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Alegbeleye O, Rhee MS. Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh vegetables and vegetable salad products: An update on influencing intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13423. [PMID: 39169547 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The ability of foodborne pathogens to grow in food products increases the associated food safety risks. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a highly adaptable pathogen that can survive and grow under a wide range of environmental circumstances, including otherwise inhibitory conditions, such as restrictive cold temperatures. It can also survive long periods under adverse environmental conditions. This review examines the experimental evidence available for the survival and growth of Lm on fresh vegetables and ready-to-eat vegetable salads. Published data indicate that, depending on certain intrinsic (e.g., nutrient composition) and extrinsic factors (e.g., storage temperature, packaging atmosphere), Lm can survive on and in a wide variety of vegetables and fresh-cut minimally processed vegetable salads. Studies have shown that temperature, modified atmosphere packaging, relative humidity, pH, water activity, background microbiota of vegetables, microbial strain peculiarities, and nutrient type and availability can significantly impact the fate of Lm in vegetables and vegetable salads. The influence of these factors can either promote its growth or decline. For example, some studies have shown that background microbiota inhibit the growth of Lm in vegetables and minimally processed vegetable salads, but others have reported a promoting, neutral, or insignificant effect on the growth of Lm. A review of relevant literature also indicated that the impact of most influencing factors is related to or interacts with other intrinsic or extrinsic factors. This literature synthesis contributes to the body of knowledge on possible strategies for improving food safety measures to minimize the risk of Lm-associated foodborne outbreaks involving vegetables and vegetable salads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadara Alegbeleye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Min Suk Rhee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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2
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Stamm CE, McFarland AP, Locke MN, Tabakh H, Tang Q, Thomason MK, Woodward JJ. RECON gene disruption enhances host resistance to enable genome-wide evaluation of intracellular pathogen fitness during infection. mBio 2024; 15:e0133224. [PMID: 38940553 PMCID: PMC11323731 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01332-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) is a powerful genome-wide technique to assess bacterial fitness under varying growth conditions. However, screening via Tn-seq in vivo is challenging. Dose limitations and host restrictions create bottlenecks that diminish the transposon mutant pool being screened. Here, we have developed a murine model with a disruption in Akr1c13 that renders the resulting RECON-/- mouse resistant to high-dose infection. We leveraged this model to perform a Tn-seq screen of the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes in vivo. We identified 135 genes which were required for L. monocytogenes growth in mice including novel genes not previously identified for host survival. We identified organ-specific requirements for L. monocytogenes survival and investigated the role of the folate enzyme FolD in L. monocytogenes liver pathogenesis. A mutant lacking folD was impaired for growth in murine livers by 2.5-log10 compared to wild type and failed to spread cell-to-cell in fibroblasts. In contrast, a mutant in alsR, which encodes a transcription factor that represses an operon involved in D-allose catabolism, was attenuated in both livers and spleens of mice by 4-log10 and 3-log10, respectively, but showed modest phenotypes in in vitro models. We confirmed that dysregulation of the D-allose catabolism operon is responsible for the in vivo growth defect, as deletion of the operon in the ∆alsR background rescued virulence. By undertaking an unbiased, genome-wide screen in mice, we have identified novel fitness determinants for L. monocytogenes host infection, which highlights the utility of the RECON-/- mouse model for future screening efforts. IMPORTANCE Listeria monocytogenes is the gram-positive bacterium responsible for the food-borne disease listeriosis. Although infections with L. monocytogenes are limiting in healthy hosts, vulnerable populations, including pregnant and elderly people, can experience high rates of mortality. Thus, understanding the breadth of genetic requirements for L. monocytogenes in vivo survival will present new opportunities for treatment and prevention of listeriosis. We developed a murine model of infection using a RECON-/- mouse that is restrictive to systemic L. monocytogenes infection. We utilized this model to screen for L. monocytogenes genes required in vivo via transposon sequencing. We identified the liver-specific gene folD and a repressor, alsR, that only exhibits an in vivo growth defect. AlsR controls the expression of the D-allose operon which is a marker in diagnostic techniques to identify pathogenic Listeria. A better understanding of the role of the D-allose operon in human disease may further inform diagnostic and prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E. Stamm
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adelle P. McFarland
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Melissa N. Locke
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hannah Tabakh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maureen K. Thomason
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joshua J. Woodward
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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3
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Roila R, Stefanetti V, Carboni F, Altissimi C, Ranucci D, Valiani A, Branciari R. Antilisterial activity of olive-derived polyphenols: an experimental study on meat preparations. Ital J Food Saf 2024; 13:12447. [PMID: 39301142 PMCID: PMC11411407 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2024.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pork meat and processed pork products have been linked to multiple listeriosis outbreaks worldwide during the past few years. Specifically, it has been highlighted that minced pork meat is easily perishable and may increase the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, which could be harmful to the general public's health. This study aimed to investigate the potential application of olive oil mill wastewater polyphenolic and red beet extracts as natural antimicrobial agents for L. monocytogenes growth control in burgers. The minced pork meat was mixed with the extracts and experimentally inoculated with L. monocytogenes, then molded into vacuum-packaged and cold-stored (4±1°C) burgers kept under alternating exposure to fluorescent light. The L. monocytogenes enumeration was performed on burgers at 0, 2, 5, and 10 days of shelf life. In uninoculated burgers, physicochemical (pH, water activity, color) and sensory determination (descriptive sensory analysis) were also conducted. At the end of storage, the samples treated with olive-derived extract showed the lowest value of L. monocytogenes (approximately 1.3 Log CFU/g). The physicochemical and sensory traits of burgers have benefited from the addition of both olive-derived and red beet extracts. Results suggest that olive mill wastewater polyphenolic extracts could be added to minced pork meat products to act as a natural antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Roila
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia
| | - Valentina Stefanetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Telematic University, Rome
| | | | | | - David Ranucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia
| | - Andrea Valiani
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Umbria and Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
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4
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Rohilla A, Kumar V, Ahire JJ. Unveiling the persistent threat: recent insights into Listeria monocytogenes adaptation, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity in foodborne infections. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:1428-1438. [PMID: 38966782 PMCID: PMC11219595 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Listeriosis is a severe disease caused by the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, posing a significant risk to vulnerable populations such as the elderly, pregnant women, and newborns. While relatively uncommon, it has a high global mortality rate of 20-30%. Recent research indicates that smaller outbreaks of the more severe, invasive form of the disease occur more frequently than previously thought, despite the overall stable infection rates of L. monocytogenes over the past 10 years. The ability of L. monocytogenes to form biofilm structures on various surfaces in food production environments contributes to its persistence and challenges in eradication, potentially leading to contamination of food and food production facilities. To address these concerns, this review focuses on recent developments in epidemiology, risk evaluations, and molecular mechanisms of L. monocytogenes survival in adverse conditions and environmental adaptation. Additionally, it covers new insights into strain variability, pathogenicity, mutations, and host vulnerability, emphasizing the important events framework that elucidates the biochemical pathways from ingestion to infection. Understanding the adaptation approaches of L. monocytogenes to environmental stress factors is crucial for the development of effective and affordable pathogen control techniques in the food industry, ensuring the safety of food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Rohilla
- Institute of Biology Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, 131028 India
| | - Jayesh J. Ahire
- Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Limited, Ameerpet, Hyderabad, 500016 India
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5
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Garcia-Gutierrez E, Monteoliva García G, Bodea I, Cotter PD, Iguaz A, Garre A. A secondary model for the effect of pH on the variability in growth fitness of Listeria innocua strains. Food Res Int 2024; 186:114314. [PMID: 38729708 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Variability in microbial growth is a keystone of modern Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment (QMRA). However, there are still significant knowledge gaps on how to model variability, with the most common assumption being that variability is constant. This is implemented by an error term (with constant variance) added on top of the secondary growth model (for the square root of the growth rate). However, this may go against microbial ecology principles, where differences in growth fitness among bacterial strains would be more prominent in the vicinity of the growth limits than at optimal growth conditions. This study coins the term "secondary models for variability", evaluating whether they should be considered in QMRA instead of the constant strain variability hypothesis. For this, 21 strains of Listeria innocua were used as case study, estimating their growth rate by the two-fold dilution method at pH between 5 and 10. Estimates of between-strain variability and experimental uncertainty were obtained for each pH using mixed-effects models, showing the lowest variability at optimal growth conditions, increasing towards the growth limits. Nonetheless, the experimental uncertainty also increased towards the extremes, evidencing the need to analyze both sources of variance independently. A secondary model was thus proposed, relating strain variability and pH conditions. Although the modelling approach certainly has some limitations that would need further experimental validation, it is an important step towards improving the description of variability in QMRA, being the first model of this type in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enriqueta Garcia-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, ETSIA-Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, P61 C996 Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, County Cork, Ireland; VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, P61 C996 Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Gonzalo Monteoliva García
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo-UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Ioana Bodea
- Department of Technical and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, P61 C996 Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, County Cork, Ireland; VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, P61 C996 Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Asunción Iguaz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, ETSIA-Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Alberto Garre
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, ETSIA-Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
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6
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Thongmee P, Ngernpimai S, Srichaiyapol O, Mongmonsin U, Teerasong S, Charoensri N, Wongwattanakul M, Lulitanond A, Kuwatjanakul W, Wonglakorn L, Kendal RP, Chompoosor A, Daduang J, Tippayawat P. The Evaluation of a Lateral Flow Strip Based on the Covalently Fixed "End-On" Orientation of an Antibody for Listeria monocytogenes Detection. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8543-8551. [PMID: 38748432 PMCID: PMC11140673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the covalently fixed "end-on" orientation of a monoclonal Listeria monocytogenes antibody (mAb-Lis) to amino terminated oligo (ethylene glycol)-capped gold nanoparticles (NH2-TEG-AuNPs) was used to fabricate an in-house lateral flow strip (LFS), namely, the fixed "end-on" Lis-mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS. The aim was to evaluate the performance of the fixed "end-on" Lis-mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS in detecting L. monocytogenes. The proposed LFS enabled the sensitive detection of L. monocytogenes in 15 min with a visual limit of detection of 102 CFU/mL. Quantitative analysis indicated an LOD at 10 CFU/mL. The fixed "end-on" Lis-mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS showed no cross-reactivity with other pathogenic bacteria and practical performance across different food matrices, including human blood, milk, and mushroom samples. Furthermore, the clinical performance of the fixed "end-on" Lis-mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS for detecting L. monocytogenes was evaluated by using 12 clinical samples validated by the hemoculture method. It demonstrated excellent concordance with the reference methods, with no false-positive or false-negative results observed. Therefore, the fixed "end-on" Lis-mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS serves as a promising candidate for a point-of-care test (POCT), enabling the rapid, precise, and highly sensitive detection of L. monocytogenes in clinical samples and contaminated food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patsara Thongmee
- Centre
for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL),
Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department
of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sawinee Ngernpimai
- Centre
for Innovation and Standard for Medical Technology and Physical Therapy,
Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Oranee Srichaiyapol
- Centre
for Innovation and Standard for Medical Technology and Physical Therapy,
Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Urairat Mongmonsin
- Department
of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Saowapak Teerasong
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Analytical Chemistry Research Unit, School
of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute
of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Nicha Charoensri
- Centre
for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL),
Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Molin Wongwattanakul
- Centre
for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL),
Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Aroonlug Lulitanond
- Centre
for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL),
Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Waewta Kuwatjanakul
- Clinical
Microbiology Unit, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Lumyai Wonglakorn
- Clinical
Microbiology Unit, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Apiwat Chompoosor
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Jureerut Daduang
- Centre
for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL),
Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department
of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patcharaporn Tippayawat
- Centre
for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL),
Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department
of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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7
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Giusti A, Galgani M, Barontini F, Balocchini E, D’Ascenzi C, Armani A. Analysis of the original notifications in the Tuscany region "Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed" in the seven-year period 2015-2021. Ital J Food Saf 2024; 13:12341. [PMID: 38846050 PMCID: PMC11154170 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2024.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The original notifications (n=1355) managed by the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed of the Tuscany region in the seven-year period 2015-2021 were analyzed. 68.9% of them were classified as alert notifications, and they mostly originated (56.3%) from official controls on the market, followed by the company's own checks (29.1%). Italy was the most represented notifying country (73.3%) and the most represented country of origin of the notified products (64.5%). Out of the 28 considered food categories, "fish and products thereof" (F), "cereals and bakery products" (C), "bivalve mollusks and products thereof" (B), and "meat and meat products (other than poultry)" (M) were the most notified. F were especially notified for the presence of heavy metals (45.7%), C for undeclared allergens (32.1%), B for microbial contaminants (Escherichia coli, 49.6%), and M for pathogenic microorganisms (55.9%), mostly Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. This study provides an updated framework for the main food safety issues at the regional level. The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed should be periodically analyzed to evaluate historical trends and emerging or poorly known hazards. This is especially important for the planning of official control activities and the prevention of risks through the food supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Giusti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa
| | - Marta Galgani
- Hygiene, Public Health and Veterinary Sector, Directorate of Health, Welfare and Social Cohesion, Tuscany Region, Florence
| | - Filippo Barontini
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Functional Unit, Functional Area, Local Health Unit Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - Emanuela Balocchini
- Hygiene, Public Health and Veterinary Sector, Directorate of Health, Welfare and Social Cohesion, Tuscany Region, Florence
| | | | - Andrea Armani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa
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8
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Otte Im Kampe E, Salmenlinna S, Åberg R, Wallgren S, Hautaniemi M, Keronen S, Leinonen E, Pihlajasaari A, Ruotsalainen E, Sarvela A, Rimhanen-Finne R. Outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes in hospital linked to a fava bean product, Finland, 2015 to 2019. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2300488. [PMID: 38726694 PMCID: PMC11083975 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.19.2300488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a bacterium widely distributed in the environment. Listeriosis is a severe disease associated with high hospitalisation and mortality rates. In April 2019, listeriosis was diagnosed in two hospital patients in Finland. We conducted a descriptive study to identify the source of the infection and defined a case as a person with a laboratory-confirmed Lm serogroup IIa sequence type (ST) 37. Six cases with Lm ST 37 were notified to the Finnish Infectious Diseases Registry between 2015 and 2019. Patient interviews and hospital menus were used to target traceback investigation of the implicated foods. In 2021 and 2022, similar Lm ST 37 was detected from samples of a ready-to-eat plant-based food product including fava beans. Inspections by the manufacturer and the local food control authority indicated that the food products were contaminated with Lm after pasteurisation. Our investigation highlights the importance that companies producing plant-based food are subject to similar controls as those producing food of animal origin. Hospital menus can be a useful source of information that is not dependent on patient recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Otte Im Kampe
- ECDC Fellowship Programme, Field Epidemiology path (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Riikka Åberg
- Food Safety Unit, Environmental Services, City of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Satu Keronen
- Abdominal Center, Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Eeva Ruotsalainen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Sarvela
- Environmental office, City of Seinäjoki, Seinäjoki, Finland
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9
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Rendueles E, Mauriz E, Sanz-Gómez J, González-Paramás AM, Adanero-Jorge F, García-Fernández C. Exploring Propolis as a Sustainable Bio-Preservative Agent to Control Foodborne Pathogens in Vacuum-Packed Cooked Ham. Microorganisms 2024; 12:914. [PMID: 38792741 PMCID: PMC11124515 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The search for natural food additives makes propolis an exciting alternative due to its known antimicrobial activity. This work aims to investigate propolis' behavior as a nitrite substitute ingredient in cooked ham (a ready-to-eat product) when confronted with pathogenic microorganisms of food interest. The microbial evolution of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Clostridium sporogenes inoculated at known doses was examined in different batches of cooked ham. The design of a challenge test according to their shelf life (45 days), pH values, and water activity allowed the determination of the mesophilic aerobic flora, psychotropic, and acid lactic bacteria viability. The test was completed with an organoleptic analysis of the samples, considering possible alterations in color and texture. The cooked ham formulation containing propolis instead of nitrites limited the potential growth (δ < 0.5 log10) of all the inoculated microorganisms until day 45, except for L. monocytogenes, which in turn exhibited a bacteriostatic effect between day 7 and 30 of the storage time. The sensory analysis revealed the consumer's acceptance of cooked ham batches including propolis as a natural additive. These findings suggest the functionality of propolis as a promising alternative to artificial preservatives for ensuring food safety and reducing the proliferation risk of foodborne pathogens in ready-to-eat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Rendueles
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTAL), La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain; (J.S.-G.); (F.A.-J.); (C.G.-F.)
- ALINS—Food Nutrition and Safety Investigation Group, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Elba Mauriz
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTAL), La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain; (J.S.-G.); (F.A.-J.); (C.G.-F.)
- ALINS—Food Nutrition and Safety Investigation Group, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Javier Sanz-Gómez
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTAL), La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain; (J.S.-G.); (F.A.-J.); (C.G.-F.)
- ALINS—Food Nutrition and Safety Investigation Group, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | | | - Félix Adanero-Jorge
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTAL), La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain; (J.S.-G.); (F.A.-J.); (C.G.-F.)
| | - Camino García-Fernández
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTAL), La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain; (J.S.-G.); (F.A.-J.); (C.G.-F.)
- ALINS—Food Nutrition and Safety Investigation Group, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
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10
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Indio V, Savini F, Gardini F, Barbieri F, Prandini L, Mekonnen YT, Tomasello F, Giacometti F, Seguino A, Serraino A, De Cesare A. Microbiological safety of dry-cured fish from the raw material to the end of processing. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 415:110641. [PMID: 38432054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The commercialization of processed fish products is rising in restaurants and small to medium enterprises. However, there is a lack of data related to the microbiological safety of such products. In this study total aerobic colony count and Enterobacteriaceae, as proxy of process hygiene criteria, and detection of Listeria monocytogenes and concentration of histamine, as food safety criteria, were investigated in Salmo salar (salmon), Xiphias gladius (swordfish) and Thunnus albacares (yellowfin tuna), before, during, and at the end of a dry-curing process, performed in a dedicated cabinet, at controlled temperature, relative humidity and ventilation, up to 240 h. The microbiological parameters were investigated in the tested fish products by culture methods and shotgun metagenomic, while the presence of histamine, and other biogenic amines, was quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. In the raw material, and up to the end of the dry curing process, the concentration of Enterobacteriaceae was always lower than 10 CFU/g, while total aerobic colony counts ranged between 3.9 and 5.4 Log CFU/g in salmon; 5.5 and 5.9 Log CFU/g in swordfish; 4.4 and 4.8 Log CFU/g in tuna. The pH values were significantly different between fish species, in the raw materials and during processing except for T4, occurring 70 h after the start of the process for salmon and after 114 h for swordfish and tuna. Water activity was different at specific sampling points and at the end of processing. Overall, 79 % of the sequences identified in the tested fish samples were assigned to y bacteria. The most abundant phyla were Pseudomonadota, Bacillota and Mycoplasmatota. The microbial populations identified by shotgun metagenomic in the tested fish species clustered well separated one from the other. Moreover, the microbial richness was significantly higher in salmon and tuna in comparison to swordfish. Listeria monocytogenes was not detected in the raw material by using the reference cultural method and very few reads (relative abundance <0.007) were detected in swordfish and tuna by shotgun metagenomic. Histamine producing bacteria, belonging to the genera Vibrio, Morganella, Photobacterium and Klebsiella, were identified primarily in swordfish. However, histamine and other biogenic amines were not detected in any sample. To the best of our knowledge this is the first paper reporting time point determinations of microbiological quality and safety parameters in salmon, swordfish and tuna, before, during and at the end of a dry-curing process. The data collected in this paper can help to predict the risk profile of ready to eat dry-cured fish products during storage before consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Indio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Federica Savini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Fausto Gardini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Prandini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Yitagele Terefe Mekonnen
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Federico Tomasello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Federica Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Alessandro Seguino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Andrea Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Alessandra De Cesare
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
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11
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Gonzales-Barron U, Cadavez V, De Oliveira Mota J, Guillier L, Sanaa M. A Critical Review of Risk Assessment Models for Listeria monocytogenes in Produce. Foods 2024; 13:1111. [PMID: 38611415 PMCID: PMC11011655 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A review of quantitative risk assessment (QRA) models of Listeria monocytogenes in produce was carried out, with the objective of appraising and contrasting the effectiveness of the control strategies placed along the food chains. Despite nine of the thirteen QRA models recovered being focused on fresh or RTE leafy greens, none of them represented important factors or sources of contamination in the primary production, such as the type of cultivation, water, fertilisers or irrigation method/practices. Cross-contamination at processing and during consumer's handling was modelled using transfer rates, which were shown to moderately drive the final risk of listeriosis, therefore highlighting the importance of accurately representing the transfer coefficient parameters. Many QRA models coincided in the fact that temperature fluctuations at retail or temperature abuse at home were key factors contributing to increasing the risk of listeriosis. In addition to a primary module that could help assess current on-farm practices and potential control measures, future QRA models for minimally processed produce should also contain a refined sanitisation module able to estimate the effectiveness of various sanitisers as a function of type, concentration and exposure time. Finally, L. monocytogenes growth in the products down the supply chain should be estimated by using realistic time-temperature trajectories, and validated microbial kinetic parameters, both of them currently available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Gonzales-Barron
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Vasco Cadavez
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | | | - Laurent Guillier
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie Maisons-Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Moez Sanaa
- Nutrition and Food Safety Department, World Health Organization, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Pouillot R, Kiermeier A, Guillier L, Cadavez V, Sanaa M. Updated Parameters for Listeria monocytogenes Dose-Response Model Considering Pathogen Virulence and Age and Sex of Consumer. Foods 2024; 13:751. [PMID: 38472864 PMCID: PMC10931010 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Better knowledge regarding the Listeria monocytogenes dose-response (DR) model is needed to refine the assessment of the risk of foodborne listeriosis. In 2018, the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) derived a lognormal Poisson DR model for 14 different age-sex sub-groups, marginally to strain virulence. In the present study, new sets of parameters are developed by integrating the EFSA model for these sub-groups together with three classes of strain virulence characteristics ("less virulent", "virulent", and "more virulent"). Considering classes of virulence leads to estimated relative risks (RRs) of listeriosis following the ingestion of 1000 bacteria of "less virulent" vs. "more virulent" strains ranging from 21.6 to 24.1, depending on the sub-group. These relatively low RRs when compared with RRs linked to comorbidities described in the literature suggest that the influence of comorbidity on the occurrence of invasive listeriosis for a given exposure is much more important than the influence of the virulence of the strains. The updated model parameters allow better prediction of the risk of invasive listeriosis across a population of interest, provided the necessary data on population demographics and the proportional contribution of strain virulence classes in food products of interest are available. An R package is made available to facilitate the use of these dose-response models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Pouillot
- Independent Researcher, 18 rue Mohamed Al Ghazi, Rabat 10170, Morocco
| | - Andreas Kiermeier
- Statistical Process Improvement Consulting and Training Pty Ltd., Gumeracha 5233, Australia;
| | - Laurent Guillier
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Vasco Cadavez
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolónia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Moez Sanaa
- Nutrition and Food Safety Department, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Gonzales-Barron U, Cadavez V, De Oliveira Mota J, Guillier L, Sanaa M. A Critical Review of Risk Assessment Models for Listeria monocytogenes in Seafood. Foods 2024; 13:716. [PMID: 38472829 PMCID: PMC10930801 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive listeriosis, due to its severe nature in susceptible populations, has been the focus of many quantitative risk assessment (QRA) models aiming to provide a valuable guide in future risk management efforts. A review of the published QRA models of Listeria monocytogenes in seafood was performed, with the objective of appraising the effectiveness of the control strategies at different points along the food chain. It is worth noting, however, that the outcomes of a QRA model are context-specific, and influenced by the country and target population, the assumptions that are employed, and the model architecture itself. Studies containing QRA models were retrieved through a literature search using properly connected keywords on Scopus and PubMed®. All 13 QRA models that were recovered were of short scope, covering, at most, the period from the end of processing to consumption; the majority (85%) focused on smoked or gravad fish. Since the modelled pathways commenced with the packaged product, none of the QRA models addressed cross-contamination events. Many models agreed that keeping the product's temperature at 4.0-4.5 °C leads to greater reductions in the final risk of listeriosis than reducing the shelf life by one week and that the effectiveness of both measures can be surpassed by reducing the initial occurrence of L. monocytogenes in the product (at the end of processing). It is, therefore, necessary that future QRA models for RTE seafood contain a processing module that can provide insight into intervention strategies that can retard L. monocytogenes' growth, such as the use of bacteriocins, ad hoc starter cultures and/or organic acids, and other strategies seeking to reduce cross-contamination at the facilities, such as stringent controls for sanitation procedures. Since risk estimates were shown to be moderately driven by growth kinetic parameters, namely, the exponential growth rate, the minimum temperature for growth, and the maximum population density, further work is needed to reduce uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Gonzales-Barron
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Vasco Cadavez
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Juliana De Oliveira Mota
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization (WHO), CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Guillier
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France;
| | - Moez Sanaa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization (WHO), CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Psomatakis M, Papadimitriou K, Souliotis A, Drosinos EH, Papadopoulos G. Food Safety and Management System Audits in Food Retail Chain Stores in Greece. Foods 2024; 13:457. [PMID: 38338591 PMCID: PMC10855910 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the performance of food safety management systems in food retail stores via audits to reveal potential areas of improvement and to find out possible corrective actions to suggest to the top management. Two cycles of on-site audits took place in 106 stores to assess the requirements and hygiene conditions. After the first cycle of audits, improvements were suggested to the top management, and a second cycle of audits took place after a reasonable time. In the checklist, we recorded the temperatures of retail refrigerators and the scores from the inspection of hygiene and HACCP documentation. In the A' audit, the percentage of stores that had higher temperatures than the critical limits was equal to 51%, and those temperatures occurred in the refrigerators for salads, followed by the refrigerators for deli meat, yogurts and desserts. In the B' audit, only the refrigerators for salads exhibited percentages that were statistically significant lower (p-value < 0.05), and the stores were improved after the audit. High percentages of high-scoring stores were observed in the A' and B' audit in the inspection of HACCP documentation, although there was not a statistically significant improvement observed (p-value > 0.05). In the hygiene inspection, statistically significant improvement with 95% confidence appeared for "Refrigerator's products appearance", "Storage cleanliness", and "Grocery shelf cleanliness". The highest number of non-conformities without statistically significant improvement was found for "Checking temperatures of the receiving products" and "Labeling of fruit store products", with the percentages being lower than 15% in both of the audit cycles. Many employees of the stores did not check and record the temperatures of receiving products from suppliers. In addition, the storage of spoiled products beneath fresh products for selling in the same refrigerator is not a good practice. Greater efforts must be made by top management and employees to maintain and distribute food products in the best and safest possible hygiene conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Psomatakis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (E.H.D.)
| | - Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (E.H.D.)
| | - Andreas Souliotis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 17676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eleftherios H. Drosinos
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (E.H.D.)
| | - Georgios Papadopoulos
- Institute for Design and Analysis of Experiments, University Research Center, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
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15
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Wu R, Liu Y, Zhang F, Dai S, Xue X, Peng C, Li Y, Li Y. Protective mechanism of Paeonol on central nervous system. Phytother Res 2024; 38:470-488. [PMID: 37872838 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases involve neuronal damage, resulting in degenerative neuropathy and posing a serious threat to human health. The discovery of effective drug components from natural plants and the study of their mechanism are a research idea different from chemical synthetic medicines. Paeonol is the main active component of traditional Chinese medicine Paeonia lactiflora Pall. It widely exists in many medicinal plants and has pharmacological effects such as anti-atherosclerosis, antiplatelet aggregation, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammatory, which keeps generally used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Based on the therapeutic effects of Paeonol for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, this article reviewed the pharmacological effects of Paeonol in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, epilepsy, diabetes encephalopathy, and other neurological diseases, providing a reference for the research of the mechanism of Paeonol in central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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16
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Zakaria AI, Sabala RF. Potential public health hazards related to consumption of poultry contaminated with antibiotic resistant Listeria monocytogenes in Egypt. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:41. [PMID: 38287241 PMCID: PMC10823629 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that incorporated into many serious infections in human especially immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, the elderly, and newborns. The consumption of food contaminated with such bacteria is considered a source of potential risk for consumers. Therefore, a total of 250 poultry purchased in highly popular poultry stores besides 50 swabs from workers hands in the same stores, in Mansoura City had been tested for the L. monocytogenes prevalence, virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance profile illustrating the health hazards from such poultry. The L. monocytogenes were recovered from 9.6% of poultry samples while not detected from workers hand swabs. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 24 L. monocytogenes strains against 24 antibiotics of seven different classes revealed high susceptibility rates to erythromycin (79.17%), streptomycin (66.67%), gentamycin (66.67%), vancomycin (58.33%), chloramphenicol (58.33%) and cefotaxime (41.67%). The majority (79.2%) of L. monocytogenes were classified as multidrug resistant strains with high resistance to tetracyclines and β-lactams antibiotics while 16.7% of the strains were categorized as extensively resistant ones. The iap virulence-specific determination gene had been detected in all recovered L. monocytogenes isolates while 83.33 and 70.83% of the isolates harbored hylA and actA genes. In addition, the study confirmed the capability of most L. monocytogenes isolates for biofilm formation by moderate to strong production and the quantitative risk assessment illustrated the risk of developing listeriosis as the risk value exceeded 100. The current results illustrate that poultry meat can be a source of pathogenic antibiotic resistant strains that may cause infection with limited or no treatment in immunosuppressed consumers via the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Ibrahim Zakaria
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Rana Fahmi Sabala
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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17
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Nonno R, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Fox E, Gosling R(B, Gil BM, Møretrø T, Stessl B, da Silva Felício MT, Messens W, Simon AC, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A. Persistence of microbiological hazards in food and feed production and processing environments. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8521. [PMID: 38250499 PMCID: PMC10797485 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (in the meat, fish and seafood, dairy and fruit and vegetable sectors), Salmonella enterica (in the feed, meat, egg and low moisture food sectors) and Cronobacter sakazakii (in the low moisture food sector) were identified as the bacterial food safety hazards most relevant to public health that are associated with persistence in the food and feed processing environment (FFPE). There is a wide range of subtypes of these hazards involved in persistence in the FFPE. While some specific subtypes are more commonly reported as persistent, it is currently not possible to identify universal markers (i.e. genetic determinants) for this trait. Common risk factors for persistence in the FFPE are inadequate zoning and hygiene barriers; lack of hygienic design of equipment and machines; and inadequate cleaning and disinfection. A well-designed environmental sampling and testing programme is the most effective strategy to identify contamination sources and detect potentially persistent hazards. The establishment of hygienic barriers and measures within the food safety management system, during implementation of hazard analysis and critical control points, is key to prevent and/or control bacterial persistence in the FFPE. Once persistence is suspected in a plant, a 'seek-and-destroy' approach is frequently recommended, including intensified monitoring, the introduction of control measures and the continuation of the intensified monitoring. Successful actions triggered by persistence of L. monocytogenes are described, as well as interventions with direct bactericidal activity. These interventions could be efficient if properly validated, correctly applied and verified under industrial conditions. Perspectives are provided for performing a risk assessment for relevant combinations of hazard and food sector to assess the relative public health risk that can be associated with persistence, based on bottom-up and top-down approaches. Knowledge gaps related to bacterial food safety hazards associated with persistence in the FFPE and priorities for future research are provided.
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18
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Hamilton AN, Mirmahdi RS, Ubeyitogullari A, Romana CK, Baum JI, Gibson KE. From bytes to bites: Advancing the food industry with three-dimensional food printing. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13293. [PMID: 38284594 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancement of three-dimensional (3D) printing (i.e., a type of additive manufacturing) technology has brought about significant advances in various industries, including the food industry. Among its many potential benefits, 3D food printing offers a promising solution to deliver products meeting the unique nutritional needs of diverse populations while also promoting sustainability within the food system. However, this is an emerging field, and there are several aspects to consider when planning for use of 3D food printing for large-scale food production. This comprehensive review explores the importance of food safety when using 3D printing to produce food products, including pathogens of concern, machine hygiene, and cleanability, as well as the role of macronutrients and storage conditions in microbial risks. Furthermore, postprocessing factors such as packaging, transportation, and dispensing of 3D-printed foods are discussed. Finally, this review delves into barriers of implementation of 3D food printers and presents both the limitations and opportunities of 3D food printing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson N Hamilton
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
- Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Razieh S Mirmahdi
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ali Ubeyitogullari
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Chetanjot K Romana
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jamie I Baum
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kristen E Gibson
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
- Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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19
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Gonzales-Barron U, Cadavez V, Guillier L, Sanaa M. A Critical Review of Risk Assessment Models for Listeria monocytogenes in Dairy Products. Foods 2023; 12:4436. [PMID: 38137240 PMCID: PMC10742501 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A review of the published quantitative risk assessment (QRA) models of L. monocytogenes in dairy products was undertaken in order to identify and appraise the relative effectiveness of control measures and intervention strategies implemented at primary production, processing, retail, and consumer practices. A systematic literature search retrieved 18 QRA models, most of them (9) investigated raw and pasteurized milk cheeses, with the majority covering long supply chains (4 farm-to-table and 3 processing-to-table scopes). On-farm contamination sources, either from shedding animals or from the broad environment, have been demonstrated by different QRA models to impact the risk of listeriosis, in particular for raw milk cheeses. Through scenarios and sensitivity analysis, QRA models demonstrated the importance of the modeled growth rate and lag phase duration and showed that the risk contribution of consumers' practices is greater than in retail conditions. Storage temperature was proven to be more determinant of the final risk than storage time. Despite the pathogen's known ability to reside in damp spots or niches, re-contamination and/or cross-contamination were modeled in only two QRA studies. Future QRA models in dairy products should entail the full farm-to-table scope, should represent cross-contamination and the use of novel technologies, and should estimate L. monocytogenes growth more accurately by means of better-informed kinetic parameters and realistic time-temperature trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Gonzales-Barron
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- Laboratório Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Vasco Cadavez
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- Laboratório Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Laurent Guillier
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie Maisons-Alfort, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Moez Sanaa
- Nutrition and Food Safety Department, World Health Organization (WHO), CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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20
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Abstract
This report by the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of the zoonoses monitoring and surveillance activities carried out in 2022 in 27 Member States (MSs), the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) and 11 non-MSs. Key statistics on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in humans, food, animals and feed are provided and interpreted historically. In 2022, the first and second most reported zoonoses in humans were campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis, respectively. The number of cases of campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis remained stable in comparison with 2021. Nineteen MSs and the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) achieved all the established targets in poultry populations for the reduction of Salmonella prevalence for the relevant serovars. Salmonella samples from carcases of various animal species, and samples for Campylobacter quantification from broiler carcases, were more frequently positive when performed by the competent authorities than when own checks were conducted. Yersiniosis was the third most reported zoonosis in humans, followed by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Listeria monocytogenes infections. L. monocytogenes and West Nile virus infections were the most severe zoonotic diseases, with the most hospitalisations and highest case fatality rates. In 2022, reporting showed an increase of more than 600% compared with 2021 in locally acquired cases of human West Nile virus infection, which is a mosquito-borne disease. In the EU, the number of reported foodborne outbreaks and cases, hospitalisations and deaths was higher in 2022 than in 2021. The number of deaths from outbreaks was the highest ever reported in the EU in the last 10 years, mainly caused by L. monocytogenes and to a lesser degree by Salmonella. Salmonella and in particular S. Enteritidis remained the most frequently reported causative agent for foodborne outbreaks. Norovirus (and other calicivirus) was the agent associated with the highest number of outbreak human cases. This report also provides updates on brucellosis, Coxiella burnetii (Q fever), echinococcosis, rabies, toxoplasmosis, trichinellosis, infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (focusing on Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae) and tularaemia.
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21
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Chowdhury B, Anand S. Environmental persistence of Listeria monocytogenes and its implications in dairy processing plants. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4573-4599. [PMID: 37680027 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Listeriosis, an invasive illness with a fatality rate between 20% and 30%, is caused by the ubiquitous bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Human listeriosis has long been associated with foods. This is because the ubiquitous nature of the bacteria renders it a common food contaminant, posing a significant risk to the food processing sector. Although several sophisticated stress coping mechanisms have been identified as significant contributing factors toward the pathogen's persistence, a complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying persistence across various strains remains limited. Moreover, aside from genetic aspects that promote the ability to cope with stress, various environmental factors that exist in food manufacturing plants could also contribute to the persistence of the pathogen. The objective of this review is to provide insight into the challenges faced by the dairy industry because of the pathogens' environmental persistence. Additionally, it also aims to emphasize the diverse adaptation and response mechanisms utilized by L. monocytogenes in food manufacturing plants to evade environmental stressors. The persistence of L. monocytogenes in the food processing environment poses a serious threat to food safety and public health. The emergence of areas with high levels of L. monocytogenes contamination could facilitate Listeria transmission through aerosols, potentially leading to the recontamination of food, particularly from floors and drains, when sanitation is implemented alongside product manufacturing. Hence, to produce safe dairy products and reduce the frequency of outbreaks of listeriosis, it is crucial to understand the factors that contribute to the persistence of this pathogen and to implement efficient control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Chowdhury
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Sanjeev Anand
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
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22
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Ravindhiran R, Sivarajan K, Sekar JN, Murugesan R, Dhandapani K. Listeria monocytogenes an Emerging Pathogen: a Comprehensive Overview on Listeriosis, Virulence Determinants, Detection, and Anti-Listerial Interventions. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:2231-2251. [PMID: 37479828 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, the third most deleterious zoonotic pathogen, is a major causative agent of animal and human listeriosis, an infection related to the consumption of contaminated food products. Even though, this pathogen has been responsible for the outbreaks of foodborne infections in the early 1980s, the major outbreaks have been reported during the past two decades. Listeriosis infection in the host is a rare but life-threatening disease with major public health and economic implications. Extensive reports on listeriosis outbreaks are associated with milk and milk products, meat and meat products, and fresh produce. This bacterium can adapt to any environmental and stress conditions, making it a prime causative agent for major foodborne diseases. The pathogen could survive an antibiotic treatment and persist in the host cell, thereby escaping the standard diagnostic practices. The current review strives to provide concise information on the epidemiology, serotypes, and pathogenesis of the L. monocytogenes to decipher the knowledge on the endurance of the pathogen inside the host and food products as a vehicle for Listeria contaminations. In addition, various detection methods for Listeria species from food samples and frontline regimens of L. monocytogenes treatment have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ravindhiran
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Karthiga Sivarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Jothi Nayaki Sekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Rajeswari Murugesan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India
| | - Kavitha Dhandapani
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641043, India.
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23
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Friesema IHM, Verbart CC, van der Voort M, Stassen J, Lanzl MI, van der Weijden C, Slegers-Fitz-James IA, Franz E. Combining Whole Genome Sequencing Data from Human and Non-Human Sources: Tackling Listeria monocytogenes Outbreaks. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2617. [PMID: 38004629 PMCID: PMC10673080 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is ubiquitous in nature and known for its ability to contaminate foods during production processes. Near real-time monitoring of whole genome sequences from food and human isolates, complemented with epidemiological data, has been used in the Netherlands since 2019 to increase the speed and success rate of source finding in the case of (active) clusters. Nine clusters with 4 to 19 human cases investigated between January 2019 and May 2023 are described. Fish production sites were most often linked to outbreaks of listeriosis (six clusters), though other types of food businesses can face similar Lm problems, as the production processes and procedures determine risk. The results showed that low levels of Lm in food samples can still be linked to disease. Therefore, the investigation of a cluster of cases and deployment of the precautionary principle helps to focus on safe food and to prevent further cases. Good practice of environmental monitoring within a food business allows early detection of potential issues with food safety and helps food businesses to take appropriate measures such as cleaning to prevent regrowth of Lm and thus future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid H. M. Friesema
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (M.I.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Charlotte C. Verbart
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Products Safety Authority (NVWA), 3511 GG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.C.V.); (C.v.d.W.); (I.A.S.-F.-J.)
| | - Menno van der Voort
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.v.d.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Joost Stassen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.v.d.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Maren I. Lanzl
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (M.I.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Coen van der Weijden
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Products Safety Authority (NVWA), 3511 GG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.C.V.); (C.v.d.W.); (I.A.S.-F.-J.)
| | - Ife A. Slegers-Fitz-James
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Products Safety Authority (NVWA), 3511 GG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.C.V.); (C.v.d.W.); (I.A.S.-F.-J.)
| | - Eelco Franz
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (M.I.L.); (E.F.)
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24
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Zuo X, Chen M, Zhang X, Guo A, Cheng S, Zhang R. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to study the key role by which Ralstonia insidiosa induces Listeria monocytogenes to form suspended aggregates. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1260909. [PMID: 37901811 PMCID: PMC10601645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1260909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia insidiosa can survive in a wide range of aqueous environments, including food processing areas, and is harmful to humans. It can induce Listeria monocytogenes to form suspended aggregates, resulting from the co-aggregation of two bacteria, which allows for more persistent survival and increases the risk of L. monocytogenes contamination. In our study, different groups of aggregates were analyzed and compared using Illumina RNA sequencing technology. These included R. insidiosa under normal and barren nutrient conditions and in the presence or absence of L. monocytogenes as a way to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the process of aggregate formation. In addition, sterile supernatants of R. insidiosa were analyzed under different nutrient conditions using metabolomics to investigate the effect of nutrient-poor conditions on metabolite production by R. insidiosa. We also undertook a combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome data to further investigate the induction effect of R. insidiosa on L. monocytogenes in a barren environment. The results of the functional annotation analysis on the surface of DEGs and qPCR showed that under nutrient-poor conditions, the acdx, puuE, and acs genes of R. insidiosa were significantly upregulated in biosynthetic processes such as carbon metabolism, metabolic pathways, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, with Log2FC reaching 4.39, 3.96, and 3.95 respectively. In contrast, the Log2FC of cydA, cyoB, and rpsJ in oxidative phosphorylation and ribosomal pathways reached 3.74, 3.87, and 4.25, respectively. Thirty-one key components were identified while screening for differential metabolites, which mainly included amino acids and their metabolites, enriched to the pathways of biosynthesis of amino acids, phenylalanine metabolism, and methionine metabolism. Of these, aminomalonic acid and Proximicin B were the special components of R. insidiosa that were metabolized under nutrient-poor conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Zuo
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meilin Chen
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinshuai Zhang
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ailing Guo
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Si Cheng
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Liunan District Modern Agricultural Industry Service Center of Liuzhou City, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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25
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Andrews N, McCabe E, Wall P, Buckley JF, Fanning S. Validating the Utility of Multilocus Variable Number Tandem-repeat Analysis (MLVA) as a Subtyping Strategy to Monitor Listeria monocytogenes In-built Food Processing Environments. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100147. [PMID: 37619693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a serious human pathogen and an enduring challenge to control for the ready-to-eat food processing industry. Cost-effective tools that can be deployed by commercial or in-house laboratories to rapidly investigate and resolve contamination events in the built food processing environment are of value to the food industry. Multilocus variable number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) is a molecular subtyping method, which along with other same-generation methods such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is being superseded in disease tracking and outbreak investigations by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). In this paper, it is demonstrated that MLVA can continue to play a valuable role as a valid, fast, simple, and cost-effective method to identify and track Listeria monocytogenes subtypes in factory environments, with the method being highly congruent with MLST. Although MLVA does not have the discriminatory power of WGS to identify truly persistent clones, with careful interpretation of results alongside isolate metadata, it remains a powerful tool in situations and locations where WGS may not be readily available to food business operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Andrews
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Evonne McCabe
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Patrick Wall
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - James F Buckley
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT5 6AG, United Kingdom.
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26
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Ramezan Y, Hematabadi H, Ramezan M, Khani MR, Kamkari A, Najafi Tabrizi A. Effect of cold atmospheric plasma torch distance on the microbial inactivation and sensorial properties of ready-to-eat olivier salad. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2023; 29:710-717. [PMID: 35726184 DOI: 10.1177/10820132221108709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of the cold atmospheric plasma torch (CAPT) nozzle distance from the surface of Olivier salad and the treatment time in the reduction of microbial load and sensory properties of the product simultaneously. In this study, the CAPT nozzle was placed at 3, 5, and 7 cm distances from the surface of the Olivier salad, and its efficiency in inactivating the microbial population, decimal reduction time (D-value), and sensory evaluation of the product were evaluated. The results showed that reducing the distance and increasing the plasma treatment time (30, 60, 90, and 120 s) both reduced the microbial load of the product. The maximum inactivation and the minimum D-value are related to the 3 cm distance for 120 s, which has been 3.77, 2.91, and 1.52 log CFU/g for Coliform, Total viable count (TVC), mold and yeast, respectively. The lowest D-value was related to Coliform (4.41 s). CAPT treatment had no significant sensible effect on the product's sensory characteristics compared to the control sample. The treated sample at a 3 cm distance for 90 s and the microbial reduction to an acceptable amount and high acceptancy from sensory evaluators were selected as the superior treatment in this study. Also, the results showed that CAPT could be used successfully in ready-to-eat (RTE) products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Ramezan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Nutrition & Food Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homayun Hematabadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Ramezan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and New Technologies, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khani
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Kamkari
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Najafi Tabrizi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Castelli P, De Ruvo A, Bucciacchio A, D'Alterio N, Cammà C, Di Pasquale A, Radomski N. Harmonization of supervised machine learning practices for efficient source attribution of Listeria monocytogenes based on genomic data. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:560. [PMID: 37736708 PMCID: PMC10515079 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09667-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic data-based machine learning tools are promising for real-time surveillance activities performing source attribution of foodborne bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes. Given the heterogeneity of machine learning practices, our aim was to identify those influencing the source prediction performance of the usual holdout method combined with the repeated k-fold cross-validation method. METHODS A large collection of 1 100 L. monocytogenes genomes with known sources was built according to several genomic metrics to ensure authenticity and completeness of genomic profiles. Based on these genomic profiles (i.e. 7-locus alleles, core alleles, accessory genes, core SNPs and pan kmers), we developed a versatile workflow assessing prediction performance of different combinations of training dataset splitting (i.e. 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90%), data preprocessing (i.e. with or without near-zero variance removal), and learning models (i.e. BLR, ERT, RF, SGB, SVM and XGB). The performance metrics included accuracy, Cohen's kappa, F1-score, area under the curves from receiver operating characteristic curve, precision recall curve or precision recall gain curve, and execution time. RESULTS The testing average accuracies from accessory genes and pan kmers were significantly higher than accuracies from core alleles or SNPs. While the accuracies from 70 and 80% of training dataset splitting were not significantly different, those from 80% were significantly higher than the other tested proportions. The near-zero variance removal did not allow to produce results for 7-locus alleles, did not impact significantly the accuracy for core alleles, accessory genes and pan kmers, and decreased significantly accuracy for core SNPs. The SVM and XGB models did not present significant differences in accuracy between each other and reached significantly higher accuracies than BLR, SGB, ERT and RF, in this order of magnitude. However, the SVM model required more computing power than the XGB model, especially for high amount of descriptors such like core SNPs and pan kmers. CONCLUSIONS In addition to recommendations about machine learning practices for L. monocytogenes source attribution based on genomic data, the present study also provides a freely available workflow to solve other balanced or unbalanced multiclass phenotypes from binary and categorical genomic profiles of other microorganisms without source code modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Castelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "Giuseppe Caporale" (IZSAM), National Reference Centre (NRC) for Whole Genome Sequencing of microbial pathogens: data base and bioinformatics analysis (GENPAT), Via Campo Boario, Teramo, TE, 64100, Italy
| | - Andrea De Ruvo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "Giuseppe Caporale" (IZSAM), National Reference Centre (NRC) for Whole Genome Sequencing of microbial pathogens: data base and bioinformatics analysis (GENPAT), Via Campo Boario, Teramo, TE, 64100, Italy
| | - Andrea Bucciacchio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "Giuseppe Caporale" (IZSAM), National Reference Centre (NRC) for Whole Genome Sequencing of microbial pathogens: data base and bioinformatics analysis (GENPAT), Via Campo Boario, Teramo, TE, 64100, Italy
| | - Nicola D'Alterio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "Giuseppe Caporale" (IZSAM), National Reference Centre (NRC) for Whole Genome Sequencing of microbial pathogens: data base and bioinformatics analysis (GENPAT), Via Campo Boario, Teramo, TE, 64100, Italy
| | - Cesare Cammà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "Giuseppe Caporale" (IZSAM), National Reference Centre (NRC) for Whole Genome Sequencing of microbial pathogens: data base and bioinformatics analysis (GENPAT), Via Campo Boario, Teramo, TE, 64100, Italy
| | - Adriano Di Pasquale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "Giuseppe Caporale" (IZSAM), National Reference Centre (NRC) for Whole Genome Sequencing of microbial pathogens: data base and bioinformatics analysis (GENPAT), Via Campo Boario, Teramo, TE, 64100, Italy
| | - Nicolas Radomski
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "Giuseppe Caporale" (IZSAM), National Reference Centre (NRC) for Whole Genome Sequencing of microbial pathogens: data base and bioinformatics analysis (GENPAT), Via Campo Boario, Teramo, TE, 64100, Italy.
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28
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Tuytschaever T, Raes K, Sampers I. Listeria monocytogenes in food businesses: From persistence strategies to intervention/prevention strategies-A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3910-3950. [PMID: 37548605 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
In 2023, Listeria monocytogenes persistence remains a problem in the food business. A profound understanding of how this pathogen persists may lead to better aimed intervention/prevention strategies. The lack of a uniform definition of persistence makes the comparison between studies complex. Harborage sites offer protection against adverse environmental conditions and form the ideal habitat for the formation of biofilms, one of the major persistence strategies. A retarded growth rate, disinfectant resistance/tolerance, desiccation resistance/tolerance, and protozoan protection complete the list of persistence strategies for Listeria monocytogenes and can occur on themselves or in combination with biofilms. Based on the discussed persistence strategies, intervention strategies are proposed. By enhancing the focus on four precaution principles (cleaning and disinfection, infrastructure/hygienic design, technical maintenance, and work methodology) as mentioned in Regulation (EC) No. 852/2004, the risk of persistence can be decreased. All of the intervention strategies result in obtaining and maintaining a good general hygiene status throughout the establishment at all levels ranging from separate equipment to the entire building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Tuytschaever
- Research Unit VEG-i-TEC, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Research Unit VEG-i-TEC, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Imca Sampers
- Research Unit VEG-i-TEC, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Kortrijk, Belgium
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29
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Steinbrecher M, Wolfert C, Maurer C, Messmann H, Shiban E, Sommer B, Fuchs A. Cerebral abscess due to Listeria monocytogenes infection in silent diabetes mellitus: Case presentation, treatment and patient outcome. IDCases 2023; 33:e01864. [PMID: 37577046 PMCID: PMC10415914 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Invasive listeriosis most often presents as bacteremia or neurolisteriosis. Cerebral infection mostly manifests as meningitis or meningoencephalitis, but cerebral abscesses are a rare manifestation. Case presentation We present the rare case of a 51-year old patient with progressive right sided hemiparesis caused by a cerebral abscess due to Listeria monocytogenes infection. The initially suspected cerebral ischemia or bleeding was ruled out. Magnetic resonance imaging led to the suspected diagnosis of an angiocentric lymphoma. An open cerebral biopsy revealed an intracranial abscess formation. After abscess evacuation and identification of Listeria monocytogenes, anti-infective treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin was started. After repeated cerebral imaging with signs of ongoing tissue inflammation after 6 weeks we chose to prolong the therapy with oral amoxicillin until resolution of signs of intracerebral inflammation after 12 weeks, documented by repeated cerebral magnetic resonance imaging. During hospitalization, the patient was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type II and treatment was initiated. The patient was discharged without any persistent neurologic deficits. Discussion For the treatment of bacterial brain abscesses, 4-6 weeks of intravenous antimicrobial treatment after surgical drainage are recommended. However, first line therapy of invasive cerebral listeriosis is not well established. We decided to use a combined treatment using ampicillin and gentamicin, followed by prolonged oral treatment due to ongoing tissue inflammation. Conclusion No evidence-based treatment recommendations are available for brain abscess caused by Listeria monocytogenes. We report a case with favorable outcome after anti-infective ampicillin- and gentamicin-based therapy. Systematic assessment of treatment would be desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Steinbrecher
- Internal Medicine III – Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christina Wolfert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maurer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Messmann
- Internal Medicine III – Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ehab Shiban
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Björn Sommer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Andre Fuchs
- Internal Medicine III – Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
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Schiavano GF, Guidi F, Pomilio F, Brandi G, Salini R, Amagliani G, Centorotola G, Palma F, Felici M, Lorenzetti C, Blasi G. Listeria monocytogenes Strains Persisting in a Meat Processing Plant in Central Italy: Use of Whole Genome Sequencing and In Vitro Adhesion and Invasion Assays to Decipher Their Virulence Potential. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1659. [PMID: 37512831 PMCID: PMC10383671 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used both a WGS and an in vitro approach to study the virulence potential of nine Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) strains belonging to genetic clusters persisting in a meat processing plant in Central Italy. The studied clusters belonged to CC1-ST1, CC9-ST9, and CC218-ST2801. All the CC1 and CC218 strains presented the same accessory virulence genes (LIPI-3, gltA, gltB, and aut_IVb). CC1 and CC9 strains presented a gene profile similarity of 22.6% as well as CC9 and CC218 isolates. CC1 and CC218 showed a similarity of 45.2% of the same virulence profile. The hypervirulent strains of lineage I (CC1 and CC218) presented a greater ability to adhere and invade Caco-2 cells than hypovirulent ones (CC9). CC1 strains were significantly more adhesive and invasive compared with CC9 and CC218 strains, although these last CCs presented the same accessory virulence genes. No statistically significant difference was found comparing CC218 with CC9 strains. This study provided for the first time data on the in vitro adhesiveness and invasiveness of CC218-ST2801 and added more data on the virulence characteristics of CC1 and CC9. What we observed confirmed that the ability of Lm to adhere to and invade human cells in vitro is not always decipherable from its virulence gene profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Fiorella Schiavano
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Bramante, 17, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Guidi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per Listeria Monocytogenes, Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per Listeria Monocytogenes, Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Brandi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Santa Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Romolo Salini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Centro Operativo Veterinario per l'Epidemiologia, Programmazione, Informazione e Analisi del Rischio (COVEPI), National Reference Center for Veterinary Epidemiology, Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giulia Amagliani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Santa Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Centorotola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per Listeria Monocytogenes, Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesco Palma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Santa Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Martina Felici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Santa Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lorenzetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuliana Blasi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Magagna G, Gori M, Russini V, De Angelis V, Spinelli E, Filipello V, Tranquillo VM, De Marchis ML, Bossù T, Fappani C, Tanzi E, Finazzi G. Evaluation of the Virulence Potential of Listeria monocytogenes through the Characterization of the Truncated Forms of Internalin A. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10141. [PMID: 37373288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a widespread Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium that causes listeriosis, a rather rare but severe foodborne disease. Pregnant women, infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are considered particularly at risk. L. monocytogenes can contaminate food and food-processing environments. In particular, ready-to-eat (RTE) products are the most common source associated with listeriosis. L. monocytogenes virulence factors include internalin A (InlA), a surface protein known to facilitate bacterial uptake by human intestinal epithelial cells that express the E-cadherin receptor. Previous studies have demonstrated that the presence of premature stop codon (PMSC) mutations naturally occurring in inlA lead to the production of a truncated protein correlated with attenuate virulence. In this study, 849 L. monocytogenes isolates, collected from food, food-processing plants, and clinical cases in Italy, were typed and analyzed for the presence of PMSCs in the inlA gene using Sanger sequencing or whole-genome sequencing (WGS). PMSC mutations were found in 27% of the isolates, predominantly in those belonging to hypovirulent clones (ST9 and ST121). The presence of inlA PMSC mutations in food and environmental isolates was higher than that in clinical isolates. The results reveal the distribution of the virulence potential of L. monocytogenes circulating in Italy and could help to improve risk assessment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Magagna
- Food Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Gori
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Coordinated Research Centre EpiSoMI, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Russini
- Food Microbiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Via Appia Nuova, 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica De Angelis
- Food Microbiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Via Appia Nuova, 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Spinelli
- Food Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Virginia Filipello
- Food Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Vito Massimo Tranquillo
- Programmazione dei Servizi e Controllo di Gestione, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Laura De Marchis
- Food Microbiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Via Appia Nuova, 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Bossù
- Food Microbiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Via Appia Nuova, 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Fappani
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Coordinated Research Centre EpiSoMI, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tanzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Coordinated Research Centre EpiSoMI, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Finazzi
- Food Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
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Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Skowron K, Wałecka-Zacharska E. Genomic and pathogenicity islands of Listeria monocytogenes-overview of selected aspects. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1161486. [PMID: 37388250 PMCID: PMC10300472 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1161486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a disease characterized by a high mortality rate (up to 30%). Since the pathogen is highly tolerant to changing conditions (high and low temperature, wide pH range, low availability of nutrients), it is widespread in the environment, e.g., water, soil, or food. L. monocytogenes possess a number of genes that determine its high virulence potential, i.e., genes involved in the intracellular cycle (e.g., prfA, hly, plcA, plcB, inlA, inlB), response to stress conditions (e.g., sigB, gadA, caspD, clpB, lmo1138), biofilm formation (e.g., agr, luxS), or resistance to disinfectants (e.g., emrELm, bcrABC, mdrL). Some genes are organized into genomic and pathogenicity islands. The islands LIPI-1 and LIPI-3 contain genes related to the infectious life cycle and survival in the food processing environment, while LGI-1 and LGI-2 potentially ensure survival and durability in the production environment. Researchers constantly have been searching for new genes determining the virulence of L. monocytogenes. Understanding the virulence potential of L. monocytogenes is an important element of public health protection, as highly pathogenic strains may be associated with outbreaks and the severity of listeriosis. This review summarizes the selected aspects of L. monocytogenes genomic and pathogenicity islands, and the importance of whole genome sequencing for epidemiological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Braley C, Gaucher ML, Fravalo P, Shedleur-Bourguignon F, Longpré J, Thibodeau A. Slight Temperature Deviation during a 56-Day Storage Period Does Not Affect the Microbiota of Fresh Vacuum-Packed Pork Loins. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081695. [PMID: 37107490 PMCID: PMC10138144 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is profitable to export fresh meat overseas, where it is often regarded as a premium commodity. Meeting this demand for fresh meat, however, necessitates long export times, during which uncontrolled temperature increases can affect the microbiological quality of the meat and thereby, reduce shelf life or compromise food safety. To study the impact of temperature deviations on microbial community composition and diversity, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. detection to describe the surface microbiota of eight batches of vacuum-packed loins stored at -1.5 °C (control) for 56 days and subjected to a 2 °C or 10 °C temperature deviation for a few hours (mimicking problems regularly encountered in the industry) at day 15 or 29. The presence of pathogens was negligible. The applied temperature deviations were not associated with different microbiota. Sequencing analysis showed the presence of Yersinia, an unexpected pathogen, and relative abundance increased in the groups subjected to temperature deviations. Over time, Lactobacillales_unclassified genus became the main constituent of the microbiota of vacuum-packed pork loins. Although the microbiota of the eight batches appeared similar at the beginning of storage, differences were revealed after 56 days, suggesting unequal aging of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Braley
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire (GRESA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Groupe de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire (GRESA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Le Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), 75003 Paris, France
| | - Fanie Shedleur-Bourguignon
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Jessie Longpré
- F. Ménard, Division d'Olymel s.e.c., Ange-Gardien, QC J0E 1E0, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Chaire de Recherche en Salubrité des Viandes (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d'Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire (GRESA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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Maciel C, Silva NFD, Teixeira P, Magalhães JMCS. Development of a Novel Phagomagnetic-Assisted Isothermal DNA Amplification System for Endpoint Electrochemical Detection of Listeria monocytogenes. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040464. [PMID: 37185539 PMCID: PMC10136355 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The hitherto implemented Listeria monocytogenes detection techniques are cumbersome or require expensive non-portable instrumentation, hindering their transposition into on-time surveillance systems. The current work proposes a novel integrated system resorting to loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), assisted by a bacteriophage P100-magnetic platform, coupled to an endpoint electrochemical technique, towards L. monocytogenes expeditious detection. Molybdophosphate-based optimization of the bacterial phagomagnetic separation protocol allowed the determination of the optimal parameters for its execution (pH 7, 25 °C, 32 µg of magnetic particles; 60.6% of specific capture efficiency). The novel LAMP method targeting prfA was highly specific, accomplishing 100% inclusivity (for 61 L. monocytogenes strains) and 100% exclusivity (towards 42 non-target Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria). As a proof-of-concept, the developed scheme was successfully validated in pasteurized milk spiked with L. monocytogenes. The phagomagnetic-based approach succeeded in the selective bacterial capture and ensuing lysis, triggering Listeria DNA leakage, which was efficiently LAMP amplified. Methylene blue-based electrochemical detection of LAMP amplicons was accomplished in 20 min with remarkable analytical sensitivity (1 CFU mL-1). Hence, the combined system presented an outstanding performance and robustness, providing a 2.5 h-swift, portable, cost-efficient detection scheme for decentralized on-field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Maciel
- Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nádia F D Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Teixeira
- Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Júlia M C S Magalhães
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Saraiva C, Saraiva S, Patarata L, da Conceição Fontes M, Martins C. Behaviour of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in Normal and DFD Beef of an Autochthonous Portuguese Breed. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071420. [PMID: 37048241 PMCID: PMC10093655 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to identify the behaviour of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated in Maronesa breed beef with different ultimate pH (pHu) (Normal and DFD), and stored at two different temperatures (4 and 9 °C), during 28 days post mortem (pm). The main objective was to illustrate the problematic feature of dealing with beef showing high pHu and stored at mild abusive temperatures (9 °C). Beef steaks (ms. longissimus dorsi) were inoculated with low levels (2–3 log CFU/g) of those both pathogens and packed in air, vacuum and three gaseous mixtures with decreasing O2 and increasing CO2 concentrations (MAP70/20, MAP50/40 and MAP30/60). At 4 °C, the growth of E. coli O157:H7 presented the same pattern on Normal and DFD meat. On the contrary, the growth of L. monocytogenes was higher in DFD meat, revealing the effect of the pHu and its psychotropic character. At abusive temperatures, both pathogens grew, achieving high levels in DFD meat. In these cases, the MAP with the highest CO2 concentration (60%) was revealed to be more effective against the development of E. coli O157:H7, therefore, not exceeding levels of 5 log CFU/g at the end of storage, while in L. monocytogenes, it reaches 8 log CFU/g under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Saraiva
- Animal and Veterinary Science Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Sónia Saraiva
- Animal and Veterinary Science Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis Patarata
- Animal and Veterinary Science Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria da Conceição Fontes
- Animal and Veterinary Science Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Conceição Martins
- Animal and Veterinary Science Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Scarponi D, ranalli M, Bedetti L, Miselli F, Rossi K, Iughetti L, Lugli L, Berardi A. La listeriosi neonatale e materno-fetale. MEDICO E BAMBINO 2023; 42:177-182. [DOI: 10.53126/meb42177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Listeriosis is a foodborne condition associated with the ingestion of food contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes that can cause serious health consequences in neonates and pregnant women. In these groups the incidence of the disease is higher due to the relative immunocompromised state and the particular Listeria monocytogenes tropism for the placenta. The paediatrician and the neonatologist must therefore be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of the disease promptly so as to set up an adequate treatment according to the most recent international guidelines. This article provides epidemiological data and describes the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of maternal-foetal and neonatal listeriosis, as well as the therapeutic indications according to very recent recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Scarponi
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Pediatria, AOU Policlinico di Modena
| | - Marco ranalli
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Pediatria, AOU Policlinico di Modena
| | - Luca Bedetti
- Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, AOU Policlinico di Modena
| | | | - katia Rossi
- Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, AOU Policlinico di Modena
| | | | - Licia Lugli
- Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, AOU Policlinico di Modena
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Liustrovaite V, Pogorielov M, Boguzaite R, Ratautaite V, Ramanaviciene A, Pilvenyte G, Holubnycha V, Korniienko V, Diedkova K, Viter R, Ramanavicius A. Towards Electrochemical Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polypyrrole for the Detection of Bacteria- Listeria monocytogenes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071597. [PMID: 37050211 PMCID: PMC10097406 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting bacteria-Listeria monocytogenes-is an essential healthcare and food industry issue. The objective of the current study was to apply platinum (Pt) and screen-printed carbon (SPCE) electrodes modified by molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) in the design of an electrochemical sensor for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes. A sequence of potential pulses was used to perform the electrochemical deposition of the non-imprinted polypyrrole (NIP-Ppy) layer and Listeria monocytogenes-imprinted polypyrrole (MIP-Ppy) layer over SPCE and Pt electrodes. The bacteria were removed by incubating Ppy-modified electrodes in different extraction solutions (sulphuric acid, acetic acid, L-lysine, and trypsin) to determine the most efficient solution for extraction and to obtain a more sensitive and repeatable design of the sensor. The performance of MIP-Ppy- and NIP-Ppy-modified electrodes was evaluated by pulsed amperometric detection (PAD). According to the results of this research, it can be assumed that the most effective MIP-Ppy/SPCE sensor can be designed by removing bacteria with the proteolytic enzyme trypsin. The LOD and LOQ of the MIP-Ppy/SPCE were 70 CFU/mL and 210 CFU/mL, respectively, with a linear range from 300 to 6700 CFU/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Liustrovaite
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Maksym Pogorielov
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sumy State University, R-Korsakova Street, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Raimonda Boguzaite
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Ratautaite
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Greta Pilvenyte
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Viktoriia Holubnycha
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sumy State University, R-Korsakova Street, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Viktoriia Korniienko
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sumy State University, R-Korsakova Street, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kateryna Diedkova
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sumy State University, R-Korsakova Street, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Roman Viter
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause severe invasive infections upon ingestion with contaminated food. Clinically, listerial disease, or listeriosis, most often presents as bacteremia, meningitis or meningoencephalitis, and pregnancy-associated infections manifesting as miscarriage or neonatal sepsis. Invasive listeriosis is life-threatening and a main cause of foodborne illness leading to hospital admissions in Western countries. Sources of contamination can be identified through international surveillance systems for foodborne bacteria and strains' genetic data sharing. Large-scale whole genome studies have increased our knowledge on the diversity and evolution of L. monocytogenes, while recent pathophysiological investigations have improved our mechanistic understanding of listeriosis. In this article, we present an overview of human listeriosis with particular focus on relevant features of the causative bacterium, epidemiology, risk groups, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel M Koopmans
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José A Vázquez-Boland
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School (Biomedical Sciences), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Smigic N, Ozilgen S, Gómez-López VM, Osés SM, Miloradovic Z, Aleksic B, Miocinovic J, Smole Možina S, Kunčič A, Guiné R, Gonçalves JC, Trafialek J, Czarniecka-Skubina E, Goel G, Blazic M, Herljevic D, Nikolić A, Mujčinović A, Djekic I. Consumer attitudes and perceptions towards chilled ready-to-eat foods: a multi-national study. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2023; 18:133-146. [PMID: 37265593 PMCID: PMC9994415 DOI: 10.1007/s00003-023-01424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding consumers' behavior and their handling of high-risk foods at home is essential for reducing the number of foodborne illnesses. This study shows the results of a cross-national analysis of consumers' perception from nine countries, and the identification of customers' clusters and its characteristics in order to understand customers' behavior, and to build safe chilled ready-to-eat (RTE) foods prevention strategies. The cluster analysis resulted in two clusters: (1) "Precautious consumers" characterized by the orientation towards pre-packed RTE foods, with consumers mainly coming from Bosnia and Herzegovina, India, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey. Their attitudes and self-reported practices may be categorized as less risky in terms of food-borne illnesses connected with the consumption of RTE foods; (2) "Unconcerned consumers" preferred cutting and slicing RTE foods freshly at the point of purchase, usually sold at the delicatessen department in a supermarket or at open markets. Those consumers mostly came from Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia and their attitudes and self-reported practices were riskier. These results allow a better understating of what characterizes consumers of RTE foods in different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Smigic
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sibel Ozilgen
- Faculty of Fine Arts, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vicente M. Gómez-López
- Green and Innovative Technologies for Food, Environment and Bioengineering Research Group (FEnBeT), Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Sandra María Osés
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | | | - Biljana Aleksic
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Ajda Kunčič
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Raquel Guiné
- CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Gonçalves
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Trafialek
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gunjan Goel
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | | | - Dora Herljevic
- Karlovac University of Applied Sciences, Karlovac, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolić
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alen Mujčinović
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ilija Djekic
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Bolívar A, Garrote Achou C, Tarlak F, Cantalejo MJ, Costa JCCP, Pérez-Rodríguez F. Modeling the Growth of Six Listeria monocytogenes Strains in Smoked Salmon Pâté. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061123. [PMID: 36981050 PMCID: PMC10048639 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the growth of six L. monocytogenes strains isolated from different fish products was quantified and modeled in smoked salmon pâté at a temperature ranging from 2 to 20 °C. The experimental data obtained for each strain was fitted to the primary growth model of Baranyi and Roberts to estimate the following kinetic parameters: lag phase (λ), maximum specific growth rate (μmax), and maximum cell density (Nmax). Then, the effect of storage temperature on the obtained μmax values was modeled by the Ratkowsky secondary model. In general, the six L. monocytogenes strains showed rapid growth in salmon pâté at all storage temperatures, with a relatively short lag phase λ, even at 2 °C. The growth behavior among the tested strains was similar at the same storage temperature, although significant differences were found for the parameters λ and μmax. Besides, the growth variations among the strains did not follow a regular pattern. The estimated secondary model parameter Tmin ranged from -4.25 to -3.19 °C. This study provides accurate predictive models for the growth of L. monocytogenes in fish pâtés that can be used in shelf life and microbial risk assessment studies. In addition, the models generated in this work can be implemented in predictive modeling tools and repositories that can be reliably and easily used by the fish industry and end-users to establish measures aimed at controlling the growth of L. monocytogenes in fish-based pâtés.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Bolívar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Chajira Garrote Achou
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnology and Food, School of Agriculture Engineering, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadia, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fatih Tarlak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Gedik University, 34876 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - María Jesús Cantalejo
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnology and Food, School of Agriculture Engineering, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadia, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jean Carlos Correia Peres Costa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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41
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Zhang H, Luo X, Aspridou Z, Misiou O, Dong P, Zhang Y. The Prevalence and Antibiotic-Resistant of Listeria monocytogenes in Livestock and Poultry Meat in China and the EU from 2001 to 2022: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040769. [PMID: 36832844 PMCID: PMC9957035 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare the prevalence and antibiotic resistance rate of Listeria monocytogenes in livestock and poultry (beef, pork and chicken) meat between China and the European Union (EU), a meta-analysis was conducted. Ninety-one out of 2156 articles in Chinese and English published between January 2001 and February 2022 were selected from four databases. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes in livestock and poultry (beef, pork and chicken) meat in China and Europe was 7.1% (3152/56,511, 95% CI: 5.8-8.6%) and 8.3% (2264/889,309, 95% CI: 5.9-11.0%), respectively. Moreover, a decreasing trend was observed in both regions over time. Regarding antibiotic resistance, for the resistance to 15 antibiotics, the pooled prevalence was 5.8% (95% CI: 3.1-9.1%). In both regions, the highest prevalence was found in oxacillin, ceftriaxone and tetracycline, and a large difference was reported between China and the EU in ceftriaxone (52.6% vs. 17.3%) and cefotaxime (7.0% vs. 0.0%). Based on the above, it remains a significant challenge to enforce good control measures against the meat-sourced L. monocytogenes both in China and in the EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Laboratory of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Zafeiro Aspridou
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ourania Misiou
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- Laboratory of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Laboratory of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence:
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42
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Stefanou CR, Szosland-Fałtyn A, Bartodziejska B. Survey of Domestic Refrigerator Storage Temperatures in Poland for Use as a QMRA Tool for Exposure Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2924. [PMID: 36833621 PMCID: PMC9957224 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment, the estimation of the ingested dose of a hazard by the consumer is of paramount importance. This may be calculated by means of predictive modeling of growth/inactivation of the pathogen studied. For products that spend the majority of their shelf life in the domestic refrigerator, storage temperature will significantly impact the microbial population dynamics. To describe the variability of domestic storage temperatures in Poland, a survey including 77 participants, was carried out in Lodz, Poland. Participants were provided with temperature data loggers, which measured their refrigerator temperature for 24 h in 5-min intervals. The temperature-time profiles were used to calculate the mean working temperature, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, and the data were statistically analyzed to find the best fitting probability distribution using R programming language. Out of the tested refrigerators, 49.35% had a mean working temperature of over 5 °C and 3.9% exceeded 10 °C. Distribution fitting scenarios were tested for goodness of fit, and the final selected distribution was a truncated normal distribution. This study can prove useful in Monte Carlo simulation analysis for stochastic quantitative food risk assessment in Poland.
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43
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Treatment of Ready-To-Eat Cooked Meat Products with Cold Atmospheric Plasma to Inactivate Listeria and Escherichia coli. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040685. [PMID: 36832760 PMCID: PMC9955718 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ready-to-eat meat products have been identified as a potential vehicle for Listeria monocytogenes. Postprocessing contamination (i.e., handling during portioning and packaging) can occur, and subsequent cold storage together with a demand for products with long shelf life can create a hazardous scenario. Good hygienic practice is augmented by intervention measures in controlling post-processing contamination. Among these interventions, the application of 'cold atmospheric plasma' (CAP) has gained interest. The reactive plasma species exert some antibacterial effect, but can also alter the food matrix. We studied the effect of CAP generated from air in a surface barrier discharge system (power densities 0.48 and 0.67 W/cm2) with an electrode-sample distance of 15 mm on sliced, cured, cooked ham and sausage (two brands each), veal pie, and calf liver pâté. Colour of samples was tested immediately before and after CAP exposure. CAP exposure for 5 min effectuated only minor colour changes (ΔE max. 2.7), due to a decrease in redness (a*), and in some cases, an increase in b*. A second set of samples was contaminated with Listeria (L.) monocytogenes, L. innocua and E. coli and then exposed to CAP for 5 min. In cooked cured meats, CAP was more effective in inactivating E. coli (1 to 3 log cycles) than Listeria (from 0.2 to max. 1.5 log cycles). In (non-cured) veal pie and calf liver pâté that had been stored 24 h after CAP exposure, numbers of E. coli were not significantly reduced. Levels of Listeria were significantly reduced in veal pie that had been stored for 24 h (at a level of ca. 0.5 log cycles), but not in calf liver pâté. Antibacterial activity differed between but also within sample types, which requires further studies.
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44
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Schoder D, Pelz A, Paulsen P. Transmission Scenarios of Listeria monocytogenes on Small Ruminant On-Farm Dairies. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020265. [PMID: 36673359 PMCID: PMC9858201 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can cause severe foodborne infections in humans and invasive diseases in different animal species, especially in small ruminants. Infection of sheep and goats can occur via contaminated feed or through the teat canal. Both infection pathways result in direct (e.g., raw milk from an infected udder or fresh cheese produced from such milk) or indirect exposure of consumers. The majority of dairy farmers produces a high-risk product, namely fresh cheese made from raw ewe's and goat's milk. This, and the fact that L. monocytogenes has an extraordinary viability, poses a significant challenge to on-farm dairies. Yet, surprisingly, almost no scientific studies have been conducted dealing with the hygiene and food safety aspects of directly marketed dairy products. L. monocytogenes prevalence studies on small ruminant on-farm dairies are especially limited. Therefore, it was our aim to focus on three main transmission scenarios of this important major foodborne pathogen: (i) the impact of caprine and ovine listerial mastitis; (ii) the significance of clinical listeriosis and outbreak scenarios; and (iii) the impact of farm management and feeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Schoder
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Food Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Vétérinaires sans Frontières Austria, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-25077-3520
| | - Alexandra Pelz
- Vétérinaires sans Frontières Austria, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Paulsen
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Bucur FI, Borda D, Neagu C, Grigore-Gurgu L, Nicolau AI. Deterministic Approach and Monte Carlo Simulation to Predict Listeria monocytogenes Time to Grow on Refrigerated Ham: A Study Supporting Risk-based Decisions for Consumers' Health. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100026. [PMID: 36916585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2022.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) ham during storage under conditions simulating domestic practices with the intention to offer support in the elaboration of food safety policies that should better protect consumers against food poisoning at home. RTE ham, artificially contaminated at either medium (102-103 CFU/g) or high (104-105 CFU/g) concentration, was stored at both isothermal (4℃ in a refrigerator able to maintain a relatively constant temperature and 5℃ and 7℃ in a refrigerator with fluctuating temperature) and dynamic (5℃ and 7℃ with intermittent exposure to ambient temperature, e.g. 25℃) conditions. Under isothermal conditions, the increasing storage temperature determined a significantly increased (p < 0.05) capacity of L. monocytogenes to grow. The kinetic growth parameters were derived by fitting the Baranyi and Roberts model to the experimental data and, based on the maximum specific growth rates, it was estimated the temperature dependence of L. monocytogenes growth in RTE ham. At medium contamination level, sanitary risk time calculation revealed that, unlike storage at 5℃ and 7℃, storage at 4℃ of the RTE ham extends the time period during which the product is safe for consumption by ∼40 and 52%, respectively. However, the real temperature fluctuations included in the Monte Carlo simulations at low L. monocytogenes counts (1, 5 and 10 CFU/g) have shortened the safety margins. Stochastic models also proved to be useful tools for describing the pathogen's behavior when refrigeration of the RTE ham alternates with periods of ham being kept at room temperature, considered dynamic conditions of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Ionela Bucur
- Dunărea de Jos University of Galați, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Domnească Street 111, Galați 800201, Romania
| | - Daniela Borda
- Dunărea de Jos University of Galați, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Domnească Street 111, Galați 800201, Romania
| | - Corina Neagu
- Dunărea de Jos University of Galați, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Domnească Street 111, Galați 800201, Romania
| | - Leontina Grigore-Gurgu
- Dunărea de Jos University of Galați, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Domnească Street 111, Galați 800201, Romania
| | - Anca Ioana Nicolau
- Dunărea de Jos University of Galați, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Domnească Street 111, Galați 800201, Romania.
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Stefanou C, Bartodziejska B, Szosland‐Fałtyn A. Quantitative microbiological risk assessment of traditional food of animal origin produced in short supply chains in Poland. EFSA J 2022; 20:e200921. [PMID: 36531283 PMCID: PMC9749444 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.e200921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polish raw-milk cheeses produced in short supply chains may pose a threat to consumer safety due to pathogen presence. Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium of great importance for the food safety of refrigerated RTE foods due to its ability to grow at refrigeration temperatures. During the EU-FORA fellowship, a stochastic risk assessment was designed and executed to estimate the risk for consumers from L. monocytogenes in these products. The aim was to develop a probabilistic QMRA model that would incorporate the variability and uncertainty of the model's inputs such as prevalence, initial concentration levels, product intrinsic factors, domestic storage temperature and consumer behaviour. The project involved data collection and analysis, growth model selection, mathematical modelling and Monte Carlo analysis in R programming language. Microbiological and physicochemical testing were carried out throughout the year on two types of cheeses in combination with a domestic refrigerator temperature survey and accompanying consumption questionnaire. Collected data were fitted to probability distributions using R. The appropriate growth model for the pathogen was selected based on an inoculation study performed on one of the raw-milk cheeses and the chosen mathematical model was written into the R script developed for the QMRA. The dose-response model used the ingested dose calculated from the modelled concentration of L. monocytogenes at the time of consumption and the single serving size from the questionnaire to estimate the probability of illness. The final risk was expressed as probability of listeriosis for Polish consumers per serving of raw-milk cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beata Bartodziejska
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agriculture and Food Biotechnology – State Research InstitutePoland
| | - Anna Szosland‐Fałtyn
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agriculture and Food Biotechnology – State Research InstitutePoland
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47
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Abstract
This report of the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presents the results of zoonoses monitoring and surveillance activities carried out in 2021 in 27 MSs, the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) and nine non-MSs. Key statistics on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in humans, food, animals and feed are provided and interpreted historically. In 2021, the first and second most reported zoonoses in humans were campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis, respectively. Cases of campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis increased in comparison with 2020, but decreased compared with previous years. In 2021, data collection and analysis at the EU level were still impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the control measures adopted in the MSs, including partial or total lockdowns. Sixteen MSs and the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) achieved all the established targets in poultry populations for reduction in Salmonella prevalence for the relevant serovars. Salmonella samples from carcases of various animal species and samples for Campylobacter quantification from broiler carcases were more frequently positive when performed by the competent authorities than when own-checks were conducted. Yersiniosis was the third most reported zoonosis in humans, followed by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Listeria monocytogenes infections. L. monocytogenes and West Nile virus infections were the most severe zoonotic diseases, with the most hospitalisations and highest case fatality rates. Overall, MSs reported more foodborne outbreaks and cases in 2021 than in 2020. S. Enteritidis remained the most frequently reported causative agent for foodborne outbreaks. Salmonella in 'eggs and egg products' and in 'mixed foods' were the agent/food pairs of most concern. Outbreaks linked to 'vegetables and juices and products thereof' rose considerably compared with previous years. This report also provides updates on brucellosis, Coxiella burnetii (Q fever), echinococcosis, rabies, toxoplasmosis, trichinellosis, tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis or M. caprae, and tularaemia.
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48
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Kayode AJ, Okoh AI. Assessment of the molecular epidemiology and genetic multiplicity of Listeria monocytogenes recovered from ready-to-eat foods following the South African listeriosis outbreak. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20129. [PMID: 36418424 PMCID: PMC9684121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the recent listeriosis outbreak in South Africa, this study was carried out to assess the safety level of various common ready-to-eat foods (RTE) obtained from supermarkets and grocery stores in major towns and cities within the Amathole, Chris Hani and Sarah Baartman Districts Municipalities, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. A sum of 239 food samples was collected from these locations, and Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) was isolated in line with the recommended techniques by the International Organization for Standardization EN ISO 11290:2017 parts 1 and 2. Identification of the pathogen and detection of various associated virulence genes was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques. From the RTE food samples processed, Lm was detected in 107 (44.77%) of the samples. Russian sausage was the most contaminated (78.57%), followed by sliced polony (61.90%), muffins (58.33%), polony (52.63%), and pies (52.38%), while all vetkoek samples examined were negative for Lm. Although the prevalence of Lm in the food samples was very high, concentrations were generally < 100 CFU/g. Strains of Lm recovered from the RTE foods were predominantly epidemiological strains belonging to serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b and 4b. The prevalence of 10 virulence genes including the inlA, InlC, inlJ, plcA, hlyA, plcB, prfA, mpl, inlB, and actA were detected among Lm isolates. Most of the isolates (69.07%) demonstrated the potential for biofilm formation and were categorized as weak (14.95%), moderate (13.40%) and strong (40.72) biofilm formers. Furthermore, molecular typing revealed high levels of genetic diversity among Lm isolates. The findings of this investigation suggested that the presence of Lm in the RTE foods may constitute potential threats to the food sector and could pose public health hazards to consumers, particularly the high-risk group of the population. We, therefore, recommend that adequate food monitoring for safety and proper regulation enforcement in the food sector must be ensured to avoid any future listeriosis outbreak that could be linked to RTE foods in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeoye John Kayode
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Center, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Center, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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49
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Pogreba-Brown K, Boyd K, Schaefer K, Austhof E, Armstrong A, Owusu-Dommey A, Villa-Zapata L, Arora M, McClelland JD, Hoffman S. Complications Associated with Foodborne Listeriosis: A Scoping Review. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:725-743. [PMID: 36367547 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a relatively rare but highly pathogenic bacterium that can cause foodborne infections. In the United States there are ∼1600 cases per year, 94% of which result in hospitalizations and 20% in deaths. Per-case burden is high because the disease also causes serious complications, including sepsis, encephalitis, meningitis, miscarriage, and stillbirth. The disease burden of L. monocytogenes is underestimated because some of these acute complications can also result in long-term outcomes. In this article, we conducted a scoping review of L. monocytogenes complications and longer term outcomes from articles published between 2000 and 2018. Search terms were developed for four major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase) as well as gray literature and hand searches of review articles. We follow standard scoping review methodology and assessment. Out of 10,618 unique articles originally identified, 115 articles were included, representing 49 unique outcomes. The majority of studies were cohort designs (n = 67) and conducted in the United States or Europe (n = 98). Four major outcome groupings were death, neurological disorders, sepsis, and congenital infection. This study identifies substantial research on the common acute complications of L. monocytogenes and few long-term consequences of L. monocytogenes. We identify the need for additional studies to determine the longer term impacts of these acute complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Pogreba-Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kylie Boyd
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kenzie Schaefer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Erika Austhof
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Alexandra Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ama Owusu-Dommey
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Mona Arora
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jean D McClelland
- Arizona Health Sciences Library, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sandra Hoffman
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Schoder D, Guldimann C, Märtlbauer E. Asymptomatic Carriage of Listeria monocytogenes by Animals and Humans and Its Impact on the Food Chain. Foods 2022; 11:3472. [PMID: 36360084 PMCID: PMC9654558 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans and animals can become asymptomatic carriers of Listeria monocytogenes and introduce the pathogen into their environment with their feces. In turn, this environmental contamination can become the source of food- and feed-borne illnesses in humans and animals, with the food production chain representing a continuum between the farm environment and human populations that are susceptible to listeriosis. Here, we update a review from 2012 and summarize the current knowledge on the asymptomatic carrier statuses in humans and animals. The data on fecal shedding by species with an impact on the food chain are summarized, and the ways by which asymptomatic carriers contribute to the risk of listeriosis in humans and animals are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Schoder
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Veterinarians without Borders Austria, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Guldimann
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety and Analytics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Erwin Märtlbauer
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Milk Hygiene, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
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