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Elokil A, Li S, Chen W, Farid O, Abouelezz K, Zohair K, Nassar F, El-Komy E, Farag S, Elattrouny M. Ethoxyquin attenuates enteric oxidative stress and inflammation by promoting cytokine expressions and symbiotic microbiota in heat-stressed broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103761. [PMID: 38692088 PMCID: PMC11070915 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal oxidative stress in broilers is produced by chronic heat stress (HS) and has a negative impact on poultry performance as it induces intestinal inflammation and promotes the invasion of gram-negative bacteria, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, dietary inclusion of the antioxidant compound, ethoxyquin (EQ), could improve enteric antioxidant capacity, immune responses, and the epithelial barrier, and maintain the symbiotic gut microbiota community. To investigate the effects of EQ supplementation on alleviating enteric oxidative stress in heat-stressed broilers, 200 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 50 chicks/group; n = 10 chicks/replicate) and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (CT), 50 (EQ-50), 100 (EQ-100), and 200 (EQ-200) mg EQ/ kg-1 for 5 wk. The chicks were raised in floor pens inside the broiler farm at a temperature and humidity index (THI) of 29 from d 21 to d 35. Growth performance traits, relative organ index, hepatic antioxidant enzymes, serum immunity, total adenylate, and cytokine activities were improved in the EQ-50 group (linear or quadratic P < 0.05), promoting the relative mRNA expression of cytokine gene-related anti-inflammatory and growth factors. A distinct microbial community colonised the gut microbiota in the EQ-50 group, with a high relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Pediococcus, Blautia, and Faecalibacterium compared to the other groups. Dietary supplementation with 50 mg EQ/ kg-1 for 5 wk attenuates enteric oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation by enhancing serum immune and cytokine content (IgG, IL-6, and TGF-β,) and symbiotic microbiota in heat-stressed broilers. EQ promotes the expression of Hsp70, SOD2, GPx 4, IL-6, and IGF-1 cytokine gene-related anti-inflammatory and growth factors in heat-stressed hepatic broilers. Collectively, EQ-50 could be a suitable feed supplement for attenuating enteric oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation, thereby promoting the productivity of heat-stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmotaleb Elokil
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Shijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Omar Farid
- Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12553, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abouelezz
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Khairy Zohair
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Farid Nassar
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Esteftah El-Komy
- Animal Production Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Soha Farag
- Department of animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elattrouny
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
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Abeyta MA, Al-Qaisi M, Horst EA, Mayorga EJ, Rodriguez-Jimenez S, Goetz BM, Carta S, Tucker H, Baumgard LH. Effects of dietary antioxidant supplementation on metabolism and inflammatory biomarkers in heat-stressed dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1441-1452. [PMID: 36543647 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heat-stress-induced inflammation may be ameliorated by antioxidant supplementation due to the purported effects of increased production of reactive oxygen species or oxidative stress on the gastrointestinal tract barrier. Thus, study objectives were to evaluate whether antioxidant supplementation [AGRADO Plus 2.0 (AP); EW Nutrition] affects metabolism and inflammatory biomarkers in heat-stressed lactating dairy cows. Thirty-two mid-lactation multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary-environmental treatments: (1) thermoneutral (TN) conditions and fed a control diet (TN-CON; n = 8), (2) TN and fed a diet with AP (10 g antioxidant; n = 8), (3) heat stress (HS) and fed a control diet (HS-CON; n = 8), or (4) HS and fed a diet with AP (HS-AP; n = 8). The trial consisted of a 23-d prefeeding phase and 2 experimental periods (P). Respective dietary treatments were top-dressed starting on d 1 of the prefeeding period and continued daily throughout the duration of the experiment. During P1 (4 d), baseline data were collected. During P2 (7 d), HS was artificially induced using an electric heat blanket (Thermotex Therapy Systems Ltd.). During P2, the effects of treatment, day, and treatment-by-day interaction were assessed using PROC MIXED of SAS (SAS Institute Inc.). Heat stress (treatments 3 and 4) increased rectal, vaginal, and skin temperatures (1.2°C, 1.1°C, and 2.0°C, respectively) and respiration rate (33 breaths per minute) relative to TN cows. As expected, HS decreased dry matter intake, milk yield, and energy-corrected milk yield (32%, 28%, and 28% from d 4 to 7, respectively) relative to TN. There were no effects of AP on body temperature indices or production. Milk fat, protein, and lactose concentrations remained unaltered by HS or AP; however, milk urea nitrogen was increased during HS regardless of AP supplementation (26% relative to TN). Circulating glucose remained unchanged by HS, AP, or time. Additionally, HS decreased circulating glucagon (29% from d 3 to 7 relative to TN), but there was no additional effect of AP. There was a tendency for nonesterified fatty acid concentrations to be increased in HS-AP cows throughout P2 (60% relative to TN-CON), whereas it remained similar in all other treatments. Blood urea nitrogen increased for both HS treatments from d 1 to 3 before steadily decreasing from d 5 to 7, with the overall increase being most pronounced in HS-CON cows (27% relative to TN-CON). Further, supplementing AP decreased blood urea nitrogen in HS-AP on d 3 relative to HS-CON (15%). Circulating serum amyloid A tended to be and lipopolysaccharide binding protein was increased by HS, but neither acute-phase protein was affected by AP. Overall, AP supplementation appeared to marginally alter metabolism but did not meaningfully alter inflammation during HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - E A Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - E J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | | | - B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - S Carta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - H Tucker
- Novus International, St. Charles, MO 63304
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
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Azizi M, Bouyeh M, Seidavi A. Effects of different levels of fenofibrate on growth performance, carcase characteristics, abdominal fat, serum constitutes, immune system, caeca and microbial flora of broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2032417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Azizi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bouyeh
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
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Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha H, Li C, Chen X, Peng W, Aghbashlo M, Lam SS, Tabatabaei M. Managing the hazardous waste cooking oil by conversion into bioenergy through the application of waste-derived green catalysts: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127636. [PMID: 34740507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Waste cooking oil (WCO) is a hazardous waste generated at staggering values globally. WCO disposal into various ecosystems, including soil and water, could result in severe environmental consequences. On the other hand, mismanagement of this hazardous waste could also be translated into the loss of resources given its energy content. Hence, finding cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative pathways for simultaneous management and valorization of WCO, such as conversion into biodiesel, has been widely sought. Due to its low toxicity, high biodegradability, renewability, and the possibility of direct use in diesel engines, biodiesel is a promising alternative to mineral diesel. However, the conventional homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts used in the biodiesel production process, i.e., transesterification, are generally toxic and derived from non-renewable resources. Therefore, to boost the sustainability features of the process, the development of catalysts derived from renewable waste-oriented resources is of significant importance. In light of the above, the present work aims to review and critically discuss the hazardous WCO application for bioenergy production. Moreover, various waste-oriented catalysts used to valorize this waste are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Li
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiangmeng Chen
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Terengganu, Malaysia; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Extension, And Education Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
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Effects of dietary oxidized oil on growth performance, meat quality and biochemical indices in poultry – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lipids (fats and oils) are a concentrated source of energy in poultry diets that improves palatability, feed consistency, provides essential fatty acids and increases the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Fresh oil is an expensive energy source and its exposure to air, heat, metallic catalyst during storage and processing may lead to its oxidative deterioration. This review highlights the response of modern poultry to dietary oxidized oil on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, gut health, carcass characteristics, meat quality, blood chemistry and tissue oxidative status. Literature shows that in moderately (peroxide value (PV): 20 to 50 meq kg−1) and highly (PV: 50 to 100 meq kg−1 or above) oxidized oils, lipid peroxidation causes rancid odours and flavours that negatively affect feed palatability, reduces intestinal villus height that decreases the surface area available for nutrients absorption. The oxidation products also damage fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) in blood resulting in an oxidative stress. The use of oxidized oil in poultry diets has no significant effect on dressing percentage, pH and meat colour, whereas carcass weight decreases and drip loss of meat increases. Overall, there is a contradictory data regarding the influence of oxidized oil in poultry feed depending on the PV and inclusion levels. The reviewed literature shows that the use of mildly oxidized (PV < 20 meq kg−1) oil in poultry feed with 4 to 5% inclusion level decreases the feed cost and ultimately cost of poultry production without compromising their growth performance. It can, therefore, partially replace fresh oil as an efficient, cost effective and sustainable energy source in poultry diets.
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Rasheed MSA, Oelschlager ML, Smith BN, Bauer LL, Whelan RA, Dilger RN. Dietary methylsulfonylmethane supplementation and oxidative stress in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:914-925. [PMID: 32029168 PMCID: PMC7587734 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is an organic, sulfur-containing compound widely used as a dietary supplement to improve joint health and treat arthritic pain. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of feeding 0.05% MSM to broilers exposed to diet-induced oxidative stress on tissue MSM distribution, growth performance, oxidative stress biomarkers, and immune responsivity. A total of 528 birds were allocated to 4 dietary treatments (fresh oil-no MSM, fresh oil-MSM, oxidized oil-no MSM, oxidized oil-MSM) as provided ad libitum to 11 replicate cages of 12 birds per treatment. Blood and tissue samples were collected to analyze MSM concentrations, and oxidative stress biomarkers including concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GR) activities. Additionally, blood samples collected at day 25 were used to quantify T-cell (TC) populations using flow cytometry. Overall, MSM was quantified in all tissues and plasma samples of MSM-treated groups at all time points. Oxidized oil reduced (P = 0.006) feed intake over the 21-d feeding period, but MSM did not affect growth equally across time points. No effects (P > 0.2) of MSM or oil type were observed on TC populations. In the presence of oxidized oil, MSM reduced (P = 0.013) plasma TBARS and increased (P = 0.02) liver GPx at day 21, and increased (P = 0.06) liver GR at day 7. Irrespective of dietary oil type, groups supplemented with MSM showed higher plasma TAC at day 7 (P = 0.023), liver GPx activity at day 21 (P = 0.003), and liver GR activity at day 7 (P = 0.004) compared with groups not receiving MSM. In conclusion, 0.05% dietary MSM supplementation partially protected birds from oxidative stress but did not affect immune cell profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Abdul Rasheed
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - M L Oelschlager
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - B N Smith
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - L L Bauer
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - R A Whelan
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang 63457, Germany
| | - R N Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Mazizi BE, Moyo D, Erlwanger KH, Chivandi E. Effects of Dietary Sclerocarya Birrea Caffra (Marula) Nut Meal on the Growth Performance and Viscera Macromorphometry of Broiler Japanese Quail. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Fellenberg M, Speisky H. Antioxidants: their effects on broiler oxidative stress and its meat oxidative stability. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps200584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Fellenberg
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - H. Speisky
- Laboratorio de Micronutrientes, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile
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Zduńczyk Z, Jankowski J, Koncicki A. Growth performance and physiological state of turkeys fed diets with higher content of lipid oxidation products, selenium, vitamin E and vitamin A. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps20020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Zduńczyk
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research PAS, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - J. Jankowski
- Chair of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - A. Koncicki
- Department of Poultry Diseases, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Dale
- Poultry Science Department, Poultry Science Building, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA,
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Mazur-Kuśnirek M, Antoszkiewicz Z, Lipiński K, Kaliniewicz J, Kotlarczyk S. The effect of polyphenols and vitamin E on the antioxidant status and meat quality of broiler chickens fed low-quality oil. Arch Anim Breed 2019; 62:287-296. [PMID: 31807639 PMCID: PMC6852880 DOI: 10.5194/aab-62-287-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin E and
polyphenols on the antioxidant potential and meat quality of broiler chickens
fed diets supplemented with low-quality oil. The experimental materials
comprised 120 male Ross 308 broilers (six treatments, 10 replications, two
birds per replication). Dietary supplementation with vitamin E and/or
polyphenols was applied in the following experimental design: group I
(negative control) – without supplementation without low-quality oil; group
II (positive control) – without supplementation + low-quality oil; group
III – supplementation with 100 mg kg-1 of vitamin E+ low-quality
oil; group IV – 200 mg kg-1 of vitamin E + low-quality oil; group V
– 100 mg kg-1 of vitamin E and 100 mg kg-1 of polyphenols +
low-quality oil; group VI – 200 mg kg-1 of polyphenols +
low-quality oil. Rapeseed oil oxidised under laboratory conditions was added
to the diets of broiler chickens from groups II to VI. The applied
antioxidants had no effect on the growth performance of chickens fed oxidised
oil. Increased dietary inclusion levels of vitamin E and/or polyphenols
improved the antioxidant status in the blood and increased the content of
non-enzymatic antioxidants in the liver and breast muscles of broilers fed
low-quality oil. The tested antioxidants had no influence on carcass quality
parameters in chickens fed oxidised oil. However, birds fed diets with the
addition of vitamin E were characterised by a higher gizzard weight and
higher pH of gizzard digesta. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E and
polyphenols or polyphenols alone contributed to a lighter colour and lower pH
of breast muscles and an increase in the content of fat and ash in the breast
muscles of broilers fed oxidised oil. The breast muscles of birds given 100
or 200 mg kg-1 of supplemental vitamin E were characterised by higher
concentrations of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and
hypocholesterolemic fatty acids (DFAs), a more desirable DFA/OFA
ratio, and a lower
atherogenicity index (AI). Polyphenols combined with vitamin E can be a
valuable component of diets for broiler chickens when the problem of
low-quality oil occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mazur-Kuśnirek
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zofia Antoszkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lipiński
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Kaliniewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kotlarczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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Lee HH, Kim DH, Lee KW, Kim KE, Shin DE, An BK. Dietary Effects of Natural Polyphenol Antioxidant on Laying Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens Fed Diets with Oxidized Oil. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HH Lee
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea; Daeho Co., Ltd, Republic of Korea
| | - DH Kim
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - KW Lee
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - KE Kim
- Nonghyup Feed, Republic of Korea
| | - DE Shin
- Nonghyup Feed, Republic of Korea
| | - BK An
- Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
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Roll A, Forgiarini J, Bavaresco C, Roll V, Dionello N, Rutz F. Desempenho e metabolizabilidade de dietas em codornas alimentadas com níveis crescentes de óleo ácido de soja. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do óleo ácido de soja (OAS) sobre coeficientes de extinção específica da oxidação (K232 e K270) e a metabolizabilidade das dietas e o desempenho produtivo em codornas. Um total de 80 codornas de duplo propósito foram usadas num experimento com duração de 56 dias. Foi utilizado um delineamento completamente ao acaso com cinco níveis de tratamentos para OAS (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%), com oito repetições de duas aves cada, como substituto ao óleo de soja refinado (OS) incluído até um nível máximo de 8% na formulação da dieta. O índice de acidez e os coeficientes K232 e K270 mostraram um efeito linear crescente (P<0,001) com o aumento dos níveis de inclusão de OAS na formulação das dietas. Os coeficientes K232 e K270 não foram alterados com o armazenamento das rações durante 7 dias. A suplementação com OAS durante 56 dias não afetou o desempenho produtivo das codornas. Os resultados não mostraram efeitos do OAS sobre a metabolizabilidade de ingredientes, exceto para gordura bruta que exibiu um efeito quadrático decrescente até o nível de 50% de substituição do óleo de soja por OAS (y= 94,31-1,186x+0,018x2, R2= 0,28, P= 0,02). Em conclusão, a inclusão de até 8% de OAS na dieta durante um período curto de tempo (56 dias) não produz efeitos adversos no desempenho produtivo de codornas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - F. Rutz
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
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15
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Hung Y, Hanson A, Shurson G, Urriola P. Peroxidized lipids reduce growth performance of poultry and swine: A meta-analysis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Effects of dietary supplementation of organic minerals on the performance of broiler chicks fed oxidised soybean oil. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/jan.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe oxidation (rancidity) of fat is a very common feed quality issue, which can negatively affect growth performance and meat quality of broilers. Besides other factors, metal ions such as Zn, Cu and Fe can facilitate lipid peroxidation in feed. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of feeding corn soy diets containing fresh or oxidised soybean oil with different forms of microminerals on production performance of broiler chicks. Dietary treatments consisted of a 2 × 2 factorial structure with two kinds of soybean oil (oxidised or fresh) and two forms of microminerals (inorganic or organic). Mineral proteinate (Bioplex®, Alltech Inc.) including Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe was used as the organic source and was supplemented at the level equivalent to 25% of an inorganic source in the control diets. Organic selenium (Sel-Plex®, Alltech Inc.) at 0.3 mg/kg of diet was used to replace sodium selenite used at 0.3 mg/kg of diet in control diet. Oxidised soybean oil was prepared by convection heat (90°C for a period of seven days in a convection oven). A total of 1152 one-day old chicks were allotted randomly to the four dietary treatments using 12 replicates of 24 chicks per pen. Chicks were raised in floor pens for 42 days in an environmentally controlled room with free access to feed and water. There was no statistical interaction between oil source and mineral form on performance or mineral content of breast meat. Feeding oxidised oil increased (P < 0.05) feed intake and decreased gain to feed ratio (FCE) of chicks. Supplementation with organic minerals improved (P < 0.05) weight gain and FCE of chicks. The breast meat of chicks fed organic mineral had higher (P < 0.01) Se content than those from the control group. The results indicated that the addition of organic minerals to broiler diets can minimise the negative impact of oxidised oil on the performance of broiler chicks.
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Su G, Zhao J, Luo G, Xuan Y, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Wu D, He J, Che L. Effects of oil quality and antioxidant supplementation on sow performance, milk composition and oxidative status in serum and placenta. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:107. [PMID: 28592278 PMCID: PMC5463408 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effects of oil quality and antioxidant (AOX) supplementation on sow performance, milk composition and oxidative status. METHODS A total of 80 PIC (PIC breeding, 3 ~ 5 parities) sows with similar body condition were allocated to four groups (n = 20), receiving diets including fresh corn oil, oxidized corn oil, fresh corn oil plus AOX and oxidized corn oil plus AOX, respectively, from d 85 of gestation to d 21 of lactation. AOX was provided at 200 mg/kg diet and mixed with corn oil prior to dietary formulation. RESULTS The results showed that sows fed oxidized corn oil had significantly lower feed intake (P < 0.05) during lactation period. Feeding oxidized corn oil markedly decreased (P < 0.05) the contents of protein and fat in colostrums and milk, but the addition of AOX in oxidized corn oil prevented the decrease on protein content of colostrums. Moreover, sows fed oxidized corn oil had significantly lower serum activities of total SOD and Mn-SOD across lactation (P < 0.05). In contrast, addition of AOX to oxidized corn oil tended to inhibit the production of MDA (P = 0.08) in sows across lactation relative to fresh oil. Intriguingly, the placental oxidative status was affected by oil quality and AOX supplementation, as indicated by the markedly increased placental gene expression of GPX and SOD (P < 0.05) in sows fed oxidized corn oil but normalized by supplementation of AOX. CONCLUSION In conclusion, feeding oxidized corn oil did not markedly affect reproductive performance in addition to decreasing feed intake during lactation. Milk composition and systemic oxidative status were deteriorated in sows fed oxidized corn oil and partially improved by AOX supplementation. Moreover, placental antioxidant system of sows may have an adaptive response to oxidative stress, but normalized by AOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Su
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Yaan, Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Junmei Zhao
- Novus International, Inc. 20 Research Park Drive, St. Charles, MO 63304 USA
| | - Guangbo Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Yaan, Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Yue Xuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Yaan, Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Yaan, Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Yaan, Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Yaan, Sichuan 625014 China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Yaan, Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Yaan, Sichuan 625014 China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46 Xinkang Road, Yaan, Sichuan 625014 China
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Mthiyane DMN, Mhlanga BS. The nutritive value of marula (Sclerocarya birrea) seed cake for broiler chickens: nutritional composition, performance, carcass characteristics and oxidative and mycotoxin status. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:835-842. [PMID: 28332071 PMCID: PMC5375965 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the nutritive value of marula seed cake (MSC) as an alternative protein source for broilers. In a completely randomised design involving six replicate pens of five chickens assigned to each of five treatments, body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and carcass characteristics were measured in an experiment in which 150 28-day-old broilers were fed maize-based diets containing, respectively, 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% MSC at finisher phase. The results showed MSC to be remarkably high in CP (470.0 g/kg DM) and EE (343.5 g/kg DM), with moderate CF (58.2 g/kg DM), ash (54.3 g/kg DM), Ca (1.1 g/kg DM) and P (11.0 g/kg DM). Whilst very poor in lysine, MSC was found to be rich in methionine, cyst(e)ine, arginine and glutamic acid; it also contains good levels of valine, glycine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine, phenylalanine, serine, proline and alanine. Also, it contained 85.24% oleic (OA), 9.65% palmitic and 5.11% stearic acids, with a high peroxide value and low levels of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin. BWG, FI and FCE of broiler chickens significantly decreased (P < 0.001) as the dietary level of MSC increased. Further, dietary MSC significantly decreased bird live weight at slaughter (P < 0.001), plucked weight (P < 0.001), dressed weight (P < 0.001) and weights of the liver (P < 0.001) and neck (P < 0.05). The results therefore demonstrate MSC to be a good source of CP, fat, Ca, P, amino acids (except lysine) and OA that can replace soya bean meal (SBM) in broiler diets. However, its use is currently limited by lipid peroxidation and presence of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhekumusa Sabelo Mhlanga
- Department of Animal Science, Luyengo Campus, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Swaziland, P.O. Box M205, Luyengo, Swaziland
- Crane Feeds (Pty) Ltd., P.O. Box 1974, Matsapha, Swaziland
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Ravindran V, Tancharoenrat P, Zaefarian F, Ravindran G. Fats in poultry nutrition: Digestive physiology and factors influencing their utilisation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Safety and efficacy of ethoxyquin (6‐ethoxy‐1,2‐dihydro‐2,2,4‐trimethylquinoline) for all animal species. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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21
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Xing B, Wang L, Li Q, Cao Y, Dong X, Liang J, Wu X. Hsp70 plays an important role in high-fat diet induced gestational hyperglycemia in mice. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:649-58. [PMID: 26318018 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has emerged as an epidemic disease during the last decade, affecting about 2 to 5% pregnant women. Even among women who have gestational hyperglycemia may also be positively related to adverse outcomes as GDM. Since heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 has been reported to be associated with diabetes and insulin resistance and its expression was reported to be negatively regulated by the membrane-permeable Hsp70 inhibitor MAL3-101 while positively regulated by the Hsp70 activator BGP-15, we investigated whether Hsp70 played a role in a gestational hyperglycemia mouse model. Mice were divided into non-pregnant and pregnant groups, and each comprised three subgroups: control, high-fat diet (HFD) + MAL3-101, and HFD + BGP-15. We examined the serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, and insulin, as well as conducted thermal detection of brown adipose tissue (BAT). The role of Hsp70 in BAT apoptosis was also investigated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and caspase-3 staining. Higher serum level of Hsp70 was associated with increased bodyweight gain after pregnancy in mice fed HFD. Circulating Hsp70 was elevated in control pregnant mice compared to control non-pregnant mice. BGP-induced serum Hsp70 expression reduced triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels in the serum. Additionally, thermal detection of BAT, TUNEL, and caspase-3 staining revealed relationship correlation between Hsp70 and BAT functions. Hsp70 level is associated with hyperglycemia during pregnancy. Our results support the role of Hsp70 in facilitating BAT activities and protecting BAT cells from apoptosis via caspase-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoheng Xing
- Department of Obstetrics, Cangzhou City Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, China.
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou City People's Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Cangzhou City Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, China
| | - Yalei Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, Cangzhou City Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, China
| | - Xiujuan Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Cangzhou City Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061001, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
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Ehr I, Kerr B, Persia M. Effects of peroxidized corn oil on performance, AMEn, and abdominal fat pad weight in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1629-34. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Tkáčová J, Angelovičová M, Haščík P, Bobko M. Oxidative stability of chicken meat during storage influenced by the feeding of alfalfa meal. POTRAVINARSTVO 2015. [DOI: 10.5219/444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our experiment was to determine the effect of the alfalfa meal component in feed mixtures of Ross broiler chickens on oxidative stability of meat. Proportion of alfalfa meal in feed mixtures was 4 and 6%. The results were compared to the control group without alfalfa meal in feed mixtures. At the end of the experiment (day 38), 6 pcs of broiler chickens from each group with an average live body weight over 1 800 g were randomly selected. The samples for chemical analysis consisted of identical proportion of breast and thigh muscle, and about 1 cm2 of skin with subcutaneous fat. Fat from the meat was obtained after the samples drying. A fat was determined by extraction by means of laboratory instrument Det N Gras Selecta P. The oxidative stability of meat on the basis of acid number of fat was determided by chemical analysis. Chicken meat was stored at -18 °C for 12 months and 18 months. The acid number of fat of stored meat for 12 months was 7.38 mg KOH per g in the control group, 7.42 mg KOH per g in the group with a proportion of 4% alfalfa meal, and 11.18 mg KOH per g in the group with proportion 6% alfalfa meal. An acid number of fat of stored meat for 18 months was 5.90 mg KOH per g in the control group, 4.65 mg KOH per g in the group with a proportion of 4% alfalfa meal, and 7.07 mg KOH per g in the group with a proportion of 6% alfalfa meal. Chicken meat is notably sensitive to lipid oxidation because of its high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Legislation in Title 5 of Part 3 of the Codex Alimentarius of the Slovak Republic and the Government Regulation No. 286/2003 Coll. in the Annex 4 in Part B provide the requirements for animal fats and meat products. Regulation of the European Parliament and Council (EC) No. 853/2004 lays down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin. In particular, determination of free fatty acids content of rendered animal fat (tallow, lard, other animal fat). Legislative regulation does not contain requirements for the quality of chicken meat, the acid number of fat of fresh or frozen chicken meat, respectively. A chicken meat is preferred over other kinds of meat. It is characterized by certain dietary and nutritional properties that consumer prefers. A price of this kind of meat remains attractive. In terms of human health, oxidative stability of chicken meat is important, especially of stored meat. In general terms, the various food additives are currently used to maintain the food stability. Great attention is currently paid to additives of natural origin. Similar focus is presented in our study. We can state, on the basis of the oxidative stability results of chicken meat, that natural feed component has its justification. This issue requires further research.
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Effects of Whole-Grain Paddy Rice on Growth Performance, Oxidative Stress and Morphological Alterations of the Intestine in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Acute and Chronic Heat Stress. J Poult Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0140009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Loetscher Y, Kreuzer M, Messikommer R. Late laying hens deposit dietary antioxidants preferentially in the egg and not in the body. J APPL POULTRY RES 2014. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2014-00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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26
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Lu T, Harper AF, Zhao J, Estienne MJ, Dalloul RA. Supplementing antioxidants to pigs fed diets high in oxidants: I. Effects on growth performance, liver function, and oxidative status. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:5455-63. [PMID: 25367515 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the effects of a dietary antioxidant blend (ethoxyquin and propyl gallate) and vitamin E on growth performance, liver function, and oxidative status in pigs fed diets high in oxidants. Crossbred barrows (n=100, 10.91±0.65 kg BW, 36±2 d of age, Landrace×Duroc) were allotted to 5 treatments on the basis of BW (5 replicate pens per treatment, 4 pigs per pen). Treatments included 1) HO, high-oxidant diet containing 5% oxidized soybean oil and 10% PUFA source (providing 2.05% docosahexaenoic acid in the diet), 2) VE, the HO diet with 11 IU/kg of added vitamin E, 3) AOX, the HO diet with antioxidant blend (135 mg/kg), 4) VE+AOX, the HO diet with both vitamin E and antioxidant blend, and 5) SC, a standard corn-soy control diet. The trial lasted for 118 d; on d 83, the HO diet pigs were switched to the SC diet because the animals were displaying very poor health. Compared with SC pigs, HO pigs had decreased ADG (0.92 vs. 0.51 kg for d 26 to 55, 1.29 vs. 0.34 kg for d 56 to 82; P<0.05) and ADFI (1.84 vs. 0.96 kg for d 26 to 55, 3.41 vs. 1.14 kg for d 56 to 82; P<0.05). However, switching the HO pigs to the SC diet resulted in HO pigs having a greater ADG than VE-fed pigs from d 83 to 118 (0.90 vs. 0.60 kg; P<0.05). The antioxidant blend restored pig performance to a level similar that of pigs fed the SC diet (P>0.05) with greater G:F for the entire period (0.44 vs. 0.38; P<0.05). A greater liver to BW ratio was found in HO compared with other treatments on d 55 and in VE on d 118. Total bilirubin concentration in plasma of HO pigs on d 55 was greater than that in VE+AOX pigs (P<0.05), whereas on d 118, bilirubin concentration in VE was higher than those in VE+AOX and SC (P<0.05). A similar trend was observed in aspartate transaminase. Plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and carbonyl were elevated (P<0.05) in the HO pigs compared with the SC pigs on d 55 but not on d 118. Liver TBARS and carbonyl concentrations showed a similar trend, except that HO pigs had the greatest carbonyl concentration on d 118. Pigs fed AOX diets had plasma and liver TBARS and carbonyl concentrations similar to those fed SC diets. In the oxidative stress model used in this study, dietary addition of antioxidant blend or antioxidant blend+vitaimin E was effective in improving growth, liver function, and plasma markers of oxidative stress, but VE alone was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - A F Harper
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - J Zhao
- Novus International Inc., St. Charles, MO 63304
| | - M J Estienne
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - R A Dalloul
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061
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Liu P, Kerr BJ, Weber TE, Chen C, Johnston LJ, Shurson GC. Influence of thermally oxidized vegetable oils and animal fats on intestinal barrier function and immune variables in young pigs1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2971-9. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - B. J. Kerr
- USDA-ARS-National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011
| | - T. E. Weber
- USDA-ARS-National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011
| | - C. Chen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - L. J. Johnston
- West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris 56267
| | - G. C. Shurson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
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28
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Liu P, Chen C, Kerr BJ, Weber TE, Johnston LJ, Shurson GC. Influence of thermally oxidized vegetable oils and animal fats on growth performance, liver gene expression, and liver and serum cholesterol and triglycerides in young pigs1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2960-70. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Liu
- University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - C. Chen
- University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - B. J. Kerr
- USDA-ARS-National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011
| | - T. E. Weber
- USDA-ARS-National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011
| | - L. J. Johnston
- West Central Research and Outreach Center, Morris, MN 56267
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Lu T, Harper AF, Zhao J, Dalloul RA. Effects of a dietary antioxidant blend and vitamin E on growth performance, oxidative status, and meat quality in broiler chickens fed a diet high in oxidants. Poult Sci 2014; 93:1649-57. [PMID: 24864296 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of a dietary antioxidant blend (AB) and vitamin E on performance, oxidative status, and meat quality. Cobb 500 male broilers (n = 1,200, d 0) were randomly distributed into 6 treatments with 10 replicate pens. Treatments included 1) HO: high oxidant diet, vitamin E at 10 IU/kg, 3% oxidized soybean oil, 3% polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) source; 2) VE: the HO diet with vitamin E at 200 IU/kg; 3) AOX: the HO diet with AB at 135 mg/kg; 4) VE+AOX: the HO diet with vitamin E at 200 IU/kg and AB at 135 mg/kg; 5) SC: standard control; and 6) PC: positive control, the SC diet with AB at 135 mg/kg. From d 0 through d 21, high oxidant diet treatment birds had greater BW, ADG, and ADFI than the SC birds; the AOX birds had better G:F on d 10 and 42, and from d 0 to 42 than SC birds (P < 0.05). The plasma TBA reactive substance level was lower in the AOX birds than the VE treatment birds in all phases (P < 0.05). High oxidant diet treatment birds had greater α-1-acid glycoprotein levels on d 10 than SC and PC birds (P < 0.05). The AOX, PC, and SC birds had a greater level of uric acid than the HO and VE+AOX birds on d 10. Superoxide dismutase expression in the liver was less with the HO treatment compared with the SC treatment on d 7 (P < 0.05). The vitamin E concentration in the breast muscle was greatest in the VE birds, whereas vitamin A concentration was greater in the PC birds compared with the SC birds on d 21 (P < 0.05). Compared with VE and AOX, the HO treatment had greater drip loss (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary addition of AOX was effective in improving growth, moderately restored the whole body antioxidant capability, and reduced drip loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | - A F Harper
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | - J Zhao
- Novus International Inc., St. Charles, MO 63304
| | - R A Dalloul
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
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Mendoza SM, van Heugten E. Effects of dietary lipid sources on performance and apparent total tract digestibility of lipids and energy when fed to nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:627-36. [PMID: 24398841 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidulated fats and oils are by-products of the fat-refining industry. They contain high levels of FFA and are 10% to 20% less expensive than refined fats and oils. Two studies were designed to measure the effects of dietary lipid sources low or high in FFA on growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of lipids and GE in nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, 189 pigs at 14 d postweaning (BW of 9.32 ± 0.11 kg) were used for 21 d with 9 replicate pens per treatment and 3 pigs per pen. Dietary treatments consisted of a control diet without added lipids and 6 diets with 6% inclusion of lipids. Four lipid sources were combined to create the dietary treatments with 2 levels of FFA (0.40% or 54.0%) and 3 degrees of fat saturation (iodine value [IV] = 77, 100, or 123) in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Lipid sources were soybean oil (0.3% FFA and IV = 129.4), soybean-cottonseed acid oil blend (70.5% FFA and IV = 112.9), choice white grease (0.6% FFA and IV = 74.8), and choice white acid grease (56.0% FFA and IV = 79.0). Addition of lipid sources decreased ADFI (810 vs. 872 g/d; P = 0.018) and improved G:F (716 vs. 646 g/kg; P < 0.001). Diets high in FFA tended (P = 0.08) to improve final BW (21.35 vs. 21.01 kg) and ADG (576 vs. 560 g/d). Lipid-supplemented diets had greater ATTD of lipids than control diets (67.4% vs. 29.7%; P < 0.001). Apparent total tract digestibility of lipids was greater in diets with low FFA (69.9% vs. 64.9%; P < 0.001) and decreased linearly with increasing IV (73.2%, 69.1%, and 67.2%). For GE, ATTD was greater in diets with low FFA (83.1% vs. 80.9%; P = 0.001). In Exp. 2, 252 pigs at 7 d postweaning (BW of 7.0 ± 0.2 kg) were used for 28 d with 9 replicate pens per treatment and 4 pigs per pen. Diets included a control diet without added lipids and 6 treatments with 2.5%, 5.0%, or 7.5% of lipids from either poultry fat (1.9% FFA) or acidulated poultry fat (37.8% FFA) in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Addition of lipids increased (P < 0.001) final BW (19.9 vs. 18.4 kg) and ADG (460 vs. 405 g/d) regardless of source. Fat increased (P < 0.001) ADFI when added at 2.5% and then decreased ADFI with each further increment (663, 740, 681, and 653 g for 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% fat, respectively). Inclusion of lipids linearly (P < 0.001) improved G:F (615, 615, 688, and 692 g/kg for 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% fat, respectively) and ATTD of lipids (17.8%, 50.2%, 71.0%, and 77.3% for 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% fat, respectively) and GE (76.1%, 76.4%, 83.3%, and 84.4% for 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% fat, respectively). Acidulated lipids resulted in similar performance compared with refined lipids and could be economical alternatives to more expensive lipid sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Mendoza
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
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da Rocha C, Maiorka A, de Paula Valle F, Gonsales Schramm V, Angeli A, Fischer da Silva A. The effect of soybean oil quality and vitamin E supplementation on turkey diet nutrition. J APPL POULTRY RES 2012. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2011-00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Casado C, Moya VJ, Pascual JJ, Blas E, Cervera C. Effect of oxidation state of dietary sunflower oil and dietary zinc and α -tocopheryl acetate supplementation on performance of fattening rabbits. WORLD RABBIT SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2011.940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Tavárez MA, Boler DD, Bess KN, Zhao J, Yan F, Dilger AC, McKeith FK, Killefer J. Effect of antioxidant inclusion and oil quality on broiler performance, meat quality, and lipid oxidation. Poult Sci 2011; 90:922-30. [PMID: 21406381 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of antioxidant inclusion and oil quality on broiler performance, meat quality, shelf life, and tissue oxidative status. Ross 308 male broilers were allotted to a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factors consisted of antioxidant (ethoxyquin and propyl gallate) inclusion at 2 levels (0 or 135 mg/kg) and oil quality (fresh soybean oil, control diet peroxide value <1 mEq/kg, or oxidized soybean oil, diet peroxide value 7 mEq/kg). Each treatment included 12 pen replicates comprising 24 birds for a total of 1,152 birds on trial allotted to 48 pens. On the final day of the study, 1 bird from each pen was killed by cervical dislocation and used for determination of tissue oxidative status. Another 5 broilers from each pen were processed at a commercial slaughtering facility. Immediately after processing, carcasses were transported to the University of Illinois Meat Science Laboratory (Urbana) for further analysis. With the exception of 2 responses (liver vitamin A and serum vitamin A), no interactions were found between antioxidant inclusion and oil quality. Body weight and weight gain were increased by dietary antioxidant inclusion (P < 0.001) and fresh oil (P < 0.001). Feed intake was increased in broilers fed the antioxidant (P = 0.047) and fresh oil (P = 0.062). Antioxidant inclusion had no effect on G:F (P = 0.18). Antioxidant supplementation had no effect on carcass weight (P = 0.202), dressing percentage (P = 0.906), breast yield (P = 0.708), or breast ultimate pH (P = 0.625) and had minimal effect on breast color. Antioxidant supplementation (P = 0.057) reduced breast thiobarbituric acid reactive substances after 7 d of display. Fresh oil decreased liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, whereas antioxidant inclusion increased serum and liver vitamin A and E concentration. The presence of an antioxidant in the feed protects lipids from further oxidizing, therefore increasing broiler performance and improving shelf life when using oxidized oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Tavárez
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801
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Açıkgöz Z, Bayraktar H, Altan O, Akhisaroglu ST, Kırkpınar F, Altun Z. The effects of moderately oxidised dietary oil with or without vitamin E supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, some blood traits, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence of male broilers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:1277-1282. [PMID: 21337576 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of oxidised oil with or without vitamin E on performance, nutrient digestibility, some blood traits, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence system of male broilers. RESULTS The supplementation of oxidised oil with or without vitamin E to the grower diets did not significantly affect performance, the pH and viscosity values of excreta and nutrient digestibilities in male broilers. Oxidised oil supplementation slightly increased plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations but did not alter plasma glucose concentration. Although malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide concentrations tended to be higher in the oxidised oil group, these increases were not significant. Birds fed the diet containing oxidised oil had significantly lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. However, no differences were observed in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and uric acid concentrations of broilers fed oxidised oil as compared to the control group. Dietary vitamin E supplementation decreased MDA concentration whereas increasing SOD activity, suggesting that vitamin E supplementation reduced susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSION The results showed that a milder oxidative stress occurred by supplementation of moderately oxidised oil to the diet of broilers and vitamin E supplementation had been helpful in alleviating lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zümrüt Açıkgöz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Blas E, Cervera C, Rodenas L, Martínez E, Pascual J. The use of recycled oils from the food industry in growing rabbit feeds in substitution of fresh oil does not affect performance. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Upton J, Edens F, Ferket P. The effects of dietary oxidized fat and selenium source on performance, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity in broiler chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2009. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2008-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Vázquez-Añón M, Nocek J, Bowman G, Hampton T, Atwell C, Vázquez P, Jenkins T. Effects of Feeding a Dietary Antioxidant in Diets with Oxidized Fat on Lactation Performance and Antioxidant Status of the Cow. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:3165-72. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Racanicci AMC, Menten JFM, Regitano-d'Arce MAB, Torres EAFS, Pino LM, Pedroso AA. Dietary oxidized poultry offal fat: broiler performance and oxidative stability of thigh meat during chilled storage. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2008000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vázquez-Añón M, Jenkins T. Effects of Feeding Oxidized Fat With or Without Dietary Antioxidants on Nutrient Digestibility, Microbial Nitrogen, and Fatty Acid Metabolism. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:4361-7. [PMID: 17699057 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2006-858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A dual-effluent continuous culture system was used to investigate, in a 2 x 2 factorial design, the effect of feeding a fresh (FF) or oxidized (OF) blend of unsaturated fats (33% fish oil, 33% corn oil, 26% soybean oil, and 7% inedible tallow) when supplemented with a blend of antioxidants (AO; Agrado Plus, Novus International Inc.; Agrado Plus is a trademark of Novus International Inc. and is registered in the United States and other countries) on nutrient digestibility, bacterial protein synthesis, and fatty acid metabolism. Twice a day for 10 d, 12 fermenters were fed a diet that consisted of 52% forage and 48% grain mixture that contained 3% (dry matter basis) FF or OF, with or without AO. The OF contained a higher concentration of peroxides (215 vs. 3.5 mEq/kg), and a lower concentration of unsaturated fatty acids than the FF. Feeding OF reduced nitrogen digestibility, microbial nitrogen yield, and efficiency (expressed as kilograms of dry matter digested) and increased the outflow of saturated fatty acids in the effluent when compared with feeding FF. Adding AO improved total carbohydrate, neutral, and acid detergent fiber digestibilities and the amount of digested feed nitrogen converted to microbial nitrogen across the types of fats. From this study, we concluded that feeding OF reduced microbial nitrogen and increased the outflow of saturated fatty acids. Feeding AO improved fiber digestibility by rumen microorganisms, regardless of the type of fat.
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DeRouchey JM, Hancock JD, Hines RH, Maloney CA, Lee DJ, Cao H, Dean DW, Park JS. Effects of rancidity and free fatty acids in choice white grease on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weanling pigs1. J Anim Sci 2004; 82:2937-44. [PMID: 15484945 DOI: 10.2527/2004.82102937x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of rancidity and FFA in choice white grease (CWG) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in nursery pigs. In Exp. 1,150 crossbred pigs (average initial BW of 6.8 kg and average initial age of 21 d) were used. Treatments (as-fed basis) were a corn-soybean meal-based control with no added fat, 6% CWG, and 6% CWG heated at 80 degrees C, with oxygen gas bubbled through it at 849 mL/min for 5, 7, 9, or 11 d. Peroxide value for the CWG increased as oxidative exposure was increased from 0 to 7 d (i.e., peroxide values of 1, 40, and 105 mEq/kg for d 0, 5, and 7, respectively), but decreased to 1 mEq/kg as the hydroperoxides decomposed after 9 and 11 d of oxidation. Pigs fed the control diet (no added fat) had the same (P = 0.91) overall ADG (d 0 to 35) but lower G:F (P < 0.04) than pigs fed diets with added fat. As for the effects of fat quality, ADG (linear effect, P < 0.01) and ADFI (linear effect, P < 0.001) decreased as the fat was made more rancid. However, there were no changes in digestibility of fatty acids as the rancidity of the fat was increased (P = 0.16), suggesting that the negative effects of rancidity were from decreased food intake and not decreased nutrient utilization. In Exp. 2, 125 crossbred pigs (average initial BW of 6.2 kg and average initial age of 21 d) were used to determine the effects of FFA in CWG on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility in nursery pigs. Treatments (as-fed basis) were a corn-soybean meal-based control with no added fat, 6% CWG, and 6% CWG that had been treated with 872, 1,752 or 2,248 lipase units/g of fat. The FFA concentrations in the CWG were increased from 2% with no lipase added to 18, 35, and 53% as lipase additions were increased. Pigs fed the control diet (no added fat) had the same (P = 0.30) overall ADG (d 0 to 33) but lower G:F (P < 0.01) than pigs fed diets with added fat. There were no effects of FFA concentration on ADG (P = 0.18), and ADFI increased (linear effect, P < 0.04) as FFA concentration in the CWG increased. Fatty acid digestibility was not affected (P = 0.17) by FFA in the diet. In conclusion, our data suggest that as fat is oxidized (especially to peroxide values greater than 40 mEq/kg), ADG and ADFI in nursery pigs will decrease; however, FFA concentrations of at least 53% do not adversely affect utilization of CWG in nursery pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M DeRouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201, USA
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Shivaprasad HL, Crespo R, Puschner B, Lynch S, Wright L. Myopathy in brown pelicans (Pelicanus occidentalis) associated with rancid feed. Vet Rec 2002; 150:307-11. [PMID: 11913585 DOI: 10.1136/vr.150.10.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Three adult brown pelicans (Pelicanus occidentalis) were observed to be weak, anorexic and unresponsive to antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamins including vitamin E, and steroids. Blood chemistry revealed high activities of aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. Radiographs of the birds' leg muscles revealed multiple opacities suggestive of calcification; the gross lesions included white streaks in the leg, wing, and heart muscles, and the microscopical lesions consisted of various degrees of degeneration and necrosis characterised by eosinophilia, variations in fibre size, loss of striations, myolysis, mineralisation, and proliferation of mononuclear cells in the skeletal muscles and the myocardium. The levels of heavy metals, selenium and vitamin E in the birds' livers were not abnormal. The level of peroxide in their diet of capelin fish was high, 69 meq/kg, (normal <20 meq/kg) consistent with rancid feed, and the level of vitamin E was very low, 0.5 iu/kg (normal 20 to 30 iu/kg). It was concluded that the myopathy was probably caused by vitamin E deficiency due to feeding the pelicans a rancid diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Shivaprasad
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Fresno 93725, USA
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Middleton TF, Ferket PR, Boyd LC. The effect of ethoxyquin on the quality of ground poultry mortality carcasses preserved by lactic acid fermentation and phosphoric acid stabilization. Poult Sci 2001; 80:1154-63. [PMID: 11495468 DOI: 10.1093/ps/80.8.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation and acidification have been shown to preserve the protein quality of ground poultry coproducts, but the effects of these processes on their lipid stability are unknown, especially in the presence of an antioxidant. To evaluate the effects of these treatments on lipid quality, ground poultry mortality carcasses, with and without an addition of 500 ppm ethoxyquin, were stabilized for 14 and 45 d by lactic acid fermentation or acidification with 2.76, 5.07, 7.35, or 9.65% feed-grade H3PO4. Ethoxyquin treatment significantly (P < 0.001) improved the oxidative stability of lipids from all storage treatments. However, the addition of ethoxyquin increased (P < 0.001) the levels of volatile N (VN) from 2.51 to 3.18% in products stored for 45 d and resulted in an increase (P < 0.001) in free fatty acids in all ensiled products. Ethoxyquin addition had no effect (P > 0.120) on the fatty acid profile of products stored for 14 d but significantly increased (P < 0.001) the levels of stearic (C18:0) and arachidonic acids (C20:4) in products stored for 45 d. In this experiment, the addition of ethoxyquin to preservation systems for the short-term storage of poultry mortality carcasses improved the lipid quality of the ground material without compromising the protein quality or affecting proximate analysis parameters. However, the increased oxidative stability of mortality silage materials that contain ethoxyquin may contribute to enhanced microbial or enzymatic activities that result in proteolytic or lypolytic breakdown products following longer periods of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Middleton
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7608, USA
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Racanicci AMC, Menten JFM, Iafigliola MC, Gaiotto JB, Pedroso AA. Efeito da Adição do Antioxidante BHT e do Armazenamento Sobre a Qualidade da Farinha de Carne e Ossos Para Frangos de Corte. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2000. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2000000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Este estudo foi desenvolvido com a finalidade monitorar a qualidade da farinha de carne e ossos (FCO), durante o armazenamento prolongado (10 semanas), e avaliar os efeitos da adição do BHT (500mg/kg) a esta farinha. Um lote fresco de FCO (41,12% PB e 9,14% EE) foi dividido em seis partes iguais, sendo uma não tratada (CONTROLE) e as demais tratadas com BHT em diferentes tempos de armazenamento (nos dias 0, 7, 14, 21 e 28: BHT/0, BHT/7, BHT/14, BHT/21 e BHT/28, respectivamente). As FCO foram armazenadas em ambiente diariamente monitorado e sua qualidade foi avaliada por amostragens semanais, com determinação do índice de peróxidos, cujo nível máximo obtido foi de aproximadamente 80meq/kg (CONTROLE). A partir da 4ª semana de armazenamento, foi conduzido um experimento com frangos de corte alimentados por 42 dias com rações à base de milho e farelo de soja, contendo cerca de 4% das FCO armazenadas. Foram utilizados 1.440 pintos de um dia, machos, distribuídos num delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 6 tratamentos e 6 repetições. Os resultados médios obtidos para peso vivo, ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, mortalidade e refugagem e fator de produção foram submetidos à análise da variância e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas ao CONTROLE através do teste de Dunnett. As variáveis estudadas, em geral, não foram afetadas pelos tratamentos (p>0,05), indicando que, neste estudo, o uso da FCO oxidada ou das FCO protegidas pelo BHT, não influenciaram o desempenho das aves.
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Abstract
The pathogenesis of digestive disease in poultry involves the cellular events and reactions that result in a deviation from normal structure and function. To a degree, the differentiation of disease and normal in commercial poultry also involves an economic perspective. Factors external to the digestive tract may mimic digestive disease, including reductions in the density of various nutrients and feed refusal. Antinutritional factors, such as certain storage polysaccharides and proteins, are inaccessible to endogenous enzymes and are either indigestible or act as blockers of the digestion of other nutrients. Changes in digestive secretions that result in either excess or deficiency also influence digestive structure and function. Infectious agents and toxins that cause degeneration and necrosis are especially injurious because a series of critical repair events must occur in order to regain function. The consequences range from lethal injury of the host animal to diminished performance. The digestive tract has a large component of lymphoid tissue and impairment of the immune system influences the course of protozoan, bacterial and viral enteric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Hoerr
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama 36830, USA.
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Wang SY, Bottje W, Maynard P, Dibner J, Shermer W. Effect of Santoquin and oxidized fat on liver and intestinal glutathione in broilers. Poult Sci 1997; 76:961-7. [PMID: 9200231 DOI: 10.1093/ps/76.7.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to determine effects of Santoquin (ethoxyquin) and oxidized fat on liver and intestinal reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, and pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) mortality. Male broilers were randomly assigned in a 2 x 2 factorial consisting of 3.5% normal (NF) or oxidized (OxF) fat with or without ethoxyquin (E). Body weights and feed intake were monitored weekly, and tissues obtained at 3 and 7 wk for GSH and GSSG analysis. Compared to the NF group, NF/E gained more weight during the starter (0 to 3 wk), but not the grower (4 to 7 wk) period. Birds fed NF/E or NF exhibited greater feed efficiency in the starter period and greater gains during the starter and grower periods than birds fed OxF or OxF/E. No differences in PHS mortality between treatments were observed. Birds fed OxF exhibited lower liver GSSG at 3 wk than the other groups, but there were no differences in liver GSH. Duodenal GSH was higher in birds fed OxF/E than in birds of NF group at 3 and 7 wk. Ileal GSH was higher at 3 wk in OxF/E birds than in OxF birds, but no differences were observed at 7 wk. All tissues exhibited higher GSH levels at 7 wk than at 3 wk. Birds fed ethoxyquin, regardless of fat source, exhibited higher duodenal GSH at 3 and 7 wk and higher ileal GSH at 3 wk than birds that did not receive ethoxyquin. Higher GSH would be beneficial by enhancing protection of intestinal cells to deleterious effects of toxins or other forms of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Wang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
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Ohshima M, Layug DV, Yokota HO, Ostrowski-Meissner HT. Effect of graded levels of ethoxyquin in alfalfa leaf extracts on carotenoid and cholesterol concentrations in chicks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(96)00969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dibner J, Atwell C, Kitchell M, Shermer W, Ivey F. Feeding of oxidized fats to broilers and swine: effects on enterocyte turnover, hepatocyte proliferation and the gut associated lymphoid tissue. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(96)01000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dibner J, Kitchell M, Atwell C, Ivey F. The Effect of Dietary Ingredients and Age on the Microscopic Structure of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Poultry. J APPL POULTRY RES 1996. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/5.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lauridsen C, Jakobsen K, Hansen TK. The influence of dietary ethoxyquin on the vitamin E status in broilers. ARCHIV FUR TIERERNAHRUNG 1995; 47:245-54. [PMID: 7668984 DOI: 10.1080/17450399509381809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In a feeding experiment with 48 male broiler chickens was the effect of dietary ethoxyquin and dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate on vitamin E status of chickens investigated. The experimental diets were offered the chickens from the first day of age until the end of the experiment at 42 days. Chickens were fed on diets containing 0, 75, or 150 mg ethoxyquin/kg feed, with (30 mg/kg feed) or without added dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate. The concentration of alpha-tocopherol in plasma of chickens on dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate supplemented diets were significantly higher than those of chickens fed on the nonsupplemented diets. Supplementation with alpha-tocopherol acetate reduced the haemolysis in vitro. Ethoxyquin seemed to have an increasing effect on the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in plasma, but not in the liver. Addition of ethoxyquin to diets without dl-tocopherol acetate reduced the concentration of gamma-tocopherol in plasma. Significant interactions between the addition of ethoxyquin and the addition of dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate to the feed were observed on the haemolysis in vitro and the activity of glutathione peroxidase in plasma. The results indicate that incorporation of ethoxyquin in the diets of chickens exert an improving effect on the vitamin E status of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lauridsen
- National Institute of Animal Science, Department for Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Tjele, Denmark
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Lauridsen C, Jakobsen K, Jensen JF. Comparative studies on the effect of butylhydroxytoluene and ethoxyquin on the antioxidative and oxidative balance in broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 1994. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1994.tb00367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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