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Singh M, Lim AJ, Muir WI, Groves PJ. Comparison of performance and carcass composition of a novel slow-growing crossbred broiler with fast-growing broiler for chicken meat in Australia. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100966. [PMID: 33652532 PMCID: PMC7936175 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow-growing broilers offer differentiation in the chicken meat market for consumers who have distinct preferences based on perceived higher welfare indices and willingness to pay a higher price for the product. Although breeding for slow-growing broilers is relatively advanced in Europe and the United States, it is limited in Australia. Crossbreeding is one of the approaches taken to developing slow-growing broiler strains. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare performance, immune response, leg health, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of a novel crossbred slow-growing broiler breed (SGB) with the conventional, fast-growing Cobb 500 broiler (CB) to assess their suitability as an alternative for chicken meat production in Australia. A total of 236 one-day-old broiler chicks (116 SGB and 120 fast-growing CB) were reared on standard commercial diet in an intensive production system. Birds and feed were weighed on a weekly basis and feed intake and feed conversion ratio calculated. At 21 d of age, a 2% suspension of sheep red blood cells was injected subcutaneously into 8 broilers of each breed to compare their antibody response. Birds from both breeds were grown to a final live weight of 2.0–2.2 kg, before a latency-to-lie (LTL) test, carcass analysis and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) assay were performed. The SGB reached the target weight at 55 d of age compared with 32 d in CB. However, SGB stood for longer during LTL, had higher thigh, drumstick, and wing yields (as a percentage of carcass weight) as well as darker and redder meat in comparison with the CB. The CB had better feed conversion efficiency, higher antibody (IgM) production, higher AME, heavier breast yield, and lower meat drip loss than the SGB. Although fast-growing CB outperformed the SGB for traditional performance parameters, the crossbred in this study was comparable with other slow-growing broiler breeds and strains across different countries and is thus a suitable candidate for a slow-growing alternative in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Singh
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
| | - A J Lim
- School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - W I Muir
- School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - P J Groves
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; Birling Avian Laboratories, Bringelly, NSW 2556, Australia
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2
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IMMUNOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF CAPTIVE GREEN SEA TURTLE (CHELONIA MYDAS) WITH ULCERATIVE DERMATITIS. J Zoo Wildl Med 2013; 44:837-44. [DOI: 10.1638/2010-0228r4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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3
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Parmentier HK, Verhofstad LPM, Reilingh GDV, Nieuwland MGB. Breeding for high specific immune reactivity affects sensitivity to the environment. Poult Sci 2013; 91:3044-51. [PMID: 23155011 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are present in high levels in the air of chicken houses and likely have immune-modulating effects. In this study, layers from the 30th generation of a divergent selection experiment for humoral immune reactivity to subcutaneously administered sheep red blood cells were concurrently intratracheally challenged with human serum albumin (HuSA) and LPS at 7 and 12 wk of age following a crossing over design. Chickens selected for high humoral immune reactivity (H line) showed higher specific antibody responses to intratracheally administered HuSA and a higher level of natural antibody binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin compared with chickens genetically selected for low humoral immune reactivity (L line), and were also more sensitive to immune modulation by LPS at 7 wk of age. Body weight gain was negatively affected by LPS at 7 wk of age in the L line, but after 12 wk of age in the H line. Egg production was lower and delayed in the H line. We conclude that these chicken selection lines differ in sensitivity to the environment (LPS), and consequently may therefore also react differently to infection, vaccinations, and other immune responses. In addition, selection for immune responsiveness affected growth and egg lay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk K Parmentier
- Section of Immunology, Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul K. Boughton
- Avian Ecology, Archbold Biological Station, 123 Main Drive, Venus, Florida, USA
| | - Gerrit Joop
- Institute of Integrative Biology,
Experimental Ecology, ETH Zürich, CH‐8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie A.O. Armitage
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Hüfferstrasse 1, D‐48149 Münster, Germany
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5
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Ahmed KA, Saxena VK, Ara A, Singh KB, Sundaresan NR, Saxena M, Rasool TJ. Immune response to Newcastle disease virus in chicken lines divergently selected for cutaneous hypersensitivity. Int J Immunogenet 2007; 34:445-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Singh NS, Kumar S. Influence of Selection for High Humoral Immunity on Selected and Unselected Traits in Black Variety of Turkey. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2007.9706864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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7
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Møller AP, Nielsen JT, Erritzøe J. Losing the last feather: feather loss as an antipredator adaptation in birds. Behav Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arl044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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8
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Hangalapura BN, Kaiser MG, Poel JJVD, Parmentier HK, Lamont SJ. Cold stress equally enhances in vivo pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in chicken lines divergently selected for antibody responses. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 30:503-11. [PMID: 16150487 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2005.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Accepted: 07/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cold stress, immunization and genetic selection on the expression of mRNA for cytokine genes in poultry have not been completely elucidated. Therefore, in the present experiment, using real-time quantitative RT-PCR, we evaluated the effect of cold stress and immunization with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) on expression of mRNA for pro-inflammatory (interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], IL-6, IL-12beta), Th(1) (IFN-gamma and IL-2), and Th(2) (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine genes in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of chicken lines divergently selected for either high or low antibody responses. Irrespective of the duration, cold stress enhanced expression of mRNA for IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12beta and IL-4 cytokine genes in both selection lines. These results indicate that cold stress stimulates both the innate and parts of the adaptive cellular immune system. Immunization with CFA resulted in higher expression of mRNA for pro-inflammatory cytokines and lower expression of mRNA for both Th(1) and Th(2) cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavarajappa N Hangalapura
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6709 PG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Sundaresan NR, Ahmed KA, Saxena VK, Sastry KVH, Saxena M, Pramod AB, Nath M, Singh KB, Rasool TJ, DevRoy AK, Singh RV. Differential expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cytokine mRNA in chicken lines divergent for cutaneous hypersensitivity response. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 108:373-85. [PMID: 16099515 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Revised: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 06/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity is an immunocompetent trait considered an indicator of cell-mediated immune or T-cell responses. Divergent selection was performed to generate high and low lines for response to PHA-P. Extreme-responder birds of the F2 generation in each line were used to study possible differences in macrophage activity and the associated functional genes. To evaluate macrophage activity, nitric oxide (NO) was estimated both systemically in serum and in in vitro monocyte culture. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the differential mRNA expression patterns of iNOS and MIP-1beta in monocyte culture, whereas T(H)1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) were studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at different time intervals after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction. The high line showed strong systemic, as well as in vitro NO production, compared to the low line, upon stimulation with NDV and LPS, similar to early and high iNOS mRNA expression. Following the pattern of iNOS gene expression, an early strong expression of cytokines with powerful iNOS-inducing action, such as IFN-gamma and the chemokine MIP-1beta, was observed in the high line. In contrast, for response to PHA-P, low expression of IL-2 was observed in the high compared to the low line. In conclusion, the study revealed that divergent selection for response to PHA-P resulted in a divergent effect on T(H)1 cell activity, resulting in altered macrophage function in chickens. Selection, based on response to PHA-P, could lead to more resistant birds or birds with an enhanced immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Sundaresan
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, Bareilly, India
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Marzal A, de Lope F, Navarro C, Møller AP. Malarial parasites decrease reproductive success: an experimental study in a passerine bird. Oecologia 2004; 142:541-5. [PMID: 15688214 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2004] [Accepted: 10/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Malarial parasites are supposed to have strong negative fitness consequences for their hosts, but relatively little evidence supports this claim due to the difficulty of experimentally testing this. We experimentally reduced levels of infection with the blood parasite Haemoproteus prognei in its host the house martin Delichon urbica, by randomly treating adults with primaquine or a control treatment. Treated birds had significantly fewer parasites than controls. The primaquine treatment increased clutch size by 18%; hatching was 39% higher and fledging 42% higher. There were no effects of treatment on quality of offspring, measured in terms of tarsus length, body mass, haematocrit or T-cell-mediated immune response. These findings demonstrate that malarial parasites can have dramatic effects on clutch size and other demographic variables, potentially influencing the evolution of clutch size, but also the population dynamics of heavily infected populations of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Marzal
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
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11
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MØLLER ANDERSPAPE, CASSEY PHILLIP. On the relationship between T‐cell mediated immunity in bird species and the establishment success of introduced populations. J Anim Ecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ANDERS PAPE MØLLER
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Evolutive, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - PHILLIP CASSEY
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Laboratoire d’Ecologie, Paris, France
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12
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Møller AP, Rózsa L. Parasite biodiversity and host defenses: chewing lice and immune response of their avian hosts. Oecologia 2004; 142:169-76. [PMID: 15503162 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 09/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Antagonistic host-parasite interactions lead to coevolution of host defenses and parasite virulence. Such adaptation by parasites to host defenses may occur to the detriment of the ability of parasites to exploit alternative hosts, causing parasite specialization and speciation. We investigated the relationship between level of anti-parasite defense in hosts and taxonomic richness of two chewing louse suborders (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) on birds. While Amblyceran lice tend to occur in contact with host skin, feed on host skin and chew emerging tips of developing feathers to obtain blood, Ischnoceran lice live on feathers and feed on the non-living keratin of feather barbules. We hypothesized that Amblyceran abundance and richness would have evolved in response to interaction with the immune system of the host, while Ischnoceran taxonomic richness would have evolved independently of immunological constraints. In an interspecific comparison, the abundance of Ischnocerans was positively related to host body size, while host body mass and Ischnoceran taxonomic richness accounted for the abundance of Amblycerans. Amblyceran taxonomic richness was predicted by the intensity of T-cell mediated immune response of nestling hosts, while the T-cell response of adults had no significant effect. In contrast, Ischnoceran taxonomic richness was not predicted by host T-cell responses. These results suggest that the taxonomic richness of different parasite taxa is influenced by different host defenses, and they are consistent with the hypothesis that increasing host allocation to immune defense increases Amblyceran biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Pape Møller
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Evolutive, CNRS UMR 7103, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Bât. A, 7ème étage, 7 quai St. Bernard, Case 237, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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13
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Morales J, Moreno J, Merino S, Tomás G, Martínez J, Garamszegi LZ. Associations between immune parameters, parasitism, and stress in breeding pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) females. CAN J ZOOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1139/z04-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There are two major interpretations of serum IgY concentration in wild birds. On the one hand, it has been considered an indication of susceptibility to stress and parasite infection. Therefore, immunoglobulin concentration is expected to change in response to variation in these factors owing to reproductive activities. On the other hand, it has been considered a measure of immune capacity. We measured the IgY level and the lymphocyte proportion at the beginning of incubation and at the end of the nestling period in female pied flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca (Pallas, 1764). We assessed the immune response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) at the latter stage. We found that the total IgY level remained constant throughout the season. Initially, it was positively associated with the PHA response, lymphocyte proportion, intensity of infection by Haemoproteus spp., and concentration of stress protein HSP70 in peripheral blood. These variables explained nearly 80% of the variation in IgY concentration. In the final phase, only the PHA response was correlated with the IgY level. We discuss the hypothetical mechanisms underlying these associations and the need to control for parasite infection and physiological stress in ecological studies including measurements of immunoglobulin concentration.
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14
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Westneat DF, Weiskittle J, Edenfield R, Kinnard TB, Poston JP. Correlates of cell-mediated immunity in nestling house sparrows. Oecologia 2004; 141:17-23. [PMID: 15309608 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity is an important vertebrate defense against pathogens, but components of this response may vary in quality. Such variation could arise through the effects of ecology on optimal immunocompetence. We used injections of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) to measure the factors influencing T-cell proliferation in nestling house sparrows ( Passer domesticus). Bivariate analyses revealed positive associations with nestling mass and size, but no effect of ectoparasites. The response to PHA was, however, strongly affected by brood identity. A mixed model with brood identity as a random factor and nestling mass, size, number of ectoparasites, parental feeding rate, clutch size, brood size at hatching, and date uncovered significant positive correlations between PHA response and both nestling mass and the brood size at hatching. Because many of these variables are related hierarchically, we used path analysis to explore the relationships in more detail. We found that a nestling immune response was affected by several indirect paths. Brood size at hatch had both positive and negative paths, and date in the season had several indirect negative effects through its effect on brood size and nestling mass. The approach used and the results obtained offer some new ideas for incorporating immune responses into life history theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Westneat
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, 101 Morgan Building, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA.
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15
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Parmentier HK, Baelmans R, Savelkoul HFJ, Dorny P, Demey F, Berkvens D. Serum haemolytic complement activities in 11 different MHC (B) typed chicken lines. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2004; 100:25-32. [PMID: 15182993 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2003] [Revised: 02/10/2004] [Accepted: 02/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To study the relation between serum complement levels and the chicken MHC (B) complex, complement haemolytic activity was measured in sera from hens from seven pure-bred B-typed White and one Brown Leghorn lines, and three ISA-Warren lines that had been divergently selected for antibody responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Significant differences occurred in the serum haemolytic complement activities, both belonging to the classic (CPW) and the alternative (APW) pathways, among the 11 different haplotyped chicken lines. Hens with high CPW and high APW titres predominantly displayed the B2 or B21 haplotypes. Chickens with low CPW and APW were found in B14 and B15 haplotypes. Haplotype B14 appears to be different in complement levels when present into the pure-bred lines or into the ISA-Warren line selected for low antibody responses to SRBC. Otherwise, the presence of B21 in ISA-Warren line selected for high antibody responses to SRBC does not differ with the B21 in the inbred lines (except in the NL-line for CPW values). In general the haplotypes B2 and B21 are found in chicken lines with enhanced disease resistance, and the B15 haplotype has been connected with enhanced disease susceptibility. Our results suggest that levels of haemolytic complement activity, either from the classical or from the alternative pathways, may underlie part of the immunocompetence ascribed to the MHC (B) complex in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk K Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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16
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Abstract
Host-parasite interactions have been hypothesized to affect the evolution of dispersal by providing a possibility for hosts to escape debilitating parasites, and by influencing the level of local adaptation. We used a comparative approach to investigate the relationship between a component of host immune function (which reflects the evolutionary history of parasite-induced natural selection) and dispersal in birds. We used a sample of 46 species of birds for which we had obtained field estimates of T-cell response for nestlings, mainly from our own field studies in Denmark and Spain. Bird species with longer natal, but not with longer breeding dispersal distances had a stronger mean T-cell-mediated immune response in nestlings than species with short dispersal distances. That was also the case when controlling for the potentially confounding effect of migration from breeding to wintering area, which is known from previous studies to be positively associated with dispersal distance. These relationships held even when controlling for similarity among species because of common ancestry. Avian hosts with a larger number of different breeding habitats had weaker mean T-cell-mediated immune responses than habitat specialists. This relationship held even when controlling for similarity among species because of common ancestry. Therefore, T-cell-mediated immunity is an important predictor of evolutionary changes in dispersal ability among common European birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Møller
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Evolutive, CNRS UMR 7103, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris Cedex, France.
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17
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Hangalapura BN, Nieuwland MGB, de Vries Reilingh G, van den Brand H, Kemp B, Parmentier HK. Durations of cold stress modulates overall immunity of chicken lines divergently selected for antibody responses. Poult Sci 2004; 83:765-75. [PMID: 15141834 DOI: 10.1093/ps/83.5.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of different durations of cold stress (CS) and the time point of immunization relative to the CS of 3 chicken lines were studied. The first 2 chicken lines were divergently selected for high and low antibody responses, and the third was a random-bred control line. In 2 experiments, 26-d-old growing chicks of the 3 lines were feed restricted at 80% of ad libitum and subjected to CS of 10 degrees C for 7, 2, or 0 d. Birds were immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) at -1, +1, +3, +5, or +7 d relative to the end of the CS treatment. Specific antibodies to KLH were determined. In addition, in vitro lymphocyte proliferation responses to concanavalin A (ConA) and KLH as measures of cell-mediated immunity, production of zymosan-induced reactive oxygen intermediates as a measure of phagocytosis, and BW gain as a measure of a production trait were determined. Significantly higher antibody responses to KLH were found in the high line as compared with the other 2 lines. Specific antibody responses to KLH were not significantly affected by the CS treatments. CS had a delayed effect on in vitro mitogen responses to ConA. In vitro lymphocyte proliferation responses to ConA were higher in the low line birds than in the other 2 lines. In general, 7 d of CS significantly enhanced cellular immunity to ConA in vitro, whereas the 2-d CS treatment had differential effects on lymphocyte proliferation to ConA, depending on the line of bird and the time of immunization. KLH-specific lymphocyte proliferation was enhanced by 2 d of CS at 28 d after immunization. Effects of various CS treatments and the time of immunization on the production of reactive oxygen intermediates were inconsistent. In addition, BW gain was negatively affected by CS. We concluded that the innate part of the immune system (phagocytes) responded immediately to CS with an as yet unexplained variability, irrespective of the genetic background. When CS was prolonged, the cellular adaptive immune response and, to some extent, the specific humoral immune response were also affected. The lack of line-by-treatment interactions suggested that the genetic background was a prominent factor for the magnitude of the specific immune response. Our data confirmed earlier studies that, under restricted feeding with simultaneous stress (energy demand for thermoregulation and growth), cellular immunity is more sensitive than humoral immunity. A negative correlation between BW gain and cellular immunity suggest a trade-off between these 2 life traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Hangalapura
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Siwek M, Buitenhuis AJ, Cornelissen SJB, Nieuwland MGB, Bovenhuis H, Crooijmans RPMA, Groenen MAM, de Vries-Reilingh G, Parmentier HK, van der Poel JJ. Detection of different quantitative trait loci for antibody responses to keyhole lympet hemocyanin and Mycobacterium butyricum in two unrelated populations of laying hens. Poult Sci 2004; 82:1845-52. [PMID: 14717541 DOI: 10.1093/ps/82.12.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative trait loci involved in the primary antibody response to keyhole lympet hemocyanin (KLH) and Mycobacterium butyricum were detected in two independent populations of laying hens. The first population was an F2 cross (H/L) of lines divergently selected for either high or low primary antibody responses to SRBC, and the second population was an F2 cross between 2 commercial layer lines displaying differences in feather pecking behavior (FP). Both populations were typed with microsatellite markers widely distributed over the genome with similar intervals between markers. Titers of antibodies binding KLH and M. butyricum were measured for all individuals by ELISA. Two genetic models were applied to detect QTL involved in the humoral immune response: a half-sib model and a line-cross model, both using the regression interval method. In the half-sib analysis, 2 QTL (on GGA14 and GGA27) were detected for the antibody response to KLH for the H/L population, and 2 QTL (on GGA14 and GGA18) were detected for the FP population. Only 1 QTL was detected for M. butyricum on GGA14 in the FP population using the half-sib analysis model. Two QTL were detected for the FP population on GGA2 and GGA3 using the line-cross analysis model. A QTL for the primary antibody response to KLH detected on GGA14 was validated in both populations under the half-sib analysis model. The present data suggest differences in the genetic regulation of antibody responses to two different T-cell dependent antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Siwek
- Animal Breeding & Genetics Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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van Loon D, Hangalapura B, de Vries Reilingh G, Nieuwland M, Kemp B, Parmentier H. Effect of three different housing systems on immune responses and body weight of chicken lines divergently selected for antibody responses to sheep red blood cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-6226(03)00138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lammers A, Klomp MEV, Nieuwland MGB, Savelkoul HFJ, Parmentier HK. Adoptive transfer of natural antibodies to non-immunized chickens affects subsequent antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 28:51-60. [PMID: 12962982 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-305x(03)00102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To determine a regulatory function of natural antibodies in the immune response of chickens, pooled plasma obtained from non-immunized (naïve) 15 months old hens was subjected to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) antigen-affinity chromatography. Purified KLH-binding antibodies were adoptively transferred intravenously to 5 weeks-old cocks that were subsequently immunized subcutaneously 24 h later with KLH. Control groups consisted of birds that were either adoptively transferred with KLH-binding antibodies purified from plasma of KLH-immunized chickens, or PBS, or a salt precipitated total immunoglobulin fraction obtained from the corresponding pooled nai;ve chicken plasma, respectively.Total, IgM and IgY antibody titers to KLH in the plasma of recipients adoptively transferred with KLH-NAb, but not in the plasma of the groups transferred with salt precipitate or KLH-binding specific antibodies, were significantly enhanced as compared to the non-treated, KLH immunized group. Titers of IgA antibodies binding KLH were decreased in the plasma of the group that received specific KLH-binding antibodies, but not in the plasma of the other groups. Proliferation from peripheral blood leucocytes in whole blood from the KLH-NAb treated group, the group treated with KLH-binding specific antibodies and the group treated with salt precipitate, respectively, to both concanavalin A and KLH were significantly decreased as compared to the group receiving PBS. Our data show that antigen-specific antibodies can be isolated from plasma obtained from non-immunized chickens. Such antibodies that resemble natural antibodies as described in mammals may perform an important role in the enhancement of subsequent antigen-specific antibody responses or the maturation of the immune system, which may differ from the role of specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aart Lammers
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, PG 6709, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Hangalapura BN, Nieuwland MGB, de Vries Reilingh G, Heetkamp MJW, van den Brand H, Kemp B, Parmentier HK. Effects of cold stress on immune responses and body weight of chicken lines divergently selected for antibody responses to sheep red blood cells. Poult Sci 2003; 82:1692-700. [PMID: 14653463 DOI: 10.1093/ps/82.11.1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of cold stress (CS) on the immune system of chicken lines divergently selected for high (H line) and low (L line) antibody responses to SRBC next to a randombred control (C) line were studied. Three- to four-week-old growing chicks of the three lines were feed-restricted at 80% ad libitum and subjected to CS at 10 degrees C continuously for 7, 5, 3, 1, or 0 d prior to immunization with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Specific and natural antibodies were measured in the three chicken lines subjected to or not subjected to various durations of CS prior to immunization. In addition to antibodies we also measured in vitro lymphocyte proliferation as a measure of cell-mediated immunity (CMI), zymosan-induced reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) production as a measure of phagocytosis, and BW gain as a measure of production trait. In general, significantly higher antibody responses to KLH and natural antigens were found in the H line as compared to the other two lines. Specific antibody responses to KLH were not significantly affected by CS, but an acute transient increase in natural antibody titers to ovalbumin was found in H line birds subjected to 1 d of CS, which was not found in C or L line birds. On the other hand, an acute significant increase in natural antibody titers to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was found in C and L line birds subjected to 1 d CS but not in H line birds. Cold stress enhanced the ROI production. In addition, 7 d of CS significantly enhanced cellular immunity in vitro, but no significant line effects with respect to cellular immunity were found. BW gain was negatively affected by CS, especially when CS was applied for longer periods. We concluded that birds responded immediately to CS with enhanced innate (phagocyte and natural antibody) immunity, irrespective of genetic background. When CS is prolonged, the cellular adaptive immune response is affected also. Although reallocation of energy was not measured, our data suggested that under limited conditions (e.g., restricted feeding) with simultaneous stress (e.g., CS), growth and cellular immunity were more sensitive than thermoregulation and humoral immunity. With respect to vital life traits, thermoregulation may have first priority followed by adaptive cellular immunity, humoral immunity, and BW gain. The relationships between immune responses and adaptation to stress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Hangalapura
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Navarro C, Marzal A, De Lope F, Møller AP. Dynamics of an immune response in house sparrows Passer domesticus
in relation to time of day, body condition and blood parasite infection. OIKOS 2003. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.11663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Møller AP, Erritzøe J, Saino N. Seasonal changes in immune response and parasite impact on hosts. Am Nat 2003; 161:657-71. [PMID: 12778891 DOI: 10.1086/367879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2002] [Accepted: 09/06/2002] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal changes in the impact of parasites on hosts should result in seasonal changes in immune function. Since both ectoparasites and endoparasites time their reproduction to that of their hosts, we can predict that hosts have been selected to show an annual peak in their ability to raise an immune response during the reproductive season. We found large seasonal changes in immune function between the breeding and the nonbreeding season for a sample of temperate bird species. These changes amounted to a decrease in spleen mass from the breeding to the nonbreeding season by on average 18% across 71 species and a seasonal decrease in T-cell-mediated immunity by on average 33% across 13 species. These seasonal changes in immune function differed significantly among species. The condition dependence of immune function also differed between the breeding and the nonbreeding season, with individuals in prime condition particularly having greater immune responses during breeding. Analyses of ecological factors associated with interspecific differences in seasonal change of immune function revealed that hole-nesting species had a larger increase in immune function during the breeding season than did open nesters. Since hole nesters suffer greater reduction in breeding success because of virulent parasites than do open nesters, this seasonal change in immune function is suggested to have arisen as a response to the increased virulence of parasites attacking hole-nesting birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Pape Møller
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche 7103, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Bâtiment A, 7ème étage, 7 Quai St. Bernard, Case 237, F-75252 Paris , France.
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Parmentier HK, Baelmans R, Nieuwland MGB, Dorny P, Demey F. Haemolytic complement activity, C3 and Factor B consumption in serum from chickens divergently selected for antibody responses to sheep red blood cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2002; 90:91-100. [PMID: 12406658 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibody responses, serum complement haemolytic activity, and complement component C3 and Factor B consumption were studied in chickens divergently selected for high and low antibody responses to sheep red blood cells, and in a randombred control line. Significantly higher total and IgG antibody responses to SRBC were found after intramuscular immunisation in the high antibody responder (H) line versus the low antibody responder (L) line and the control (C) line. Also significantly higher antibody titres were found in the C line as compared to the L line. Ca-dependent (classical) and Ca-independent (alternative) complement haemolytic activity was significantly higher in the H line than in the L line. Also initial complement haemolytic activity and C3 levels prior to immunisation with SRBC were significantly higher in the H than in the L line. The L line, on the other hand, showed numerically higher Factor B levels. Immunisation with SRBC was followed by a different consumption of C3 in serum of the H line than the L line. The results indicated that divergent selection of chickens for specific antibody responses to SRBC affected complement levels and C3 consumption in these chickens. This suggests a genetic linkage between these two immune traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk K Parmentier
- Department of Animal Sciences, Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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25
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Wang YW, Ajuyah AO, Sunwoo HH, Cherian G, Sim JS. Maternal dietary N-3 fatty acids alter the spleen fatty acid composition and bovine serum albumin-induced wing web swelling in broilers. Poult Sci 2002; 81:1722-7. [PMID: 12455601 DOI: 10.1093/ps/81.11.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of maternal dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the spleen fatty acid composition and BSA-induced wing web swellings were investigated in broilers. One hundred twenty broiler breeder hens 26 wk of age were randomly assigned to diets containing mainly wheat, corn, soy meal, barley, oat and 5% (wt/wt) added sunflower oil, fish oil, or a mix of sunflower and fish oils (1:1). After 2 wk on the experimental diets, birds were inseminated, eggs were collected and incubated. Progeny chicks were then fed identical diets for 6 wk. The maternal dietary oils affected (P < 0.05) n-6 and n-3 PUFA in the spleens of hatching chicks. After 2 wk, n-6 PUFA did not differ among the groups; n-3 PUFA, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids were higher (P < 0.05) in the spleens of broilers from hens fed 2.5 or 5% fish oil. After 4 wk, broilers from hens fed 5% fish oil still had higher levels of DHA (P < 0.05) in their spleens than those from hens fed 5% sunflower oil. The BSA-induced wing web swelling response was suppressed (P < 0.05) by n-3 PUFA in breeder hens. Broilers from hens fed high levels of n-3 PUFA had lower (P < 0.05) wing web swelling reactions to BSA at 2 wk (2.5% fish oil) and 4 wk (2.5 and 5% fish oil). In conclusion, n-3 PUFA in breeder hen diets suppressed the BSA-induced wing web swellings of the hens, increased the spleen n-3 fatty acids (especially DHA), and decreased BSA-induced wing web swellings of progeny up to 4 wk of age.
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26
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Moller AP. North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) effects of climate on the relative importance of first and second clutches in a migratory passerine bird. J Anim Ecol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2002.00589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sijben JW, Nieuwland MG, Kemp B, Parmentier HK, Schrama JW. Interactions and antigen dependence of dietary n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on antibody responsiveness in growing layer hens. Poult Sci 2001; 80:885-93. [PMID: 11469650 DOI: 10.1093/ps/80.7.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of four levels of dietary linoleic acid (LA), an n-6 fatty acid, and four levels of alpha-linolenic acid (LNA), an n-3 fatty acid, and their interactions on immune responses in growing layer hens were studied. Immune responses were induced by injection with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or Mycobacterium butyricum particles at 35 d of age. Antibody (Ab) responses were measured until 21 d after immunization. In addition, delayed-type hypersensitivity, lymphocyte proliferation, weekly feed intake, and BW gain were studied. At Day 7 after immunization, anti-M. butyricum titers in the M. butyricum-immunized hens were decreased by the increase of dietary LA (P < 0.05). In the period from 10 to 14 d after immunization, anti-KLH Ab titers in KLH-immunized animals were affected by the interaction of dietary LA with LNA (P < 0.01). High dietary levels of LA or LNA increased the anti-KLH Ab response. However, at high levels of dietary LA and LNA, anti-KLH Ab titers were not increased. In the same period, anti-M. butyricum Ab titers of M. butyricum-immunized hens were affected by the interaction of dietary LA with LNA (P < 0.05). At low levels of LA and LNA, increased LA levels decreased the Ab response, whereas increased LNA levels at low LA levels hardly affected the anti-M. butyricum response. At a high level of LA, increased dietary LNA increased the anti-M. butyricum response. In vitro proliferation of peripheral blood leukocytes after stimulation with concanavalin A (ConA) was higher in chickens with a high level of dietary LNA. Feed intake decreased when the dietary levels of LA or LNA increased. However, BW gain was not affected by dietary treatments. Feed conversion was more efficient in birds fed high levels of LA and LNA. The present study indicates that various factors affect the Ab responses. First, the interaction of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is more important than the separate effects of n-3 or n-6. Second, the actions of dietary PUFA were different between antigens of a different nature. Third was the nature of the antigen affects when dietary PUFA exert their actions and the persistence of these effects. The presence of these multiple factors affecting immune responses should be considered when comparing effects of dietary PUFA on immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Sijben
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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Parmentier HK, Abuzeid SY, Reilingh GD, Nieuwland MG, Graat EA. Immune responses and resistance to Eimeria acervulina of chickens divergently selected for antibody responses to sheep red blood cells. Poult Sci 2001; 80:894-900. [PMID: 11469651 DOI: 10.1093/ps/80.7.894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to Eimeria acervulina was measured in two lines of chickens that had been divergently selected for high (H line) or low (L line) antibody (Ab) responses to SRBC, and in a randombred control (C) line originating from the same parental stock. Fecal oocyst output of cocks from the three lines from the 17th generation was estimated after primary and secondary infection with 2 x 10(5) oocysts. In addition, Ab responses to E. acervulina oocyst antigen and cellular immune responses in vitro to E. acervulina antigen were measured after primary and secondary infection with E. acervulina. No significant line differences were found with respect to fecal oocyst output after primary infection. Only at the end of the primary infection period, i.e., Day 15 postprimary infection, was a significantly lower fecal oocyst output found in the H line as compared to the C and L lines. After secondary infection, significantly higher fecal oocyst output was found in the C line. Significantly higher Ab response after primary and secondary infection were found in the H and C lines as compared to the L line. No line differences were found for cellular immune responses to E. acervulina oocyst antigen. These observations imply that selection for enhanced humoral immunity to SRBC did not result in enhanced resistance to E. acervulina in terms of fecal oocyst output. However, the H line might expel E. acervulina more rapidly than the other two lines. The absence of line differences in resistance to Eimeria is discussed with respect to the role of the humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Parmentier
- Health and Reproduction Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The effects of arginine on selective immune responses were investigated in a high arginine-requiring (HA) and low arginine-requiring (LA) strain of chickens. Female chickens from these strains were fed diet containing a nutritionally inadequate level of arginine (0.53% arginine diet) or a surfeit level of arginine (1.53% arginine diet) for 2 weeks. Compared to LA chickens, HA chickens showed a higher feed efficiency, body weight gain, and relative thymus and spleen weights with L-arginine supplementation (p < 0.05). In both HA and LA chickens, a deficiency of arginine significantly decreased the delayed-type hypersensitivity response (p < 0.05) and nitric oxide (NO) production from macrophages. Chickens of the HA strain had higher NO production than those of LA strain with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation. This study indicates that dietary arginine concentration influences the immune status of chickens and that strains that differ in arginine requirements for growth may differ in their arginine needs for immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kwak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, 14853, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Duffy DL, Bentley GE, Drazen DL, Ball GF. Effects of testosterone on cell-mediated and humoral immunity in non-breeding adult European starlings. Behav Ecol 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/11.6.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sijben JW, de Groot H, Nieuwland MG, Schrama JW, Parmentier HK. Dietary linoleic acid divergently affects immune responsiveness of growing layer hens. Poult Sci 2000; 79:1106-15. [PMID: 10947178 DOI: 10.1093/ps/79.8.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of linoleic (LA)- and linolenic acid (LNA)-enriched diets on humoral and in vivo cellular immune responses to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-dinitrophenyl (DNP) and Mycobacterium butyricum were studied in growing layer hens. Pullets were fed one of three diets: a control, LA enriched, or LNA enriched. Pullets were assigned to one of three immunization treatments: KLH-DNP, M. butyricum, or PBS. The LA-enriched diet enhanced the antibody response to KLH in pullets immunized with KLH-DNP. On the other hand, the antibody response to M. butyricum in M. butyricum-immunized birds was decreased by feeding an LA-enriched diet. In vitro lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of Concanavalin A was affected by the interaction between diet and immunization. Neither cutaneous hypersensitivity to KLH nor to M. butyricum was affected by the diet. The BW gain before immunization was not affected by the diet, but after immunization, the LA-enriched diet enhanced growth in birds immunized with M. butyricum. Diets had various effects on organ weights. We concluded that dietary linoleic acid enrichment of the diet has an antigen-dependent divergent effect on the antibody response. The dietary LNA effect on the antibody response is less pronounced and is opposite to that of the LA effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Sijben
- Health and Reproduction Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands.
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Verhulst S, Dieleman SJ, Parmentier HK. A tradeoff between immunocompetence and sexual ornamentation in domestic fowl. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:4478-81. [PMID: 10200287 PMCID: PMC16357 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.8.4478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Females often select their mates on the basis of the size or intensity of sexual ornaments, and it is thought that such traits are reliable indicators of male quality because the costliness of these traits prevents cheating. The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis is a recently proposed mechanistic explanation of these costs and states that males carry ornaments at the expense of their resistance to disease and parasites. The tradeoff between immunocompetence and sexual ornamentation was hypothesized to arise as a consequence of the dual effect of androgens on ornamentation (+) and immune function (-). To test this hypothesis, we compared comb size between male domestic chickens Gallus domesticus of lines divergently selected for antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes (three lines: selected for low response or high response and a control line). The importance of comb size in inter- and intrasexual selection is well established, and comb size is strongly dependent on testosterone level. Comb size was larger in the males of the low line than in the high line, and comb size of control males was intermediate, indicating a tradeoff between ornamentation and immunocompetence. Testosterone (T) levels varied in a similar fashion (TLow > TControl > THigh), suggesting that this hormone could mediate the tradeoff between ornamentation and immunocompetence. These results support the idea that a tradeoff with immune function may constrain the expression of secondary sexual ornaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Verhulst
- Zoological Laboratory, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands.
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Gehad AE, Mashaly MM, Siegel HS, Dunnington EA, Siegel PB. Effect of genetic selection and MHC haplotypes on lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 like activity in chicken lines selected for high and low antibody production against sheep red blood cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1999; 68:13-24. [PMID: 10231948 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(99)00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chickens from third generation matings of lines of chickens selected for high (HA) and low (LA) antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and typed for MHC genotypes B13/13, B13/21, and B21/21 were used in this study. Chickens from both lines carried all the three genotypes B13/13, B13/21, and B21/21. To study T- and B-lymphocytes mitogenic activity, 12-week-old female chickens were injected intravenously with 0.2 ml of 9% SRBC and spleens were collected at 0, 6 h, and 6 day post-antigen injection (pAg). Isolated lymphocytes were incubated with either Concanavalin-A (Con-A) for T-cell activity, or Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) for B-cell activity and thymidine 3H uptakes were measured. To study the Interleukin-2 (IL-2)-like activity in the same lines and genotypes, splenic lymphocytes from 12-week-old chickens were passed through nylon wool columns to enrich the T-cell population. After a 24 h incubation with Con-A, the conditioned media (CM) were collected. The CM were tested for IL-2 like activity by determining whether they altered the proliferation of Con-A stimulated T cells. This proliferation effect was then compared to that of a reference conditioned media (RCM) prepared from K-strain birds and that were used as the standard for the assay. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in IL-2 like activity between HA and LA lines, however, the LA was significantly higher than HA (p < 0.05) in T- and B-cell mitogenic activity. The genotype B13/13 had significantly higher (p < 0.05) IL-2 like activity than the B21/21. The genotype B13/13 was also significantly higher (p < 0.05) in T- and B-cell mitogenic activity than the B21/21. At 0 h, pAg T- and B-mitogenic activity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than 6 h. In summary, our results indicate that although the birds were selected for high antibody production to SRBC, their lymphocyte mitogenic activity was lower than those selected for low antibody production. Hence, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses appear to be under different genetic controls, and that selection for greater humoral response may be at the expense of cellular responses. Our results also suggest differences in IL-2 like activity production between chickens carrying different MHC B-haplotypes, and that genetic control of such activity is possibly linked to the MHC genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Gehad
- Department of Poultry Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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Parmentier HK, De Vries Reilingh G, Nieuwland MG. Kinetic and immunohistochemical characteristics of mitogen-induced cutaneous hypersensitivity in chickens selected for antibody responsiveness. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1998; 66:367-76. [PMID: 9880112 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-induced cutaneous hypersensitivity was evaluated in chickens selected for high and low antibody responses to SRBC, and in a random bred control line. Wing web swelling responses were found after subcutaneous administration of phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively, in all three lines. All mitogens induced significant acute 4 h wing web swelling responses, followed by a significant (classical) late 24 h wing web swelling response. The 4 h responses were significantly lower in the L line, whereas a tendency for lower responses at 24 h in the L line was found as well. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the early and late wing web swelling responses revealed extravascular localisation of leukocytes at 24 h after sensitization with mitogens, which consisted of CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, TCR-1+ cells, and heterophils, but no B cells, whereas the 4 h swelling response was primarily characterized by oedema. Cutaneous hypersensitivity either initiated by T-cell mitogens as well as B-cell mitogens may depend for an important part on the rapid induction of local homing of lymphocytes towards the sensitizing agent, which may be mediated by an acute local expression of molecules with chemo-attractive capacities. Interpretation of cellular immunity responses in vivo such as delayed-type hypersensitivity should therefore incorporate oedema-initiating characteristics of sensitizing agents. The relationship between the magnitude of cutaneous hypersensitivity to mitogens and selection for antibody responsiveness is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Parmentier
- Department of Animal Sciences, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. henk.parmentier@
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35
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Zuk M, Johnsen TS. Seasonal changes in the relationship between ornamentation and immune response in red jungle fowl. Proc Biol Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1998.0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Zuk
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Torgeir S. Johnsen
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Bayyari GR, Huff WE, Rath NC, Balog JM, Newberry LA, Villines JD, Skeeles JK. Immune and physiological responses of turkeys with green-liver osteomyelitis complex. Poult Sci 1997; 76:280-8. [PMID: 9057207 DOI: 10.1093/ps/76.2.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A study of field turkeys was undertaken in order to determine the involvement of relative immunological differences in the etiology of turkey osteomyelitis complex (TOC). Lame and normal turkeys were sampled from commercial flocks just prior to processing in two separate trials. After testing for functions of both humoral and cellular immunity, the turkeys were necropsied and examined for lesions of TOC. There were significantly higher relative spleen and over weights and significantly lower body weights and relative bursal weights in birds with TOC. The birds with TOC had lower response to phytohemagglutinin-P in both in vivo and in vitro tests as well as lower circulating lymphocyte counts and higher monocyte, heterophil, and total white blood cell counts. There was a significantly higher antibody response to sheep red blood cells in turkeys with TOC, whereas antibody response to Salmonella pullorum antigen was not different. There were no significant differences in the percentages of mononuclear cells or heterophils able to phagocytize bacteria or latex particles, or kill bacteria; however, the heterophils from turkeys with TOC lesions did phagocytize significantly fewer latex particles per cell than did those of the healthy turkeys. Total serum protein, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen levels were higher in birds with TOC, whereas hemoglobin, iron, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl-transferase levels were lower. Although many of the differences in birds with TOC could be caused by the normal host reaction to infection, further study may reveal innate differences that contribute to susceptibility to TOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Bayyari
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Parmentier HK, Kreukniet MB, Goeree B, Davison TF, Jeurissen SH, Harmsen EG, Nieuwland MG. Differences in distribution of lymphocyte antigens in chicken lines divergently selected for antibody responses to sheep red blood cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1995; 48:155-68. [PMID: 8533310 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(94)05411-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The proportion of cells showing differentiation antigens specific for T cells, B cells and leukocytes was studied at various ages in peripheral blood, and at 14 weeks of age in the bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus of two lines of chicken that had been selected over 13 generations for either high (H) or low (L) antibody responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), and also in a randombred control (C) line. Flow cytometry showed no consistently significant differences between the three lines in numbers of circulating lymphocytes and other leukocytes after hatching. However, higher percentages of CD4+ cells and B cells were present in the spleen and thymus from the H line compared with the L line. However, the L line was characterized by a higher proportion of splenic CD8+ cells and spleen cells expressing gamma-delta T-cell receptors. Immunization with sheep red blood cells had no effect on the distribution of CD4+ or CD8+ cells in the various tissues at 2 and 7 days after immunization. These results suggest that previously reported differences in in vivo immune responses between these chicken lines may be related to the differences in resident T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the lymphoid tissues. The involvement of T-cell subsets and non-antigen-specific mechanisms in divergent selection on humoral immune responses in chickens is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Parmentier
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Agricultural University Wageningen, Netherlands
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Kreukniet MB, Nieuwland MG, van der Zijpp AJ. Phagocytic activity of two lines of chickens divergently selected for antibody production. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1995; 44:377-87. [PMID: 7747413 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(94)05304-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Differences in phagocytic capacity of two chicken lines selected for high (H) or low (L) antibody response against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were studied in 8 month old cocks of the seventh selection generation. The H line cocks had significantly higher agglutinin titers after immunization with SRBC than the L line. The total clearance capacity of the phagocytes, measured by the clearance of carbon particles from the blood, did not differ between the lines. The L line cocks had more circulating granulocytes. However, the granulocytes of the H line phagocytized more yeast cells than those of the L line. Neither in immunized nor in non-immunized cocks, were line differences found in the intracellular destruction of antigen by phagocytes, estimated as the superoxide production during phagocytosis and the plasma levels of lysozyme activity and acid phosphatase, before and after immunization. It was concluded that the line difference in antibody response was not due to measurable differences in phagocytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Kreukniet
- Wageningen Agricultural University, Department of Animal Husbandry, Netherlands
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Parmentier HK, Siemonsma R, Nieuwland MG. Immune responses to bovine serum albumin in chicken lines divergently selected for antibody responses to sheep red blood cells. Poult Sci 1994; 73:825-35. [PMID: 8072925 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0730825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary antibody and cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to BSA revealed differences between two lines of chickens that had been selected during 12 generations for either high (H) or low (L) antibody responses to SRBC. Levels of total and IgM BSA-binding antibodies at Day 8 postsensitization were significantly lower in the L line than in the H line and in a randombred control (C) line that originated from the same parental stock as the selected lines. Both the early and the late classical wing-web responses to BSA were absent in the L line. In contrast, peripheral blood leukocytes from all three lines proliferated equally well in vitro in the presence of BSA. Line by treatment effects were found for mitogen-induced lymphoproliferation in vitro. Peripheral blood leukocytes obtained from BSA-sensitized H line chickens exhibited lower proliferative responses to concanavalin A than peripheral blood leukocytes from C and L line chickens. These results suggest that differences in immune responses in vivo between the present chicken lines are expressed as antibody (-mediated immune) responses to T cell-dependent antigens. The similarity in immune responses to BSA of the H and C lines after 12 generations of divergent selection indicate that selection for an enhanced immune response to one (multiantigenic) antigen (SRBC) may not necessarily implicate improvement of immunity to another antigen (BSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Parmentier
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Kreukniet MB, Gianotten N, Nieuwland MB, Parmentier HK. In vitro T cell activity in two chicken lines divergently selected for antibody response to sheep erythrocytes. Poult Sci 1994; 73:336-40. [PMID: 8146081 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0730336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Four experiments were conducted to determine possible differences in the in vitro concanavalin A (ConA) response between two lines selected either for high (H) or low (L) antibody response 5 d after intramuscular immunization with SRBC. In all four experiments, the cell proliferation after stimulation with ConA was higher, although not always significantly so, in the L line than in the H line, independently of dose of Con A and source of lymphocytes. It can be concluded that selection for anti-SRBC antibody response affected the cellular response in chickens. Previously reported results, in other chicken lines selected for humoral response to SRBC after intravenous immunization with SRBC, showed an opposite line difference in mitogen response. These opposite results point to the fact that comparable selection protocols for immunological variables do not necessarily have a comparable influence on the diverse components of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Kreukniet
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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