ORZO (- 28.1%, p = 0.11) and increased in SUFO (+ 20.6%, p = 0.079) but between-group difference was statistically significant (p = 0.017). Serum IFN-γ concentrations decreased significantly only in ORZO (from 3.3 ± 0.08 to 2.9 ± 0.21 IU/mL, p = 0.044). Salivary IgA concentrations increased significantly in all three intervention groups. Notwithstanding, only the difference between ORZO and CANO groups was statistically significant (p = 0.042). Similarly, circulating malondialdehyde concentrations significantly decreased in all three groups but with no between-group significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Daily consumption of ORZ-fortified canola oil, compared with unfortified canola and sunflower oils, for 12 weeks resulted in boosting of certain anti-inflammatory effects of canola oil. These findings may have preventive implications for both clinicians and policy makers. This clinical trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (03.08.2022; NCT05271045).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Nikooyeh
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azizollaah Zargaraan
- Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Ebrahimof
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Kalayi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Zahedirad
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hootan Yazdani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Rismanchi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Karami
- Department of Research and Development, Kourosh Food Industry, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Jafarpour
- Quality Assurance Unit, Kourosh Food Industry, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tirang R Neyestani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mahdavi A, Leclercq M, Droit A, Rudkowska I, Lebel M. Predictive model for vitamin C levels in hyperinsulinemic individuals based on age, sex, waist circumference, low-density lipoprotein, and immune-associated serum proteins. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109538. [PMID: 38030046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an important water-soluble antioxidant associated with decreased oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. A previous targeted plasma proteomic study has indicated that ascorbic acid is associated with markers of the immune system in healthy subjects. However, the association between the levels of ascorbic acid and blood biomarkers in subjects at risk of developing T2D is still unknown. Serum ascorbic acid was measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and serum proteins were quantified by untargeted liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry in 25 hyperinsulinemia subjects that were randomly assigned a high dairy intake diet or an adequate dairy intake diet for 6 weeks, then crossed-over after a 6-week washout period. Spearman correlation followed by gene ontology analyses were performed to identify biological pathways associated with ascorbic acid. Finally, machine learning analysis was performed to obtain a specific serum protein signature that could predict ascorbic acid levels. After adjustments for waist circumference, LDL, HDL, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, age, gender, and dairy intake; serum ascorbic acid correlated positively with different aspects of the immune system. Machine learning analysis indicated that a signature composed of 21 features that included 17 proteins (mainly from the immune system), age, sex, waist circumference, and LDL could predict serum ascorbic acid levels in hyperinsulinemia subjects. In conclusion, the result reveals a correlation as well as modulation between serum ascorbic acid levels and proteins that play vital roles in regulating different aspects of the immune response in individuals at risk of T2D. The development of a predictive signature for ascorbic acid will further help the assessment of ascorbic acid status in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Mickaël Leclercq
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center, Québec, Canada; Proteomics Platform, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center, Québec, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Michel Lebel
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center, Québec, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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40
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Akhter A, Alouffi S, Shahab U, Akasha R, Fazal-Ur-Rehman M, Ghoniem ME, Ahmad N, Kaur K, Pandey RP, Alshammari A, Akhter F, Ahmad S. Vitamin D supplementation modulates glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c) in diabetes mellitus. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109911. [PMID: 38280562 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic illness that increases protein glycosylation in hyperglycemic conditions, which can have an impact on almost every organ system in the body. The role of vitamin D in the etiology of diabetes under RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) stress has recently received some attention on a global scale. Vitamin D's other skeletal benefits have generated a great deal of research. Vitamin D's function in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is supported by the discovery of 1,25 (OH)2D3 and 1-Alpha-Hydroylase expression in immune cells, pancreatic beta cells, and several other organs besides the bone system. A lower HBA1c level, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus all seems to be associated with vitamin D insufficiency. Most of the cross-sectional and prospective observational studies that were used to gather human evidence revealed an inverse relationship between vitamin D level and the prevalence or incidence of elevated HBA1c in type 2 diabetes. Several trials have reported on the impact of vitamin D supplementation for glycemia or incidence of type 2 diabetes, with varying degrees of success. The current paper examines the available data for a relationship between vitamin D supplementation and HBA1c level in diabetes and discusses the biological plausibility of such a relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Akhter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, United States.
| | - Sultan Alouffi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Uzma Shahab
- Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India.
| | - Rihab Akasha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Mohamed E Ghoniem
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Naved Ahmad
- Department of Computer Science and Information System, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, P.O.Box 71666, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kirtanjot Kaur
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- School of Health Sciences and Technology (SOHST), UPES, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Ahmed Alshammari
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Firoz Akhter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, United States.
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, 2440, Saudi Arabia.
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Nätynki A, Kokkonen N, Tuusa J, Ohlmeier S, Bergmann U, Tasanen K. Proteomic changes related to actin cytoskeleton function in the skin of vildagliptin-treated mice. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 113:121-129. [PMID: 38326167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) is a widely used type 2 diabetes medication that is associated with an up-to 10-fold increased risk for the development of bullous pemphigoid (BP), an autoimmune skin disease. The mechanism by which vildagliptin promotes the development of BP remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To elucidate effects of vildagliptin treatment on the mouse cutaneous proteome. METHODS We analyzed the cutaneous proteome of nondiabetic mice treated for 12 weeks with vildagliptin using label-free shotgun mass spectrometry (MS), two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Although vildagliptin treatment did not cause any clinical signs or histological changes in the skin, separate MS and 2D-DIGE analyses revealed altered cutaneous expression of several proteins, many of which were related to actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Altogether 18 proteins were increased and 40 were decreased in the vildagliptin-treated mouse skin. Both methods revealed increased levels of beta-actin and C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC2 in vildagliptin-treated mice. However, elevated levels of a specific moesin variant in vildagliptin-treated animals were only detected with 2D-DIGE. Immunohistochemical staining showed altered cutaneous expression of DPP-4, moesin, and galectin-1. The changed proteins detected by MS and 2D-DIGE were linked to actin cytoskeleton remodeling, transport, cell movement and organelle assembly. CONCLUSION Vildagliptin treatment alters the cutaneous proteome of nondiabetic mice even without clinical signs in the skin. Cytoskeletal changes in the presence of other triggering factors may provoke a break of immune tolerance and further promote the development of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Nätynki
- Department of Dermatology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Nina Kokkonen
- Department of Dermatology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jussi Tuusa
- Department of Dermatology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Steffen Ohlmeier
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facilities, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ulrich Bergmann
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facilities, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kaisa Tasanen
- Department of Dermatology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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Patel SH, Campbell NWC, Emenim CE, Farino DO, Damen FW, Rispoli JV, Goergen CJ, Haus JM, Sabbaghi A, Carroll CC. Patellar tendon biomechanical and morphologic properties and their relationship to serum clinical variables in persons with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. J Orthop Res 2024. [PMID: 38400550 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Tendon biomechanical properties and fibril organization are altered in patients with diabetes compared to healthy individuals, yet few biomarkers have been associated with in vivo tendon properties. We investigated the relationships between in vivo imaging-based tendon properties, serum variables, and patient characteristics across healthy controls (n = 14, age: 45 ± 5 years, body mass index [BMI]: 24 ± 1, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]: 5.3 ± 0.1%), prediabetes (n = 14, age: 54 ± 5 years, BMI: 29 ± 2; HbA1c: 5.7 ± 0.1), and type 2 diabetes (n = 13, age: 55 ± 3 years, BMI: 33 ± 2, HbA1c: 6.7 ± 0.3). We used ultrasound speckle-tracking and measurements from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to estimate the patellar tendon in vivo tangent modulus. Analysis of plasma c-peptide, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), adiponectin, leptin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and C-reactive protein (CRP) was completed. We built regression models incorporating statistically significant covariates and indicators for the clinically defined groups. We found that tendon cross-sectional area normalized to body weight (BWN CSA) and modulus were lower in patients with type 2 diabetes than in healthy controls (p < 0.05). Our regression analysis revealed that a model that included BMI, leptin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), age, and group explained ~70% of the variability in BWN CSA (R2 = 0.70, p < 0.001). For modulus, including the main effects LDL, groups, HbA1c, age, BMI, cholesterol, IGF-1, c-peptide, leptin, and IL-6, accounted for ~54% of the variability in modulus (R2 = 0.54, p < 0.05). While BWN CSA and modulus were lower in those with diabetes, group was a poor predicter of tendon properties when considering the selected covariates. These data highlight the multifactorial nature of tendon changes with diabetes and suggest that blood variables could be reliable predictors of tendon properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam H Patel
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Nathan W C Campbell
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Chinonso E Emenim
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Dominick O Farino
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Frederick W Damen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Joseph V Rispoli
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jacob M Haus
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Arman Sabbaghi
- Head of Clinical Methods, Unlearn.AI, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chad C Carroll
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Rajan R, Karthikeyan S, Desikan R. Synthesis, Structural Elucidation, In Silico and In Vitro Studies of New Class of Methylenedioxyphenyl-Based Amide Derivatives as Potential Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors for Cardiovascular Protection. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7850-7868. [PMID: 38405500 PMCID: PMC10882620 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Novel methylenedioxyphenyl-based amides, especially N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6-nitrobenzo-[1,3]-dioxole-5-carboxamide (MDC) and N-(3-acetylphenyl)-6-nitrobenzo-[1,3]-dioxole-5-carboxamide (ADC), potential cardiovascular preventive agents, are successfully synthesized, and their chemical structures are verified by 1H and 13C NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) analyses. Data obtained from SC-XRD reveal that MDC and ADC are both monoclinic molecules with Z = 2 and 4, respectively. From density functional theory (DFT) calculations, 3.54 and 3.96 eV are the energy gaps of the optimized MDC and ADC structures, respectively. MDC and ADC exhibit an electrophilicity index value of more than 1.5 eV, suggesting that they can act as an electrophile, facilitating bond formation with biomolecules. Hirshfeld surface analysis demonstrates that more than 25% of atomic interactions in both MDC and ADC are from H···H interactions. Based on pharmacokinetic predictions, MDC and ADC exhibit drug-like properties, and molecular docking simulations revealed favorable interactions with active site pockets. Both MDC and ADC achieved higher docking scores of -7.74 and -7.79 kcal/mol, respectively, with myeloperoxidase (MPO) protein. From docking results, MPO was found to be most favorable followed by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and α-glucosidase (α-GD). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and in vitro enzymatic studies of MDC and ADC indicate that MDC is more selective toward MPO and more potent than ADC. The application of MDC to inhibit myeloperoxidase could be ascertained to reduce the cardiovascular risk factor. This can be supported from the results of computational docking (based on hydrogen bonding and docking score), in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and MPO enzymatic inhibition (based on the percentage of inhibition and IC50 values).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Rajan
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sambantham Karthikeyan
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajagopal Desikan
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
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Pergialiotis V, Thomakos N, Papalios T, Lygizos V, Vlachos DE, Rodolakis A, Haidopoulos D. Prognostic Nutritional Index as a Predictive Biomarker of Post-Operative Infectious Morbidity in Gynecological Cancer Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:364-371. [PMID: 38369888 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2318827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Malnutrition significantly impacts the post-operative process of gynecological cancer patients. A prominent variable for determining perioperative morbidity is the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI). To investigate PNI's predictive value on the risk of post-operative infections, we conducted a prospective cohort study involving women who underwent surgery for gynecological malignancies. Out of the 208 patients enrolled, 28 (13.5%) were malnourished and post-operative infections occurred in 43 patients. Notably, there was a significant difference in PNI between patients who developed infections and those who did not (p = 0.027), as well as between malnourished patients and those with normal nutritional status (p = 0.043). Univariate analysis showed that preoperative PNI predicts the risk of post-operative infections better than post-operative white blood cell count (AUC of 0.562 vs 0.375). However, the most accurate diagnostic results in the multivariate analysis were obtained from random forest and classification tree models (AUC of 0.987 and 0.977, respectively). Essentially, PNI and post-operative white blood cell count provided the best information gain according to rank probabilities. In conclusion, PNI appears to be a critical parameter that merits further investigation during the preoperative evaluation of gynecological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Pergialiotis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, "Alexandra" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Thomakos
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, "Alexandra" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Papalios
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, "Alexandra" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios Lygizos
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, "Alexandra" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Efthimios Vlachos
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, "Alexandra" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Rodolakis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, "Alexandra" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Haidopoulos
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, "Alexandra" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Braithwaite AT, Akbar N, Pezzolla D, Paget D, Krausgruber T, Bock C, Carnicer R, Choudhury RP. Multi-organ single-cell RNA sequencing in mice reveals early hyperglycemia responses that converge on fibroblast dysregulation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23448. [PMID: 38305779 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302003r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes causes a range of complications that can affect multiple organs. Hyperglycemia is an important driver of diabetes-associated complications, mediated by biological processes such as dysfunction of endothelial cells, fibrosis, and alterations in leukocyte number and function. Here, we dissected the transcriptional response of key cell types to hyperglycemia across multiple tissues using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and identified conserved, as well as organ-specific, changes associated with diabetes complications. By studying an early time point of diabetes, we focus on biological processes involved in the initiation of the disease, before the later organ-specific manifestations had supervened. We used a mouse model of type 1 diabetes and performed scRNA-seq on cells isolated from the heart, kidney, liver, and spleen of streptozotocin-treated and control male mice after 8 weeks and assessed differences in cell abundance, gene expression, pathway activation, and cell signaling across organs and within organs. In response to hyperglycemia, endothelial cells, macrophages, and monocytes displayed organ-specific transcriptional responses, whereas fibroblasts showed similar responses across organs, exhibiting altered metabolic gene expression and increased myeloid-like fibroblasts. Furthermore, we found evidence of endothelial dysfunction in the kidney, and of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in streptozotocin-treated mouse organs. In summary, our study represents the first single-cell and multi-organ analysis of early dysfunction in type 1 diabetes-associated hyperglycemia, and our large-scale dataset (comprising 67 611 cells) will serve as a starting point, reference atlas, and resource for further investigating the events leading to early diabetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Braithwaite
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Naveed Akbar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniela Pezzolla
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daan Paget
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Krausgruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ricardo Carnicer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin P Choudhury
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Ji YZ, Jia LL, Liu SR. Inflammation and epigenetics of sporotrichosis disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:193-198. [PMID: 36990829 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis, a fungal disease, is caused by exposure to soil that harbors Sporothrix schenckii or through inhalation of fungal spores. Skin is the most frequently exposed organ making sporotrichosis a primarily dermal disease. Many described reports in the literature suggest a connection of sporotrichosis with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with some connection between initial sporotrichosis diagnosis and treatment followed by development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma at the very site. Conversely, there is also evidence for sporotrichosis subsequent to skin cancer diagnosis, even after cancer chemotherapy, which points towards weakening of immune response by cancer chemotherapy leading to attack and infection by Sporothrix schenckii. We also propose and focus on inflammation as the connection between sporotrichosis, cancer and even the metastatic spread of cancer. Inflammation-associated IL-6, IFN-γ, natural killer cells and M2-macrophages possibly mechanistically link sporotrichosis with cancer, particularly cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. These inflammation related factors/cells are regulated epigenetically raising the possibility of epigenetic regulation of sporotrichosis, which has not been described yet in the available literature. Clinical management of inflammation may thus be effective strategy not just against sporotrichosis but also the related onset of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and possibly its metastasis to lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhi Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li-Li Jia
- Department of Dermatology, FAW General Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Shi-Rui Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Ahmed TA, Ahmed SM, Elkhenany H, El-Desouky MA, Magdeldin S, Osama A, Anwar AM, Mohamed IK, Abdelgawad ME, Hanna DH, El-Badri N. The cross talk between type II diabetic microenvironment and the regenerative capacities of human adipose tissue-derived pericytes: a promising cell therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:36. [PMID: 38331889 PMCID: PMC10854071 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericytes (PCs) are multipotent contractile cells that wrap around the endothelial cells (ECs) to maintain the blood vessel's functionality and integrity. The hyperglycemia associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was shown to impair the function of PCs and increase the risk of diabetes complications. In this study, we aimed to investigate the deleterious effect of the diabetic microenvironment on the regenerative capacities of human PCs. METHODS PCs isolated from human adipose tissue were cultured in the presence or absence of serum collected from diabetic patients. The functionality of PCs was analyzed after 6, 14, and 30 days. RESULTS Microscopic examination of PCs cultured in DS (DS-PCs) showed increased aggregate formation and altered surface topography with hyperbolic invaginations. Compared to PCs cultured in normal serum (NS-PCs), DS-PCs showed more fragmented mitochondria and thicker nuclear membrane. DS caused impaired angiogenic differentiation of PCs as confirmed by tube formation, decreased VEGF-A and IGF-1 gene expression, upregulated TSP1, PF4, actin-related protein 2/3 complex, and downregulated COL21A1 protein expression. These cells suffered more pronounced apoptosis and showed higher expression of Clic4, apoptosis facilitator BCl-2-like protein, serine/threonine protein phosphatase, and caspase-7 proteins. DS-PCs showed dysregulated DNA repair genes CDKN1A, SIRT1, XRCC5 TERF2, and upregulation of the pro-inflammatory genes ICAM1, IL-6, and TNF-α. Further, DS-treated cells also showed disruption in the expression of the focal adhesion and binding proteins TSP1, TGF-β, fibronectin, and PCDH7. Interestingly, DS-PCs showed resistance mechanisms upon exposure to diabetic microenvironment by maintaining the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) organizing proteins as vinculin, IQGAP1, and tubulin beta chain. CONCLUSION These data showed that the diabetic microenvironment exert a deleterious effect on the regenerative capacities of human adipose tissue-derived PCs, and may thus have possible implications on the vascular complications of T2DM. Nevertheless, PCs have shown remarkable protective mechanisms when initially exposed to DS and thus they could provide a promising cellular therapy for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toka A Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara M Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt
| | - Hoda Elkhenany
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Desouky
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, 57357, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Aya Osama
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, 57357, Egypt
| | - Ali Mostafa Anwar
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, 57357, Egypt
| | - Ihab K Mohamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Essameldin Abdelgawad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Innovative Cellular Microenvironment Optimization Platform (ICMOP), Precision Therapy Unit, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- The Egyptian Network of Bioinformatics "BioNetMasr", Cairo, Egypt
| | - Demiana H Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza, 12582, Egypt.
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48
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McGee AC, Reinicke T, Carrasco D, Goodrich J, Pavkov ME, van Raalte DH, Birznieks C, Nelson RG, Nadeau KJ, Choi YJ, Vigers T, Pyle L, de Boer I, Bjornstad P, Tommerdahl KL. Glycoprotein Acetyls Associate With Intraglomerular Hemodynamic Dysfunction, Albuminuria, Central Adiposity, and Insulin Resistance in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2024:S1499-2671(24)00037-6. [PMID: 38341135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA's) are biomarkers of systemic inflammation and cardiovascular disease, yet little is known about their role in type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this study we examined the associations among GlycA's, central adiposity, insulin resistance, and early kidney injury in youth with T1D. METHODS Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow by iohexol and p-aminohippurate clearance, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), central adiposity by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and estimated insulin sensitivity were assessed in 50 youth with T1D (16±3.0 years of age, 50% female, glycated hemoglobin 8.7±1.3%, T1D duration 5.7±2.6 years). Concentrations of GlycA were quantified by targeted nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Correlation and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS GlycA's were higher in girls vs boys (1.05±0.26 vs 0.84±0.15 mmol/L, p=0.001) and in participants living with overweight/obesity vs normal weight (1.12±0.23 vs 0.87±0.20 mmol/L, p=0.0004). GlycA's correlated positively with estimated intraglomerular pressure (r=0.52, p=0.001), UACR (r=0.53, p<0.0001), and trunk mass (r=0.45, p=0.001), and inversely with estimated insulin sensitivity (r=-0.36, p=0.01). All relationships remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, and glycated hemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS As biomarker of inflammation, GlycA's were higher in girls and those with overweight or obese body habitus in T1D. GlycA's associated with parameters of early kidney dysfunction, central adiposity, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Caldwell McGee
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Trenton Reinicke
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Diego Carrasco
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Jesse Goodrich
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Meda E Pavkov
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Daniel H van Raalte
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carissa Birznieks
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Robert G Nelson
- Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Ye Ji Choi
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Tim Vigers
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Laura Pyle
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Ian de Boer
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Petter Bjornstad
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States; Ludeman Family Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States; Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kalie L Tommerdahl
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States; Ludeman Family Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States; Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States.
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49
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Kumar M, Muthurayar T, Karthika S, Gayathri S, Varalakshmi P, Ashokkumar B. Anti-Diabetic Potentials of Lactobacillus Strains by Modulating Gut Microbiota Structure and β-Cells Regeneration in the Pancreatic Islets of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10221-7. [PMID: 38329697 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a most common endocrine disorder of glucose metabolism, has become a global epidemic and poses a serious public health threat with an increased socio-economic burden. Escalating incidence of diabetes is correlated with changes in lifestyle and food habits that cause gut microbiome dysbiosis and β-cells damage, which can be addressed with dietary interventions containing probiotics. Hence, the search for probiotics of human origin with anti-diabetic, anti-AGE, and anti-ACE potentials has gained renewed interest for the effective management of diabetes and its associated complications. The present study used an alloxan (AXN)-induced diabetic rat model to investigate the effects of potential probiotic Lacticaseibacillus casei MKU1, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus MKU3, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MKU7 administration individually on physiochemical parameters related to diabetic pathogenesis. Experimental animals were randomly allotted into six groups viz. NCG (control), DCG (AXN), DGM (metformin), DGP1 (MKU1), DGP2 (MKU3), and DGP3 (MKU7), and biochemical data like serum glucose, insulin, AngII, ACE, HbA1c, and TNF-α levels were measured until 90 days. Our results suggest that oral administration with MKU1, MKU3, or MKU7 significantly improved serum insulin levels, glycemic control, glucose tolerance, and body weight. Additionally, β-cell mass was increased by preserving islet integrity in Lactobacillus-treated diabetic rats, whereas TNF-α (~40%), AngII (~30%), and ACE levels (~50%) were strongly inhibited and enhanced sIgA production (5.8 folds) abundantly. Furthermore, Lactobacillus administration positively influenced the gut microbiome with a significant increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus species and the beneficial Bacteroides uniformis and Bacteroides fragilis, while decreased the pathogenic Proteus vulgaris and Parabacteroides distasonis. Among the probiotic treatment groups, L. pentosus MKU3 performed greatly in almost all parameters, indicating its potential use for alleviating diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Tharmar Muthurayar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Sukumaran Karthika
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Santhalingam Gayathri
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Perumal Varalakshmi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India.
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50
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Koponen K, Kambur O, Joseph B, Ruuskanen MO, Jousilahti P, Salido R, Brennan C, Jain M, Meric G, Inouye M, Lahti L, Niiranen T, Havulinna AS, Knight R, Salomaa V. Role of Gut Microbiota in Statin-Associated New-Onset Diabetes-A Cross-Sectional and Prospective Analysis of the FINRISK 2002 Cohort. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:477-487. [PMID: 37970720 PMCID: PMC10805357 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is treated effectively with statins, but treatment has the potential to induce new-onset type-2 diabetes. Gut microbiota may contribute to this outcome variability. We assessed the associations of gut microbiota diversity and composition with statins. Bacterial associations with statin-associated new-onset type-2 diabetes (T2D) risk were also prospectively evaluated. METHODS We examined shallow-shotgun-sequenced fecal samples from 5755 individuals in the FINRISK-2002 population cohort with a 17+-year-long register-based follow-up. Alpha-diversity was quantified using Shannon index and beta-diversity with Aitchison distance. Species-specific differential abundances were analyzed using general multivariate regression. Prospective associations were assessed with Cox regression. Applicable results were validated using gradient boosting. RESULTS Statin use associated with differing taxonomic composition (R2, 0.02%; q=0.02) and 13 differentially abundant species in fully adjusted models (MaAsLin; q<0.05). The strongest positive association was with Clostridium sartagoforme (β=0.37; SE=0.13; q=0.02) and the strongest negative association with Bacteroides cellulosilyticus (β=-0.31; SE=0.11; q=0.02). Twenty-five microbial features had significant associations with incident T2D in statin users, of which only Bacteroides vulgatus (HR, 1.286 [1.136-1.457]; q=0.03) was consistent regardless of model adjustment. Finally, higher statin-associated T2D risk was seen with [Ruminococcus] torques (ΔHRstatins, +0.11; q=0.03), Blautia obeum (ΔHRstatins, +0.06; q=0.01), Blautia sp. KLE 1732 (ΔHRstatins, +0.05; q=0.01), and beta-diversity principal component 1 (ΔHRstatin, +0.07; q=0.03) but only when adjusting for demographic covariates. CONCLUSIONS Statin users have compositionally differing microbiotas from nonusers. The human gut microbiota is associated with incident T2D risk in statin users and possibly has additive effects on statin-associated new-onset T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Koponen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., O.K., B.J., P.J., T.N., A.S.H., V.S.)
| | - Oleg Kambur
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., O.K., B.J., P.J., T.N., A.S.H., V.S.)
| | - Bijoy Joseph
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., O.K., B.J., P.J., T.N., A.S.H., V.S.)
| | | | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., O.K., B.J., P.J., T.N., A.S.H., V.S.)
| | - Rodolfo Salido
- Department of Pediatrics (R.S., C.B., R.K.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Bioengineering (R.S., R.K.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Caitriona Brennan
- Department of Pediatrics (R.S., C.B., R.K.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology (M.J.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Guillaume Meric
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (G.M., M.I.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (G.M.)
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (G.M., M.I.)
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.I.)
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Finland (M.O.R., L.L.)
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., O.K., B.J., P.J., T.N., A.S.H., V.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland (T.N.)
| | - Aki S. Havulinna
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., O.K., B.J., P.J., T.N., A.S.H., V.S.)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FiMM-HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H.)
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics (R.S., C.B., R.K.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Bioengineering (R.S., R.K.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering (R.K.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Center for Microbiome Innovation (R.K.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland (K.K., O.K., B.J., P.J., T.N., A.S.H., V.S.)
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