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Zhang R, Wei M, Zhou J, Yang Z, Xiao M, Du L, Bao M, Ju J, Dong C, Zheng Y, Bao H. Effects of organic trace minerals chelated with oligosaccharides on growth performance, blood parameters, slaughter performance and meat quality in sheep. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1366314. [PMID: 38577544 PMCID: PMC10993154 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1366314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the effects of oligosaccharide-chelated organic trace minerals (OTM) on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, blood parameters, slaughter performance, and meat quality indexes of mutton sheep. A total of 60 East Ujumuqin × small-tailed Han crossbred mutton sheep were assigned to two groups (10 duplicates per group) by body weight (26.12 ± 3.22 kg) according to a completely randomized design. Compared to the CON group, the results of the OTM group showed: (1) no significant changes in the initial body weight, final body weight, dry matter intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio (p > 0.05); (2) the activities of trypsin, lipase, and amylase in the jejunum were significantly increased (p < 0.05); (3) serum total protein, albumin, and globulin of the blood were significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the growth factor interleukin IL-10 was significantly higher (p < 0.05), while IL-2, IL-6, and γ-interferon were significantly lower (p < 0.05). Immunoglobulins A, M, and G were significantly higher (p < 0.05); (4) the live weight before slaughter, carcass weights, dressing percentage, eye muscle areas, and GR values did not differ significantly (p > 0.05); (5) shear force of mutton was significantly lower (p < 0.05), while the pH45min, pH24h, drip loss, and cooking loss did not show a significant difference (p > 0.05). The content of crude protein was significantly higher (p < 0.05), while the ether extract content was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was detected between moisture and ash content; (6) the total amino acids, essential amino acids, semi-essential amino acids, and umami amino acids were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Although umami amino acids were not significant, the total volume increased (p > 0.05). Among these, the essential amino acids, threonine, valine, leucine, lysine in essential amino acids and arginine were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Also, non-essential amino acids, glycine, serine, proline, tyrosine, cysteine, and aspartic acid, were significantly higher (p < 0.05). The content of alanine, aspartate, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and tyrosine in umami amino acids was significantly higher (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Manlin Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Jianqun Zhou
- Nanning Zeweier Feed Limited Liability Company, Nanning, China
| | - Zaibin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Liu Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Meili Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Ji Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Chenyang Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Yongjie Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Hailin Bao
- Horqin Left Wing Rear Banner National Vocational and Technical School, Tongliao, China
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Galiotto Miranda PA, Remus A, Dalto DB, Hilgemberg R, Beber Jasluk G, Rosário Silva BC, Lehnen CR. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Various Sources and Amounts of Copper on Nursery Piglets. Vet Sci 2024; 11:68. [PMID: 38393086 PMCID: PMC10892854 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of different dietary levels and sources of copper on the growth performance of nursery piglets through a combination of systematic review and meta-analysis. The database for this study was created using articles selected from major electronic databases. Data analysis involved forest plots and analysis of variance using mixed-effects models. The database included 63 articles published between 1990 and 2021, comprising 21,113 piglets in 946 treatments. Positive effects of supranutritional levels of copper from both inorganic and organic sources on the growth performance of nursery piglets were detected using Forest plots and analysis of variance (p < 0.001). Using mixed models, it was observed that piglet performance is influenced by body weight (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), and copper intake (p < 0.001). Both organic and inorganic sources of copper at supranutritional levels (>81 mg Cu/kg of diet) improved the performance of nursery piglets, but levels higher than 201 mg Cu/kg of diet did not further improve growth performance compared to 80-200 mg Cu/kg of diet. The feed conversion was worse in piglets fed with inorganic Cu sources (p < 0.001). In conclusion, dietary Cu supplementation influenced the weight gain and feed conversion rate in weaned piglets, particularly during the first few weeks post-weaning. Levels of 81 and 200 mg Cu/kg improved growth performance, but no further benefits were obtained for higher levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Augusto Galiotto Miranda
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030900, PR, Brazil; (P.A.G.M.); (R.H.); (G.B.J.)
| | - Aline Remus
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; (A.R.); (D.B.D.)
| | - Danyel Bueno Dalto
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; (A.R.); (D.B.D.)
| | - Rafaela Hilgemberg
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030900, PR, Brazil; (P.A.G.M.); (R.H.); (G.B.J.)
| | - Guilherme Beber Jasluk
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030900, PR, Brazil; (P.A.G.M.); (R.H.); (G.B.J.)
| | | | - Cheila Roberta Lehnen
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030900, PR, Brazil; (P.A.G.M.); (R.H.); (G.B.J.)
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Lv Y, Chang L, Liu J, Chen Q, Jiang J, Zhu W. Why Bufo gargarizans tadpoles grow bigger in Pb-contaminated environments? The gut microbiota matter. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115601. [PMID: 37890260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of lead/Pb2+ on ecosystems have received widespread attention. Growth suppression is a major toxic effect of Pb compounds on aquatic animals, however, some studies have also reported their growth-promoting effects. These complex outcomes may be explained by anions that accompany Pb2+ or by the multiple toxic mechanisms/pathways of Pb2+. To examine these hypotheses, we tested how Bufo gargarizans tadpoles responded to Pb(NO3)2 (100 and 200 μg/L Pb2+) using transcriptomics and microbiomics, with NaNO3 and blank groups as controls. Tadpoles exposed to Pb(NO3)2 showed delayed development while increased somatic growth in a dose-dependent manner, which can be attributed to the effects of NO3- and Pb2+, respectively. Tadpole transcriptomics revealed that exposure to NO3- downregulated the MAPK pathway at transcriptional level, explaining the development-suppressing effect of NO3-; while Pb2+ upregulated the transcription of detoxification pathways (e.g., xenobiotics metabolism by cytochrome P450 and glutathione metabolism), indicating cellular stress and thus contradicting the growth advantage of Pb2+-exposed tadpoles. Pb2+ exposure changed the tadpole gut microbiota drastically, characterized by increased polysaccharides and carbohydrate utilization while decreased fatty acid and amino acid consumption according to microbial functional analysis. Similar gut microbial variations were observed in field-collected tadpoles from different Pb2+ environments. This metabolic shift in gut microbiota likely improved the overall food utilization efficiency and increased the allocation of fatty acids and amino acids to the host, explaining the growth advantage of Pb2+-exposed tadpoles. In summary, our results suggest multiple toxic pathways of Pb2+, and the gut microbiota may affect the pollution outcomes on animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lv
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liming Chang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiongyu Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiheng Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianping Jiang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Lei H, Du Q, Lu N, Jiang X, Li M, Xia D, Long K. Comparison of the Microbiome-Metabolome Response to Copper Sulfate and Copper Glycinate in Growing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030345. [PMID: 36766234 PMCID: PMC9913561 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to compare the fecal microbiome-metabolome response to copper sulfate (CuSO4) and copper glycinate (Cu-Gly) in pigs. Twelve Meishan gilts were allocated into the CuSO4 group and the Cu-Gly group (fed on a basal diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg copper from CuSO4 or Cu-Gly) paired in litter and body weight. After a two-week feeding trial, the Cu-Gly group had a higher copper digestibility, blood hemoglobin, and platelet volume and higher levels of plasma iron and insulin-like growth factor-1 than the CuSO4 group. The Cu-Gly treatment increased the abundance of the Lachnospiraceae family and the genera Lachnospiraceae XPB1014, Corprococcus_3, Anaerorhabdus_furcosa_group, Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4B4_group and decreased the abundance of the Synergistetes phylum and Peptostreptococcaceae family compared to the CuSO4 treatment. Moreover, the Cu-Gly group had a lower concentration of 20-Oxo-leukotriene E4 and higher concentrations of butyric acid, pentanoic acid, isopentanoic acid, coumarin, and Nb-p-Coumaroyl-tryptamine than the CuSO4 group. The abundance of Synergistetes was positively correlated with the fecal copper content and negatively correlated with the fecal butyric acid content. The abundance of the Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group genus was positively correlated with the plasma iron level and fecal contents of coumarin and butyric acid. In conclusion, Cu-Gly and CuSO4 could differentially affect fecal microbiota and metabolites, which partially contributes to the intestinal health of pigs in different manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Qian Du
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Naisheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Xueyuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (K.L.)
| | - Keren Long
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (K.L.)
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Kim B, Jeong JY, Park SH, Jung H, Kim M. Effects of dietary copper sources and levels on growth performance, copper digestibility, fecal and serum mineral characteristics in growing pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:885-896. [PMID: 36287789 PMCID: PMC9574621 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three different
copper (Cu) sources (one inorganic and two organics) and levels (0, 50, and 100
mg/kg) on the growth performance, Cu digestibility, fecal mineral excretion,
serum mineral concentration, jejunal morphology, and serum biochemical profile
of growing pigs. A total of 42 male, growing pigs (31.08 ± 1.82 kg) were
randomly assigned to seven treatments consisting of one negative control (0
mg/kg of added Cu level) and treatments with copper sulfate (CuSO4), Cu-amino
acid complex (CuAA), and Cu-hydroxy-4-methylthio butanoate chelate complex
(CuHMB) at 50 and 100 mg/kg each for 28 d. Pigs fed 50 or 100 mg/kg of Cu showed
improved (p < 0.05) average daily gain and feed intake.
Although Cu excretion decreased (p < 0.01) in pigs fed
100 mg/kg of organic Cu sources compared to those fed CuSO4, there
was no difference between the Cu sources in pigs fed 50 mg/kg. However, the
apparent total tract digestibility of Cu increased (p <
0.01) in pigs fed organic Cu sources compared with that in pigs fed
CuSO4. The addition of CuHMB increased (p
< 0.01) serum phosphorus and sulfur concentrations; however, there were
no effects of source and level on jejunal morphology and serum biochemical
profile. These results suggest that the inclusion (50 mg/kg) of organic Cu
sources (CuAA and CuHMB) in the growing pig diet could be beneficial for growth
performance and Cu availability and may reduce environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeonghyeon Kim
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Jin Young Jeong
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Seol Hwa Park
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Jung
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
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Forouzandeh A, Blavi L, Pérez JF, D'Angelo M, González-Solé F, Monteiro A, Stein HH, Solà-Oriol D. How copper can impact pig growth: comparing the effect of copper sulfate and monovalent copper oxide on oxidative status, inflammation, gene abundance, and microbial modulation as potential mechanisms of action. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6611813. [PMID: 35723874 PMCID: PMC9486896 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effect of elevated concentrations of copper (Cu) on growth performance of pigs has been already demonstrated; however, their mechanism of action is not fully discovered. The objective of the present experiment was to investigate the effects of including Cu from copper sulfate (CuSO4) or monovalent copper oxide (Cu2O) in the diet of growing pigs on oxidative stress, inflammation, gene abundance, and microbial modulation. We used 120 pigs with initial body weight (BW) of 11.5 ± 0.98 kg in 2 blocks of 60 pigs, 3 dietary treatments, 5 pigs per pen, and 4 replicate pens per treatment within each block for a total of 8 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included the negative control (NC) diet containing 20 mg Cu/kg and 2 diets in which 250 mg Cu/kg from CuSO4 or Cu2O was added to the NC. On day 28, serum samples were collected from one pig per pen and this pig was then euthanized to obtain liver samples for the analysis of oxidative stress markers (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde, MDA). Serum samples were analyzed for cytokines. Jejunum tissue and colon content were collected and used for transcriptomic analyses and microbial characterization, respectively. Results indicated that there were greater (P < 0.05) MDA levels in the liver of pigs fed the diet with 250 mg/kg CuSO4 than in pigs fed the other diets. The serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed diets containing CuSO4 compared with pigs fed the NC diet or the diet with 250 mg Cu/kg from Cu2O. Pigs fed diets containing CuSO4 or Cu2O had a greater (P < 0.05) abundance of genes related to the intestinal barrier function and nutrient transport, but a lower (P < 0.05) abundance of pro-inflammatory genes compared with pigs fed the NC diet. Supplementing diets with CuSO4 or Cu2O also increased (P < 0.05) the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Peptostreptococcaceae families and reduced (P < 0.05) the abundance of the Rikenellaceae family, Campylobacter, and Streptococcus genera in the colon of pigs. In conclusion, adding 250 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO4 or Cu2O regulates genes abundance in charge of the immune system and growth, and promotes changes in the intestinal microbiota; however, Cu2O induces less systemic oxidation and inflammation compared with CuSO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Forouzandeh
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laia Blavi
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - J Francisco Pérez
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Matilde D'Angelo
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francesc González-Solé
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Hans H Stein
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - David Solà-Oriol
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Zhen Y, Ge L, Chen Q, Xu J, Duan Z, Loor JJ, Wang M. Latent Benefits and Toxicity Risks Transmission Chain of High Dietary Copper along the Livestock-Environment-Plant-Human Health Axis and Microbial Homeostasis: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6943-6962. [PMID: 35666880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of high-concentration copper (Cu) in feed additives, fertilizers, pesticides, and nanoparticles (NPs) inevitably causes significant pollution in the ecological environment. This type of chain pollution begins with animal husbandry: first, Cu accumulation in animals poisons them; second, high Cu enters the soil and water sources with the feces and urine to cause toxicity, which may further lead to crop and plant pollution; third, this process ultimately endangers human health through consumption of livestock products, aquatic foods, plants, and even drinking water. High Cu potentially alters the antibiotic resistance of soil and water sources and further aggravates human disease risks. Thus, it is necessary to formulate reasonable Cu emission regulations because the benefits of Cu for livestock and plants cannot be ignored. The present review evaluates the potential hazards and benefits of high Cu in livestock, the environment, the plant industry, and human health. We also discuss aspects related to bacterial and fungal resistance and homeostasis and perspectives on the application of Cu-NPs and microbial high-Cu removal technology to reduce the spread of toxicity risks to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Zhen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Ling Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qiaoqing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute for Quality and Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Zhenyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian Nutrition Physiology Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
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Li M, Tang W, Liao P, Li Y. Evaluating the Influence of Different Recommended Dietary Levels of Cu and Zn on Finishing Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:770195. [PMID: 35111837 PMCID: PMC8801699 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.770195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of different recommended levels of Cu and Zn on antioxidant capacity, tissue mineral status, minerals excretion, meat quality, digestive enzyme activity, and metal transporters in finishing pigs. A total of 120 pigs (with an average initial body weight (BW) of 70.0 ± 2.1 kg) were randomly divided into four treatments: (1) basal diet without added Cu or Zn (control), (2) basal diet+35 mg cupreous N-carbamylglutamate chelate (NCG-Cu) +150 mg zinc-methionine chelate (Zn-Met) (AC), (3) basal diet + 3.0 mg of NCG-Cu + 43 mg Zn-Met (CN), and (4) basal diet + 3.5 mg NCG-Cu + 50 mg Zn-Met (NRC100). Pig growth performance was not affected by the level of Cu or Zn. Among the four treatments, the AC treatment had the highest concentration (P < 0.05) of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Pigs fed the AC diet had the highest (P < 0.05) liver Zn, fecal Cu, and fecal Zn among the four treatments. The protein levels of trypsin and aminopeptidase N (APN) in the intestinal mucosa showed their highest levels (P < 0.05) in the NRC100 and AC treatments. The mRNA levels of trypsinogen and APN were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the AC, CN, and NRC100 treatments compared with the control. The mRNA levels for the Zn transporter genes SLC30A1 (ZnT1) and SLC30A2 (ZnT2) were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in the AC treatment, and the mRNA levels for SLC39A4 (ZIP4) and metallothionein 1 (MT) in the AC, CN, and NRC100 treatments were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) compared with the control. Meat quality were not affected (P > 0.05) by the different recommended levels of Cu and Zn. These results indicated that the supplemental Cu and Zn levels routinely used in AC diets in Chinese commercial feed enterprises should be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Hunan Tianxin Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Chenzhou, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Liao
| | - Yunhu Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, China
- Yunhu Li
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9
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Liao J, Li Q, Lei C, Yu W, Deng J, Guo J, Han Q, Hu L, Li Y, Pan J, Zhang H, Chang YF, Tang Z. Toxic effects of copper on the jejunum and colon of pigs: mechanisms related to gut barrier dysfunction and inflammation influenced by the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 12:9642-9657. [PMID: 34664585 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01286j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace mineral, but its excessive intake can lead to potentially toxic effects on host physiology. The mammalian intestine harbors various microorganisms that are associated with intestinal barrier function and inflammation. In this study, the influences of Cu on barrier function, microbiota, and its metabolites were examined in the jejunum and colon of pigs. Here, we identified that the physical and chemical barrier functions were impaired both in the jejunum and colon, as evidenced by the decreased expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1, and JAM-1) and mucous secretion-related genes, positive rate of Muc2, and secretion of SIgA and SIgG. Additionally, inflammatory cytokines were overexpressed in the jejunum and colon. Furthermore, Cu might increase the abundances of Mycoplasma, Actinobacillus and unidentified_Enterobacteriaceae in the jejunum, which significantly affected pentose and glucoronate interconversions, histidine metabolism, folate biosynthesis, porphyrin metabolism, and purine metabolism. Meanwhile, the abundances of Lactobacillus and Methanobrevibacter were remarkably decreased and Streptococcus, unidentified_Enterobacteriaceae, and unidentified_Muribaculaceae were significantly increased in the colon, with an evident impact on glycerophospholipid metabolism, retinol metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. These findings revealed that excess Cu had significant effects on the microbiota and metabolites in the jejunum and colon, which were involved in intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Quanwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Chaiqin Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Wenlan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Jichang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Jianying Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Qingyue Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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10
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Sabry MIE, Stino FKR, El-Ghany WAA. Copper: benefits and risks for poultry, livestock, and fish production. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:487. [PMID: 34590182 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02915-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein production from animal origin should increase to meet the needs of a growing global population. This article presents an overview on copper (Cu) forms and their importance for animals' physiological functions. Moreover, it will focus on the current and promising nano-Cu applications in poultry, livestock, and fish production systems. Use of Cu as a feed additive directly or indirectly impacts the human food chain and may affect the safety and/or quality of food. Finally, the expected risks and hazards related to the use of nano-Cu that can affect animals, humans, and the environment are described. It is concluded that nano-Cu applications have the potential to provide an efficient solution for reducing the Cu amount in the poultry, livestock, and fish diets, which can help in reducing costs and environmental contamination and increasing animals' productivity. However, concerns over the safety of nano-Cu applications hamper their immediate implementation. Thus, rigorous risk assessments should be conducted to ensure the safety of animal-origin products in the case of supplementation animal diets with nano-copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I El Sabry
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Farid K R Stino
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt.
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11
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Dietary Copper Improves Intestinal Morphology via Modulating Intestinal Stem Cell Activity in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092513. [PMID: 34573479 PMCID: PMC8471658 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Copper (Cu) is one of the essential trace elements for animal growth. Piglet intestinal epithelium undergoes a complete renewal driven by intestinal stem cells located at the crypt base. However, whether Cu improves intestinal morphology and development via modulating intestinal stem cell activity in pigs remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Cu during the weaning period on the intestinal morphology and development of weaned and finished pigs and explored the potential mechanism by culturing the intestinal organoids and treated them with Cu in vitro. The results indicated that Cu supplementation during the weaning period improves the intestinal morphology in finishing pigs by modulating the activity of intestinal stem cells. Abstract Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for animals. Many studies have been conducted on the effects of dietary Cu on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and function of piglets. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be explored. Intestinal stem cells (ISC) drive the development and constant renewal of intestinal epithelium. Therefore, we hypothesized that dietary Cu affects piglets’ intestinal development via modulating ISC activity. A total of eighty-five 21-day-old piglets were randomly assigned to five groups, where 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 mg CuSO4/kg on a dry matter basis were supplemented to the basal diet at phase 1 (day 0 to 21). Increasing the dietary Cu concentration decreased (p < 0.05) villus width but increased (p < 0.001) the number of Ki67-positive cells. At phase 2 (day 22 to 163), the other 45 pigs were offered the same diets. Villus height in the 125 mg/kg Cu group was greater (p < 0.001) than in the other groups. Moreover, the effects of Cu on ISC activity in vitro were tested to explore the underlying mechanism. Compared to the control group, 10 μmol/L CuSO4·5H2O increased (p < 0.001) the organoid budding efficiency, crypt depth, and crypts per organoid. Dietary Cu improved the intestinal morphology of finishing pigs via promoting cell proliferation and modulating ISC activity.
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12
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Zhen Y, Wang M, Gu Y, Yu X, Shahzad K, Xu J, Gong Y, Li P, Loor JJ. Biosorption of Copper in Swine Manure Using Aspergillus and Yeast: Characterization and Its Microbial Diversity Study. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:687533. [PMID: 34475858 PMCID: PMC8406632 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.687533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary copper supplementation in the feed of piglets generally exceeds 250-800 mg/kg, where a higher quantity (>250 mg/kg) can promote growth and improve feed conversion. Despite the reported positive effects, 90% of copper is excreted and can accumulate and pollute the soil. Data indicate that fungi have a biosorptive capacity for copper. Thus, the objectives of the present experiment were to study the effects of adding different strains of fungi on the biosorptive capacity for copper in swine manure and to evaluate potential effects on microbiota profiles. Aspergillus niger (AN), Aspergillus oryzae (AO), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) were selected, and each added 0.4% into swine manure, which contain 250 mg/kg of copper. The incubations lasted for 29 days, and biosorption parameters were analyzed on the 8th (D8), 15th (D15), 22nd (D22), and 29th (D29) day. Results showed that after biosorption, temperature was 18.47-18.77°C; pH was 6.33-6.91; and content of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, and deoxynivalenol were low. In addition, residual copper concentration with AN was the lowest on D15, D22, and D29. The copper biosorption rate was also highest with AN, averaging 84.85% on D29. Biosorption values for AO reached 81.12% and for SC were lower than 80%. Illumina sequencing of 16S and ITS rRNA gene revealed that fungal treatments reduced the diversity and richness of fungal abundance, but had no effect on bacterial abundance. Unknown_Marinilabiliaceae, Proteiniphilum, Tissierella, and Curvibacter were the dominant bacteria, while Aspergillus and Trichoderma were the dominant fungi. However, the added strain of S. cerevisiae was observed to be lower than the dominant fungi, which contained less than 0.05%. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment predicted via PICRUSt2 that there were bacterial genes potentially related to various aspects of metabolism and environmental information processing. Overall, data indicated that Aspergillus can provide microbial materials for adsorption of copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Zhen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Yalan Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Khuram Shahzad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute for Quality and Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuqing Gong
- Jiangsu Provincial Station of Animal Husbandry, Nanjing, China
| | - Peizhen Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Station of Animal Husbandry, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian Nutrition Physiology Genomics, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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13
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Forouzandeh A, Blavi L, Abdelli N, Melo-Duran D, Vidal A, Rodríguez M, Monteiro ANTR, Pérez JF, Darwich L, Solà-Oriol D. Effects of dicopper oxide and copper sulfate on growth performance and gut microbiota in broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101224. [PMID: 34157560 PMCID: PMC8237351 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of two sources of copper (Cu) from copper sulfate (CuSO4) and dicopper oxide (Cu2O, CoRouge) at three levels of inclusion (15, 75, and 150 mg/kg) on growth performance and gut microbiota of broilers. A total of 840 one-d-old male chickens (Ross 308) were weighed and randomly allocated to seven dietary treatments: negative control (NC, a basal diet without Cu addition), and the NC supplemented with 15, 75, or 150 mg Cu/kg from CuSO4 or Cu2O (12 replicate pens/treatment, 10 chicks per pen). Broilers were challenged by reusing an old litter with high concentrations in Clostridium perfringens to promote necrotic enteritis. Broiler performance was registered at d 21, 35, and 42. Excreta samples were collected at d 14, 28, and 42 for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) analyses. At d 43, one broiler per pen was euthanized to obtain ileal content for microbial characterization. Body weight d 35 and daily gain d 42 improved (P < 0.05) in Cu2O as Cu dose inclusion increased from 15 mg/kg to 150 mg/kg. Supplementation of 150 mg/kg of Cu from Cu2O decreased the abundance (P < 0.01) of some families such as Streptococcaceae and Corynebacteriaceae and increased the abundance (P < 0.05) of some commensal bacteria like Clostridiaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae. Phenotypic AMR was not different among treatments on d 14 and 28. Isolated Enterococcus spp. from broilers fed the NC diet on d 42 showed higher (P < 0.05) resistance to enrofloxacin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol compared with Cu treatments. By contrast, the isolated Escherichia coli from broilers fed 150 mg/kg of Cu, either from CuSO4 or Cu2O, showed higher (P < 0.05) resistance to streptomycin and chloramphenicol compared to the NC. This study suggests that supplementing 150 mg/kg of Cu from Cu2O establishes changes in the gut microbiota by regulating the bacterial population in the ileum, which may explain the positive impact on broilers' growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Forouzandeh
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - L Blavi
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - N Abdelli
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D Melo-Duran
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A Vidal
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | | | - J F Pérez
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - L Darwich
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D Solà-Oriol
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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14
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Kim M, Hosseindoust A, Choi Y, Lee J, Kim K, Kim T, Cho H, Kang W, Chae B. Effects of Hot-Melt Extruded Nano-Copper as an Alternative for the Pharmacological Dose of Copper Sulfate in Weanling Pigs. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2925-2935. [PMID: 33078307 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of hot-melt extrusion (HME)-processed copper (Cu) sulfate supplementation on the growth performance, gut microbiota, metabolic function of Cu, and bioavailability of Cu in weanling pigs fed a corn-soybean meal basal diets. A total of 180 piglets (Yorkshire × Landrace × Duroc) of mixed-sex randomly were allotted to six treatments on the basis of initial average body weight (6.36 ± 0.39 kg) to six dietary treatments. There were six replicates in each treatment with 5 pigs per replicates. The dietary treatments included levels of CuSO4 (IN6, 6 mg Cu/kg diets; IN125, 125 mg Cu/kg diets), nano-CuSO4 (HME6, 6 mg Cu/kg diets; HME65, 65 mg Cu/kg diets; and HME125, 125 mg Cu/kg diets), and Cu-methionine (ORG125, 125 mg Cu/kg diets). The weanling pigs fed diets supplemented with the HME65 and HME125 showed a greater body weight and feed intake compared with IN6 and IN125 (P < 0.05). The weaning pigs fed diets supplemented with the HME125 showed the highest digestibility of gross energy in phase 1 and phase 2 (P < 0.05). The supplementation of HME125 significantly reduced the Escherichia coli (E.coli) in cecum and colon (P < 0.05). The supplementation of HME65 showed statistically equivalent effect on reduction of E. coli in the cecum and colon compared with IN125 and ORG125 treatments. The villus height in duodenum and jejunum of piglets in HME65 and HME125 treatments were higher than ORG125, HME6, IN6, and IN125 (P < 0.05). The gene expression of Atox1 was upregulated in IN125, HME125, and ORG125 treatments (P < 0.05). The expression of Sod1 was increased in IN125 treatment compared with IN6 treatment (P < 0.05). The HME125 treatment had the highest gene expression of ghrelin (P < 0.05). The Cu concentration of serum and liver was higher in the HME125 treatment than the HME6, IN6, and IN125 treatments (P < 0.05). The HME125 and ORG125 treatments showed a lower fecal Cu compared with IN125 treatment (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that the HME65 can be an alternative to IN125 in weanling pigs due to the greater overall average daily gain, improved villus height, and higher bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinJu Kim
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - YoHan Choi
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - JunHyung Lee
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - KwangYeoul Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - TeaGyun Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunJong Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - WeiSoo Kang
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - ByungJo Chae
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Ding H, Zhang Q, Xu H, Yu X, Chen L, Wang Z, Feng J. Selection of copper and zinc dosages in pig diets based on the mutual benefit of animal growth and environmental protection. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112177. [PMID: 33839484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dietary copper and zinc additives facilitate the growth and development of animals, but heavy metal in feces threatens the ecological environment, and balance is the key to solving the problem. In this study, a trial of 2000 pigs (early nursery, 9-15 kg; late nursery, 15-25 kg; grower: 25-60 kg) was conducted to analyze the effects of different diets (gradient dosage of copper and zinc additives) on growth performance, antioxidant performance, immune function, and fecal heavy metal excretion of piglets and growing pigs. Although no significant differences were observed in average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) between treatments during the entire nursery-grower period, the addition of appropriate high doses of copper and zinc to the diet had a beneficial effect on the antioxidant status and immune function of weaned piglets. Especially at early nursery, compared with the low-copper group (5 mg/kg Cu), the high-copper group (120 mg/kg Cu) could significantly increase the peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT) and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), cortisol in the serum. Moreover, the addition of zinc and copper in the diet not only increased the concentration of corresponding trace elements in the serum, but also affected the concentration of other trace elements in the serum. The reduction of copper and zinc content in the diet contributed to reducing the copper and zinc content in feces. In conclusion, we have formulated the mutual benefit dosages of copper and zinc (9-15 kg: 5 mg/kg Cu and 50 mg/kg Zn; 15-25 kg: 4 mg/kg Cu and 50 mg/kg Zn; 25-60 kg: 4 mg/kg Cu and 10 mg/kg Zn) for weaning piglets and growing pigs, which would help ensure the healthy growth of animals and reduce environmental heavy metal residues. CAPSULE: This study developed a mutually beneficial dose of copper and zinc in pig diets, which promotes animal growth and protects the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Ding
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huangen Xu
- Research Center of Zhejiang Kesheng Feed Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaonan Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingjun Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghang Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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16
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Lee J, Hosseindoust A, Kim M, Kim K, Kim T, Moturi J, Chae B. Effects of hot-melt extruded nano-copper on the Cu bioavailability and growth of broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:295-304. [PMID: 33987605 PMCID: PMC8071743 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the Cu bioavailability, growth response,
digestibility of nutrients, and blood metabolites of broiler chicks fed
CuSO4 in nano or common forms. A total of 720 broiler chickens
were distributed between eight treatments according to a completely randomized
design. There were 8 treatments and 6 replicates in each treatment with 15
birds/replicate. The treatments were divided into common copper sulfate at the
doses of 16 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm, and 120 ppm (INO) and hot-melt extruded copper
sulfate at the doses of 16 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm, and 120 ppm (HME-Cu). The
experiment was operated for 35 days in 2 phases (phase 1, d 0 to 14; and phase
2, d 15 to 35). No significant differences were shown in growth performance,
feed intake, FCR, and nutrient digestibility among the treatments. The
concentration of Cu in the serum was increased in the HME-Cu broilers compared
with the INO broilers at phase 2. A linear increase was observed in the
concentration of Cu in the liver in broilers fed INO diets, however, no
significant differences were observed by the supplementation of HME-Cu levels.
The linear increase was detected in the content of Cu in excreta in the INO and
HME-Cu treatments by increasing the dietary Cu content. The HME-Cu treatments
showed a lower Cu concentration in the excreta compared with the INO treatments.
The higher bioavailability of Cu in HME form can decrease the recommended dose
of Cu in broiler diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunHyung Lee
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - MinJu Kim
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - KwangYeol Kim
- Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang 25342, Korea
| | - TaeGyun Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Joseph Moturi
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea.,Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - ByungJo Chae
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
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17
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Espinosa CD, Stein HH. Digestibility and metabolism of copper in diets for pigs and influence of dietary copper on growth performance, intestinal health, and overall immune status: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:13. [PMID: 33431053 PMCID: PMC7798237 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current contribution reviews absorption and metabolism of copper (Cu), Cu deficiency, Cu toxicity, Cu bioavailability, and effects of pharmacological levels of Cu on growth performance and intestinal health of pigs. Copper is a micro mineral involved in metabolic reactions including cellular respiration, tissue pigmentation, hemoglobin formation, and connective tissue development. Copper is mostly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the duodenum, but some Cu is absorbed in the stomach. One way to evaluate the efficacy of sources of Cu is to measure relative bioavailability where responses include tissue concentrations of Cu, concentrations of metalloproteins, and enzymatic activity of animals fed test diets containing graded levels of Cu. The requirement for Cu by pigs is 5 to 10 mg/kg diet, however, Cu can be included at growth-promoting levels (i.e., 75 to 250 mg/kg diet) in diets for weanling and growing pigs to reduce post-weaning diarrhea and improve growth performance. The consistently observed improvement in growth performance upon Cu supplementation is likely a result of increases in lipase activity, growth hormone secretion, and expression of genes involved in post-absorptive metabolism of lipids. The growth-promoting effects of dietary Cu have also been attributed to its bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties because Cu may change bacterial populations in the intestine, and thereby reduce inflammation caused by pathogens. However, further research is needed to determine potential interactions between Cu and non-nutritive feed additives (e.g., enzymes, probiotics, phytobiotics), and the optimum quantity of Cu as well as the optimum duration of feeding supplemental Cu in diets for pigs should be further investigated. These gaps needs to be addressed to maximize inclusion of Cu in diets to improve growth performance while minimizing diseases and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans H. Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801 USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801 USA
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18
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Villagómez-Estrada S, Pérez JF, Darwich L, Vidal A, van Kuijk S, Melo-Durán D, Solà-Oriol D. Effects of copper and zinc sources and inclusion levels of copper on weanling pig performance and intestinal microbiota. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5818979. [PMID: 32277238 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 42-d experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Cu and Zn source and Cu level on pig performance, mineral status, bacterial modulation, and the presence of antimicrobial-resistant genes in isolates of Enterococcus spp. At weaning, 528 pigs (5.9 ± 0.50 kg) were allotted to 48 pens of a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two Cu and Zn sources (SF: sulfate and HCl: hydroxychloride) and two Cu levels (15 and 160 mg/kg). As a challenge, the pigs were reared in dirty pens used by a previous commercial batch. Two-phase diets were offered: the pre-starter (PS) phase from day 1 to 14 and the starter phase (ST) from day 14 to 42. At days 14 and 42, pigs were individually weighed and blood samples from one pig per pen were taken. At the end of the experiment, one pig per pen was euthanized to collect the samples. Feeding high levels of Cu increased body weight (BW) from 16.6 to 17.7 kg (P < 0.001). Furthermore, average daily gain, gain to feed (G:F) ratio, average daily feed intake (ADFI), and mineral status were enhanced with Cu at 160 mg/kg (P < 0.05) compared with Cu at 15 mg/kg. There was no effect of the interaction between source × level on any of the growth performance responses except for ADFI (P = 0.004) and G:F (P = 0.029) at the end of the ST period and for G:F (P = 0.006) for entire nursery period (day 0 to 42). At the end of the ST period, pigs fed Cu at 160 mg/kg as HCl had not only higher ADFI but also lower G:F than those fed Cu as SF at 160 mg/kg. Meanwhile, for the entire nursery period, G:F did not differ between pigs fed Cu at 160 mg/kg as HCl or SF. In colonic digesta, the relative abundance of Streptococcus, Enterobacter, Escherichia, among others, decreased (P-adjust < 0.05), while Lachnospira and Roseburia tended (P-adjust < 0.10) to increase in pigs fed Cu at 160 mg/kg as HCl compared with those fed Cu SF at 160 mg/kg. An increase (P-adjust < 0.05) in Methanosphaera and Roseburia was observed in pigs fed Cu at 160 mg/kg. From colon digesta, Enterococcus spp. was isolated in 40 samples, being E. faecalis the most dominating (65%) regardless of the experimental diet. Genes of ermB (7.5%) and tetM (5%) were identified. No genes for Cu (tcrB) or vancomycin (vanA, vanB, vanC1, and vanC2) were detected. In conclusion, European Union permissible levels of Cu (160 mg/kg), of both sources, were able to increase performance, mineral status, and bacterial modulation compared with nutritional level. Different effects on growth performance, mineral tissue content, and microbial modulation were observed between Cu and Zn sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José F Pérez
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellatera, Spain
| | - Laila Darwich
- Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellatera, Spain
| | - Anna Vidal
- Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellatera, Spain
| | - Sandra van Kuijk
- Trouw Nutrition, Research and Development Department, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Melo-Durán
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellatera, Spain
| | - David Solà-Oriol
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellatera, Spain
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Zhang Y, Dong Z, Yang H, Liang X, Zhang S, Li X, Wan D, Yin Y. Effects of dose and duration of dietary copper administration on hepatic lipid peroxidation and ultrastructure alteration in piglets' model. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126561. [PMID: 32480055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper is an essential microelement for animals and has been used at pharmacological doses in weaned piglets to improve growth performance. However, it also induces systemic oxidative stress after short-term feeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dose and duration of dietary copper on lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress status in model of weaned piglets. METHODS A total of 48 crossbred piglets (weaned at 21d, weight ∼8.2 kg) were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 12 in each. The control group and 3 treatment groups fed with basal diet supplemented with 20, 100 and 200 mg/kg copper as copper sulfate for 3 and 6 weeks, respectively. RESULTS Dietary copper supplementation significantly affected the activities of ALP, LDH, LIPC and the levels of Ca and TG in serum as well as the copper and zinc deposition in liver. Increased MDA concentrations, and decreased GPX, CP and CAT concentrations in serum were found in 0, 100 and 200 mg Cu/kg diet groups at 3 weeks post weaning. Hepatic lipid peroxidation was also induced in these groups indicated from hepatic SOD1, GPX1, CAT, CP, MT1A and MT2A transcriptional levels. Those adverse symptoms were alleviative at 6 weeks post weaning. The hepatic Cu and Zn concentrations, serum MDA concentrations, and serum CAT and GPX activities were significantly correlated with Actinobacillus, Lactobacillus, Sarcina, Helicobacter, Campylobacterales, which could affect the intestinal health further. CONCLUSION These results indicated that copper deficiency or over supplementation would affect the systemic lipid peroxidation. These adverse changes were not observed when the dietary copper concentration at 20 mg Cu/kg diet. The results suggested the appropriate dietary copper concentration is around 20 mg Cu/kg diet, and its range might be much stricter than we thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenglin Dong
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liang
- Henan Guang'an Biology Technology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Yunan Yin Yulong Academician Workstation, Yunan Xinan Tianyou Animal Huabandry Technology Co., Ltd., Shalang Town, Wuhua District, Kunming 6500323, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaozhen Li
- Yunan Yin Yulong Academician Workstation, Yunan Xinan Tianyou Animal Huabandry Technology Co., Ltd., Shalang Town, Wuhua District, Kunming 6500323, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; Henan Guang'an Biology Technology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China; Yunan Yin Yulong Academician Workstation, Yunan Xinan Tianyou Animal Huabandry Technology Co., Ltd., Shalang Town, Wuhua District, Kunming 6500323, Yunnan Province, China.
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20
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Lin G, Guo Y, Liu B, Wang R, Su X, Yu D, He P. Optimal dietary copper requirements and relative bioavailability for weanling pigs fed either copper proteinate or tribasic copper chloride. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:54. [PMID: 32477516 PMCID: PMC7243316 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementing Cu on growth performance, Cu metabolism and Cu-related enzyme activities of weanling pigs fed diets with two different Cu sources, and to estimate optimal Cu requirements and relative bioavailability from these two sources for pigs. Methods Weanling pigs were allocated to 14 treatments arranged factorially, including 6 added Cu levels (5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 mg/kg), and 2 mineral sources (tribasic Cu chloride, TBCC and copper proteinate, CuPro), as well as one negative control (0 mg/kg added Cu level) and one maximum allowed level treatment (200 mg/kg TBCC) for the entire 38-d experiment. Growth performance, mineral status and enzyme activities were measured at the end of this study. Results Increasing levels of Cu showed linear and quadratic responses (P < 0.01) for final BW, ADG and FCR regardless of the sources. Supplementation with TBCC (> 80 mg/kg) and CuPro (> 20 mg/kg) significantly decreased (P < 0.05) diarrhea incidence of weanling pigs. There were linear and quadratic increases (P < 0.01) in bile, hepatic, and intestinal Cu concentrations, fecal Cu contents, and plasma enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase, ceruloplasmin, Cu, Zn-Superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), and glutathione peroxidase), whereas plasma malondialdehyde decreased (P < 0.01) linearly and quadratically as dietary Cu level increased. Similarly, pigs fed CuPro absorbed and retained more Cu and excreted less Cu than those fed TBCC when supplemented 80 mg/kg and above. Optimal dietary Cu requirements for pigs from 28 to 66 d of age estimated based on fitted broken-line models (P < 0.05) of bile Cu, plasma Cu/Zn SOD and growth performance were 93-140 mg/kg from TBCC, and 63-98 mg/kg from CuPro accordingly. According to slope ratios from multiple linear regression, the bioavailability value of CuPro relative to TBCC (100%) was 156-263% (P < 0.01). Conclusion The findings indicated that Cu recommendation from current NRC (5-6 mg/kg) was not sufficient to meet the high requirement of weanling pigs. Cu from CuPro was significantly more bioavailable to weanling pigs than TBCC in stimulating growth and enzyme activities, decreasing diarrhea frequency and fecal Cu contents to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Lin
- 1Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 10081 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Guo
- 2College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou Zhejiang, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- 3State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiguo Wang
- 1Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 10081 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoou Su
- 1Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 10081 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyou Yu
- 2College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou Zhejiang, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Pingli He
- 4State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People's Republic of China
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21
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Gonzalez-Esquerra R, Araujo RB, Haese D, Kill JL, Cunha AF, Monzani PS, Lima CG. Effect of dietary copper sources on performance, gastric ghrelin-RNA expression, and growth hormone concentrations in serum in piglets. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4242-4247. [PMID: 31581297 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two performance studies were conducted to investigate the effects of 3 different sources of Cu on production parameters of piglets. A total of 256 piglets weaned at 24 ± 2 d were randomly allocated into 4 treatments with 10 or 8 replicates per treatment of 4 or 3 piglets per pen in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. The experimental period was divided into 3 feeding phases: Phase 1 (24 to 35 d), Phase 2 (36 to 49 d), and Phase 3 (50 to 70 d). Treatments included a Control group (fed 10 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO4), a group fed 160 mg/kg of either CuSO4 (CuSO4-160) or tri-basic copper chloride (TBCC), and a group fed Cu methionine hydroxy analogue chelated (Cu-MHAC) at 150, 80, and 50 mg/kg in Phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The methionine value of Cu-MHAC was accounted during diet formulation to achieve the same levels of methionine across treatments. Phases 1 and 2 diets contained 2,200 and 1,500 ppm of ZnO, respectively; and antibiotics were used as growth promoters. Performance parameters were analyzed as completely randomized block design, in which each experiment was considered as a block. In trial 2, blood serum and mucosal samples, from the fundic region of the stomach, were collected from 1 piglet per replicate at day 70 and tested for serum growth hormone levels (GH) and ghrelin mRNA expression, respectively. The contrast between Cu-MHAC vs. CuSO4-160 + TBCC showed that piglets fed Cu-MHAC exhibited better feed conversion ratio (FCR) in all feeding phases compared with feeding inorganic Cu (P < 0.05). Overall, feeding Cu-MHAC improved body weight (BW), BW gain, feed intake (FI), and FCR vs. Control diet fed piglets; yet, it improved BW and FCR vs. TBCC fed piglets, and improved BW, BW gain, and FI vs. CuSO4-160 fed piglets (P < 0.05). Feeding TBCC promoted similar performance than feeding CuSO4-160, regardless of age (P > 0.05). Both ghrelin expression and growth hormone serum levels were significantly increased by feeding Cu-MHAC vs. Control diet fed animals (P < 0.01). Feeding CuSO4-160 upregulated ghrelin expression vs. Control (P < 0.01) while GH serum levels and ghrelin expression did no change by feeding TBCC compared with Control diet fed animals (P > 0.05). It was concluded that feeding Cu-MHAC at the levels tested herein can improve growth performance of piglets beyond feeding 160 ppm of either CuSO4 or TBCC, which may be partially explained by the increased expression of ghrelin and GH serum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Douglas Haese
- Centro de Tecnologia Animal Ltda, Domingos Martins, Espírito Santo, ES, Brazil
| | - Joao L Kill
- Centro de Tecnologia Animal Ltda, Domingos Martins, Espírito Santo, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cesar G Lima
- Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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22
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Wu X, Dai S, Hua J, Hu H, Wang S, Wen A. Influence of Dietary Copper Methionine Concentrations on Growth Performance, Digestibility of Nutrients, Serum Lipid Profiles, and Immune Defenses in Broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 191:199-206. [PMID: 30515712 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A 42-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of dietary copper (Cu) concentrations on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum parameters in broilers aged from 1 to 42 days. Five hundred forty 1-day-old broilers were randomly assigned into 1 of the following 6 dietary treatments: (1) control (basal diet without supplemental Cu), (2) 15 mg/kg supplemental Cu (Cu15), (3) 30 mg/kg supplemental Cu (Cu30), (4) 60 mg/kg supplemental Cu (Cu60), (5) 120 mg/kg supplemental Cu (Cu120), and (6) 240 mg/kg supplemental Cu (Cu240), Cu as copper methionine. A 4-day metabolism trial was conducted during the last week of the experiment feeding. The results showed that dietary Cu supplementation increased the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake (P < 0.01). The feed gain ratio, however, was not affected by dietary Cu (P > 0.10). Additionally, dietary Cu supplementation increased the digestibility of fat and energy (P < 0.05). The concentration of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased with dietary Cu supplementation (P < 0.05). The activities of serum Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05), glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05), and ceruloplasmin (P = 0.09), on the contrary, were increased by Cu addition. For immune indexes, dietary Cu supplementation increased serum IgA and IgM (P < 0.05). In addition, the activities of serum ALT increased with increasing dietary Cu supplementation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our data suggest that Cu supplementation can increase fat digestibility and promote growth. Additionally, dietary Cu supplementation can reduce serum cholesterol and enhance antioxidant capacity in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhuang Wu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, 233100, China
| | - Sifa Dai
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, 233100, China
| | - Jinling Hua
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, 233100, China
| | - Hong Hu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, 233100, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, 233100, China
| | - Aiyou Wen
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, 233100, China.
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23
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Ao X, Zhang S, Kim J, Kim I. Effect of dietary standardized ileal digestible lysine and copper density on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbiota, backfat thickness and lean meat percentage in growing pigs. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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Konschak M, Zubrod JP, Baudy P, Englert D, Herrmann B, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. Waterborne and diet-related effects of inorganic and organic fungicides on the insect leaf shredder Chaetopteryx villosa (Trichoptera). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 206:33-42. [PMID: 30445370 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well-documented that fungicides can affect crustacean leaf shredders via two effect pathways, namely waterborne exposure and their diet (i.e., via dietary uptake of fungicides adsorbed to leaf material and an altered microorganism-mediated food quality). As a consequence of different life history strategies, the relevance of these effect pathways for aquatic shredders belonging to other taxonomic classes, for instance insects, remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated waterborne and diet-related effects in larvae of the caddisfly leaf shredder Chaetopteryx villosa (Insecta: Trichoptera) and compared our observations to previous reports on effects in adults of the crustacean leaf shredder Gammarus fossarum (Malacostraca: Amphipoda). We assessed acute waterborne effects of an organic fungicide mixture (OFM) and the inorganic fungicide copper (Cu) on the leaf consumption (n = 30) of the fourth-/fifth-instar larvae of C. villosa and their food choice (n = 49) when offered leaf material, which was either conditioned in presence or in absence of the respective fungicide(s). Moreover, the larval leaf consumption (n = 50) and physiological fitness (i.e., growth as well as lipid and protein content) were examined after subjecting C. villosa for 24 days towards the combination of both effect pathways at environmentally relevant concentrations. G. fossarum and C. villosa exhibited similar sensitivities and the same effect direction when exposed to the OFM (either waterborne or dietary pathways). Both shredders also showed the same effect direction when exposed to dietary Cu, while with regards to mortality and leaf consumption C. villosa was less sensitive to waterborne Cu than G. fossarum. Finally, as observed for G. fossarum, the combined exposure to OFM over 24 days negatively affected leaf consumption and the physiology (i.e., growth and lipid reserves) of C. villosa. While no combined Cu effects were observed for larval leaf consumption, contrasting to the observations for G. fossarum, the physiology of both shredders was negatively affected, despite partly differing effect sizes and directions. Our results suggest that C. villosa and G. fossarum are of comparable sensitivity towards waterborne and diet-related organic fungicide exposure, whereas the trichopteran is less sensitive to Cu-based waterborne fungicide exposure. However, when both pathways act jointly, organic and inorganic fungicides can affect the physiology of shredder species with completely different life history strategies. As caddisflies represent a subsidy for terrestrial consumers, these observations indicate that fungicide exposure might not only affect aquatic ecosystem functioning but also the flux of energy across ecosystem boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Konschak
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - J P Zubrod
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, D-76857 Eußerthal, Germany
| | - P Baudy
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - D Englert
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - B Herrmann
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - R Schulz
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, D-76857 Eußerthal, Germany
| | - M Bundschuh
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, SWE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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25
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Coble KF, Wu F, DeRouchey JM, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, Goodband RD, Woodworth JC, Usry JL. Effect of standardized ileal digestible lysine and added copper on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fat quality of finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:3249-3263. [PMID: 29762786 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Two, 120-d, experiments were conducted to determine the effects of standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys), added Cu (tribasic copper chloride, Intellibond C; Micronutrients, Inc., Indianapolis, IN), and duration of Cu supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fat quality in finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 1,248 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050; initially 29.0 kg) were allotted to one of six dietary treatments, balanced on average pen weight in a randomized complete-block design with 26 pigs per pen and eight replications per treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial with main effects of SID Lys (85, 92.5, and 100% of the estimated requirement) and added Cu (0 or 150 mg/kg). There were no Cu × SID Lys interactions observed for growth performance or liver Cu concentrations. Increasing SID Lys increased (linear, P < 0.05) ADG, feed efficiency (G:F), final weight, and HCW. Pigs fed 150 mg/kg added Cu had marginally increased (P < 0.10) ADG, G:F, and final weight. Liver Cu concentrations were greater (P = 0.001) in pigs fed added Cu. A marginal Cu × Lys interaction (P = 0.052) was observed for jowl fat iodine value (IV) as increasing SID Lys in pigs fed added Cu increased IV, but decreased IV in pigs not fed added Cu. For Exp. 2, 1,267 pigs (PIC 337 × 1,050; initially 26.4 kg) were allotted to one of eight dietary treatments arranged in a split-plot design. Whole-plot treatments included SID Lys (92.5 or 100% of the estimated requirement) and within each Lys level, there was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with either 0 or 150 mg/kg added Cu and two feeding durations (60 or 120 d). Added Cu did not affect growth performance. Pigs fed 100% of the SID Lys requirement had increased (P < 0.05) ADG, G:F, and final weight compared with those fed 92.5%. A Cu × SID Lys interaction (P < 0.05) was observed for carcass yield and backfat depth. Pigs fed 92.5% SID Lys had increased carcass yield and decreased backfat depth with added Cu; however, pigs fed 100% SID Lys had decreased carcass yield and increased backfat depth with added Cu. Hot carcass weight was increased (P < 0.05) by feeding 100% SID Lys and was marginally (P < 0.10) increased by adding Cu to the diets. In summary, the growth response to added Cu was inconsistent between experiments; however, increasing SID Lys improved growth performance and carcass characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle F Coble
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Fangzhou Wu
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Joel M DeRouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Steve S Dritz
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Robert D Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Jason C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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26
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Coble KF, Burnett DD, DeRouchey JM, Tokach MD, Gonzalez JM, Wu F, Dritz SS, Goodband RD, Woodworth JC, Pluske JR. Effect of diet type and added copper on growth performance, carcass characteristics, energy digestibility, gut morphology, and mucosal mRNA expression of finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:3288-3301. [PMID: 29762715 PMCID: PMC6095252 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 757 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050; initially 27.6 kg BW) were used in a 117-d experiment to determine the effects of added Cu from tribasic copper chloride and diet type on growth performance, carcass characteristics, energy digestibility, gut morphology, and mucosal mRNA expression of finishing pigs. Pens of pigs were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments, balanced on average pen weight in a randomized complete block design with 26 to 28 pigs per pen and 7 replications per treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of diet type, a corn-soybean meal-based diet (corn-soy) or a high by-product diet (by-product) with 30% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and 15% bakery meal, and added Cu (0 or 150 mg/kg added Cu). There were no Cu × diet type interactions for growth performance. Overall, neither added Cu nor diet type influenced growth performance. However, caloric efficiency was decreased (P = 0.001) for pigs fed the by-product diet compared to the corn-soy diet. Pigs fed the by-product diet had decreased (P < 0.05) carcass yield and carcass G:F) and marginally decreased (P < 0.07) HCW and carcass ADG compared to pigs fed the corn-soy diet. A Cu × diet type interaction (P < 0.05) existed for DM and GE digestibility during the early finishing period as added Cu improved (P < 0.05) digestibility of DM and GE in the corn-soy diet, but not in the by-product diet. During the late finishing period, added Cu marginally increased (P = 0.060) DM and GE digestibility while pigs fed the by-product diet had decreased DM and GE digestibility (P = 0.001) compared to those fed the corn-soy diet. For gut morphology, pigs fed added Cu had decreased crypt depth (P = 0.017) in the distal small intestine compared to those fed no added Cu. Furthermore, relative mRNA expression of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP) was decreased (P = 0.032) in pigs fed added Cu compared to those fed no added Cu. In summary, adding 150 mg/kg added Cu or including 30% DDGS and 15% bakery meal into a corn-soy diet did not influence growth performance. However, HCW ADG and HCW G:F were reduced in pigs fed the by-product diet compared to the corn-soy diet. Only minor differences in gut morphology or mRNA expression were observed from feeding diets with high levels of Cu or by-products compared to a corn-soy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle F Coble
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Derris D Burnett
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS
| | - Joel M DeRouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - John M Gonzalez
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Fangzhou Wu
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Steve S Dritz
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Robert D Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Jason C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - John R Pluske
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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27
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Espinosa CD, Fry RS, Usry JL, Stein HH. Copper hydroxychloride improves growth performance and reduces diarrhea frequency of weanling pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet but does not change apparent total tract digestibility of energy and acid hydrolyzed ether extract. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:5447-5454. [PMID: 29293761 PMCID: PMC6357799 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to determine effects of Cu hydroxychloride on DE and ME, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and acid hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), and growth performance of pigs fed a diet based on corn and soybean meal (SBM). In Exp. 1, 80 weanling pigs (6.80 ± 1.69 kg) were allotted to 2 treatments with 4 pigs per pen and 10 pen replicates per diet. Pigs were fed a corn-SBM control diet that had Cu added to meet the requirement. A second diet was formulated by adding 150 mg Cu/kg from Cu hydroxychloride to the control diet. Both diets were fed for 4 wk. Results indicated that ADG, G:F, and final BW were greater ( ≤ 0.05) and fecal scores were reduced ( ≤ 0.05) for pigs fed the diet containing150 mg Cu/kg as hydroxychloride compared with pigs fed the control diet. In Exp. 2, 36 barrows (9.89 ± 1.21 kg) were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments and placed in metabolism crates. The control diet was based on corn and SBM and contained 20 mg Cu/kg. Two additional diets were formulated by adding 100 or 200 mg Cu/kg from Cu hydroxychloride to the control diet. Diets were fed for 28 d, with feces and urine being collected from d 9 to 14, d 16 to 21, and d 23 to 28. The DE and ME of diets and the ATTD of GE and AEE were not affected by dietary Cu concentrations, but increased ( < 0.01) by collection period. In Exp. 3, 150 pigs (10.22 ± 1.25 kg) were fed the same 3 diets as used in Exp. 2. Diets were provided on an ad libitum basis for 4 wk. Fecal scores were recorded, and on the last day of the experiment, blood samples were collected and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IgA, blood urea N, total protein, and albumin were measured. Phase 1 ADG and G:F and final BW on d 28 were greater ( ≤ 0.05) for pigs fed diets containing 100 or 200 mg Cu/kg supplemented by Cu hydroxychloride compared with pigs fed the control diet. Pigs fed the diets supplemented with Cu hydroxychloride also had reduced ( ≤ 0.05) overall fecal scores and diarrhea frequency compared with pigs fed the control diet. However, no differences among treatments were observed for concentrations of TNF-α, IgA, blood urea N, total protein, or albumin. In conclusion, supplementation of Cu as Cu hydroxychloride to diets fed to weanling pigs improved growth performance and reduced diarrhea frequency, but this did not appear to be a result of increased digestibility of energy or AEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Espinosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
Urbana 61801
| | - R. S. Fry
- Micronutrients Inc., Indianapolis, IN 46241
| | - J. L. Usry
- Micronutrients Inc., Indianapolis, IN 46241
| | - H. H. Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
Urbana 61801
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801
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Rochell SJ, Usry JL, Parr TM, Parsons CM, Dilger RN. Effects of dietary copper and amino acid density on growth performance, apparent metabolizable energy, and nutrient digestibility in Eimeria acervulina-challenged broilers. Poult Sci 2017; 96:602-610. [PMID: 27613856 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of copper supplementation in diets varying in amino acid (AA) density on growth performance, apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), apparent ileal nutrient digestibility (AID), and plasma carotenoids in broilers infected with Eimeria acervulina. Ross 308 male broilers (480 total) were housed in battery cages and allotted to 8 experimental treatments in a factorial arrangement of 2 dietary AA densities [1.00% (LAA) or 1.20% (HAA) digestible Lys], 2 supplemental copper concentrations (zero or 116 mg/kg), and 2 E. acervulina infection states (uninfected or infected). Essential AA ratios relative to digestible Lys were similar in both the LAA and HAA diets, and copper was provided by 200 mg/kg of tribasic copper chloride (58% copper). Chicks received experimental diets from 2 to 21 d post hatch and 6 replicate cages of 10 birds per cage were assigned to each treatment. Broilers were inoculated with zero or 6.3 × 105 sporulated E. acervulina oocysts at 15 d and blood and ileal digesta were collected at 21 days. From 2 to 15 d, body weight gain and G:F of broilers were improved (P < 0.05) with increasing AA density, and an AA density × copper interaction was observed (P < 0.05) for feed intake. Eimeria infection reduced (P < 0.05) plasma carotenoids, growth performance, dietary AMEn, and AID of organic matter, nitrogen, and total AA. There were no interactive effects of dietary treatments with E. acervulina infection on broiler growth performance or dietary AMEn. An AA density × copper supplementation interaction was observed (P < 0.05) for AID of total AA, whereby copper supplementation increased AID of total AA for birds fed the LAA diet and decreased AID of total AA for birds fed the HAA diet. In summary, E. acervulina-induced reductions in nutrient digestibility were dependent on dietary copper and AA status, but changes in digestibility had minimal impact on growth performance of broilers during the E. acervulina infection period.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Rochell
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana
| | - J L Usry
- Micronutrients USA, Indianapolis, IN
| | - T M Parr
- Micronutrients USA, Indianapolis, IN
| | - C M Parsons
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana
| | - R N Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana
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Liao P, Li M, Li Y, Tan X, Zhao F, Shu X, Yin Y. Effects of dietary supplementation with cupreous N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) chelate and copper sulfate on growth performance, serum biochemical profile and immune response, tissue mineral levels and fecal excretion of mineral in weaning piglets. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1339668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunhu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangwen Tan
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Furen Zhao
- The Third High School of Shaodong, Shaodong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xugang Shu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Bikker P, Jongbloed AW, van Baal J. Dose-dependent effects of copper supplementation of nursery diets on growth performance and fecal consistency in weaned pigs1. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Kiarie E, Walsh MC, Nyachoti CM. Performance, digestive function, and mucosal responses to selected feed additives for pigs. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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32
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Liu Z, Wu X, Zhang T, Cui H, Guo J, Guo Q, Gao X, Yang F. Influence of dietary copper concentrations on growth performance, serum lipid profiles, antioxidant defenses, and fur quality in growing–furring male blue foxes (Vulpes lagopus)1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1095-104. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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33
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Mei SF, Yu B, Ju CF, Zhu D, Chen DW. Effect of different levels of copper on growth performance and cecal ecosystem of newly weaned piglets. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2010.e71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Wu XZ, Zhang TT, Guo JG, Liu Z, Yang FH, Gao XH. Copper bioavailability, blood parameters, and nutrient balance in mink. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:176-84. [PMID: 25568366 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A 3 × 3 + 1 factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of different sources of copper on plasma metabolites, nutrient digestibility, relative copper bioavailability, and retention of some minerals in male mink. Animals in the control group were fed a basal diet, which mainly consisted of corn, fish meal, meat and bone meal, and soybean oil, with no copper supplementation. Mink in the other 9 treatments were fed the basal diet supplemented with Cu from reagent-grade copper sulfate (CuSO4), tribasic copper chloride (TBCC), or copper methionine (CuMet). Copper concentrations of the experimental diets were 50, 100, and 150 mg Cu/kg DM. Blood samples were collected via the toe clip at the end of study (d 42) to determine blood hematology and blood metabolites. A metabolism trial of 4 d was conducted during the last week of experimental feeding. There was a linear (P < 0.01) effect of dose of Cu on plasma Cu concentrations, ceruloplasmin concentration, and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity. A linear response to Cu dose was noted for fat (P < 0.05) digestibility. Supplemental dose of Cu linearly increased (P < 0.05) liver Cu and decreased (P < 0.05) liver Zn level but did not alter liver Fe. The concentration of liver Cu of the mink fed with TBCC and CuMet diets was greater (P < 0.05) than that fed CuSO4. Compared with CuSO4 (100%), relative bioavailability values of TBCC were 104 and 104%, based on serum ceruloplasmin and liver copper, respectively, and relative bioavailability values of CuMet were 130 and 111%. CuMet and TBCC are more bioavailable than CuSO4. In conclusion, the relative bioavailability of CuMet obtained in this study was greater than that of CuSO4 and TBCC. Dose of Cu had an important effect on the regulating ceruloplasmin concentration, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity, and the digestion of dietary fat in mink.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Wu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, Jilin 130112, China
| | - T T Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, Jilin 130112, China
| | - J G Guo
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Z Liu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - F H Yang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, Jilin 130112, China State Key Lab for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun City, Jilin 130112, China
| | - X H Gao
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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35
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Liu Z, Wu X, Zhang T, Guo J, Gao X, Yang F, Xing X. Effects of Dietary Copper and Zinc Supplementation on Growth Performance, Tissue Mineral Retention, Antioxidant Status, and Fur Quality in Growing-Furring Blue Foxes (Alopex lagopus). Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 168:401-10. [PMID: 26032444 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A 4×2 factorial experiment with four supplemental levels of copper (0, 20, 40, or 60 mg copper per kg dry matter) from copper sulfate and two supplemental levels of zinc (40 or 200 mg zinc per kg dry matter) from zinc sulfate was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary copper and zinc supplementation on growth performance, tissue mineral retention, antioxidant status, and fur quality in growing-furring blue foxes. One hundred and twenty healthy 15-week-old male blue foxes were randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments with 15 replicates per treatment for a 70-day trial from mid-September to pelting in December. The average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were increased with copper supplementation in the first 35 days as well as the overall period (P<0.05). In addition, copper supplementation tended to increase feed intake during the first 35 days (P<0.10). Diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg zinc did not affect body gain (P>0.10) and feed intake (P>0.10) but improved feed conversion (P<0.05) compared with those supplemented 40 mg/kg zinc throughout the experiment. No copper×zinc interaction was observed for growth performance except that a tendency (P=0.09) was found for feed intake in the first 35 days. Supplementation of copper or zinc improved crude fat digestibility (P<0.01) but had no effects on the digestibility of other nutrients. Fecal copper was increased with both copper (P<0.01) and zinc addition (P<0.05). However, fecal zinc was affected only by dietary zinc addition (P<0.01). Mineral contents in serum and kidney were not affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). However, the level of copper in the liver was increased with copper supplementation (P<0.05) and tended to decrease with zinc supplementation (P=0.08). Dietary zinc addition tended to increase the activity of alkaline phosphatase (P=0.07). The activities of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and catalase tended to increase by copper (P=0.08) and zinc addition (P=0.05). Moreover, a copper×zinc interaction was observed for catalase in the experiment (P<0.05). Serum malondialdehyde concentration decreased with the increasing of dietary copper and zinc levels (P<0.05). The activity of glutathione peroxidase tended to increase by copper addition (P=0.09). For fur quality, foxes fed diets supplemented with high copper had larger skin length and darker pelts than those fed the basal diet without copper addition (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dietary copper and zinc supplementation can improve growth by increasing feed intake and improving fat digestibility. Additionally, copper and zinc can enhance the antioxidant capacity of blue foxes. This study also indicates that additional zinc up to 200 mg/kg did not exert significant adverse effects on the copper metabolism of growing-furring blue foxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
- State Key Lab for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun City, Jilin, 130112, China.
| | - Xuezhuang Wu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tietao Zhang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, Jilin, 130112, China
- State Key Lab for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun City, Jilin, 130112, China
| | - Jungang Guo
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuhua Gao
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Fuhe Yang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, Jilin, 130112, China
- State Key Lab for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun City, Jilin, 130112, China
| | - Xiumei Xing
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun City, Jilin, 130112, China
- State Key Lab for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun City, Jilin, 130112, China
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36
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Wang Q, Zhang Y, Bai D, Chen C, Guo Y, Xing K. Estimation of Dietary Copper (Cu) Requirement of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther. LECTURE NOTES IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-45657-6_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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37
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Wu X, Zhang T, Liu Z, Zheng J, Guo J, Yang F, Gao X. Effects of different sources and levels of copper on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and elemental balance in young female mink (Mustela vison). Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:212-21. [PMID: 24962642 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted in a 3 × 3 + 1 factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of different sources of copper on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and elemental balance in young female mink on a corn-fishmeal-based diet. Animals in the control group were fed a basal diet (containing 8.05 mg Cu/kg DM; control), which mainly consisted of corn, fish meal, meat bone meal, and soybean oil, with no copper supplementation. Minks in other nine treatments were fed basal diets supplemented with Cu from reagent-grade copper sulfate, tribasic copper chloride (TBCC) and copper methionate. Cu concentrations of experiment diets were 10, 25, and 40 mg/kg copper. A metabolism trial of 4 days was conducted during the last week of experimental feeding. Final body weight and average daily gain increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) as Cu increased in the diet; maximal growth was seen in the Cu25 group. Cu supplementation slightly improved the feed conversion rate (P = 0.095). Apparent fat digestibility was increased by copper level (P = 0.020). Retention nitrogen was increased by copper level (linear, P = 0.003). Copper source had a significant effect on copper retention with Cu-Met and copper sulfate treatments retention more than TBCC treatments (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that mink can efficiently utilize added dietary fat and that Cu plays an important role in the digestion of dietary fat in mink, and mink can efficiently utilize Cu-Met and CuSO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhuang Wu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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38
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Wu X, Liu Z, Zhang T, Yang Y, Yang F, Gao X. Effects of dietary copper on nutrient digestibility, tissular copper deposition and fur quality of growing-furring mink (Mustela vison). Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 158:166-75. [PMID: 24668161 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of dietary copper (Cu) on growth performance and fur quality in growing-furring minks. One hundred and five standard dark female minks were randomly assigned to seven groups with the following dietary treatments: basal diet with no supplemental Cu (control) and basal diet supplemented with either 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 or 192 mg/kg Cu from copper sulphate, respectively. Our data showed that final body weight (P = 0.033), daily gain (P = 0.029) and fat digestibility (P = 0.0006) responded to increasing levels of Cu. The activity of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in serum increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) as Cu increased in the diet. Increasing Cu improved total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) (quadratic, P < 0.05). The level of ceruloplasmin (CER) responded in a linear (P < 0.0001) and quadratic (P < 0.0001) form with increasing level of Cu. Colour intensity of those minks pelted suggested that relatively high levels of supplemental Cu have a beneficial effect on intensifying hair colour of dark mink but did not affect leather thickness. Liver Cu and plasma Cu concentrations of the mink linearly (P < 0.0001) responded to increasing levels of Cu. Our results indicate that growing-furring mink can efficiently utilize added dietary fat and that Cu plays an important role in the digestion of dietary fat in growing-furring mink, and supplemental dietary Cu in growing-furring mink promotes fat digestion and improve hair colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhuang Wu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yang W, Wang J, Liu L, Zhu X, Wang X, Liu Z, Wang Z, Yang L, Liu G. Effect of high dietary copper on somatostatin and growth hormone-releasing hormone levels in the hypothalami of growing pigs. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:893-900. [PMID: 21110139 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of dietary copper supplementation on somatostatin (SS) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) mRNA expression levels in the hypothalami of growing pigs. A total of 45 crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to three groups of 15 pigs each; five replicates of three animals comprised each group. Pigs were allocated to diets that contained 5 mg/kg copper (control), 125 mg/kg copper sulfate, or 125 mg/kg copper methionine. At the end of the experiment, five pigs were selected at random from each group and slaughtered, and hypothalami were collected for determination of SS and GHRH mRNA expression levels. The results showed that the SS expression levels were lower and the GHRH levels were higher in pigs fed the diets with 125 mg/kg copper methionine (P<0.05) and 125 mg/kg copper sulfate (P<0.05), respectively, than in pigs fed the diet with 5 mg/kg copper. Furthermore, the relationship between SS mRNA and GHRH mRNA abundance had a significantly negative correlation (P<0.05). The data indicated that high dietary copper could enhance GHRH mRNA expression levels and suppress SS mRNA expression levels in the hypothalami of pigs. High lever dietary copper (125 mg/kg copper sulfate or 125 mg/kg copper methionine) increased pigs' growth performance and feed efficiency but had no significant effect on daily feed intake; 125 mg/kg copper sulfate or 125 mg/kg copper methionine at the same lever had no difference on growth promoting in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
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40
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Untea A, Criste R, Panaite T, Costache I. Effect of the dietary oregano (Origanum vulgare) on Cu and Zn balance in weaned piglets. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2011; 25 Suppl 1:S35-40. [PMID: 21168317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 4-week study conducted on 20 weaned piglets (average initial weight 15 kg) evaluated the effects of dietary oregano (Origanum vulgare) used in the presence/absence of phytase on the Cu and Zn balance, while reducing/eliminating their inclusion in the diet as inorganic salts. Oregano was harvested from the wild flora. The Cu and Zn concentrations that were taken into consideration (9.85 ppm and 53.31 pmm, respectively) were the consensus values obtained in an interlaboratory study. The piglets were assigned to 4 groups (C, E1, E2, E3), housed in individual metabolic cages and fed on corn-soybean meal-based diets. The diet of the control group (C) with addition of 1% inorganic mineral premix (MP), contained: 40.92 ppm Cu, 144.96 ppm Zn. The experimental diets differed from the C diet as follows: E1--3% oregano, 0% phytase (5000 PU/g), 0% MP; E2--3% oregano, 0.01% phytase, 0% MP; E3--3% oregano, 0% phytase, 0.5% MP, E4--3% oregano, 0.01% phytase, 0,5% premix. For groups E1, E2, E3 and E4, 0.5% Zn of the MP were included in the diet, because the dietary oregano amount did not meet the requirements (NRC) for piglets. The mineral balance was determined during 3 periods of 5 days each. The levels of Cu and Zn were measured by FAAS in the samples (weekly samples/piglet) of ingesta, faeces and urine. It was noticed that although the dietary Cu ingested by the groups without MP was 75% (10.08 ppm) lower than C, the absorption coefficients were only 47% (28.83) lower than for group C (54.22%), while in the groups with 0.5% MP, the absorption was just 10% (48.86%) lower than for group C. For Zn, where the amount ingested by the experimental groups was 33% (97.62 ppm) lower than for group C, the absorption coefficients were just 20% (46.3%) lower than for group C (57.64%). No significant differences were noticed for Cu and Zn in terms of apparent absorption, between the groups with/without phytase. The deposits of Cu and Zn in the main organs and serum (from slaughtered piglets) were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabela Untea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 2-14 Blvd. Regina Elisabeta, 030018 Bucharest, Romania.
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41
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Pluske JR, Pethick DW, Hopwood DE, Hampson DJ. Nutritional influences on some major enteric bacterial diseases of pig. Nutr Res Rev 2009; 15:333-71. [PMID: 19087411 DOI: 10.1079/nrr200242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There are several enteric bacterial diseases and conditions of pigs that require control to prevent overt disease, to reduce morbidity and mortality, and to improve the efficiency of production. Traditionally, veterinarians, feed manufacturers and producers have relied upon antibiotics and minerals (for example, ZnO, CuSO4) in diets for a large part of this control. However, recent trends, particularly in Europe, are to reduce antimicrobial use and seek alternative or replacement strategies for controlling enteric bacterial diseases. The majority of these strategies rely on 'nutrition', taken in its broadest sense, to reduce the susceptibility of pigs to these diseases. Evidence to date suggests that specific dietary interventions, for example feeding very highly-digestible diets based on cooked white rice, can reduce the proliferation of a number of specific enteric bacterial infections, such as post-weaning colibacillosis. No simple and universal way to reduce susceptibility to pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract has been identified, and the underlying basis for many of the reported positive effects of 'nutrition' on controlling enteric infections lacks robust, scientific understanding. This makes it difficult to recommend dietary guidelines to prevent or reduce enteric bacterial diseases. Furthermore, some diseases, such as porcine intestinal spirochaetosis caused by Brachyspira pilosicoli, are sometimes associated with other pathogens (co-infections). In such cases, each pathogen might have different nutrient requirements, ecological niches and patterns of metabolism for which a variety of dietary interventions are needed to ameliorate the disease. Greater understanding of how 'nutrition' influences gut epithelial biology and immunobiology, and their interactions with both commensal and pathogenic bacteria, holds promise as a means of tackling enteric disease without antimicrobial agents. In addition, it is important to consider the overall system (i.e. management, housing, welfare) of pig production in the context of controlling enteric bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Pluske
- Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
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Effects of nanocopper on copper availability and nutrients digestibility, growth performance and serum traits of piglets. Livest Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sharma DC, Kochar B, Bhardwaj A, Riyat M, Sharma P. Effect of ingestion of copper bhasm on red cell indices, iron parameters and essential elements in chicks. Indian J Clin Biochem 2009; 24:245-9. [PMID: 23105843 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-009-0046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to scientifically evaluate the effect of copper bhasm, it was orally administered in a dose of 2 mg/day for seven days to one month old male chicks. There was significant fall in total red cells, and rise in plasma iron, PCV and MCV indicating hemolysis, compensated by increased heme synthesis. A significant increase in plasma iron binding capacity points to beneficial effect of copper bhasm on liver as transferrin is synthesized in liver. Ferritin (storage iron) was unaltered in seven days treatment. The effect of copper bhasm on tissue distribution of essential elements was variable. Calcium, sodium and potassium were significantly increased in all the tissues. The last two may have been contributed by the bhasm itself. Magnesium behaviour was similar to calcium. Iron and zinc showed variable effects. Copper level in whole blood, plasma and erythrocytes increased significantly showing that copper bhasm was well absorbed and the effect observed can be ascribed to it. The bhasm was well tolerated and no growth retardation was seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, S. P. Medical College, Bikaner, India ; Department of Biochemistry, S.G.T Dental College, Budhera, Gurgaon, 123505 Haryana India
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Güçlü BK, Kara K, Beyaz L, Uyanik F, Eren M, Atasever A. Influence of dietary copper proteinate on performance, selected biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation, liver, and egg copper content in laying hens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2008; 125:160-9. [PMID: 18536874 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the effects of copper proteinate on performance, blood chemistry, lipid peroxidation status, and organs as well as copper deposition in the liver and eggs of laying hens. Seventy-two 30-week-old Bovans laying hens were distributed into four groups with three replicates. Animals were fed basal diet containing at least 17% crude protein and 2,800 kcal/kg metabolizable energy supplemented with either 0, 150, 300, or 450 mg/kg copper as copper proteinate. Supplementation of 150 and 300 mg/kg copper increased egg production, whereas 450 mg/kg copper decreased (p < 0.001). Liver copper levels were elevated in 300 and 450 mg/kg copper-supplemented groups (p < 0.001). Egg copper contents increased in all treatment groups (p < 0.01). An increase in glucose (p < 0.001) and decreases in albumin (p < 0.01) and total cholesterol (p < 0.05) levels were determined with 300 and 450 mg/kg copper. Supplementation of 450 mg/kg copper increased alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activities (p < 0.05), malondialdehyde, and high-density lipoprotein levels (p < 0.01) but decreased alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities (p < 0.01). No gross and microscopic changes were observed in the liver and kidneys. These results indicated that 150 and 300 mg/kg copper increased egg production without having marked adverse effects, but 450 mg/kg copper altered some blood chemistry variables and reduced egg production in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Kocaoğlu Güçlü
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, Kocasinan, 38090, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Li S, Luo X, Lu L, Liu B, Kuang X, Shao G, Yu S. Effect of Intravenously Injected Manganese on the Gene Expression of Manganese-Containing Superoxide Dismutase in Broilers. Poult Sci 2008; 87:2259-65. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2007-00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Influence of dietary inorganic and organic copper salt and level of soybean oil on plasma lipids, metabolites and mineral balance of broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Datta C, Mondal M, Biswas P. Influence of dietary inorganic and organic form of copper salt on performance, plasma lipids and nutrient utilization of Black Bengal (Capra hircus) goat kids. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hedemann MS, Jensen BB, Poulsen HD. Influence of dietary zinc and copper on digestive enzyme activity and intestinal morphology in weaned pigs1. J Anim Sci 2006; 84:3310-20. [PMID: 17093223 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2005-701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of high dietary concentrations of Zn as zinc oxide and Cu as copper sulfate on the activity of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and the intestinal mucosa, intestinal morphology, and mucin histochemistry in pigs after weaning. Thirty-two pigs were weaned at 4 wk of age. The pigs were fed standard weaning diets supplemented with Zn (100 or 2,500 ppm) and Cu (0 or 175 ppm) in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments for a 14-d period. In pancreatic tissue, the activity of amylase, carboxypeptidase A, chymotrypsin, trypsin, and lipase increased (P < 0.01) in pigs fed 2,500 ppm of Zn, whereas the activity of carboxypeptidase B and carboxylester hydrolase was unaffected. Copper had no effect on the activity of pancreatic enzymes. In small intestinal contents, the total activity of amylase and carboxypeptidase A was greater in pigs fed 100 ppm of Zn (P < 0.05), whereas feeding 2,500 ppm of Zn increased the chymotrypsin activity (P < 0.001). The remaining enzymes were unaffected by dietary Zn concentration. The villi were longer in the cranial small intestine (P < 0.001) in pigs fed 100 ppm of Zn than in pigs fed 2,500 ppm of Zn, but otherwise there were no clear effects of Zn and Cu supplementation on intestinal morphology. In the cranial small intestine, the activity of maltase (P < 0.001), sucrase (P < 0.001), and lactase was greater in pigs fed 100 ppm of Zn, even though there was a Zn x Cu interaction (P < 0.05) in lactase activity. In the middle and caudal small intestine, no clear differences between dietary treatments were observed. The activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the intestinal mucosa was not affected by dietary Zn or Cu. In pigs fed 100 ppm of Zn, the activity of aminopeptidase N was greater in the caudal small intestine, but dietary Zn or Cu had no effect on aminopeptidase N in the cranial and middle small intestine. No effect of dietary Zn or Cu supplementation was found on carbohydrate histochemistry in the caudal small intestine, whereas high dietary Zn increased the area of neutral, acidic, and sulfomucins in the cecum (P < 0.01) and in the colon (P < 0.001). In summary, high dietary Zn increased the activity of several enzymes in the pancreatic tissue and increased the mucin staining area in the large intestine, whereas Cu had no clear effect on these variables. However, no definite answers were found as to how the growth promoting and diarrhea reducing effects of excess dietary Zn are exerted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hedemann
- Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Nutrition, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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Lu L, Ji C, Luo X, Liu B, Yu S. The effect of supplemental manganese in broiler diets on abdominal fat deposition and meat quality. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dietary means to better control the environmental impact of copper and zinc by pigs from weaning to slaughter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livprodsci.2003.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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