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Mudhaffer S, Althagafi R, Haider J, Satterthwaite J, Silikas N. Effects of printing orientation and artificial ageing on martens hardness and indentation modulus of 3D printed restorative resin materials. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00104-0. [PMID: 38735775 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) printing is increasingly used to fabricate dental restorations due to its enhanced precision, consistency and time and cost-saving advantages. The properties of 3D-printed resin materials can be influenced by the chosen printing orientation which can impact the mechanical characteristics of the final products. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of printing orientation and artificial ageing on the Martens hardness (HM) and indentation modulus (EIT) of 3D-printed definitive and temporary dental restorative resins. METHODS Disk specimens (20 mm diameter × 2 mm height) were additively manufactured in three printing orientations (0°, 45°, 90°) using five 3D-printable resins: VarseoSmile Crownplus (VCP), Crowntec (CT), Nextdent C&B MFH (ND), Dima C&B temp (DT), and GC temp print (GC). The specimens were printed using a DLP 3D-printer (ASIGA MAX UV), while LavaTM Ultimate (LU) and Telio CAD (TC) served as milled control materials. Martens hardness (HM) and indentation modulus (EIT) were tested both before and after storage in distilled water and artificial saliva for 1, 30, and 90 days at 37 °C. RESULTS 90° printed specimens exhibited higher HM than the other orientations at certain time points, but no significant differences were observed in HM and EIT between orientations for all 3D-printed materials after 90 days of ageing in both aging media. LU milled control material exhibited the highest HM and EIT among the tested materials, while TC, the other milled control, showed similar values to the 3D printed resins. CT and VCP (definitive resins) and ND displayed higher Martens parameters compared to DT and GC (temporary resins). The hardness of the 3D-printed materials was significantly impacted by artificial ageing compared to the controls, with ND having the least hardness reduction percentage amongst all 3D-printed materials. The hardness reduction percentage in distilled water and artificial saliva was similar for all materials except for TC, where higher reduction was noted in artificial saliva. SIGNIFICANCE The used 3D printed resins cannot yet be considered viable alternatives to milled materials intended for definitive restorations but are preferable for use as temporary restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa Mudhaffer
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Substitutive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rana Althagafi
- Substitutive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Julian Satterthwaite
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nick Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Taşın S, Ismatullaev A. Effect of coffee thermocycling on the color and translucency of milled and 3D printed definitive restoration materials. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:969.e1-969.e7. [PMID: 38443241 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Research on the color and translucency properties of 3-dimensionally (3D) printed definitive resins and the effect of coffee thermocycling on these properties is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of coffee thermocycling on the color and translucency parameters of the milled and 3D printed materials used for definitive restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plate-shaped specimens (12×12×1 mm) of 3 milled (IPS e.max CAD (LDS), Vita Enamic (PICN), Cerasmart (RNC)) and two 3D printed (VarseoSmile Crownplus (VSP), Permanent Crown (PC)) were fabricated (n=12). The brightness (L*), red-green (a*), and yellow-blue (b*) parameters were measured with a spectrophotometer before and after 10 000 coffee thermocycles. The relative translucency parameters (RTP00) and color change were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Stainability (ΔE00) and translucency differences (ΔRTP00) were evaluated. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests. The Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the ΔE00 and ΔRTP00 values (α=.05). RESULTS The type of material and coffee thermocycling significantly affected the evaluated parameters at both measurement periods (P=.001). Coffee thermocycling decreased the L* and RTP00 values while increasing the a* and b* values (P=.001). The highest ΔE00 values were found in VSP and PC, which were statistically similar (P=.291), while the highest | ΔRTP00 | values were observed for VSP (P=.001). The lowest ΔE00 and | ΔRTP00 | values were found in LDS (P=.001). A positive relationship was found between the ΔE00 and | ΔRTP00| values (R=.590, P=.01). CONCLUSIONS After coffee thermocycling, all tested materials exhibited a darkened, yellowish, and opaque appearance, although the alterations in color and translucency remained within clinically acceptable thresholds (AT00=1.81) for these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Taşın
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Artur Ismatullaev
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University, Mersin, Turkey
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Néma V, Kunsági-Máté S, Őri Z, Kiss T, Szabó P, Szalma J, Fráter M, Lempel E. Relation between internal adaptation and degree of conversion of short-fiber reinforced resin composites applied in bulk or layered technique in deep MOD cavities. Dent Mater 2024; 40:581-592. [PMID: 38368136 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose was to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC), internal adaptation (IA) and closed porosity (CP) of short-fiber reinforced resin composites (SFRC) associated with layered or bulk restorative procedures in deep MOD cavities. METHODS Eighty third molars with standardized MOD cavities (5-mm-depth, 2.5-mm-width) were randomly divided into four groups and restored as follows: 1) bulk SFRC; 2) layered SFRC; 3) flowable bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBC); 4) layered conventional RBC. After one-month wet storage the samples were subjected to micro-computed tomography measurements and scanning electron microscopy to assess the IA and CP. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the DC in different depths. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test, multivariate analysis and partial eta-squared statistics (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient was determined to assess the relationship among the parameters of interest. RESULTS Gap/total interface volume ratio ranged between 0.22-0.47%. RBCs applied in bulk revealed significantly lower gap volume (p < 0.001) and CP (p < 0.05). Each group showed complete detachment on the pulpal and partial on the lateral walls, except for group3. While the highest DC% was achieved by the conventional RBC (87.2%), followed by the flowable bulk-fill (81.2%), SFRC provided the best bottom to top DC ratio (bulk: 96.4%, layered: 98.7%). The effect of factors studied (RBC type, filling technique) on IA and DC was significant (p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE Bulk placement of RBCs exhibited lower interfacial gap volume and achieved satisfactory DC without significant correlation between these parameters. Incremental insertion of SFRC had no advantage over bulk placement in terms of IA and DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Néma
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos Blvd 64-66, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- Department of Organic and Pharmacological Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Faculty of Pharmacy, Honvéd street 1, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Őri
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, University of Pécs, Faculty of Health Sciences, Vörösmarty Street 4, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Ifjúság Street 6, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Szabó
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márk Fráter
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos Blvd 64-66, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edina Lempel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, 7623 Pécs, Hungary.
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Grutle LA, Holm HV, Kopperud HBM, Uhlig S. Validation of a human saliva model for the determination of leachable monomers and other chemicals from dental materials. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1236:124073. [PMID: 38452631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to prove the validity of a mixture of chemicals, including salts, small organic molecules, mucin, and α-amylase, as saliva surrogate ("artificial saliva") for assessing leakage of methacrylate monomers and other constituents from dental materials. To achieve this, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA), diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO), bisphenol A (BPA), and five homologues of ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BisEMA EO2-6) in unstimulated and artificial saliva, and compared their concentrations in the two saliva media following either spiking with a mixture of the compounds or incubation of test specimens of printed biomaterials. Test specimens were immersed in unstimulated/artificial saliva, incubated at 37 °C for 24 h, and saliva aliquots were extracted with methanol and subsequently analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The method was validated with regard to matrix effects, linearity, selectivity, lower limits of quantification (LLOQ), precision, bias and combined measurement uncertainty (u'). The performance characteristics of the method were comparable for unstimulated and artificial saliva samples. The combined u' for individual chemicals at a concentration of 10 × LLOQ were within the range of 5.3-14 % for unstimulated saliva and 6.9-16 % for artificial saliva, except for the BisEMA homologues. Combined u' for the latter were 27-74 % in unstimulated saliva, and 27-79 % in artificial saliva. There was no detectable release of BPA from the test specimens, and the TPO concentrations were mainly below the LLOQ. TEGDMA and UDMA were detected in the highest quantities, and at comparable concentrations in the unstimulated and artificial saliva. For all BisEMA homologues, the release was higher in unstimulated saliva than in artificial saliva. The study showed that the artificial saliva model can be a suitable replacement for native saliva, but might underestimate leakage of more lipophilic methacrylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene A Grutle
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Sognsveien 70A, 0855 Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi V Holm
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Sognsveien 70A, 0855 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde B M Kopperud
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Sognsveien 70A, 0855 Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvio Uhlig
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Sognsveien 70A, 0855 Oslo, Norway.
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Schneider LF, Mueller B, Nisie Tango R, Volpato CAM. Effect of coffee staining and simulated oral hygiene methods on the color and translucency of a nanoceramic resin. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024. [PMID: 38445806 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the color and translucency of a nanoceramic resin subjected to hygiene practices and immersion in coffee over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens (n = 80, HT and LT, 0.5-mm thick) of a nanoceramic resin were obtained and were divided in groups according to the simulated oral hygiene: no intervention (NT), brushing with an electric brush and water (BN), brushing with an electric brush and toothpaste for 10 s (BT), and immersion in mouthwash for 30 s (MW). Oral hygiene practices were repeated after staining in coffee solution for 15, 48, 336, 1440, 8640, and 35,040 min. Spectral wavelengths were recorded with a spectrophotometer at each time. ∆E00 , ∆L', ∆C', ∆H', and TP00 were calculated by CIEDE2000 and were evaluated by 2-way ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). RESULTS ANOVA showed significance among factors for ΔE00 (p < 0.05), with higher ΔE00 for NT-HT (11.7) and NT-LT (11.2). After T6 (2-year simulation), the lowest values were found for BT-HT (5.3) and BT-LT (4.9). All groups showed a reduction in lightness and translucency and increased chroma and hue. However, the smallest variations were found in the BT groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Brushing with toothpaste effectively minimized the color change of NCRs caused by coffee staining. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Oral hygiene practices, such as brushing with toothpaste, might be important to minimize staining of nanoceramic resin restorations, especially in patients who frequently consume coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe Schneider
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Bruna Mueller
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rubens Nisie Tango
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, State University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Liu G, Yang L, Gao L, Ma Y, Wu X, Wang X, Hao Z. Durability of infiltrated resin application on white spot lesions after different challenges: An ex vivo study. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:500-507. [PMID: 35256186 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Infiltrated resin has been widely used as a minimally invasive approach to masking white spot lesions and reinforcing demineralized enamel. Recent evidence confirms its satisfactory effect in the short term, but studies focusing on its long-term performance are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this ex vivo study was to evaluate the durability of infiltrated resin on white spot lesions after pH cycling and long-term thermocycling, staining, and toothbrushing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four axial surfaces of 25 extracted human molars were sectioned and fabricated as specimens. The enamel surface of each specimen was prepared in 3 areas: sound enamel, demineralized enamel (white spot lesions), and demineralized enamel treated by infiltrated resin. Then, 4 specimens of each molar were allocated to different challenges simulating a 10-year follow-up: pH cycling, thermocycling, staining, and toothbrushing. The surface roughness, microhardness, and CIELab color values were measured before and after different treatments. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe representative specimens. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the effect of different treatments on microhardness, roughness, and color differences (ΔE) (α=.05). RESULTS Resin infiltration reduced the surface roughness and increased the microhardness of demineralized lesions, (P<.001) but the values of sound enamel at baseline were not reached. The pH cycling led to the greatest roughness values (515.6 ±56.9 nm) on resin-infiltrated lesions, followed by thermocycling (450.7 ±64.7 nm), toothbrushing (291.2 ±43.5 nm), and staining (183.6 ±49.3 nm) (all P<.001). Only pH cycling significantly decreased the microhardness of resin-infiltrated lesions (81.6 ±14.8 HV 0.2) after progressive demineralization (P<.001). No clinically identified differences were found between resin-infiltrated white spot lesions and sound enamel (ΔE=3.4 ±2.0) at baseline. However, resin-infiltrated lesions demonstrated significantly greater discoloration after pH cycling (ΔE=8.0 ±4.5, P<.001), thermocycling (ΔE=5.4 ±2.0, P=.014), and staining treatments (ΔE=10.4 ±3.2, P<.001) than sound enamel. CONCLUSIONS Infiltrated resin application reduced surface roughness, improved microhardness, and masked white spot lesions immediately. However, it could not reestablish the characteristics of sound enamel completely and resist chemical and mechanical challenges over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Liu
- Postgraduate student, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ling Yang
- Associate Chief Physician, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Associate Chief Physician, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Associate Chief Physician, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiangnan Wu
- Assistant Research Fellow, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Associate Chief Physician, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhichao Hao
- Lecturer, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Erturk-Avunduk AT, Delikan E, Cengiz-Yanardag E, Karakaya I. Effect of whitening concepts on surface roughness and optical characteristics of resin-based composites: An AFM study. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:214-228. [PMID: 37724605 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various whitening agents on the surface roughness and optical characteristics of different types of resin composite restorations. Fifty specimens were prepared for each resin [G-aenial Posterior (GP), SonicFill-2 (SF), Solidex (SDX), and Nova Compo HF (NC)]. Following baseline color and surface roughness (Ra) measurements, the specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10/group) according to whitening concepts: control (distilled water), in-office bleaching [OB-(Opalescence Boost)], at-home bleaching [HB-(Opalescence PF)], whitening toothpaste [WT-(Signal White Now)], and whitening mouthwash [WM-(Listerine Advanced White)]. ∆E00 , ∆TP00 , and ∆WID values were calculated before and after the whitening procedure with a spectrophotometer using the CIEDE2000 formula. Surface roughness measurements were repeated. The surface topography was determined using atomic force microscopy. Two- and three-way analyses of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test were performed, with p < 0.05 regarded as indicative of significance. No significant differences were detected among the resin composite materials in terms of the ΔE00 values (p > 0.05). Color change of all resin materials was above the AT threshold (>1.8) and the PT threshold (>0.8). All restorative materials presented acceptable (AT<2.62) TP00 values. Solidex specimens demonstrated the lowest WID values compared to the other composites. There were significant differences among the whitening procedures with respect to ΔE00 , ΔTP00 , and WID values (p < 0.001). SF/WT combination showed the highest and clinically unacceptable ΔE00 values. The highest roughness values were observed in the SDX specimens and the combination of SDX/OB. The effect of whitening agents on the optical characteristics and surface roughness of restorative materials depends on the type of material, agent, and time. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Clinicians should be aware that long-term use of over-the-counter products due to the abrasive effects of their ingredients and repeated bleaching session applications may affect the color stability and surface roughness of resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebru Delikan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Cengiz-Yanardag
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Izgen Karakaya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, European University of Lefke, Mersin10, Turkey
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Hazar A, Hazar E. Effects of different antiviral mouthwashes on the surface roughness, hardness, and color stability of composite CAD/CAM materials. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2024; 22:22808000241248886. [PMID: 38678374 DOI: 10.1177/22808000241248886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 preventive mouthwashes on the surface hardness, surface roughness (Ra), and color change (ΔE) of three different polymer-based composite CAD/CAM materials (Vita Enamic (ENA), Grandio Block (GB), Lava Ultimate (LU)). METHODS A total of 100 rectangular-shaped specimens with dimensions of 2 mm × 7 mm × 12 mm were obtained by sectioning three different CAD/CAM blocks and randomly divided into five subgroups according to the 30 days of mouthwash immersion protocol as follows: Control: artificial saliva, PVP-I: 1% povidone-iodine, HP: 1.5% hydrogen peroxide, CPC: mouthwash containing 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride, EO: mouthwash containing essential oils. Microhardness, Ra, and ΔE values were measured at baseline and after 30 days of immersion protocols. Data were analyzed using the Wald Chi-square, two-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey tests. RESULTS The independent factors (materials and solutions) significantly influenced the microhardness and color (p < 0.001). Ra of the materials was not affected by any of the mouthwashes (p > 0.05). The microhardness and color of each material varied significantly after immersion in PvP-I and HP (p < 0.05). The highest percentage change in microhardness, Ra, and ΔE was found in LU immersed in PvP-I and HP mouthwashes, while the lowest change was found in ENA groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, it was found that the surface hardness and color of tested polymer-based composite CAD/CAM materials are susceptible to degradation and change after 30 days of immersion in 1% PvP-I and 1.5% HP mouthwashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Hazar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ecehan Hazar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Azlisham NAF, Johari Y, Mohamad D, Yhaya MF, Mahmood Z. Degree of conversion and physicomechanical properties of newly developed flowable composite derived from rice husk using urethane dimethacrylate monomer. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2023; 237:1339-1347. [PMID: 38014749 DOI: 10.1177/09544119231208222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the use of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) as a base monomer to prepare the newly developed flowable composite (FC) using nanohybrid silica derived from rice husk in comparison to bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) on the degree of conversion and physicomechanical properties. The different loadings of base monomer to diluent monomer were used at the ratio of 40:60, 50:50, and 60:40. The bonding analysis confirmed the presence of nanohybrid silica in the newly developed FC. Independent t-test revealed a statistically significant increase in the degree of conversion, depth of cure and Vickers hardness of the UDMA-based FC, while surface roughness showed comparable results between the two base monomers. In conclusion, UDMA-based FC demonstrated superior performance with 60%-65% conversions, a significantly higher depth of cure exceeding 1 mm which complies with the Internal Standard of Organization 4049 (ISO 4049), and a substantial increase in Vickers hardness numbers compared to Bis-GMA-based FC, making UDMA a suitable alternative to Bis-GMA as a base monomer in the formulation of this newly developed FC derived from rice husk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Ain Fatihah Azlisham
- Unit of Biomaterials, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Yanti Johari
- Unit of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Dasmawati Mohamad
- Unit of Biomaterials, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Firdaus Yhaya
- Unit of Biomaterials, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zuliani Mahmood
- Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Mathias C, Gomes RS, Pfeifer CS, Pedreira PR, Damasceno JE, Marchi GM. Influence of bioactive particles and onium salt on the physicochemical properties of experimental infiltrants. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e088. [PMID: 37672421 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated physicochemical properties of experimental infiltrants after addition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp) or 58S bioactive glass (BAG) and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPI). The resin matrix was composed of TEGDMA/Bis-EMA (3:1), 0.5 mol% CQ, and 1 mol% EDAB. The blends received or not 0.5 mol% DPI and 10% wt BAG or HAp. Icon was used as commercial control. The groups were characterized by XRD, FT-IR spectrometry, and SEM before and after simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion for up to 7 days. Polymerization kinetics (n =3 ), water sorption and solubility (n=10), and viscosity (n = 3) were surveyed. For polymerization kinetics, the samples were polymerized for 5 min and the data were obtained from 40 s and 5 min. Statistical analysis was made using ANOVA and Tukey's test (a = 0.05). After 7 days of SBF immersion, XRD and FT-IR showed that the HAp crystalline phase was present only in the HAp groups. A lower degree of conversion (DC) and polymerization rate were observed for the Icon and BAG groups, whereas HAp showed higher values. For the BAG group, DPI increased polymerization rate and DC in 40 s. After 5 min, all groups presented DC above 80%. In groups with particles, the HAp groups exhibited higher viscosity, whereas DPI groups showed a decrease in viscosity. Icon had the highest water sorption. To conclude, BAG neither improved the physicochemical properties studied, nor did it show bioactive properties. The addition of DPI reduced viscosity caused by particle addition and also attenuated the DC decrease caused by BAG addition. The addition of bioactive particles to infiltrants should be seen with caution because they increase viscosity and may not bring major clinical improvements that justify their use. DPI might be indicated only if any component is added to the infiltrant to act as a compensation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mathias
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Soares Gomes
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Carmem Silvia Pfeifer
- Oregon Health and Science University, Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Priscila Regis Pedreira
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Janaina Emanuela Damasceno
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Giselle Maria Marchi
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Saiprasert P, Tansakul C, Pikulngam A, Promphet P, Naorungroj S, Ratanasathien S, Aksornmuang J, Talungchit S. Novel hydrolytic resistant antibacterial monomers for dental resin adhesive. J Dent 2023; 135:104597. [PMID: 37348643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the properties of novel hydrolytic resistant antibacterial monomers and to determine the properties of resin adhesives containing these monomers. METHODS Methacrylamide-based QAC (Quaternary Ammonium Compound) monomers, 1-(11-Methacryla-midoundecyl)pyridine-1-ium bromide (MAUPB) and 1-(12-Methacryl-amidododecyl)pyridine-1-ium bromide (MADPB), and their methacrylate-derivatives, N-(1-Methacryloylundecanyl)pyridinium bromide (MUPB) and N-(1-Methacryloyldodecanyl)pyridinium bromide (MDPB), were synthesized and characterized. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations were determined against S.mutans and E.faecalis. Cytotoxicity of unpolymerized monomers were evaluated using L-929 and MDPC-23. Each monomer was incorporated into experimental resins (BisGMA/TEGDMA/CQ/EDMAB or BisGMA/HEMA/CQ/EDMAB) at 10wt%. FTIR Spectra were collected for degree of conversion (DC%) measurement. Bacterial attachment on resin disks were determined by fluorescent microscope. Mechanical properties of experimental resins were evaluated by flexural strength & modulus and shear bond strength testing. RESULTS The antibacterial activity of MDPB≥MUPB>MADPB>MAUPB. The TC50 of MAUPB> MADPB>MUPB >MDPB. Incorporation of MAUPB in BisGMA/TEGDMA-based resin, had no significant effect on DC%, while significantly increase DC% in BisGMA/HEMA-based Resin. MUPB and MAUPB containing resins showed less viable bacterial attachment than pure resins. After 3-month storage, resins containing MAUPB illustrated higher flexural strength than their corresponding resins containing MUPB. BisGMA/HEMA-based resin containing MAUPB illustrated significantly higher resin-dentin shear bond strength than that of MUPB and pure resin. CONCLUSIONS Methacrylamide monomer containing QAC, MAUPB, possessed antibacterial properties and superior physical and mechanical properties when incorporated in resin adhesives as compared to their corresponding methacrylate monomer, MUPB. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Methacrylamide-based QAC monomers are potentially used to formulate antibacterial hydrolytic resistant resin adhesives and enhance resin-dentin bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piangkwan Saiprasert
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, 90112.
| | - Chittreeya Tansakul
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, 90112.
| | - Arthit Pikulngam
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, 90112.
| | - Prompat Promphet
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, 90112.
| | - Supawadee Naorungroj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, 90112.
| | - Somjin Ratanasathien
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, 90112.
| | - Juthatip Aksornmuang
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, 90112.
| | - Supitcha Talungchit
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, 90112.
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Moda MD, Dos Santos PH, Pini NIP, Furini LN, Briso ALF, Assmann A, Fagundes TC. Effects of Different Toothpastes on the Nanomechanical Properties and Chemical Composition of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement and Composite Resin Restorations. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:173. [PMID: 37504240 PMCID: PMC10378367 DOI: 10.3390/dj11070173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluates the effects of different toothpastes on the nanohardness and chemical compositions of restorative materials and dental surfaces. METHODS Bovine enamel (n = 72) and dentin (n = 72) blocks were obtained and restored using RMGIC (n = 36) or CR (n = 36) to create the following surfaces: dentin adjacent to RMGIC (DRMGIC), enamel adjacent to RMGIC (ERMGIC), dentin adjacent to CR (DCR), and enamel adjacent to CR (ECR). After restoration, one hemiface of each specimen was coated with an acid-resistant varnish to facilitate the creation of control (C) and eroded (E) sides; the latter were achieved by erosion-abrasion cycles as follows: erosion with 1% citric acid: 5 days, four times for 2 min each day; 1% citric acid/abrasion, two times for 15 s, followed by immersion in a toothpaste slurry for 2 min. Toothpastes without fluoride (WF; n = 12), with sodium fluoride (NaF; n = 12), and with stannous fluoride (SnF2; n = 12) were used for RMGIC or CR. The specimens were analyzed for nanohardness (H), and chemical composition using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman microscopy. The data were statistically analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Lower H values were obtained with NaF for DRMGIC-C, with a statistically significant difference from the H value obtained with WF (p < 0.05). The calcium and phosphorus concentrations in DCR-E were significantly lower with WF than with the other types of toothpaste (p < 0.05). Fluoride-containing toothpastes are capable of preserving the main chemical components of the dentin adjacent to the restorative materials under erosive-abrasive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Dias Moda
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute-Restorative Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Nubia Inocencya Pavesi Pini
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Negri Furini
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Fraga Briso
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
| | - André Assmann
- Department of Engineering and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Palotina 85950-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Ticiane Cestari Fagundes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
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Chabuk MMG, Al-Shamma AMW. Surface roughness and microhardness of enamel white spot lesions treated with different treatment methods. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18283. [PMID: 37539286 PMCID: PMC10395522 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyse the surface roughness and microhardness of artificial enamel white spot lesions before and after WSL formation, after treatment (Opalsutre™ microabrasion, Sylc® bioactive glass, and ICON® resin infiltration), and after pH cycling with the help of the profilometer surface roughness tester and the digital Vickers microhardness tester. Materials and methods Seventy-five extracted molars were used to acquire one hundred specimens. 50 specimens were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10) for the surface roughness study: 1) Sound group, 2) WSL group, 3) micro abrasion (MA; Opalustre, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA), 4) bioactive glass 45S5 Sylc powder (Sylc; Denfotex Research Ltd, Inverkeithing, UK), and 5) ICON resin infiltration (ICON; DMG, Hamburg, Germany). An additional 25 specimens were used to obtain 50 enamel slabs for the surface microhardness study, which were also assigned to the same groups. All groups underwent a final stage of pH cycling. Surface roughness and surface microhardness measurements were performed at different stages for all groups. Results Regarding surface roughness, ICON significantly reduced the surface roughness compared to Opalustre and Sylc, with no significant difference between Opalustre and Sylc. In terms of surface microhardness, ICON showed the highest improvement, followed by Sylc and then Opalustre. Both surface roughness and microhardness were significantly affected by demineralization, partially improved after treatment, and then regressed significantly after pH cycling. Conclusion ICON resin infiltrant can be considered as a superior treatment option for improving surface roughness and microhardness, while Opalustre demonstrated relatively the poorest performance compared to the other treatment options. It is noteworthy that the pH cycling procedure had an adverse impact irrespective of the treatment option used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina MG. Chabuk
- Corresponding author. Department of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad. Al-Mansour, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq.
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El-Rashidy AA, Shaalan O, Abdelraouf RM, Habib NA. Effect of immersion and thermocycling in different beverages on the surface roughness of single- and multi-shade resin composites. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:367. [PMID: 37287027 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resin composite restorations are highly esthetic restorations, which should have and maintain high surface polish. However, esthetic restorations are subjected to different beverages at variable temperatures, which may affect their surface roughness. This study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness of single-shade (Omnichroma) and multi-shade (Filtek Z350XT) composite materials, following aging by immersion and thermocycling in different beverages, simulating one year of clinical service. METHODS Thirty specimens of each material were prepared and divided into 6 subgroups (n = 5). In each material, the grouping of the specimens was as follows: the first subgroup was the as-prepared specimens stored dry without immersion or thermocycling. The second, third, and fourth subgroups were immersed in saliva, tea, and red wine, respectively, for 12 days at 37 °C. The fifth and sixth subgroups were thermocycled for 10,000 cycles, in tea (the fifth between 37 and 57 °C) and in red wine (the sixth between 37 °C and12°C). The resultant surface roughness was measured by two different methods, stylus profilometer and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Intergroup comparison was performed using independent t test, while intragroup comparison was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. RESULTS Intergroup comparison between both composites showed no statistically significant differences in all groups using the stylus profilometer roughness measurements (P>0.05), while the AFM measurements showed significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) within all storage media except the as-prepared control (P = 0.0645), where nanofilled Filtek Z350 XT showed lower nano-roughness. Intragroup comparison data were variable, depending on the material, aging conditions, and roughness assessment tool. However, the resultant average surface roughness (Ra) values in all groups did not exceed the threshold value of Ra 0.2 μm. CONCLUSIONS Both resin composites attained and retained a clinically acceptable surface finish after immersion and thermocycling in different beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiah A El-Rashidy
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Omar Shaalan
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Abdelraouf
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Nour A Habib
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Sreevarun M, Ajay R, Suganya G, Rakshagan V, Bhanuchander V, Suma K. Formulation, Configuration, and Physical Properties of Dental Composite Resin Containing a Novel 2π + 2π Photodimerized Crosslinker - Cinnamyl Methacrylate: An In Vitro Research. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:364-371. [PMID: 37534502 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To formulate and characterize the chemical structure of a new dental composite with photodimerized cinnamyl methacrylate (PD-CMA) photo-crosslinking comonomer and to evaluate the monomer-to-polymer conversion (MPC) and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the new composite copolymers. MATERIALS AND METHODS CMA was PD by ultraviolet C-type (UVC) irradiation. The research groups were a control group C0 without PD-CMA and two trial groups: E10 (10 wt. % PD-CMA substituted in the base comonomers (B) and diluent (D) mixture); E20 (20 wt.% PD-CMA completely replacing the diluent (D) monomer). Infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies were employed for ascertaining copolymerization (CP). The surface features and composition of the copolymers were explained by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, respectively. The MPC and Tg of the copolymers were assessed using FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Statistical tests were used to compare the groups. RESULTS The configuration of the new copolymers P (BD-Co-CMA) and P(B-Co-CMA) was confirmed. The MPC% and T g of the copolymers were better than the control. PD-CMA at 20 wt. % in the P (B-Co-CMA) copolymer exhibited the highest MPC% and Tg. CONCLUSION The incorporation of PD-CMA in the composite resin resulted in new P (BD-Co-CMA) and P (B-Co-CMA) copolymers with improved MPC% and Tg. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The substitution with PD-CMA offset the shortcomings of the conventional BD comonomers concerning the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the restorative composite resin. This might ameliorate the restorations in vivo longevity and serviceability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Sreevarun
- Department of Dentistry, Vinayaka Missions Medical College & Hospital (VMRF-DU), Karaikal, Puducherry, India
| | - Ranganathan Ajay
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +91 8754120490, e-mail:
| | - Ganesan Suganya
- Department of Pharmacology, Vinayaka Missions Medical College & Hospital (VMRF-DU), Karaikal, Puducherry, India
| | - Vikraman Rakshagan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vayadadi Bhanuchander
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Karthigeyan Suma
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Government Dental College, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Donmez MB, Çakmak G, Yılmaz D, Schimmel M, Abou-Ayash S, Yilmaz B, Peutzfeldt A. Bond strength of additively manufactured composite resins to dentin and titanium when bonded with dual-polymerizing resin cements. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00255-X. [PMID: 37183123 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Additively manufactured composite resins for definitive restorations have been recently introduced. The bond strength between these composite resins and different substrates has not been extensively studied. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to measure the shear bond strength (SBS) between additively manufactured composite resins and dentin and titanium substrates and compare those with the SBS between subtractively manufactured polymer-infiltrated ceramic and the same substrates (dentin and titanium), when different dual-polymerizing resin cements were used. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and eighty cylinder-shaped specimens (Ø5×5 mm) were prepared from 3 materials recommended for definitive restorations: an additively manufactured composite resin (Crowntec [CT]); an additively manufactured hybrid composite resin (VarseoSmile Crown Plus [VS]); and a subtractively manufactured polymer-infiltrated ceramic (Enamic [EN]) (n=60). Specimens were randomly divided into six subgroups to be cemented to the two substrates (dentin and titanium; n=30) with 1 of 3 resin cements (RelyX Universal, Panavia V5, and Variolink Esthetic DC) (n=10). The restoration surface to be bonded was treated according to the respective manufacturer's recommendations. Dentin surfaces were treated according to the resin cement (Scotchbond Universal Plus Adhesive for RelyX Universal, Panavia V5 Tooth Primer for Panavia V5, and Adhese Universal for Variolink Esthetic DC), while titanium surfaces were airborne-particle abraded, and only the specimens paired with Panavia V5 were treated with a ceramic primer (Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus). SBS was measured in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Failure modes were analyzed under a microscope at ×12 magnification. Data were analyzed by using 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference tests (α=.05). RESULTS When SBS to dentin was considered, only restorative material, as a main factor, had a significant effect (P<.001); EN had the highest SBS (P<.001), while the difference in SBS values of CT and VS was not significant (P=.145). As for SBS to titanium, the factors restorative material and resin cement and their interaction had a significant effect (P<.001). Within each resin cement, EN had the highest SBS to titanium (P<.001), and within each restorative material, Variolink resulted in the lowest SBS (P≤.010). Overall, EN and RelyX were associated with the highest SBS to titanium (P≤.013). Mixed failures were predominant in most groups. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the substrate or the resin cement used, the subtractively manufactured polymer-infiltrated ceramic had higher shear bond strength than the additively manufactured composite resins. The SBS of the additively manufactured composite resins, whether bonded to dentin or titanium, were not significantly different from each other. Regardless of the restorative material, Variolink DC resulted in the lowest SBS for titanium surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, İstanbul, Turkey; and Visiting Researcher, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Gülce Çakmak
- Senior Resarch Associate, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deniz Yılmaz
- Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Professor and Head, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and External Research Associate, Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samir Abou-Ayash
- Senior Lecturer and Head of the Section of Digital Implant and Reconstructive Dentistry, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Associate Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Associate Professor, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Adjunct Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anne Peutzfeldt
- Senior Researcher, Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Affiliate Professor, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abdollahpour S, Estedlal T, Chiniforush N, Rafeie N, Nikparto N, Abbasi M, Ranjbar Omrani L. Effect of Different Bleaching Methods on Monomer Release from Aged Microhybrid and Nanohybrid Resin Composites. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:2773879. [PMID: 37216177 PMCID: PMC10198759 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2773879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, the application of laser-assisted bleaching has increased in dental practice. This method might affect the physical and chemical properties of resin composite and its monomer release. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of in-office, at-home, and laser-assisted bleaching on the monomer release (bisphenol A diglycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)) from aged nanohybrid (Grandio, Voco) and microhybrid (Clearfil AP-X Esthetics, Kuraray) resin composites. Methods Thirty-two samples of each composite were prepared. The samples underwent aging procedure with UV light at 65°C for 100 hr. The samples were divided into 4 groups: OB: conventional in-office bleaching with Opalescence Boost PF 40% gel; HB: home bleaching with Opalescence PF 15% gel; LB: bleaching with JW Power bleaching gel followed by diode laser application; and C: control group without bleaching. Then, the samples were immersed in a solution containing 75% ethanol + 25% distilled water. The medium was renewed after 8, 16, 24 hr, and 7 days and was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography method to evaluate the monomer release. The data were analyzed using Two-way ANOVA and Post hoc Tukey test. Results The bleaching method had no effect on TEGDMA and BisGMA release in both composites while it affected UDMA release in nanohybrid composite; UDMA release was significantly higher in LB compared to control and also higher in OB and LB compared to HB. No difference was observed in the microhybrid composite in this regard. Conclusion Laser-assisted bleaching did not affect monomer release from microhybrid composite while it increased UDMA release from nanohybrid composite. The bleaching method had no effect on TEGDMA and BisGMA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Abdollahpour
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tarane Estedlal
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Department of Surgical Science and Integrated Diagnosis, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Niyousha Rafeie
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Nikparto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abbasi
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Ranjbar Omrani
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Masuda M, Hori M, Inukai J, Suzuki T, Imazato S, Kawai T. Intracellular stress caused by composite resins: An in vitro study using a bioluminescent antioxidant-responsive element reporter assay. J Conserv Dent 2023; 26:275-280. [PMID: 37398862 PMCID: PMC10309129 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_30_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Elucidating the effects of leachates from composite resins (CRs) on cells by examining the transcription level of detoxification genes and the antioxidant-responsive element (ARE), would be helpful in clinical practice. Aims The aim of the study is to investigate the cytotoxicity of commercially available CRs, we used a reporter assay system to evaluate intracellular stress based on ARE-mediated transcription. Setting and Design The study design was an in vitro study. Materials and Methods Seven kinds of CRs were each placed in four-well plates to which culture medium was added and then light-cured. The prepared samples were used either immediately (sample A) or after incubation at 37°C for 24 h (sample B) in the subsequent ARE-luciferase reporter assay, in which HepG2 cells stably expressing an ARE-regulated luciferase reporter gene (HepG2-AD13 cells) were cultured for 6 h in culture media with the CR eluate (samples A or B) or without (control) (n = 4). In the cell viability assay, cell viability in various solutions with the same incubation time was confirmed by MTT assay (n = 4). Statistical analysis was performed using the paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results All CR solutions showed an increase in ARE activation rate; a CR with spherical nanofillers showed the highest ARE activation rate of 108.5-fold in sample A. Cell viability was not significantly reduced for any of the CRs in sample A. However, the CR-containing bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) caused a significant decrease in cell viability in sample B. Conclusions The intracellular stress in the viable cells differed among the CRs, depending on the type of monomer used. In particular, Bis-GMA-containing hydroxyl groups showed high cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Masuda
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Aichi Gakuin University Junior College, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Dental Material Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Miki Hori
- Department of Dental Material Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junko Inukai
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Aichi Gakuin University Junior College, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Kawai
- Department of Dental Material Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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19
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Leyva Del Rio D, Johnston WM. Effect of monomer composition and filler fraction on surface microhardness and depth of cure of experimental resin composites. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12933. [PMID: 37121780 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated microhardness profiles and calculated depths of cure at 80% of the surface microhardness of experimental dental resin composites having different base monomer compositions and different filler fractions. Composites were prepared using four different base monomers (bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate [Bis-GMA], urethane dimethacrylate [UDMA], ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate [Bis-EMA], and Fit-852) with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) used as a co-monomer at three filler:resin matrix weight percent fractions (50:50, 60:40, and 70:30). Uncured material was placed in 3D printed molds and light cured for 40 s from the top surface only. Knoop microhardness was measured at the top of the specimen, and at every 0.5 mm up to 4 mm in depth. Microhardness at the surface increased in all experimental composites as the filler fraction increased. When comparing base monomers, microhardness was the highest in UDMA-based composites, while Bis-GMA-based composites showed the lowest values. When comparing depth of cure as a function of base monomer type, both Bis-GMA and Bis-EMA showed significantly lower values than UDMA or Fit-852. Composites having 50 wt% filler showed a significantly higher depth of cure than those with 60 and 70 wt% filler. Base monomer and filler fraction significantly influence microhardness and depth of cure in these experimental composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Leyva Del Rio
- The Ohio State University, College of Dentistry, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - William Michael Johnston
- The Ohio State University, College of Dentistry, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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20
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Száva DT, Száva I, Vlase S, Száva A. Experimental Investigations of the Dental Filling Materials: Establishing Elastic Moduli and Poisson's Ratios. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16093456. [PMID: 37176337 PMCID: PMC10180408 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the dental filling material (DFMs) strongly influence the lifetime and durability of the tooth reparation performed. Among the most significant mechanical characteristics, one has to mention the Poisson's ratio and the elastic modulus (Young's modulus). They, during the cyclic mastication load, can prevent or aid in the prevention of secondary dental decays by provoking micro-cracks, the de-bonding of the filling material from the natural dental tissue, as well as fatigue at the level of their interface. The authors performed a scoping analysis of the nowadays-involved experimental methods, together with a critical review, putting in evidence of their advantages and limits. Based on the developments, they propose a new approach in this sense by involving the electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI)/shearography high-accuracy optical method. They illustrate the advantages of this method in establishment of the elastic modulus, but they also propose a high-accuracy methodology in the estimation of Poisson's ratio. Based on the briefly-illustrated experimental results, one can conclude that ESPI/shearography can become a very useful tool for research, even though it is not a common (nowadays widely applied) method, such as three-point bending or strain gauge methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Tamás Száva
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Ioan Száva
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
| | - Sorin Vlase
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Technical Sciences, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrea Száva
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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21
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Gariani RA, Wodtke F, Boll FG, Xavier FR, Meier MM. New dimethacrylate monomers based on phenolphthalein and resveratrol for the application of dental materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 140:105701. [PMID: 36774763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Potential estrogenic effects and changes in fertility are some of the health problems associated with bisphenol A (BPA) derivatives used to produce some polymers, including dental materials that contain Bis-GMA. Those issues drove this study proposing the synthesis of methacrylate resveratrol and phenolphthalein monomers that, combined with diluent monomers, generate copolymers. Their key characteristics were determined and analyzed on the chemical structure-property perspective considering monomer planarity and flexibility based on molecular dynamic simulations. METHODS Methacrylate resveratrol ((E)-5-(4-(methacryloyloxy)styryl)-1,3-phenylenebis(2-methylacrylate)), EMPM) and methacrylate phenolphthalein ((3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1,1-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene)bis(2-methylacrylate)), DIFPM) were synthesized through the reaction of precursors with methacryloyl chloride. After monomers purification and spectroscopic characterization (FTIR and NMR), the following copolymers were produced: DIFPM/TEGDMA and Bis-GMA/TEGDMA, EMPM/HEMA and Bis-GMA/HEMA. Microhardness, degree of conversion, water sorption and contact angle data were statistically analyzed through one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS The DIFPM molecular structure's reduced flexibility proved to be an important factor to inhibit TEGDMA cyclization. In turn, the EMPM molecule's high planarity modified the spatial organization of the HEMA copolymer, altering the water diffusion and, therefore, the water sorption when compared to Bis-GMA copolymers. CONCLUSION The scientific findings contribute to better understand the effect of monomer chemical structures, molecular geometry, and planarity on some physicochemical properties of copolymers. Knowledge that can contribute to the design of new monomers to replace Bis-GMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Aparecido Gariani
- Laboratório de Síntese e Catálise - SINCA, Department of Chemistry, Santa Catarina State University, Joinville, SC 89219-710, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Wodtke
- Laboratório de Síntese e Catálise - SINCA, Department of Chemistry, Santa Catarina State University, Joinville, SC 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Fabrine Gaedke Boll
- Laboratório de Síntese e Catálise - SINCA, Department of Chemistry, Santa Catarina State University, Joinville, SC 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Fernando Roberto Xavier
- Laboratório de Síntese e Catálise - SINCA, Department of Chemistry, Santa Catarina State University, Joinville, SC 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Marcia Margarete Meier
- Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Polímeros - NIPOL, Department of Chemistry, Santa Catarina State University, Joinville, SC 89219-710, Brazil.
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22
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Pieniak D, Niewczas AM, Pikuła K, Gil L, Krzyzak A, Przystupa K, Kordos P, Kochan O. Effect of Hydrothermal Factors on the Microhardness of Bulk-Fill and Nanohybrid Composites. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2130. [PMID: 36903245 PMCID: PMC10004216 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of aging in artificial saliva and thermal shocks on the microhardness of the bulk-fill composite compared to the nanohybrid composite. Two commercial composites, Filtek Z550 (3M ESPE) (Z550) and Filtek Bulk-Fill (3M ESPE) (B-F), were tested. The samples were exposed to artificial saliva (AS) for one month (control group). Then, 50% of the samples from each composite were subjected to thermal cycling (temperature range: 5-55 °C, cycle time: 30 s, number of cycles: 10,000) and another 50% were put back into the laboratory incubator for another 25 months of aging in artificial saliva. The samples' microhardness was measured using the Knoop method after each stage of conditioning (after 1 month, after 10,000 thermocycles, after another 25 months of aging). The two composites in the control group differed considerably in hardness (HK = 89 for Z550, HK = 61 for B-F). After thermocycling, the microhardness decrease was for Z550 approximately 22-24% and for B-F approximately 12-15%. Hardness after 26 months of aging decreased for Z550 (approximately 3-5%) and B-F (15-17%). B-F had a significantly lower initial hardness than Z550, but it showed an approximately 10% lower relative reduction in hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pieniak
- Tribology Center, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute for Sustainable Technologies (L-ITEE), Ul. Pułaskiego 6/10, 26-600 Radom, Poland
- Faculty of Transport and Computer Science, WSEI University, Projektowa 4, 20-209 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata M. Niewczas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, W. Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Konrad Pikuła
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, W. Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Leszek Gil
- Faculty of Transport and Computer Science, WSEI University, Projektowa 4, 20-209 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Krzyzak
- Faculty of Aeronautics, Military University of Aviation in Dęblin, 35 Dywizjonu 303, 08-521 Deblin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Przystupa
- Department of Automation, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Kordos
- Institute of Transport, Combustion Engines and Ecology, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Orest Kochan
- School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- Department of Measuring Information Technologies, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bandery Str. 12, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
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23
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Nascimento Batista JM, Sinhoreti MAC, Alves Fraga MA, Manoel da Silva MV, Correr AB, Roulet JF, Geraldeli S. Effect of preheating on mechanical properties of a resin-based composite containing elastomeric urethane monomer. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 141:105758. [PMID: 36934689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of preheating an elastomeric urethane monomer (Exothane-24) experimental resin composite on its physicochemical properties. Two resin matrices were formulated: (a) 50 wt% Bisphenol-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and 50 wt% triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA); and (b) 20 wt% Exothane-24, 40 wt% Bis-GMA and 40 wt% TEGDMA. A photoinitiator system (0.25 wt% camphorquinone and 0.50 wt% ethyl-4-dimethylamino benzoate) and 65 wt% of the inorganic filler (20 wt% 0.05 μm silica and 80 wt% 0.7 μm BaBSiO2 glass) were added to both matrices. These formulations were then assigned to four groups: Exothane-24 (E); Exothane-24 plus preheating (EH); no Exothane-24 (NE); and no Exothane-24 plus preheating (NEH). NEH and EH were preheated at 69 °C. The dependent variables were as follows: film thickness (FT); polymerization shrinkage stress (PSS); gap width (GW); maximum rate of polymerization (Rpmax); and degree of conversion (DC). Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Preheating reduced FT for both composites. PSS and GW were significantly lower for EH, when compared with E. The DC for EH and NEH and the Rpmax for EH increased significantly. Preheating improved most of the physicochemical properties (FT, PSS, GW, and DC) of the experimental resin composite containing Exothane-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos Nascimento Batista
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - May Anny Alves Fraga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Manoel da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Américo Bortolazzo Correr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean-François Roulet
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Saulo Geraldeli
- Division of Biomedical Materials, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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24
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Yu SY, He X, Tian ZL, Li KX, Chen H, Wang HM, Shi ZS, Zhu S, Cui ZC. Effect of Collagen-Reactive Functional Monomer on Etch-and-Rinse Adhesives. J Dent Res 2023; 102:287-294. [PMID: 36474440 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221134278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated a novel functional monomer (4-formylphenyl acrylate [FA]) that can specifically and covalently bind to the dentin collagen matrix as a potential alternative hydrophobic diluent-like monomer for improving the durability of dentin bonding. Experimental adhesives with different FA contents (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) were evaluated as partial substituents for the hydrophilic monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, with the commercial adhesive One-Step (Bisco, Inc.) employed as the positive control. Their degree of conversion, viscosity, hydrophobicity, mechanical properties, and water absorption/solubility were measured as the comprehensive characterization. In situ zymographic assays were performed to determine the extent to which FA inhibits the endogenous hydrolytic activity of dentin. Finally, the bonding performances of the novel adhesives were evaluated with microtensile strength tests and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the incorporation of FA significantly improved the mobility of experimental adhesives attributable to the dilution property of FA. In contrast to the possible compromised rate of polymerization by hydroxyethyl methacrylate, FA exhibited typical characteristics of favorable copolymerization with polymerizable monomers in adhesives and improved the degree of conversion of experimental adhesives. The rigidity and hydrophobic properties of the phenyl framework of the FA molecule conferred superior mechanical properties and hydrolysis resistance to the novel experimental adhesives. An inhibitory effect on gelatinolytic activities within the hybrid layer was also observed in the in situ zymographic assays, even at a low FA concentration (10%). In conjunction with the significantly improved infiltration found via scanning electron microscopy, the experimental adhesives containing FA possessed significantly better-maintained microtensile strength, even after aging. Thus, the incorporation of this novel monomer endowed the experimental adhesives with multiple enhanced functionalities. These remarkable advantages highlight the suitability of the monomer for further applications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Yu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X He
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Z L Tian
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - K X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structures and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - H M Wang
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Z S Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structures and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - S Zhu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Z C Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structures and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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25
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Szczesio-Wlodarczyk A, Barszczewska-Rybarek IM, Chrószcz-Porębska MW, Kopacz K, Sokolowski J, Bociong K. Can Modification with Urethane Derivatives or the Addition of an Anti-Hydrolysis Agent Influence the Hydrolytic Stability of Resin Dental Composite? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36901766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the questionable durability of dental restorations, there is a need to increase the lifetime of composite restoration. The present study used diethylene glycol monomethacrylate/4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (DEGMMA/CHMDI), diethylene glycol monomethacrylate/isophorone diisocyanate (DEGMMA/IPDI) monomers, and bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)carbodiimide (CHINOX SA-1) as modifiers of a polymer matrix (40 wt% urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), 40 wt% bisphenol A ethoxylateddimethacrylate (bis-EMA), and 20 wt% triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)). Flexural strength (FS), diametral tensile strength (DTS), hardness (HV), sorption, and solubility were determined. To assess hydrolytic stability, the materials were tested before and after two aging methods (I-7500 cycles, 5 °C and 55 °C, water and 7 days, 60 °C, 0.1 M NaOH; II-5 days, 55 °C, water and 7 days, 60 °C, 0.1 M NaOH). The aging protocol resulted in no noticeable change (median values were the same as or higher than the control value) or a decrease in the DTS value from 4 to 28%, and a decrease in the FS value by 2 to 14%. The hardness values after aging were more than 60% lower than those of the controls. The used additives did not improve the initial (control) properties of the composite material. The addition of CHINOX SA-1 improved the hydrolytic stability of composites based on UDMA/bis-EMA/TEGDMA monomers, which could potentially extend the service life of the modified material. Extended studies are needed to confirm the possible use of CHINOX SA-1 as an antihydrolysis agent in dental composites.
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Kudo H, Wakabayashi K, Sasaki JI, Tamiya S, Ishigaki S. Fracture strength and behavior of resin-faced CAD/CAM anterior crowns. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:86-91. [PMID: 36288943 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The fracture strength and behavior of a novel resin-faced computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) crown were investigated to evaluate application to the anterior teeth. Resin-faced CAD/CAM crowns were fabricated by arranging a resin composite on a frame prepared from a CAD/CAM resin block. The fracture strength was evaluated after 24 h of complete polymerization (day 0) and after water immersion for 30 days (day 30). Uniaxial loading was applied to the center point between the incisal edge and cingulum (loading point 1) or at 1.5 mm from the incisal edge (loading point 2). There was no significant difference in the fracture strength of the resin-faced CAD/CAM crowns between day 0 and 30 at loading point 1. At loading point 2, they exhibited decreased fracture strength after water immersion; however, the mean strength was still >1 kN. This novel crown showed good mechanical properties to serve as a prosthesis for the anterior teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kudo
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | | | - Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Shingo Tamiya
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Shoichi Ishigaki
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
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27
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Mazzitelli C, Paolone G, Sabbagh J, Scotti N, Vichi A. Color Stability of Resin Cements after Water Aging. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36771956 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The color stability of resin cements plays a key role in the achievement of esthetically-pleasant restorations. Resin luting materials can be mainly divided into two main classes: adhesive (relying on previous application of adhesive systems) or self-adhesive (also known as one-step cements). The different chemical compositions determine their physio-mechanical characteristics which, in turns, influence their color stability. To evaluate the color variations of different dual-cured resin cements after water aging, 80 disc-shaped specimens (15 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm thick) were obtained from the following resin cements (n = 10): (1) Maxcem Elite Universal, MCU (Kerr); (2) RelyX Universal, RXU (3M); (3) Calibra Ceram, CAL (Dentsply); (4) Multilink, MUL (Ivoclar-Vivadent); (5) Panavia V5, PAN (Kuraray); (6) Calibra Universal, CUN (Dentsply); (7) SpeedCEM Plus, SCP (Ivoclar); and (8) Panavia SA, PSA (Kuraray). After light-polymerization, the specimens were measured with a spectrophotometer and CIELab* values were recorded. The specimens were then placed in a digitally controlled thermostatic water bath at 60° for 30 days and afterwards the color measurements were repeated. Color differences were calculated for each specimen before and after water-aging procedures with ΔEab formula and the data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). The type of cement statistically influenced the ΔEab (p < 0.05), with MCU showing the lowest color variations (4.3 ± 0.7) whereas RXU and PSA the highest (16.9 ± 1.6 and 16.8 ± 1.2, respectively). No differences were observed between CAL, CUN and SCP (p = 0.05). Color stability is related to the chemical composition of the resinous luting materials, thus material dependent.
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28
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Raju, Loy CW, Cho K, Farrar P, Prusty BG. Design and tribological performance of short S-Glass fibre reinforced biocomposites on the influence of fibre length and concentration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1397. [PMID: 36697465 PMCID: PMC9876894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibre-reinforced biocomposites usage has gained prominence over the past decade. Although higher fracture toughness was observed when fibres were added to biocomposites, material degradation could occur due to filler and fibre content intolerance in the biocomposite matrix. Optimisation of resin-fibre-filler ratios helps in increasing the tribological performance of high load-bearing applications. However, the tribological performance is less understood due to limited in-vitro studies on the effect of fibre microstructures. A comprehensive investigation of the reciprocating and rotary wear behaviour of different compositions was carried out by varying fibre (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%) to particulate filler (40%, 45%, 50%, and 55%) weight fractions. The investigation aimed to identify the optimal composition of fibre-reinforced biocomposites based on the in-vitro ball-on-disc reciprocating and rotary wear tests in the presence of modified Fusayama solution. The cross-sectional areas of wear tracks were analysed using laser microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques to assess the surface morphology and subsurface damage of the wear tracks on biocomposites and the antagonist. The numerical results were statistically analysed using two-way ANOVA followed by a posthoc Tukey's test (p = 0.05). The results showed a combination of adhesive, abrasive and fatigue wear for all the tested Groups. The friction coefficient had a longer transient period for the 5 wt% and 10 wt% Groups. Based on the surface roughness, coefficient of friction, SEMs, specific wear rate, and ease of manufacturing, the threshold limit for fibre loading was found to be 10 wt%. The rotary test had a considerably lower specific wear rate compared to the reciprocating test. Fibre weight fraction was found to be the influencing factor of the abrasive wear behaviour compared to fibre length for the tested Groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,ARC Training Centre for Automated Manufacture of Advanced Composites, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Chee Wah Loy
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kiho Cho
- Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul Farrar
- SDI Limited, Bayswater, VIC, 3153, Australia
| | - B Gangadhara Prusty
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Automated Manufacture of Advanced Composites, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Paolone G, Mandurino M, De Palma F, Mazzitelli C, Scotti N, Breschi L, Gherlone E, Cantatore G, Vichi A. Color Stability of Polymer-Based Composite CAD/CAM Blocks: A Systematic Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36679343 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review aims to evaluate the color stability of resin composite CAD/CAM blocks (CCB) when submitted to staining solutions. METHODS A systematic search was performed on different databases (Embase, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science). Search terms were: 'polymer infiltrated', 'polymer-based', 'resin nanoceramic', 'resin ceramic', 'hybrid composite', 'hybrid ceramic', 'composite ceramic', 'resin infiltrated', 'CAD-CAM', 'CAD/CAM', 'color stability', 'staining', 'staining susceptibility', 'color change', 'color difference'. INCLUSION CRITERIA in vitro articles published in the English language until 18 September 2022 without initial time restriction evaluating the color stability of CCB when submitted to staining solutions. EXCLUSION CRITERIA studies investigating color change induced by smoke or whitening treatments; studies not including a clinical evaluation of the results using the thresholds for color perceptibility and acceptability. Risk of bias assessment using the QUIN tool. FINDINGS Out of the 378 initially retrieved articles, 19 were included in this review. They investigated 17 different CCBs and different artificial staining by liquid protocols, including coffee, red wine, tea, and cola. CCBs exceeded clinical acceptability thresholds for color shift in 18 out of 19 studies, with a significantly higher color stability than conventional hybrid resin-based composites (RBCs), and a significantly lower color stability than ceramic materials. The identified differences in CCBs in color stability can be attributed to the material's composition, but also to the heterogeneity of staining procedures. Interpretation and clinical implication: Clinicians should be aware that, although to a lower degree when compared to RBCs used in direct or indirect procedures, CCBs undergo color changes to a higher degree in comparison to ceramic materials.
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MAIA TS, LIMA TD, RAMOS VM, FARIA-E-SILVA AL, MENEZES MDS. Effect of modeling liquids on resin composite roughness and color parameters after staining and toothbrushing. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e024. [PMID: 37018806 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated surface roughness, color stability, whitening index, and opacity of different types of modeling liquids for resin composite coating after exposure to staining and toothbrushing. Disc-shaped resin composite (Vittra APS, FGM) specimens were fabricated and divided into four groups (n = 10 each): control group, Composite Wetting resin (Ultradent Products), Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose adhesive (3M ESPE), and Adper Universal adhesive (3M ESPE). Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a rugosimeter, while color stability (∆E00), whitening index (WI), and opacity (%) were measured using a spectrophotometer. Assessments were made at four time points: after polishing (baseline, T1), after immersion in red wine for 24 h (T2), and after 5,000 (T3) and 10,000 (T4) cycles of toothbrushing. Scanning electron microscopy images were captured to analyze the scratches created. The data were statistically analyzed by two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey's honestly significant difference tests (α = .05). Modeling with the Wetting resin resulted in higher surface roughness (p < 0.05) and low color stability, which were attributable to porosities. Higher color change values were observed in the control group after staining. Both adhesives showed the lowest mean ΔE00 values (p < 0.005). WI decreased after staining, except with the use of the Universal adhesive (p < 0.005). The lowest opacity values were observed at baseline for all groups (p < 0.005). The Universal and Scotchbond adhesives had lower surface roughness, better color stability, higher WI, and the lowest opacity values after staining with red wine and toothbrushing.
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Szalewski L, Wójcik D, Sofińska-Chmiel W, Kuśmierz M, Różyło-Kalinowska I. How the Duration and Mode of Photopolymerization Affect the Mechanical Properties of a Dental Composite Resin. Materials (Basel) 2022; 16:ma16010113. [PMID: 36614452 PMCID: PMC9820875 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Composite materials are the most common materials in use in modern dentistry. Over the years, the methods of photopolymerization of composite materials have been improved with the use of various devices, such as quartz tungsten halogen lamps (QTHs), light-emitting diode units (LEDs), plasma-arc lamps and argon-ion lasers. This study aimed to compare the mechanical properties of a composite material, depending on the time and mode of photopolymerization. One hundred and forty rectangular specimens (25 × 2 × 2 mm) and forty-two disc-shaped samples (5 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) were prepared from shade A2 Boston composite resin. Samples were cured using the following seven photopolymerization protocols: four fast-cure modes (full power for 3, 5, 10, and 20 s), two pulse-cure modes (5 and 10 shots of 1 s exposures at full power), and one step-cure mode (soft start with a progressive cycle lasting 9 s). Specimens were subjected to a flexural strength test, Vickers microhardness test, and FTIR spectroscopy test. A 2-factor ANOVA and post-hoc tests were carried out to assess the differences in the flexural strength parameter between the tested groups of samples before and after aging. A mixed-model ANOVA was carried out to assess the differences in the Vickers microhardness parameter between the tested groups of samples before and after aging. The lowest values of flexural strength (p < 0.001) and Vickers microhardness (p < 0.001) were obtained for the 3 s mode for the pre- and post-aging groups. The FTIR mapping tests showed a much more homogeneous chemical structure of the composite after 20 s of continuous irradiation, compared to the sample irradiated for 5 s in the continuous mode. The mode and cure time affects the mechanical properties of the composite resin. Appropriate selection of the cure mode and time ensures better mechanical properties of composite resin. This suggests that the survival of dental restorations within the oral cavity could be extended by using longer photopolymerization durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Szalewski
- Digital Dentistry Lab., Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiodiagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Wójcik
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Kuśmierz
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ingrid Różyło-Kalinowska
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiodiagnostics with Digital Dentistry Lab., Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Mazzitelli C, Josic U, Maravic T, Mancuso E, Goracci C, Cadenaro M, Mazzoni A, Breschi L. An Insight into Enamel Resin Infiltrants with Experimental Compositions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245553. [PMID: 36559920 PMCID: PMC9782164 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin infiltration is a conservative treatment of initial enamel carious lesions. Only one infiltrant material is available on the market (Icon, DMG), and research is now investigating new chemical compositions so as to further exploit the benefits of the resin infiltration technique. A literature search of the articles testing the effects of different formulations on mechanical properties, resin penetration ability, remineralizing, and antibacterial activities was conducted. Of 238 articles, 29 resulted in being eligible for the literature review. The formulations investigated were all different and consisted in the inclusion of hydrophobic monomers (i.e., BisEMA, UDMA), solvents (ethanol, HEMA), alternative etchants (PAM) or molecules with antibacterial or bioactivity features (i.e., AgNP, YbF3, MTZ, chitosan, DMAMM, HAp, MC-IL, NACP, PUA, CHX) and microfilled resins. Information on the long-term performances of the tested experimental materials were scarce. The combination of TEGDMA with hydrophobic monomers and the inclusion of a solvent alternative to ethanol reinforced mechanical properties of the materials. Hybrid-glass materials demonstrated an enhanced remineralization capacity. Techniques such as tunnelization increased the penetration depth and preserved the recourse to less-conservative treatments. Combining the min-invasive infiltrant approach with remineralizing and bacteriostatic properties would be beneficial for therapeutic and economical aspects, according to the principles of minimally invasive dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mazzitelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Uros Josic
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tatjana Maravic
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Edoardo Mancuso
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Goracci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Milena Cadenaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34125 Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Annalisa Mazzoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40125 Bologna, Italy
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Comeau P, Burgess J, Qomi NR, Lee A, Manso A. The antimicrobial, physical, and chemical properties of a riboflavin-loaded dental resin intended for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103124. [PMID: 36602068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries remain a significant global health challenge. Unfortunately, current dental materials lack sufficient antimicrobial power to address the pathogenic species involved in this disease. In this study the potential to load a dental resin blend (RB) with riboflavin (B2) for use in an antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) approach was investigated. METHODS B2 was added to our experimental RB (0.1 - 10 wt%). Upon investigating the degree of conversion and specimen integrity of the RB as a function of B2 concentration, it was determined that loading should be restricted to 0.1, 1.0, and 1.5 wt%. Subsequent investigation included water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL), as well as shear bond strength (SBS) and flexural strength (FS) of the specimens after 24 h and 28-day water storage. Lastly, the antimicrobial response of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm following 6 h growth and 60 s of blue LED light (1.3 J/cm2) in an aPDT-based approach was measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Adding up to 1.5 wt% B2 had minimal impact on the FS or SBS of the RB. However, aging for 28-days notably increased the FS by as much as 50% for the 1.5 wt% B2-loaded RB. In addition, adding 1.5 wt% B2 resulted in a significant reduction in WS/SL of the RB. Lastly, while adding B2 did not change the antimicrobial response, this was an initial study under these conditions and future investigation will seek to optimize light parameters to produce a more agonistic response. Overall, a riboflavin-loaded dental resin shows significant promise for utilization in restorative dentistry with aPDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Comeau
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, room #352, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Julia Burgess
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, room #352, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Negar Rezqi Qomi
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, room #352, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Aidan Lee
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, room #352, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Adriana Manso
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, room #352, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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El-Rashidy AA, Abdelraouf RM, Habib NA. Effect of two artificial aging protocols on color and gloss of single-shade versus multi-shade resin composites. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:321. [PMID: 35915423 PMCID: PMC9341039 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term color stability and gloss retention of resin composites are among the crucial factors that affect the clinical longevity of esthetic restorations, especially in anterior teeth. This study evaluated the effect of artificial aging by immersion in different storage media and thermocycling on color and gloss of dental single-shade resin composite (Omnichroma) versus multi-shade one (Filtek Z350XT). One hundred resin-composite disc-shaped specimens were used, 50 from each group, Omnichroma and Filtek Z350XT. Ten specimens from each material acted as control group (incubated in saliva). For each material, 40 specimens were divided according to the artificial-aging protocol (immersion at 37 °C for 12 days or thermocycling for 10,000 cycles) and storage media (tea, red wine). Color and gloss were measured before and after artificial aging. Color difference (∆E00) was compared with perceptibility threshold and acceptability threshold. Data were statistically analyzed; independent t test was used to compare results between two tested materials, while two-way ANOVA was used to compare results among the different immersion media within the same material. Artificial aging (immersion or thermocycling) in tea and red wine led to significant color changes and gloss reduction in both materials (P < 0.05), in contrast to control group. Red wine produced highest color differences. Both dental resin-composites; the single-shade (Omnichroma) and multi-shade (Filtek Z350XT) displayed unacceptable discoloration and gloss reduction after artificial-aging in tea and red-wine by immersion or thermocycling simulating one-year clinical-service.
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Vidakis N, Petousis M, Papadakis VM, Mountakis N. Multifunctional Medical Grade Resin with Enhanced Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties: The Effect of Copper Nano-Inclusions in Vat Polymerization (VPP) Additive Manufacturing. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040258. [PMID: 36412900 PMCID: PMC9680439 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vat photopolymerization (VPP) is an additive manufacturing process commonly used in medical applications. This work aims, for the first time in the literature, to extend and enhance the performance of a commercial medical-grade resin for the VPP process, with the development of nanocomposites, using Copper (Cu) nanoparticles as the additive at two different concentrations. The addition of the Cu nanoparticles was expected to enhance the mechanical properties of the resin and to enable biocidal properties on the nanocomposites since Cu is known for its antibacterial performance. The effect of the Cu concentration was investigated. The nanocomposites were prepared with high-shear stirring. Specimens were 3D printed following international standards for mechanical testing. Their thermal and spectroscopic response was also investigated. The morphological characteristics were examined. The antibacterial performance was evaluated with an agar well diffusion screening process. The experimental results were analyzed with statistical modeling tools with two control parameters (three levels each) and eleven response parameters. Cu enhanced the mechanical properties in all cases studied. 0.5 wt.% Cu nanocomposite showed the highest improvement (approximately 11% in tensile and 10% in flexural strength). The antibacterial performance was sufficient against S. aureus and marginal against E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nectarios Vidakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810379227
| | - Markos Petousis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassilis M. Papadakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Mountakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
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Yang S, Sui B, Cui Y, Liu X, Sun J, Wang J. A novel dental infiltration resin based on isosorbide-derived dimethacrylate with high biocompatibility, hydrolysis resistance, and antibacterial effect. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1049894. [PMID: 36440443 PMCID: PMC9685411 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1049894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The available infiltration resin has raised biosafety and treatment stability concerns because of the cytotoxicity of the main component, TEGDMA, and its susceptibility to hydrolysis in the oral environment. This study aimed to develop a TEGDMA-free infiltration resin to overcome these drawbacks. Methods: Using the synthetic bioderived monomer bis(methacrylate) isosorbide (IBM) and the zwitterionic compound 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), a novel infiltrant IBMA was developed and preferentially selected. We investigated the performance of the IBMA resin regarding cytotoxicity, antibiofilm adhesion, and hydrolysis resistance and further verified its ability to restore the demineralized enamel and stability of the infiltrated area under artificial aging conditions. Results: Compared with the commercial TEGDMA-based infiltration resin ICON, IBMA not only demonstrated similar enamel morphologic and esthetic restorative effects in chalky lesions but also exhibited favorable cell viability, durable Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilm-repellent performance, and higher enamel microhardness (204.0 ± 5.12 HV) of the infiltrated enamel. Specifically, because of the high crosslink density [(47.77 ± 5.76) ×103 mol/mm3] and low water sorption [12.79 ± 2.56 µg/mm3] of the polymer network, the IBMA resin was more resistant to hydrolysis than ICON, which prevents the disruption of the infiltrant's micropore-blocking effect after aging. Enamel lesions treated with IBMA demonstrated good color stability after the tea-staining challenge, which was significantly better than that in the ICON group. Conclusion: Based on these findings, the IBMA resin exhibits favorable cell viability, hydrolysis resistance, and biofilm-repellent properties, which alleviates the defects of traditional TEGDMA systems. Therefore, it is a better alternative for microinvasive treatment involving early caries and enamel whitish discoloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai, China
| | - Baiyan Sui
- Department of Dental Materials, Shanghai Biomaterials Research and Testing Center, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinan Cui
- Department of Dental Materials, Shanghai Biomaterials Research and Testing Center, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Dental Materials, Shanghai Biomaterials Research and Testing Center, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Dental Materials, Shanghai Biomaterials Research and Testing Center, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai, China
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Bonyár A, Szalóki M, Borók A, Rigó I, Kámán J, Zangana S, Veres M, Rácz P, Aladi M, Kedves MÁ, Szokol Á, Petrik P, Fogarassy Z, Molnár K, Csete M, Szenes A, Tóth E, Vas D, Papp I, Galbács G, Csernai LP, Biró TS, Kroó N, Collaboration NAPLIFE. The Effect of Femtosecond Laser Irradiation and Plasmon Field on the Degree of Conversion of a UDMA-TEGDMA Copolymer Nanocomposite Doped with Gold Nanorods. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113575. [PMID: 36362358 PMCID: PMC9657072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the effects of femtosecond laser irradiation and doping with plasmonic gold nanorods on the degree of conversion (DC) of a urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)–triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) nanocomposite were investigated. The UDMA-TEGDMA photopolymer was prepared in a 3:1 weight ratio and doped with dodecanethiol- (DDT) capped gold nanorods of 25 × 75 or 25 × 85 nm nominal diameter and length. It was found that the presence of the gold nanorods alone (without direct plasmonic excitation) can increase the DC of the photopolymer by 6–15%. This increase was found to be similar to what could be achieved with a control heat treatment of 30 min at 180 °C. It was also shown that femtosecond laser impulses (795 nm, 5 mJ pulse energy, 50 fs pulse length, 2.83 Jcm−2 fluence), applied after the photopolymerization under a standard dental curing lamp, can cause a 2–7% increase in the DC of undoped samples, even after thermal pre-treatment. The best DC values (12–15% increase) were obtained with combined nanorod doping and subsequent laser irradiation close to the plasmon resonance peak of the nanorods (760–800 nm), which proves that the excited plasmon field can directly facilitate double bond breakage (without thermoplasmonic effects due to the short pulse length) and increase the crosslink density independently from the initial photopolymerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University for Economics and Informatics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-(1)-4632758
| | - Melinda Szalóki
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Borók
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University for Economics and Informatics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Rigó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Kámán
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shereen Zangana
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University for Economics and Informatics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Veres
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Rácz
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Aladi
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ágnes Szokol
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Petrik
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science (MFA), 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Fogarassy
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science (MFA), 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kolos Molnár
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Csete
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Szenes
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emese Tóth
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dávid Vas
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Papp
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Galbács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László P. Csernai
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Tamás S. Biró
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Kroó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1051 Budapest, Hungary
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Paiva MF, Rizk M, Pessan JP, Kreutz M, Rohland B, Biehl R, Stadler A, Stellbrink J, Wiegand A. Material properties and bioactivity of a resin infiltrant functionalized with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1900-1909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang X, Ma X, Liao M, Liu F, Wei Q, Shi Z, Mai S, He J. Properties of Bis-GMA free bulk-filled resin composite based on high refractive index monomer Bis-EFMA. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Arkoy S, Ulusoy M. Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Repair Bond Strength of CAD/CAM Resin-Matrix Ceramics. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6314. [PMID: 36143627 PMCID: PMC9505560 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different surface treatment methods on the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of resin-matrix ceramic (RMC) blocks repaired with resin composite. Three different prefabricated RMC blocks including Lava Ultimate (LU), Grandio Blocs (GB), and Shofu Block HC (HC) were thermo-cycled and divided into five surface treatment groups: Control (C), bur grinding (G), airborne particle abrasion (APA), Er,Cr:YSGG laser irritation (LI), and APA combined with LI (APA+LI). After surface treatments, topographic alterations were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Then, Universal Adhesive (Single Bond Universal) was applied and repair was simulated with nanohybrid composite (Grandio SO). Bonded specimens were cut into 1 mm2 sized beams (n = 16) and a μTBS test was conducted by using a universal test machine. Fracture types were evaluated by using a stereomicroscope. The bond- strength data was evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test (α = 0.05). The μTBS values were significantly affected by the surface treatment variable and the interaction terms of the variables (p ≤ 0.001). However, no significant effect of RMC type was detected (p > 0.05). Among all materials, GBAPA+LI indicated the highest µTBS value. Except for the GBC, all surface treatments showed clinically acceptable bond-strength values. However, the surface treatments applied to GB and LU before the repair processes increased the repair bond-strength values while causing a negative effect for HC. In addition, LI and APA+LI can be applied as an alternative route compared to other procedures recommended by the manufacturer for surface preparation in intraoral RMC repair.
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Chrószcz-Porębska MW, Barszczewska-Rybarek IM, Chladek G. Characterization of the Mechanical Properties, Water Sorption, and Solubility of Antibacterial Copolymers of Quaternary Ammonium Urethane-Dimethacrylates and Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15165530. [PMID: 36013665 PMCID: PMC9414361 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of dental composites based on dimethacrylates that have quaternary ammonium groups is a promising solution in the field of antibacterial restorative materials. This study aimed to investigate the mechanical properties and behaviors in aqueous environments of a series of six copolymers (QA:TEG) comprising 60 wt.% quaternary ammonium urethane-dimethacrylate (QAUDMA) and 40 wt.% triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA); these copolymers are analogous to a common dental copolymer (BG:TEG), which comprises 60 wt.% bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) and 40 wt.% TEGDMA. Hardness (HB), flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (E), water sorption (WS), and water solubility (SL) were assessed for this purpose. The pilot study of these copolymers showed that they have high antibacterial activity and good physicochemical properties. This paper revealed that QA:TEGs cannot replace BG:TEG due to their insufficient mechanical properties and poor behavior in water. However, the results can help to explain how QAUDMA-based materials work, and how their composition should be manipulated to produce the best performance. It was found that the longer the N-alkyl chain, the lower the HB, WS, and SL. The FS and E increased with the lengthening of the N-alkyl chain from eight to ten carbon atoms. Its further extension, to eighteen carbon atoms, caused a decrease in those parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta W. Chrószcz-Porębska
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Izabela M. Barszczewska-Rybarek
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Chladek
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego Str., 41-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Gilli M, Hollaert TG, Setbon HM, des Rieux A, Leprince JG. Quality of Cure in Depth of Commercially Available Bulk-fill Composites: A Layer-by-layer Mechanical and Biological Evaluation. Oper Dent 2022; 47:437-448. [PMID: 35917249 DOI: 10.2341/21-084-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite their popularity, the use of bulk-fill composites remains controversial, both in terms of their properties and their in-depth development. The objectives of the present work were (1) to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the quality of cure in depth of commercially available bulk-fill composites by combining various key mechanical and biological characterization methods, (2) to evaluate the inter-material differences when optimally cured, and (3) to evaluate the efficiency of an antioxidant-N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC)-to restrain the adverse effects of the leached components on cell viability. Nine bulk-fill composites (including flowable and high-viscosity materials) were investigated and compared to two conventional resin-based composites, one flowable and one high-viscosity restorative material. The materials were injected or packed into Teflon molds of various configurations, up to 6 mm material thickness. They were then light-cured from the top for 20 seconds with Bluephase G2 (Ivoclar Vivadent, irradiance = 1050 mW/cm2). The following physicomechanical properties were measured for the upper (0-2 mm), intermediate (2-4 mm), and lower (4-6 mm) layers: degree of conversion using Raman Spectrometry (DC, in %), microhardness using a Vickers micro-indenter before (VHN dry) and after 24 hours of storage in ethanol (VHN EtOH), and flexural strength (in MPa) and flexural modulus (in GPa) using a three-point bend test. Each composite layer and an uncured layer were also stored for one week in a standard cell growth medium to generate conditioned media. Human dental pulp cells were then cultured for 24 hours with the latter and cell viability was measured using an MTS assay. A similar experiment was repeated with conditioned media produced in contact with uncured composites, with and without the addition of 4 mM NAC. The data were subjected to a Shapiro-Wilk test, then one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test, followed either by Tukey's test (inter-material comparison) or by Dunnett's or Dunn's test (comparison between layers relative to the upper one). The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Some materials (EverX, X-traF, VenusBF, X-traB) did not show any significant differences (p>0.05) for any of the properties considered between the intermediate layers compared to the upper one (considered as reference). Others displayed significant differences, at least for some properties, highlighting the value of combining various key mechanical and biological characterization methods when investigating the quality of cure in depth. Significant inter-material differences (p<0.05) were observed when comparing the properties of their upper layer, considered as "optimally" polymerized. Hence, one needs to consider the absolute property values, not only their relative evolution concerning layer thickness. Finally, the use of NAC appeared as beneficial to reduce the risk of harmful effects to dental pulp cells, especially in case of excessive thickness use, and may therefore be of potential interest as an additive to composites in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gilli
- *Matthieu Gilli, Adult and Child Dentistry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; DRIM Research Group & Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T G Hollaert
- Thibaut G Hollaert, Adult and Child Dentistry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; DRIM Research Group & Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H M Setbon
- Hugo M Setbon, private practice; DRIM Research Group & Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A des Rieux
- Anne des Rieux, DRIM Research Group & Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J G Leprince
- Julian G. Leprince, Adult and Child Dentistry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; DRIM Research Group & Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Roesner AJ, Schmohl L, Hahnel S, Fuchs F, König A, Rauch A. Acid resistance of self-adhesive resin luting cements - changes in surface texture parameters and microhardness. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1376-1384. [PMID: 35773036 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES When consumed in excess, acidic foods and beverages can cause dental erosions leading to irreversible loss of tooth substance. In many cases, prosthetic rehabilitation of the damaged teeth is mandatory. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate, for the first time on this scale, the resistance of various commonly used self-adhesive resin luting cements (Bifix SE, VOCO; G-Cem LinkAce, GC; RelyX Unicem, 3 M Oral Care; SpeedCEM Plus, Ivoclar ) against acidic media, and to find out whether they can withstand long-term exposure. These results were compared with an adhesive resin luting cement (Panavia V5, Kuraray) that functioned as reference gold standard. Furthermore we applied area roughness parameters for surface texture analysis in the present investigation, to highlight their advantages for investigations on the surface quality of resin luting cements. METHODS Six specimens with identical diameter (10 mm) and thickness (3 mm) were prepared from each self-adhesive and adhesive resin luting cement and forwarded to an incubation in various acidic media for a period of 232 h. Conductivity and pH-values of each acidic medium was analyzed for each material group prior (t 0) and after exposure (t 1). The specimens were examined for Vickers microhardness and surface quality. For the evaluation of surface roughness, the parameters Sa, Sdr, Spc Spk, Sk, and Svk were investigated by using different filtered surfaces (S-L; S-F) according to ISO 25 178. Statistical analysis was conducted at a significance level of α = 0.050. RESULTS For the evaluation of the acid resistance of self-adhesive resin luting cements investigations on conductivity and pH-value assessment of storage solution appear unsuitable, while the assessment of microhardness and surface analysis revealed valid data. It could be shown that changes in surface texture of the resin luting cements can be determinend in qualitative and quantitative manner. While the microhardness and surface quality of some resin luting cements hardly changed, others showed significantly reduced values in microhardness and changes in their surface quality (p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE The data of the current study emphasize the relevance of interactions between resin luting cements and acids and suggest further laboratory and clinical studies to elucidate its impact on the clinical performance of the materials investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuschka Josephine Roesner
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Germany; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Leonie Schmohl
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Germany; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Fuchs
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Andreas König
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Angelika Rauch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Germany; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
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David-Pérez M, Ramírez-Suárez JP, Latorre-Correa F, Agudelo-Suárez AA. Degree of conversion of resin-cements (light-cured/dual-cured) under different thicknesses of vitreous ceramics: systematic review. J Prosthodont Res 2022; 66:385-394. [PMID: 34853236 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review synthesized and analyzed the scientific evidence on the degree of conversion (DC) obtained by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of light-cured and dual-cured resinous cements, photopolymerized under different thicknesses of vitreous ceramics. STUDY SELECTION The study protocol of this systematic review was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42017069319). A comprehensive search (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and LILACS) was performed for papers including an in vitro design and indexed from January 2007 to December 2020 according to the study purposes. A quality appraisal (specific instrument) and descriptive analysis of the articles that met the inclusion criteria were conducted. RESULTS Nine included studies were analyzed. Two of them used feldspathic ceramics, six used lithium disilicate, and one used both (comparing different types and opacities of ceramics). Three studies found a higher DC in dual cements, while one did not find any significant differences, and five studies found a higher DC in light-cured resin cements. Light-cured cements showed a better DC in relation to dual-cured cements in vitreous ceramic restorations with thicknesses up to 2 mm. CONCLUSION According to the findings, the use of good photoactivation is the most relevant variable to achieve an adequate DC in light-cured and dual-cured resin cements. The use of vitreous ceramic restorations with a thickness of less than 2 mm (light-curing cements) shows a better DC. Standardized in vitro studies are required to generate accurate scientific evidence.
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Szczesio-wlodarczyk A, Kopacz K, Szynkowska-jozwik MI, Sokolowski J, Bociong K. An Evaluation of the Hydrolytic Stability of Selected Experimental Dental Matrices and Composites. Materials 2022; 15:5055. [PMID: 35888521 PMCID: PMC9322899 DOI: 10.3390/ma15145055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Materials with potential use as dental restoration should be evaluated in an aggressive environment. Such accelerated aging is widely used in other industries and allows the assessment of service life. In the presented study, three neat resins (UDMA/Bis-GMA/TEGDMA 70/10/20 wt.%, UDMA/Bis-GMA/TEGDMA 40/40/20 wt.% and UDMA/Bis-EMA/TEGDMA 40/40/20 wt.%) and three composites based on these matrices were tested before and after aging protocols (I-7500 cycles, 5 °C and 55 °C, water and 7 days, 60 °C, 0.1 M NaOH; II-5 days, 55 °C, water and 7 days, 60 °C, 0.1 M NaOH). Flexural strength (FS), diametral tensile strength (DTS) and hardness (HV) were determined. Applied aging protocols resulted in a decrease in the value of the FS, DTS and HV. Larger changes were noticed for the neat resins. Materials in which the content of bis-GMA was lower or substituted by bis-EMA showed better resistance to degradation. The choice of mixtures with monomers characterized by lower sorption values may favorably affect hydrolytic stability. It was shown that for composites there was a drastic decrease in hardness, which suggests a more superficial effect of the used protocols. However, degradation of the surface layer can result in a growing problem over time given that the mastication processes are an inherent element in the oral environment.
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Zhang S, Liao M, Liu F, Huang X, Mai S, He J. Preparation of Bis-GMA free dental resin composites with anti-adhesion effect against Streptococcus mutans using synthesized fluorine-containing methacrylate (DFMA). J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 131:105263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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BERKMAN M, ALTUNTAŞ E, TUNCER S, KARABAY F, DEMİRCİ M, TEKÇE N. ANTİ-HALİTOSİS GARGARALARININ REZİN BAZLI RESTORATİF DENTAL MATERYALLERİN YÜZEY ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 2022. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.985788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaç: Bu in-vitro çalışmanın amacı anti-halitosis etkili beş farklı ağız gargarasının iki farklı restoratif materyalin renk stabilitesi ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerine olan etkisinin araştırılmasıdır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada nano-hibrit (Filtek Z550, 3M ESPE) ve giomer (Beautifill II, Shofu Dental) yapıda olan iki çeşit reçine bazlı restoratif materyal kullanılmıştır. Her iki materyalden test edilmek üzere toplam 120 adet kompozit disk üretici talimatları doğrultusunda 10x2mm ebatlarında silindir kalıplar kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Rastgele seçilen örnekler, 5 farklı ağız gargarası (Listerine Fresh Burst, Listerine Total Care, Colgate Plax, Oderol, Halitosil) ve 1 kontrol grubunda (distile su) bekletilmek üzere toplam 6 farklı gruba ayrılmıştır. Başlangıç renk koordinatları CIELAB renk sistemine göre spektrofotometre (Easyshade Compact) ile yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri (Ra) ise kontakt profilometre (Surtronic 25) ile ölçülmüştür. Tüm örnekler 37°C'de ağız gargaralarında 12boyunca bekletilmiş ardından renk ve pürüzlülük ölçüm prosedürleri aynı şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 24.0 programı ile Kruskal-Wallis H ve Bonferroni Post Hoc testleri kullanılarak 0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, yüzey pürüzlülük değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış olmadığını göstermiştir. Ağız gargaralarında bekletilen Beautifil II materyallerinin tamamında CIELAB değerlerinde önemli bir değişiklik olmuştur (P
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ezgi ALTUNTAŞ
- MARMARA UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF DENTISTRY, DENTISTRY PR. (ENGLISH)
| | - Safa TUNCER
- ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF DENTISTRY, DENTISTRY PR
| | - Ferda KARABAY
- ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF DENTISTRY, DENTISTRY PR
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Mirchandani B, Padunglappisit C, Toneluck A, Naruphontjirakul P, Panpisut P. Effects of Sr/F-Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles and Calcium Phosphate on Monomer Conversion, Biaxial Flexural Strength, Surface Microhardness, Mass/Volume Changes, and Color Stability of Dual-Cured Dental Composites for Core Build-Up Materials. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:1897. [PMID: 35683752 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study prepared composites for core build-up containing Sr/F bioactive glass nanoparticles (Sr/F-BGNPs) and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) to prevent dental caries. The effect of the additives on the physical/mechanical properties of the materials was examined. Dual-cured resin composites were prepared using dimethacrylate monomers with added Sr/F-BGNPs (5 or 10 wt%) and MCPM (3 or 6 wt%). The additives reduced the light-activated monomer conversion by ~10%, but their effect on the conversion upon self-curing was negligible. The conversions of light-curing or self-curing polymerization of the experimental materials were greater than that of the commercial material. The additives reduced biaxial flexural strength (191 to 155 MPa), modulus (4.4 to 3.3), and surface microhardness (53 to 45 VHN). These values were comparable to that of the commercial material or within the acceptable range of the standard. The changes in the experimental composites’ mass and volume (~1%) were similar to that of the commercial comparison. The color change of the commercial material (1.0) was lower than that of the experimental composites (1.5–5.8). The addition of Sr/F-BGNPs and MCPM negatively affected the physical/mechanical properties of the composites, but the results were satisfactory except for color stability.
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Szczesio-Wlodarczyk A, Fronczek M, Ranoszek-Soliwoda K, Grobelny J, Sokolowski J, Bociong K. The First Step in Standardizing an Artificial Aging Protocol for Dental Composites—Evaluation of Basic Protocols. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113511. [PMID: 35684448 PMCID: PMC9182013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical performance of a dental restoration is strongly influenced by the complex and dynamically-changing oral environment; however, no standard procedure exists to evaluate this lifetime. This research provides an in-depth analysis of the effect of different aging procedures on the flexural strength (FS), diametral tensile strength (DTS) and hardness (HV) of selected dental materials (Resin F, Flow-Art and Arkon). Material structure was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that each aging protocol had some influence on the tested properties, with continual erosion and degradation being observed. Greater mechanical degradation was observed for Resin F (neat resin) after the applied aging protocols, suggesting that a resin matrix is more susceptible for degradation. The most aggressive aging protocol was Protocol 5: 0.1 M NaOH, seven days, 60 °C. Further studies on the effect of artificial aging on dental materials should include a study of the thermal and chemical factors. A standardized aging procedure is crucial for improving the resistance of dental resin composite to oral conditions and their clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szczesio-Wlodarczyk
- University Laboratory of Materials Research, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-54
| | - Magdalena Fronczek
- “DynamoLab” Academic Laboratory of Movement and Human Physical Performance, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical University of Mazovia, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.R.-S.); (J.G.)
| | - Jarosław Grobelny
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.R.-S.); (J.G.)
| | - Jerzy Sokolowski
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Kinga Bociong
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (K.B.)
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Vattanaseangsiri T, Khawpongampai A, Sittipholvanichkul P, Jittapiromsak N, Posritong S, Wayakanon K. Influence of restorative material translucency on the chameleon effect. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8871. [PMID: 35614191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Blending of artificial restoration materials to the natural tooth is challenging. Beyond just color, optical properties, particularly translucency, substantially influence the final appearance. The more chameleon effect that the restorative materials exhibit, the more natural looking restorations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of restorative material translucency on the chameleon effect. Five types of resin composite in three different shades as well as one shade of conventional glass ionomer cement were fabricated into disks. To analyze the chameleon effect, glass ceramic blocks were milled to create four wells in each block. The restorative materials were filled into the wells. The color was measured with CIE L*a*b* every 6 months. Statistical analysis was conducted using Two-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA. The material with the highest translucency was flowable resin composite. The high translucency materials exhibited an immediate chameleon effect, as did the bulk-fill resin composites, which are low translucency. Both high and low translucency materials exhibited a delayed chameleon effect for 3 years, except for the bulk fill resin composites. The translucency of the restorative materials had a 68% positive correlation with their chameleon effect. The age of the restoration is one important factor influencing the color blending.
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